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Rizzo A, Maresca C, D'Angelo C, Porru M, Di Vito S, Salvati E, Sacconi A, Berardinelli F, Sgura A, Kuznetsov S, Potdar S, Hassinen A, Stoppacciaro A, Zizza P, Biroccio A. Drug repositioning strategy for the identification of novel telomere-damaging agents: A role for NAMPT inhibitors. Aging Cell 2023; 22:e13944. [PMID: 37858982 PMCID: PMC10652301 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug repositioning strategy represents a valid tool to accelerate the pharmacological development through the identification of new applications for already existing compounds. In this view, we aimed at discovering molecules able to trigger telomere-localized DNA damage and tumor cell death. By applying an automated high-content spinning-disk microscopy, we performed a screening aimed at identifying, on a library of 527 drugs, molecules able to negatively affect the expression of TRF2, a key protein in telomere maintenance. FK866, resulting from the screening as the best candidate hit, was then validated at biochemical and molecular levels and the mechanism underlying its activity in telomere deprotection was elucidated both in vitro and in vivo. The results of this study allow us to discover a novel role of FK866 in promoting, through the production of reactive oxygen species, telomere loss and deprotection, two events leading to an accumulation of DNA damage and tumor cell death. The ability of FK866 to induce telomere damage and apoptosis was also demonstrated in advanced preclinical models evidencing the antitumoral activity of FK866 in triple-negative breast cancer-a particularly aggressive breast cancer subtype still orphan of targeted therapies and characterized by high expression levels of both NAMPT and TRF2. Overall, our findings pave the way to the development of novel anticancer strategies to counteract triple-negative breast cancer, based on the use of telomere deprotecting agents, including NAMPT inhibitors, that would rapidly progress from bench to bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Rizzo
- IRCCS—Regina Elena National Cancer InstituteTranslational Oncology Research UnitRomeItaly
| | - Carmen Maresca
- IRCCS—Regina Elena National Cancer InstituteTranslational Oncology Research UnitRomeItaly
| | - Carmen D'Angelo
- IRCCS—Regina Elena National Cancer InstituteTranslational Oncology Research UnitRomeItaly
| | - Manuela Porru
- IRCCS—Regina Elena National Cancer InstituteTranslational Oncology Research UnitRomeItaly
| | - Serena Di Vito
- IRCCS—Regina Elena National Cancer InstituteTranslational Oncology Research UnitRomeItaly
| | - Erica Salvati
- Institute of Molecular Biology and PathologyNational Research CouncilRomeItaly
| | - Andrea Sacconi
- IRCCS—Regina Elena National Cancer InstituteClinical Trial Center, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics UnitRomeItaly
| | | | | | - Sergey Kuznetsov
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Swapnil Potdar
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Antti Hassinen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Antonella Stoppacciaro
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sant'Andrea HospitalSapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Pasquale Zizza
- IRCCS—Regina Elena National Cancer InstituteTranslational Oncology Research UnitRomeItaly
| | - Annamaria Biroccio
- IRCCS—Regina Elena National Cancer InstituteTranslational Oncology Research UnitRomeItaly
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Kerns SL, Hall WA, Marples B, West CML. Normal Tissue Toxicity Prediction: Clinical Translation on the Horizon. Semin Radiat Oncol 2023; 33:307-316. [PMID: 37331785 DOI: 10.1016/j.semradonc.2023.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Improvements in radiotherapy delivery have enabled higher therapeutic doses and improved efficacy, contributing to the growing number of long-term cancer survivors. These survivors are at risk of developing late toxicity from radiotherapy, and the inability to predict who is most susceptible results in substantial impact on quality of life and limits further curative dose escalation. A predictive assay or algorithm for normal tissue radiosensitivity would allow more personalized treatment planning, reducing the burden of late toxicity, and improving the therapeutic index. Progress over the last 10 years has shown that the etiology of late clinical radiotoxicity is multifactorial and informs development of predictive models that combine information on treatment (eg, dose, adjuvant treatment), demographic and health behaviors (eg, smoking, age), co-morbidities (eg, diabetes, collagen vascular disease), and biology (eg, genetics, ex vivo functional assays). AI has emerged as a useful tool and is facilitating extraction of signal from large datasets and development of high-level multivariable models. Some models are progressing to evaluation in clinical trials, and we anticipate adoption of these into the clinical workflow in the coming years. Information on predicted risk of toxicity could prompt modification of radiotherapy delivery (eg, use of protons, altered dose and/or fractionation, reduced volume) or, in rare instances of very high predicted risk, avoidance of radiotherapy. Risk information can also be used to assist treatment decision-making for cancers where efficacy of radiotherapy is equivalent to other treatments (eg, low-risk prostate cancer) and can be used to guide follow-up screening in instances where radiotherapy is still the best choice to maximize tumor control probability. Here, we review promising predictive assays for clinical radiotoxicity and highlight studies that are progressing to develop an evidence base for clinical utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L Kerns
- Department of Radiation Oncology, the Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI.
| | - William A Hall
- Department of Radiation Oncology, the Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Brian Marples
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY
| | - Catharine M L West
- Division of Cancer Sciences, the University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Christie Hospital, Manchester, UK
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3
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Wang JJ, Shao H, Yan J, Jing M, Xu WJ, Sun HW, Zhou ZW, Zhang YJ. Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy induced lymphopenia in gastric cancer and associations with spleen dosimetry and survival outcomes. Clin Transl Radiat Oncol 2023; 40:100617. [PMID: 37008513 PMCID: PMC10060597 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctro.2023.100617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Few studies concentrate on spleen dosimetry of radiotherapy for gastric cancer (GC). Although there is no consensus on the spleen dose-volume threshold for lymphopenia, several studies indicated that the higher the spleen dose, the higher the risk of lymphopenia. This study aimed to identify the appropriate spleen dosimetric parameters for predicting grade 4 + lymphopenia in patients with locally advanced GC. Material and methods A total of 295 patients treated with nCRT and nChT from June 2013 to December 2021 at two major centers were included, of whom 220 were assigned to the training cohort and 75 to the external validation cohort. Results Grade 4 + lymphopenia was more common in the nCRT than in the nChT group (49.5% vs. 0, P < 0.001 in the training cohort; 25.0% vs. 0, P = 0.001 in the external validation cohort). Age ≥ 60 years (P = 0.006), lower pretreatment absolute lymphocyte count (P = 0.001), higher spleen volume (SPV) (P = 0.001), and higher V20 (P = 0.003) were significant risk factors of grade 4 + lymphopenia for patients treated with nCRT. Patients with grade 4 + lymphopenia had significantly worse PFS (P = 0.043) and showed a negative correlation trend with OS (P = 0.07). Limiting V20 to < 84.5% could decrease the incidence of grade 4 + lymphopenia by 35.7%. The predictive effectiveness of the multivariable model in the training and external validation cohorts was 0.880 and 0.737, respectively. Conclusion Grade 4 + lymphopenia during nCRT was more common than nChT, and was associated with a worse PFS in GC patients. Constraining the spleen V20 to < 84.5% may indirectly improve outcomes through lymphocyte preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-jin Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, People’s Republic of China
| | - Han Shao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jin Yan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing 400030, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ming Jing
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wen-jing Xu
- Department of Radiotherapy, Cancer Center, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong AcadCmy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, People’s Republic of China
| | - Heng-wen Sun
- Department of Radiotherapy, Cancer Center, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong AcadCmy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, People’s Republic of China
- Corresponding authors.
| | - Zhi-wei Zhou
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu-jing Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, People’s Republic of China
- Corresponding authors.
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Collins BF. Screening for Preclinical Pulmonary Fibrosis: Are We There Yet? Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2023; 207:506-508. [PMID: 36154916 PMCID: PMC10870918 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202209-1769ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bridget F Collins
- Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine University of Washington Medical Center Seattle, Washington
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Sengupta S, Senthil Kumar S, Bondra K, Sobo M, Mo X, Drissi R. Limitations of radiosensitization by direct telomerase inhibition to treat high-risk medulloblastoma. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1104670. [PMID: 36741010 PMCID: PMC9891285 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1104670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most common malignant pediatric brain tumor. Previous studies have elucidated the genomic landscape of MB leading to the recognition of four core molecular subgroups (WNT, SHH, group 3 and group 4) with distinct clinical outcomes. Group 3 has the worst prognosis of all MB. Radiotherapy (RT) remains a major component in the treatment of poor prognosis MB but is rarely curative alone and is associated with acute and long-term toxicities. A hallmark of cancer cells is their unlimited proliferative potential which correlates closely with telomere length. The vast majority of malignant tumors activate telomerase to maintain telomere length, whereas this activity is barely detectable in most normal human somatic tissues, making telomerase inhibition a rational therapeutic target in the setting of cancer recurrence and therapy resistance. We and others have previously shown that short telomeres confer sensitivity to ionizing radiation (IR) suggesting that telomerase inhibition mediated telomere shortening will improve the efficacy of RT while minimizing its side effects. Here, we investigated the efficacy of the combination of IR with IMT, a potent telomerase inhibitor, in an in vivo model of group 3 MB. Our results indicate that although IMT inhibited MB telomerase activity resulting in telomere shortening and delayed tumor growth, the combination with IR did not prevent tumor recurrence and did not improve survival compared to the treatment with IR alone. Together, these findings suggest that the radiosensitization by direct telomerase inhibition is not an effective approach to treat high-risk pediatric brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satarupa Sengupta
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Shiva Senthil Kumar
- Center for Childhood Cancer, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Kathryn Bondra
- Greehey Children’s Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas (UT) Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Matthew Sobo
- Department of Technical and Scientific Support, Diapharma, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Xiaokui Mo
- Center for Biostatistics, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Rachid Drissi
- Center for Childhood Cancer, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, United States
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The 'stealth-bomber' paradigm for deciphering the tumour response to carbon-ion irradiation. Br J Cancer 2023; 128:1429-1438. [PMID: 36639527 PMCID: PMC10070470 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-022-02117-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have demonstrated the higher biological efficacy of carbon-ion irradiation (C-ions) and their ballistic precision compared with photons. At the nanometre scale, the reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by radiation and responsible for the indirect effects are differentially distributed according to the type of radiation. Photon irradiation induces a homogeneous ROS distribution, whereas ROS remain condensed in clusters in the C-ions tracks. Based on this linear energy transfer-dependent differential nanometric ROS distribution, we propose that the higher biological efficacy and specificities of the molecular response to C-ions rely on a 'stealth-bomber' effect. When biological targets are on the trajectories of the particles, the clustered radicals in the tracks are responsible for a 'bomber' effect. Furthermore, the low proportion of ROS outside the tracks is not able to trigger the cellular mechanisms of defence and proliferation. The ability of C-ions to deceive the cellular defence of the cancer cells is then categorised as a 'stealth' effect. This review aims to classify the biological arguments supporting the paradigm of the 'stealth-bomber' as responsible for the biological superiority of C-ions compared with photons. It also explains how and why C-ions will always be more efficient for treating patients with radioresistant cancers than conventional radiotherapy.
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Wang KX, Ye C, Yang X, Ma P, Yan C, Luo L. New Insights into the Understanding of Mechanisms of Radiation-Induced Heart Disease. Curr Treat Options Oncol 2023; 24:12-29. [PMID: 36598620 DOI: 10.1007/s11864-022-01041-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OPINION STATEMENT Cancer patients who receive high-dose thoracic radiotherapy may develop radiation-induced heart disease (RIHD). The clinical presentation of RIHD comprises coronary artery atherosclerosis, valvular disease, pericarditis, cardiomyopathy, and conduction defects. These complications have significantly reduced due to the improved radiotherapy techniques. However, such methods still could not avoid heart radiation exposure. Furthermore, people who received relatively low-dose radiation exposures have exhibited significantly elevated RIHD risks in cohort studies of atomic bomb survivors and occupational exposures. The increased potential in exposure to natural and artificial ionizing radiation sources has emphasized the necessity to understand the development of RIHD. The pathological processes of RIHD include endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, fibrosis, and hypertrophy. The underlying mechanisms may involve the changes in oxidative stress, DNA damage response, telomere erosion, mitochondrial dysfunction, epigenetic regulation, circulation factors, protein post-translational modification, and metabolites. This review will discuss the recent advances in the mechanisms of RIHD at cellular and molecular levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Xuan Wang
- Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Laboratory Diagnostics, School of Medical Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou City, Jiangsu Province, 221004, People's Republic of China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou City, Jiangsu Province, 221004, People's Republic of China
| | - Cong Ye
- Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Laboratory Diagnostics, School of Medical Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou City, Jiangsu Province, 221004, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Yang
- Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Laboratory Diagnostics, School of Medical Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou City, Jiangsu Province, 221004, People's Republic of China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou City, Jiangsu Province, 221004, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Ma
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou City, Jiangsu Province, 221004, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Yan
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 1 Minde Road, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, 330006, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lan Luo
- Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Laboratory Diagnostics, School of Medical Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou City, Jiangsu Province, 221004, People's Republic of China.
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Liu Y, Betori RC, Pagacz J, Frost GB, Efimova EV, Wu D, Wolfgeher DJ, Bryan TM, Cohen SB, Scheidt KA, Kron SJ. Targeting telomerase reverse transcriptase with the covalent inhibitor NU-1 confers immunogenic radiation sensitization. Cell Chem Biol 2022; 29:1517-1531.e7. [PMID: 36206753 PMCID: PMC9588800 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2022.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Beyond synthesizing telomere repeats, the telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) also serves multiple other roles supporting cancer growth. Blocking telomerase to drive telomere erosion appears impractical, but TERT's non-canonical activities have yet to be fully explored as cancer targets. Here, we used an irreversible TERT inhibitor, NU-1, to examine impacts on resistance to conventional cancer therapies. In vitro, inhibiting TERT sensitized cells to chemotherapy and radiation. NU-1 delayed repair of double-strand breaks, resulting in persistent DNA damage signaling and cellular senescence. Although NU-1 alone did not impact growth of syngeneic CT26 tumors in BALB/c mice, it dramatically enhanced the effects of radiation, leading to immune-dependent tumor elimination. Tumors displayed persistent DNA damage, suppressed proliferation, and increased activated immune infiltrate. Our studies confirm TERT's role in limiting genotoxic effects of conventional therapy but also implicate TERT as a determinant of immune evasion and therapy resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Liu
- Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research and Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Rick C Betori
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Joanna Pagacz
- Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research and Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Grant B Frost
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Elena V Efimova
- Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research and Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Ding Wu
- Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research and Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Donald J Wolfgeher
- Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research and Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Tracy M Bryan
- Children's Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Scott B Cohen
- Children's Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Karl A Scheidt
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
| | - Stephen J Kron
- Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research and Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
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Debernardi A, Meurisse A, Prétet JL, Guenat D, Monnien F, Spehner L, Vienot A, Roncarati P, André T, Abramowitz L, Molimard C, Mougin C, Herfs M, Kim S, Borg C. Prognostic role of HPV integration status and molecular profile in advanced anal carcinoma: An ancillary study to the epitopes-HPV02 trial. Front Oncol 2022; 12:941676. [DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.941676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Anal canal (SCCA) is a rare disease associated with a Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection in most cases, predominantly the HPV16 genotype. About 15% of SCCA are diagnosed in metastatic stage and some will relapse after initial chemoradiotherapy (CRT). Treatment of patients by Docetaxel, Cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil (DCF) has been recently shown to improve their complete remission and progression-free survival. The aim of this retrospective study was to explore the impact of HPV infection, HPV DNA integration, TERT promoter mutational status and somatic mutations of oncogenes on both progression-free (PFS) and overall survivals (OS) of patients treated by DCF. Samples obtained from 49 patients included in the Epitopes-HPV02 clinical trial, diagnosed with metastatic or non-resectable local recurrent SCCA treated by DCF, were used for analyses. Median PFS and OS were not associated with HPV status. Patients with episomal HPV had an improved PFS compared with SCCA patients with integrated HPV genome (p=0.07). TERT promoter mutations were rarely observed and did not specifically distribute in a subset of SCCA and did not impact DCF efficacy. Among the 42 genes investigated, few gene alterations were observed, and were in majority amplifications (68.4%), but none were significantly correlated to PFS. As no biomarker is significantly associated with patients’ survival, it prompts us to include every patient failing CRT or with metastatic disease in DCF strategy.
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Rodina AV, Semochkina YP, Vysotskaya OV, Glukhov AI, Moskaleva EY. Features of the Response of Long-Term Cultured Adipose Tissue–Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells to γ-Irradiation. BIOL BULL+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062359021110078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Sadeghi F, Asgari M, Matloubi M, Ranjbar M, Karkhaneh Yousefi N, Azari T, Zaki-Dizaji M. Molecular contribution of BRCA1 and BRCA2 to genome instability in breast cancer patients: review of radiosensitivity assays. Biol Proced Online 2020; 22:23. [PMID: 33013205 PMCID: PMC7528506 DOI: 10.1186/s12575-020-00133-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND DNA repair pathways, cell cycle arrest checkpoints, and cell death induction are present in cells to process DNA damage and prevent genomic instability caused by various extrinsic and intrinsic ionizing factors. Mutations in the genes involved in these pathways enhances the ionizing radiation sensitivity, reduces the individual's capacity to repair DNA damages, and subsequently increases susceptibility to tumorigenesis. BODY BRCA1 and BRCA2 are two highly penetrant genes involved in the inherited breast cancer and contribute to different DNA damage pathways and cell cycle and apoptosis cascades. Mutations in these genes have been associated with hypersensitivity and genetic instability as well as manifesting severe radiotherapy complications in breast cancer patients. The genomic instability and DNA repair capacity of breast cancer patients with BRCA1/2 mutations have been analyzed in different studies using a variety of assays, including micronucleus assay, comet assay, chromosomal assay, colony-forming assay, γ -H2AX and 53BP1 biomarkers, and fluorescence in situ hybridization. The majority of studies confirmed the enhanced spontaneous & radiation-induced radiosensitivity of breast cancer patients compared to healthy controls. Using G2 micronucleus assay and G2 chromosomal assay, most studies have reported the lymphocyte of healthy carriers with BRCA1 mutation are hypersensitive to invitro ionizing radiation compared to non-carriers without a history of breast cancer. However, it seems this approach is not likely to be useful to distinguish the BRCA carriers from non-carrier with familial history of breast cancer. CONCLUSION In overall, breast cancer patients are more radiosensitive compared to healthy control; however, inconsistent results exist about the ability of current radiosensitive techniques in screening BRCA1/2 carriers or those susceptible to radiotherapy complications. Therefore, developing further radiosensitivity assay is still warranted to evaluate the DNA repair capacity of individuals with BRCA1/2 mutations and serve as a predictive factor for increased risk of cancer mainly in the relatives of breast cancer patients. Moreover, it can provide more evidence about who is susceptible to manifest severe complication after radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Sadeghi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Digestive Oncology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marzieh Asgari
- Rheumatology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Shariati Hospital, Kargar Ave, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojdeh Matloubi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maral Ranjbar
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nahid Karkhaneh Yousefi
- Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tahereh Azari
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Zaki-Dizaji
- Legal Medicine Research Center, Legal Medicine Organization, Tehran, Iran
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children’s Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Xie X, Lin SH, Welsh JW, Wei X, Jin H, Mohan R, Liao Z, Xu T. Radiation-induced lymphopenia during chemoradiation therapy for non-small cell lung cancer is linked with age, lung V5, and XRCC1 rs25487 genotypes in lymphocytes. Radiother Oncol 2020; 154:187-193. [PMID: 32916236 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2020.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & PURPOSE We investigated clinical and genetic factors associated with severe radiation-induced lymphopenia (RIL) in a randomized clinical trial of photon vs. proton radiation, with chemotherapy, for non-small cell lung cancer. METHODS XRCC1 rs25487 was genotyped in lymphocytes from serial peripheral blood samples. Severe RIL was defined as absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) < 0.3 × 109 cells/L. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to identify independent risk factors, which were then used to group patients for risk of severe RIL. RESULTS Univariate analysis of the 178 patients in this analysis showed that older age, larger tumors, higher lung V5 and mean lung dose, and higher heart V5 and mean heart dose were associated with severe RIL during treatment (P < 0.05). The XRCC1 rs25487 AA genotype was also associated with increased risk of severe RIL during treatment (AA vs. others: hazard ratio [HR] = 1.665, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.089-2.500, P = 0.018). Multivariate analyses showed that older age (HR = 1.031, 95% CI 1.009-1.054, P = 0.005), lung V5 (HR = 1.039, 95% CI 1.023-1.055, P < 0.0001), and AA genotype (AA vs. others, HR = 1.768, 95% CI 1.165-2.684, P = 0.007) were independently associated with higher incidence of severe RIL. These three risk factors (age ≥ 56 years, lung V5 ≥ 51% and XRCC1 rs25487 AA) distinguished patients at different risk of developing severe RIL (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Age, lung V5 and XRCC1 rs25487 AA were all linked with risk of severe RIL. Our predictive risk model may be helpful for identifying patients at high risk of severe RIL so that treatment can be modified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxue Xie
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Steven H Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - James W Welsh
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - Xiong Wei
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - Hekun Jin
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Radhe Mohan
- Department of Radiation Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - Zhongxing Liao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - Ting Xu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA.
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Shvaiko LI, Bazyka KD, Sushko VO, Ilienko IM, Bazyka DA. LUNG FUNCTION AND TELOMERE RELATIVE LENGTH IN CLEAN-UP WORKERS OF CHORNOBYL NPP ACCIDENT IN A REMOTE POST-ACCIDENT PERIOD. PROBLEMY RADIAT︠S︡IĬNOÏ MEDYT︠S︡YNY TA RADIOBIOLOHIÏ 2020; 24:503-515. [PMID: 31841491 DOI: 10.33145/2304-8336-2019-24-503-515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective was to study the relationship between functional status of bronchopulmonary system and telomere length in clean-up workers of Chornobyl NPP accident in a remote post-accident period. MATERIALS AND METHODS A study was performed in 113 clean-up workers of Chornobyl NPP accident. Individual do- cumented doses of irradiation in clean-up workers ranged from 1,0 to 880 mSv (330.4 ± 317.7 (M ± SD)). The aver- age age of the Chornobyl NPP participants was (62.21 ± 6.99) years. A complex of functional pulmonary tests (spirometry, body plethysmography, examination of lung diffusion capacity) was performed. Relative telomere length (RTL) was analysed by flow-FISH. RESULTS There was a tendency to decrease the relative telomere length in clean-up workers with COPD I-II stage and COPD III-IV, compared with patients with the absence of bronchopulmonary diseases (RTL 15,2 ± 2,7). Significantly shorter telomeres were observed in patients with COPD who were exposed to radiation at a dose of more than 500 mSv (13.6 ± 2.5) compared with COPD patients who were exposed at a dose <10 mSv (RTL 15.3 ± 2.3). When analyzing the correlation relationships of the studied indicators, no significant associations were found with the relative telomere length. At this stage of the study no association of relative telomere length with age, body mass index, and functional criteria (FEV1 (l), intrathoracic pressure (ITGV), total lung capacity (TLC), diffusion lung capac- ity (DLCO)) was detected. CONCLUSIONS The analyzed telomere length relationship from liquidators of the Chernobyl found no direct associa- tion with indicators of lung function tests, however, showed a trend towards reducing the relative telomere length in clean-up workers who suffer from COPD and exposed to doses from 100 to 500 mSv and above 500 mSv.
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Affiliation(s)
- L I Shvaiko
- State Institution «National Research Center for Radiation Medicine of the National Academy of MedicalSciences of Ukraine», 53 Yuriia Illienka St., Kyiv, 04050, Ukraine
| | - K D Bazyka
- State Institution «National Research Center for Radiation Medicine of the National Academy of MedicalSciences of Ukraine», 53 Yuriia Illienka St., Kyiv, 04050, Ukraine
| | - V O Sushko
- State Institution «National Research Center for Radiation Medicine of the National Academy of MedicalSciences of Ukraine», 53 Yuriia Illienka St., Kyiv, 04050, Ukraine
| | - I M Ilienko
- State Institution «National Research Center for Radiation Medicine of the National Academy of MedicalSciences of Ukraine», 53 Yuriia Illienka St., Kyiv, 04050, Ukraine
| | - D A Bazyka
- State Institution «National Research Center for Radiation Medicine of the National Academy of MedicalSciences of Ukraine», 53 Yuriia Illienka St., Kyiv, 04050, Ukraine
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14
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Yang DW, Wang TM, Zhang JB, Li XZ, He YQ, Xiao R, Xue WQ, Zheng XH, Zhang PF, Zhang SD, Hu YZ, Shen GP, Chen M, Sun Y, Jia WH. Genome-wide association study identifies genetic susceptibility loci and pathways of radiation-induced acute oral mucositis. J Transl Med 2020; 18:224. [PMID: 32503578 PMCID: PMC7275566 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-020-02390-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Radiation-induced oral mucositis (OM) is one of the most common acute complications for head and neck cancer. Severe OM is associated with radiation treatment breaks, which harms successful tumor management. Radiogenomics studies have indicated that genetic variants are associated with adverse effects of radiotherapy. Methods A large-scale genome-wide scan was performed in 1467 nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients, including 753 treated with 2D-CRT from Genetic Architecture of the Radiotherapy Toxicity and Prognosis (GARTP) cohort and 714 treated with IMRT (192 from the GARTP and 522 newly recruited). Subgroup analysis by radiotherapy technique was further performed in the top associations. We also performed physical and regulatory mapping of the risk loci and gene set enrichment analysis of the candidate target genes. Results We identified 50 associated genomic loci and 64 genes via positional mapping, expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) mapping, chromatin interaction mapping and gene-based analysis, and 36 of these loci were replicated in subgroup analysis. Interestingly, one of the top loci located in TNKS, a gene relevant to radiation toxicity, was associated with increased OM risk with OR = 3.72 of the lead SNP rs117157809 (95% CI 2.10–6.57; P = 6.33 × 10−6). Gene set analyses showed that the 64 candidate target genes were enriched in the biological processes of regulating telomere capping and maintenance and telomerase activity (Top P = 7.73 × 10−7). Conclusions These results enhance the biological understanding of radiotherapy toxicity. The association signals enriched in telomere function regulation implicate the potential underlying mechanism and warrant further functional investigation and potential individual radiotherapy applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Wei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Tong-Min Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiang-Bo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi-Zhao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Qiao He
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruowen Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Qiong Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Hui Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Pei-Fen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Shao-Dan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye-Zhu Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Guo-Ping Shen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingyuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Hua Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China. .,School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
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15
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Rollings N, Waye HL, Krohmer RW, Uhrig EJ, Mason RT, Olsson M, Whittington CM, Friesen CR. Sperm telomere length correlates with blood telomeres and body size in red‐sided garter snakes,
Thamnophis sirtalis parietalis. J Zool (1987) 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/jzo.12789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N. Rollings
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Sydney Sydney NSW Australia
| | - H. L. Waye
- Division of Science and Mathematics University of Minnesota Morris Morris MN USA
| | - R. W Krohmer
- Department of Biological Sciences Saint Xavier University Chicago IL USA
| | - E. J. Uhrig
- Department of Integrative Biology Oregon State University Corvallis OR USA
| | - R. T. Mason
- Department of Integrative Biology Oregon State University Corvallis OR USA
| | - M. Olsson
- Department of Biological & Environmental Sciences University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
- School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life Sciences University of Wollongong Wollongong NSW Australia
| | - C. M. Whittington
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Sydney Sydney NSW Australia
| | - C. R. Friesen
- School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life Sciences University of Wollongong Wollongong NSW Australia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute (IHMRI)University of Wollongong Wollongong NSW Australia
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16
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Bajaj S, Kumar MS, Peters GJ, Mayur YC. Targeting telomerase for its advent in cancer therapeutics. Med Res Rev 2020; 40:1871-1919. [PMID: 32391613 DOI: 10.1002/med.21674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Telomerase has emerged as an important primary target in anticancer therapy. It is a distinctive reverse transcriptase enzyme, which extends the length of telomere at the 3' chromosomal end, and uses telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) and telomerase RNA template-containing domains. Telomerase has a vital role and is a contributing factor in human health, mainly affecting cell aging and cell proliferation. Due to its unique feature, it ensures unrestricted cell proliferation in malignancy and plays a major role in cancer disease. The development of telomerase inhibitors with increased specificity and better pharmacokinetics is being considered to design and develop newer potent anticancer agents. Use of natural and synthetic compounds for the inhibition of telomerase activity can lead to an opening of new vistas in cancer treatment. This review details about the telomerase biochemistry, use of natural and synthetic compounds; vaccines and oncolytic virus in therapy that suppress the telomerase activity. We have discussed structure-activity relationships of various natural and synthetic telomerase inhibitors to help medicinal chemists and chemical biology researchers with a ready reference and updated status of their clinical trials. Suppression of human TERT (hTERT) activity through inhibition of hTERT promoter is an important approach for telomerase inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - G J Peters
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Y C Mayur
- SPPSPTM, SVKM's NMIMS, Mumbai, India
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17
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Buckley AM, Lynam-Lennon N, O'Neill H, O'Sullivan J. Targeting hallmarks of cancer to enhance radiosensitivity in gastrointestinal cancers. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 17:298-313. [PMID: 32005946 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-019-0247-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Radiotherapy is used in the treatment of approximately 50% of all malignancies including gastrointestinal cancers. Radiation can be given prior to surgery (neoadjuvant radiotherapy) to shrink the tumour or after surgery to kill any remaining cancer cells. Radiotherapy aims to maximize damage to cancer cells, while minimizing damage to healthy cells. However, only 10-30% of patients with rectal cancer or oesophageal cancer have a pathological complete response to neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy, with the rest suffering the negative consequences of toxicities and delays to surgery with no clinical benefit. Furthermore, in pancreatic cancer, neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy results in a pathological complete response in only 4% of patients and a partial pathological response in only 31%. Resistance to radiation therapy is polymodal and associated with a number of biological alterations both within the tumour itself and in the surrounding microenvironment including the following: altered cell cycle; repopulation by cancer stem cells; hypoxia; altered management of oxidative stress; evasion of apoptosis; altered DNA damage response and enhanced DNA repair; inflammation; and altered mitochondrial function and cellular energetics. Radiosensitizers are needed to improve treatment response to radiation, which will directly influence patient outcomes in gastrointestinal cancers. This article reviews the literature to identify strategies - including DNA-targeting agents, antimetabolic agents, antiangiogenics and novel immunotherapies - being used to enhance radiosensitivity in gastrointestinal cancers according to the hallmarks of cancer. Evidence from radiosensitizers from in vitro and in vivo models is documented and the action of radiosensitizers through clinical trial data is assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy M Buckley
- Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James's Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Niamh Lynam-Lennon
- Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James's Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Hazel O'Neill
- Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James's Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jacintha O'Sullivan
- Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James's Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
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18
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Fouillade C, Curras-Alonso S, Giuranno L, Quelennec E, Heinrich S, Bonnet-Boissinot S, Beddok A, Leboucher S, Karakurt HU, Bohec M, Baulande S, Vooijs M, Verrelle P, Dutreix M, Londoño-Vallejo A, Favaudon V. FLASH Irradiation Spares Lung Progenitor Cells and Limits the Incidence of Radio-induced Senescence. Clin Cancer Res 2020; 26:1497-1506. [PMID: 31796518 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-19-1440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE One of the main limitations to anticancer radiotherapy lies in irreversible damage to healthy tissues located within the radiation field. "FLASH" irradiation at very high dose-rate is a new treatment modality that has been reported to specifically spare normal tissue from late radiation-induced toxicity in animal models and therefore could be a promising strategy to reduce treatment toxicity. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Lung responses to FLASH irradiation were investigated by qPCR, single-cell RNA sequencing (sc-RNA-Seq), and histologic methods during the acute wound healing phase as well as at late stages using C57BL/6J wild-type and Terc-/- mice exposed to bilateral thorax irradiation as well as human lung cells grown in vitro. RESULTS In vitro studies gave evidence of a reduced level of DNA damage and induced lethality at the advantage of FLASH. In mouse lung, sc-RNA-seq and the monitoring of proliferating cells revealed that FLASH minimized the induction of proinflammatory genes and reduced the proliferation of progenitor cells after injury. At late stages, FLASH-irradiated lungs presented less persistent DNA damage and senescent cells than after CONV exposure, suggesting a higher potential for lung regeneration with FLASH. Consistent with this hypothesis, the beneficial effect of FLASH was lost in Terc-/- mice harboring critically short telomeres and lack of telomerase activity. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that, compared with conventional radiotherapy, FLASH minimizes DNA damage in normal cells, spares lung progenitor cells from excessive damage, and reduces the risk of replicative senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Fouillade
- Institut Curie, Inserm U 1021-CNRS UMR 3347, University Paris-Saclay, PSL Research University, Centre Universitaire, Orsay, France.
| | - Sandra Curras-Alonso
- Institut Curie, Inserm U 1021-CNRS UMR 3347, University Paris-Saclay, PSL Research University, Centre Universitaire, Orsay, France
- Institut Curie, CNRS UMR 3244, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Lorena Giuranno
- Department of Radiotherapy, Grow-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Eddy Quelennec
- Institut Curie, Inserm U 1021-CNRS UMR 3347, University Paris-Saclay, PSL Research University, Centre Universitaire, Orsay, France
| | - Sophie Heinrich
- Institut Curie, Inserm U 1021-CNRS UMR 3347, University Paris-Saclay, PSL Research University, Centre Universitaire, Orsay, France
- Institut Curie, Translational Research Department, Experimental Radiotherapy Platform, PSL Research University, Centre Universitaire, Orsay, France
| | - Sarah Bonnet-Boissinot
- Institut Curie, Inserm U 1021-CNRS UMR 3347, University Paris-Saclay, PSL Research University, Centre Universitaire, Orsay, France
| | - Arnaud Beddok
- Institut Curie, Inserm U 1021-CNRS UMR 3347, University Paris-Saclay, PSL Research University, Centre Universitaire, Orsay, France
| | - Sophie Leboucher
- Institut Curie, CNRS UMR 3348, University Paris-Saclay, PSL Research University, Centre Universitaire, Orsay, France
| | | | - Mylène Bohec
- Institut Curie Genomics of Excellence (ICGex) Platform, Paris, France
| | - Sylvain Baulande
- Institut Curie Genomics of Excellence (ICGex) Platform, Paris, France
| | - Marc Vooijs
- Department of Radiotherapy, Grow-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Pierre Verrelle
- Radiation Oncology Department, Institut Curie, Paris, France
- Institut Curie, Inserm U 1196-CNRS UMR 9187, University Paris-Saclay, PSL Research University, Centre Universitaire, Orsay, France
| | - Marie Dutreix
- Institut Curie, Inserm U 1021-CNRS UMR 3347, University Paris-Saclay, PSL Research University, Centre Universitaire, Orsay, France
| | | | - Vincent Favaudon
- Institut Curie, Inserm U 1021-CNRS UMR 3347, University Paris-Saclay, PSL Research University, Centre Universitaire, Orsay, France.
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19
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Nuta O, Rothkamm K, Darroudi F. The Role of Telomerase in Radiation-Induced Genomic Instability. Radiat Res 2020; 193:451-459. [PMID: 32150497 DOI: 10.1667/rr15495.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Findings from previous studies have suggested that the telomerase system is involved in radiation-induced genomic instability. In this study, we investigated the involvement of telomerase in the development and processing of chromosomal damage at different cell cycle stages after irradiation of human fibroblasts. Several response criteria were investigated, including cell survival, chromosomal damage (using the micronucleus assay), G2-induced chromatid aberrations (using the conventional G2 assay as well as a chemically-induced premature chromosome condensation assay) and DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs; using γ-H2AX, 53BP1 and Rad51) in an isogenic pair of cell lines: BJ human foreskin fibroblasts and BJ1-hTERT, a telomerase-immortalized BJ cell line. To distinguish among G1, S and G2 phase, cells were co-immunostained for CENP-F and cyclin A, which are tightly regulated proteins in the cell cycle. After X-ray irradiation at doses in the range of 0.1-6 Gy, the results showed that for cell survival and micronuclei induction, where the overall effect is dominated by the cells in G1 and S phase, no difference was observed between the two cell types; in contrast, when radiation sensitivity at the G2 stage of the cell cycle was analyzed, a significantly higher number of chromatid-type aberrations (breaks and exchanges), and higher levels of γ-H2AX and of Rad51 foci were observed for the BJ cells compared to the BJ1-hTERT cells. Therefore, it can be concluded that telomerase appears to be involved in DNA DSB repair processes, mainly in the G2 phase. These data, taken overall, reinforce the notion that hTERT or other elements of the telomere/telomerase system may defend chromosome integrity in human fibroblasts by promoting repair in G2 phase of the cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Otilia Nuta
- Nazarbayev University, School of Sciences and Humanities, Department of Biology, Nur-Sultan, 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Kai Rothkamm
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Firouz Darroudi
- Department of Genome Scan Unlimited, 2341AJ, Oegstgeest, The Netherlands
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20
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Li W, Mjekiqi E, Douma W, Wang X, Kavatsyuk O, Hoekstra R, Poully J, Schlathölter T. Hole Migration in Telomere-Based Oligonucleotide Anions and G-Quadruplexes. Chemistry 2019; 25:16114-16119. [PMID: 31614016 PMCID: PMC6972685 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201904105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Vacuum ultraviolet photoionization of a gas-phase oligonucleotide anion leads to the formation of a valence hole. This hole migrates towards an energetically favorable site where it can weaken bonds and ultimately lead to bond cleavage. We have studied Vacuum UV photoionization of deprotonated oligonucleotides containing the human telomere sequence dTTAGGG and G-quadruplex structures consisting of four dTGGGGT single strands, stabilized by NH4 + counter ions. The oligonucleotide and G-quadruplex anions were confined in a radiofrequency ion trap, interfaced with a synchrotron beamline and the photofragmentation was studied using time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Oligonucleotide 12-mers containing the 5'-TTAGGG sequence were found to predominantly break in the GGG region, whereas no selective bond cleavage region was observed for the reversed 5'-GGGATT sequence. For G-quadruplex structures, fragmentation was quenched and mostly non-dissociative single and double electron removal was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Li
- Zernike Institute for Advanced MaterialsUniversity of GroningenNijenborgh 49747AGGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Edita Mjekiqi
- Zernike Institute for Advanced MaterialsUniversity of GroningenNijenborgh 49747AGGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Wessel Douma
- Zernike Institute for Advanced MaterialsUniversity of GroningenNijenborgh 49747AGGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Xin Wang
- Zernike Institute for Advanced MaterialsUniversity of GroningenNijenborgh 49747AGGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Oksana Kavatsyuk
- Zernike Institute for Advanced MaterialsUniversity of GroningenNijenborgh 49747AGGroningenThe Netherlands
- University College GroningenUniversity of GroningenHoendiepskade 23/249718 BGGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Ronnie Hoekstra
- Zernike Institute for Advanced MaterialsUniversity of GroningenNijenborgh 49747AGGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Jean‐Christophe Poully
- CIMAP laboratory UMR 6252Université de Caen Normandie/CEA/CNRS/ENSICAENBd Becquerel14070CAEN Cedex 5France
| | - Thomas Schlathölter
- Zernike Institute for Advanced MaterialsUniversity of GroningenNijenborgh 49747AGGroningenThe Netherlands
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21
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Soumboundou M, Nkengurutse I, Dossou J, Colicchio B, Djebou C, Gadji M, Houenon G, Dem A, Dedjan A, Diarra M, Adjibade R, Finot F, Hempel W, Dieterlen A, Jeandidier E, Rodriguez-Lafrasse C, M'kacher R. Biological Dosimetry Network in Africa: Establishment of a Dose-Response Curve Using Telomere and Centromere Staining. HEALTH PHYSICS 2019; 117:618-624. [PMID: 31211757 DOI: 10.1097/hp.0000000000001102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Biological dosimetry, based on the relationship between the absorbed dose after exposure to ionizing radiation and the frequency of scored aberrations, has been and continues to be an important tool for estimating the dose after exposure. Dicentric chromosomes are considered to be the most specific and sensitive aberration related to radiation exposure. Here, we established the dose-response curve following in vitro irradiation of circulating lymphocytes from healthy donors from three African countries after scoring unstable chromosomal aberrations. MATERIALS AND METHODS Blood samples from 16 African donors were exposed to various doses (0 to 4 Gy) using an X-RAD320 x-ray system with a maximum photon energy of 250 kV at a dose rate of 0.1 Gy min. Blood lymphocytes were cultured for 48 h, and chromosomal aberrations were scored during the first mitosis by telomere and centromere staining. The distribution of dicentric chromosomes was determined. RESULTS No dicentric chromosomes were found after the analysis of 2,669 first-division metaphases before in vitro exposure. We established a linear-quadratic dose-response curve based on the frequency of dicentric and ring chromosomes and calculated double-strand breaks, taking into account all scored aberrations. CONCLUSION The generation of a specific dose-response curve for African donors will allow the practice of precise biological dosimetry in these countries. This work is the first step towards realizing an African biodosimetry network and the establishment of a biological dosimetry laboratory, which could play a major role in the application of radioprotection norms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamadou Soumboundou
- Laboratoire de Biophysique, UFR-Santé Thiès, Hôpital pour Enfants de Diamniadio, Sénégal
| | | | - Julien Dossou
- Laboratoire de Biologie Appliquée (LARBA)/Unité de Recherche en Carcinogénèse et Morphologie Humaines (URCMH) de l'Ecole Polytechnique de l'Université d'Abomey-Calavi, Bénin
| | - Bruno Colicchio
- IRIMAS, Institut de Recherche en Informatique, Mathématiques, Automatique et Signal, Université de Haute-Alsace, Mulhouse, France
| | - Catherine Djebou
- Laboratoire de Biologie Appliquée (LARBA)/Unité de Recherche en Carcinogénèse et Morphologie Humaines (URCMH) de l'Ecole Polytechnique de l'Université d'Abomey-Calavi, Bénin
| | - Macoura Gadji
- Laboratoire Hématologie, Université Cheikh Anta DIOP-Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Germain Houenon
- Laboratoire de Biologie Appliquée (LARBA)/Unité de Recherche en Carcinogénèse et Morphologie Humaines (URCMH) de l'Ecole Polytechnique de l'Université d'Abomey-Calavi, Bénin
| | - Ahmadou Dem
- Institut de Cancérologie Marie-Curie, Département Oncologie, Université Cheikh Anta DIOP-Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Alexandre Dedjan
- Laboratoire de Biologie Appliquée (LARBA)/Unité de Recherche en Carcinogénèse et Morphologie Humaines (URCMH) de l'Ecole Polytechnique de l'Université d'Abomey-Calavi, Bénin
| | - Mounibé Diarra
- Laboratoire de Physique-Pharmaceutique, Université Cheikh Anta DIOP-Dakar-Sénégal
| | - Rachad Adjibade
- Laboratoire de Biologie Appliquée (LARBA)/Unité de Recherche en Carcinogénèse et Morphologie Humaines (URCMH) de l'Ecole Polytechnique de l'Université d'Abomey-Calavi, Bénin
| | | | | | - Alain Dieterlen
- IRIMAS, Institut de Recherche en Informatique, Mathématiques, Automatique et Signal, Université de Haute-Alsace, Mulhouse, France
| | - Eric Jeandidier
- Service de Génétique Médicale, Groupe Hospitalier de la Région de Mulhouse Sud-Alsace, Mulhouse, France
| | - Claire Rodriguez-Lafrasse
- Laboratoire de Radiobiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire IPNL, Université de Lyon, Faculté de Médecine Lyon-Sud, Oullins, France
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22
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Ding X, Cheng J, Pang Q, Wei X, Zhang X, Wang P, Yuan Z, Qian D. BIBR1532, a Selective Telomerase Inhibitor, Enhances Radiosensitivity of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Through Increasing Telomere Dysfunction and ATM/CHK1 Inhibition. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2019; 105:861-874. [PMID: 31419512 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2019.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Telomerase is reactivated in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and it increases cell resistance to irradiation through protecting damaged telomeres and enhancing DNA damage repair. We investigated the radiosensitizing effect of BIBR1532, a highly selective telomerase inhibitor, and its corresponding mechanism in NSCLC. METHODS AND MATERIALS Cell proliferation, telomerase activity, and telomere dysfunction-induced foci were measured with CCK-8 assay, real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and immunofluorescence. The effect of BIBR1532 on the response of NSCLC cells to radiation was analyzed using clonogenic survival and xenograft tumor assays. Cell death and cell senescence induced by BIBR1532 or ionizing radiation (IR), or both, were detected with western blotting, flow cytometry, and senescence-association β-galactosidase staining assay. RESULTS We observed dose-dependent direct cytotoxicity of BIBR1532 at relatively high concentrations in NSCLC cells. Low concentrations of BIBR1532 did not appear toxic to NSCLC cells; however, they substantially increased the therapeutic efficacy of IR in vitro by enhancing IR-induced apoptosis, senescence, and mitotic catastrophe. Moreover, in a mouse xenograft model, BIBR1532 treatment synergized with IR at nontoxic dose levels promoted the antitumor efficacy of IR without toxicity to hematologic and internal organs. Mechanistically, lower concentrations of BIBR1532 effectively inhibited telomerase activity and increased IR-induced telomere dysfunction, resulting in disruption of chromosomal stability and inhibition of the ATM/CHK1 (ataxia-telangiectasia-mutated/Checkpoint kinase 1) pathway, which impaired DNA damage repair. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate that disturbances in telomerase function by nontoxic dose levels of BIBR1532 effectively enhance the radiosensitivity of NSCLC cells. This finding provides a rationale for the clinical assessment of BIBR1532 as a radiosensitizer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Ding
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Cyberknife Center, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Jingjing Cheng
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Cyberknife Center, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China; Department of Radiation Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of USTC(University of Science and Technology of China), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Qingsong Pang
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Cyberknife Center, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoying Wei
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Cyberknife Center, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China; Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Ximei Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Cyberknife Center, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Cyberknife Center, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhiyong Yuan
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Cyberknife Center, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.
| | - Dong Qian
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Cyberknife Center, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China; Department of Radiation Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of USTC(University of Science and Technology of China), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China.
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23
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The protective function of non-coding DNA in DNA damage accumulation with age and its roles in age-related diseases. Biogerontology 2019; 20:741-761. [PMID: 31473864 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-019-09832-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Aging is a progressive decline of physiological function in tissue and organ accompanying both accumulation of DNA damage and reduction of non-coding DNA. Peripheral non-coding DNA/heterochromatin has been proposed to protect the genome and centrally-located protein-coding sequences in soma and male germ cells against radiation and the invasion of exogenous nucleic acids. Therefore, this review summarizes the reduction of non-coding DNA/heterochromatin (including telomeric DNA and rDNA) and DNA damage accumulation during normal physiological aging and in various aging-related diseases. Based on analysis of data, it is found that DNA damage accumulation is roughly negatively correlated with the reduction of non-coding DNA and therefore speculated that DNA damage accumulation is likely due to the reduction of non-coding DNA protection in genome defense during aging. Therefore, it is proposed here that means to increase the total amount of non-coding DNA and/or heterochromatin prior to the onset of these diseases could potentially better protect the genome and protein-coding DNA, reduce the incidence of aging-related diseases, and thus lead to better health during aging.
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24
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McKenna MJ, Robinson E, Taylor L, Tompkins C, Cornforth MN, Simon SL, Bailey SM. Chromosome Translocations, Inversions and Telomere Length for Retrospective Biodosimetry on Exposed U.S. Atomic Veterans. Radiat Res 2019; 191:311-322. [PMID: 30714852 PMCID: PMC6492561 DOI: 10.1667/rr15240.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
It has now been over 60 years since U.S. nuclear testing was conducted in the Pacific islands and Nevada, exposing military personnel to varying levels of ionizing radiation. Actual doses are not well-established, as film badges in the 1950s had many limitations. We sought a means of independently assessing dose for comparison with historical film badge records and dose reconstruction conducted in parallel. For the purpose of quantitative retrospective biodosimetry, peripheral blood samples from 12 exposed veterans and 12 age-matched (>80 years) veteran controls were collected and evaluated for radiation-induced chromosome damage utilizing directional genomic hybridization (dGH), a cytogenomics-based methodology that facilitates simultaneous detection of translocations and inversions. Standard calibration curves were constructed from six male volunteers in their mid-20s to reflect the age range of the veterans at time of exposure. Doses were estimated for each veteran using translocation and inversion rates independently; however, combining them by a weighted-average generally improved the accuracy of dose estimations. Various confounding factors were also evaluated for potential effects on chromosome aberration frequencies. Perhaps not surprisingly, smoking and age-associated increases in background frequencies of inversions were observed. Telomere length was also measured, and inverse relationships with both age and combined weighted dose estimates were observed. Interestingly, smokers in the non-exposed control veteran cohort displayed similar telomere lengths as those in the never-smoker exposed veteran group, suggesting that chronic smoking had as much effect on telomere length as a single exposure to radioactive fallout. Taken together, we find that our approach of combined chromosome aberration-based retrospective biodosimetry provided reliable dose estimation capability, particularly on a group average basis, for exposures above statistical detection limits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miles J. McKenna
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
- KromaTiD, Inc., Fort Collins, Colorado
| | | | - Lynn Taylor
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | | | - Michael N. Cornforth
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Steven L. Simon
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Susan M. Bailey
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
- KromaTiD, Inc., Fort Collins, Colorado
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25
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Li H, Wei C, Zhou R, Wang B, Zhang Y, Shao C, Luo Y. Mouse models in modeling aging and cancer. Exp Gerontol 2019; 120:88-94. [PMID: 30876950 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2019.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Mouse models have been widely used in the research of human diseases. Aging, just as cancer, is influenced by the interaction of various genetic and environmental factors. Currently, aging could be induced by many mechanism, including telomere dysfunction, oxidase stress, DNA damage and epigenetic changes. Many of these genetic pathways are also shared by aging and cancer. The mouse models generated to study these pathways might manifest either aging or cancer phenotypes, sometimes both, which in deed has worked as a good model system in understanding the correlation between aging and cancer. Here, we reviewed these mouse models that were generated to model aging or cancer. These mouse models might help us put those related pathways in context and discover essential interactions in cancer and aging regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haili Li
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China; Lab of Molecular Genetics of Aging & Tumor, Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Chuanyu Wei
- Lab of Molecular Genetics of Aging & Tumor, Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Ruoyu Zhou
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China; Lab of Molecular Genetics of Aging & Tumor, Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Boyuan Wang
- Lab of Molecular Genetics of Aging & Tumor, Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Yongjin Zhang
- Lab of Molecular Genetics of Aging & Tumor, Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Chihao Shao
- Lab of Molecular Genetics of Aging & Tumor, Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Ying Luo
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China; Lab of Molecular Genetics of Aging & Tumor, Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China.
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26
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Kwon M, Lee JJ, Min J, Hwang K, Park SG, Kim E, Kim BC, Bhak J, Lee H. Brca2 abrogation engages with the alternative lengthening of telomeres via break‐induced replication. FEBS J 2019; 286:1841-1858. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.14796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mi‐Sun Kwon
- Department of Biological Sciences Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics (IMBG) Seoul National University South Korea
| | - Jennifer J. Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics (IMBG) Seoul National University South Korea
| | - Jaewon Min
- Department of Biological Sciences Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics (IMBG) Seoul National University South Korea
| | - Kwangwoo Hwang
- Department of Biological Sciences Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics (IMBG) Seoul National University South Korea
| | - Seung Gu Park
- Department of Biomedical Engineering UNIST Ulsan Korea
| | - Eun‐Hye Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering UNIST Ulsan Korea
| | | | - Jong Bhak
- Department of Biomedical Engineering UNIST Ulsan Korea
- Clinomics Inc. Ulsan Korea
| | - Hyunsook Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics (IMBG) Seoul National University South Korea
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27
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Exposure to environmental radionuclides associates with tissue-specific impacts on telomerase expression and telomere length. Sci Rep 2019; 9:850. [PMID: 30696885 PMCID: PMC6351625 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37164-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Telomeres, the protective structures at the ends of chromosomes, can be shortened when individuals are exposed to stress. In some species, the enzyme telomerase is expressed in adult somatic tissues, and potentially protects or lengthens telomeres. Telomeres can be damaged by ionizing radiation and oxidative stress, although the effect of chronic exposure to elevated levels of radiation on telomere maintenance is unknown for natural populations. We quantified telomerase expression and telomere length (TL) in different tissues of the bank vole Myodes glareolus, collected from the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone, an environment heterogeneously contaminated with radionuclides, and from uncontaminated control sites elsewhere in Ukraine. Inhabiting the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone was associated with reduced TL in the liver and testis, and upregulation of telomerase in brain and liver. Thus upregulation of telomerase does not appear to associate with longer telomeres but may reflect protective functions other than telomere maintenance or an attempt to maintain shorter telomeres in a stressful environment. Tissue specific differences in the rate of telomere attrition and apparent radiosensitivity weaken the intra-individual correlation in telomere length among tissues in voles exposed to radionuclides. Our data show that ionizing radiation alters telomere homeostasis in wild animal populations in tissue specific ways.
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28
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Bakhos-Douaihy D, Desmaze C, Jeitany M, Gauthier LR, Biard D, Junier MP, Chneiweiss H, Boussin FD. ALT cancer cells are specifically sensitive to lysine acetyl transferase inhibition. Oncotarget 2019; 10:773-784. [PMID: 30774779 PMCID: PMC6366824 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Some cancer cells elongate their telomeres through the ALT (alternative lengthening of telomeres) pathway, which is based on homologous recombination for the addition of telomere repeats without telomerase activity. General control non-derepressible 5 (GCN5) and P300/CBP-associated factor (PCAF), two homologous lysine acetyltransferases, exert opposite effects on the ALT pathway, inhibiting or favoring it respectively. Here we show that ALT cells are particularly sensitive to the inhibition of acetyltransferases activities using Anacardic Acid (AA). AA treatment recapitulates the effect of PCAF knockdown on several ALT features, suggesting that AA decreased the ALT mechanism through the inhibition of lysine transferase activity of PCAF, but not that of GCN5. Furthermore, AA specifically sensitizes human ALT cells to radiation as compared to telomerase-positive cells suggesting that the inhibition of lysine acetyltransferases activity may be used to increase the radiotherapy efficiency against ALT cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalal Bakhos-Douaihy
- Laboratoire de Radiopathologie, CEA, Institut de Radiobiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.,INSERM U1276, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.,Université Paris-Diderot, U1276, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.,Université Paris-Sud, U1276, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Chantal Desmaze
- Laboratoire de Radiopathologie, CEA, Institut de Radiobiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.,INSERM U1276, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.,Université Paris-Diderot, U1276, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.,Université Paris-Sud, U1276, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Maya Jeitany
- Laboratoire de Radiopathologie, CEA, Institut de Radiobiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.,INSERM U1276, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.,Université Paris-Diderot, U1276, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.,Université Paris-Sud, U1276, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Laurent R Gauthier
- Laboratoire de Radiopathologie, CEA, Institut de Radiobiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.,INSERM U1276, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.,Université Paris-Diderot, U1276, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.,Université Paris-Sud, U1276, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Denis Biard
- CEA, Institut de Biologie François Jacob, SEPIA, Team Cellular Engineering and Human Syndromes, Université Paris-Saclay, F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Marie-Pierre Junier
- Neuroscience Paris Seine-IBPS, CNRS UMR8246, Inserm U1130, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Hervé Chneiweiss
- Neuroscience Paris Seine-IBPS, CNRS UMR8246, Inserm U1130, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - François D Boussin
- Laboratoire de Radiopathologie, CEA, Institut de Radiobiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.,INSERM U1276, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.,Université Paris-Diderot, U1276, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.,Université Paris-Sud, U1276, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
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29
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Wagner CL, Hanumanthu VS, Talbot CC, Abraham RS, Hamm D, Gable DL, Kanakry CG, Applegate CD, Siliciano J, Jackson JB, Desiderio S, Alder JK, Luznik L, Armanios M. Short telomere syndromes cause a primary T cell immunodeficiency. J Clin Invest 2018; 128:5222-5234. [PMID: 30179220 DOI: 10.1172/jci120216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms that drive T cell aging are not understood. We report that children and adult telomerase mutation carriers with short telomere length (TL) develop a T cell immunodeficiency that can manifest in the absence of bone marrow failure and causes life-threatening opportunistic infections. Mutation carriers shared T cell-aging phenotypes seen in adults 5 decades older, including depleted naive T cells, increased apoptosis, and restricted T cell repertoire. T cell receptor excision circles (TRECs) were also undetectable or low, suggesting that newborn screening may identify individuals with germline telomere maintenance defects. Telomerase-null mice with short TL showed defects throughout T cell development, including increased apoptosis of stimulated thymocytes, their intrathymic precursors, in addition to depleted hematopoietic reserves. When we examined the transcriptional programs of T cells from telomerase mutation carriers, we found they diverged from older adults with normal TL. Short telomere T cells upregulated DNA damage and intrinsic apoptosis pathways, while older adult T cells upregulated extrinsic apoptosis pathways and programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) expression. T cells from mice with short TL also showed an active DNA-damage response, in contrast with old WT mice, despite their shared propensity to apoptosis. Our data suggest there are TL-dependent and TL-independent mechanisms that differentially contribute to distinct molecular programs of T cell apoptosis with aging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - C Conover Talbot
- Institute for Basic Biomedical Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Roshini S Abraham
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - David Hamm
- Adaptive Biotechnologies, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Stephen Desiderio
- Institute for Basic Biomedical Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, and.,Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Leo Luznik
- Department of Oncology and.,Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, and
| | - Mary Armanios
- Department of Oncology and.,McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine.,Department of Pathology.,Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, and.,Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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30
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Assani G, Xiong Y, Zhou F, Zhou Y. Effect of therapies-mediated modulation of telomere and/or telomerase on cancer cells radiosensitivity. Oncotarget 2018; 9:35008-35025. [PMID: 30405890 PMCID: PMC6201854 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death in the world. Many strategies of cancer treatment such as radiotherapy which plays a key role in cancer treatment are developed and used nowadays. However, the side effects post-cancer radiotherapy and cancer radioresistance are two major causes of the limitation of cancer radiotherapy effectiveness in the cancer patients. Moreover, reduction of the limitation of cancer radiotherapy effectiveness by reducing the side effects post-cancer radiotherapy and cancer radioresistance is the aim of several radiotherapy-oncologic teams. Otherwise, Telomere and telomerase are two cells components which play an important role in cancer initiation, cancer progression and cancer therapy resistance such as radiotherapy resistance. For resolving the problems of the limitation of cancer radiotherapy effectiveness especially the cancer radio-resistance problems, the radio-gene-therapy strategy which is the use of gene-therapy via modulation of gene expression combined with radiotherapy was developed and used as a new strategy to treat the patients with cancer. In this review, we summarized the information concerning the implication of telomere and telomerase modulation in cancer radiosensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganiou Assani
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biology Behaviors, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yudi Xiong
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biology Behaviors, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fuxiang Zhou
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biology Behaviors, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yunfeng Zhou
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biology Behaviors, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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31
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Muoio D, Berardinelli F, Leone S, Coluzzi E, di Masi A, Doria F, Freccero M, Sgura A, Folini M, Antoccia A. Naphthalene diimide-derivatives G-quadruplex ligands induce cell proliferation inhibition, mild telomeric dysfunction and cell cycle perturbation in U251MG glioma cells. FEBS J 2018; 285:3769-3785. [PMID: 30095224 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In the present paper, the biological effects of three different naphthalene diimides (NDIs) G-quadruplex (G4) ligands (H-NDI-Tyr, H-NDI-NMe2, and tetra-NDI-NMe2) were comparatively evaluated to those exerted by RHPS4, a well-characterized telomeric G4-ligand, in an in vitro model of glioblastoma. Data indicated that NDIs were very effective in blocking cell proliferation at nanomolar concentrations, although displaying a lower specificity for telomere targeting compared to RHPS4. In addition, differently from RHPS4, NDIs failed to enhance the effect of ionizing radiation, thus suggesting that additional targets other than telomeres could be involved in the strong NDI-mediated anti-proliferative effects. In order to test telomeric off-target action of NDIs, a panel of genes involved in tumor progression, DNA repair, telomere maintenance, and cell-cycle regulation were evaluated at transcriptional and translational level. Specifically, the compounds were able to cause a marked reduction of TERT and BCL2 amounts as well as to favor the accumulation of proteins involved in cell cycle control. A detailed cytofluorimetric analysis of cell cycle progression by means of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation and staining of phospho-histone H3 indicated that NDIs greatly reduce the progression through S-phase and lead to G1 accumulation of BrdU-positive cells. Taken together, these data indicated that, besides effects on telomeres and oncogenes such as Tert and Bcl2, nanomolar concentrations of NDIs determined a sustained block of cell proliferation by slowing down cell cycle progression during S-phase. In conclusion, our data indicate that NDIs G4-ligands are powerful antiproliferative agents, which act through mechanisms that ultimately lead to altered cell-cycle control.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Marco Folini
- Dipartimento di Ricerca Applicata e Sviluppo Tecnologico, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di MIlano, Milano, Italy
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32
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Chen B, Zhang Y, Yang Y, Chen S, Xu A, Wu L, Xu S. Involvement of telomerase activity inhibition and telomere dysfunction in silver nanoparticles anticancer effects. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2018; 13:2067-2082. [PMID: 30203702 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2018-0036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the possible mechanisms of telomerase and telomere underlying the anticancer effects of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). MATERIALS & METHODS 25nm polyvinylpyrrolidone-coated AgNPs were used. The telomerase activity and telomere function were evaluated. The anticancer effects of AgNPs were gauged with cell viability assay under different statement of telomerase and telomere. RESULTS & CONCLUSION AgNPs could inhibit telomerase activity and lead to telomere shortening and dysfunction. Overexpression of telomerase attenuated the anticancer activity of AgNPs, whereas downregulation of telomerase activity or dysfunction of the telomere enhanced the cytotoxicity of AgNPs in HeLa cells. Our findings provided strong evidence that the anticancer effects of AgNPs were mediated via interference with the telomerase/telomere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Chen
- School of Environmental Science & Optoelectronic Technology, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, PR China.,Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field & Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, PR China
| | - Yajun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field & Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, PR China.,Institute of Physical & Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, PR China
| | - Yaning Yang
- School of Environmental Science & Optoelectronic Technology, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, PR China.,Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field & Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, PR China
| | - Shaopeng Chen
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field & Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, PR China.,Institute of Physical & Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, PR China
| | - An Xu
- School of Environmental Science & Optoelectronic Technology, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, PR China.,Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field & Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, PR China.,Institute of Physical & Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, PR China
| | - Lijun Wu
- School of Environmental Science & Optoelectronic Technology, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, PR China.,Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field & Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology & Pollution Control Technology of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, PR China.,Institute of Physical & Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, PR China
| | - Shengmin Xu
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field & Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology & Pollution Control Technology of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, PR China
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Association of Telomere Length With Chromosomal Damage Among Chinese Workers Exposed to Vinyl Chloride Monomer. J Occup Environ Med 2018; 59:e252-e256. [PMID: 29215482 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000001177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the relationship between relative telomere length (RTL) and chromosomal damage represented by micronucleus (MN) frequencies among vinyl chloride monomer (VCM) -exposed workers. METHODS A group of 126 VCM-exposed workers, 60 internal controls, and 25 external controls were examined for RTL by Quantitative polymerase chain reaction and MN frequencies by cytokinesis-block micronucleus test. Cumulative exposure dose was used to estimate the exposure of VCM-exposed workers. RESULTS The RTL were significantly shorter in exposed workers and internal controls than in external controls. The exposed workers had significantly increased MN frequencies than both control groups. Additionally, MN frequencies were negatively associated with RTL in VCM-exposed group. CONCLUSIONS VCM exposure may alter telomere length, which could be a potential biomarker of susceptibility to chromosomal damage.
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Ahmed EA, Rosemann M, Scherthan H. NHEJ Contributes to the Fast Repair of Radiation-induced DNA Double-strand Breaks at Late Prophase I Telomeres. HEALTH PHYSICS 2018; 115:102-107. [PMID: 29787435 DOI: 10.1097/hp.0000000000000852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Exposure of cells to ionizing radiation induces DNA double-strand breaks. To repair double-strand breaks correctly, cells must distinguish between the ends of chromosomes (telomeres) and DNA double-strand breaks within chromosomes. Double-strand breaks in telomeric DNA may lead to telomere shortening and mutagenesis. Eukaryotic cells repair double-strand breaks primarily by two mechanisms: error-free homologous recombination and error-prone nonhomologous end joining, of which homologous recombination is used in early meiotic prophase I to create recombined haploid gametes by two meiotic cell divisions lacking an intervening S-phase. Genotoxic exposures put meiosis at risk to transmit mutations, and ionizing radiation is known to induce large double-strand break-marking phospho (gamma)-H2AX foci along the cores and ends of mouse meiotic chromosomes. However, it remained unclear through which repair pathway the ionizing radiation-induced telomeric double-strand breaks are repaired in late prophase I spermatocytes. Using male wild-type and nonhomologous end joining-deficient (severe combined immunodeficient) mice, this study investigated the kinetics of in vivo double-strand break formation and repair at telomeres of late prophase I chromosomes up to 12 h after 0.5 Gy of whole-body gamma irradiation. Late pachytene and diplotene spermatocytes revealed overlapping gamma-H2AX and telomere repeat signal foci, indicating telomeric DNA damage. The comparison of double-strand break repair rates at telomeres and internal prophase chromosome sites revealed a more rapid double-strand break repair at wild-type telomeres during the first hour after irradiation. Increased double-strand break foci numbers at nonhomologous end joining-deficient telomeres and chromosomes and a slowed repair rate in this DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit mutant suggest that the fast repair of double-strand breaks in telomeric DNA repeats during late prophase I is largely mediated by canonical nonhomologous end joining.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emad A Ahmed
- Lab of Immunology and Molecular Physiology, Zoology Department, Assiut University, 71515 Assiut, Egypt
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, affiliated to the University of Ulm, Neuherbergstr. 11, 80937 Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Rosemann
- Institute of Radiation Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Harry Scherthan
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, affiliated to the University of Ulm, Neuherbergstr. 11, 80937 Munich, Germany
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35
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Turcotte CA, Sloat SA, Rigothi JA, Rosenkranse E, Northrup AL, Andrews NP, Checchi PM. Maintenance of Genome Integrity by Mi2 Homologs CHD-3 and LET-418 in Caenorhabditis elegans. Genetics 2018; 208:991-1007. [PMID: 29339410 PMCID: PMC5844346 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.118.300686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Meiotic recombination depends upon the tightly coordinated regulation of chromosome dynamics and is essential for the production of haploid gametes. Central to this process is the formation and repair of meiotic double-stranded breaks (DSBs), which must take place within the constraints of a specialized chromatin architecture. Here, we demonstrate a role for the nucleosome remodeling and deacetylase (NuRD) complex in orchestrating meiotic chromosome dynamics in Caenorhabditis elegans Our data reveal that the conserved Mi2 homologs Chromodomain helicase DNA-binding protein (CHD-3) and its paralog LET-418 facilitate meiotic progression by ensuring faithful repair of DSBs through homologous recombination. We discovered that loss of either CHD-3 or LET-418 results in elevated p53-dependent germ line apoptosis, which relies on the activation of the conserved checkpoint kinase CHK-1 Consistent with these findings, chd-3 and let-418 mutants produce a reduced number of offspring, indicating a role for Mi2 in forming viable gametes. When Mi2 function is compromised, persisting recombination intermediates are detected in late pachytene nuclei, indicating a failure in the timely repair of DSBs. Intriguingly, our data indicate that in Mi2 mutant germ lines, a subset of DSBs are repaired by nonhomologous end joining, which manifests as chromosomal fusions. We find that meiotic defects are exacerbated in Mi2 mutants lacking CKU-80, as evidenced by increased recombination intermediates, corpses, and defects in chromosomal integrity. Taken together, our findings support a model wherein the C. elegans Mi2 complex maintains genomic integrity through reinforcement of a chromatin landscape suitable for homology-driven repair mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Solomon A Sloat
- Department of Biology, Marist College, Poughkeepsie, New York 12601
| | - Julia A Rigothi
- Department of Biology, Marist College, Poughkeepsie, New York 12601
| | | | | | | | - Paula M Checchi
- Department of Biology, Marist College, Poughkeepsie, New York 12601
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36
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Bejarano L, Schuhmacher AJ, Méndez M, Megías D, Blanco-Aparicio C, Martínez S, Pastor J, Squatrito M, Blasco MA. Inhibition of TRF1 Telomere Protein Impairs Tumor Initiation and Progression in Glioblastoma Mouse Models and Patient-Derived Xenografts. Cancer Cell 2017; 32:590-607.e4. [PMID: 29136505 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2017.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a deadly and common brain tumor. Poor prognosis is linked to high proliferation and cell heterogeneity, including glioma stem cells (GSCs). Telomere genes are frequently mutated. The telomere binding protein TRF1 is essential for telomere protection, and for adult and pluripotent stem cells. Here, we find TRF1 upregulation in mouse and human GBM. Brain-specific Trf1 genetic deletion in GBM mouse models inhibited GBM initiation and progression, increasing survival. Trf1 deletion increased telomeric DNA damage and reduced proliferation and stemness. TRF1 chemical inhibitors mimicked these effects in human GBM cells and also blocked tumor sphere formation and tumor growth in xenografts from patient-derived primary GSCs. Thus, targeting telomeres throughout TRF1 inhibition is an effective therapeutic strategy for GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leire Bejarano
- Telomeres and Telomerase Group, Molecular Oncology Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Alberto J Schuhmacher
- Seve-Ballesteros Foundation Brain Tumor Group, Cancer Cell Biology Program, Spanish National Cancer Centre (CNIO), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Marinela Méndez
- Telomeres and Telomerase Group, Molecular Oncology Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Diego Megías
- Confocal Microscopy Unit, Biotechnology Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, 28029 Spain
| | - Carmen Blanco-Aparicio
- Experimental Therapeutics Program, Spanish National Cancer Centre (CNIO), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Sonia Martínez
- Experimental Therapeutics Program, Spanish National Cancer Centre (CNIO), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Joaquín Pastor
- Experimental Therapeutics Program, Spanish National Cancer Centre (CNIO), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Massimo Squatrito
- Seve-Ballesteros Foundation Brain Tumor Group, Cancer Cell Biology Program, Spanish National Cancer Centre (CNIO), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Maria A Blasco
- Telomeres and Telomerase Group, Molecular Oncology Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, Madrid, 28029, Spain.
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37
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The activation of telomere maintenance pathways has long been regarded as a key hallmark of cancer and this has propelled the development of novel inhibitors of telomerase. In this review, we detail the background biology on telomere maintenance in health and disease, then concentrate on the recent preclinical and clinical development behind targeting telomerase in blood cancers. RECENT FINDINGS Preclinical and clinical studies have shown that imetelstat, a competitive inhibitor of telomerase, has activity in certain hematologic malignancies, in particular the myeloproliferative neoplasms and acute myeloid leukemia. SUMMARY Telomerase inhibition has shown remarkable efficacy in myeloid malignancies, and current and future preclinical and clinical studies are necessary to comprehensively investigate its underlying mechanism of action. Future work should identify the potential genetic susceptibilities to telomerase inhibition therapy, and evaluate rational combinations of telomerase inhibitors with chemotherapy and other novel agents. Robust preclinical evaluation is essential to best translate these new agents successfully into our clinical treatment algorithm for myeloid and other blood cancers.
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Abstract
An integrated genomic and functional analysis to elucidate DNA damage signaling factors promoting self-renewal of glioma stem cells (GSCs) identified proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)-associated factor (PAF) up-regulation in glioblastoma. PAF is preferentially overexpressed in GSCs. Its depletion impairs maintenance of self-renewal without promoting differentiation and reduces tumor-initiating cell frequency. Combined transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses revealed that PAF supports GSC maintenance, in part, by influencing DNA replication and pyrimidine metabolism pathways. PAF interacts with PCNA and regulates PCNA-associated DNA translesion synthesis (TLS); consequently, PAF depletion in combination with radiation generated fewer tumorspheres compared with radiation alone. Correspondingly, pharmacological impairment of DNA replication and TLS phenocopied the effect of PAF depletion in compromising GSC self-renewal and radioresistance, providing preclinical proof of principle that combined TLS inhibition and radiation therapy may be a viable therapeutic option in the treatment of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM).
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39
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Wu X, Zhang J, Yang S, Kuang Z, Tan G, Yang G, Wei Q, Guo Z. Telomerase antagonist imetelstat increases radiation sensitivity in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Oncotarget 2017; 8:13600-13619. [PMID: 28099140 PMCID: PMC5355123 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The morbidity and mortality of esophageal cancer is one of the highest around the world and the principal therapeutic method is radiation. Thus, searching for sensitizers with lower toxicity and higher efficiency to improve the efficacy of radiation therapy is critical essential. Our research group has previously reported that imetelstat, the thio-phosphoramidate oligonucleotide inhibitor of telomerase, can decrease cell proliferation and colony formation ability as well as increase DNA breaks induced by radiation in esophageal cancer cells. Further study in this project showed that imetelstat significantly sensitized esophageal cancer cells to radiation in vitro. Later study showed that imetelstat leads to increased cell apoptosis. We also measured the expression level of several DNA repair and apoptosis signaling proteins. pS345 CHK1, γ-H2AX, p53 and caspase3 expression were up-regulated in imetelstat treated cells, identifying these factors as molecular markers. Mouse in vivo model using imetelstat at clinically achievable concentrations and fractionated irradiation scheme yielded results demonstrating radiosensitization effect. Finally, TUNEL assay, caspase 3 and Ki67 staining in tumor tissue proved that imetelstat sensitized esophageal cancer to radiation in vivo through promoting cell apoptosis and inhibiting cell proliferation. Our study supported imetelstat increase radiation sensitivity of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma through inducing cell apoptosis and the specific inhibitor of telomerase might serve as a potential novel therapeutic tool for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuping Wu
- The Second Hospital of Nanjing Affiliated to Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing 210003, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Sijun Yang
- ABSL-3 Laboratory at The Center for Animal Experiment and State Key Lab of Virology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Zhihui Kuang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Guolei Tan
- The Second Hospital of Nanjing Affiliated to Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing 210003, China
| | - Gang Yang
- The Second Hospital of Nanjing Affiliated to Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing 210003, China
| | - Qichun Wei
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 31009, China
| | - Zhigang Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
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40
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Frenzel M, Ricoul M, Benadjaoud MA, Bellamy M, Lenain A, Haddy N, Diallo I, Mateus C, de Vathaire F, Sabatier L. Retrospective cohort study and biobanking of patients treated for hemangioma in childhood – telomeres as biomarker of aging and radiation exposure. Int J Radiat Biol 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2017.1337278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Monika Frenzel
- PROCyTOX (Radiation Oncology, Cytogenetics, and Toxicology Platform), DRF Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives CEA, Paris, Saclay, France
| | - Michelle Ricoul
- PROCyTOX (Radiation Oncology, Cytogenetics, and Toxicology Platform), DRF Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives CEA, Paris, Saclay, France
| | | | - Marion Bellamy
- PROCyTOX (Radiation Oncology, Cytogenetics, and Toxicology Platform), DRF Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives CEA, Paris, Saclay, France
- Radiation Epidemiology Group, INSERM U1018, Villejuif, Université Paris, Saclay, France
| | - Aude Lenain
- PROCyTOX (Radiation Oncology, Cytogenetics, and Toxicology Platform), DRF Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives CEA, Paris, Saclay, France
| | - Nadia Haddy
- Radiation Epidemiology Group, INSERM U1018, Villejuif, Université Paris, Saclay, France
| | - Ibrahima Diallo
- Radiation Epidemiology Group, INSERM U1018, Villejuif, Université Paris, Saclay, France
| | - Christine Mateus
- Service de dermatologie, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Département de Médecine Oncologique, Villejuif, France
| | - Florent de Vathaire
- Radiation Epidemiology Group, INSERM U1018, Villejuif, Université Paris, Saclay, France
| | - Laure Sabatier
- PROCyTOX (Radiation Oncology, Cytogenetics, and Toxicology Platform), DRF Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives CEA, Paris, Saclay, France
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Control of Cellular Aging, Tissue Function, and Cancer by p53 Downstream of Telomeres. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2017; 7:cshperspect.a026088. [PMID: 28289249 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a026088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Telomeres, the nucleoprotein complex at the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes, perform an essential cellular role in part by preventing the chromosomal end from initiating a DNA-damage response. This function of telomeres can be compromised as telomeres erode either as a consequence of cell division in culture or as a normal part of cellular ageing in proliferative tissues. Telomere dysfunction in this context leads to DNA-damage signaling and activation of the tumor-suppressor protein p53, which then can prompt either cellular senescence or apoptosis. By culling cells with dysfunctional telomeres, p53 plays a critical role in protecting tissues against the effects of critically short telomeres. However, as telomere dysfunction worsens, p53 likely exacerbates short telomere-driven tissue failure diseases, including pulmonary fibrosis, aplastic anemia, and liver cirrhosis. In cells lacking p53, unchecked telomere shortening drives chromosomal end-to-end fusions and cycles of chromosome fusion-bridge-breakage. Incipient cancer cells confronting these telomere barriers must disable p53 signaling to avoid senescence and eventually up-regulate telomerase to achieve cellular immortality. The recent findings of highly recurrent activating mutations in the promoter for the telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) gene in diverse human cancers, together with the widespread mutations in p53 in cancer, provide support for the idea that circumvention of a telomere-p53 checkpoint is essential for malignant progression in human cancer.
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42
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Berardinelli F, Coluzzi E, Sgura A, Antoccia A. Targeting telomerase and telomeres to enhance ionizing radiation effects in in vitro and in vivo cancer models. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2017; 773:204-219. [PMID: 28927529 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2017.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
One of the hallmarks of cancer consists in the ability of tumor cells to divide indefinitely, and to maintain stable telomere lengths throughout the activation of specific telomere maintenance mechanisms (TMM). Therefore in the last fifteen years, researchers proposed to target telomerase or telomeric structure in order to block limitless replicative potential of cancer cells providing a fascinating strategy for a broad-spectrum cancer therapy. In the present review, we report in vitro and in vivo evidence regarding the use of chemical agents targeting both telomerase or telomere structure and showing promising antitumor effects when used in combination with ionizing radiation (IR). RNA interference, antisense oligonucleotides (e.g., GRN163L), non-nucleoside inhibitors (e.g., BIBR1532) and nucleoside analogs (e.g., AZT) represent some of the most potent strategies to inhibit telomerase activity used in combination with IR. Furthermore, radiosensitizing effects were demonstrated also for agents acting directly on the telomeric structure such as G4-ligands (e.g., RHPS4 and Telomestatin) or telomeric-oligos (T-oligos). To date, some of these compounds are under clinical evaluation (e.g., GRN163L and KML001). Advantages of Telomere/Telomerase Targeting Compounds (T/TTCs) coupled with radiotherapy may be relevant in the treatment of radioresistant tumors and in the development of new optimized treatment plans with reduced dose adsorbed by patients and consequent attenuation of short- end long-term side effects. Pros and cons of possible future applications in cancer therapy based on the combination of T/TCCs and radiation treatment are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Berardinelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze, Università Roma Tre, Rome Italy; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, INFN, Sezione di Roma Tre, Rome, Italy.
| | - E Coluzzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze, Università Roma Tre, Rome Italy
| | - A Sgura
- Dipartimento di Scienze, Università Roma Tre, Rome Italy; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, INFN, Sezione di Roma Tre, Rome, Italy
| | - A Antoccia
- Dipartimento di Scienze, Università Roma Tre, Rome Italy; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, INFN, Sezione di Roma Tre, Rome, Italy
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43
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Waghorn PA, Jackson MR, Gouverneur V, Vallis KA. Targeting telomerase with radiolabeled inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 125:117-129. [PMID: 27657809 PMCID: PMC5154340 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Revised: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The expression of telomerase in approximately 85% of cancers and its absence in the majority of normal cells makes it an attractive target for cancer therapy. However the lag period between initiation of telomerase inhibition and growth arrest makes direct inhibition alone an insufficient method of treatment. However, telomerase inhibition has been shown to enhance cancer cell radiosensitivity. To investigate the strategy of simultaneously inhibiting telomerase while delivering targeted radionuclide therapy to cancer cells, 123I-radiolabeled inhibitors of telomerase were synthesized and their effects on cancer cell survival studied. An 123I-labeled analogue of the telomerase inhibitor MST-312 inhibited telomerase with an IC50 of 1.58 μM (MST-312 IC50: 0.23 μM). Clonogenic assays showed a dose dependant effect of 123I-MST-312 on cell survival in a telomerase positive cell line, MDA-MB-435.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip A Waghorn
- CR-UK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Off Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK.
| | - Mark R Jackson
- CR-UK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Off Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK.
| | - Veronique Gouverneur
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK.
| | - Katherine A Vallis
- CR-UK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Off Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK.
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44
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Finot F, Kaddour A, Morat L, Mouche I, Zaguia N, Cuceu C, Souverville D, Négrault S, Cariou O, Essahli A, Prigent N, Saul J, Paillard F, Heidingsfelder L, Lafouge P, Al Jawhari M, Hempel WM, El May M, Colicchio B, Dieterlen A, Jeandidier E, Sabatier L, Clements J, M'Kacher R. Genotoxic risk of ethyl-paraben could be related to telomere shortening. J Appl Toxicol 2016; 37:758-771. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.3425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2016] [Revised: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- F. Finot
- Covance Laboratory; 78440 Porcheville France
- Cell Environment; Paris France
| | - A. Kaddour
- Cell Environment; Paris France
- Tunis El Manar University; School of Medicine; Tunis Tunisia
| | - L. Morat
- Radiology and Oncology Laboratory, IRCM, DSV; Commissariat à l'energie atomique (CEA); Fontenay-aux Roses France
| | - I. Mouche
- Covance Laboratory; 78440 Porcheville France
- Cell Environment; Paris France
| | - N. Zaguia
- Radiology and Oncology Laboratory, IRCM, DSV; Commissariat à l'energie atomique (CEA); Fontenay-aux Roses France
| | - C. Cuceu
- Radiology and Oncology Laboratory, IRCM, DSV; Commissariat à l'energie atomique (CEA); Fontenay-aux Roses France
| | | | - S. Négrault
- Covance Laboratory; 78440 Porcheville France
| | - O. Cariou
- Covance Laboratory; 78440 Porcheville France
| | - A. Essahli
- Covance Laboratory; 78440 Porcheville France
| | - N. Prigent
- Covance Laboratory; 78440 Porcheville France
| | - J. Saul
- Covance Laboratories; Yorkshire HG3 1PY UK
| | - F. Paillard
- Covance Laboratory; 78440 Porcheville France
| | | | - P. Lafouge
- Covance Laboratory; 78440 Porcheville France
| | | | - W. M. Hempel
- Radiology and Oncology Laboratory, IRCM, DSV; Commissariat à l'energie atomique (CEA); Fontenay-aux Roses France
| | - M. El May
- Tunis El Manar University; School of Medicine; Tunis Tunisia
| | - B. Colicchio
- Laboratoire MIPS - Groupe IMTI Université de Haute-Alsace; F-68093 Mulhouse France
| | - A. Dieterlen
- Laboratoire MIPS - Groupe IMTI Université de Haute-Alsace; F-68093 Mulhouse France
| | - E. Jeandidier
- Service de génétique Groupe Hospitalier de la Région de Mulhouse et Sud Alsace; 68070 Mulhouse France
| | - L. Sabatier
- Radiology and Oncology Laboratory, IRCM, DSV; Commissariat à l'energie atomique (CEA); Fontenay-aux Roses France
| | | | - R. M'Kacher
- Cell Environment; Paris France
- Radiology and Oncology Laboratory, IRCM, DSV; Commissariat à l'energie atomique (CEA); Fontenay-aux Roses France
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45
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Black PJ, Miller AS, Hayes JJ. Radioresistance of GGG sequences to prompt strand break formation from direct-type radiation damage. RADIATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOPHYSICS 2016; 55:411-422. [PMID: 27349757 PMCID: PMC5093048 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-016-0660-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
As humans, we are constantly exposed to ionizing radiation from natural, man-made and cosmic sources which can damage DNA, leading to deleterious effects including cancer incidence. In this work, we introduce a method to monitor strand breaks resulting from damage due to the direct effect of ionizing radiation and provide evidence for sequence-dependent effects leading to strand breaks. To analyze only DNA strand breaks caused by radiation damage due to the direct effect of ionizing radiation, we combined an established technique to generate dehydrated DNA samples with a technique to analyze single-strand breaks on short oligonucleotide sequences via denaturing gel electrophoresis. We find that direct damage primarily results in a reduced number of strand breaks in guanine triplet regions (GGG) when compared to isolated guanine (G) bases with identical flanking base context. In addition, we observe strand break behavior possibly indicative of protection of guanine bases when flanked by pyrimidines and sensitization of guanine to strand break when flanked by adenine (A) bases in both isolated G and GGG cases. These observations provide insight into the strand break behavior in GGG regions damaged via the direct effect of ionizing radiation. In addition, this could be indicative of DNA sequences that are naturally more susceptible to strand break due to the direct effect of ionizing radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Black
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Adam S Miller
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.
| | - Jeffrey J Hayes
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
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Qian D, Cheng J, Ding X, Chen X, Chen X, Guan Y, Zhang B, Wang J, Er P, Qiu M, Zeng X, Guo Y, Wang H, Zhao L, Xie D, Yuan Z, Wang P, Pang Q. PinX1 suppresses tumorigenesis by negatively regulating telomerase/telomeres in colorectal carcinoma cells and is a promising molecular marker for patient prognosis. Onco Targets Ther 2016; 9:4821-31. [PMID: 27536146 PMCID: PMC4976919 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s103141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PinX1 plays positive and negative roles in the maintenance of telomerase and telomeres, as well as in tumorigenesis. The aim of the present study was to investigate the expression and clinical significance of PinX1 in colorectal carcinoma (CRC) and to determine the effect of PinX1 on CRC cell proliferation and apoptosis. A total of 86 CRC patients treated with radical resection and 5-fluorouracil-based adjuvant chemotherapy were enrolled in this study. The expression dynamics of PinX1 was detected by immunohistochemistry in the CRC patients and 25 normal colonic mucosa controls. PinX1 expression was significantly reduced in tumor tissues as compared to normal tissues, and the rate of PinX1 protein low/negative expression in CRC and normal tissues was 60% (52/86) and 24% (6/25), respectively (P=0.037). In addition, PinX1 downregulation was significantly associated with short overall survival (P=0.016) and disease-free survival (P=0.042) in CRC patients. Cox proportional hazards model further revealed that PinX1 expression was an independent factor in predicting overall survival and disease-free survival for CRC patients. Furthermore, we demonstrated that ectopic overexpression of PinX1 in CRC cells inhibited their proliferation, promoted apoptosis, repressed telomerase activity, and induced telomere shortening. These findings suggest that PinX1 may be a prognostic biomarker for CRC patients’ survival and that it inhibits cell proliferation and promotes apoptosis by repressing telomerase activity and inducing telomere shortening. Targeting PinX1 may therefore provide a novel therapeutic strategy for CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jiefu Wang
- Department of Colorectal Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Dan Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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Patties I, Kortmann RD, Menzel F, Glasow A. Enhanced inhibition of clonogenic survival of human medulloblastoma cells by multimodal treatment with ionizing irradiation, epigenetic modifiers, and differentiation-inducing drugs. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2016; 35:94. [PMID: 27317342 PMCID: PMC4912728 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-016-0376-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most common pediatric brain tumor. Current treatment regimes consisting of primary surgery followed by radio- and chemotherapy, achieve 5-year overall survival rates of only about 60 %. Therapy-induced endocrine and neurocognitive deficits are common late adverse effects. Thus, improved antitumor strategies are urgently needed. In this study, we combined irradiation (IR) together with epigenetic modifiers and differentiation inducers in a multimodal approach to enhance the efficiency of tumor therapy in MB and also assessed possible late adverse effects on neurogenesis. Methods In three human MB cell lines (DAOY, MEB-Med8a, D283-Med) short-time survival (trypan blue exclusion assay), apoptosis, autophagy, cell cycle distribution, formation of gH2AX foci, and long-term reproductive survival (clonogenic assay) were analyzed after treatment with 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine (5-azadC), valproic acid (VPA), suberanilohydroxamic acid (SAHA), abacavir (ABC), all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and resveratrol (RES) alone or combined with 5-aza-dC and/or IR. Effects of combinatorial treatments on neurogenesis were evaluated in cultured murine hippocampal slices from transgenic nestin-CFPnuc C57BL/J6 mice. Life imaging of nestin-positive neural stem cells was conducted at distinct time points for up to 28 days after treatment start. Results All tested drugs showed a radiosynergistic action on overall clonogenic survival at least in two-outof-three MB cell lines. This effect was pronounced in multimodal treatments combining IR, 5-aza-dC and a second drug. Hereby, ABC and RES induced the strongest reduction of clongenic survival in all three MB cell lines and led to the induction of apoptosis (RES, ABC) and/or autophagy (ABC). Additionally, 5-aza-dC, RES, and ABC increased the S phase cell fraction and induced the formation of gH2AX foci at least in oneout-of-three cell lines. Thereby, the multimodal treatment with 5-aza-dC, IR, and RES or ABC did not change the number of normal neural progenitor cells in murine slice cultures. Conclusion In conclusion, the radiosensitizing capacities of epigenetic and differentiation-inducing drugs presented here suggest that their adjuvant administration might improve MB therapy. Thereby, the combination of 5-aza-dC/IR with ABC and RES seemed to be the most promising to enhance tumor control without affecting the normal neural precursor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ina Patties
- Department of Radiation Therapy, University of Leipzig, Stephanstraße 9a, Leipzig, 04103, Germany.
| | - Rolf-Dieter Kortmann
- Department of Radiation Therapy, University of Leipzig, Stephanstraße 9a, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
| | - Franziska Menzel
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Leipzig, Liebigstraße 13, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Annegret Glasow
- Department of Radiation Therapy, University of Leipzig, Stephanstraße 9a, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
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Chen X, Wang C, Guan S, Liu Y, Han L, Cheng Y. Zidovudine, abacavir and lamivudine increase the radiosensitivity of human esophageal squamous cancer cell lines. Oncol Rep 2016; 36:239-46. [PMID: 27220342 DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.4819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Telomerase is a type of reverse transcriptase that is overexpressed in almost all human tumor cells, but not in normal tissues, which provides an opportunity for radiosensitization targeting telomerase. Zidovudine, abacavir and lamivudine are reverse transcriptase inhibitors that have been applied in clinical practice for several years. We sought to explore the radiosensitization effect of these three drugs on human esophageal cancer cell lines. Eca109 and Eca9706 cells were treated with zidovudine, abacavir and lamivudine for 48 h before irradiation was administered. Samples were collected 1 h after irradiation. Clonal efficiency assay was used to evaluate the effect of the combination of these drugs with radiation doses of 2, 4, 6 and 8 Gy. DNA damage was measured by comet assay. Telomerase activity (TA) and relative telomere length (TL) were detected and evaluated by real-time PCR. Apoptosis rates were assessed by flow cytometric analysis. The results showed that all the drugs tested sensitized the esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) cell lines to radiation through an increase in radiation-induced DNA damage and cell apoptosis, deregulation of TA and decreasing the shortened TL caused by radiation. Each of the drugs investigated (zidovudine, abacavir and lamivudine) could be used for sensitizing human esophageal cancer cell lines to radiation. Consequently, the present study supports the potential of these three drugs as therapeutic agents for the radiosensitization of esophageal squamous cell cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Cong Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Shanghui Guan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Lihui Han
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Yufeng Cheng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
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Bhattacharya S, Asaithamby A. Ionizing radiation and heart risks. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2016; 58:14-25. [PMID: 26849909 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2016.01.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Revised: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease and cancer are the two leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. As advancements in radiation therapy (RT) have significantly increased the number of cancer survivors, the risk of radiation-induced cardiovascular disease (RICD) in this group is a growing concern. Recent epidemiological data suggest that accidental or occupational exposure to low dose radiation, in addition to therapeutic ionizing radiation, can result in cardiovascular complications. The progression of radiation-induced cardiotoxicity often takes years to manifest but is also multifaceted, as the heart may be affected by a variety of pathologies. The risk of cardiovascular disease development in RT cancer survivors has been known for 40 years and several risk factors have been identified in the last two decades. However, most of the early work focused on clinical symptoms and manifestations, rather than understanding cellular processes regulating homeostatic processes of the cardiovascular system in response to radiation. Recent studies have suggested that a different approach may be needed to refute the risk of cardiovascular disease following radiation exposure. In this review, we will focus on how different radiation types and doses may induce cardiovascular complications, highlighting clinical manifestations and the mechanisms involved in the pathophysiology of radiation-induced cardiotoxicity. We will finally discuss how current and future research on heart development and homeostasis can help reduce the incidence of RICD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souparno Bhattacharya
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, United States
| | - Aroumougame Asaithamby
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, United States.
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Vecoli C, Borghini A, Foffa I, Ait-Ali L, Picano E, Andreassi MG. Leukocyte telomere shortening in grown-up patients with congenital heart disease. Int J Cardiol 2016; 204:17-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.11.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Revised: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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