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Pei L, Hickman HD. T Cell Surveillance during Cutaneous Viral Infections. Viruses 2024; 16:679. [PMID: 38793562 PMCID: PMC11126121 DOI: 10.3390/v16050679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The skin is a complex tissue that provides a strong physical barrier against invading pathogens. Despite this, many viruses can access the skin and successfully replicate in either the epidermal keratinocytes or dermal immune cells. In this review, we provide an overview of the antiviral T cell biology responding to cutaneous viral infections and how these responses differ depending on the cellular targets of infection. Much of our mechanistic understanding of T cell surveillance of cutaneous infection has been gained from murine models of poxvirus and herpesvirus infection. However, we also discuss other viral infections, including flaviviruses and papillomaviruses, in which the cutaneous T cell response has been less extensively studied. In addition to the mechanisms of successful T cell control of cutaneous viral infection, we highlight knowledge gaps and future directions with possible impact on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Heather D. Hickman
- Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
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Wang ZT, Deng ZM, Dai FF, Yuan MQ, Liu SY, Li BS, Cheng YX. Tumor immunity: A brief overview of tumor‑infiltrating immune cells and research advances into tumor‑infiltrating lymphocytes in gynecological malignancies (Review). Exp Ther Med 2024; 27:166. [PMID: 38476909 PMCID: PMC10928974 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2024.12453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Tumor immunity is a promising topic in the area of cancer therapy. The 'soil' function of the tumor microenvironment (TME) for tumor growth has attracted wide attention from scientists. Tumor-infiltrating immune cells in the TME, especially the tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), serve a key role in cancer. Firstly, relevant literature was searched in the PubMed and Web of Science databases with the following key words: 'Tumor microenvironment'; 'TME'; 'tumor-infiltrating immunity cells'; 'gynecologic malignancies'; 'the adoptive cell therapy (ACT) of TILs'; and 'TIL-ACT' (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/). According to the title and abstract of the articles, relevant items were screened out in the preliminary screening. The most relevant selected items were of two types: All kinds of tumor-infiltrating immune cells; and advanced research on TILs in gynecological malignancies. The results showed that the subsets of TILs were various and complex, while each subpopulation influenced each other and their effects on tumor prognosis were diverse. Moreover, the related research and clinical trials on TILs were mostly concentrated in melanoma and breast cancer, but relatively few focused on gynecological tumors. In conclusion, the present review summarized the biological classification of TILs and the mechanisms of their involvement in the regulation of the immune microenvironment, and subsequently analyzed the development of tumor immunotherapy for TILs. Collectively, the present review provides ideas for the current treatment dilemma of gynecological tumor immune checkpoints, such as adverse reactions, safety, personal specificity and efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Tao Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Min Deng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Fang-Fang Dai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Meng-Qin Yuan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Shi-Yi Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Bing-Shu Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Yan-Xiang Cheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
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Jacques C, Marchand F, Chatelais M, Floris I. Actives from the Micro-Immunotherapy Medicine 2LMIREG ® Reduce the Expression of Cytokines and Immune-Related Markers Including Interleukin-2 and HLA-II While Modulating Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Function. J Inflamm Res 2024; 17:1161-1181. [PMID: 38406323 PMCID: PMC10894519 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s445053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Micro-immunotherapy (MI) is a therapeutic option employing low doses (LD) and ultra-low doses (ULD) of cytokines and immune factors to help the organism at modulating the immune responses. In an overpowering inflammatory context, this strategy may support the restoration of the body's homeostasis, as the active ingredients of MI medicines' (MIM) could boost or slow down the physiological functions of the immune cells. The aim of the study is to evaluate for the first time the in vitro anti-inflammatory properties of some actives employed by the MIM of interest in several human immune cell models. Methods In the first part of the study, the effects of the actives from the MIM of interest were assessed from a molecular standpoint: the expression of HLA-II, interleukin (IL)-2, and the secretion of several other cytokines were evaluated. In addition, as mitochondrial metabolism is also involved in the inflammatory processes, the second part of the study aimed at assessing the effects of these actives on the mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and on the mitochondrial membrane potential. Results We showed that the tested actives decreased the expression of HLA-DR and HLA-DP in IFN-γ-stimulated endothelial cells and in LPS-treated-M1-macrophages. The tested MIM slightly reduced the intracellular expression of IL-2 in CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells isolated from PMA/Iono-stimulated human PBMCs. Additionally, while the secretion of IL-2, IL-10, and IFN-γ was diminished, the treatment increased IL-6, IL-9, and IL-17A, which may correspond to a "Th17-like" secretory pattern. Interestingly, in PMA/Iono-treated PBMCs, we reported that the treatment reduced the ROS production in B-cells. Finally, in PMA/Iono-treated human macrophages, we showed that the treatment slightly protected the cells from early cell death/apoptosis. Discussion Overall, these results provide data about the molecular and functional anti-inflammatory effects of several actives contained in the tested MIM in immune-related cells, and their impact on two mitochondria-related processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Jacques
- Preclinical Research Department, Labo’Life France, Pescalis-Les Magnys, Moncoutant-sur-Sevre, 79320, France
| | | | | | - Ilaria Floris
- Preclinical Research Department, Labo’Life France, Pescalis-Les Magnys, Moncoutant-sur-Sevre, 79320, France
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Bruno A, Tacconelli S, Contursi A, Ballerini P, Patrignani P. Cyclooxygenases and platelet functions. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2023; 97:133-165. [PMID: 37236757 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2022.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Cyclooxygenase (COX) isozymes, i.e., COX-1 and COX-2, are encoded by separate genes and are involved in the generation of the same products, prostaglandin (PG)G2 and PGH2 from arachidonic acid (AA) by the COX and peroxidase activities of the enzymes, respectively. PGH2 is then transformed into prostanoids in a tissue-dependent fashion due to the different expression of downstream synthases. Platelets present almost exclusively COX-1, which generates large amounts of thromboxane (TX)A2, a proaggregatory and vasoconstrictor mediator. This prostanoid plays a central role in atherothrombosis, as shown by the benefit of the antiplatelet agent low-dose aspirin, a preferential inhibitor of platelet COX-1. Recent findings have shown the relevant role played by platelets and TXA2 in developing chronic inflammation associated with several diseases, including tissue fibrosis and cancer. COX-2 is induced in response to inflammatory and mitogenic stimuli to generate PGE2 and PGI2 (prostacyclin), in inflammatory cells. However, PGI2 is constitutively expressed in vascular cells in vivo and plays a crucial role in protecting the cardiovascular systems due to its antiplatelet and vasodilator effects. Here, platelets' role in regulating COX-2 expression in cells of the inflammatory microenvironment is described. Thus, the selective inhibition of platelet COX-1-dependent TXA2 by low-dose aspirin prevents COX-2 induction in stromal cells leading to antifibrotic and antitumor effects. The biosynthesis and functions of other prostanoids, such as PGD2, and isoprostanes, are reported. In addition to aspirin, which inhibits platelet COX-1 activity, possible strategies to affect platelet functions by influencing platelet prostanoid receptors or synthases are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Bruno
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), Chieti, Italy; Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Science, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Stefania Tacconelli
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), Chieti, Italy; Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Science, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Annalisa Contursi
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), Chieti, Italy; Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Science, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Patrizia Ballerini
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), Chieti, Italy; Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, "G.d'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Paola Patrignani
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), Chieti, Italy; Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Science, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy.
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Serum cytokines and bone metabolic markers in patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with biological disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs. Clin Rheumatol 2023; 42:721-730. [PMID: 36163441 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-022-06390-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION /objectives Several biological disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (bDMARDs) have been widely used for the management of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). These drugs target different molecules important for the pathophysiology of RA; however, only a few studies have compared the effects of these biological drugs on cytokines and bone metabolic markers. The main aim of this study is to clarify the effects of bDMARDs with different modes of action on the cytokine and bone metabolic marker levels in patients with RA. METHODS Patients with RA who were initiated on infliximab, tocilizumab, or abatacept as the first bDMARD were prospectively enrolled in this study. Serum cytokine and bone metabolic marker levels were measured longitudinally, and changes in their levels were compared. RESULTS A total of 174 patients were enrolled in this study, with 55, 70, and 49 patients in the infliximab, tocilizumab, and abatacept groups, respectively. At six months, despite the similar clinical effectiveness of the three drugs, changes in the cytokine and bone metabolic marker levels were distinct; interferon-γ and tumor necrosis factor-α levels were significantly increased with infliximab, interleukin-6 levels were increased with tocilizumab, and interleukin-1β and interleukin-8 levels were increased with abatacept treatment. Bone-specific alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin levels increased more significantly with tocilizumab than with infliximab, while osteopontin and osteonectin levels decreased with infliximab treatment. CONCLUSIONS bDMARDs with different modes of action exert different effects on the cytokine and bone metabolic marker levels in patients with RA.
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Werneck JT, Souza Gonçalves L, Marques LC, Junior AS. Lymphocyte and CD62E expression in lichen planus and lichenoid reaction. BMC Oral Health 2022; 22:507. [PMCID: PMC9670570 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-022-02496-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
It is difficult to distinguish the clinical and histopathological aspects of oral lichen planus lesions from those of oral lichenoid reaction. Some criteria were proposed to distinguish them, mainly because they have different biological behaviors. The aim of the present study was to compare the lymphocyte population and the expression of E-selectin between these lesions.
Methods
Participants with a clinical diagnosis of oral lichen planus (GOLP) and oral lichenoid reaction (GOLR) who needed to perform a biopsy were selected. The tissue was frozen and immunostaining was performed for CD3/CD4, CD3/CD8, CD4/CLA, CD8/CLA, and CD62E. The analysis of each immunostaining was accomplished using the ImageJ program.
Results
In total, 25 participants with oral lichen planus and 11 with oral lichenoid reaction were seen. In the evaluation of CD3 + CD4+/CD3 + and CD3 + CD8+/CD3 + proportions, there was a higher percentage of these cells in the oral lichen planus group when compared with the oral lichenoid reaction group (p = 0.027 and p = 0.038 respectively). The average number of CLA + lymphocytes for CD4+/CLA + and CD8+/CLA + in both groups was not statistically significant (p = 0.840; d = 0.363). In GOLP, the number of CD4 + CLA+/E-selectin and CD8 + CLA+/E-selectin was not statistically significant (p = 0.951 and p = 0.454 respectively); neither in GOLR (p = 0.454 and p = 0.989 respectively).
Conclusion
Our results indicate that CD3 + CD4+, CD3 + CD8+, CD4 + CLA+, CD8 + CLA + lymphocytes and E-selectin are present in both lesions. However, the proportion of CD3 + CD4+/CD3 + and CD3 + CD8/CD3 + cells is higher in the oral lichen planus group when compared with the oral lichenoid reaction group, suggesting that these cells may be important for the etiopathogenic mechanism of these lesions.
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Fu Y, Xiang Y, Li H, Chen A, Dong Z. Inflammation in kidney repair: Mechanism and therapeutic potential. Pharmacol Ther 2022; 237:108240. [PMID: 35803367 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The kidney has a remarkable ability of repair after acute kidney injury (AKI). However, when injury is severe or persistent, the repair is incomplete or maladaptive and may lead to chronic kidney disease (CKD). Maladaptive kidney repair involves multiple cell types and multifactorial processes, of which inflammation is a key component. In the process of inflammation, there is a bidirectional interplay between kidney parenchymal cells and the immune system. The extensive and complex crosstalk between renal tubular epithelial cells and interstitial cells, including immune cells, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells, governs the repair and recovery of the injured kidney. Further research in this field is imperative for the discovery of biomarkers and promising therapeutic targets for kidney repair. In this review, we summarize the latest progress in the immune response and inflammation during maladaptive kidney repair, analyzing the interaction between immune cells and intrinsic kidney cells, pointing out the potentialities of inflammation-related pathways as therapeutic targets, and discussing the challenges and future research prospects in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Fu
- Department of Nephrology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, The Second Xiangya Hospital at Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Yu Xiang
- Department of Nephrology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, The Second Xiangya Hospital at Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Honglin Li
- Department of Nephrology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, The Second Xiangya Hospital at Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Anqun Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, The Second Xiangya Hospital at Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Zheng Dong
- Department of Nephrology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, The Second Xiangya Hospital at Central South University, Changsha 410011, China; Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University and Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, USA.
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Regev O, Kizner M, Roncato F, Dadiani M, Saini M, Castro-Giner F, Yajuk O, Kozlovski S, Levi N, Addadi Y, Golani O, Ben-Dor S, Granot Z, Aceto N, Alon R. ICAM-1 on Breast Cancer Cells Suppresses Lung Metastasis but Is Dispensable for Tumor Growth and Killing by Cytotoxic T Cells. Front Immunol 2022; 13:849701. [PMID: 35911772 PMCID: PMC9328178 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.849701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast tumors and their derived circulating cancer cells express the leukocyte β2 integrin ligand Intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1). We found that elevated ICAM-1 expression in breast cancer cells results in a favorable outcome and prolonged survival of breast cancer patients. We therefore assessed the direct in vivo contribution of ICAM-1 expressed by breast cancer cells to breast tumorigenesis and lung metastasis in syngeneic immunocompetent mice hosts using spontaneous and experimental models of the lung metastasis of the C57BL/6-derived E0771 cell line, a luminal B breast cancer subtype. Notably, the presence of ICAM-1 on E0771 did not alter tumor growth or the leukocyte composition in the tumor microenvironment. Interestingly, the elimination of Tregs led to the rapid killing of primary tumor cells independently of tumor ICAM-1 expression. The in vivo elimination of a primary E0771 tumor expressing the ovalbumin (OVA) model neoantigen by the OVA-specific OVA-tcr-I mice (OT-I) transgenic cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) also took place normally in the absence of ICAM-1 expression by E0771 breast cancer target cells. The whole lung imaging of these cells by light sheet microscopy (LSM) revealed that both Wild type (WT)- and ICAM-1-deficient E0771 cells were equally disseminated from resected tumors and accumulated inside the lung vasculature at similar magnitudes. ICAM-1-deficient breast cancer cells developed, however, much larger metastatic lesions than their control counterparts. Strikingly, the vast majority of these cells gave rise to intravascular tumor colonies both in spontaneous and experimental metastasis models. In the latter model, ICAM-1 expressing E0771- but not their ICAM-1-deficient counterparts were highly susceptible to elimination by neutrophils adoptively transferred from E0771 tumor-bearing donor mice. Ex vivo, neutrophils derived from tumor-bearing mice also killed cultured E0771 cells via ICAM-1-dependent interactions. Collectively, our results are a first indication that ICAM-1 expressed by metastatic breast cancer cells that expand inside the lung vasculature is involved in innate rather than in adaptive cancer cell killing. This is also a first indication that the breast tumor expression of ICAM-1 is not required for CTL-mediated killing but can function as a suppressor of intravascular breast cancer metastasis to lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ofer Regev
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Marina Kizner
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Francesco Roncato
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Maya Dadiani
- Cancer Research Center, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Massimo Saini
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Francesc Castro-Giner
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Olga Yajuk
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Hebrew University Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Stav Kozlovski
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Nehora Levi
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yoseph Addadi
- Life Sciences Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ofra Golani
- Life Sciences Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Shifra Ben-Dor
- Life Sciences Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Zvi Granot
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Hebrew University Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Nicola Aceto
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ronen Alon
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
- *Correspondence: Ronen Alon,
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Estrada Brull A, Panetti C, Joller N. Moving to the Outskirts: Interplay Between Regulatory T Cells and Peripheral Tissues. Front Immunol 2022; 13:864628. [PMID: 35572535 PMCID: PMC9099010 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.864628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) restrain excessive immune responses and dampen inflammation. In addition to this classical immune suppressive role, Tregs in non-lymphoid tissues also promote tissue homeostasis, regeneration and repair. In this review, we outline our current understanding of how Tregs migrate to peripheral tissues and the factors required for their maintenance at these sites. We discuss the tissue-specific adaptations of Tregs at barrier and immuno-privileged sites and the mechanisms that regulate their function within these organs. Furthermore, we outline what is known about the interactions of Tregs with non-immune cells in the different peripheral tissues at steady state and upon challenge or tissue damage. A thorough understanding of the tissue-specific adaptations and functions of Tregs will potentially pave the way for therapeutic approaches targeting their regenerative role.
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Puig L, Costanzo A, Muñoz‐Elías EJ, Jazra M, Wegner S, Paul C, Conrad C. The biological basis of disease recurrence in psoriasis: a historical perspective and current models. Br J Dermatol 2021; 186:773-781. [PMID: 34939663 PMCID: PMC9374062 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.20963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A key challenge in psoriasis therapy is the tendency for lesions to recur in previously affected anatomical locations after treatment discontinuation following lesion resolution. Available evidence supports the concept of a localized immunological ‘memory’ that persists in resolved skin after complete disappearance of visible inflammation, as well as the role of a specific subpopulation of T cells characterized by the dermotropic CCR4+ phenotype and forming a local memory. Increasing knowledge of the interleukin (IL)‐23/T helper 17 (Th17) cell pathway in psoriasis immunopathology is pointing away from the historical classification of psoriasis as primarily a Th1‐type disease. Research undertaken from the 1990s to the mid‐2000s provided evidence for the existence of a large population of CD8+ and CD4+ tissue‐resident memory T cells in resolved skin, which can initiate and perpetuate immune responses of psoriasis in the absence of T‐cell recruitment from the blood. Dendritic cells (DCs) are antigen‐presenting cells that contribute to psoriasis pathology via the secretion of IL‐23, the upstream regulator of Th17 cells, while plasmacytoid DCs are involved via IL‐36 signalling and type I interferon activation. Overall, the evidence discussed in this review indicates that IL‐23‐driven/IL‐17‐producing T cells play a critical role in psoriasis pathology and recurrence, making these cytokines logical therapeutic targets. The review also explains the clinical efficacy of IL‐17 and IL‐23 receptor blockers in the treatment of psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lluís Puig
- Department of Dermatology Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau Barcelona Spain
| | - Antonio Costanzo
- Unit of Dermatology IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital Rozzano Milan Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences Humanitas University Pieve Emanuele Milan Italy
| | - Ernesto J. Muñoz‐Elías
- Department of Immunology ‐ Translational Biology, Biomarkers & Early Development Janssen Research & Development La Jolla CA/Spring House PA USA
| | | | - Sven Wegner
- Medical Affairs, Janssen‐Cilag GmbH Neuss Germany
| | - Carle Paul
- Department of Dermatology Hôpital Larrey, CHU Toulouse Toulouse France
| | - Curdin Conrad
- Department of Dermatology University Hospital CHUV Lausanne Switzerland
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Hennigs JK, Matuszcak C, Trepel M, Körbelin J. Vascular Endothelial Cells: Heterogeneity and Targeting Approaches. Cells 2021; 10:2712. [PMID: 34685692 PMCID: PMC8534745 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Forming the inner layer of the vascular system, endothelial cells (ECs) facilitate a multitude of crucial physiological processes throughout the body. Vascular ECs enable the vessel wall passage of nutrients and diffusion of oxygen from the blood into adjacent cellular structures. ECs regulate vascular tone and blood coagulation as well as adhesion and transmigration of circulating cells. The multitude of EC functions is reflected by tremendous cellular diversity. Vascular ECs can form extremely tight barriers, thereby restricting the passage of xenobiotics or immune cell invasion, whereas, in other organ systems, the endothelial layer is fenestrated (e.g., glomeruli in the kidney), or discontinuous (e.g., liver sinusoids) and less dense to allow for rapid molecular exchange. ECs not only differ between organs or vascular systems, they also change along the vascular tree and specialized subpopulations of ECs can be found within the capillaries of a single organ. Molecular tools that enable selective vascular targeting are helpful to experimentally dissect the role of distinct EC populations, to improve molecular imaging and pave the way for novel treatment options for vascular diseases. This review provides an overview of endothelial diversity and highlights the most successful methods for selective targeting of distinct EC subpopulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan K. Hennigs
- ENDomics Lab, Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany;
| | - Christiane Matuszcak
- ENDomics Lab, Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany;
| | - Martin Trepel
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Augsburg, 86156 Augsburg, Germany;
| | - Jakob Körbelin
- ENDomics Lab, Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany;
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Kuwabara T, Ishikawa F, Ikeda M, Ide T, Kohwi-Shigematsu T, Tanaka Y, Kondo M. SATB1-dependent mitochondrial ROS production controls TCR signaling in CD4 T cells. Life Sci Alliance 2021; 4:4/11/e202101093. [PMID: 34583974 PMCID: PMC8500228 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202101093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
SATB1 regulates mitochondrial function and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production through the expression of mitochondrial transcription factor A. SATB1-mediated ROS production is necessary for TCR stimulation and T-cell function. Special AT-rich sequence binding protein-1 (SATB1) is localized to the nucleus and remodels chromatin structure in T cells. SATB1-deficient CD4 T cells cannot respond to TCR stimulation; however, the cause of this unresponsiveness is to be clarified. Here, we demonstrate that SATB1 is indispensable to proper mitochondrial functioning and necessary for the activation of signal cascades via the TCR in CD4 T cells. Naïve SATB1-deficient CD4 T cells contain fewer mitochondria than WT T cells, as the former do not express mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM). Impaired mitochondrial function in SATB1-deficient T cells subverts mitochondrial ROS production and SHP-1 inactivation by constitutive oxidization. Ectopic TFAM expression increases mitochondrial mass and mitochondrial ROS production and rescues defects in the antigen-specific response in the SATB1-deficient T cells. Thus, SATB1 is vital for maintaining mitochondrial mass and function by regulating TFAM expression, which is necessary for TCR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taku Kuwabara
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fumio Ishikawa
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Faculty of Health Sciences, Tsukuba International University, Tsuchiura, Japan
| | - Masataka Ikeda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tomomi Ide
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Terumi Kohwi-Shigematsu
- Department of Orofacial Science, University of California San Francisco School of Dentistry, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yuriko Tanaka
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Motonari Kondo
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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13
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BCG for the prevention and treatment of allergic asthma. Vaccine 2021; 39:7341-7352. [PMID: 34417052 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.07.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Allergic diseases, in particular atopic asthma, have been on the rise in most industrialized countries for several decades now. Allergic asthma is characterized by airway narrowing, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, excessive airway mucus production, eosinophil influx in the lungs and an imbalance of the Th1/Th2 responses, including elevated IgE levels. Most available interventions provide only short-term relief from disease symptoms and do not alter the underlying immune imbalance. A number of studies, mostly in mouse models, have shown that Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) treatment is capable of preventing or reducing an established allergen-driven inflammatory response, by redirecting pathogenic Th2 towards protective Th1 and/or regulatory T cell responses. Dendritic cells stimulated by BCG appear to be a crucial first step in the immunomodulatory effects of BCG. While the protective and therapeutic effects of BCG against allergy and asthma are well documented in animal models, they are less clear in humans, both in observational studies and in randomized controlled trials. The purpose of this article is to provide an up-to-date overview of the available evidence on the anti-allergy, in particular anti-asthma effects of BCG in mice, rats and humans.
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14
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DeRogatis JM, Viramontes KM, Neubert EN, Tinoco R. PSGL-1 Immune Checkpoint Inhibition for CD4 + T Cell Cancer Immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2021; 12:636238. [PMID: 33708224 PMCID: PMC7940186 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.636238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibition targeting T cells has shown tremendous promise in the treatment of many cancer types and are now standard therapies for patients. While standard therapies have focused on PD-1 and CTLA-4 blockade, additional immune checkpoints have shown promise in promoting anti-tumor immunity. PSGL-1, primarily known for its role in cellular migration, has also been shown to function as a negative regulator of CD4+ T cells in numerous disease settings including cancer. PSGL-1 is highly expressed on T cells and can engage numerous ligands that impact signaling pathways, which may modulate CD4+ T cell differentiation and function. PSGL-1 engagement in the tumor microenvironment may promote CD4+ T cell exhaustion pathways that favor tumor growth. Here we highlight that blocking the PSGL-1 pathway on CD4+ T cells may represent a new cancer therapy approach to eradicate tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Roberto Tinoco
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
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15
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Jeyaraman M, Muthu S, Khanna M, Jain R, Anudeep TC, Muthukanagaraj P, Siddesh SE, Gulati A, Satish AS, Jeyaraman N, Khanna V. Platelet lysate for COVID-19 pneumonia-a newer adjunctive therapeutic avenue. Stem Cell Investig 2021; 8:11. [PMID: 34268440 PMCID: PMC8256133 DOI: 10.21037/sci-2020-042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The linchpin for COVID-19 pathogenesis is the severe inflammatory process in the respiratory tract wherein the accumulation of excessive cytokines paves the way for a series of systemic hemodynamic alterations and mortality. The mortality rate is higher in individuals with co-morbidities and advancing age. The absence of a specific therapy is responsible for this uncontrolled spread and the significant mortality. This renders potential insight for considering biologics as a plausible option to repair and regenerate the affected lung tissue and pulverize the causative organism. The plausible role of megakaryocytes against invading microbes was not clearly understood. Platelet lysate is an acellular product consisting of regenerative molecules released from a cluster of platelets. It attenuates the changes caused by immune reactions in allogenic utility with the introduction of growth factors, cytokines, and proteins at supraphysiologic levels and thereby serves as a regenerative immunomodulatory agent to combat COVID-19. This platelet lysate can be used in nebulized form for such acute respiratory distress conditions in COVID-19 elderly patients. Platelet lysate may emerge as a pivotal player provided investigations pace up in this context. Here, we discuss how the platelet lysate can plausibly perquisite to relegate COVID-19. Undertaking prospective randomized controlled trials to prove its efficacy is the need of the hour in this pandemic scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhan Jeyaraman
- Indian Stem Cell Study Group (ISCSG) Association, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Department of Orthopedics, School of Medical Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sathish Muthu
- Indian Stem Cell Study Group (ISCSG) Association, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Department of Orthopedics, Government Medical College & Hospital, Dindigul, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Manish Khanna
- Indian Stem Cell Study Group (ISCSG) Association, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Department of Orthopedics, Prasad Institute of Medical Science and Hospital, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rashmi Jain
- Indian Stem Cell Study Group (ISCSG) Association, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
- School of Medical Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Talagavadi Channaiah Anudeep
- Indian Stem Cell Study Group (ISCSG) Association, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Topiwala National Medical College and BYL Nair Ch. Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Purushothaman Muthukanagaraj
- Department of Internal Medicine & Psychiatry, SUNY-Upstate Binghamton Clinical Campus, Binghamton, New York, USA
| | | | - Arun Gulati
- Indian Stem Cell Study Group (ISCSG) Association, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Department of Orthopedics, Kalpana Chawla Government Medical College & Hospital, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | | | - Naveen Jeyaraman
- Indian Stem Cell Study Group (ISCSG) Association, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Department of Orthopedics, Kasturba Medical College, MAHE Unievrsity, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Venus Khanna
- Indian Stem Cell Study Group (ISCSG) Association, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Department of Pathology, Prasad Institute of Medical Science and Hospital, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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16
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Eskandari SK, Sulkaj I, Melo MB, Li N, Allos H, Alhaddad JB, Kollar B, Borges TJ, Eskandari AS, Zinter MA, Cai S, Assaker JP, Choi JY, Al Dulaijan BS, Mansouri A, Haik Y, Tannous BA, van Son WJ, Leuvenink HGD, Pomahac B, Riella LV, Tang L, Seelen MAJ, Irvine DJ, Azzi JR. Regulatory T cells engineered with TCR signaling-responsive IL-2 nanogels suppress alloimmunity in sites of antigen encounter. Sci Transl Med 2020; 12:eaaw4744. [PMID: 33177180 PMCID: PMC8519505 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaw4744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Adoptive cell transfer of ex vivo expanded regulatory T cells (Tregs) has shown immense potential in animal models of auto- and alloimmunity. However, the effective translation of such Treg therapies to the clinic has been slow. Because Treg homeostasis is known to require continuous T cell receptor (TCR) ligation and exogenous interleukin-2 (IL-2), some investigators have explored the use of low-dose IL-2 injections to increase endogenous Treg responses. Systemic IL-2 immunotherapy, however, can also lead to the activation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes and natural killer cells, causing adverse therapeutic outcomes. Here, we describe a drug delivery platform, which can be engineered to autostimulate Tregs with IL-2 in response to TCR-dependent activation, and thus activate these cells in sites of antigen encounter. To this end, protein nanogels (NGs) were synthesized with cleavable bis(N-hydroxysuccinimide) cross-linkers and IL-2/Fc fusion (IL-2) proteins to form particles that release IL-2 under reducing conditions, as found at the surface of T cells receiving stimulation through the TCR. Tregs surface-conjugated with IL-2 NGs were found to have preferential, allograft-protective effects relative to unmodified Tregs or Tregs stimulated with systemic IL-2. We demonstrate that murine and human NG-modified Tregs carrying an IL-2 cargo perform better than conventional Tregs in suppressing alloimmunity in murine and humanized mouse allotransplantation models. In all, the technology presented in this study has the potential to improve Treg transfer therapy by enabling the regulated spatiotemporal provision of IL-2 to antigen-primed Tregs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siawosh K Eskandari
- Transplantation Research Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Division of Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Ina Sulkaj
- Transplantation Research Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Mariane B Melo
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Na Li
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Hazim Allos
- Transplantation Research Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Juliano B Alhaddad
- Transplantation Research Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Branislav Kollar
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Thiago J Borges
- Transplantation Research Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Arach S Eskandari
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CD Delft, Netherlands
| | - Max A Zinter
- Experimental Therapeutics and Molecular Imaging Unit, Department of Neurology, Neuro-Oncology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA
| | - Songjie Cai
- Transplantation Research Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jean Pierre Assaker
- Transplantation Research Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - John Y Choi
- Transplantation Research Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Basmah S Al Dulaijan
- Transplantation Research Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Amr Mansouri
- Transplantation Research Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yousef Haik
- Transplantation Research Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Bakhos A Tannous
- Experimental Therapeutics and Molecular Imaging Unit, Department of Neurology, Neuro-Oncology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA
| | - Willem J van Son
- Division of Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Henri G D Leuvenink
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Bohdan Pomahac
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Leonardo V Riella
- Transplantation Research Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Li Tang
- Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marc A J Seelen
- Division of Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Darrell J Irvine
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Jamil R Azzi
- Transplantation Research Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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17
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Suphaphiphat K, Bernard-Stoecklin S, Gommet C, Delache B, Dereuddre-Bosquet N, Kent SJ, Wines BD, Hogarth PM, Le Grand R, Cavarelli M. Innate and Adaptive Anti-SIV Responses in Macaque Semen: Implications for Infectivity and Risk of Transmission. Front Immunol 2020; 11:850. [PMID: 32528466 PMCID: PMC7247827 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV-1 infection is transmitted primarily by sexual exposure, with semen being the principal contaminated fluid. However, HIV-specific immune response in semen has been understudied. We investigated specific parameters of the innate, cellular, and humoral immune response that may affect semen infectivity in macaques infected with SIVmac251. Serial semen levels of cytokines and chemokines, SIV-specific antibodies, neutralization, and FcγR-mediated functions and SIV-specific T-cell responses were assessed and compared to systemic responses across 53 cynomolgus macaques. SIV infection induced an overall inflammatory state in the semen. Several pro-inflammatory molecules correlated with SIV virus levels. Effector CD8+ T cells were expanded in semen upon infection. SIV-specific CD8+ T-cells that expressed multiple effector molecules (IFN-γ+MIP-1β+TNF+/−) were induced in the semen of a subset of SIV-infected macaques, but this did not correlate with local viral control. SIV-specific IgG, commonly capable of engaging the FcγRIIIa receptor, was detected in most semen samples although this positively correlated with seminal viral load. Several inflammatory immune responses in semen develop in the context of higher levels of SIV seminal plasma viremia. These inflammatory immune responses could play a role in viral transmission and should be considered in the development of preventive and prophylactic vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karunasinee Suphaphiphat
- CEA-Université Paris Sud-INSERM U1184, "Immunology of Viral Infections and Auto-Immune Diseases", IDMIT Department, IBFJ, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Sibylle Bernard-Stoecklin
- CEA-Université Paris Sud-INSERM U1184, "Immunology of Viral Infections and Auto-Immune Diseases", IDMIT Department, IBFJ, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Céline Gommet
- CEA-Université Paris Sud-INSERM U1184, "Immunology of Viral Infections and Auto-Immune Diseases", IDMIT Department, IBFJ, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Benoit Delache
- CEA-Université Paris Sud-INSERM U1184, "Immunology of Viral Infections and Auto-Immune Diseases", IDMIT Department, IBFJ, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Nathalie Dereuddre-Bosquet
- CEA-Université Paris Sud-INSERM U1184, "Immunology of Viral Infections and Auto-Immune Diseases", IDMIT Department, IBFJ, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Stephen J Kent
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Melbourne Sexual Health Centre and Department of Infectious Diseases, Alfred Hospital and Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,ARC Centre for Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Bruce D Wines
- Immune Therapies Group, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Clinical Pathology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - P Mark Hogarth
- Immune Therapies Group, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Clinical Pathology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Roger Le Grand
- CEA-Université Paris Sud-INSERM U1184, "Immunology of Viral Infections and Auto-Immune Diseases", IDMIT Department, IBFJ, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Mariangela Cavarelli
- CEA-Université Paris Sud-INSERM U1184, "Immunology of Viral Infections and Auto-Immune Diseases", IDMIT Department, IBFJ, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
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18
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Pritchard GH, Kedl RM, Hunter CA. The evolving role of T-bet in resistance to infection. Nat Rev Immunol 2020; 19:398-410. [PMID: 30846856 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-019-0145-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The identification of T-bet as a key transcription factor associated with the development of IFNγ-producing CD4+ T cells predicted a crucial role for T-bet in cell-mediated immunity and in resistance to many intracellular infections. This idea was reinforced by initial reports showing that T-bet-deficient mice were more susceptible to pathogens that survived within the lysosomal system of macrophages. However, subsequent studies revealed IFNγ-dependent, T-bet-independent pathways of resistance to diverse classes of microorganisms that occupy other intracellular niches. Consequently, a more complex picture has emerged of how T-bet and the related transcription factor eomesodermin (EOMES) coordinate many facets of the immune response to bona fide pathogens as well as commensals. This article provides an overview of the discovery and evolutionary relationship between T-bet and EOMES and highlights the studies that have uncovered broader functions of T-bet in innate and adaptive immunity and in the development of the effector and memory T cell populations that mediate long-term resistance to infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gretchen Harms Pritchard
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ross M Kedl
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Christopher A Hunter
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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19
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Fuertes-Martín R, Correig X, Vallvé JC, Amigó N. Title: Human Serum/Plasma Glycoprotein Analysis by 1H-NMR, an Emerging Method of Inflammatory Assessment. J Clin Med 2020; 9:E354. [PMID: 32012794 PMCID: PMC7073769 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9020354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies suggest that variations in the concentration of plasma glycoproteins can influence cellular changes in a large number of diseases. In recent years, proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) has played a major role as an analytical tool for serum and plasma samples. In recent years, there is an increasing interest in the characterization of glycoproteins through 1H-NMR in order to search for reliable and robust biomarkers of disease. The objective of this review was to examine the existing studies in the literature related to the study of glycoproteins from an analytical and clinical point of view. There are currently several techniques to characterize circulating glycoproteins in serum or plasma, but in this review, we focus on 1H-NMR due to its great robustness and recent interest in its translation to the clinical setting. In fact, there is already a marker in H-NMR representing the acetyl groups of the glycoproteins, GlycA, which has been increasingly studied in clinical studies. A broad search of the literature was performed showing a general consensus that GlycA is a robust marker of systemic inflammation. The results also suggested that GlycA better captures systemic inflammation even more than C-reactive protein (CRP), a widely used classical inflammatory marker. The applications reviewed here demonstrated that GlycA was potentially a key biomarker in a wide range of diseases such as cancer, metabolic diseases, cardiovascular risk, and chronic inflammatory diseases among others. The profiling of glycoproteins through 1H-NMR launches an encouraging new paradigm for its future incorporation in clinical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Fuertes-Martín
- Biosfer Teslab SL, 43201 Reus, Spain; (R.F.-M.); (N.A.)
- Metabolomic s platform, IISPV, CIBERDEM, Rovira i Virgili University, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Xavier Correig
- Metabolomic s platform, IISPV, CIBERDEM, Rovira i Virgili University, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Joan-Carles Vallvé
- Metabolomic s platform, IISPV, CIBERDEM, Rovira i Virgili University, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Lipids and Arteriosclerosis Research Unit, Sant Joan de Reus University Hospital, 43201 Reus, Spain
| | - Núria Amigó
- Biosfer Teslab SL, 43201 Reus, Spain; (R.F.-M.); (N.A.)
- Metabolomic s platform, IISPV, CIBERDEM, Rovira i Virgili University, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
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20
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Inflammation research sails through the sea of immunology to reach immunometabolism. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 73:128-145. [PMID: 31096130 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation occurs as a result of acute trauma, invasion of the host by different pathogens, pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) or chronic cellular stress generating damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). Thus inflammation may occur under both sterile inflammatory conditions including certain cancers, autoimmune or autoinflammatory diseases (Rheumatic arthritis (RA)) and infectious diseases including sepsis, pneumonia-associated acute lung inflammation (ALI) or acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The pathogenesis of inflammation involves dysregulation of an otherwise protective immune response comprising of various innate and adaptive immune cells and humoral (cytokines and chemokines) mediators secreted by these immune cells upon the activation of signaling mechanisms regulated by the activation of different pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). However, the pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory action of these immune cells is determined by the metabolic stage of the immune cells. The metabolic process of immune cells is called immunometabolism and its shift determined by inflammatory stimuli is called immunometabolic reprogramming. The article focuses on the involvement of various immune cells generating the inflammation, their interaction, immunometabolic reprogramming, and the therapeutic targeting of the immunometabolism to manage inflammation.
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21
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Effector and Regulatory T Cells Roll at High Shear Stress by Inducible Tether and Sling Formation. Cell Rep 2019; 21:3885-3899. [PMID: 29281835 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.11.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The adaptive immune response involves T cell differentiation and migration to sites of inflammation. T cell trafficking is initiated by rolling on inflamed endothelium. Tethers and slings, discovered in neutrophils, facilitate cell rolling at high shear stress. Here, we demonstrate that the ability to form tethers and slings during rolling is highly inducible in T helper 1 (Th1), Th17, and regulatory T (Treg) cells but less in Th2 cells. In vivo, endogenous Treg cells rolled stably in cremaster venules at physiological shear stress. Quantitative dynamic footprinting nanoscopy of Th1, Th17, and Treg cells uncovered the formation of multiple tethers per cell. Human Th1 cells also showed tethers and slings. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) revealed the induction of cell migration and cytoskeletal genes in sling-forming cells. We conclude that differentiated CD4 T cells stabilize rolling by inducible tether and sling formation. These phenotypic changes approximate the adhesion phenotype of neutrophils and support CD4 T cell access to sites of inflammation.
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22
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Association of Platelet Binding to Lymphocytes with B Cell Abnormalities and Clinical Manifestations in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Mediators Inflamm 2019; 2019:2473164. [PMID: 30944545 PMCID: PMC6421767 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2473164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease associated with the polyclonal activation of B lymphocytes and the production of autoantibodies that cause immune complex-related inflammation. Immunological factors derived from platelets modulate B cell function in SLE disease. However, platelets do not only modify the immune system by soluble factors. The binding of platelets to lymphocytes can modulate immune response. Thus, we speculate that the binding of platelets to lymphocytes in SLE patients may play a role in abnormal B lymphocyte response and the pathogenesis of SLE. We observed that levels of lymphocytes with bound platelets were higher in SLE patients than in healthy donors (HD). In SLE patients, the percentage of B lymphocytes with bound platelets positively correlated with plasmatic levels of IgG, IgA, IL-10, and soluble CD40L and negatively correlated with IgM levels, though not in HD. Preswitched memory B lymphocytes were the subpopulation with more bound platelets. Lymphocytes with bound platelets from both HD and SLE patients had major levels of CD86 and BAFFR and a greater production of IL-10 than lymphocytes without bound platelets. However, only B lymphocytes with bound platelets from SLE patients had increased levels of IgG and IgA on their surface. SLE patients with a suggestive renal manifestation had the highest levels of B and T lymphocytes with bound platelets. These results suggest that the binding of platelets to lymphocytes plays a role in SLE disease and that controlling this binding may be a promising therapeutic approach.
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Changes of γδT cell subtypes during pregnancy and their influences in spontaneous abortion. J Reprod Immunol 2019; 131:57-62. [PMID: 30710888 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2019.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
A successful pregnancy is a complicated process that involves the precisely timed regulation of endocrine as well as immune system. Despite increasing knowledge about immunology in gestation, the studies of immune cells in endometrium and decidua are still fragmented. Dynamic data is lacking on the transition of pre-pregnancy endometrial lymphocytes to initial pregnancy states as well as to second/third-trimester status. Here, we determined the composition of Gamma delta (γδ) T cells in endometrium and decidua from women with normal pregnancy and unexplained spontaneous abortion. We found that the frequency of γδT cells is fluctuating over the course of pregnancy, and these changes were regulated by progesterone. Different from peripheral blood, Vδ1+ γδT cells accounted for the majority in endometrium and early-pregnancy decidua of healthy women, and endometrial stromal cells (ESCs) may involve in Vδ1/ Vδ2 shift directly. Moreover, an increase in the percentage of γδT cells with Vδ2 subset predominant in early-pregnancy decidua was associated with unexplained spontaneous abortion. Our results unraveled the precise timing of γδT cells occurring during pregnancy and the close relationship among endocrine, immune cells and pregnancy, which can further help understand and solve the problem of infertility and unexplained spontaneous abortion.
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Cao J, Zhang C, Han X, Cheng H, Chen W, Qi K, Qiao J, Sun Z, Wu Q, Zeng L, Niu M, Li L, Xu K. Emerging role of stem cell memory-like T cell in immune thrombocytopenia. Scand J Immunol 2019; 89:e12739. [PMID: 30506564 DOI: 10.1111/sji.12739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Cao
- Department of Hematology; The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University; Xuzhou China
| | - Changxiao Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology; Xuzhou City Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Xuzhou China
| | - Xiao Han
- Department of Hematology; The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University; Xuzhou China
| | - Hai Cheng
- Department of Hematology; The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University; Xuzhou China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Hematology; The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University; Xuzhou China
| | - Kunming Qi
- Department of Hematology; The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University; Xuzhou China
| | - Jianlin Qiao
- Jiangsu Bone Marrow Stem Cell Institute; Xuzhou China
| | - Zengtian Sun
- Jiangsu Bone Marrow Stem Cell Institute; Xuzhou China
| | - Qingyun Wu
- Jiangsu Bone Marrow Stem Cell Institute; Xuzhou China
| | - Lingyu Zeng
- Jiangsu Bone Marrow Stem Cell Institute; Xuzhou China
| | - Mingshan Niu
- Jiangsu Bone Marrow Stem Cell Institute; Xuzhou China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Gastroenterology; The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University; Xuzhou China
| | - Kailin Xu
- Department of Hematology; The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University; Xuzhou China
- Jiangsu Bone Marrow Stem Cell Institute; Xuzhou China
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Akeus P, Szeponik L, Ahlmanner F, Sundström P, Alsén S, Gustavsson B, Sparwasser T, Raghavan S, Quiding-Järbrink M. Regulatory T cells control endothelial chemokine production and migration of T cells into intestinal tumors of APC min/+ mice. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2018; 67:1067-1077. [PMID: 29671006 PMCID: PMC6006230 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-018-2161-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes are crucial for anti-tumor immunity. We have previously shown that regulatory T cells (Treg) are able to reduce T-cell transendothelial migration in vitro and accumulation of effector T cells in intestinal tumors in vivo. Treg depletion also resulted in increased levels of the chemokines CXCL9 and CXCL10 specifically in the tumors. In this study, we investigated the mechanisms for Treg mediated suppression of T-cell migration into intestinal tumors in the APCmin/+ mouse model. By breeding APCmin/+ mice with DEREG mice, which harbour a high affinity diphtheria toxin receptor under the control of the FOXP3 promoter, we were able to deplete Treg in tumor-bearing mice. Using adoptive transfer experiments, we could document a markedly increased migration of T cells specifically into Treg depleted tumors, and that Treg depletion results in increased production of the CXCR3 ligand CXCL10 from endothelial cells in the tumors. Furthermore, we were able to demonstrate that T cells use CXCR3 to migrate into intestinal tumors. In addition, human colon adenocarcinomas express high levels of mRNA CXCR3 ligands and tumor endothelial cells produce CXCL9 and CXCL10 ex vivo. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that Treg reduce endothelial CXCL10 production, inhibit T-cell migration into tumors and that CXCR3 mediated signalling is crucial for lymphocyte accumulation in intestinal tumors. Thus, immunotherapy aimed at Treg depletion may be effective by increasing not only T effector cell activity, but also their accumulation in tumors.
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MESH Headings
- Adenocarcinoma/immunology
- Adenocarcinoma/metabolism
- Adenocarcinoma/pathology
- Animals
- Cell Movement
- Chemokine CXCL9/metabolism
- Colonic Neoplasms/immunology
- Colonic Neoplasms/metabolism
- Colonic Neoplasms/pathology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Endothelium, Vascular/immunology
- Endothelium, Vascular/metabolism
- Female
- Humans
- Intestinal Neoplasms/immunology
- Intestinal Neoplasms/metabolism
- Intestinal Neoplasms/pathology
- Lymphocyte Depletion
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/immunology
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/metabolism
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/pathology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Receptors, CXCR3/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/pathology
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Akeus
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 435, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Louis Szeponik
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 435, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Filip Ahlmanner
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 435, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Patrik Sundström
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 435, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Samuel Alsén
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 435, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Bengt Gustavsson
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Tim Sparwasser
- Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Institute of Infection Immunology, Twincore, Hanover, Germany
| | - Sukanya Raghavan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 435, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Marianne Quiding-Järbrink
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 435, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Lee CH, Zhang HH, Singh SP, Koo L, Kabat J, Tsang H, Singh TP, Farber JM. C/EBPδ drives interactions between human MAIT cells and endothelial cells that are important for extravasation. eLife 2018; 7:32532. [PMID: 29469805 PMCID: PMC5869018 DOI: 10.7554/elife.32532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Many mediators and regulators of extravasation by bona fide human memory-phenotype T cells remain undefined. Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are innate-like, antibacterial cells that we found excelled at crossing inflamed endothelium. They displayed abundant selectin ligands, with high expression of FUT7 and ST3GAL4, and expressed CCR6, CCR5, and CCR2, which played non-redundant roles in trafficking on activated endothelial cells. MAIT cells selectively expressed CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein delta (C/EBPδ). Knockdown of C/EBPδ diminished expression of FUT7, ST3GAL4 and CCR6, decreasing MAIT cell rolling and arrest, and consequently the cells' ability to cross an endothelial monolayer in vitro and extravasate in mice. Nonetheless, knockdown of C/EBPδ did not affect CCR2, which was important for the step of transendothelial migration. Thus, MAIT cells demonstrate a program for extravasastion that includes, in part, C/EBPδ and C/EBPδ-regulated genes, and that could be used to enhance, or targeted to inhibit T cell recruitment into inflamed tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Hoon Lee
- Inflammation Biology Section, Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Hongwei H Zhang
- Inflammation Biology Section, Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Satya P Singh
- Inflammation Biology Section, Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Lily Koo
- Biological Imaging Section, Research Technologies Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Juraj Kabat
- Biological Imaging Section, Research Technologies Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Hsinyi Tsang
- Inflammation Biology Section, Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Tej Pratap Singh
- Inflammation Biology Section, Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Joshua M Farber
- Inflammation Biology Section, Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
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Silva LM, Hirai KE, de Sousa JR, de Souza J, Dias LB, Carneiro FRO, Aarão TLDS, Fuzii HT, Quaresma JAS. NFκB transcription factor (p65) immunohistochemistry in leprosy dermal microvasculature. Microb Pathog 2017; 113:427-431. [PMID: 29170041 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2017] [Revised: 11/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Leprosy caused by Mycobacterium leprae is characterized by a spectrum of clinical manifestations that are determined by the predominant immunological profile of the host. The recruitment of leukocytes to the sites of injury can influence the development of these profiles. Cell adhesion molecules such as ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and CD62E participate in this process and their expression is regulated by transcriptions factors such as NFκB. To correlate the expression of cell adhesion molecules and NFκB (p65) in leprosy lesions, 30 skin biopsies of patients with leprosy [16 with the tuberculoid (TT) or borderline tuberculoid (BT) forms and 14 with the lepromatous (LL) or borderline lepromatous (BL) forms] were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. A larger mean number of cells expressing VCAM-1 (BT/TT: 18.28 ± 1.4; BL/LL: 10.67 ± 1.2; p = 0.0002), ICAM-1 (BT/TT: 9.92 ± 1.1; BL/LL: 5.87 ± 1.0; p = 0.0084) and CD62E (BT/TT: 13.0 ± 1.5; BL/LL: 2.58 ± 0.3; p = 0.0001) were observed in BT and TT lesions. The mean number of cells expressing NFκB was similar in the two clinical forms (BT/TT: 2.21 ± 2.7; BL/LL: 2.35 ± 3.1;p = 0.9285). No significant correlation was observed between expression of the transcription factor and adhesion molecules analyzed. The synthesis of ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and CD62E depends on the activation of NFκB, which acts synergistically with other transcription factors. Adequate activation of intracellular signaling pathways results in the production of endothelial adhesion molecules, contributing to the recruitment of cells to the site of injury and thus eliciting an effective inflammatory response in the elimination of the bacillus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Mota Silva
- Center of Biological and Health Science, State University of Para, Belem, Brazil
| | - Kelly Emi Hirai
- Center of Biological and Health Science, State University of Para, Belem, Brazil
| | | | - Juarez de Souza
- Center of Biological and Health Science, State University of Para, Belem, Brazil
| | - Leônidas Braga Dias
- Center of Biological and Health Science, State University of Para, Belem, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Juarez Antonio Simões Quaresma
- Center of Biological and Health Science, State University of Para, Belem, Brazil; Tropical Medicine Center, Federal do Para University, Belem, Brazil.
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Gut memories do not fade: epigenetic regulation of lasting gut homing receptor expression in CD4 + memory T cells. Mucosal Immunol 2017; 10:1443-1454. [PMID: 28198363 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2017.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The concept of a "topographical memory" in lymphocytes implies a stable expression of homing receptors mediating trafficking of lymphocytes back to the tissue of initial activation. However, a significant plasticity of the gut-homing receptor α4β7 was found in CD8+ T cells, questioning the concept. We now demonstrate that α4β7 expression in murine CD4+ memory T cells is, in contrast, imprinted and remains stable in the absence of the inducing factor retinoic acid (RA) or other stimuli from mucosal environments. Repetitive rounds of RA treatment enhanced the stability of de novo induced α4β7. A novel enhancer element in the murine Itga4 locus was identified that showed, correlating to stability, selective DNA demethylation in mucosa-seeking memory cells and methylation-dependent transcriptional activity in a reporter gene assay. This implies that epigenetic mechanisms contribute to the stabilization of α4β7 expression. Analogous DNA methylation patterns could be observed in the human ITGA4 locus, suggesting that its epigenetic regulation is conserved between mice and men. These data prove that mucosa-specific homing mediated by α4β7 is imprinted in CD4+ memory T cells, reinstating the validity of the concept of "topographical memory" for mucosal tissues, and imply a critical role of epigenetic mechanisms.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW We review P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1) as a selectin and chemokine-binding adhesion molecule. PSGL-1 is widely studied in neutrophils. Here, we focus on T cells, because PSGL-1 was recently described as a major immunomodulatory molecule during viral infection. PSGL-1 also plays a crucial role in T-cell homeostasis by binding to lymphoid chemokines, and can induce tolerance by enhancing the functions of regulatory T cells. RECENT FINDINGS PSGL-1 was originally described as a leukocyte ligand for P-selectin, but it is actually a ligand for all selectins (P-, L- and E-selectin), binds chemokines, activates integrins and profoundly affects T-cell biology. It has been shown recently that PSGL-1 can modulate T cells during viral infection by acting as a negative regulator for T-cell functions. Absence of PSGL-1 promotes effector CD4 and CD8 T-cell differentiation and prevents T-cell exhaustion. Consistent with this, tumor growth was significantly reduced in PSGL-1-deficient mice because of an enhanced number of effector T cells together with reduced levels of inhibitory receptors that induce T-cell exhaustion. SUMMARY PSGL-1 is the best-studied selectin ligand and has become a posterchild of versatility in leukocyte adhesion, inflammation and immunology. The direct involvement of PSGL-1 in T-cell biology suggests that it might be a drug target. Indeed, PSGL-1 has been tested in some clinical trials and recently, PSGL-1 blockers were proposed as a potential cotherapy in cancer immunotherapy.
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Contursi A, Sacco A, Grande R, Dovizio M, Patrignani P. Platelets as crucial partners for tumor metastasis: from mechanistic aspects to pharmacological targeting. Cell Mol Life Sci 2017; 74:3491-3507. [PMID: 28488110 PMCID: PMC11107532 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2536-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Platelets are anucleated cells that circulate in the blood as sentinels of tissue integrity. In fact, they are rich in a plethora of proteins and other factors stored in different granules which they selectively release upon stimulation. Moreover, platelets synthesize a vast number of lipids and release various types of vesicles, including exosomes which are rich in genetic material. Platelets possess a central function to interact with other cell types, including inflammatory cells and cancer cells. Recent findings have enlightened the capacity of platelets to induce changes in the phenotype of cancer cells which acquire invasiveness thus enhancing their metastatic potential. Thus, it has been hypothesized that targeting the platelet may represent a novel strategy to prevent the development and progression of cancer. This is supported by the efficacy of the antiplatelet agent low-dose aspirin. Studies are ongoing to verify whether other antiplatelet agents share the anticancer effectiveness of aspirin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Contursi
- Section of Cardiovascular and Pharmacological Sciences, Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Science, and CeSI-MeT (Centro Scienze dell' Invecchiamento e Medicina Traslazionale), "G. d'Annunzio" University, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Angela Sacco
- Section of Cardiovascular and Pharmacological Sciences, Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Science, and CeSI-MeT (Centro Scienze dell' Invecchiamento e Medicina Traslazionale), "G. d'Annunzio" University, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Rosalia Grande
- Section of Cardiovascular and Pharmacological Sciences, Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Science, and CeSI-MeT (Centro Scienze dell' Invecchiamento e Medicina Traslazionale), "G. d'Annunzio" University, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Melania Dovizio
- Section of Cardiovascular and Pharmacological Sciences, Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Science, and CeSI-MeT (Centro Scienze dell' Invecchiamento e Medicina Traslazionale), "G. d'Annunzio" University, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Paola Patrignani
- Section of Cardiovascular and Pharmacological Sciences, Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Science, and CeSI-MeT (Centro Scienze dell' Invecchiamento e Medicina Traslazionale), "G. d'Annunzio" University, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy.
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31
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γδ T cells in homeostasis and host defence of epithelial barrier tissues. Nat Rev Immunol 2017; 17:733-745. [PMID: 28920588 DOI: 10.1038/nri.2017.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 323] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial surfaces line the body and provide a crucial interface between the body and the external environment. Tissue-resident epithelial γδ T cells represent a major T cell population in the epithelial tissues and are ideally positioned to carry out barrier surveillance and aid in tissue homeostasis and repair. In this Review, we focus on the intraepithelial γδ T cell compartment of the two largest epithelial tissues in the body - namely, the epidermis and the intestine - and provide a comprehensive overview of the crucial contributions of intraepithelial γδ T cells to tissue integrity and repair, host homeostasis and protection in the context of the symbiotic relationship with the microbiome and during pathogen clearance. Finally, we describe epithelium-specific butyrophilin-like molecules and briefly review their emerging role in selectively shaping and regulating epidermal and intestinal γδ T cell repertoires.
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Nuclear carbonic anhydrase 6B associates with PRMT5 to epigenetically promote IL-12 expression in innate response. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:8620-8625. [PMID: 28739930 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1700917114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-12 (IL-12) is critical for induction of protective immunity against intracellular bacterial infection. However, the mechanisms for efficient induction of IL-12 in innate response remain poorly understood. Here we report that the B type of carbonic anhydrase 6 (Car6-b, which encoded CA-VI B) is essential for host defense against Listeria monocytogenes (LM) infection by epigenetically promoting IL-12 expression independent of its carbonic anhydrase activity. Deficiency of Car6-b attenuated IL-12 production upon LM infection both in vitro and in vivo. Car6-/- mice were more susceptible to LM infection with less production of IL-12. Mechanistically, the nuclear localized CA-VI B selectively promotes IL-12 expression by interaction with protein arginine N-methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5), which reduces symmetric dimethylation of histone H3 arginine 8 modification (H3R8me2s) at Il12 promoters to facilitate chromatin accessibility, selectively enhancing c-Rel binding to the Il12b promoter. Our findings add insights to the epigenetic regulation of IL-12 induction in innate immunity.
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Sackstein R, Schatton T, Barthel SR. T-lymphocyte homing: an underappreciated yet critical hurdle for successful cancer immunotherapy. J Transl Med 2017; 97:669-697. [PMID: 28346400 PMCID: PMC5446300 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2017.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Revised: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in cancer immunotherapy have offered new hope for patients with metastatic disease. This unfolding success story has been exemplified by a growing arsenal of novel immunotherapeutics, including blocking antibodies targeting immune checkpoint pathways, cancer vaccines, and adoptive cell therapy (ACT). Nonetheless, clinical benefit remains highly variable and patient-specific, in part, because all immunotherapeutic regimens vitally hinge on the capacity of endogenous and/or adoptively transferred T-effector (Teff) cells, including chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells, to home efficiently into tumor target tissue. Thus, defects intrinsic to the multi-step T-cell homing cascade have become an obvious, though significantly underappreciated contributor to immunotherapy resistance. Conspicuous have been low intralesional frequencies of tumor-infiltrating T-lymphocytes (TILs) below clinically beneficial threshold levels, and peripheral rather than deep lesional TIL infiltration. Therefore, a Teff cell 'homing deficit' may arguably represent a dominant factor responsible for ineffective immunotherapeutic outcomes, as tumors resistant to immune-targeted killing thrive in such permissive, immune-vacuous microenvironments. Fortunately, emerging data is shedding light into the diverse mechanisms of immune escape by which tumors restrict Teff cell trafficking and lesional penetrance. In this review, we scrutinize evolving knowledge on the molecular determinants of Teff cell navigation into tumors. By integrating recently described, though sporadic information of pivotal adhesive and chemokine homing signatures within the tumor microenvironment with better established paradigms of T-cell trafficking under homeostatic or infectious disease scenarios, we seek to refine currently incomplete models of Teff cell entry into tumor tissue. We further summarize how cancers thwart homing to escape immune-mediated destruction and raise awareness of the potential impact of immune checkpoint blockers on Teff cell homing. Finally, we speculate on innovative therapeutic opportunities for augmenting Teff cell homing capabilities to improve immunotherapy-based tumor eradication in cancer patients, with special focus on malignant melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Sackstein
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA,Department of Medicine, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA,Harvard Skin Disease Research Center, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA,Program of Excellence in Glycosciences, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Rm 671, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Tobias Schatton
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA,Harvard Skin Disease Research Center, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA,Department of Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Steven R. Barthel
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA,Harvard Skin Disease Research Center, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA,Correspondence to: Dr. Steven R. Barthel, Harvard Institutes of Medicine, Rm. 673B, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115;
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34
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Hobbs SJ, Nolz JC. Regulation of T Cell Trafficking by Enzymatic Synthesis of O-Glycans. Front Immunol 2017; 8:600. [PMID: 28596771 PMCID: PMC5442166 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Selectins constitute a family of oligosaccharide binding proteins that play critical roles in regulating the trafficking of leukocytes. In T cells, L-selectin (CD62L) controls the capacity for naive and memory T cells to actively survey peripheral lymph nodes, whereas P- and E-selectin capture activated T cells on inflamed vascular endothelium to initiate extravasation into non-lymphoid tissues. The capacity for T cells to interact with all of these selectins is dependent on the enzymatic synthesis of complex O-glycans, and thus, this protein modification plays an indispensable role in regulating the distribution and homing of both naive and previously activated T cells in vivo. In contrast to neutrophils, O-glycan synthesis is highly dynamic in T cell populations and is largely controlled by extracellular stimuli such as antigen recognition or signaling though cytokine receptors. Herein, we review the basic principles of enzymatic synthesis of complex O-glycans, discuss tools and reagents for studying this type of protein modification and highlight our current understanding of how O-glycan synthesis is regulated and subsequently impacts the trafficking potential of diverse T cell populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel J Hobbs
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Jeffrey C Nolz
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States.,Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States.,Department of Radiation Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
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IL-27R signaling controls myeloid cells accumulation and antigen-presentation in atherosclerosis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:2255. [PMID: 28536468 PMCID: PMC5442117 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-01828-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Myeloid cells, key players in atherosclerosis, take up and present antigens, leading to systemic and local T cell activation. The recruitment and activation of immune cells to the aorta in atherosclerosis is regulated by adhesion molecules, chemokines and cytokines. IL-27R is an immunoregulatory signaling nod in autoimmune and infectious pathologies. IL-27R was shown to suppress T cells activation in atherosclerosis, however it’s possible role in myeloid cell accumulation and activation is not understood. Here we demonstrate that Apoe−/−Il27ra−/− mice fed with “Western Diet” for 7 or 18 weeks developed significantly more atherosclerosis compared to Apoe−/−Il27ra+/− controls. Accelerated disease was driven by enhanced expression of adhesion molecules and chemokines causing the accumulation of immune cells. Myeloid cells produced more inflammatory cytokines and upregulated MHCII. Multiphoton microscopy revealed more efficient interactions between aortic myeloid cells and CD4+ T cells. Overall, we show that IL-27R signaling controls endothelial cells activation and myeloid cell recruitment at early and advanced stages of atherosclerosis. In the absence of IL-27R myeloid cells become hyperactivated, produce pro-inflammatory cytokines and act as more potent antigen presenting cells. Enhanced interactions between Il27ra−/− APC and CD4+ T cells in the aortic wall contribute to T cells re-activation and pro-atherogenic cytokine production.
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36
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Thiriot A, Perdomo C, Cheng G, Novitzky-Basso I, McArdle S, Kishimoto JK, Barreiro O, Mazo I, Triboulet R, Ley K, Rot A, von Andrian UH. Differential DARC/ACKR1 expression distinguishes venular from non-venular endothelial cells in murine tissues. BMC Biol 2017; 15:45. [PMID: 28526034 PMCID: PMC5438556 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-017-0381-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intravascular leukocyte recruitment in most vertebrate tissues is restricted to postcapillary and collecting venules, whereas capillaries and arterioles usually support little or no leukocyte adhesion. This segmental restriction is thought to be mediated by endothelial, rather than hemodynamic, differences. The underlying mechanisms are largely unknown, in part because effective tools to distinguish, isolate, and analyze venular endothelial cells (V-ECs) and non-venular endothelial cells (NV-ECs) have been unavailable. We hypothesized that the atypical chemokine receptor DARC (Duffy Antigen Receptor for Chemokines, a.k.a. ACKR1 or CD234) may distinguish V-ECs versus NV-ECs in mice. METHODS We generated a rat-anti-mouse monoclonal antibody (MAb) that specifically recognizes the erythroid and endothelial forms of native, surface-expressed DARC. Using this reagent, we characterized DARC expression and distribution in the microvasculature of murine tissues. RESULTS DARC was exquisitely restricted to post-capillary and small collecting venules and completely absent from arteries, arterioles, capillaries, veins, and most lymphatics in every tissue analyzed. Accordingly, intravital microscopy showed that adhesive leukocyte-endothelial interactions were restricted to DARC+ venules. DARC was detectable over the entire circumference of V-ECs, but was more concentrated at cell-cell junctions. Analysis of single-cell suspensions suggested that the frequency of V-ECs among the total microvascular EC pool varies considerably between different tissues. CONCLUSIONS Immunostaining of endothelial DARC allows the identification and isolation of intact V-ECs from multiple murine tissues. This strategy may be useful to dissect the mechanisms underlying segmental microvascular specialization in healthy and diseased tissues and to characterize the role of EC subsets in tissue-homeostasis, immune surveillance, infection, inflammation, and malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aude Thiriot
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology & HMS Center for Immune Imaging, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- The Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Carolina Perdomo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology & HMS Center for Immune Imaging, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- The Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Guiying Cheng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology & HMS Center for Immune Imaging, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- The Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Igor Novitzky-Basso
- Center for Immunology and Infection, Department of Biology, University of York, YO10 5DD, Heslington, York, UK
- Present address: Blood and Marrow Transplant Unit, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, UK
| | - Sara McArdle
- Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jamie K Kishimoto
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology & HMS Center for Immune Imaging, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- The Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Olga Barreiro
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology & HMS Center for Immune Imaging, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- The Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Irina Mazo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology & HMS Center for Immune Imaging, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- The Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | | | - Klaus Ley
- Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Antal Rot
- Center for Immunology and Infection, Department of Biology, University of York, YO10 5DD, Heslington, York, UK
| | - Ulrich H von Andrian
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology & HMS Center for Immune Imaging, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- The Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
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Effector and Regulatory T Cell Trafficking in Corneal Allograft Rejection. Mediators Inflamm 2017; 2017:8670280. [PMID: 28539707 PMCID: PMC5429952 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8670280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Corneal transplantation is among the most prevalent and successful forms of solid tissue transplantation in humans. Failure of corneal allograft is mainly due to immune-mediated destruction of the graft, a complex and highly coordinated process that involves elaborate interactions between cells of innate and adaptive immunity. The migration of immune cells to regional lymphoid tissues and to the site of graft plays a central role in the immunopathogenesis of graft rejection. Intricate interactions between adhesion molecules and their counter receptors on immune cells in conjunction with tissue-specific chemokines guide the trafficking of these cells to the draining lymph nodes and ultimately to the site of graft. In this review, we discuss the cascade of chemokines and adhesion molecules that mediate the trafficking of effector and regulatory T cells during corneal allograft rejection.
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38
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Establishment and function of tissue-resident innate lymphoid cells in the skin. Protein Cell 2017; 8:489-500. [PMID: 28271445 PMCID: PMC5498338 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-017-0388-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are a newly classified family of immune cells of the lymphoid lineage. While they could be found in both lymphoid organs and non-lymphoid tissues, ILCs are preferentially enriched in barrier tissues such as the skin, intestine, and lung where they could play important roles in maintenance of tissue integrity and function and protection against assaults of foreign agents. On the other hand, dysregulated activation of ILCs could contribute to tissue inflammatory diseases. In spite of recent progress towards understanding roles of ILCs in the health and disease, mechanisms regulating specific establishment, activation, and function of ILCs in barrier tissues are still poorly understood. We herein review the up-to-date understanding of tissue-specific relevance of ILCs. Particularly we will focus on resident ILCs of the skin, the outmost barrier tissue critical in protection against various foreign hazardous agents and maintenance of thermal and water balance. In addition, we will discuss remaining outstanding questions yet to be addressed.
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Zamora C, Cantó E, Nieto JC, Bardina J, Diaz-Torné C, Moya P, Magallares B, Ortiz MA, Julià G, Juarez C, Llobet JM, Vidal S. Binding of Platelets to Lymphocytes: A Potential Anti-Inflammatory Therapy in Rheumatoid Arthritis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 198:3099-3108. [PMID: 28250158 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Soluble factors released from platelets can modulate the immune response of leukocytes. We and others have recently found that T lymphocytes with bound platelets have reduced proliferation and IFN-γ and IL-17 production. Thus, we speculate that if we induce the binding of platelets to lymphocytes, we will be able to regulate the inflammatory response. When we cocultured platelets with lymphocytes at different ratios, we were able to increase the percentage of lymphocytes with bound platelets. The coculture of platelets with lymphocytes in the presence of stimulation decreased the production of IFN-γ and TNF-α, T cell proliferation, and the expression of CD25, PD-L1, and SLAM. However, this coculture increased CD39 expression. All of these effects were dependent on the dose of platelets and operated indistinctly with platelets from different healthy donors. When platelets were cocultured in the same compartment with lymphocytes, we observed less IFN-γ and TNF-α production and T lymphocyte proliferation than in cultures with platelets separated from lymphocytes by a 0.4-μm pore size filter. The binding of platelets to lymphocytes was blocked with anti-P-selectin Abs, and when this occurred we observed higher IFN-γ and TNF-α production than in nonblocked conditions. The cocultures of platelets with synovial fluid cells from rheumatoid arthritis patients reduced inflammatory cytokine production and increased IL-10 production. These results suggest that platelet binding to lymphocytes effectively regulates T lymphocyte function. This mechanism could be easily applied to reduce inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Zamora
- Departament Immunologia, Institut Recerca Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, 08025 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Elisabet Cantó
- Departament Immunologia, Institut Recerca Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, 08025 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan C Nieto
- Departament Immunologia, Institut Recerca Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, 08025 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jorge Bardina
- Departament Immunologia, Institut Recerca Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, 08025 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cesar Diaz-Torné
- Departament Immunologia, Institut Recerca Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, 08025 Barcelona, Spain.,Unitat Reumatologia, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, 08026 Barcelona, Spain; and
| | - Patricia Moya
- Unitat Reumatologia, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, 08026 Barcelona, Spain; and
| | - Berta Magallares
- Unitat Reumatologia, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, 08026 Barcelona, Spain; and
| | - M Angels Ortiz
- Departament Immunologia, Institut Recerca Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, 08025 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Germà Julià
- Departament Immunologia, Institut Recerca Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, 08025 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Candido Juarez
- Departament Immunologia, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, 08026 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep M Llobet
- Unitat Reumatologia, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, 08026 Barcelona, Spain; and
| | - Silvia Vidal
- Departament Immunologia, Institut Recerca Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, 08025 Barcelona, Spain;
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Ebel ME, Kansas GS. Functions of Smad Transcription Factors in TGF-β1-Induced Selectin Ligand Expression on Murine CD4 Th Cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 197:2627-34. [PMID: 27543612 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1600723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Selectins are carbohydrate-binding adhesion molecules that control leukocyte traffic. Induction of selectin ligands on T cells is controlled primarily by cytokines, including TGF-β1, and requires p38α MAPK, but transcriptional mechanisms that underlie cytokine-driven selectin ligand expression are poorly understood. In this study, we show, using mice with conditional deletions of the TGF-β1-responsive transcription factors Smad2, Smad3, or Smad4, that induction of selectin ligands on CD4 cells in response to TGF-β1 requires Smad4 plus either Smad2 or Smad3. Analysis of CD4 cells from mice with only one functional Smad4 allele revealed a sharp gene dosage effect, suggesting the existence of a threshold of TGF-β1 signal strength required for selectin ligand induction. Both Smad4 plus either Smad2 or Smad3 were selectively required for induction of Fut7 and Gcnt1, glycosyltransferases critical for selectin ligand biosynthesis, but they were not required for St3gal4 or St3gal6 induction. Smad4 plus either Smad2 or Smad3 were also required for induction of Runx transcription factors by TGF-β1. Enforced expression of Runx2, but not Runx1 or Runx3, in Smad2/Smad3 doubly deficient CD4 cells restored selectin ligand expression to wild-type levels. In contrast, enforced expression of Runx1, Runx2, or Runx3 failed to restore differentiation of TGF-β1-dependent Th cell lineages, including Th17, Th9, and induced regulatory T cells. These results show that Smads are directly required for Th cell differentiation independent of Runx induction but only indirectly required via Runx2 for TGF-β1-induced selectin ligand induction on murine CD4 T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark E Ebel
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Geoffrey S Kansas
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Immune rejection continues to threaten all tissue transplants. Here we sought to determine whether platelet (P)- and endothelial (E)-selectin mediate T cell recruitment in corneal transplantation and whether their blockade can reduce T cell graft infiltration and improve long-term corneal allograft survival. METHODS In a murine model of allogeneic corneal transplantation, we used PCR and immunohistochemistry to investigate expression of P- and E-selectin in rejected versus accepted allografts and lymph node flow cytometry to assess expression of selectin ligands by effector T cells. Using P- and E-selectin neutralizing antibodies, we evaluated the effect of blockade on CD4 T cell recruitment, as well as the effect of anti-E-selectin on long-term allograft survival. RESULTS The P- (93.3-fold, P < 0.05) and E-selectin (17.1-fold, P < 0.005) are upregulated in rejected versus accepted allogeneic transplants. Type 1 T helper cells from hosts with accepted and rejected grafts express high levels of P-selectin glycoprotein ligand 1 and glycosylated CD43. In vivo blockade of P (0.47 ± 0.03, P < 0.05) and E selectin (0.49 ± 0.1, P < 0.05) reduced the number of recruited T cells compared with IgG control (0.98 ± 0.1). Anti-E-selectin reduced the number of mature antigen-presenting cells trafficking to lymphoid tissue compared with control (6.96 ± 0.9 vs 12.67 ± 0.5, P < 0.05). Anti-E-selectin treatment delayed graft rejection and increased survival compared with control, although this difference did not reach statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS In a model of corneal transplantation, P- and E-selectin mediate T cell recruitment to the graft, E-selectin mediates APC trafficking to lymphoid tissue, and blockade of E-selectin has a modest effect on improving long-term graft survival.
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Mechanisms of disease: The human N-glycome. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2016; 1860:1574-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2015.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Revised: 10/03/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Xu XR, Zhang D, Oswald BE, Carrim N, Wang X, Hou Y, Zhang Q, Lavalle C, McKeown T, Marshall AH, Ni H. Platelets are versatile cells: New discoveries in hemostasis, thrombosis, immune responses, tumor metastasis and beyond. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2016; 53:409-30. [PMID: 27282765 DOI: 10.1080/10408363.2016.1200008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Platelets are small anucleate blood cells generated from megakaryocytes in the bone marrow and cleared in the reticuloendothelial system. At the site of vascular injury, platelet adhesion, activation and aggregation constitute the first wave of hemostasis. Blood coagulation, which is initiated by the intrinsic or extrinsic coagulation cascades, is the second wave of hemostasis. Activated platelets can also provide negatively-charged surfaces that harbor coagulation factors and markedly potentiate cell-based thrombin generation. Recently, deposition of plasma fibronectin, and likely other plasma proteins, onto the injured vessel wall has been identified as a new "protein wave of hemostasis" that may occur even earlier than the first wave of hemostasis, platelet accumulation. Although no experimental evidence currently exists, it is conceivable that platelets may also contribute to this protein wave of hemostasis by releasing their granule fibronectin and other proteins that may facilitate fibronectin self- and non-self-assembly on the vessel wall. Thus, platelets may contribute to all three waves of hemostasis and are central players in this critical physiological process to prevent bleeding. Low platelet counts in blood caused by enhanced platelet clearance and/or impaired platelet production are usually associated with hemorrhage. Auto- and allo-immune thrombocytopenias such as idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura and fetal and neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia may cause life-threatening bleeding such as intracranial hemorrhage. When triggered under pathological conditions such as rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque, excessive platelet activation and aggregation may result in thrombosis and vessel occlusion. This may lead to myocardial infarction or ischemic stroke, the major causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Platelets are also involved in deep vein thrombosis and thromboembolism, another leading cause of mortality. Although fibrinogen has been documented for more than half a century as essential for platelet aggregation, recent studies demonstrated that fibrinogen-independent platelet aggregation occurs in both gene deficient animals and human patients under physiological and pathological conditions (non-anti-coagulated blood). This indicates that other unidentified platelet ligands may play important roles in thrombosis and might be novel antithrombotic targets. In addition to their critical roles in hemostasis and thrombosis, emerging evidence indicates that platelets are versatile cells involved in many other pathophysiological processes such as innate and adaptive immune responses, atherosclerosis, angiogenesis, lymphatic vessel development, liver regeneration and tumor metastasis. This review summarizes the current knowledge of platelet biology, highlights recent advances in the understanding of platelet production and clearance, molecular and cellular events of thrombosis and hemostasis, and introduces the emerging roles of platelets in the immune system, vascular biology and tumorigenesis. The clinical implications of these basic science and translational research findings will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Ruby Xu
- a Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology , University of Toronto , Toronto , ON , Canada .,b Department of Laboratory Medicine , Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, and Toronto Platelet Immunobiology Group, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute , Toronto , ON , Canada .,c Department of Medicine , Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou , Guangdong , P.R. China
| | - Dan Zhang
- b Department of Laboratory Medicine , Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, and Toronto Platelet Immunobiology Group, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute , Toronto , ON , Canada .,c Department of Medicine , Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou , Guangdong , P.R. China
| | - Brigitta Elaine Oswald
- b Department of Laboratory Medicine , Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, and Toronto Platelet Immunobiology Group, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute , Toronto , ON , Canada .,d Canadian Blood Services , Toronto , ON , Canada .,e Department of Physiology , University of Toronto , Toronto , ON , Canada
| | - Naadiya Carrim
- a Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology , University of Toronto , Toronto , ON , Canada .,b Department of Laboratory Medicine , Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, and Toronto Platelet Immunobiology Group, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute , Toronto , ON , Canada .,d Canadian Blood Services , Toronto , ON , Canada
| | - Xiaozhong Wang
- b Department of Laboratory Medicine , Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, and Toronto Platelet Immunobiology Group, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute , Toronto , ON , Canada .,f The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University , Nanchang , Jiangxi , P.R. China
| | - Yan Hou
- b Department of Laboratory Medicine , Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, and Toronto Platelet Immunobiology Group, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute , Toronto , ON , Canada .,g Jilin Provincial Center for Disease Prevention and Control , Changchun , Jilin , P.R. China
| | - Qing Zhang
- b Department of Laboratory Medicine , Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, and Toronto Platelet Immunobiology Group, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute , Toronto , ON , Canada .,h State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou , Guangdong , P.R. China , and
| | - Christopher Lavalle
- b Department of Laboratory Medicine , Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, and Toronto Platelet Immunobiology Group, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute , Toronto , ON , Canada .,e Department of Physiology , University of Toronto , Toronto , ON , Canada
| | - Thomas McKeown
- b Department of Laboratory Medicine , Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, and Toronto Platelet Immunobiology Group, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute , Toronto , ON , Canada
| | - Alexandra H Marshall
- b Department of Laboratory Medicine , Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, and Toronto Platelet Immunobiology Group, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute , Toronto , ON , Canada
| | - Heyu Ni
- a Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology , University of Toronto , Toronto , ON , Canada .,b Department of Laboratory Medicine , Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, and Toronto Platelet Immunobiology Group, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute , Toronto , ON , Canada .,d Canadian Blood Services , Toronto , ON , Canada .,e Department of Physiology , University of Toronto , Toronto , ON , Canada .,i Department of Medicine , University of Toronto , Toronto , ON , Canada
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Abstract
The migration of an autoreactive CD4 T lymphocyte across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) represents a crucial step in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS) and its animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalitis (EAE). For a naive, autoreactive T lym phocyte to enter the CNS, it must first be activated by antigen presented by an anti gen-presenting cell in peripheral lymphoid tissue. Effector lymphocytes home to activated endothelium in the CNS and other tissues through the binding of the integrins very late antigen 4 (VLA-4) and leukocyte function antigen 1 (LFA-1) to vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM-1) and intercellular cell adhesion molecule (lCAM-1), respectmely. Al though VLA-4 and LFA-1 clearly mediate T cell recruitment in a region of established inflammation, the mechanisms of early lymphocyte entry prior to endothelial activation remain unclear. Here, it is hypothesized that initiation of an inflammatory focus in CNS autoimmune disease is mediated by a novel cell adhesion pathway that is VLA-4-inde pendent and permits autoreactive lymphocytes to randomly "blunder" into the brain. An understanding of these mechanisms is crucial to the development of antigen-nonspecific therapies for MS. NEUROSCIENTIST 3:207-210, 1997
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45
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Geherin SA, Gómez D, Glabman RA, Ruthel G, Hamann A, Debes GF. IL-10+ Innate-like B Cells Are Part of the Skin Immune System and Require α4β1 Integrin To Migrate between the Peritoneum and Inflamed Skin. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 196:2514-2525. [PMID: 26851219 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1403246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The skin is an important barrier organ and frequent target of autoimmunity and allergy. In this study, we found innate-like B cells that expressed the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 in the skin of humans and mice. Unexpectedly, innate-like B1 and conventional B2 cells showed differential homing capacities with peritoneal B1 cells preferentially migrating into the inflamed skin of mice. Importantly, the skin-homing B1 cells included IL-10-secreting cells. B1 cell homing into the skin was independent of typical skin-homing trafficking receptors and instead required α4β1-integrin. Moreover, B1 cells constitutively expressed activated β1 integrin and relocated from the peritoneum to the inflamed skin and intestine upon innate stimulation, indicating an inherent propensity to extravasate into inflamed and barrier sites. We conclude that innate-like B cells migrate from central reservoirs into skin, adding an important cell type with regulatory and protective functions to the skin immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Skye A Geherin
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Daniela Gómez
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Raisa A Glabman
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Gordon Ruthel
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Alf Hamann
- Deutsches Rheumaforschungszentrum (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
| | - Gudrun F Debes
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Mohammed RN, Watson HA, Vigar M, Ohme J, Thomson A, Humphreys IR, Ager A. L-selectin Is Essential for Delivery of Activated CD8(+) T Cells to Virus-Infected Organs for Protective Immunity. Cell Rep 2016; 14:760-771. [PMID: 26804910 PMCID: PMC4742564 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.12.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Revised: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytotoxic CD8+ T lymphocytes play a critical role in the host response to infection by viruses. The ability to secrete cytotoxic chemicals and cytokines is considered pivotal for eliminating virus. Of equal importance is how effector CD8+ T cells home to virus-infected tissues. L-selectin has not been considered important for effector T cell homing, because levels are low on activated T cells. We report here that, although L-selectin expression is downregulated following T cell priming in lymph nodes, L-selectin is re-expressed on activated CD8+ T cells entering the bloodstream, and recruitment of activated CD8+ T cells from the bloodstream into virus-infected tissues is L-selectin dependent. Furthermore, L-selectin on effector CD8+ T cells confers protective immunity to two evolutionally distinct viruses, vaccinia and influenza, which infect mucosal and visceral organs, respectively. These results connect homing and a function of virus-specific CD8+ T cells to a single molecule, L-selectin. L-selectin is re-expressed on activated CD8+ T cells exiting lymph nodes L-selectin does not regulate priming, differentiation, or function of cytotoxic T lymphocytes Entry of activated CD8+ T cells into virus-infected tissues is L-selectin dependent The level of cell-surface L-selectin determines the extent of anti-viral immunity
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebar N Mohammed
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK; Systems Immunity Research Institute, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - H Angharad Watson
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK; Systems Immunity Research Institute, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Miriam Vigar
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK; Systems Immunity Research Institute, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Julia Ohme
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK; Systems Immunity Research Institute, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Amanda Thomson
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK; Systems Immunity Research Institute, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Ian R Humphreys
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK; Systems Immunity Research Institute, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Ann Ager
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK; Systems Immunity Research Institute, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK.
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Velázquez F, Grodecki-Pena A, Knapp A, Salvador AM, Nevers T, Croce K, Alcaide P. CD43 Functions as an E-Selectin Ligand for Th17 Cells In Vitro and Is Required for Rolling on the Vascular Endothelium and Th17 Cell Recruitment during Inflammation In Vivo. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 196:1305-1316. [PMID: 26700769 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1501171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial E- and P-selectins mediate lymphocyte trafficking in inflammatory processes by interacting with lymphocyte selectin ligands. These are differentially expressed among different T cell subsets and function alone or in cooperation to mediate T cell adhesion. In this study, we characterize the expression and functionality of E-selectin ligands in Th type 17 lymphocytes (Th17 cells) and report that CD43 functions as a Th17 cell E-selectin ligand in vitro that mediates Th17 cell rolling on the vascular endothelium and recruitment in vivo. We demonstrate Th17 cells express CD44, P-selectin glycoprotein ligand (PSGL)-1, and CD43. Few PSGL-1(-/-)CD43(-/-) Th17 cells accumulated on E-selectin under shear flow conditions compared with wild-type cells. CD43(-/-) Th17 cell accumulation on E-selectin was impaired as compared with wild-type and PSGL-1(-/-), and similar to that observed for PSGL-1(-/-)CD43(-/-) Th17 cells, indicating that CD43 alone is a dominant ligand for E-selectin. Notably, this finding is Th17 cell subset specific because CD43 requires cooperation with PSGL-1 in Th1 cells for binding to E-selectin. In vivo, Th17 cell recruitment into the air pouch was reduced in CD43(-/-) mice in response to CCL20 or TNF-α, and intravital microscopy studies demonstrated that CD43(-/-) Th17 cells had impaired rolling on TNF-α-treated microvessels. Furthermore, CD43(-/-) mice were protected from experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and had impaired recruitment of Th17 cells in the spinal cord. Our findings demonstrate that CD43 is a major E-selectin ligand in Th17 cells that functions independent of PSGL-1, and they suggest that CD43 may hold promise as a therapeutic target to modulate Th17 cell recruitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Velázquez
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111.,Sackler School of Biomedical Sciences Immunology program, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111
| | - Anna Grodecki-Pena
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111
| | - Andrew Knapp
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111
| | - Ane M Salvador
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111
| | - Tania Nevers
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111
| | - Kevin Croce
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115
| | - Pilar Alcaide
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111.,Sackler School of Biomedical Sciences Immunology program, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111.,800 Washington St, Box #80, Boston, MA 02111
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48
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Selectin-mediated leukocyte trafficking during the development of autoimmune disease. Autoimmun Rev 2015; 14:984-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2015.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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49
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Expression of adhesion molecules, chemokines and matrix metallo- proteinases (MMPs) in viable and degenerating stage of Taenia solium metacestode in swine neurocysticercosis. Vet Parasitol 2015; 214:59-66. [PMID: 26412140 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2015.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Revised: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Neurocysticercosis (NCC) is a parasitic infection of central nervous system (CNS). Expression of adhesion molecules, chemokines and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) were investigated on brain tissues surrounding viable (n=15) and degenerating cysticerci (n=15) of Taenia solium in swine by real-time RT-PCR and ELISA. Gelatin gel zymography was performed for MMPs activity. ICAM-1 (intercellular adhesion molecule-1), E-selectin, MIP-1α (macrophage inflammatory protein-1α), Eotaxin-1 and RANTES (regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted) were associated with degenerating cysticerci (cysts). However, VCAM-1 (vascular cell adhesion molecule-1), MCP-1 (monocyte chemotactic protein-1), MMP-2 and MMP-9 were associated with both viable and degenerating cysts. In conclusion, viable and degenerating cysticerci have different immune molecule profiles and role of these molecules in disease pathogenesis needs to be investigated.
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50
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Peske JD, Woods AB, Engelhard VH. Control of CD8 T-Cell Infiltration into Tumors by Vasculature and Microenvironment. Adv Cancer Res 2015. [PMID: 26216636 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2015.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
CD8 T-cells are a critical brake on the initial development of tumors. In established tumors, the presence of CD8 T-cells is correlated with a positive patient prognosis, although immunosuppressive mechanisms limit their effectiveness and they are rarely curative without manipulation. Cancer immunotherapies aim to shift the balance back to dominant antitumor immunity through antibody blockade of immunosuppressive signaling pathways, vaccination, and adoptive transfer of activated or engineered T-cells. These approaches have yielded striking responses in small subsets of patients with solid tumors, most notably those with melanoma. Importantly, the subset of patients who respond to vaccination or immunosuppression blockade therapies are those with CD8 T-cells present in the tumor prior to initiating therapy. While current adoptive cell therapy approaches can be dramatically effective, they require infusion of extremely large numbers of T-cells, but the number that actually infiltrates the tumor is very small. Thus, poor representation of CD8 T-cells in tumors is a fundamental hurdle to successful immunotherapy, over and above the well-established barrier of immunosuppression. In this review, we discuss the factors that determine whether immune cells are present in tumors, with a focus on the representation of cytotoxic CD8 T-cells. We emphasize the critically important role of tumor-associated vasculature as a gateway that enables the active infiltration of both effector and naïve CD8 T-cells that exert antitumor activity. We also discuss strategies to enhance the gateway function and extend the effectiveness of immunotherapies to a broader set of cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- J David Peske
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Amber B Woods
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Victor H Engelhard
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.
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