1
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Razavipour SF, Yoon H, Jang K, Kim M, Nawara HM, Bagheri A, Huang WC, Shin M, Zhao D, Zhou Z, Van Boven D, Briegel K, Morey L, Ince TA, Johnson M, Slingerland JM. C-terminally phosphorylated p27 activates self-renewal driver genes to program cancer stem cell expansion, mammary hyperplasia and cancer. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5152. [PMID: 38886396 PMCID: PMC11183067 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48742-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
In many cancers, a stem-like cell subpopulation mediates tumor initiation, dissemination and drug resistance. Here, we report that cancer stem cell (CSC) abundance is transcriptionally regulated by C-terminally phosphorylated p27 (p27pT157pT198). Mechanistically, this arises through p27 co-recruitment with STAT3/CBP to gene regulators of CSC self-renewal including MYC, the Notch ligand JAG1, and ANGPTL4. p27pTpT/STAT3 also recruits a SIN3A/HDAC1 complex to co-repress the Pyk2 inhibitor, PTPN12. Pyk2, in turn, activates STAT3, creating a feed-forward loop increasing stem-like properties in vitro and tumor-initiating stem cells in vivo. The p27-activated gene profile is over-represented in STAT3 activated human breast cancers. Furthermore, mammary transgenic expression of phosphomimetic, cyclin-CDK-binding defective p27 (p27CK-DD) increases mammary duct branching morphogenesis, yielding hyperplasia and microinvasive cancers that can metastasize to liver, further supporting a role for p27pTpT in CSC expansion. Thus, p27pTpT interacts with STAT3, driving transcriptional programs governing stem cell expansion or maintenance in normal and cancer tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyedeh Fatemeh Razavipour
- Cancer Host Interactions Program, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington DC, USA
- Braman Family Breast Cancer Institute, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Fl, USA
| | - Hyunho Yoon
- Braman Family Breast Cancer Institute, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Fl, USA
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon-si, South Korea
| | - Kibeom Jang
- Braman Family Breast Cancer Institute, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Fl, USA
| | - Minsoon Kim
- Braman Family Breast Cancer Institute, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Fl, USA
| | - Hend M Nawara
- Cancer Host Interactions Program, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington DC, USA
| | - Amir Bagheri
- Cancer Host Interactions Program, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington DC, USA
| | - Wei-Chi Huang
- Cancer Host Interactions Program, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington DC, USA
| | - Miyoung Shin
- Braman Family Breast Cancer Institute, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Fl, USA
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Dekuang Zhao
- Braman Family Breast Cancer Institute, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Fl, USA
| | - Zhiqun Zhou
- Braman Family Breast Cancer Institute, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Fl, USA
| | - Derek Van Boven
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Karoline Briegel
- Braman Family Breast Cancer Institute, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Fl, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Fl, USA
| | - Lluis Morey
- Braman Family Breast Cancer Institute, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Fl, USA
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Tan A Ince
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael Johnson
- Cancer Host Interactions Program, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington DC, USA
| | - Joyce M Slingerland
- Cancer Host Interactions Program, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington DC, USA.
- Braman Family Breast Cancer Institute, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Fl, USA.
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2
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Heazlewood SY, Ahmad T, Cao B, Cao H, Domingues M, Sun X, Heazlewood CK, Li S, Williams B, Fulton M, White JF, Nebl T, Nefzger CM, Polo JM, Kile BT, Kraus F, Ryan MT, Sun YB, Choong PFM, Ellis SL, Anko ML, Nilsson SK. High ploidy large cytoplasmic megakaryocytes are hematopoietic stem cells regulators and essential for platelet production. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2099. [PMID: 37055407 PMCID: PMC10102126 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37780-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Megakaryocytes (MK) generate platelets. Recently, we and others, have reported MK also regulate hematopoietic stem cells (HSC). Here we show high ploidy large cytoplasmic megakaryocytes (LCM) are critical negative regulators of HSC and critical for platelet formation. Using a mouse knockout model (Pf4-Srsf3Δ/Δ) with normal MK numbers, but essentially devoid of LCM, we demonstrate a pronounced increase in BM HSC concurrent with endogenous mobilization and extramedullary hematopoiesis. Severe thrombocytopenia is observed in animals with diminished LCM, although there is no change in MK ploidy distribution, uncoupling endoreduplication and platelet production. When HSC isolated from a microenvironment essentially devoid of LCM reconstitute hematopoiesis in lethally irradiated mice, the absence of LCM increases HSC in BM, blood and spleen, and the recapitulation of thrombocytopenia. In contrast, following a competitive transplant using minimal numbers of WT HSC together with HSC from a microenvironment with diminished LCM, sufficient WT HSC-generated LCM regulates a normal HSC pool and prevents thrombocytopenia. Importantly, LCM are conserved in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen Y Heazlewood
- Biomedical Manufacturing, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Tanveer Ahmad
- Biomedical Manufacturing, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Benjamin Cao
- Biomedical Manufacturing, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Huimin Cao
- Biomedical Manufacturing, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Melanie Domingues
- Biomedical Manufacturing, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Xuan Sun
- Biomedical Manufacturing, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Chad K Heazlewood
- Biomedical Manufacturing, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Songhui Li
- Biomedical Manufacturing, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Brenda Williams
- Biomedical Manufacturing, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Madeline Fulton
- Biomedical Manufacturing, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jacinta F White
- Biomedical Manufacturing, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Tom Nebl
- Biomedical Manufacturing, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Christian M Nefzger
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jose M Polo
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Benjamin T Kile
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Felix Kraus
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Michael T Ryan
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Yu B Sun
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Peter F M Choong
- Department of Surgery, St. Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Bone and Soft Tissue Sarcoma Service, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Orthopaedics, St. Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Sarah L Ellis
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Minna-Liisa Anko
- Centre for Reproductive Health and Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Susan K Nilsson
- Biomedical Manufacturing, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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3
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Cell-intrinsic factors governing quiescence vis-à-vis activation of adult hematopoietic stem cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2022; 478:1361-1382. [PMID: 36309884 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-022-04594-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoiesis is a highly complex process, regulated by both intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Often, these two regulatory arms work in tandem to maintain the steady-state condition of hematopoiesis. However, at times, certain intrinsic attributes of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) override the external stimuli and dominate the outcome. These could be genetic events like mutations or environmentally induced epigenetic or transcriptomic changes. Since leukemic stem cells (LSCs) share molecular pathways that also regulate normal HSCs, identifying specific, dominantly acting intrinsic factors could help in the development of novel therapeutic approaches. Here we have reviewed such dominantly acting intrinsic factors governing quiescence vis-à-vis activation of the HSCs in the face of external forces acting on them. For brevity, we have restricted our review to the articles dealing with adult HSCs of human and mouse origin that have been published in the last 10 years. Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are closely associated with various stromal cells in their microenvironment and, thus, constantly receive signaling cues from them. The illustration depicts some dominantly acting intrinsic or cell-autonomous factors operative in the HSCs. These fall into various categories, such as epigenetic regulators, transcription factors, cell cycle regulators, tumor suppressor genes, signaling pathways, and metabolic regulators, which counteract the outcome of extrinsic signaling exerted by the HSC niche.
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4
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Schirripa A, Sexl V, Kollmann K. Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors in malignant hematopoiesis. Front Oncol 2022; 12:916682. [PMID: 36033505 PMCID: PMC9403899 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.916682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The cell-cycle is a tightly orchestrated process where sequential steps guarantee cellular growth linked to a correct DNA replication. The entire cell division is controlled by cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs). CDK activation is balanced by the activating cyclins and CDK inhibitors whose correct expression, accumulation and degradation schedule the time-flow through the cell cycle phases. Dysregulation of the cell cycle regulatory proteins causes the loss of a controlled cell division and is inevitably linked to neoplastic transformation. Due to their function as cell-cycle brakes, CDK inhibitors are considered as tumor suppressors. The CDK inhibitors p16INK4a and p15INK4b are among the most frequently altered genes in cancer, including hematopoietic malignancies. Aberrant cell cycle regulation in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) bears severe consequences on hematopoiesis and provokes hematological disorders with a broad array of symptoms. In this review, we focus on the importance and prevalence of deregulated CDK inhibitors in hematological malignancies.
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5
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Grey W, Rio-Machin A, Casado-Izquierdo P, Grönroos E, Ali S, Miettinen JJ, Bewicke-Copley F, Parsons A, Heckman CA, Swanton C, Cutillas P, Gribben J, Fitzgibbon J, Bonnet D. CKS1 inhibition depletes leukemic stem cells and protects healthy hematopoietic stem cells in acute myeloid leukemia. Sci Transl Med 2022; 14:eabn3248. [PMID: 35731890 PMCID: PMC7612983 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abn3248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is an aggressive hematological disorder comprising a hierarchy of quiescent leukemic stem cells (LSCs) and proliferating blasts with limited self-renewal ability. AML has a dismal prognosis, with extremely low 2-year survival rates in the poorest cytogenetic risk patients, primarily due to the failure of intensive chemotherapy protocols to deplete LSCs and toxicity of therapy toward healthy hematopoietic cells. We studied the role of cyclin-dependent kinase regulatory subunit 1 (CKS1)-dependent protein degradation in primary human AML and healthy hematopoiesis xenograft models in vivo. Using a small-molecule inhibitor (CKS1i), we demonstrate a dual role for CKS1-dependent protein degradation in reducing patient-derived AML blasts in vivo and, importantly, depleting LSCs, whereas inhibition of CKS1 has the opposite effect on normal hematopoiesis, protecting normal hematopoietic stem cells from chemotherapeutic toxicity. Proteomic analysis of responses to CKS1i in our patient-derived xenograft mouse model demonstrate that inhibition of CKS1 in AML leads to hyperactivation of RAC1 and accumulation of lethal reactive oxygen species, whereas healthy hematopoietic cells enter quiescence in response to CKS1i, protecting hematopoietic stem cells. Together, these findings demonstrate that CKS1-dependent proteostasis is a key vulnerability in malignant stem cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Grey
- Haematopoietic Stem Cell Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, U.K
| | - Ana Rio-Machin
- Centre for Genomics and Computational Biology, Bart’s Cancer Institute, London, U.K
| | - Pedro Casado-Izquierdo
- Cell signalling and proteomics group, Centre for Genomics and Computational Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, London, U.K
| | - Eva Grönroos
- Cancer evolution and genome instability laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, U.K
| | - Sara Ali
- Haematopoietic Stem Cell Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, U.K
| | - Juho J. Miettinen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland – FINN, HiLIFE – Helsinki Institute of Life Science, iCAN Digital Precision Cancer Medicine Flagship, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Alun Parsons
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland – FINN, HiLIFE – Helsinki Institute of Life Science, iCAN Digital Precision Cancer Medicine Flagship, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Caroline A. Heckman
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland – FINN, HiLIFE – Helsinki Institute of Life Science, iCAN Digital Precision Cancer Medicine Flagship, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Charles Swanton
- Cancer evolution and genome instability laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, U.K
| | - Pedro Cutillas
- Cell signalling and proteomics group, Centre for Genomics and Computational Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, London, U.K
| | - John Gribben
- Centre for Haemato-Oncology, Bart’s Cancer Institute, London, U.K
| | - Jude Fitzgibbon
- Centre for Genomics and Computational Biology, Bart’s Cancer Institute, London, U.K
| | - Dominique Bonnet
- Haematopoietic Stem Cell Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, U.K
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6
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Swadling JB, Warnecke T, Morris KL, Barr AR. Conserved Cdk inhibitors show unique structural responses to tyrosine phosphorylation. Biophys J 2022; 121:2312-2329. [PMID: 35614852 PMCID: PMC9279356 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2022.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Balanced proliferation-quiescence decisions are vital during normal development and in tissue homeostasis, and their dysregulation underlies tumorigenesis. Entry into proliferative cycles is driven by Cyclin/Cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks). Conserved Cdk inhibitors (CKIs) p21Cip1/Waf1, p27Kip1, and p57Kip2 bind to Cyclin/Cdks and inhibit Cdk activity. p27 tyrosine phosphorylation, in response to mitogenic signaling, promotes activation of CyclinD/Cdk4 and CyclinA/Cdk2. Tyrosine phosphorylation is conserved in p21 and p57, although the number of sites differs. We use molecular-dynamics simulations to compare the structural changes in Cyclin/Cdk/CKI trimers induced by single and multiple tyrosine phosphorylation in CKIs and their impact on CyclinD/Cdk4 and CyclinA/Cdk2 activity. Despite shared structural features, CKI binding induces distinct structural responses in Cyclin/Cdks and the predicted effects of CKI tyrosine phosphorylation on Cdk activity are not conserved across CKIs. Our analyses suggest how CKIs may have evolved to be sensitive to different inputs to give context-dependent control of Cdk activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob B Swadling
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Tobias Warnecke
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kyle L Morris
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alexis R Barr
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, London, United Kingdom.
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7
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Salvi JS, Kang J, Kim S, Colville AJ, de Morrée A, Billeskov TB, Larsen MC, Kanugovi A, van Velthoven CTJ, Cimprich KA, Rando TA. ATR activity controls stem cell quiescence via the cyclin F-SCF complex. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2115638119. [PMID: 35476521 PMCID: PMC9170012 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2115638119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A key property of adult stem cells is their ability to persist in a quiescent state for prolonged periods of time. The quiescent state is thought to contribute to stem cell resilience by limiting accumulation of DNA replication–associated mutations. Moreover, cellular stress response factors are thought to play a role in maintaining quiescence and stem cell integrity. We utilized muscle stem cells (MuSCs) as a model of quiescent stem cells and find that the replication stress response protein, ATR (Ataxia Telangiectasia and Rad3-Related), is abundant and active in quiescent but not activated MuSCs. Concurrently, MuSCs display punctate RPA (replication protein A) and R-loop foci, both key triggers for ATR activation. To discern the role of ATR in MuSCs, we generated MuSC-specific ATR conditional knockout (ATRcKO) mice. Surprisingly, ATR ablation results in increased MuSC quiescence exit. Phosphoproteomic analysis of ATRcKO MuSCs reveals enrichment of phosphorylated cyclin F, a key component of the Skp1–Cul1–F-box protein (SCF) ubiquitin ligase complex and regulator of key cell-cycle transition factors, such as the E2F family of transcription factors. Knocking down cyclin F or inhibiting the SCF complex results in E2F1 accumulation and in MuSCs exiting quiescence, similar to ATR-deficient MuSCs. The loss of ATR could be counteracted by inhibiting casein kinase 2 (CK2), the kinase responsible for phosphorylating cyclin F. We propose a model in which MuSCs express cell-cycle progression factors but ATR, in coordination with the cyclin F–SCF complex, represses premature stem cell quiescence exit via ubiquitin–proteasome degradation of these factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayesh S. Salvi
- aPaul F. Glenn Center for the Biology of Aging, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
- bDepartment of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Jengmin Kang
- aPaul F. Glenn Center for the Biology of Aging, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
- bDepartment of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Soochi Kim
- aPaul F. Glenn Center for the Biology of Aging, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
- bDepartment of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Alex J. Colville
- aPaul F. Glenn Center for the Biology of Aging, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
- bDepartment of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Antoine de Morrée
- aPaul F. Glenn Center for the Biology of Aging, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
- bDepartment of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Tine Borum Billeskov
- aPaul F. Glenn Center for the Biology of Aging, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
- bDepartment of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Mikkel Christian Larsen
- aPaul F. Glenn Center for the Biology of Aging, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
- bDepartment of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Abhijnya Kanugovi
- aPaul F. Glenn Center for the Biology of Aging, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
- bDepartment of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Cindy T. J. van Velthoven
- aPaul F. Glenn Center for the Biology of Aging, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
- bDepartment of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Karlene A. Cimprich
- cDepartment of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305–5441
| | - Thomas A. Rando
- aPaul F. Glenn Center for the Biology of Aging, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
- bDepartment of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
- dNeurology Service, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304
- 6To whom correspondence may be addressed.
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8
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Chen J, Li G, Lian J, Ma N, Huang Z, Li J, Wen Z, Zhang W, Zhang Y. Slc20a1b is essential for hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell expansion in zebrafish. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2021; 64:2186-2201. [PMID: 33751369 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-020-1878-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) are able to self-renew and can give rise to all blood lineages throughout their lifetime, yet the mechanisms regulating HSPC development have yet to be discovered. In this study, we characterized a hematopoiesis defective zebrafish mutant line named smu07, which was obtained from our previous forward genetic screening, and found the HSPC expansion deficiency in the mutant. Positional cloning identified that slc20a1b, which encodes a sodium phosphate cotransporter, contributed to the smu07 blood phenotype. Further analysis demonstrated that mutation of slc20a1b affects HSPC expansion through cell cycle arrest at G2/M phases in a cell-autonomous manner. Our study shows that slc20a1b is a vital regulator for HSPC proliferation in zebrafish early hematopoiesis and provides valuable insights into HSPC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiakui Chen
- Department of Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Gaofei Li
- Division of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Junwei Lian
- Division of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Ning Ma
- Department of Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Zhibin Huang
- Division of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jianchao Li
- Division of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zilong Wen
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wenqing Zhang
- Division of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Yiyue Zhang
- Department of Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
- Division of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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9
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Chen YY, Liu YF, Liu YD, Deng XH, Zhou J. IRF7 suppresses hematopoietic regeneration under stress via CXCR4. STEM CELLS (DAYTON, OHIO) 2020; 39:183-195. [PMID: 33252829 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) maintain quiescence under steady state; however, they are compelled to proliferate and expand to replenish the blood system under stress. The molecular basis underlying stress hematopoiesis remains to be fully understood. In this study, we reported that IRF7 represents an important regulator of stress hematopoiesis. Interferon regulatory factor 7 (IRF7) was dispensable for normal hematopoiesis, whereas its deficiency significantly enhanced hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) regeneration and improved long-term repopulation of HSCs under stress. Mechanistic studies showed that CXCR4 was identified as a downstream target of IRF7. Overexpression of CXCR4 abrogated the enhanced proliferation and regeneration of IRF7-deficient HSPCs under stress. Similar results were obtained in HSCs from human umbilical cord blood. These observations demonstrated that IRF7 plays an important role in hematopoietic regeneration under stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Ying Chen
- Joint Program in Immunology, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Human Virology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease of the Ministry of Education, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Feng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease of the Ministry of Education, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Dong Liu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Hui Deng
- Institute of Human Virology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease of the Ministry of Education, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Joint Program in Immunology, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Human Virology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease of the Ministry of Education, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
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10
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Johnson C, Belluschi S, Laurenti E. Beyond “to divide or not to divide”: Kinetics matters in hematopoietic stem cells. Exp Hematol 2020; 92:1-10.e2. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2020.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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11
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Competitive sgRNA Screen Identifies p38 MAPK as a Druggable Target to Improve HSPC Engraftment. Cells 2020; 9:cells9102194. [PMID: 33003308 PMCID: PMC7600420 DOI: 10.3390/cells9102194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous gene therapy trials for X-linked chronic granulomatous disease (X-CGD) lacked long-term engraftment of corrected hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). Chronic inflammation and high levels of interleukin-1 beta (IL1B) might have caused aberrant cell cycling in X-CGD HSPCs with a concurrent loss of their long-term repopulating potential. Thus, we performed a targeted CRISPR-Cas9-based sgRNA screen to identify candidate genes that counteract the decreased repopulating capacity of HSPCs during gene therapy. The candidates were validated in a competitive transplantation assay and tested in a disease context using IL1B-challenged or X-CGD HSPCs. The sgRNA screen identified Mapk14 (p38) as a potential target to increase HSPC engraftment. Knockout of p38 prior to transplantation was sufficient to induce a selective advantage. Inhibition of p38 increased expression of the HSC homing factor CXCR4 and reduced apoptosis and proliferation in HSPCs. For potential clinical translation, treatment of IL1B-challenged or X-CGD HSPCs with a p38 inhibitor led to a 1.5-fold increase of donor cell engraftment. In summary, our findings demonstrate that p38 may serve as a potential druggable target to restore engraftment of HSPCs in the context of X-CGD gene therapy.
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12
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Kimata Y, Leturcq M, Aradhya R. Emerging roles of metazoan cell cycle regulators as coordinators of the cell cycle and differentiation. FEBS Lett 2020; 594:2061-2083. [PMID: 32383482 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
In multicellular organisms, cell proliferation must be tightly coordinated with other developmental processes to form functional tissues and organs. Despite significant advances in our understanding of how the cell cycle is controlled by conserved cell-cycle regulators (CCRs), how the cell cycle is coordinated with cell differentiation in metazoan organisms and how CCRs contribute to this process remain poorly understood. Here, we review the emerging roles of metazoan CCRs as intracellular proliferation-differentiation coordinators in multicellular organisms. We illustrate how major CCRs regulate cellular events that are required for cell fate acquisition and subsequent differentiation. To this end, CCRs employ diverse mechanisms, some of which are separable from those underpinning the conventional cell-cycle-regulatory functions of CCRs. By controlling cell-type-specific specification/differentiation processes alongside the progression of the cell cycle, CCRs enable spatiotemporal coupling between differentiation and cell proliferation in various developmental contexts in vivo. We discuss the significance and implications of this underappreciated role of metazoan CCRs for development, disease and evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuu Kimata
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, China
| | - Maïté Leturcq
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, China
| | - Rajaguru Aradhya
- School of Biotechnology, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kollam, Kerala, India
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13
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Razavipour SF, Harikumar KB, Slingerland JM. p27 as a Transcriptional Regulator: New Roles in Development and Cancer. Cancer Res 2020; 80:3451-3458. [PMID: 32341036 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-3663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
p27 binds and inhibits cyclin-CDK to arrest the cell cycle. p27 also regulates other processes including cell migration and development independent of its cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitory action. p27 is an atypical tumor suppressor-deletion or mutational inactivation of the gene encoding p27, CDKN1B, is rare in human cancers. p27 is rarely fully lost in cancers because it can play both tumor suppressive and oncogenic roles. Until recently, the paradigm was that oncogenic deregulation results from either loss of growth restraint due to excess p27 proteolysis or from an oncogenic gain of function through PI3K-mediated C-terminal p27 phosphorylation, which disrupts the cytoskeleton to increase cell motility and metastasis. In cancers, C-terminal phosphorylation alters p27 protein-protein interactions and shifts p27 from CDK inhibitor to oncogene. Recent data indicate p27 regulates transcription and acts as a transcriptional coregulator of cJun. C-terminal p27 phosphorylation increases p27-cJun recruitment to and action on target genes to drive oncogenic pathways and repress differentiation programs. This review focuses on noncanonical, CDK-independent functions of p27 in migration, invasion, development, and gene expression, with emphasis on how transcriptional regulation by p27 illuminates its actions in cancer. A better understanding of how p27-associated transcriptional complexes are regulated might identify new therapeutic targets at the interface between differentiation and growth control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyedeh Fatemeh Razavipour
- Breast Cancer Program, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington DC
| | - Kuzhuvelil B Harikumar
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology (RGCB), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Joyce M Slingerland
- Breast Cancer Program, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington DC.
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14
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Hypercholesterolemia Accelerates the Aging Phenotypes of Hematopoietic Stem Cells by a Tet1-Dependent Pathway. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3567. [PMID: 32107419 PMCID: PMC7046636 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60403-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypercholesterolemia accelerates the phenotypes of aging in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). As yet, little is known about the underlying mechanism. We found that hypercholesterolemia downregulates Ten eleven translocation 1 (Tet1) in HSCs. The total HSC population was increased, while the long-term (LT) population, side population and reconstitution capacity of HSCs were significantly decreased in Tet1−/− mice. Expression of the Tet1 catalytic domain in HSCs effectively restored the LT population and reconstitution capacity of HSCs isolated from Tet1−/− mice. While Tet1 deficiency upregulated the expression of p19 and p21 in HSCs by decreasing the H3K27me3 modification, the restoration of Tet1 activity reduced the expression of p19, p21 and p27 by restoring the H3K27me3 and H3K36me3 modifications on these genes. These results indicate that Tet1 plays a critical role in maintaining the quiescence and reconstitution capacity of HSCs and that hypercholesterolemia accelerates HSC aging phenotypes by decreasing Tet1 expression in HSCs.
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15
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Henry E, Souissi-Sahraoui I, Deynoux M, Lefèvre A, Barroca V, Campalans A, Ménard V, Calvo J, Pflumio F, Arcangeli ML. Human hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells display reactive oxygen species-dependent long-term hematopoietic defects after exposure to low doses of ionizing radiations. Haematologica 2019; 105:2044-2055. [PMID: 31780635 PMCID: PMC7395291 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2019.226936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells are responsible for life-long blood cell production and are highly sensitive to exogenous stresses. The effects of low doses of ionizing radiations on radiosensitive tissues such as the hematopoietic tissue are still unknown despite their increasing use in medical imaging. Here, we study the consequences of low doses of ionizing radiations on differentiation and self-renewal capacities of human primary hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPC). We found that a single 20 mGy dose impairs the hematopoietic reconstitution potential of human HSPC but not their differentiation properties. In contrast to high irradiation doses, low doses of irradiation do not induce DNA double strand breaks in HSPC but, similar to high doses, induce a rapid and transient increase of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that promotes activation of the p38MAPK pathway. HSPC treatment with ROS scavengers or p38MAPK inhibitor prior exposure to 20 mGy irradiation abolishes the 20 mGy-induced defects indicating that ROS and p38MAPK pathways are transducers of low doses of radiation effects. Taken together, these results show that a 20 mGy dose of ionizing radiation reduces the reconstitution potential of HSPC suggesting an effect on the self-renewal potential of human hematopoietic stem cells and pinpointing ROS or the p38MAPK as therapeutic targets. Inhibition of ROS or the p38MAPK pathway protects human primary HSPC from low-dose irradiation toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elia Henry
- INSERM, U1274, Laboratory "Niche, Cancer and Hematopoiesis".,CEA, DRF-JACOB-IRCM-SCSR-LSHL, UMR "Genetic stability, Stem Cells and Radiation".,UMR "Genetic stability, Stem Cells and Radiation" Université de Paris.,UMR "Genetic stability, Stem Cells and Radiation", Université Paris-Saclay
| | - Inès Souissi-Sahraoui
- INSERM, U1274, Laboratory "Niche, Cancer and Hematopoiesis".,CEA, DRF-JACOB-IRCM-SCSR-LSHL, UMR "Genetic stability, Stem Cells and Radiation".,UMR "Genetic stability, Stem Cells and Radiation" Université de Paris.,UMR "Genetic stability, Stem Cells and Radiation", Université Paris-Saclay
| | - Margaux Deynoux
- INSERM, U1274, Laboratory "Niche, Cancer and Hematopoiesis".,CEA, DRF-JACOB-IRCM-SCSR-LSHL, UMR "Genetic stability, Stem Cells and Radiation".,UMR "Genetic stability, Stem Cells and Radiation" Université de Paris.,UMR "Genetic stability, Stem Cells and Radiation", Université Paris-Saclay
| | - Andréas Lefèvre
- INSERM, U1274, Laboratory "Niche, Cancer and Hematopoiesis".,CEA, DRF-JACOB-IRCM-SCSR-LSHL, UMR "Genetic stability, Stem Cells and Radiation".,UMR "Genetic stability, Stem Cells and Radiation" Université de Paris.,UMR "Genetic stability, Stem Cells and Radiation", Université Paris-Saclay
| | - Vilma Barroca
- INSERM, U1274, Laboratory "Niche, Cancer and Hematopoiesis".,CEA, DRF-JACOB-IRCM-SCSR-LSHL, UMR "Genetic stability, Stem Cells and Radiation".,UMR "Genetic stability, Stem Cells and Radiation" Université de Paris.,UMR "Genetic stability, Stem Cells and Radiation", Université Paris-Saclay
| | - Anna Campalans
- UMR "Genetic stability, Stem Cells and Radiation" Université de Paris.,UMR "Genetic stability, Stem Cells and Radiation", Université Paris-Saclay.,CEA, DRF-JACOB-IRCM-SIGRR-LRIG, UMR "Genetic stability, Stem Cells and Radiation"
| | - Véronique Ménard
- UMR "Genetic stability, Stem Cells and Radiation" Université de Paris.,UMR "Genetic stability, Stem Cells and Radiation", Université Paris-Saclay.,UMR "Genetic stability, Stem Cells and Radiation", F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Julien Calvo
- INSERM, U1274, Laboratory "Niche, Cancer and Hematopoiesis".,CEA, DRF-JACOB-IRCM-SCSR-LSHL, UMR "Genetic stability, Stem Cells and Radiation".,UMR "Genetic stability, Stem Cells and Radiation" Université de Paris.,UMR "Genetic stability, Stem Cells and Radiation", Université Paris-Saclay
| | - Françoise Pflumio
- INSERM, U1274, Laboratory "Niche, Cancer and Hematopoiesis".,CEA, DRF-JACOB-IRCM-SCSR-LSHL, UMR "Genetic stability, Stem Cells and Radiation".,UMR "Genetic stability, Stem Cells and Radiation" Université de Paris.,UMR "Genetic stability, Stem Cells and Radiation", Université Paris-Saclay
| | - Marie-Laure Arcangeli
- INSERM, U1274, Laboratory "Niche, Cancer and Hematopoiesis" .,CEA, DRF-JACOB-IRCM-SCSR-LSHL, UMR "Genetic stability, Stem Cells and Radiation".,UMR "Genetic stability, Stem Cells and Radiation" Université de Paris.,UMR "Genetic stability, Stem Cells and Radiation", Université Paris-Saclay
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16
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Campanati A, Bobyr I, Sorgentoni G, Diotallevi F, Caffarini M, Pellegrino P, Di Primio R, Offidani A, Orciani M. Mesenchymal stem cell profile in actinic keratosis and its modification after topical application of ingenol mebutate. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2019; 34:e148-e149. [PMID: 31709665 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.16058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Campanati
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences - Dermatological Clinic, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - I Bobyr
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences - Dermatological Clinic, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - G Sorgentoni
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Sciences - Histology, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - F Diotallevi
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences - Dermatological Clinic, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - M Caffarini
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Sciences - Histology, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - P Pellegrino
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Sciences - Histology, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - R Di Primio
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Sciences - Histology, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - A Offidani
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences - Dermatological Clinic, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - M Orciani
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Sciences - Histology, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
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17
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The cell cycle in stem cell proliferation, pluripotency and differentiation. Nat Cell Biol 2019; 21:1060-1067. [PMID: 31481793 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-019-0384-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Cyclins, cyclin-dependent kinases and other components of the core cell cycle machinery drive cell division. Growing evidence indicates that this machinery operates in a distinct fashion in some mammalian stem cell types, such as pluripotent embryonic stem cells. In this Review, we discuss our current knowledge of how cell cycle proteins mechanistically link cell proliferation, pluripotency and cell fate specification. We focus on embryonic stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells and embryonic neural stem/progenitor cells.
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18
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CABLES1 Deficiency Impairs Quiescence and Stress Responses of Hematopoietic Stem Cells in Intrinsic and Extrinsic Manners. Stem Cell Reports 2019; 13:274-290. [PMID: 31327733 PMCID: PMC6700604 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2019.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow (BM) niche cells help to keep adult hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in a quiescent state via secreted factors and induction of cell-cycle inhibitors. Here, we demonstrate that the adapter protein CABLES1 is a key regulator of long-term hematopoietic homeostasis during stress and aging. Young mice lacking Cables1 displayed hyperproliferation of hematopoietic progenitor cells. This defect was cell intrinsic, since it was reproduced in BM transplantation assays using wild-type animals as recipients. Overexpression and short hairpin RNA-mediated depletion of CABLES1 protein resulted in p21Cip/waf up- and downregulation, respectively. Aged mice lacking Cables1 displayed abnormalities in peripheral blood cell counts accompanied by a significant reduction in HSC compartment, concomitant with an increased mobilization of progenitor cells. In addition, Cables1−/− mice displayed increased sensitivity to the chemotherapeutic agent 5-fluorouracil due to an abnormal microenvironment. Altogether, our findings uncover a key role for CABLES1 in HSC homeostasis and stress hematopoiesis. CABLES1 is expressed in immature hematopoietic progenitor cells and niche cells CABLES1 in an intrinsic negative cell-cycle regulator of hematopoietic progenitor cells CABLES1 regulates p21Cip/waf protein levels The abnormal stress responses of Cables1−/− HSC during aging are niche cell dependent
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19
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Ding L, Shunkwiler LB, Harper NW, Zhao Y, Hinohara K, Huh SJ, Ekram MB, Guz J, Kern MJ, Awgulewitsch A, Shull JD, Smits BMG, Polyak K. Deletion of Cdkn1b in ACI rats leads to increased proliferation and pregnancy-associated changes in the mammary gland due to perturbed systemic endocrine environment. PLoS Genet 2019; 15:e1008002. [PMID: 30893315 PMCID: PMC6443185 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammary epithelial progenitors are the normal cell-of-origin of breast cancer. We previously defined a population of p27+ quiescent hormone-responsive progenitor cells in the normal human breast whose frequency associates with breast cancer risk. Here, we describe that deletion of the Cdkn1b gene encoding the p27 cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor in the estrogen-induced mammary tumor-susceptible ACI rat strain leads to a decrease in the relative frequencies of Cd49b+ mammary luminal epithelial progenitors and pregnancy-related differentiation. We show by comprehensive gene expression profiling of purified progenitor and differentiated mammary epithelial cell populations that p27 deletion has the most pronounced effects on luminal progenitors. Cdkn1b-/- females have decreased fertility, but rats that are able to get pregnant had normal litter size and were able to nurse their pups implying that loss of p27 in ACI rats does not completely abrogate ovarian function and lactation. Reciprocal mammary gland transplantation experiments indicate that the p27-loss-induced changes in mammary epithelial cells are not only caused by alterations in their intrinsic properties, but are likely due to altered hormonal signaling triggered by the perturbed systemic endocrine environment observed in Cdkn1b-/- females. We also observed a decrease in the frequency of mammary epithelial cells positive for progesterone receptor (Pr) and FoxA1, known direct transcriptional targets of the estrogen receptor (Erα), and an increase in phospho-Stat5 positive cells commonly induced by prolactin (Prl). Characterization of genome-wide Pr chromatin binding revealed distinct binding patterns in mammary epithelial cells of Cdkn1b+/+ and Cdkn1b-/- females and enrichment in genes with known roles in Notch, ErbB, leptin, and Erα signaling and regulation of G1-S transition. Our data support a role for p27 in regulating the pool size of hormone-responsive luminal progenitors that could impact breast cancer risk. The frequency and proliferation of tissue-specific stem and progenitor cells is associated with the risk of malignancy. Thus, regulators of the pool size and proliferation of progenitor cells determine cancer risk. p27 is a key regulator of cellular proliferation and is required for the terminal differentiation of a number of cell types. Here we show that genetic deletion of Cdkn1b in ACI rats susceptible to estrogen-induced mammary tumors decreases the relative fraction of Cd49b+ luminal progenitors identifying p27 as a key regulator of the proliferation and pool size of these cells. Progesterone, acting via the progesterone receptor (Pr), is an important regulator of mammary epithelial cell proliferation and differentiation. Based on ChIP-seq we found that Pr targets different sets of genes in Cdkn1b+/+ and Cdkn1b-/- mammary epithelium and that this is associated with differences in proliferation and differentiation states. Thus, p27 regulates breast cancer risk and tumor development via regulating the pool size and hormonal-responsiveness of luminal progenitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Ding
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Lauren B. Shunkwiler
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Nicholas W. Harper
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Yang Zhao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Kunihiko Hinohara
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Sung Jin Huh
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Muhammad B. Ekram
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jan Guz
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Transgenic and Gene Function Core, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Michael J. Kern
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Transgenic and Gene Function Core, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Alexander Awgulewitsch
- Department of Medicine, Transgenic and Gene Function Core, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - James D. Shull
- Department of Oncology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Bart M. G. Smits
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail: (BMGS); (KP)
| | - Kornelia Polyak
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail: (BMGS); (KP)
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20
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Tusa I, Cheloni G, Poteti M, Gozzini A, DeSouza NH, Shan Y, Deng X, Gray NS, Li S, Rovida E, Dello Sbarba P. Targeting the Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase 5 Pathway to Suppress Human Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Stem Cells. Stem Cell Reports 2018; 11:929-943. [PMID: 30245209 PMCID: PMC6178886 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2018.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKi) are effective against chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), but their inefficacy on leukemia stem cells (LSCs) may lead to relapse. To identify new druggable targets alternative to BCR/ABL, we investigated the role of the MEK5/ERK5 pathway in LSC maintenance in low oxygen, a feature of bone marrow stem cell niches. We found that MEK5/ERK5 pathway inhibition reduced the growth of CML patient-derived cells and cell lines in vitro and the number of leukemic cells in vivo. Treatment in vitro of primary CML cells with MEK5/ERK5 inhibitors, but not TKi, strikingly reduced culture repopulation ability (CRA), serial colony formation ability, long-term culture-initiating cells (LTC-ICs), and CD26-expressing cells. Importantly, MEK5/ERK5 inhibition was effective on CML cells regardless of the presence or absence of imatinib, and did not reduce CRA or LTC-ICs of normal CD34+ cells. Thus, targeting MEK/ERK5 may represent an innovative therapeutic approach to suppress CML progenitor/stem cells. ERK5 is constitutively active in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) cells ERK5 pathway inhibition reduces the growth of CML cells in vitro and in vivo ERK5 pathway inhibition strikingly reduces CML progenitor/stem cell maintenance The combination of ERK5i with imatinib reduces the expression of stem cell proteins
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignazia Tusa
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Firenze, viale G.B. Morgagni, 50, Firenze 50134, Italy; Istituto Toscano Tumori (ITT), Firenze 50134, Italy
| | - Giulia Cheloni
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Firenze, viale G.B. Morgagni, 50, Firenze 50134, Italy; Istituto Toscano Tumori (ITT), Firenze 50134, Italy
| | - Martina Poteti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Firenze, viale G.B. Morgagni, 50, Firenze 50134, Italy
| | - Antonella Gozzini
- Hematology Unit, Careggi University Hospital (AOUC), Firenze 50134, Italy
| | - Ngoc Ho DeSouza
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Yi Shan
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Xianming Deng
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Nathanael S Gray
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Shaoguang Li
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Elisabetta Rovida
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Firenze, viale G.B. Morgagni, 50, Firenze 50134, Italy; Istituto Toscano Tumori (ITT), Firenze 50134, Italy.
| | - Persio Dello Sbarba
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Firenze, viale G.B. Morgagni, 50, Firenze 50134, Italy; Istituto Toscano Tumori (ITT), Firenze 50134, Italy.
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21
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Meyer SE, Muench DE, Rogers AM, Newkold TJ, Orr E, O'Brien E, Perentesis JP, Doench JG, Lal A, Morris PJ, Thomas CJ, Lieberman J, McGlinn E, Aronow BJ, Salomonis N, Grimes HL. miR-196b target screen reveals mechanisms maintaining leukemia stemness with therapeutic potential. J Exp Med 2018; 215:2115-2136. [PMID: 29997117 PMCID: PMC6080909 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20171312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
We have shown that antagomiR inhibition of miRNA miR-21 and miR-196b activity is sufficient to ablate MLL-AF9 leukemia stem cells (LSC) in vivo. Here, we used an shRNA screening approach to mimic miRNA activity on experimentally verified miR-196b targets to identify functionally important and therapeutically relevant pathways downstream of oncogenic miRNA in MLL-r AML. We found Cdkn1b (p27Kip1) is a direct miR-196b target whose repression enhanced an embryonic stem cell-like signature associated with decreased leukemia latency and increased numbers of leukemia stem cells in vivo. Conversely, elevation of p27Kip1 significantly reduced MLL-r leukemia self-renewal, promoted monocytic differentiation of leukemic blasts, and induced cell death. Antagonism of miR-196b activity or pharmacologic inhibition of the Cks1-Skp2-containing SCF E3-ubiquitin ligase complex increased p27Kip1 and inhibited human AML growth. This work illustrates that understanding oncogenic miRNA target pathways can identify actionable targets in leukemia.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Carcinogenesis/genetics
- Carcinogenesis/pathology
- Cell Differentiation/genetics
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Proliferation/genetics
- Cell Survival/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11/genetics
- Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p27/metabolism
- Cyclin-Dependent Kinases/metabolism
- Cyclins/metabolism
- Embryonic Stem Cells/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/therapy
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- MicroRNAs/metabolism
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/metabolism
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/pathology
- Oncogenes
- RNA, Small Interfering/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara E Meyer
- Division of Immunobiology and Center for Systems Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - David E Muench
- Division of Immunobiology and Center for Systems Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Andrew M Rogers
- Division of Immunobiology and Center for Systems Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Tess J Newkold
- Division of Immunobiology and Center for Systems Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Emily Orr
- Division of Immunobiology and Center for Systems Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Eric O'Brien
- Division of Oncology, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - John P Perentesis
- Division of Oncology, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | | | - Ashish Lal
- Regulatory RNAs and Cancer Section, Genetics Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Patrick J Morris
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD
| | - Craig J Thomas
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD
| | - Judy Lieberman
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Edwina McGlinn
- EMBL Australia, Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Bruce J Aronow
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Nathan Salomonis
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - H Leighton Grimes
- Division of Immunobiology and Center for Systems Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
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22
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In vivo selection with lentiviral expression of Bcl2 T69A/S70A/S87A mutant in hematopoietic stem cell-transplanted mice. Gene Ther 2018. [PMID: 29523881 DOI: 10.1038/s41434-018-0008-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Current in vivo selections for hematopoietic stem cell (HSC)-based gene therapy are drug dependent and not without risk of cytotoxicity or tumorigenesis. We developed a new in vivo selection system with the non-phosphorylatable Bcl2 mutant Bcl2T69A/S70A/S87A (Bcl2AAA), which makes in vivo selection drug independent and without risk of cytotoxicity or tumorigenesis. We demonstrated in HSC-transplanted mice that Bcl2AAA facilitated efficient in vivo selection in the absence of any exogenously applied drugs under both myeloablative and non-myeloablative conditioning. In mice transplanted with retrovirally transduced sca-1-positive bone marrow cells, the marked cell level increased from 26.38% of input transduced cells to 92.61 ± 0.95% of peripheral blood cells for myeloablative transplantation or to 37.82 ± 6.35% for non-myeloablative transplantation 6 months after transplantation. Bcl2AAA did not induce tumorigenesis and does not influence hematopoiesis and the function of the reconstituted blood system. However, the high-level constitutive expression of Bcl2AAA mediated by retroviral vector induced exhaustion of the marked cells after tertiary transplantation. Fortunately, low-level constitutive expression of Bcl2AAA driven by an internal promoter in lentiviral vector could both maintain the marked cell level (24.13 ± 5.27%, 27.17 ± 5.51%, 24.33 ± 5.08%, and 22.07 ± 4.44% for primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary recipients) and avoid the exhaustion of the marked cells even in quaternary recipients. Importantly, the low-level constitutive expression of Bcl2AAA did not induce tumorigenesis. Thus, the in vivo selection employing the low-level constitutive expression of Bcl2AAA provides a general platform which is relevant for widespread applications of gene therapy.
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23
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Zhang S, Kim W, Pham TT, Rogers AB, Houghton JM, Moss SF. Native and bone marrow-derived cell mosaicism in gastric carcinoma in H. pylori-infected p27-deficient mice. Oncotarget 2018; 7:69136-69148. [PMID: 27655701 PMCID: PMC5342465 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Chronic Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection promotes non-cardia gastric cancer. Some mouse models suggest that bone marrow derived cells (BMDC) contribute to Helicobacter-associated gastric carcinogenesis. We determined whether this increased susceptibility to Helicobacter-induced gastric carcinogenesis of p27-deficient mice is dependent upon their p27-null BMDC or their p27-null gastric epithelial cells. Design Female mice (recipients) were irradiated and transplanted with BMDC from male donors. Wild type (WT) mice in group 1 (control) received BMDC from male GFP-transgenic mice. Female WT and p27 KO mice were engrafted with male p27KO mice BMDC (Group 2) or GFP-transgenic WT BMDC (Group 3). Recipients were infected with H. pylori SS1 for one year. Results Mice lacking p27 in either the BM pool or gastric epithelium developed significantly more advanced gastric pathology, including high-grade dysplasia. Co-staining of donor BMDC in dysplastic gastric glands was confirmed by immunofluorescence. Gastric expression of IL-1 beta protein was reduced in groups 2 and 3 (p < 0.05 vs control) whereas expression of IFN-γ and chemokines MIP-1 beta, MIG, IP-10 and RANTES in group 2 were significantly higher than group 3. Conclusions Both bone marrow-derived and gastric epithelial cells contribute to the increased gastric cancer susceptibility of p27-deficient H. pylori-infected mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songhua Zhang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Woojin Kim
- Division of Gastroenterology, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Tu T Pham
- Division of Gastroenterology, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Arlin B Rogers
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, North Grafton, MA, USA
| | - Jean Marie Houghton
- Department of Medicine and Cancer Biology, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Steven F Moss
- Division of Gastroenterology, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
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24
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Cai CM, Xiao X, Wu BH, Wei BF, Han ZG. Targeting endogenous DLK1 exerts antitumor effect on hepatocellular carcinoma through initiating cell differentiation. Oncotarget 2018; 7:71466-71476. [PMID: 27683116 PMCID: PMC5342093 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are responsible for tumor initiation and progression. We previously showed that Delta-like homolog 1 (DLK1) may be a therapeutic target against the CSCs of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the therapeutic efficacy and underlying mechanism remain unclear. Here we demonstrated that knockdown of DLK1 using a tet-inducible short hairpin RNA (shRNA) system significantly inhibited proliferation, spheroid formation and in vivo xenograft tumor growth of human HCC cells. Furthermore, in an orthotopic xenograft mouse model, adenovirus-mediated DLK1 knockdown could significantly reduce tumor size, as shown by in vivo imaging approach. Subsequently, an adenoviral vector harboring mouse Dlk1 shRNA was applied. The results showed that Dlk1 knockdown also could inhibit tumor progression in a diethylnitrosamine (DEN) induced mouse HCC model. At cellular mechanism, DLK1 knockdown delayed the cell cycle G1-S transition, along with the decreased expression of cyclin E1 and D1. Significantly, DLK1 knockdown resulted in the decrease of molecular markers such as AFP and EpCAM for hepatic progenitor cells, but the increase of KRT18 and KRT19 for the differentiated hepatocytes. The collective data indicated that targeting endogenous DLK1 may exert antitumor effect on HCCs possibly through initiating cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Miao Cai
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Systems Biomedicine of Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.,Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory for Disease and Health Genomics, Chinese National Human Genome Center at Shanghai, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xu Xiao
- Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory for Disease and Health Genomics, Chinese National Human Genome Center at Shanghai, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Bing-Hao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Systems Biomedicine of Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.,Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory for Disease and Health Genomics, Chinese National Human Genome Center at Shanghai, Shanghai 201203, China.,Shanghai Center of Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Bao-Feng Wei
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Systems Biomedicine of Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.,Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory for Disease and Health Genomics, Chinese National Human Genome Center at Shanghai, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ze-Guang Han
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Systems Biomedicine of Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.,Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory for Disease and Health Genomics, Chinese National Human Genome Center at Shanghai, Shanghai 201203, China.,Shanghai Center of Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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25
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Premnath P, Jorgenson B, Hess R, Tailor P, Louie D, Taiani J, Boyd S, Krawetz R. p21 -/- mice exhibit enhanced bone regeneration after injury. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2017; 18:435. [PMID: 29121899 PMCID: PMC5679350 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-017-1790-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background p21(WAF1/CIP1/SDI1), a cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor has been shown to influence cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis; but more recently, p21 has been implicated in tissue repair. Studies on p21(−/−) knockout mice have demonstrated results that vary from complete regeneration and healing of tissue to attenuated healing. There have however been no studies that have evaluated the role of p21 inhibition in bone healing and remodeling. Methods The current study employs a burr-hole fracture model to investigate bone regeneration subsequent to an injury in a p21−/− mouse model. p21−/− and C57BL/6 mice were subjected to a burr-hole fracture on their proximal tibia, and their bony parameters were measured over 4 weeks via in vivo μCT scanning. Results p21−/− mice present with enhanced healing from week 1 through week 4. Differences in bone formation and resorption potential between the two mouse models are assessed via quantitative and functional assays. While the μCT analysis indicates that p21−/− mice have enhanced bone healing capabilities, it appears that the differences observed may not be due to the function of osteoblasts or osteoclasts. Furthermore, no differences were observed in the differentiation of progenitor cells (mesenchymal or monocytic) into osteoblasts or osteoclasts respectively. Conclusions Therefore, it remains unknown how p21 is regulating enhanced fracture repair and further studies are required to determine which cell type(s) are responsible for this regenerative phenotype. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12891-017-1790-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyatha Premnath
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Britta Jorgenson
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Ricarda Hess
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Pankaj Tailor
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Dante Louie
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Jaymi Taiani
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Steven Boyd
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Radiology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Roman Krawetz
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada. .,Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada. .,Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada. .,Department of Surgery, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada. .,Snyder Institute, Cummings School of Medicine, University of Calgary, HRIC 3AA14, 3330 Hospital Dr. NW., Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada.
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26
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Cell-cycle checkpoints are surveillance mechanisms in eukaryotic cells that monitor the condition of the cell, repair cellular damages, and allow the cell to progress through the various phases of the cell cycle when conditions become favorable. We review recent advances in hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) biology, highlighting a mitochondrial metabolic checkpoint that is essential for HSCs to return to the quiescent state. RECENT FINDINGS As quiescent HSCs enter the cell cycle, mitochondrial biogenesis is induced, which is associated with increased mitochondrial protein folding stress and mitochondrial oxidative stress. Mitochondrial unfolded protein response and mitochondrial oxidative stress response are activated to alleviate stresses and allow HSCs to exit the cell cycle and return to quiescence. Other mitochondrial maintenance mechanisms include mitophagy and asymmetric segregation of aged mitochondria. SUMMARY Because loss of HSC quiescence results in the depletion of the HSC pool and compromised tissue regeneration, deciphering the molecular mechanisms that regulate the mitochondrial metabolic checkpoint in HSCs will increase our understanding of hematopoiesis and how it becomes dysregulated under pathological conditions and during aging. More broadly, this knowledge is instrumental for understanding the maintenance of cells that convert between quiescence and proliferation to support their physiological functions.
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27
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Kovatcheva M, Liao W, Klein ME, Robine N, Geiger H, Crago AM, Dickson MA, Tap WD, Singer S, Koff A. ATRX is a regulator of therapy induced senescence in human cells. Nat Commun 2017; 8:386. [PMID: 28855512 PMCID: PMC5577318 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00540-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Senescence is a state of stable cell cycle exit with important implications for development and disease. Here, we demonstrate that the chromatin remodeling enzyme ATRX is required for therapy-induced senescence. ATRX accumulates in nuclear foci and is required for therapy-induced senescence in multiple types of transformed cells exposed to either DNA damaging agents or CDK4 inhibitors. Mobilization into foci depends on the ability of ATRX to interact with H3K9me3 histone and HP1. Foci form soon after cells exit the cell cycle, before other hallmarks of senescence appear. Eliminating ATRX in senescent cells destabilizes the senescence-associated heterochromatic foci. Additionally, ATRX binds to and suppresses expression from the HRAS locus; repression of HRAS is sufficient to promote the transition of quiescent cells into senescence and preventing repression blocks progression into senescence. Thus ATRX is a critical regulator of therapy-induced senescence and acts in multiple ways to drive cells into this state. Therapy induced senescence (TIS) is a growth suppressive program activated by cytostatic agents in some cancer cells. Here the authors show that the chromatin remodeling enzyme ATRX is a regulator of TIS and drives cells into this state via multiple mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Kovatcheva
- The Louis V. Gerstner Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, 10065, USA.,Program in Molecular Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, 10065, USA
| | - Will Liao
- The New York Genome Center, New York, 10013, USA
| | - Mary E Klein
- The Louis V. Gerstner Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, 10065, USA.,Program in Molecular Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, 10065, USA
| | | | | | - Aimee M Crago
- Program in Molecular Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, 10065, USA.,Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, 10065, USA
| | - Mark A Dickson
- Department of Medicine, Weill College of Medicine, Cornell University, New York, 10065, USA.,Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, 10065, USA
| | - William D Tap
- Department of Medicine, Weill College of Medicine, Cornell University, New York, 10065, USA.,Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, 10065, USA
| | - Samuel Singer
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, 10065, USA
| | - Andrew Koff
- The Louis V. Gerstner Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, 10065, USA. .,Program in Molecular Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, 10065, USA.
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28
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Kulinski M, Achkar IW, Haris M, Dermime S, Mohammad RM, Uddin S. Dysregulated expression of SKP2 and its role in hematological malignancies. Leuk Lymphoma 2017; 59:1051-1063. [PMID: 28797197 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2017.1359740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 (SKP2) is a well-studied F-box protein and a critical part of the Skp1-Cul1-Fbox (SCF) E3 ligase complex. It controls cell cycle by regulating the expression level of p27 and p21 through ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation. SKP2-mediated loss of p27Kip1 is associated with poor clinical outcome in various types of cancers including hematological malignancies. It is however well established that SKP2 is an oncogene, and its targeting may be an attractive therapeutic strategy for the management of hematological malignancies. In this article, we have highlighted the recent findings from our group and other investigators regarding the role of SKP2 in the pathogenesis of hematological malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Kulinski
- a Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System , Hamad Medical Corporation , Doha , Qatar
| | - Iman W Achkar
- a Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System , Hamad Medical Corporation , Doha , Qatar
| | - Mohammad Haris
- b Translational Medicine Research Branch , Sidra Medical and Research Center , Doha , Qatar
| | - Said Dermime
- c National Center for Cancer Care and Research , Hamad Medical Corporation , Doha , Qatar
| | - Ramzi M Mohammad
- a Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System , Hamad Medical Corporation , Doha , Qatar
| | - Shahab Uddin
- a Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System , Hamad Medical Corporation , Doha , Qatar
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29
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Transit-Amplifying Cells in the Fast Lane from Stem Cells towards Differentiation. Stem Cells Int 2017; 2017:7602951. [PMID: 28835754 PMCID: PMC5556613 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7602951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Revised: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cells have a high potential to impact regenerative medicine. However, stem cells in adult tissues often proliferate at very slow rates. During development, stem cells may change first to a pluripotent and highly proliferative state, known as transit-amplifying cells. Recent advances in the identification and isolation of these undifferentiated and fast-dividing cells could bring new alternatives for cell-based transplants. The skin epidermis has been the target of necessary research about transit-amplifying cells; this work has mainly been performed in mammalian cells, but further work is being pursued in other vertebrate models, such as zebrafish. In this review, we present some insights about the molecular repertoire regulating the transition from stem cells to transit-amplifying cells or playing a role in the transitioning to fully differentiated cells, including gene expression profiles, cell cycle regulation, and cellular asymmetrical events. We also discuss the potential use of this knowledge in effective progenitor cell-based transplants in the treatment of skin injuries and chronic disease.
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30
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Domingues MJ, Cao H, Heazlewood SY, Cao B, Nilsson SK. Niche Extracellular Matrix Components and Their Influence on HSC. J Cell Biochem 2017; 118:1984-1993. [PMID: 28112429 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Maintenance of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) takes place in a highly specialized microenvironment within the bone marrow. Technological improvements, especially in the field of in vivo imaging, have helped unravel the complexity of the niche microenvironment and have completely changed the classical concept from what was previously believed to be a static supportive platform, to a dynamic microenvironment tightly regulating HSC homeostasis through the complex interplay between diverse cell types, secreted factors, extracellular matrix molecules, and the expression of different transmembrane receptors. To add to the complexity, non-protein based metabolites have also been recognized as a component of the bone marrow niche. The objective of this review is to discuss the current understanding on how the different extracellular matrix components of the niche regulate HSC fate, both during embryonic development and in adulthood. Special attention will be provided to the description of non-protein metabolites, such as lipids and metal ions, which contribute to the regulation of HSC behavior. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 1984-1993, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie J Domingues
- Manufacturing, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Bag 10, Clayton South, VIC 3169, Australia.,Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Huimin Cao
- Manufacturing, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Bag 10, Clayton South, VIC 3169, Australia.,Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Shen Y Heazlewood
- Manufacturing, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Bag 10, Clayton South, VIC 3169, Australia.,Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Benjamin Cao
- Manufacturing, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Bag 10, Clayton South, VIC 3169, Australia.,Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Susan K Nilsson
- Manufacturing, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Bag 10, Clayton South, VIC 3169, Australia.,Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
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31
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Feng G, Zhang T, Liu J, Ma X, Li B, Yang L, Zhang Y, Xu Z, Qin T, Zhou J, Huang G, Shi L, Xiao Z. MLF1IP promotes normal erythroid proliferation and is involved in the pathogenesis of polycythemia vera. FEBS Lett 2017; 591:760-773. [PMID: 28173615 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Revised: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Myelodysplasia/myeloid leukemia factor 1-interacting protein (MLF1IP) appears to be an erythroid lineage-specific gene in mice; however, its role in normal erythropoiesis and erythropoietic disorders have not yet been elucidated. Here, we found that MLF1IP is abundantly expressed in human erythroid progenitor cells and that MLF1IP-deficiency reduces cell proliferation resulting from cell cycle arrest. Moreover, MLF1IP expression is exclusively elevated in CFU-E cells from polycythemia vera (PV) patients, and MLF1IP transgenic mice develop a PV-like disorder. Further analyses revealed that the erythroid progenitors and early-stage erythroblasts from these transgenic mice expand by up-regulating cyclin D2 and down-regulating p27 and p21. Thus, our data demonstrate that MLF1IP promotes erythroid proliferation and is involved in the pathogenesis of PV, suggesting that it might be a novel molecular target for erythropoietic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gege Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China.,MDS and MPN Centre, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Tianjiao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China.,MDS and MPN Centre, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Jinqin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaotang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Bing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China.,MDS and MPN Centre, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Lin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- MDS and MPN Centre, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Zefeng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China.,MDS and MPN Centre, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Tiejun Qin
- Division of Pathology & Divisions of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH, USA
| | - Jiaxi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Gang Huang
- Division of Pathology & Divisions of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH, USA
| | - Lihong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhijian Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China.,MDS and MPN Centre, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
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Zhang F, Liu X, Chen C, Zhu J, Yu Z, Xie J, Xie L, Bai H, Zhang Y, Fang X, Gu H, Wang C, Weng W, Zhang CC, Chen GQ, Liang A, Zheng J. CD244 maintains the proliferation ability of leukemia initiating cells through SHP-2/p27 kip1 signaling. Haematologica 2017; 102:707-718. [PMID: 28126968 PMCID: PMC5395111 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2016.151555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeting leukemia initiating cells is considered to be an effective way to cure leukemia, for which it is critical to identify novel therapeutic targets. Herein, we demonstrate that CD244, which was initially reported as a key regulator for natural killer cells, is highly expressed on both mouse and human leukemia initiating cells. Upon CD244 knockdown, human leukemia cell lines and primary leukemia cells have markedly impaired proliferation abilities both in vitro and in vivo. Interestingly, the repopulation ability of both mouse and human hematopoietic stem cells is not impaired upon CD244 knockdown. Using an MLL-AF9-induced murine acute myeloid leukemia model, we show that leukemogenesis is dramatically delayed upon CD244 deletion, together with remarkably reduced Mac1+/c-Kit+ leukemia cells (enriched for leukemia initiating cells). Mechanistically, we reveal that CD244 is associated with c-Kit and p27 except for SHP-2 as previously reported. CD244 co-operates with c-Kit to activate SHP-2 signaling to dephosphorylate p27 and maintain its stability to promote leukemia development. Collectively, we provide intriguing evidence that the surface immune molecule CD244 plays an important role in the maintenance of stemness of leukemia initiating cells, but not in hematopoietic stem cells. CD244 may represent a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Zhang
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China
| | - Xiaoye Liu
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China
| | - Chiqi Chen
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China
| | - Jun Zhu
- Department of Hematology, The 1 People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China
| | - Zhuo Yu
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China
| | - Jingjing Xie
- Binzhou Medical University, Taishan Scholar Immunology Program, Yantai, China
| | - Li Xie
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China
| | - Haitao Bai
- Department of Hematology, The 1 People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China
| | - Yaping Zhang
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China
| | - Xia Fang
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Gu
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China
| | - Chun Wang
- Department of Hematology, The 1 People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China
| | - Wei Weng
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China
| | - Cheng Cheng Zhang
- Departments of Physiology and Developmental Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Guo-Qiang Chen
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China
| | - Aibing Liang
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Junke Zheng
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China
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Mohan A, Asakura A. CDK inhibitors for muscle stem cell differentiation and self-renewal. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 6:65-74. [PMID: 28713664 DOI: 10.7600/jpfsm.6.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Regeneration of muscle is undertaken by muscle stem cell populations named satellite cells which are normally quiescent or at the G0 phase of the cell cycle. However, upon signals from damaged muscle, satellite cells lose their quiescence, and enter the G1 cell cycle phase to expand the population of satellite cell progenies termed myogenic precursor cells (MPCs). Eventually, MPCs stop their cell cycle and undergo terminal differentiation to form skeletal muscle fibers. Some MPCs retract to quiescent satellite cells as a self-renewal process. Therefore, cell cycle regulation, consisting of satellite cell activation, proliferation, differentiation and self-renewal, is the key event of muscle regeneration. In this review, we summarize up-to-date progress on research about cell cycle regulation of myogenic progenitor cells and muscle stem cells during embryonic myogenesis and adult muscle regeneration, aging, exercise and muscle diseases including muscular dystrophy and muscle fiber atrophy, especially focusing on cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors (CDKIs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrudha Mohan
- Stem Cell Institute, Paul and Sheila Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Center, Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota Medical School, 2001 6th Street SE, MTRF 4-220, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Atsushi Asakura
- Stem Cell Institute, Paul and Sheila Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Center, Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota Medical School, 2001 6th Street SE, MTRF 4-220, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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Barroca V, Lewandowski D, Jaracz-Ros A, Hardouin SN. Paternal Insulin-like Growth Factor 2 (Igf2) Regulates Stem Cell Activity During Adulthood. EBioMedicine 2016; 15:150-162. [PMID: 28007480 PMCID: PMC5233811 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2016.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Revised: 11/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin-like Growth Factor 2 (IGF2) belongs to the IGF/Insulin pathway, a highly conserved evolutionarily network that regulates growth, aging and lifespan. Igf2 is highly expressed in the embryo and in cancer cells. During mouse development, Igf2 is expressed in all sites where hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) successively expand, then its expression drops at weaning and becomes undetectable when adult HSC have reached their niches in bones and start to self-renew. In the present study, we aim to discover the role of IGF2 during adulthood. We show that Igf2 is specifically expressed in adult HSC and we analyze HSC from adult mice deficient in Igf2 transcripts. We demonstrate that Igf2 deficiency avoids the age-related attrition of the HSC pool and that Igf2 is necessary for tissue homeostasis and regeneration. Our study reveals that the expression level of Igf2 is critical to maintain the balance between stem cell self-renewal and differentiation, presumably by regulating the interaction between HSC and their niche. Our data have major clinical interest for transplantation: understanding the changes in adult stem cells and their environments will improve the efficacy of regenerative medicine and impact health- and life-span. The imprinted gene Igf2 is expressed in adult tissue stem cells. Igf2 deficiency increases HSC (hematopoietic stem cells) self-renewal and avoids age-related attrition of the HSC pool. Igf2 deficiency decreases HSC differentiation and mobilization. Igf2 deficiency modifies the interaction between HSC and their environment.
IGF2 belongs to the IGF/Insulin family that regulates growth, aging and lifespan. This role is evolutionarily conserved from worms to mammals. IGF2 favors cell proliferation during embryonic development but its role in adulthood is unknown. To decipher its function we undertook a lifelong analysis of the consequences of Igf2 deficiency on hematopoiesis, in steady-state conditions and during bone marrow transplantation. We demonstrate that lowering Igf2 levels increases the pool of stem cells, without uncontrolled proliferation and migration of immature cells that would lead to cancer. This is a promising way to enhance the stem cells pool during aging that has major interest for transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vilma Barroca
- INSERM UMR 967, 92265 Fontenay-aux-roses cedex, France; CEA/DSV/iRCM, 92265 Fontenay-aux-roses cedex, France; Université Paris-Diderot, Paris 7, 92265 Fontenay-aux-roses cedex, France; Université Paris-Sud, Paris 11, 92265 Fontenay-aux-roses cedex, France
| | - Daniel Lewandowski
- INSERM UMR 967, 92265 Fontenay-aux-roses cedex, France; CEA/DSV/iRCM, 92265 Fontenay-aux-roses cedex, France; Université Paris-Diderot, Paris 7, 92265 Fontenay-aux-roses cedex, France; Université Paris-Sud, Paris 11, 92265 Fontenay-aux-roses cedex, France
| | - Agnieszka Jaracz-Ros
- INSERM UMR 967, 92265 Fontenay-aux-roses cedex, France; CEA/DSV/iRCM, 92265 Fontenay-aux-roses cedex, France; Université Paris-Diderot, Paris 7, 92265 Fontenay-aux-roses cedex, France; Université Paris-Sud, Paris 11, 92265 Fontenay-aux-roses cedex, France
| | - Sylvie-Nathalie Hardouin
- INSERM UMR 967, 92265 Fontenay-aux-roses cedex, France; CEA/DSV/iRCM, 92265 Fontenay-aux-roses cedex, France; Université Paris-Diderot, Paris 7, 92265 Fontenay-aux-roses cedex, France; Université Paris-Sud, Paris 11, 92265 Fontenay-aux-roses cedex, France.
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35
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Khurana S, Schouteden S, Manesia JK, Santamaria-Martínez A, Huelsken J, Lacy-Hulbert A, Verfaillie CM. Outside-in integrin signalling regulates haematopoietic stem cell function via Periostin-Itgav axis. Nat Commun 2016; 7:13500. [PMID: 27905395 PMCID: PMC5146274 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Integrins play an important role in haematopoietic stem cell (HSC) maintenance in the bone marrow niche. Here, we demonstrate that Periostin (Postn) via interaction with Integrin-αv (Itgav) regulates HSC proliferation. Systemic deletion of Postn results in peripheral blood (PB) anaemia, myelomonocytosis and lymphopenia, while the number of phenotypic HSCs increases in the bone marrow. Postn−/− mice recover faster from radiation injury with concomitant loss of primitive HSCs. HSCs from Postn−/− mice show accumulation of DNA damage generally associated with aged HSCs. Itgav deletion in the haematopoietic system leads to a similar PB phenotype and HSC-intrinsic repopulation defects. Unaffected by Postn, Vav-Itgav−/− HSCs proliferate faster in vitro, illustrating the importance of Postn-Itgav interaction. Finally, the Postn-Itgav interaction inhibits the FAK/PI3K/AKT pathway in HSCs, leading to increase in p27Kip1 expression resulting in improved maintenance of quiescent HSCs. Together, we demonstrate a role for Itgav-mediated outside-in signalling in regulation of HSC proliferation and stemness. Integrins regulate haematopoietic stem cell (HSC) homeostasis and engraftment into the bone marrow (BM) niche upon transplantation. Here, the authors show that HSC quiescence and function in the BM is regulated by the interaction of PERIOSTIN and INTEGRIN αv and subsequent increase in p27Kip1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satish Khurana
- Inter-departmental Stem Cell Institute, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sarah Schouteden
- Inter-departmental Stem Cell Institute, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Javed K Manesia
- Inter-departmental Stem Cell Institute, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Joerg Huelsken
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Adam Lacy-Hulbert
- Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
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36
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Jayapal SR, Ang HYK, Wang CQ, Bisteau X, Caldez MJ, Xuan GX, Yu W, Tergaonkar V, Osato M, Lim B, Kaldis P. Cyclin A2 regulates erythrocyte morphology and numbers. Cell Cycle 2016; 15:3070-3081. [PMID: 27657745 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2016.1234546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclin A2 is an essential gene for development and in haematopoietic stem cells and therefore its functions in definitive erythropoiesis have not been investigated. We have ablated cyclin A2 in committed erythroid progenitors in vivo using erythropoietin receptor promoter-driven Cre, which revealed its critical role in regulating erythrocyte morphology and numbers. Erythroid-specific cyclin A2 knockout mice are viable but displayed increased mean erythrocyte volume and reduced erythrocyte counts, as well as increased frequency of erythrocytes containing Howell-Jolly bodies. Erythroblasts lacking cyclin A2 displayed defective enucleation, resulting in reduced production of enucleated erythrocytes and increased frequencies of erythrocytes containing nuclear remnants. Deletion of the Cdk inhibitor p27Kip1 but not Cdk2, ameliorated the erythroid defects resulting from deficiency of cyclin A2, confirming the critical role of cyclin A2/Cdk activity in erythroid development. Loss of cyclin A2 in bone marrow cells in semisolid culture prevented the formation of BFU-E but not CFU-E colonies, uncovering its essential role in BFU-E function. Our data unveils the critical functions of cyclin A2 in regulating mammalian erythropoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senthil Raja Jayapal
- a Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research) , Singapore , Republic of Singapore
| | | | - Chelsia Qiuxia Wang
- a Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research) , Singapore , Republic of Singapore.,c Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore , Singapore
| | - Xavier Bisteau
- a Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research) , Singapore , Republic of Singapore
| | - Matias J Caldez
- a Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research) , Singapore , Republic of Singapore.,d National University of Singapore (NUS) , Department of Biochemistry , Singapore
| | - Gan Xiao Xuan
- a Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research) , Singapore , Republic of Singapore
| | - Weimiao Yu
- a Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research) , Singapore , Republic of Singapore
| | - Vinay Tergaonkar
- a Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research) , Singapore , Republic of Singapore
| | - Motomi Osato
- c Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore , Singapore
| | - Bing Lim
- b Genome Institute of Singapore , Singapore
| | - Philipp Kaldis
- a Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research) , Singapore , Republic of Singapore.,d National University of Singapore (NUS) , Department of Biochemistry , Singapore
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37
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Chandrakesan P, May R, Qu D, Weygant N, Taylor VE, Li JD, Ali N, Sureban SM, Qante M, Wang TC, Bronze MS, Houchen CW. Dclk1+ small intestinal epithelial tuft cells display the hallmarks of quiescence and self-renewal. Oncotarget 2016; 6:30876-86. [PMID: 26362399 PMCID: PMC4741574 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
To date, no discrete genetic signature has been defined for isolated Dclk1+ tuft cells within the small intestine. Furthermore, recent reports on the functional significance of Dclk1+ cells in the small intestine have been inconsistent. These cells have been proposed to be fully differentiated cells, reserve stem cells, and tumor stem cells. In order to elucidate the potential function of Dclk1+ cells, we FACS-sorted Dclk1+ cells from mouse small intestinal epithelium using transgenic mice expressing YFP under the control of the Dclk1 promoter (Dclk1-CreER;Rosa26-YFP). Analysis of sorted YFP+ cells demonstrated marked enrichment (~6000 fold) for Dclk1 mRNA compared with YFP- cells. Dclk1+ population display ~6 fold enrichment for the putative quiescent stem cell marker Bmi1. We observed significantly greater expression of pluripotency genes, pro-survival genes, and quiescence markers in the Dclk1+ population. A significant increase in self-renewal capability (14-fold) was observed in in vitro isolated Dclk1+ cells. The unique genetic report presented in this manuscript suggests that Dclk1+ cells may maintain quiescence, pluripotency, and metabolic activity for survival/longevity. Functionally, these reserve characteristics manifest in vitro, with Dclk1+ cells exhibiting greater ability to self-renew. These findings indicate that quiescent stem-like functionality is a feature of Dclk1-expressing tuft cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parthasarathy Chandrakesan
- Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.,Stephenson Oklahoma Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Randal May
- Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.,Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Dongfeng Qu
- Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.,Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Nathaniel Weygant
- Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Vivian E Taylor
- Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - James D Li
- Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Naushad Ali
- Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.,Stephenson Oklahoma Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Sripathi M Sureban
- Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Michael Qante
- Klinikum rechts der Isar, II. Medizinische Klinik, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Timothy C Wang
- Department of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael S Bronze
- Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Courtney W Houchen
- Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.,Stephenson Oklahoma Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.,Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.,COARE Biotechnology, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
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38
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Internal Tandem Duplication in FLT3 Attenuates Proliferation and Regulates Resistance to the FLT3 Inhibitor AC220 by Modulating p21Cdkn1a and Pbx1 in Hematopoietic Cells. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0158290. [PMID: 27387666 PMCID: PMC4936702 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0158290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Internal tandem duplication (ITD) mutations in the Fms-related tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) gene (FLT3-ITD) are associated with poor prognosis in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Due to the development of drug resistance, few FLT3-ITD inhibitors are effective against FLT3-ITD+ AML. In this study, we show that FLT3-ITD activates a novel pathway involving p21Cdkn1a (p21) and pre-B cell leukemia transcription factor 1 (Pbx1) that attenuates FLT3-ITD cell proliferation and is involved in the development of drug resistance. FLT3-ITD up-regulated p21 expression in both mouse bone marrow c-kit+-Sca-1+-Lin- (KSL) cells and Ba/F3 cells. The loss of p21 expression enhanced growth factor-independent proliferation and sensitivity to cytarabine as a consequence of concomitantly enriching the S+G2/M phase population and significantly increasing the expression of Pbx1, but not Evi-1, in FLT3-ITD+ cells. This enhanced cell proliferation following the loss of p21 was partially abrogated when Pbx1 expression was silenced in FLT3-ITD+ primary bone marrow colony-forming cells and Ba/F3 cells. When FLT3-ITD was antagonized with AC220, a selective inhibitor of FLT3-ITD, p21 expression was decreased coincident with Pbx1 mRNA up-regulation and a rapid decline in the number of viable FLT3-ITD+ Ba/F3 cells; however, the cells eventually became refractory to AC220. Overexpressing p21 in FLT3-ITD+ Ba/F3 cells delayed the emergence of cells that were refractory to AC220, whereas p21 silencing accelerated their development. These data indicate that FLT3-ITD is capable of inhibiting FLT3-ITD+ cell proliferation through the p21/Pbx1 axis and that treatments that antagonize FLT3-ITD contribute to the subsequent development of cells that are refractory to a FLT3-ITD inhibitor by disrupting p21 expression.
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39
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Khurana S. The effects of proliferation and DNA damage on hematopoietic stem cell function determine aging. Dev Dyn 2016; 245:739-50. [PMID: 26813236 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Revised: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In most of the mammalian tissues, homeostasis as well as injury repair depend upon a small number of resident adult stem cells. The decline in tissue/organ function in aged organisms has been directly linked with poorly functioning stem cells. Altered function of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) is at the center of an aging hematopoietic system, a tissue with high cellular turnover. Poorly engrafting, myeloid-biased HSCs with higher levels of DNA damage accumulation are the hallmark features of an aged hematopoietic system. These cells show a higher proliferation rate than their younger counterparts. It was proposed that quiescence of these cells over long period of time leads to accumulation of DNA damage, eventually resulting in poor function/pathological conditions in hematopoietic system. However, various mouse models with premature aging phenotype also show highly proliferative HSCs. This review examines the evidence that links proliferation of HSCs with aging, which leads to functional changes in the hematopoietic system. Developmental Dynamics 245:739-750, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satish Khurana
- School of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram, India, 695016
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40
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Hao S, Chen C, Cheng T. Cell cycle regulation of hematopoietic stem or progenitor cells. Int J Hematol 2016; 103:487-97. [DOI: 10.1007/s12185-016-1984-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Revised: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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41
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Huh SJ, Oh H, Peterson MA, Almendro V, Hu R, Bowden M, Lis RL, Cotter MB, Loda M, Barry WT, Polyak K, Tamimi RM. The Proliferative Activity of Mammary Epithelial Cells in Normal Tissue Predicts Breast Cancer Risk in Premenopausal Women. Cancer Res 2016; 76:1926-34. [PMID: 26941287 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-1927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The frequency and proliferative activity of tissue-specific stem and progenitor cells are suggested to correlate with cancer risk. In this study, we investigated the association between breast cancer risk and the frequency of mammary epithelial cells expressing p27, estrogen receptor (ER), and Ki67 in normal breast tissue. We performed a nested case-control study of 302 women (69 breast cancer cases, 233 controls) who had been initially diagnosed with benign breast disease according to the Nurses' Health Studies. Immunofluorescence for p27, ER, and Ki67 was performed on tissue microarrays constructed from benign biopsies containing normal mammary epithelium and scored by computational image analysis. We found that the frequency of Ki67(+) cells was positively associated with breast cancer risk among premenopausal women [OR = 10.1, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.12-48.0]. Conversely, the frequency of ER(+) or p27(+) cells was inversely, but not significantly, associated with subsequent breast cancer risk (ER(+): OR = 0.70, 95% CI, 0.33-1.50; p27(+): OR = 0.89, 95% CI, 0.45-1.75). Notably, high Ki67(+)/low p27(+) and high Ki67(+)/low ER(+) cell frequencies were significantly associated with a 5-fold higher risk of breast cancer compared with low Ki67(+)/low p27(+) and low Ki67(+)/low ER(+) cell frequencies, respectively, among premenopausal women (Ki67(hi)/p27(lo): OR = 5.08, 95% CI, 1.43-18.1; Ki67(hi)/ER(lo): OR = 4.68, 95% CI, 1.63-13.5). Taken together, our data suggest that the fraction of actively cycling cells in normal breast tissue may represent a marker for breast cancer risk assessment, which may therefore impact the frequency of screening procedures in at-risk women. Cancer Res; 76(7); 1926-34. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Jin Huh
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Hannah Oh
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Michael A Peterson
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts. Center for Molecular Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Vanessa Almendro
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Rong Hu
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Michaela Bowden
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts. Center for Molecular Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Rosina L Lis
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts. Center for Molecular Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Maura B Cotter
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts. Center for Molecular Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Massimo Loda
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts. Center for Molecular Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - William T Barry
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kornelia Polyak
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
| | - Rulla M Tamimi
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.
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42
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Zhang B, Li L, Ho Y, Li M, Marcucci G, Tong W, Bhatia R. Heterogeneity of leukemia-initiating capacity of chronic myelogenous leukemia stem cells. J Clin Invest 2016; 126:975-91. [PMID: 26878174 DOI: 10.1172/jci79196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) results from transformation of a long-term hematopoietic stem cell (LTHSC) by expression of the BCR-ABL fusion gene. However, BCR-ABL-expressing LTHSCs are heterogeneous in their capacity as leukemic stem cells (LSCs). Although discrepancies in proliferative, self-renewal, and differentiation properties of normal LTHSCs are being increasingly recognized, the mechanisms underlying heterogeneity of leukemic LTHSCs are poorly understood. Using a CML mouse model, we identified gene expression differences between leukemic and nonleukemic LTHSCs. Expression of the thrombopoietin (THPO) receptor MPL was elevated in leukemic LTHSC populations. Compared with LTHSCs with low MPL expression, LTHSCs with high MPL expression showed enhanced JAK/STAT signaling and proliferation in response to THPO in vitro and increased leukemogenic capacity in vivo. Although both G0 and S phase subpopulations were increased in LTHSCs with high MPL expression, LSC capacity was restricted to quiescent cells. Inhibition of MPL expression in CML LTHSCs reduced THPO-induced JAK/STAT signaling and leukemogenic potential. These same phenotypes were also present in LTHSCs from patients with CML, and patient LTHSCs with high MPL expression had reduced sensitivity to BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitor treatment but increased sensitivity to JAK inhibitors. Together, our studies identify MPL expression levels as a key determinant of heterogeneous leukemia-initiating capacity and drug sensitivity of CML LTHSCs and suggest that high MPL-expressing CML stem cells are potential targets for therapy.
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Thomas DD, Sommer AG, Balazs AB, Beerman I, Murphy GJ, Rossi D, Mostoslavsky G. Insulin-like growth factor 2 modulates murine hematopoietic stem cell maintenance through upregulation of p57. Exp Hematol 2016; 44:422-433.e1. [PMID: 26872540 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2016.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Revised: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) rely on a highly regulated molecular network to balance self-renewal and lineage specification to sustain life-long hematopoiesis. Despite a plethora of studies aimed at identifying molecules governing HSC fate, our current knowledge of the genes responsible is limited. We have found insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) to be expressed predominantly within long-term HSCs. This study examines IGF2 expression patterns and the effects of the gene in HSCs. Through the overexpression and knockdown of IGF2 within purified HSCs, we report that IGF2 expression increases HSC-derived multilineage colonies in vitro and enhances hematopoietic contribution in vivo on competitive bone marrow transplantation. The effects of IGF2 are mediated by direct upregulation of the CDKi p57, exclusively within long-term HSCs, via activation of the PI3K-Akt pathway. Increased expression of p57 resulted in a concomitant increase in HSCs in the G0/G1 stage of the cell cycle. Analysis of genomic DNA methylation revealed that HSCs exhibited a hypomethylated state within the promoter region of the CDKN1C (p57) gene, providing a potential mechanism for the exclusive effects of IGF2 within HSCs. Our studies indicate a novel role for IGF2 in regulating HSC cell cycle and illustrate potential novel therapeutic targets for hematologic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dolly D Thomas
- Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Center for Regenerative Medicine (CReM), Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Andreia Gianotti Sommer
- Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Center for Regenerative Medicine (CReM), Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | | | - Isabel Beerman
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - George J Murphy
- Center for Regenerative Medicine (CReM), Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Derrick Rossi
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Gustavo Mostoslavsky
- Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Center for Regenerative Medicine (CReM), Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA.
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44
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Genetic and Epigenetic Mechanisms That Maintain Hematopoietic Stem Cell Function. Stem Cells Int 2015; 2016:5178965. [PMID: 26798358 PMCID: PMC4699043 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5178965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Revised: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
All hematopoiesis cells develop from multipotent progenitor cells. Hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) have the ability to develop into all blood lineages but also maintain their stemness. Different molecular mechanisms have been identified that are crucial for regulating quiescence and self-renewal to maintain the stem cell pool and for inducing proliferation and lineage differentiation. The stem cell niche provides the microenvironment to keep HSC in a quiescent state. Furthermore, several transcription factors and epigenetic modifiers are involved in this process. These create modifications that regulate the cell fate in a more or less reversible and dynamic way and contribute to HSC homeostasis. In addition, HSC respond in a unique way to DNA damage. These mechanisms also contribute to the regulation of HSC function and are essential to ensure viability after DNA damage. How HSC maintain their quiescent stage during the entire life is still matter of ongoing research. Here we will focus on the molecular mechanisms that regulate HSC function.
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Discovery of novel INK4C small-molecule inhibitors to promote human and murine hematopoietic stem cell ex vivo expansion. Sci Rep 2015; 5:18115. [PMID: 26681454 PMCID: PMC4683533 DOI: 10.1038/srep18115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) have emerged as promising therapeutic cell sources for high-risk hematological malignancies and immune disorders. However, their clinical use is limited by the inability to expand these cells ex vivo. Therefore, there is an urgent need to identify specific targets and effective probes that can expand HSCs. Here we report a novel class of INK4C (p18INK4C or p18) small molecule inhibitors (p18SMIs), which were initially found by in silico 3D screening. We identified a lead p18 inhibitor, XIE18-6, confirmed its p18-targeting specificity and bioactivity of promoting HSCs expansion, and then performed structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies by synthesizing a series of analogs of XIE18–6. Among these, compound 40 showed the most potent bioactivity in HSCs expansion (ED50 = 5.21 nM). We confirmed that compound 40 promoted expansion of both murine and human HSCs, and also confirmed its p18-targeting specificity. Notably, compound 40 did not show significant cytotoxicity toward 32D cells or HSCs, nor did it augment leukemia cell proliferation. Taken together, our newly discovered p18SMIs represent novel chemical agents for murine and human HSCs ex vivo expansion and also can be used as valuable chemical probes for further HSC biology research towards promising utility for therapeutic purposes.
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46
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Farioli-Vecchioli S, Tirone F. Control of the Cell Cycle in Adult Neurogenesis and its Relation with Physical Exercise. Brain Plast 2015; 1:41-54. [PMID: 29765834 PMCID: PMC5928538 DOI: 10.3233/bpl-150013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In the adult brain the neurogenesis is mainly restricted to two neurogenic regions: newly generated neurons arise at the subventricular zone (SVZ) of the lateral ventricle and at the subgranular zone of the hippocampal subregion named the dentate gyrus. The hippocampus is involved in learning and memory paradigms and the generation of new hippocampal neurons has been hypothesized to be a pivotal form of plasticity involved in the process. Moreover the dysregulation of hippocampal adult neurogenesis has been recognized and could anticipate several varieties of brain disease such as Alzheimer disease, epilepsy and depression. Over the last few decades numerous intrinsic, epigenetic and environmental factors have been revealed to deeply influence the process of adult neurogenesis, although the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. Growing evidence indicates that physical exercise represents one of the main extrinsic factor able to profoundly increase hippocampal adult neurogenesis, by altering neurochemistry and function of newly generated neurons. The present review surveys how neurogenesis can be modulated by cell cycle kinetics and highlights the putative role of the cell cycle length as a key component of the beneficial effect of running for hippocampal adult neurogenesis, both in physiological conditions and in the presence of defective neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Farioli-Vecchioli
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, National Research Council, Fondazione S.Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Felice Tirone
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, National Research Council, Fondazione S.Lucia, Rome, Italy
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47
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Xie J, Broxmeyer HE, Feng D, Schweitzer KS, Yi R, Cook TG, Chitteti BR, Barwinska D, Traktuev DO, Van Demark MJ, Justice MJ, Ou X, Srour EF, Prockop DJ, Petrache I, March KL. Human adipose-derived stem cells ameliorate cigarette smoke-induced murine myelosuppression via secretion of TSG-6. Stem Cells 2015; 33:468-78. [PMID: 25329668 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Bone marrow-derived hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSC/HPC) are critical to homeostasis and tissue repair. The aims of this study were to delineate the myelotoxicity of cigarette smoking (CS) in a murine model, to explore human adipose-derived stem cells (hASC) as a novel approach to mitigate this toxicity, and to identify key mediating factors for ASC activities. METHODS C57BL/6 mice were exposed to CS with or without i.v. injection of regular or siRNA-transfected hASC. For in vitro experiments, cigarette smoke extract was used to mimic the toxicity of CS exposure. Analysis of bone marrow HPC was performed both by flow cytometry and colony-forming unit assays. RESULTS In this study, we demonstrate that as few as 3 days of CS exposure results in marked cycling arrest and diminished clonogenic capacity of HPC, followed by depletion of phenotypically defined HSC/HPC. Intravenous injection of hASC substantially ameliorated both acute and chronic CS-induced myelosuppression. This effect was specifically dependent on the anti-inflammatory factor TSG-6, which is induced from xenografted hASC, primarily located in the lung and capable of responding to host inflammatory signals. Gene expression analysis within bone marrow HSC/HPC revealed several specific signaling molecules altered by CS and normalized by hASC. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that systemic administration of hASC or TSG-6 may be novel approaches to reverse CS-induced myelosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Xie
- Department of Cellular & Integrative Physiology, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA; Indiana Center for Vascular Biology and Medicine, VC-CAST Signature Center, Department of Medicine, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA; VA Center for Regenerative Medicine Indianapolis, "Richard L. Roudebush" VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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48
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González-Murillo Á, Fernández L, Baena S, Melen GJ, Sánchez R, Sánchez-Valdepeñas C, Segovia JC, Liou HC, Schmid R, Madero L, Fresno M, Ramírez M. The NFKB Inducing Kinase Modulates Hematopoiesis During Stress. Stem Cells 2015; 33:2825-37. [PMID: 26037670 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The genetic programs that maintain hematopoiesis during steady state in physiologic conditions are different from those activated during stress. Here, we show that hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) with deficiencies in components of the alternative NFκB pathway (the NFκB inducing kinase, NIK, and the downstream molecule NFκB2) had a defect in response to stressors such as supraphysiological doses of cytokines, chemotherapy, and hematopoietic transplantation. NIK-deficient mice had peripheral blood and bone marrow leukocyte numbers within normal ranges (except for the already reported defects in B-cell maturation); however, HSCs showed significantly slower expansion capacity in in vitro cultures compared to wild-type HSCs. This was due to a delayed cell cycle and increased apoptosis. In vivo experiments showed that NIK-deficient HSCs did not recover at the same pace as controls when challenged with myeloablative chemotherapy. Finally, NIK-deficient HSCs showed a significantly decreased competitive repopulation capacity in vivo. Using HSCs from mice deficient in one of two downstream targets of NIK, that is, either NFκB2 or c-Rel, only NFκB2 deficiency recapitulated the defects detected with NIK-deficient HSCs. Our results underscore the role of NIK and the alternative NFκB pathway for the recovery of normal levels of hematopoiesis after stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- África González-Murillo
- Laboratorio de Oncología, Oncohematología, FIB Hospital Universitario Niño Jesús, and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucía Fernández
- Laboratorio de Oncología, Oncohematología, FIB Hospital Universitario Niño Jesús, and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Baena
- Laboratorio de Oncología, Oncohematología, FIB Hospital Universitario Niño Jesús, and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gustavo J Melen
- Laboratorio de Oncología, Oncohematología, FIB Hospital Universitario Niño Jesús, and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rebeca Sánchez
- Cell Differentiation and Cytometry Unit, Hematopoietic Innovative Therapies Division, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT) and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBER-ER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Sánchez-Valdepeñas
- Cell Biology and Immunology department, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
| | - José C Segovia
- Cell Differentiation and Cytometry Unit, Hematopoietic Innovative Therapies Division, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT) and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBER-ER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Hsiou-Chi Liou
- Immunology, Cornell University Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - Roland Schmid
- II, Medizinische Klinik, Technische Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Luís Madero
- Laboratorio de Oncología, Oncohematología, FIB Hospital Universitario Niño Jesús, and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Fresno
- Cell Biology and Immunology department, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Ramírez
- Laboratorio de Oncología, Oncohematología, FIB Hospital Universitario Niño Jesús, and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
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49
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Mende N, Kuchen EE, Lesche M, Grinenko T, Kokkaliaris KD, Hanenberg H, Lindemann D, Dahl A, Platz A, Höfer T, Calegari F, Waskow C. CCND1-CDK4-mediated cell cycle progression provides a competitive advantage for human hematopoietic stem cells in vivo. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 212:1171-83. [PMID: 26150472 PMCID: PMC4516798 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20150308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Maintenance of stem cell properties is associated with reduced proliferation but it is unknown whether the transition kinetics through distinct cell cycle phases influences the function of HSCs. Mende et al examine the effects of increasing two cell cycle complexes CCND1–CDK4 and CCNE1–CDK2 on the transition kinetics of human HSCs and their maintenance and functional alterations in vivo. Maintenance of stem cell properties is associated with reduced proliferation. However, in mouse hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), loss of quiescence results in a wide range of phenotypes, ranging from functional failure to extensive self-renewal. It remains unknown whether the function of human HSCs is controlled by the kinetics of cell cycle progression. Using human HSCs and human progenitor cells (HSPCs), we report here that elevated levels of CCND1–CDK4 complexes promoted the transit from G0 to G1 and shortened the G1 cell cycle phase, resulting in protection from differentiation-inducing signals in vitro and increasing human leukocyte engraftment in vivo. Further, CCND1–CDK4 overexpression conferred a competitive advantage without impacting HSPC numbers. In contrast, accelerated cell cycle progression mediated by elevated levels of CCNE1–CDK2 led to the loss of functional HSPCs in vivo. Collectively, these data suggest that the transition kinetics through the early cell cycle phases are key regulators of human HSPC function and important for lifelong hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Mende
- Regeneration in Hematopoiesis and Animal Models in Hematopoiesis, Institute for Immunology, Institute of Virology, Center for Regenerative Therapies, Faculty of Medicine; Deep Sequencing Group SFB655, Biotechnology Center, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Erika E Kuchen
- Division of Theoretical Systems Biology, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany Bioquant Center, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mathias Lesche
- Regeneration in Hematopoiesis and Animal Models in Hematopoiesis, Institute for Immunology, Institute of Virology, Center for Regenerative Therapies, Faculty of Medicine; Deep Sequencing Group SFB655, Biotechnology Center, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Tatyana Grinenko
- Regeneration in Hematopoiesis and Animal Models in Hematopoiesis, Institute for Immunology, Institute of Virology, Center for Regenerative Therapies, Faculty of Medicine; Deep Sequencing Group SFB655, Biotechnology Center, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Helmut Hanenberg
- Riley Hospital for Children, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202
| | - Dirk Lindemann
- Regeneration in Hematopoiesis and Animal Models in Hematopoiesis, Institute for Immunology, Institute of Virology, Center for Regenerative Therapies, Faculty of Medicine; Deep Sequencing Group SFB655, Biotechnology Center, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Andreas Dahl
- Regeneration in Hematopoiesis and Animal Models in Hematopoiesis, Institute for Immunology, Institute of Virology, Center for Regenerative Therapies, Faculty of Medicine; Deep Sequencing Group SFB655, Biotechnology Center, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Höfer
- Division of Theoretical Systems Biology, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany Bioquant Center, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Federico Calegari
- Regeneration in Hematopoiesis and Animal Models in Hematopoiesis, Institute for Immunology, Institute of Virology, Center for Regenerative Therapies, Faculty of Medicine; Deep Sequencing Group SFB655, Biotechnology Center, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Claudia Waskow
- Regeneration in Hematopoiesis and Animal Models in Hematopoiesis, Institute for Immunology, Institute of Virology, Center for Regenerative Therapies, Faculty of Medicine; Deep Sequencing Group SFB655, Biotechnology Center, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
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50
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Arendt LM, Kuperwasser C. Form and function: how estrogen and progesterone regulate the mammary epithelial hierarchy. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 2015; 20:9-25. [PMID: 26188694 PMCID: PMC4596764 DOI: 10.1007/s10911-015-9337-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammary gland undergoes dramatic post-natal growth beginning at puberty, followed by full development occurring during pregnancy and lactation. Following lactation, the alveoli undergo apoptosis, and the mammary gland reverses back to resemble the nonparous gland. This process of growth and regression occurs for multiple pregnancies, suggesting the presence of a hierarchy of stem and progenitor cells that are able to regenerate specialized populations of mammary epithelial cells. Expansion of epithelial cell populations in the mammary gland is regulated by ovarian steroids, in particular estrogen acting through its receptor estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and progesterone signaling through progesterone receptor (PR). A diverse number of stem and progenitor cells have been identified based on expression of cell surface markers and functional assays. Here we review the current understanding of how estrogen and progesterone act together and separately to regulate stem and progenitor cells within the human and mouse mammary tissues. Better understanding of the hierarchal organization of epithelial cell populations in the mammary gland and how the hormonal milieu affects its regulation may provide important insights into the origins of different subtypes of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Arendt
- Developmental, Molecular, and Chemical Biology Department, Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Ave, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
- Molecular Oncology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, 800 Washington St, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
- Raymond and Beverly Sackler Laboratory for the Convergence of Biomedical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 2015 Linden Dr, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Charlotte Kuperwasser
- Developmental, Molecular, and Chemical Biology Department, Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Ave, Boston, MA, 02111, USA.
- Molecular Oncology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, 800 Washington St, Boston, MA, 02111, USA.
- Raymond and Beverly Sackler Laboratory for the Convergence of Biomedical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, Boston, MA, 02111, USA.
- Developmental, Molecular, and Chemical Biology Department, Tufts University School of Medicine, 800 Washington St, Box 5609, Boston, MA, 02111, USA.
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