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Magnotti F, Chirita D, Dalmon S, Martin A, Bronnec P, Sousa J, Helynck O, Lee W, Kastner DL, Chae JJ, McDermott MF, Belot A, Popoff M, Sève P, Georgin-Lavialle S, Munier-Lehmann H, Tran TA, De Langhe E, Wouters C, Jamilloux Y, Henry T. Steroid hormone catabolites activate the pyrin inflammasome through a non-canonical mechanism. Cell Rep 2022; 41:111472. [PMID: 36223753 PMCID: PMC9626387 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The pyrin inflammasome acts as a guard of RhoA GTPases and is central to immune defenses against RhoA-manipulating pathogens. Pyrin activation proceeds in two steps. Yet, the second step is still poorly understood. Using cells constitutively activated for the pyrin step 1, a chemical screen identifies etiocholanolone and pregnanolone, two catabolites of testosterone and progesterone, acting at low concentrations as specific step 2 activators. High concentrations of these metabolites fully and rapidly activate pyrin, in a human specific, B30.2 domain-dependent manner and without inhibiting RhoA. Mutations in MEFV, encoding pyrin, cause two distinct autoinflammatory diseases pyrin-associated autoinflammation with neutrophilic dermatosis (PAAND) and familial Mediterranean fever (FMF). Monocytes from PAAND patients, and to a lower extent from FMF patients, display increased responses to these metabolites. This study identifies an unconventional pyrin activation mechanism, indicates that endogenous steroid catabolites can drive autoinflammation, through the pyrin inflammasome, and explains the “steroid fever” described in the late 1950s upon steroid injection in humans. Magnotti et al. use a chemical screen to identify pyrin inflammasome activators acting primarily on pyrin step 2. Pregnanolone and etiocholanolone, two catabolites of progesterone and testosterone, activate human pyrin in a B30.2-dependent manner. Pyrin-mutated PAAND patients are highly responsive to pregnanolone. These endogenous catabolites could contribute to sterile (auto)inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flora Magnotti
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Inserm U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, University Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Daria Chirita
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Inserm U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, University Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Sarah Dalmon
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Inserm U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, University Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Amandine Martin
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Inserm U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, University Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Pauline Bronnec
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Inserm U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, University Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Jeremy Sousa
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Inserm U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, University Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Olivier Helynck
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3523, Chemistry and Biocatalysis Unit, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Wonyong Lee
- Inflammatory Disease Section, Metabolic, Cardiovascular and Inflammatory Disease Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Daniel L Kastner
- Inflammatory Disease Section, Metabolic, Cardiovascular and Inflammatory Disease Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jae Jin Chae
- Inflammatory Disease Section, Metabolic, Cardiovascular and Inflammatory Disease Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michael F McDermott
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - Alexandre Belot
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Inserm U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, University Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France; Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Rheumatology, Dermatology, Reference Centre for Rheumatic, AutoImmune and Systemic Diseases in Children (RAISE), Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant, CHU Lyon, Lyon, France; LIFE, Lyon Immunopathology Federation, Lyon, France
| | | | - Pascal Sève
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Croix-Rousse, Lyon 1 University, Lyon, France
| | - Sophie Georgin-Lavialle
- Sorbonne University, Department of Internal Medicine, Tenon Hospital, DMU 3ID, AP-HP, National Reference Center for Autoinflammatory Diseases and Inflammatory Amyloidosis (CEREMAIA), INSERM U938, Paris, France
| | - Hélène Munier-Lehmann
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3523, Chemistry and Biocatalysis Unit, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Tu Anh Tran
- Department of Pediatrics, Carémeau Hospital, CHU Nîmes, Nîmes, France
| | - Ellen De Langhe
- Division of Rheumatology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Tissue Homeostasis and Disease, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Carine Wouters
- KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Laboratory of Adaptive Immunology & Immunobiology, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Pediatrics, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Yvan Jamilloux
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Inserm U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, University Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France; LIFE, Lyon Immunopathology Federation, Lyon, France; Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Croix-Rousse, Lyon 1 University, Lyon, France.
| | - Thomas Henry
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Inserm U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, University Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France.
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Marinelli F, Caporilli C, Titolo A, Rigante D, Esposito S. Clinical impact and disease evolution of SARS-CoV-2 infection in familial Mediterranean fever. Pharmacol Res 2022; 182:106293. [PMID: 35690330 PMCID: PMC9181393 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The innate immune system is critically involved in the pathogenesis of familial Mediterranean fever (FMF), characterized by dysregulated inflammasome activity and recurrent inflammatory attacks: this is the most common among monogenic autoinflammatory diseases, which shares some biochemical pathways with the severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. In this short review we explore the overlap in the pathophysiology of FMF and SARS-CoV-2 infection, discussing how to understand better the interaction between the two diseases and optimize management. A poorer outcome of SARS-CoV-2 infection seems not to be present in infected FMF patients in terms of hospitalization time, need for oxygen support, need for intensive care, rate of complications and exitus. Long-term surveillance will confirm the relatively low risk of a worse prognosis observed so far in SARS-CoV-2-infected people with FMF. In these patients COVID-19 vaccines are recommended and their safety profile is expected to be similar to the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Marinelli
- Pediatric Clinic, Pietro Barilla Children's Hospital, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Chiara Caporilli
- Pediatric Clinic, Pietro Barilla Children's Hospital, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Annachiara Titolo
- Pediatric Clinic, Pietro Barilla Children's Hospital, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Donato Rigante
- Department of Life Sciences and Global Health, Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Susanna Esposito
- Pediatric Clinic, Pietro Barilla Children's Hospital, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.
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Tummers B, Green DR. The evolution of regulated cell death pathways in animals and their evasion by pathogens. Physiol Rev 2022; 102:411-454. [PMID: 34898294 PMCID: PMC8676434 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00002.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The coevolution of host-pathogen interactions underlies many human physiological traits associated with protection from or susceptibility to infections. Among the mechanisms that animals utilize to control infections are the regulated cell death pathways of pyroptosis, apoptosis, and necroptosis. Over the course of evolution these pathways have become intricate and complex, coevolving with microbes that infect animal hosts. Microbes, in turn, have evolved strategies to interfere with the pathways of regulated cell death to avoid eradication by the host. Here, we present an overview of the mechanisms of regulated cell death in Animalia and the strategies devised by pathogens to interfere with these processes. We review the molecular pathways of regulated cell death, their roles in infection, and how they are perturbed by viruses and bacteria, providing insights into the coevolution of host-pathogen interactions and cell death pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart Tummers
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Douglas R Green
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
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Isildak U, Stella A, Fumagalli M. Distinguishing between recent balancing selection and incomplete sweep using deep neural networks. Mol Ecol Resour 2021; 21:2706-2718. [PMID: 33749134 DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.13379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Balancing selection is an important adaptive mechanism underpinning a wide range of phenotypes. Despite its relevance, the detection of recent balancing selection from genomic data is challenging as its signatures are qualitatively similar to those left by ongoing positive selection. In this study, we developed and implemented two deep neural networks and tested their performance to predict loci under recent selection, either due to balancing selection or incomplete sweep, from population genomic data. Specifically, we generated forward-in-time simulations to train and test an artificial neural network (ANN) and a convolutional neural network (CNN). ANN received as input multiple summary statistics calculated on the locus of interest, while CNN was applied directly on the matrix of haplotypes. We found that both architectures have high accuracy to identify loci under recent selection. CNN generally outperformed ANN to distinguish between signals of balancing selection and incomplete sweep and was less affected by incorrect training data. We deployed both trained networks on neutral genomic regions in European populations and demonstrated a lower false-positive rate for CNN than ANN. We finally deployed CNN within the MEFV gene region and identified several common variants predicted to be under incomplete sweep in a European population. Notably, two of these variants are functional changes and could modulate susceptibility to familial Mediterranean fever, possibly as a consequence of past adaptation to pathogens. In conclusion, deep neural networks were able to characterize signals of selection on intermediate frequency variants, an analysis currently inaccessible by commonly used strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulas Isildak
- Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Alessandro Stella
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Matteo Fumagalli
- Department of Life Sciences, Silwood Park Campus, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Rapid Flow Cytometry-Based Assay for the Functional Classification of MEFV Variants. J Clin Immunol 2021; 41:1187-1197. [PMID: 33733382 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-021-01021-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Pathogenic MEFV variants cause pyrin-associated autoinflammatory diseases (PAADs), which include familial Mediterranean fever (FMF), FMF-like disease, and pyrin-associated autoinflammation with neutrophilic dermatosis (PAAND). The diagnosis of PAADs is established by clinical phenotypic and genetic analyses. However, the pathogenicity of most MEFV variants remains controversial, as they have not been functionally evaluated. This study aimed to establish and validate a new functional assay to evaluate the pathogenicity of MEFV variants. METHODS We transfected THP-1 monocytes with 32 MEFV variants and analyzed their effects on cell death with or without stimulation with Clostridium difficile toxin A (TcdA) or UCN-01. These variants were classified using hierarchical cluster analysis. Macrophages were obtained from three healthy controls and two patients with a novel homozygous MEFVP257L variant, for comparison of IL-1β secretion using a cell-based assay and a novel THP-1-based assay. RESULTS Disease-associated MEFV variants induced variable degrees of spontaneous or TcdA/UCN-01-induced cell death in THP-1. Cell death was caspase-1 dependent and was accompanied by ASC speck formation and IL-1β secretion, indicating that pathogenic MEFV variants induced abnormal pyrin inflammasome activation and subsequent pyroptotic cell deaths in this assay. The MEFV variants (n = 32) exhibiting distinct response signatures were classified into 6 clusters, which showed a good correlation with the clinical phenotypes. Regarding the pathogenicity of MEFVP257L variants, the results were consistent between the cell-based assay and the THP-1-based assay. CONCLUSION Our assay facilitates a rapid and comprehensive assessment of the pathogenicity of MEFV variants and contributes to a refined definition of PAAD subtypes.
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Stella A, Lamkanfi M, Portincasa P. Familial Mediterranean Fever and COVID-19: Friends or Foes? Front Immunol 2020; 11:574593. [PMID: 33072117 PMCID: PMC7530822 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.574593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Familial Mediterranean Fever (FMF) and COVID-19 show a remarkable overlap of clinical symptoms and similar laboratory findings. Both are characterized by fever, abdominal/chest pain, elevation of C-reactive protein, and leukocytosis. In addition, colchicine and IL-1 inhibitors treatments that are effective in controlling inflammation in FMF patients have recently been proposed for off-label use in COVID-19 patients. Thus, FMF may resemble a milder recapitulation of the cytokine storm that is a hallmark of COVID-19 patients progressing to severe disease. We analyzed the sequence of the MEFV-encoded Pyrin protein - whose mutations cause FMF- in mammals, bats and pangolin. Intriguingly, although Pyrin is extremely conserved in species that are considered either a reservoir or intermediate hosts for SARS-CoV-2, some of the most common FMF-causing variants in humans are present as wildtype residues in these species. We propose that in humans, Pyrin may have evolved to fight highly pathogenic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Stella
- Department of Human Oncology and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Mohamed Lamkanfi
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Piero Portincasa
- Division of Internal Medicine, Clinica Medica "A Murri", Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
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7
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Van Gorp H, Huang L, Saavedra P, Vuylsteke M, Asaoka T, Prencipe G, Insalaco A, Ogunjimi B, Jeyaratnam J, Cataldo I, Jacques P, Vermaelen K, Dullaers M, Joos R, Sabato V, Stella A, Frenkel J, De Benedetti F, Dehoorne J, Haerynck F, Calamita G, Portincasa P, Lamkanfi M. Blood-based test for diagnosis and functional subtyping of familial Mediterranean fever. Ann Rheum Dis 2020; 79:960-968. [PMID: 32312770 PMCID: PMC7307214 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2019-216701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is the most common monogenic autoinflammatory disease (AID) worldwide. The disease is caused by mutations in the MEFV gene encoding the inflammasome sensor Pyrin. Clinical diagnosis of FMF is complicated by overlap in symptoms with other diseases, and interpretation of genetic testing is confounded by the lack of a clear genotype-phenotype association for most of the 340 reported MEFV variants. In this study, the authors designed a functional assay and evaluated its potential in supporting FMF diagnosis. METHODS Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were obtained from patients with Pyrin-associated autoinflammation with an FMF phenotype (n=43) or with autoinflammatory features not compatible with FMF (n=8), 10 asymptomatic carriers and 48 healthy donors. Sera were obtained from patients with distinct AIDs (n=10), and whole blood from a subset of patients and controls. The clinical, demographic, molecular genetic factors and other characteristics of the patient population were assessed for their impact on the diagnostic test read-out. Interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18 levels were measured by Luminex assay. RESULTS The ex vivo colchicine assay may be performed on whole blood or PBMC. The functional assay robustly segregated patients with FMF from healthy controls and patients with related clinical disorders. The diagnostic test distinguished patients with classical FMF mutations (M694V, M694I, M680I, R761H) from patients with other MEFV mutations and variants (K695R, P369S, R202Q, E148Q) that are considered benign or of uncertain clinical significance. CONCLUSION The ex vivo colchicine assay may support diagnosis of FMF and functional subtyping of Pyrin-associated autoinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanne Van Gorp
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Zwijnaarde, Belgium
- Department of Internal Medicine and Paediatrics, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Linyan Huang
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Zwijnaarde, Belgium
- Department of Internal Medicine and Paediatrics, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
- School of Medical Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Pedro Saavedra
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Zwijnaarde, Belgium
- Department of Internal Medicine and Paediatrics, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | | | - Tomoko Asaoka
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Zwijnaarde, Belgium
- Department of Internal Medicine and Paediatrics, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Giusi Prencipe
- Rheumatology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Benson Ogunjimi
- Department of Paediatrics, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
- Antwerp Center for Translational Immunology and Virology (ACTIV), Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute (VAXINFECTIO), University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
- Centre for Health Economics Research & Modeling Infectious Diseases (CHERMID), Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute (VAXINFECTIO), University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
- Department of Paediatric Rheumatology, Antwerp Hospital Network, Berchem, Belgium
- Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital Brussel, Jette, Belgium
- Antwerp centre for paediatric rheumatology and auto-inflammatory diseases, Antwerp Hospital Network and Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jerold Jeyaratnam
- Department of Pediatric Rheumatology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Ilaria Cataldo
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Peggy Jacques
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Zwijnaarde, Belgium
- Department of Paediatric Rheumatology, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Karim Vermaelen
- Department of Internal Medicine and Paediatrics, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
- Tumor Immunology Laboratory, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Gent, Belgium
| | - Melissa Dullaers
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Zwijnaarde, Belgium
- Clinical Immunology Research Lab, Centre for Primary Immunodeficiency Ghent, Ghent University Hospital, Gent, Belgium
| | - Rik Joos
- Antwerp centre for paediatric rheumatology and auto-inflammatory diseases, Antwerp Hospital Network and Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Pediatric Rheumatology, Ghent University Hospital, Gent, Belgium
| | - Vito Sabato
- Antwerp centre for paediatric rheumatology and auto-inflammatory diseases, Antwerp Hospital Network and Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
- Immunology-Allergology-Rheumatology, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Alessandro Stella
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Joost Frenkel
- Department of Pediatric Rheumatology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | | | - Joke Dehoorne
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Zwijnaarde, Belgium
- Department of Paediatric Rheumatology, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Filomeen Haerynck
- Clinical Immunology Research Lab, Centre for Primary Immunodeficiency Ghent, Ghent University Hospital, Gent, Belgium
- Department of Paediatric Immunology and Pulmonology, Centre for Primary Immunodeficiency Ghent, Jeffrey Modell Diagnosis and Research Centre, Ghent University Hospital, Gent, Belgium
| | - Giuseppe Calamita
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Piero Portincasa
- Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Clinica Medica "A Murri", University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Mohamed Lamkanfi
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Zwijnaarde, Belgium
- Department of Internal Medicine and Paediatrics, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
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Inflammasome genetics and complex diseases: a comprehensive review. Eur J Hum Genet 2020; 28:1307-1321. [PMID: 32499599 PMCID: PMC7608315 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-020-0631-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The inflammasome is a cytoplasmic multiprotein complex responsible for the activation of inflammatory caspases (caspase-1, -4, and -5) in response to pathogen- and/or damage-associated molecular patterns or to homeostasis-altering molecular pathways, and for the consequent release of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1ß and IL-18. Taking in account the complexity of inflammasome activation and that several regulatory steps are involved in maintaining its physiologic role in homeostasis and innate immune response, it does not surprise that several genetic variants in inflammasome components have been associated with common pathologies in the general population, such as autoimmune disorders, cardiovascular diseases, obesity and associated metabolic syndrome, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer. Moreover, the susceptibility to infectious agents and/or to develop severe complications during infections also has been related to inflammasome genetics. In this work, we revised genetic association studies about polymorphisms of main inflammasome genes in sterile as well as infectious diseases, trying to depict the genetic contribution of inflammasome in disease pathogenesis.
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Lopes Fischer N, Naseer N, Shin S, Brodsky IE. Effector-triggered immunity and pathogen sensing in metazoans. Nat Microbiol 2019; 5:14-26. [DOI: 10.1038/s41564-019-0623-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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10
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Schnappauf O, Chae JJ, Kastner DL, Aksentijevich I. The Pyrin Inflammasome in Health and Disease. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1745. [PMID: 31456795 PMCID: PMC6698799 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The pyrin inflammasome has evolved as an innate immune sensor to detect bacterial toxin-induced Rho guanosine triphosphatase (Rho GTPase)-inactivation, a process that is similar to the “guard” mechanism in plants. Rho GTPases act as molecular switches to regulate a variety of signal transduction pathways including cytoskeletal organization. Pathogens can modulate Rho GTPase activity to suppress host immune responses such as phagocytosis. Pyrin is encoded by MEFV, the gene that is mutated in patients with familial Mediterranean fever (FMF). FMF is the prototypic autoinflammatory disease characterized by recurring short episodes of systemic inflammation and is a common disorder in many populations in the Mediterranean basin. Pyrin specifically senses modifications in the activity of the small GTPase RhoA, which binds to many effector proteins including the serine/threonine-protein kinases PKN1 and PKN2 and actin-binding proteins. RhoA activation leads to PKN-mediated phosphorylation-dependent pyrin inhibition. Conversely, pathogen virulence factors downregulate RhoA activity in a variety of ways, and these changes are detected by the pyrin inflammasome irrespective of the type of modifications. MEFV pathogenic variants favor the active state of pyrin and elicit proinflammatory cytokine release and pyroptosis. They can be inherited either as a dominant or recessive trait depending on the variant's location and effect on the protein function. Mutations in the C-terminal B30.2 domain are usually considered recessive, although heterozygotes may manifest a biochemical or even a clinical phenotype. These variants are hypomorphic in regard to their effect on intramolecular interactions, but ultimately accentuate pyrin activity. Heterozygous mutations in other domains of pyrin affect residues critical for inhibition or protein oligomerization, and lead to constitutively active inflammasome. In healthy carriers of FMF mutations who have the subclinical inflammatory phenotype, the increased activity of pyrin might have been protective against endemic infections over human history. This finding is supported by the observation of high carrier frequencies of FMF-mutations in multiple populations. The pyrin inflammasome also plays a role in mediating inflammation in other autoinflammatory diseases linked to dysregulation in the actin polymerization pathway. Therefore, the assembly of the pyrin inflammasome is initiated in response to fluctuations in cytoplasmic homeostasis and perturbations in cytoskeletal dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oskar Schnappauf
- Metabolic, Cardiovascular and Inflammatory Disease Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Jae Jin Chae
- Metabolic, Cardiovascular and Inflammatory Disease Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Daniel L Kastner
- Metabolic, Cardiovascular and Inflammatory Disease Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Ivona Aksentijevich
- Metabolic, Cardiovascular and Inflammatory Disease Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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11
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Tezcan G, Martynova EV, Gilazieva ZE, McIntyre A, Rizvanov AA, Khaiboullina SF. MicroRNA Post-transcriptional Regulation of the NLRP3 Inflammasome in Immunopathologies. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:451. [PMID: 31118894 PMCID: PMC6504709 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation has a crucial role in protection against various pathogens. The inflammasome is an intracellular multiprotein signaling complex that is linked to pathogen sensing and initiation of the inflammatory response in physiological and pathological conditions. The most characterized inflammasome is the NLRP3 inflammasome, which is a known sensor of cell stress and is tightly regulated in resting cells. However, altered regulation of the NLRP3 inflammasome is found in several pathological conditions, including autoimmune disease and cancer. NLRP3 expression was shown to be post-transcriptionally regulated and multiple miRNA have been implicated in post-transcriptional regulation of the inflammasome. Therefore, in recent years, miRNA based post-transcriptional control of NLRP3 has become a focus of much research, especially as a potential therapeutic approach. In this review, we provide a summary of the recent investigations on the role of miRNA in the post-transcriptional control of the NLRP3 inflammasome, a key regulator of pro-inflammatory IL-1β and IL-18 cytokine production. Current approaches to targeting the inflammasome product were shown to be an effective treatment for diseases linked to NLRP3 overexpression. Although utilizing NLRP3 targeting miRNAs was shown to be a successful therapeutic approach in several animal models, their therapeutic application in patients remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulcin Tezcan
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | | | - Zarema E. Gilazieva
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Alan McIntyre
- Centre for Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Albert A. Rizvanov
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Svetlana F. Khaiboullina
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV, United States
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12
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Van Gorp H, Van Opdenbosch N, Lamkanfi M. Inflammasome-Dependent Cytokines at the Crossroads of Health and Autoinflammatory Disease. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2019; 11:cshperspect.a028563. [PMID: 29038114 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a028563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
As key regulators of both innate and adaptive immunity, it is unsurprising that the activity of interleukin (IL)-1 cytokine family members is tightly controlled by decoy receptors, antagonists, and a variety of other mechanisms. Additionally, inflammasome-mediated proteolytic maturation is a prominent and distinguishing feature of two important members of this cytokine family, IL-1β and IL-18, because their full-length gene products are biologically inert. Although vital in antimicrobial host defense, deregulated inflammasome signaling is linked with a growing number of autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases. Here, we focus on introducing the diverse inflammasome types and discussing their causal roles in periodic fever syndromes. Therapies targeting IL-1 or IL-18 show great efficacy in some of these autoinflammatory diseases, although further understanding of the molecular mechanisms leading to unregulated production of these key cytokines is required to benefit more patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanne Van Gorp
- Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Zwijnaarde B-9052, Belgium.,Department of Internal Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent B-9000, Belgium
| | - Nina Van Opdenbosch
- Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Zwijnaarde B-9052, Belgium.,Department of Internal Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent B-9000, Belgium
| | - Mohamed Lamkanfi
- Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Zwijnaarde B-9052, Belgium.,Department of Internal Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent B-9000, Belgium
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13
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Familial Mediterranean Gene (MEFV) Mutation in Parents of Children with Familial Mediterranean Fever: What Are the Exceptions? Int J Inflam 2018; 2018:1902791. [PMID: 30402217 PMCID: PMC6191955 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1902791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Familial Mediterranean Fever (FMF) is one of the most prevalent periodic fever syndromes; MEFV, the responsible gene for the disease, is in the short arm of chromosome16. In the considerable count of the FMF patients, only one mutation is found in the MEFV and parents, who were the obligatory carriers for that mutation, were asymptomatic. The aim of this study was to evaluate these asymptomatic parents in regard to mutation in MEFV gene and similarity between parents and offspring patients. Methods In this cross-sectional study, asymptomatic parents of FMF patients enrolled the study were referred to periodic fever clinic or pediatric rheumatology clinic of Tehran University of Medical Sciences. The patients should have at least one mutation in MEFV gene and none of them had any family history of autoinflammatory disease. Twelve mutations in MEFV gene were assessed in the parents by Vienna Lab FMF Strip Assay kit by MAS PCR/Reverse hybridization. Results Forty-three patients and their parents participated in the study. Sixty-three percent (27) of patients were male. Onset of disease symptoms in 31 patients (72%) was before 4 years of old. Nine (21%) of the patients had homozygote, 16 (37%) compound heterozygote, and 17(40%) heterozygote for MEFV mutation; there was a case of complex alleles mutations (2%). M694V/M694V in 4 patients (9%) was the most homozygote genotype, and M694V/R761H in 4 (9%) and E148Q in 7 (16%) were the most compound heterozygote and heterozygote genotype, respectively. M694V, M680I, and E148Q were the most mutation in the parents. Overall, 41 patients had mutations similar to their parents' mutation, except 2 whose parents had no mutation, but a patient did. Conclusion It seems that occurrence of new mutations in offspring is not prevalent among FMF patients and there are other reasons for different clinical presentation in similar mutation carriers. On the other hand, in ethnicities with high prevalence of FMF, new mutation in descendant may occur, infrequently.
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14
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Jamilloux Y, Magnotti F, Belot A, Henry T. The pyrin inflammasome: from sensing RhoA GTPases-inhibiting toxins to triggering autoinflammatory syndromes. Pathog Dis 2018; 76:4956042. [PMID: 29718184 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/fty020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous pathogens including Clostridium difficile and Yersinia pestis have evolved toxins or effectors targeting GTPases from the RhoA subfamily (RhoA/B/C) to inhibit or hijack the host cytoskeleton dynamics. The resulting impairment of RhoA GTPases activity is sensed by the host via an innate immune complex termed the pyrin inflammasome in which caspase-1 is activated. The cascade leading to activation of the pyrin inflammasome has been recently uncovered. In this review, following a brief presentation of RhoA GTPases-modulating toxins, we present the pyrin inflammasome and its regulatory mechanisms. Furthermore, we discuss how some pathogens have developed strategies to escape detection by the pyrin inflammasome. Finally, we present five monogenic autoinflammatory diseases associated with pyrin inflammasome deregulation. The molecular insights provided by the study of these diseases and the corresponding mutations on pyrin inflammasome regulation and activation are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvan Jamilloux
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), Inserm U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, F-69007 Lyon, France.,Departement de Médecine Interne, Hopital de la Croix-Rousse, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, F-69004 Lyon, France
| | - Flora Magnotti
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), Inserm U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, F-69007 Lyon, France
| | - Alexandre Belot
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), Inserm U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, F-69007 Lyon, France.,Service de Néphrologie, Rhumatologie, Dermatologie pédiatrique, Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant, Hospices Civils de Lyon, F-69677 Lyon, France
| | - Thomas Henry
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), Inserm U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, F-69007 Lyon, France
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15
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Dewald G. A missense mutation in the plasminogen gene, within the plasminogen kringle 3 domain, in hereditary angioedema with normal C1 inhibitor. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 498:193-198. [PMID: 29548426 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.12.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Hereditary angioedema (HAE) is a genetically heterogeneous disease that is characterized by recurrent skin swelling, abdominal pain attacks, and potentially life-threatening upper airway obstruction. The two classic types, HAE types I and II, are both caused by mutations in the complement C1 inhibitor (SERPING1) gene resulting either in a quantitative or a qualitative deficiency of C1 inhibitor. In so-called HAE type III, in contrast, patients show normal C1 inhibitor measurements in plasma ('HAE with normal C1 inhibitor'). As previously shown by us, one subgroup of 'HAE with normal C1 inhibitor' is caused by mutations of the coagulation factor XII (F12) gene. For the present study, following the exclusion of numerous candidate genes, we screened eight unrelated index patients representing eight 'HAE families with normal C1 inhibitor and no F12 mutation' for mutations in the plasminogen (PLG) gene. A rare non-conservative missense mutation was newly identified in exon 9 of the PLG gene. This mutation (c.1100A > G), encountered in three out of eight patients, predicts a lysine-to-glutamic acid substitution in position 311 of the mature protein (p.Lys311Glu). Using isoelectric focusing of plasma samples followed by an immunoblotting procedure we demonstrated that the presence of the mutation is associated with a dysplasminogenemia, namely the presence of an aberrant plasminogen protein. The predicted structural and functional impact of the mutation, its absence in 139 control individuals, and its co-segregation with the phenotype in three large families provide strong support that it causes disease. Extending a previously proposed gene-based alphabetic nomenclature for the various HAE types one may use the term 'HAE type C' for the HAE entity described here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Dewald
- Institute for Molecular and Preventive Medicine, Kurfürstenstr. 10, 56068 Koblenz, Germany.
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16
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Jamilloux Y, Lefeuvre L, Magnotti F, Martin A, Benezech S, Allatif O, Penel-Page M, Hentgen V, Sève P, Gerfaud-Valentin M, Duquesne A, Desjonquères M, Laurent A, Rémy-Piccolo V, Cimaz R, Cantarini L, Bourdonnay E, Walzer T, Py BF, Belot A, Henry T. Familial Mediterranean fever mutations are hypermorphic mutations that specifically decrease the activation threshold of the Pyrin inflammasome. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2017; 57:100-111. [PMID: 29040788 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kex373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives FMF is the most frequent autoinflammatory disease and is associated in most patients with bi-allelic MEFV mutations. MEFV encodes Pyrin, an inflammasome sensor activated following RhoGTPase inhibition. The functional consequences of MEFV mutations on the ability of Pyrin variants to act as inflammasome sensors are largely unknown. The aim of this study was to assess whether MEFV mutations affect the ability of Pyrin to detect RhoGTPase inhibition and other inflammasome stimuli. Methods IL-1β and IL-18 released by monocytes from healthy donors (HDs) and FMF patients were measured upon specific engagement of the Pyrin, NLRP3 and NLRC4 inflammasomes. Cell death kinetics following Pyrin activation was monitored in real time. Results Monocytes from FMF patients secreted significantly more IL-1β and IL-18 and died significantly faster than HD monocytes in response to low concentrations of Clostridium difficile toxin B (TcdB), a Pyrin-activating stimulus. Monocytes from patients bearing two MEFV exon 10 pathogenic variants displayed an increased Pyrin inflammasome response compared with monocytes from patients with a single exon 10 pathogenic variant indicating a gene-dosage effect. Using a short priming step, the response of monocytes from FMF patients to NLRP3- and NLRC4-activating stimuli was normal indicating that MEFV mutations trigger a specific hypersensitivity of monocytes to low doses of a Pyrin-engaging stimulus. Conclusion Contrary to the NLRP3 mutations described in cryopyrin-associated periodic syndrome, FMF-associated MEFV mutations do not lead to a constitutive activation of Pyrin. Rather, FMF-associated mutations are hypermorphic mutations that specifically decrease the activation threshold of the Pyrin inflammasome without affecting other canonical inflammasomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvan Jamilloux
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), Inserm U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, University of Lyon, F-69007
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Croix-Rousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon
| | - Lucie Lefeuvre
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), Inserm U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, University of Lyon, F-69007
- Department of General Medicine, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Flora Magnotti
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), Inserm U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, University of Lyon, F-69007
- Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, AOU Meyer, University of Firenze, Firenze
- Research Center of Systemic Autoinflammatory Diseases and Behcet's Disease Clinic, Rheumatology Unit, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Amandine Martin
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), Inserm U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, University of Lyon, F-69007
| | - Sarah Benezech
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), Inserm U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, University of Lyon, F-69007
| | - Omran Allatif
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), Inserm U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, University of Lyon, F-69007
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Service (BIBS), University of Lyon, Lyon
| | - Mathilde Penel-Page
- Department of Paediatric Nephrology, Rheumatology, Dermatology, Hôpital Femme-Mère Enfant, Bron
| | - Véronique Hentgen
- French Reference Centre for Autoinflammatory Diseases (CEREMAI), Versailles Hospital, Le Chesnay
| | - Pascal Sève
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Croix-Rousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon
| | | | - Agnès Duquesne
- Department of Paediatric Nephrology, Rheumatology, Dermatology, Hôpital Femme-Mère Enfant, Bron
| | - Marine Desjonquères
- Department of Paediatric Nephrology, Rheumatology, Dermatology, Hôpital Femme-Mère Enfant, Bron
| | - Audrey Laurent
- Department of Paediatric Nephrology, Rheumatology, Dermatology, Hôpital Femme-Mère Enfant, Bron
| | - Vanessa Rémy-Piccolo
- Department of Paediatric Rheumatology, Hôpital Nord Ouest, Villefranche sur Saône, France
| | - Rolando Cimaz
- Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, AOU Meyer, University of Firenze, Firenze
| | - Luca Cantarini
- Research Center of Systemic Autoinflammatory Diseases and Behcet's Disease Clinic, Rheumatology Unit, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Emilie Bourdonnay
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), Inserm U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, University of Lyon, F-69007
| | - Thierry Walzer
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), Inserm U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, University of Lyon, F-69007
| | - Bénédicte F Py
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), Inserm U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, University of Lyon, F-69007
| | - Alexandre Belot
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), Inserm U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, University of Lyon, F-69007
- Department of Paediatric Nephrology, Rheumatology, Dermatology, Hôpital Femme-Mère Enfant, Bron
| | - Thomas Henry
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), Inserm U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, University of Lyon, F-69007
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17
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Heilig R, Broz P. Function and mechanism of the pyrin inflammasome. Eur J Immunol 2017; 48:230-238. [DOI: 10.1002/eji.201746947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Petr Broz
- Biozentrum; University of Basel; Basel Switzerland
- Department of Biochemistry; University of Lausanne; Epalinges Switzerland
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18
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Sighart R, Rech J, Hueber A, Blank N, Löhr S, Reis A, Sticht H, Hüffmeier U. Evidence for genetic overlap between adult onset Still's disease and hereditary periodic fever syndromes. Rheumatol Int 2017; 38:111-120. [PMID: 29159471 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-017-3885-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Adult onset Still's disease (AOSD) is a severe, autoimmune disease that can be challenging to treat with conventional therapeutics and biologicals in a considerable number of cases. Therefore, there is a high need to understand its pathogenesis better. As major clinical symptoms overlap between AOSD and hereditary periodic fever syndromes (HPFS), we analysed four known HPFS genes in AOSD. METHODS We performed Sanger sequencing and quantitative analysis of all coding regions of MEFV, TNFRSF1A, MVK and NLRP3 in 40 AOSD patients. All rare coding variants (n = 6) were evaluated for several aspects to classify them as benign to pathogenic variants. Statistical analysis was performed to analyse whether variants classified as (likely) pathogenic were associated with AOSD. RESULTS We identified three rare variants in MEFV, one previously not described. Association to the three likely pathogenic MEFV variants was significant (p c = 2.34E- 03), and two of the three carriers had a severe course of disease. We observed strong evidence for significant association to mutations in TNFRSF1A (p c = 2.40E- 04), as 5% of patients (2/40) carried a (likely) pathogenic variant in this gene. Both of them received a biological for treatment. CONCLUSION Our results indicate TNFRSF1A as a relevant gene in AOSD, especially in patients with a more challenging course of disease, while causal variants remain to be identified in the majority of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Sighart
- Institute of Human Genetics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 10, 91052, Erlangen, Germany
| | - J Rech
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 and Institute of Clinical Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - A Hueber
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 and Institute of Clinical Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - N Blank
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine V, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S Löhr
- Institute of Human Genetics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 10, 91052, Erlangen, Germany
| | - A Reis
- Institute of Human Genetics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 10, 91052, Erlangen, Germany
| | - H Sticht
- Bioinformatics, Institute of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - U Hüffmeier
- Institute of Human Genetics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 10, 91052, Erlangen, Germany.
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19
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Geoepidemiology and Immunologic Features of Autoinflammatory Diseases: a Comprehensive Review. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2017; 54:454-479. [DOI: 10.1007/s12016-017-8613-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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20
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Martorana D, Bonatti F, Mozzoni P, Vaglio A, Percesepe A. Monogenic Autoinflammatory Diseases with Mendelian Inheritance: Genes, Mutations, and Genotype/Phenotype Correlations. Front Immunol 2017; 8:344. [PMID: 28421071 PMCID: PMC5376573 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoinflammatory diseases (AIDs) are a genetically heterogeneous group of diseases caused by mutations of genes encoding proteins, which play a pivotal role in the regulation of the inflammatory response. In the pathogenesis of AIDs, the role of the genetic background is triggered by environmental factors through the modulation of the innate immune system. Monogenic AIDs are characterized by Mendelian inheritance and are caused by highly penetrant genetic variants in single genes. During the last years, remarkable progress has been made in the identification of disease-associated genes by using new technologies, such as next-generation sequencing, which has allowed the genetic characterization in undiagnosed patients and in sporadic cases by means of targeted resequencing of a gene panel and whole exome sequencing. In this review, we delineate the genetics of the monogenic AIDs, report the role of the most common gene mutations, and describe the evidences of the most sound genotype/phenotype correlations in AID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Martorana
- Unit of Medical Genetics, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Francesco Bonatti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Paola Mozzoni
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Augusto Vaglio
- Unit of Nephrology, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Antonio Percesepe
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
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21
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Y chromosome palindromes and gene conversion. Hum Genet 2017; 136:605-619. [PMID: 28303348 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-017-1777-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The presence of large and near-identical inverted repeat sequences (called palindromes) is a common feature of the constitutively haploid sex chromosomes of different species. Despite the fact palindromes originated in a non-recombining context, they have evolved a strong recombinational activity in the form of abundant arm-to-arm gene conversion. Their independent appearance in different species suggests they can have a profound biological significance that has yet to be fully clarified. It has been theorized that natural selection may have favored palindromic organization of male-specific genes and that the establishment of intra-palindrome gene conversion has strong adaptive significance. Arm-to-arm gene conversion allows the efficient removal of deleterious mutations, increases the fixation rate of beneficial mutations and has played an important role in modulating the equilibrium between gene loss and acquisition during Y chromosome evolution. Additionally, a palindromic organization of duplicates could favor the formation of unusual chromatin structures and could optimize the use of gene conversion as a mechanism to maintain the structural integrity of male-specific genes. In this review, we describe the structural features of palindromes on mammalian sex chromosomes and summarize different hypotheses regarding palindrome evolution and the functional benefits of arm-to-arm gene conversion on the unique haploid portion of the nuclear genome.
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22
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The genomic landscape of evolutionary convergence in mammals, birds and reptiles. Nat Ecol Evol 2017; 1:41. [PMID: 28812724 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-016-0041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Many lineage-defining (nodal) mutations possess high functionality. However, differentiating adaptive nodal mutations from those that are functionally compensated remains challenging. To address this challenge, we identified functional nodal mutations (fNMs) in ~3,400 nuclear DNA (nDNA) and 4 mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) protein structures from 91 and 1,003 species, respectively, representing the entire mammalian, bird and reptile phylogeny. A screen for candidate compensatory mutations among co-occurring amino acid changes in close structural proximity revealed that such compensated fNMs encompass 37% and 27% of the mtDNA and nDNA datasets, respectively. Analysis of the remaining (non-compensated) mutations, which are enriched for adaptive mutations, showed that birds and mammals share most such recurrent fNMs (N = 51). Among the latter, we discovered mutations in thermoregulation-related genes. These represent the best candidates to explain the molecular basis of convergent body thermoregulation in birds and mammals. Our analysis reveals the landscape of possible mutational compensation and convergence in amniote phylogeny.
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23
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Latsoudis H, Mashreghi MF, Grün JR, Chang HD, Stuhlmüller B, Repa A, Gergiannaki I, Kabouraki E, Vlachos GS, Häupl T, Radbruch A, Sidiropoulos P, Doukoumetzidis K, Kardassis D, Niewold TB, Boumpas DT, Goulielmos GN. Differential Expression of miR-4520a Associated With Pyrin Mutations in Familial Mediterranean Fever (FMF). J Cell Physiol 2016; 232:1326-1336. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Helen Latsoudis
- Molecular Medicine and Human Genetics Laboratory; School of Medicine; University of Crete; Heraklion Greece
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology; FORTH; Heraklion Crete Greece
| | - Mir-Farzin Mashreghi
- German Rheumatism Research Center (DRFZ) Berlin; Leibniz Institute; Berlin Germany
| | - Joachim R. Grün
- Department of Bioinformatics; German Rheumatism Research Center (DRFZ); Leibniz Institute; Berlin Germany
| | - Hyun-Dong Chang
- German Rheumatism Research Center (DRFZ) Berlin; Leibniz Institute; Berlin Germany
| | - Bruno Stuhlmüller
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology; Charité University Hospital; Berlin Germany
| | - Argyro Repa
- Clinic of Rheumatology; University Hospital of Heraklion; Crete Greece
| | - Irini Gergiannaki
- Clinic of Rheumatology; University Hospital of Heraklion; Crete Greece
| | - Eleni Kabouraki
- Clinic of Rheumatology; University Hospital of Heraklion; Crete Greece
| | | | - Thomas Häupl
- German Rheumatism Research Center (DRFZ) Berlin; Leibniz Institute; Berlin Germany
| | - Andreas Radbruch
- German Rheumatism Research Center (DRFZ) Berlin; Leibniz Institute; Berlin Germany
| | | | | | - Dimitris Kardassis
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology; FORTH; Heraklion Crete Greece
- Department of Biochemistry; School of Medicine; University of Crete; Heraklion Greece
| | - Timothy B. Niewold
- Division of Rheumatology; Department of Immunology; Mayo Clinic; Rochester Minnesota
| | - Dimitrios T. Boumpas
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology; FORTH; Heraklion Crete Greece
- Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens; Athens Greece
- 4th Department of Medicine; Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology; National and Kapodistrian University; Athens Greece
| | - George N. Goulielmos
- Molecular Medicine and Human Genetics Laboratory; School of Medicine; University of Crete; Heraklion Greece
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Masters SL, Lagou V, Jéru I, Baker PJ, Van Eyck L, Parry DA, Lawless D, De Nardo D, Garcia-Perez JE, Dagley LF, Holley CL, Dooley J, Moghaddas F, Pasciuto E, Jeandel PY, Sciot R, Lyras D, Webb AI, Nicholson SE, De Somer L, van Nieuwenhove E, Ruuth-Praz J, Copin B, Cochet E, Medlej-Hashim M, Megarbane A, Schroder K, Savic S, Goris A, Amselem S, Wouters C, Liston A. Familial autoinflammation with neutrophilic dermatosis reveals a regulatory mechanism of pyrin activation. Sci Transl Med 2016; 8:332ra45. [PMID: 27030597 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaf1471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Pyrin responds to pathogen signals and loss of cellular homeostasis by forming an inflammasome complex that drives the cleavage and secretion of interleukin-1β (IL-1β). Mutations in the B30.2/SPRY domain cause pathogen-independent activation of pyrin and are responsible for the autoinflammatory disease familial Mediterranean fever (FMF). We studied a family with a dominantly inherited autoinflammatory disease, distinct from FMF, characterized by childhood-onset recurrent episodes of neutrophilic dermatosis, fever, elevated acute-phase reactants, arthralgia, and myalgia/myositis. The disease was caused by a mutation in MEFV, the gene encoding pyrin (S242R). The mutation results in the loss of a 14-3-3 binding motif at phosphorylated S242, which was not perturbed by FMF mutations in the B30.2/SPRY domain. However, loss of both S242 phosphorylation and 14-3-3 binding was observed for bacterial effectors that activate the pyrin inflammasome, such as Clostridium difficile toxin B (TcdB). The S242R mutation thus recapitulated the effect of pathogen sensing, triggering inflammasome activation and IL-1β production. Successful therapy targeting IL-1β has been initiated in one patient, resolving pyrin-associated autoinflammation with neutrophilic dermatosis. This disease provides evidence that a guard-like mechanism of pyrin regulation, originally identified for Nod-like receptors in plant innate immunity, also exists in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth L Masters
- Inflammation Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia. Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
| | - Vasiliki Lagou
- Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium. Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium. Translational Immunology Laboratory, VIB, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Isabelle Jéru
- INSERM, UMR S933, Paris F-75012, France. Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris, UMR S933, Paris F-75012, France. Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Trousseau, Service de Génétique et d'Embryologie médicales, Paris F-75012, France
| | - Paul J Baker
- Inflammation Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia. Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Lien Van Eyck
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium. Translational Immunology Laboratory, VIB, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - David A Parry
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh LS7 4SA, UK
| | - Dylan Lawless
- Leeds Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Leeds, Wellcome Trust Brenner Building, Saint James's University Hospital, Leeds LS7 4SA, UK
| | - Dominic De Nardo
- Inflammation Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia. Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Josselyn E Garcia-Perez
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium. Translational Immunology Laboratory, VIB, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Laura F Dagley
- Inflammation Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia. Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia. Systems Biology and Personalised Medicine Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Caroline L Holley
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB) and IMB Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - James Dooley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium. Translational Immunology Laboratory, VIB, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Fiona Moghaddas
- Inflammation Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia. Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Emanuela Pasciuto
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium. Translational Immunology Laboratory, VIB, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Pierre-Yves Jeandel
- Département de Médecine Interne, Hôpital Archet 1, Université Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 06202 Nice, France
| | - Raf Sciot
- Department of Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium. University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Dena Lyras
- Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Andrew I Webb
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia. Systems Biology and Personalised Medicine Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Sandra E Nicholson
- Inflammation Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia. Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | | | - Erika van Nieuwenhove
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium. Translational Immunology Laboratory, VIB, Leuven 3000, Belgium. University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Julia Ruuth-Praz
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris, UMR S933, Paris F-75012, France. Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Trousseau, Service de Génétique et d'Embryologie médicales, Paris F-75012, France
| | - Bruno Copin
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Trousseau, Service de Génétique et d'Embryologie médicales, Paris F-75012, France
| | - Emmanuelle Cochet
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Trousseau, Service de Génétique et d'Embryologie médicales, Paris F-75012, France
| | - Myrna Medlej-Hashim
- Department of Life and Earth Sciences, Faculty of Sciences II, Lebanese University, Beirut 1102 2801, Lebanon
| | - Andre Megarbane
- Al-Jawhara Center, Arabian Gulf University, Manama 26671, Bahrain
| | - Kate Schroder
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB) and IMB Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Sinisa Savic
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Saint James's University Hospital, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK. National Institute for Health Research-Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit and Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, Wellcome Trust Brenner Building, Saint James's University Hospital, Beckett Street, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | - An Goris
- Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Serge Amselem
- INSERM, UMR S933, Paris F-75012, France. Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris, UMR S933, Paris F-75012, France. Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Trousseau, Service de Génétique et d'Embryologie médicales, Paris F-75012, France
| | - Carine Wouters
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium. University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium.
| | - Adrian Liston
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium. Translational Immunology Laboratory, VIB, Leuven 3000, Belgium.
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25
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Familial Mediterranean fever mutations lift the obligatory requirement for microtubules in Pyrin inflammasome activation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:14384-14389. [PMID: 27911804 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1613156113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is the most common monogenic autoinflammatory disease worldwide. It is caused by mutations in the inflammasome adaptor Pyrin, but how FMF mutations alter signaling in FMF patients is unknown. Herein, we establish Clostridium difficile and its enterotoxin A (TcdA) as Pyrin-activating agents and show that wild-type and FMF Pyrin are differentially controlled by microtubules. Diverse microtubule assembly inhibitors prevented Pyrin-mediated caspase-1 activation and secretion of IL-1β and IL-18 from mouse macrophages and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Remarkably, Pyrin inflammasome activation persisted upon microtubule disassembly in PBMCs of FMF patients but not in cells of patients afflicted with other autoinflammatory diseases. We further demonstrate that microtubules control Pyrin activation downstream of Pyrin dephosphorylation and that FMF mutations enable microtubule-independent assembly of apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain (ASC) micrometer-sized perinuclear structures (specks). The discovery that Pyrin mutations remove the obligatory requirement for microtubules in inflammasome activation provides a conceptual framework for understanding FMF and enables immunological screening of FMF mutations.
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26
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Manukyan G, Aminov R. Update on Pyrin Functions and Mechanisms of Familial Mediterranean Fever. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:456. [PMID: 27066000 PMCID: PMC4815028 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the MEFV gene, which encodes the protein named pyrin (also called marenostrin or TRIM20), are associated with the autoinflammatory disease familial Mediterranean fever (FMF). Recent genetic and immunologic studies uncovered novel functions of pyrin and raised several new questions in relation to FMF pathogenesis. The disease is clinically heterogeneous reflecting the complexity and multiplicity of pyrin functions. The main functions uncovered so far include its involvement in innate immune response such as the inflammasome assemblage and, as a part of the inflammasome, sensing intracellular danger signals, activation of mediators of inflammation, and resolution of inflammation by the autophagy of regulators of innate immunity. Based on these functions, the FMF-associated versions of pyrin confer a heightened sensitivity to a variety of intracellular danger signals and postpone the resolution of innate immune responses. It remains to be demonstrated, however, what kind of selective advantage the heterozygous carriage conferred in the past to be positively selected and maintained in populations from the Mediterranean basin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayane Manukyan
- Group of Molecular and Cellular Immunology, Institute of Molecular Biology, National Academy of Sciences Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Rustam Aminov
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Aberdeen Aberdeen, UK
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27
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Arakelov GG, Osipov OV, Nazaryan KB. Effects of M680I and M694V pyrin mutations on the tertiary structure of domain B30.2 and its interaction with caspase-1: In silico analysis. Mol Biol 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893315050027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Crystal structure of TRIM20 C-terminal coiled-coil/B30.2 fragment: implications for the recognition of higher order oligomers. Sci Rep 2015; 5:10819. [PMID: 26043233 PMCID: PMC4455283 DOI: 10.1038/srep10819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Many tripartite motif-containing (TRIM) proteins, comprising RING-finger, B-Box, and coiled-coil domains, carry additional B30.2 domains on the C-terminus of the TRIM motif and are considered to be pattern recognition receptors involved in the detection of higher order oligomers (e.g. viral capsid proteins). To investigate the spatial architecture of domains in TRIM proteins we determined the crystal structure of the TRIM20Δ413 fragment at 2.4 Å resolution. This structure comprises the central helical scaffold (CHS) and C-terminal B30.2 domains and reveals an anti-parallel arrangement of CHS domains placing the B-box domains 170 Å apart from each other. Small-angle X-ray scattering confirmed that the linker between CHS and B30.2 domains is flexible in solution. The crystal structure suggests an interaction between the B30.2 domain and an extended stretch in the CHS domain, which involves residues that are mutated in the inherited disease Familial Mediterranean Fever. Dimerization of B30.2 domains by means of the CHS domain is crucial for TRIM20 to bind pro-IL-1β in vitro. To exemplify how TRIM proteins could be involved in binding higher order oligomers we discuss three possible models for the TRIM5α/HIV-1 capsid interaction assuming different conformations of B30.2 domains.
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29
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Celik S, Tangi F, Oktenli C. Increased frequency of Mediterranean fever gene variants in multiple myeloma. Oncol Lett 2014; 8:1735-1738. [PMID: 25202401 PMCID: PMC4156200 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2014.2407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
High frequencies of inherited variants in the Mediterranean fever (MEFV) gene have been identified in patients with multiple myeloma (MM). The sample size of the present pilot study was small, therefore, the actual frequency of inherited variants in the MEFV gene could be investigated in patients with MM. Twenty-eight patients with MM and 65 healthy controls were included in the study. Six heterozygous and one homozygous (E148Q/E148Q) variant was identified in patients with MM. None of the patients had a family history compatible with familial Mediterranean fever. In the healthy control group, 11 heterozygous variants were identified. The difference in the overall frequency of the inherited variants in the MEFV gene between the MM patients and the controls was statistically significant (χ2=4.905; P=0.027). In conclusion, a high frequency of inherited variants in the MEFV gene was identified in patients with MM. Based on the current data, it is hypothesized that the MEFV gene is a cancer susceptibility gene. Additional evidence, such as familial aggregation, monozygotic versus dizygotic twin concordance, and tumors in genetically engineered model organisms, is required in order to support this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serkan Celik
- Division of Oncology, GATA Haydarpasa Training Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Fatih Tangi
- Division of Internal Medicine, GATA Haydarpasa Training Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Cagatay Oktenli
- Department of Internal Medicine, Anadolu Medical Center, Kocaeli, Turkey
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30
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From PPROM to caul: The evolution of membrane rupture in mammals. Appl Transl Genom 2013; 2:70-77. [PMID: 27896058 PMCID: PMC5121252 DOI: 10.1016/j.atg.2013.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2013] [Revised: 08/20/2013] [Accepted: 08/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Rupture of the extraembryonic membranes that form the gestational sac in humans is a typical feature of human parturition. However, preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) occurs in approximately 1% of pregnancies, and is a leading cause of preterm birth. Conversely, retention of an intact gestational sac during parturition in the form of a caul is a rare occurrence. Understanding the molecular and evolutionary underpinnings of these disparate phenotypes can provide insight into both normal pregnancy and PPROM. Using phylogenetic techniques we reconstructed the evolution of the gestational sac phenotype at parturition in 55 mammal species representing all major viviparous mammal groups. We infer the ancestral state in therians, eutherians, and primates, as in humans, is a ruptured gestational sac at parturition. We present evidence that intact membranes at parturition have evolved convergently in diverse mammals including horses, elephants, and bats. In order to gain insight into the molecular underpinnings of the evolution of enhanced membrane integrity we also used comparative genomics techniques to reconstruct the evolution of a subset of genes implicated in PPROM, and find that four genes (ADAMTS2, COL1A1, COL5A1, LEPRE1) show significant evidence of increased nonsynonymous rates of substitution on lineages with intact membranes as compared to those with ruptured membranes. Among these genes, we also discovered that 17 human SNPs are associated with or near amino acid replacement sites in those mammals with intact membranes. These SNPs are candidate functional variants within humans, which may play roles in both PPROM and/or the retention of the gestational sac at birth.
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31
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Soylemez O, Kondrashov FA. Estimating the rate of irreversibility in protein evolution. Genome Biol Evol 2013; 4:1213-22. [PMID: 23132897 PMCID: PMC3542581 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evs096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Whether or not evolutionary change is inherently irreversible remains a controversial
topic. Some examples of evolutionary irreversibility are known; however, this question has
not been comprehensively addressed at the molecular level. Here, we use data from 221
human genes with known pathogenic mutations to estimate the rate of irreversibility in
protein evolution. For these genes, we reconstruct ancestral amino acid sequences along
the mammalian phylogeny and identify ancestral amino acid states that match known
pathogenic mutations. Such cases represent inherent evolutionary irreversibility because,
at the present moment, reversals to these ancestral amino acid states are impossible for
the human lineage. We estimate that approximately 10% of all amino acid
substitutions along the mammalian phylogeny are irreversible, such that a return to the
ancestral amino acid state would lead to a pathogenic phenotype. For a subset of 51 genes
with high rates of irreversibility, as much as 40% of all amino acid evolution was
estimated to be irreversible. Because pathogenic phenotypes do not resemble ancestral
phenotypes, the molecular nature of the high rate of irreversibility in proteins is best
explained by evolution with a high prevalence of compensatory, epistatic interactions
between amino acid sites. Under such mode of protein evolution, once an amino acid
substitution is fixed, the probability of its reversal declines as the protein sequence
accumulates changes that affect the phenotypic manifestation of the ancestral state. The
prevalence of epistasis in evolution indicates that the observed high rate of
irreversibility in protein evolution is an inherent property of protein structure and
function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onuralp Soylemez
- Bioinformatics and Genomics Programme, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona, Spain
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Ktsoyan ZA, Beloborodova NV, Sedrakyan AM, Osipov GA, Khachatryan ZA, Manukyan GP, Arakelova KA, Hovhannisyan AI, Arakelyan AA, Ghazaryan KA, Zakaryan MK, Aminov RI. Management of familial Mediterranean fever by colchicine does not normalize the altered profile of microbial long chain fatty acids in the human metabolome. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2013; 3:2. [PMID: 23373011 PMCID: PMC3556566 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2013.00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2012] [Accepted: 01/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In our previous works we established that in an autoinflammatory condition, familial Mediterranean fever (FMF), the gut microbial diversity is specifically restructured, which also results in the altered profiles of microbial long chain fatty acids (LCFAs) present in the systemic metabolome. The mainstream management of the disease is based on oral administration of colchicine to suppress clinical signs and extend remission periods and our aim was to determine whether this therapy normalizes the microbial LCFA profiles in the metabolome as well. Unexpectedly, the treatment does not normalize these profiles. Moreover, it results in the formation of new distinct microbial LCFA clusters, which are well separated from the corresponding values in healthy controls and FMF patients without the therapy. We hypothesize that the therapy alters the proinflammatory network specific for the disease, with the concomitant changes in gut microbiota and the corresponding microbial LCFAs in the metabolome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanna A Ktsoyan
- Institute of Molecular Biology, National Academy of Sciences, Yerevan, Republic of Armenia
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Sayan O, Kilicaslan E, Celik S, Tangi F, Erikci AA, Ipcioglu O, Sanisoglu YS, Nalbant S, Oktenli C. High Frequency of Inherited Variants in the MEFV Gene in Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia. Indian J Hematol Blood Transfus 2012; 27:164-8. [PMID: 22942567 DOI: 10.1007/s12288-011-0095-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2011] [Accepted: 07/07/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we aimed to determine the frequency of inherited variants in the MEFV (Mediterranean FeVer), the gene responsible for familial Mediterranean fever (FMF), gene in patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL). The eight MEFV gene variants (M694I, M694V, M680I (G/C-A), V726A, R761H, E148Q and P369S) were detected in 36 patients with ALL and 65 healthy controls; none had own and/or family history compatible with FMF. We identified 11 heterozygous inherited variants in the MEFV gene in both ALL patients and controls. The mean overall frequency of inherited variants in the MEFV gene rate was higher in ALL patients than healthy controls (P = 0.040). It is interesting to note that M680I/0 is predominant variant in patients with ALL. In addition, E148Q variant frequency was also significantly higher in the patient group than the controls (P = 0.012). In conclusion, overall frequency of inherited variants in the MEFV gene was found to be higher in patients with ALL. Based on the present data, it is difficult to reach a definitive conclusion regarding the possibility that inherited variants in the MEFV gene could represent a causative role in ALL. However, the data of our study may provide some new insights in understanding of individual genetic differences in susceptibility to these neoplasms. Further investigations are needed to determine the actual role of inherited variants in the MEFV gene in pathogenesis of ALL.
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Rishishwar L, Varghese N, Tyagi E, Harvey SC, Jordan IK, McCarty NA. Relating the disease mutation spectrum to the evolution of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). PLoS One 2012; 7:e42336. [PMID: 22879944 PMCID: PMC3413703 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0042336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2012] [Accepted: 07/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the most common genetic disease among Caucasians, and accordingly the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein has perhaps the best characterized disease mutation spectrum with more than 1,500 causative mutations having been identified. In this study, we took advantage of that wealth of mutational information in an effort to relate site-specific evolutionary parameters with the propensity and severity of CFTR disease-causing mutations. To do this, we devised a scoring scheme for known CFTR disease-causing mutations based on the Grantham amino acid chemical difference matrix. CFTR site-specific evolutionary constraint values were then computed for seven different evolutionary metrics across a range of increasing evolutionary depths. The CFTR mutational scores and the various site-specific evolutionary constraint values were compared in order to evaluate which evolutionary measures best reflect the disease-causing mutation spectrum. Site-specific evolutionary constraint values from the widely used comparative method PolyPhen2 show the best correlation with the CFTR mutation score spectrum, whereas more straightforward conservation based measures (ConSurf and ScoreCons) show the greatest ability to predict individual CFTR disease-causing mutations. While far greater than could be expected by chance alone, the fraction of the variability in mutation scores explained by the PolyPhen2 metric (3.6%), along with the best set of paired sensitivity (58%) and specificity (60%) values for the prediction of disease-causing residues, were marginal. These data indicate that evolutionary constraint levels are informative but far from determinant with respect to disease-causing mutations in CFTR. Nevertheless, this work shows that, when combined with additional lines of evidence, information on site-specific evolutionary conservation can and should be used to guide site-directed mutagenesis experiments by more narrowly defining the set of target residues, resulting in a potential savings of both time and money.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lavanya Rishishwar
- School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
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35
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Dudley JT, Kim Y, Liu L, Markov GJ, Gerold K, Chen R, Butte AJ, Kumar S. Human genomic disease variants: a neutral evolutionary explanation. Genome Res 2012; 22:1383-94. [PMID: 22665443 PMCID: PMC3409252 DOI: 10.1101/gr.133702.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Many perspectives on the role of evolution in human health include nonempirical assumptions concerning the adaptive evolutionary origins of human diseases. Evolutionary analyses of the increasing wealth of clinical and population genomic data have begun to challenge these presumptions. In order to systematically evaluate such claims, the time has come to build a common framework for an empirical and intellectual unification of evolution and modern medicine. We review the emerging evidence and provide a supporting conceptual framework that establishes the classical neutral theory of molecular evolution (NTME) as the basis for evaluating disease- associated genomic variations in health and medicine. For over a decade, the NTME has already explained the origins and distribution of variants implicated in diseases and has illuminated the power of evolutionary thinking in genomic medicine. We suggest that a majority of disease variants in modern populations will have neutral evolutionary origins (previously neutral), with a relatively smaller fraction exhibiting adaptive evolutionary origins (previously adaptive). This pattern is expected to hold true for common as well as rare disease variants. Ultimately, a neutral evolutionary perspective will provide medicine with an informative and actionable framework that enables objective clinical assessment beyond convenient tendencies to invoke past adaptive events in human history as a root cause of human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel T Dudley
- Program in Biomedical Informatics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
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36
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Oktenli C, Celik S. High frequency of inherited variants in the MEFV gene in patients with hematologic neoplasms: a genetic susceptibility? Int J Hematol 2012; 95:380-5. [PMID: 22453916 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-012-1061-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2011] [Revised: 03/14/2012] [Accepted: 03/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Familial Mediterranean fever is an autosomal recessive disease occurring in populations originating from the Mediterranean basin. This autoinflammatory syndrome is caused by mutations in the Mediterranean FeVer (MEFV) gene. MEFV encodes a 781 amino acid protein known as pyrin. Pyrin is an important modulator of apoptosis, inflammation, and cytokine processing. In more recent pilot studies, inherited variant analysis of the MEFV gene in patients with hematologic neoplasm showed an unexpectedly high frequency of these variants in the gene. Here, we summarize the current state of knowledge of the relationship between inherited variants in the MEFV gene and hematologic neoplasms. Although no single underlying defect could be targeted in all hematologic neoplasms, it will be important to fully exploit the mechanisms underlying the neoplasm promoting role of inherited variants in MEFV. However, it is unclear how inherited variants in the MEFV gene are associated with tumor susceptibility or promotion in hematologic neoplasms. Further investigations are needed to determine the actual role of the MEFV gene in pathogenesis of these neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cagatay Oktenli
- Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Anadolu Medical Center, 41400 Kocaeli, Turkey.
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Han K, Lou DI, Sawyer SL. Identification of a genomic reservoir for new TRIM genes in primate genomes. PLoS Genet 2011; 7:e1002388. [PMID: 22144910 PMCID: PMC3228819 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1002388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2011] [Accepted: 09/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Tripartite Motif (TRIM) ubiquitin ligases act in the innate immune response against viruses. One of the best characterized members of this family, TRIM5α, serves as a potent retroviral restriction factor with activity against HIV. Here, we characterize what are likely to be the youngest TRIM genes in the human genome. For instance, we have identified 11 TRIM genes that are specific to humans and African apes (chimpanzees, bonobos, and gorillas) and another 7 that are human-specific. Many of these young genes have never been described, and their identification brings the total number of known human TRIM genes to approximately 100. These genes were acquired through segmental duplications, most of which originated from a single locus on chromosome 11. Another polymorphic duplication of this locus has resulted in these genes being copy number variable within the human population, with a Han Chinese woman identified as having 12 additional copies of these TRIM genes compared to other individuals screened in this study. Recently, this locus was annotated as one of 34 "hotspot" regions that are also copy number variable in the genomes of chimpanzees and rhesus macaques. Most of the young TRIM genes originating from this locus are expressed, spliced, and contain signatures of positive natural selection in regions known to determine virus recognition in TRIM5α. However, we find that they do not restrict the same retroviruses as TRIM5α, consistent with the high degree of divergence observed in the regions that control target specificity. We propose that this recombinationally volatile locus serves as a reservoir from which new TRIM genes arise through segmental duplication, allowing primates to continually acquire new antiviral genes that can be selected to target new and evolving pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyudong Han
- Section of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States of America
| | - Dianne I. Lou
- Section of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States of America
| | - Sara L. Sawyer
- Section of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Chae JJ, Cho YH, Lee GS, Cheng J, Liu PP, Feigenbaum L, Katz SI, Kastner DL. Gain-of-function Pyrin mutations induce NLRP3 protein-independent interleukin-1β activation and severe autoinflammation in mice. Immunity 2011; 34:755-68. [PMID: 21600797 PMCID: PMC3129608 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2011.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 329] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2010] [Revised: 12/10/2010] [Accepted: 02/12/2011] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Missense mutations in the C-terminal B30.2 domain of pyrin cause familial Mediterranean fever (FMF), the most common Mendelian autoinflammatory disease. However, it remains controversial as to whether FMF is due to the loss of an inhibitor of inflammation or to the activity of a proinflammatory molecule. We generated both pyrin-deficient mice and "knockin" mice harboring mutant human B30.2 domains. Homozygous knockin, but not pyrin-deficient, mice exhibited spontaneous bone marrow-dependent inflammation similar to but more severe than human FMF. Caspase-1 was constitutively activated in knockin macrophages and active IL-1β was secreted when stimulated with lipopolysaccharide alone, which is also observed in FMF patients. The inflammatory phenotype of knockin mice was completely ablated by crossing with IL-1 receptor-deficient or adaptor molecule ASC-deficient mice, but not NLRP3-deficient mice. Thus, our data provide evidence for an ASC-dependent NLRP3-independent inflammasome in which gain-of-function pyrin mutations cause autoinflammatory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Jin Chae
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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Abstract
The innate immune system relies on the recognition of pathogens by pattern recognition receptors as a first line of defense and to initiate the adaptive immune response. Substantial progress has been made in defining the role of Nod (nucleotide-binding oligimerization domain)-like receptors and AIM2 (absent in melanoma 2) as pattern recognition receptors that activate inflammasomes in macrophages. Inflammasomes are protein platforms essential for the activation of inflammatory caspases and subsequent maturation of their pro-inflammatory cytokine substrates and induction of pyroptosis. This paper summarizes recent developments regarding the function of Nod-like receptors in immunity and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonal Khare
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine and Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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Ning QY, Wu JZ, Li GJ, Zang N, Hu DF, Wu JL, Chen MW, Wan PQ. Screening of differentially expressed low-abundance proteins among serum samples from patients with different HBV-related hepatic diseases by SELDI-TOF-MS. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2011; 19:143-150. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v19.i2.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To screen differentially expressed low-abundance proteins among serum samples from patients with different HBV-related hepatic diseases and to evaluate their possible value in the diagnosis of these diseases.
METHODS: The surface-enhanced laser desorption or ionization time-of-flight mass spectroscopy (SELDI-TOF-MS) was used to screen differentially expressed proteins among serum samples, in which high-abundance proteins had been removed with acetonitrile, collected from patients with asymptomatic chronic hepatitis B (ASC), chronic hepatitis B (CHB), liver cirrhosis (LC), hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and normal controls. Diagnostic models for each disease were then established with differentially expressed proteins. Protein databases were searched to predict the possible structure and function of differentially expressed proteins.
RESULTS: Compared with the normal control group, 63 differentially expressed protein peaks were detected in the ASC group, of which 29 were up-regulated and 34 down-regulated (P < 0.05); 57 in the CHB group, of which 29 up-regulated and 34 down-regulated; 68 in the LC group, of which 33 up-regulated and 35 down-regulated; and 74 in the HCC group, of which 28 up-regulated and 46 down-regulated. A peak with a m/z of 15 889.8 corresponded to a protein whose expression was up-regulated gradually in an order of healthy controls, ASC, CHB and LC patients, and its expression level in the HCC group was lower than those in the CHB group and LC group. The expression of a protein with a m/z of 11 742.2 was higher in the LC group and HCC group than in other groups, and its expression was gradually increased in an order of healthy controls, CHB, and LC patients, or in another order of healthy controls, CHB, and HCC patients. The sensitivity and specificity using the protein peak at 11 742.2 for diagnosis of LC were 90% and 86.67% and for HCC were 93.33% and 83.33%, respectively.
CONCLUSION: Ten protein peaks with m/z values of 8 709.7, 13 759.8, 14 004.0, 15 361.89, 16 072.3, 2 746.8, 3 449.1, 3 941.06, 4 098.3, and 9 445.5 correspond to proteins that might be involved in HBV infection. The protein peak with a m/z of 15 889.8 might be used as a biomarker for early diagnosis of HBV-related liver cirrhosis, while that with a m/z of 11 742.2 might be an important biomarker for the development of HBV-related liver cirrhosis or HCC.
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Celik S, Erikci AA, Tunca Y, Sayan O, Terekeci HM, Umur EE, Torun D, Tangi F, Top C, Oktenli C. The rate of MEFV gene mutations in hematolymphoid neoplasms. Int J Immunogenet 2010; 37:387-91. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-313x.2010.00938.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Ryan JG, Masters SL, Booty MG, Habal N, Alexander JD, Barham BK, Remmers EF, Barron KS, Kastner DL, Aksentijevich I. Clinical features and functional significance of the P369S/R408Q variant in pyrin, the familial Mediterranean fever protein. Ann Rheum Dis 2010; 69:1383-8. [PMID: 19934105 PMCID: PMC3570240 DOI: 10.1136/ard.2009.113415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is caused by mutations in MEFV, which encodes pyrin. The nature of substitutions P369S and R408Q in exon 3 remains unclear. Exon 3 encoding pyrin's B-box domain is necessary for interactions with proline serine threonine phosphatase interacting protein 1 (PSTPIP1). The aim was to characterise the phenotype of patients with these substitutions and to determine their functional significance. METHODS A database of genetic tests undertaken at the US National Institutes of Health was interrogated. Symptoms and signs were classified according to Tel-Hashomer criteria. Coimmunoprecipitation techniques were employed to determine the variants' effects on pyrin/PSTPIP1 interactions. RESULTS A total of 40 symptomatic and 4 asymptomatic family members with these substitutions were identified. P369S and R408Q were found in cis, and cosegregated in all patients sequenced. Clinical details were available on 22 patients. In all, 5 patients had symptoms and signs fulfilling a clinical diagnosis of FMF, and 15 received colchicine. In patients not achieving the criteria, trials of anti-tumour necrosis factor (TNF) agents resulted in partial or no benefit; resolution of symptoms was noted in those receiving anakinra. The carrier frequency was higher in the patient cohort than in controls but was not statistically significant. Coimmunoprecipitation studies demonstrated that these pyrin variants did not affect binding to PSTPIP1. CONCLUSIONS P369S/R408Q substitutions are associated with a highly variable phenotype, and are infrequently associated with typical FMF symptoms, however a trial of colchicine is warranted in all. Functional and modelling studies suggest that these substitutions do not significantly affect pyrin's interaction with PSTPIP1. This study highlights the need for caution in interpreting genetic tests in patients with atypical symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- J G Ryan
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, Building 10, Magnuson Clinical Center, 10C101C, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
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Evolution and disease converge in the mitochondrion. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2010; 1797:1099-104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2010.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2009] [Revised: 12/31/2009] [Accepted: 01/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Cheng J, Waite AL, Tkaczyk ER, Ke K, Richards N, Hunt AJ, Gumucio DL. Kinetic properties of ASC protein aggregation in epithelial cells. J Cell Physiol 2010; 222:738-47. [PMID: 20020448 PMCID: PMC10067259 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.22005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Apoptosis-associated speck-like protein with CARD domain (ASC), an adaptor protein composed of caspase recruitment and pyrin domains, can efficiently self-associate to form a large spherical structure, called a speck. Although ASC aggregation is generally involved with both inflammatory processes and apoptosis, the detailed dynamics of speck formation have not been characterized. In this report, speck formation in HeLa cells transfected with ASC is examined by time-lapse live-imaging by confocal laser scanning microscopy. The results show that ASC aggregation is a very rapid and tightly regulated process. Prior to speck formation, soluble ASC aggregation is a low probability event, and the affinity of ASC subunits for one another is very low. Following a speck nucleation event, the affinity for further addition of ASC subunits increases dramatically, and aggregation is a highly energetically favorable reaction (Gibbs free energy approximately -40 kJ/mol). This leads to a rapid depletion of soluble ASC, making it highly unlikely that a second speck will form inside the same cell and assuring that speck formation is "all or none," with a well-defined end point. Comparison with kinetic models of the aggregation process indicates diffusion, instead of active transport, is the dominant process for speck growth. Though speck formation and aggresome formation share some properties, we show that the two processes are distinct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Cheng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2099
| | - Andrea L. Waite
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200
| | - Eric R. Tkaczyk
- Center for Ultrafast Optical Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2099
| | - Kevin Ke
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2099
| | - Neil Richards
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200
| | - Alan J. Hunt
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2099
- Center for Ultrafast Optical Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2099
| | - Deborah L. Gumucio
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200
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Marques-Bonet T, Ryder OA, Eichler EE. Sequencing primate genomes: what have we learned? Annu Rev Genomics Hum Genet 2009; 10:355-86. [PMID: 19630567 DOI: 10.1146/annurev.genom.9.081307.164420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We summarize the progress in whole-genome sequencing and analyses of primate genomes. These emerging genome datasets have broadened our understanding of primate genome evolution revealing unexpected and complex patterns of evolutionary change. This includes the characterization of genome structural variation, episodic changes in the repeat landscape, differences in gene expression, new models regarding speciation, and the ephemeral nature of the recombination landscape. The functional characterization of genomic differences important in primate speciation and adaptation remains a significant challenge. Limited access to biological materials, the lack of detailed phenotypic data and the endangered status of many critical primate species have significantly attenuated research into the genetic basis of primate evolution. Next-generation sequencing technologies promise to greatly expand the number of available primate genome sequences; however, such draft genome sequences will likely miss critical genetic differences within complex genomic regions unless dedicated efforts are put forward to understand the full spectrum of genetic variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Marques-Bonet
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Seattle, Washington 98105, USA.
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46
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Fumagalli M, Cagliani R, Pozzoli U, Riva S, Comi GP, Menozzi G, Bresolin N, Sironi M. A population genetics study of the Familial Mediterranean Fever gene: evidence of balancing selection under an overdominance regime. Genes Immun 2009; 10:678-86. [DOI: 10.1038/gene.2009.59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Masters SL, Simon A, Aksentijevich I, Kastner DL. Horror autoinflammaticus: the molecular pathophysiology of autoinflammatory disease (*). Annu Rev Immunol 2009; 27:621-68. [PMID: 19302049 DOI: 10.1146/annurev.immunol.25.022106.141627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 750] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The autoinflammatory diseases are characterized by seemingly unprovoked episodes of inflammation, without high-titer autoantibodies or antigen-specific T cells. The concept was proposed ten years ago with the identification of the genes underlying hereditary periodic fever syndromes. This nosology has taken root because of the dramatic advances in our knowledge of the genetic basis of both mendelian and complex autoinflammatory diseases, and with the recognition that these illnesses derive from genetic variants of the innate immune system. Herein we propose an updated classification scheme based on the molecular insights garnered over the past decade, supplanting a clinical classification that has served well but is opaque to the genetic, immunologic, and therapeutic interrelationships now before us. We define six categories of autoinflammatory disease: IL-1beta activation disorders (inflammasomopathies), NF-kappaB activation syndromes, protein misfolding disorders, complement regulatory diseases, disturbances in cytokine signaling, and macrophage activation syndromes. A system based on molecular pathophysiology will bring greater clarity to our discourse while catalyzing new hypotheses both at the bench and at the bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth L Masters
- The National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
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48
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Chae JJ, Aksentijevich I, Kastner DL. Advances in the understanding of familial Mediterranean fever and possibilities for targeted therapy. Br J Haematol 2009; 146:467-78. [PMID: 19466978 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2009.07733.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is a systemic autoinflammatory disorder characterized by seemingly unprovoked recurrent episodes of fever and serosal, synovial, or cutaneous inflammation. FMF is caused by recessively inherited mutations in MEFV, which encodes pyrin, and most of the mutations are present in the C-terminal end of the protein encoding B30.2 domain. The FMF carrier frequencies are extremely high in several eastern Mediterranean populations. Pyrin is expressed in granulocytes, monocytes, dendritic cells, and synovial fibroblasts. Pyrin regulates caspase-1 activation and consequently interleukin-1beta production through the interactions of its N-terminal PYRIN domain and C-terminal B30.2 domain with an adaptor protein, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein with a caspase-recruitment domain (ASC) and caspase-1 respectively. Pyrin is cleaved by caspase-1 and the cleaved N-terminal fragment translocates to nucleus and enhances ASC-independent nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB activation through interactions with p65 NF-kappaB and IkappaB-alpha. In addition to the regulatory role of pyrin for caspase-1, the cleavage of pyrin provides an important clue not only in understanding the molecular pathogenesis of FMF but also in developing new therapeutic targets for FMF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae J Chae
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institutes of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, Genetics and Genomics Branch, Bethesda, MD 20892-1849, USA.
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Waite AL, Schaner P, Hu C, Richards N, Balci-Peynircioglu B, Hong A, Fox M, Gumucio DL. Pyrin and ASC co-localize to cellular sites that are rich in polymerizing actin. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2009; 234:40-52. [PMID: 19109554 DOI: 10.3181/0806-rm-184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is an autoinflammatory disease caused by mutations in the MEFV locus, which encodes the protein pyrin. While it is known that pyrin is expressed in myeloid cells and several fibroblastic cell types, the exact function of pyrin in these cells and the mechanism underlying the pathological effect of pyrin mutations have yet to be revealed. Here, we document that in migrating human monocytes, pyrin protein is dramatically polarized at the leading edge, where it co-localizes with polymerizing actin. ASC (Apoptosis-associated Speck protein with CARD domain), a known pyrin-interacting protein and a critical component of the inflamma-some, is also located at the leading edge in migrating monocytes. Similarly, both pyrin and ASC concentrate in dynamically polymerizing actin-rich tails generated by Listeria monocytogenes. Pyrin's B-box and coiled-coil region is required for its association with Listeria tails. Pyrin also binds, with low affinity and via the same domains, to actin, VASP, and Arp3. Though disease-causing mutations in pyrin do not appear to alter its localization to the leading edge or to Listeria rocket tails, they could potentially have important functional consequences in the context of processes such as migration and cell synapse formation. The co-localization of pyrin and ASC together at such sites may provide an important link between cytoskeletal signaling and inflammasome function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea L Waite
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Box 2200, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200, USA
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Lachmann HJ, Hawkins PN. Developments in the scientific and clinical understanding of autoinflammatory disorders. Arthritis Res Ther 2009; 11:212. [PMID: 19232070 PMCID: PMC2688228 DOI: 10.1186/ar2579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The autoinflammatory diseases, also known as periodic fever syndromes, are disorders of innate immunity which can be inherited or acquired and which cause recurrent, self-limiting, seemingly spontaneous episodes of systemic inflammation and fever in the absence of autoantibody production or infection. There has been much recent progress in elucidating their aetiologies and treatment. With the exception of familial Mediterranean fever, which is common in certain populations, autoinflammatory diseases are mostly rare but should not be overlooked in the differential diagnosis of recurrent fevers since DNA diagnosis and effective therapies are available for many of them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen J Lachmann
- National Amyloidosis Centre and Centre for Acute Phase Proteins, Department of Medicine, University College London Medical School, Hampstead Campus, Rowland Hill Street, London NW32PF, UK.
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