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Guo W, Luo J, Zhao S, Li L, Xing W, Gao R. The critical role of RAGE in severe influenza infection: A target for control of inflammatory response in the disease. Clin Immunol 2024; 262:110178. [PMID: 38460892 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2024.110178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
Controlling the excessive inflammatory response is one of the key ways to reduce the severity and mortality of severe influenza virus infections. RAGE is involved in inflammatory responses and acute lung injuries. Here, we investigated the role of RAGE and its potential application as a target for severe influenza treatment through serological correlation analysis for influenza patients, and treatment with the RAGE inhibitor FPS-ZM1 on A549 cells or mice with influenza A (H1N1) infection. The results showed high levels of RAGE were correlated with immunopathological injury and severity of influenza, and FPS-ZM1 treatment increased the viability of A549 cells with influenza A infection and decreased morbidity and mortality of influenza A virus infection in mice. The RAGE/NF-κb inflammatory signaling pathway is a major targeting pathway for FPS-ZM1 treatment in severe influenza. These findings provide further insights into the immune injury of severe influenza and a potential targeting candidate for the disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Guo
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, Chinese National Influenza Center, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China; National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Junhao Luo
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, Chinese National Influenza Center, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Song Zhao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, Chinese National Influenza Center, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Li Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, Chinese National Influenza Center, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Wenge Xing
- National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
| | - Rongbao Gao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, Chinese National Influenza Center, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China.
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Harrison R, Mubareka S, Papenburg J, Schober T, Allen UD, Hatchette TF, Evans GA. AMMI Canada 2023 update on influenza: Management and emerging issues. JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION OF MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASE CANADA = JOURNAL OFFICIEL DE L'ASSOCIATION POUR LA MICROBIOLOGIE MEDICALE ET L'INFECTIOLOGIE CANADA 2023; 8:176-185. [PMID: 38058499 PMCID: PMC10697102 DOI: 10.3138/jammi-2023-07-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Robyn Harrison
- University of Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Samira Mubareka
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Molecular Diagnostics, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jesse Papenburg
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Montreal Children’s Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Montreal Children’s Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Upton D Allen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Todd F Hatchette
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Gerald A Evans
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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Metwally NH, Elgemeie GH, Fahmy FG. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Benzothiazolyl-pyridine Hybrids as New Antiviral Agents against H5N1 Bird Flu and SARS-COV-2 Viruses. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:36636-36654. [PMID: 37841136 PMCID: PMC10568744 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c01987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
A novel series of benzothiazolyl-pyridine hybrids 8a-h and 14a-e were produced from the reaction of enamine derivative 4 with each of the arylcyanoacetamides 5a-h and cyanoacetohydrazides 9a-e. The new products were characterized by spectral techniques (IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and MS). Biological evaluation of 8a-h and 14a-e in vitro against H5N1 and SARS-COV-2 viruses showed that several compounds had significant activity. Compounds 8f-h, which contain fluorine atoms, have better activity against H5N1 and anti-SARS-CoV-2 viruses than the other compounds included in this study. Compound 8h has a trifluoromethyl group at position-3 of the phenyl ring and exhibits a high activity against H5N1 virus with 93 and 60% inhibition at concentrations of 0.5 and 0.25 μmol/μL, respectively, among the tested compounds, and it also showed anti-SARS-CoV-2 virus with a half-maximum inhibition rate of 3.669 μM, among the remaining compounds. The mechanism of action of 8f-h, which is expected to be repurposed against COVID-19, was investigated. The results showed that the compounds have virucidal effects at different stages of the three mechanisms of action. Furthermore, compounds 8f-h were found to possess CoV-3CL protease inhibitory activities with IC50 values of 544.6, 868.2, and 240.6 μg/mL, respectively, compared to IC50 = 129.8 μg/mL of the standard drug lopinavir. Interestingly, compounds 8f-h also showed high inhibitory activity against the H5N1 virus as well as the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Moreover, compounds 8f-h fit admirably into the active site of the SARS-CoV-2 main protease (PDB ID: 6LU7) using the molecular docking Moe software 2015.10.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Fatma Gomaa Fahmy
- Chemistry
Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo 12613, Egypt
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Fosse JH, Andresen AMS, Ploss FB, Weli SC, Heffernan IA, Sapkota S, Lundgård K, Kuiper RV, Solhaug A, Falk K. The infectious salmon anemia virus esterase prunes erythrocyte surfaces in infected Atlantic salmon and exposes terminal sialic acids to lectin recognition. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1158077. [PMID: 37180109 PMCID: PMC10167051 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1158077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Many sialic acid-binding viruses express a receptor-destroying enzyme (RDE) that removes the virus-targeted receptor and limits viral interactions with the host cell surface. Despite a growing appreciation of how the viral RDE promotes viral fitness, little is known about its direct effects on the host. Infectious salmon anemia virus (ISAV) attaches to 4-O-acetylated sialic acids on Atlantic salmon epithelial, endothelial, and red blood cell surfaces. ISAV receptor binding and destruction are effectuated by the same molecule, the haemagglutinin esterase (HE). We recently discovered a global loss of vascular 4-O-acetylated sialic acids in ISAV-infected fish. The loss correlated with the expression of viral proteins, giving rise to the hypothesis that it was mediated by the HE. Here, we report that the ISAV receptor is also progressively lost from circulating erythrocytes in infected fish. Furthermore, salmon erythrocytes exposed to ISAV ex vivo lost their capacity to bind new ISAV particles. The loss of ISAV binding was not associated with receptor saturation. Moreover, upon loss of the ISAV receptor, erythrocyte surfaces became more available to the lectin wheat germ agglutinin, suggesting a potential to alter interactions with endogenous lectins of similar specificity. The pruning of erythrocyte surfaces was inhibited by an antibody that prevented ISAV attachment. Furthermore, recombinant HE, but not an esterase-silenced mutant, was sufficient to induce the observed surface modulation. This links the ISAV-induced erythrocyte modulation to the hydrolytic activity of the HE and shows that the observed effects are not mediated by endogenous esterases. Our findings are the first to directly link a viral RDE to extensive cell surface modulation in infected individuals. This raises the questions of whether other sialic acid-binding viruses that express RDEs affect host cells to a similar extent, and if such RDE-mediated cell surface modulation influences host biological functions with relevance to viral disease.
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AbuBakar U, Amrani L, Kamarulzaman FA, Karsani SA, Hassandarvish P, Khairat JE. Avian Influenza Virus Tropism in Humans. Viruses 2023; 15:833. [PMID: 37112812 PMCID: PMC10142937 DOI: 10.3390/v15040833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
An influenza pandemic happens when a novel influenza A virus is able to infect and transmit efficiently to a new, distinct host species. Although the exact timing of pandemics is uncertain, it is known that both viral and host factors play a role in their emergence. Species-specific interactions between the virus and the host cell determine the virus tropism, including binding and entering cells, replicating the viral RNA genome within the host cell nucleus, assembling, maturing and releasing the virus to neighboring cells, tissues or organs before transmitting it between individuals. The influenza A virus has a vast and antigenically varied reservoir. In wild aquatic birds, the infection is typically asymptomatic. Avian influenza virus (AIV) can cross into new species, and occasionally it can acquire the ability to transmit from human to human. A pandemic might occur if a new influenza virus acquires enough adaptive mutations to maintain transmission between people. This review highlights the key determinants AIV must achieve to initiate a human pandemic and describes how AIV mutates to establish tropism and stable human adaptation. Understanding the tropism of AIV may be crucial in preventing virus transmission in humans and may help the design of vaccines, antivirals and therapeutic agents against the virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umarqayum AbuBakar
- Institute of Biological Sciences (ISB), Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Lina Amrani
- Institute of Biological Sciences (ISB), Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Farah Ayuni Kamarulzaman
- Institute of Biological Sciences (ISB), Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Saiful Anuar Karsani
- Institute of Biological Sciences (ISB), Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Pouya Hassandarvish
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Center, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Jasmine Elanie Khairat
- Institute of Biological Sciences (ISB), Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
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Dutta AK, Gazi MS, Uddin SJ. A systemic review on medicinal plants and their bioactive constituents against avian influenza and further confirmation through in-silico analysis. Heliyon 2023; 9:e14386. [PMID: 36925514 PMCID: PMC10011005 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Avian influenza or more commonly known as bird flu is a widespread infectious disease in poultry. This review aims to accumulate information of different natural plant sources that can aid in combating this disease. Influenza virus (IV) is known for its ability to mutate and infect different species (including humans) and cause fatal consequences. Methods Total 33 plants and 4 natural compounds were identified and documented. Molecular docking was performed against the target viral protein neuraminidase (NA), with some plant based natural compounds and compared their results with standard drugs Oseltamivir and Zanamivir to obtain novel drug targets for influenza in chickens. Results It was seen that most extracts exhibit their action by interacting with viral hemagglutinin or neuraminidase and inhibit viral entry or release from the host cell. Some plants also interacted with the viral RNA replication or by reducing proinflammatory cytokines. Ethanol was mostly used for extraction. Among all the plants Theobroma cacao, Capparis Sinaica Veil, Androgarphis paniculate, Thallasodendron cillatum, Sinularia candidula, Larcifomes officinalis, Lenzites betulina, Datronia molis, Trametes gibbose exhibited their activity with least concentration (below 10 μg/ml). The dockings results showed that some natural compounds (5,7- dimethoxyflavone, Aloe emodin, Anthocyanins, Quercetin, Hemanthamine, Lyocrine, Terpenoid EA showed satisfactory binding affinity and binding specificity with viral neuraminidase compared to the synthetic drugs. Conclusion This review clusters up to date information of effective herbal plants to bolster future influenza treatment research in chickens. The in-silico analysis also suggests some potential targets for future drug development but these require more clinical analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashit Kumar Dutta
- Pharmacy Discipline, Life Science School, Khulna University, Khulna 9208, Bangladesh
| | - Md Shamim Gazi
- Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering Discipline, Life Science School, Khulna University, Khulna 9208, Bangladesh
| | - Shaikh Jamal Uddin
- Pharmacy Discipline, Life Science School, Khulna University, Khulna 9208, Bangladesh
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7
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Zhao J, Li Y, Chen R, Xu Y, Yang Q, Zhang H, Yin Z, Gu W, Hu J, Chen L, Li J, Ning G, Cheng Q, Zhou M, Qu J. Real-world experience of arbidol for Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2. J Thorac Dis 2023; 15:452-461. [PMID: 36910077 PMCID: PMC9992600 DOI: 10.21037/jtd-22-980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Background At a crucial time with the rapid spread of Omicron severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus variant globally, we conducted a study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of arbidol tablets in the treatment of this variant. Methods From Mar 26 to April 26, 2022, we conducted a prospective, open-labeled, controlled, and investigator-initiated trial involving adult patients with confirmed Omicron variant infection. Patients with asymptomatic or mild clinical status were stratified 1:2 to receive either standard-of-care (SOC) or SOC plus arbidol tablets (oral administration of 200 mg per time, three times a day for 5 days). The primary endpoint was the negative conversion rate within the first week. Results A total of 367 patients were enrolled in the study; 246 received arbidol tablet treatment, and 121 were in the control group. The negative conversion rate of SARS-CoV-2 within the first week in patients receiving arbidol tablets was significantly higher than that of the SOC group [47.2% (116/246) vs. 35.5% (43/121); odds ratio (OR), 1.619; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.034-2.535; P=0.035]. Compared to those in the SOC group, patients receiving arbidol tablets had a shorter negative conversion time [median 8.3 vs. 10.0 days; hazard ratio (HR), 0.645; 95% CI: 0.516-0.808; P<0.001], and a shorter duration of hospitalization (median 11.4 vs. 13.7 days; HR, 1.214; 95% CI: 0.966-1.526; P<0.001). Moreover, the addition of arbidol tablets led to better recovery of declined blood lymphocytes, CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ cell counts. The most common adverse event (AE) was transaminase elevation in patients treated with arbidol tablets (3/246, 1.2%). No one withdrew from the study due to AEs or disease progression. Conclusions As a whole, arbidol may represent an effective and safe treatment in asymptomatic-mild patients suffering from Omicron variant during the pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingya Zhao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Respiratory Disease, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Emergency Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Respiratory Infectious Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Respiratory Disease, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Emergency Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Respiratory Infectious Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Rong Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Respiratory Disease, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Emergency Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Respiratory Infectious Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanping Xu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Respiratory Disease, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Emergency Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Respiratory Infectious Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingyuan Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Respiratory Disease, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Emergency Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Respiratory Infectious Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Haiqing Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Respiratory Disease, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Emergency Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Respiratory Infectious Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhengxin Yin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiting Gu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinsong Hu
- Department of Traumatology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Li
- Clinical Research Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guang Ning
- Shanghai National Research Centre for Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, State Key Laboratory of Medicine Genomics, Shanghai Institute for Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qijian Cheng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Respiratory Disease, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Emergency Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Respiratory Infectious Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Respiratory Disease, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Emergency Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Respiratory Infectious Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Jieming Qu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Respiratory Disease, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Emergency Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Respiratory Infectious Disease, Shanghai, China
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8
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Chen H, Gao X, Zhao S, Bao C, Ming X, Qian Y, Zhou Y, Jung YS. Pirh2 restricts influenza A virus replication by modulating short-chain ubiquitination of its nucleoprotein. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22537. [PMID: 36070077 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202200473r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Influenza A viruses (IAVs) rely on viral ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) complexes to control transcription and replication. Each vRNP consists of one viral genomic RNA segment associated with multiple nucleoproteins (NP) and a trimeric IAV RNA polymerase complex. Previous studies showed that post-translational modifications of vRNP components, such as NP, by host factors would in turn affect the IAV life cycle or modulate host anti-viral response. In this study, we found host E3 ubiquitin ligase Pirh2 interacted with NP and mediated short-chain ubiquitination of NP at lysine 351, which suppressed NP-PB2 interaction and vRNP formation. In addition, we showed that knockdown of Pirh2 promoted IAV replication, whereas overexpression of Pirh2 inhibited IAV replication. However, Pirh2-ΔRING lacking E3 ligase activity failed to inhibit IAV infection. Moreover, we showed that Pirh2 had no effect on the replication of a rescued virus, WSN-K351R, carrying lysine-to-arginine substitution at residue 351. Interestingly, by analyzing human and avian IAVs from 2011 to 2020 in influenza research databases, we found that 99.18% of 26 977 human IAVs encode lysine, but 95.3% of 9956 avian IAVs encode arginine at residue 351 of NP protein. Consistently, knockdown of Pirh2 failed to promote propagation of two avian-like influenza viruses, H9N2-W1 and H9N2-C1, which naturally encode arginine at residue 351 of NP. Taken together, we demonstrated that Pirh2 is a host factor restricting IAV infection by modulating short-chain ubiquitination of NP. Meanwhile, it is noteworthy that residue 351 of NP targeted by Pirh2 may associate with the evasion of human anti-viral response against avian-like influenza viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Chen
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Jiangsu Foreign Expert Workshop, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoyu Gao
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Jiangsu Foreign Expert Workshop, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shiying Zhao
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Jiangsu Foreign Expert Workshop, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chenyi Bao
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Jiangsu Foreign Expert Workshop, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin Ming
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Jiangsu Foreign Expert Workshop, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yingjuan Qian
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Jiangsu Foreign Expert Workshop, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Agri-animal Husbandry Vocational College, Veterinary Bio-pharmaceutical, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High-Tech Research and Development of Veterinary Biopharmaceuticals, Taizhou, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.,Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Yong-Sam Jung
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Jiangsu Foreign Expert Workshop, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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Identifying Active Compounds and Mechanisms of Citrus changshan-Huyou Y. B. Chang against URTIs-Associated Inflammation by Network Pharmacology in Combination with Molecular Docking. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:2156157. [PMID: 35873643 PMCID: PMC9300271 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2156157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Purpose. The ripe fruits of Citrus changshan-huyou, known as Quzhou Fructus Aurantii (QFA), have been commonly used for respiratory diseases. The purpose of this study was to investigate their active compounds and demonstrate their mechanism in the treatment of upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) through network pharmacology and molecular docking. Methods. The prominent compounds of QFA were acquired from TCMSP database. Their targets were retrieved from SwissTargetPrediction database, and target genes associated with URTIs were collected from DisGeNET and GeneCards databases. The target protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed by using STRING database and Cytoscape. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) were enriched. Visual compound-target-pathway network was established with Cytoscape. The effects of compounds were verified on the inhibitory activities against phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks). Finally, the molecular docking was carried out to confirm the binding affinity of the bioactive compounds and target proteins. Results. Five important active compounds, naringenin (NAR), tangeretin (TAN), luteolin (LUT), hesperetin (HES), and auraptene (AUR), were obtained. The enrichment analysis demonstrated that the pathways associated with inflammation mainly contained PI3K/Akt signalling pathway, TNF signalling pathway, and so on. The most important targets covering inflammation-related proteins might be PI3Ks. In vitro assays and molecular docking exhibited that TAN, LUT, and AUR acted as PI3Kγ inhibitors. Conclusion. The results revealed that QFA could treat URTIs through a multi-compound, multi-target, multi-pathway network, in which TAN, LUT, and AUR acted as PI3Kγ inhibitors, probably contributing to a crucial role in treatment of URTIs.
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Motamedi Sedeh F, Khalili I, Wijewardana V, Unger H, Shawrang P, Behgar M, Moosavi SM, Arbabi A, Hosseini SM. Improved Whole Gamma Irradiated Avian Influenza Subtype H9N2 Virus Vaccine Using Trehalose and Optimization of Vaccination Regime on Broiler Chicken. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:907369. [PMID: 35903140 PMCID: PMC9315219 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.907369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Gamma (γ)-radiation can target viral genome replication and preserve viral structural proteins compared to formalin inactivation. Thus, a stronger immunity could be induced after the inoculation of the irradiated virus. In this study, γ-irradiated low-pathogenic avian influenza virus-H9N2 (LPAIV-H9N2) was used to immunize the broiler chicken in two formulations, including γ-irradiated LPAIV-H9N2 with 20% Trehalose intranasally (IVT.IN) or γ-irradiated LPAIV-H9N2 plus Montanide oil adjuvant ISA70 subcutaneously (IV+ISA.SC) in comparison with formalin-inactivated LPAIV-H9N2 vaccine intranasally (FV.IN) or formalin-inactivated LPAIV-H9N2 plus ISA70 subcutaneously (FV+ISA.SC). Two vaccination regimes were employed; the first one was primed on day 1 and boosted on day 15 (early regime), and the second one was primed on day 11 and boosted on day 25 (late regime). A challenge test was performed with a live homologous subtype virus. Virus shedding was monitored by quantifying the viral load via RT-qPCR on tracheal and cloacal swabs. Hemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibody titration and stimulation index (SI) of the splenic lymphocyte proliferation were measured, respectively, by HI test and Cell Proliferation assay. Cytokine assay was conducted by the RT-qPCR on antigen-stimulated spleen cells. The results of the HI test showed significant increases in antibody titer in all vaccinated groups, but it was more evident in the IVT late vaccination regime, reaching 5.33 log2. The proliferation of stimulated spleen lymphocytes was upregulated more in the IVT.IN vaccine compared to other vaccines. The mRNA transcription levels of T-helper type 1 cytokines such as interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and interleukin 2 (IL-2) were upregulated in all vaccinated groups at the late regime. Moreover, IL-6, a pro-inflammatory cytokine was upregulated as well. However, upregulation was more noticeable in the early vaccination than the late vaccination (p< 0.05). After the challenge, the monitoring of virus shedding for the H9 gene represented an extremely low viral load. The body weight loss was not significant (p > 0.05) among the vaccinated groups. In addition, the viral load of <100.5 TCID50/ml in the vaccinated chicken indicated the protective response for all the vaccines. Accordingly, the IVT vaccine is a good candidate for the immunization of broiler chicken via the intranasal route at late regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farahnaz Motamedi Sedeh
- Nuclear Agriculture Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute (NSTRI), Karaj, Iran
- *Correspondence: Farahnaz Motamedi Sedeh ;
| | - Iraj Khalili
- Quality Control Department, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute (RVSRI), Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - Viskam Wijewardana
- Animal Production and Health Section, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, Joint FAO/IAEA Centre of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), Vienna, Austria
| | - Hermann Unger
- Animal Production and Health Section, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, Joint FAO/IAEA Centre of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), Vienna, Austria
| | - Parvin Shawrang
- Nuclear Agriculture Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute (NSTRI), Karaj, Iran
| | - Mehdi Behgar
- Nuclear Agriculture Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute (NSTRI), Karaj, Iran
| | - Sayed Morteza Moosavi
- Nuclear Agriculture Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute (NSTRI), Karaj, Iran
| | - Arash Arbabi
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
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11
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Varela K, Brown JA, Lipton B, Dunn J, Stanek D, Behravesh CB, Chapman H, Conger TH, Vanover T, Edling T, Holzbauer S, Lennox AM, Lindquist S, Loerzel S, Mehlenbacher S, Mitchell M, Murphy M, Olsen CW, Yager CM. A Review of Zoonotic Disease Threats to Pet Owners: A Compendium of Measures to Prevent Zoonotic Diseases Associated with Non-Traditional Pets: Rodents and Other Small Mammals, Reptiles, Amphibians, Backyard Poultry, and Other Selected Animals. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2022; 22:303-360. [PMID: 35724316 PMCID: PMC9248330 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2022.0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kate Varela
- One Health Office, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jennifer A. Brown
- National Association of State Public Health Veterinarians
- Indiana Department of Health
| | - Beth Lipton
- National Association of State Public Health Veterinarians
- Seattle & King County Public Health
| | - John Dunn
- National Association of State Public Health Veterinarians
- Tennessee Department of Health
| | - Danielle Stanek
- National Association of State Public Health Veterinarians
- Florida Department of Health
| | | | - Helena Chapman
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine
- American Association for the Advancement of Science at NASA Applied Sciences
| | - Terry H. Conger
- U.S. Department of Agriculture Animal (USDA) and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) Veterinary Services
| | | | | | - Stacy Holzbauer
- Minnesota Department of Health
- CDC Preparedness and Response Career Epidemiology Field Officer Program
| | | | | | | | | | - Mark Mitchell
- Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Clinical Sciences
| | - Michael Murphy
- Food and Drug Administration Center for Veterinary Medicine
| | - Christopher W. Olsen
- AVMA Council on Public Health
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Veterinary Medicine
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12
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Abstract
Influenza viruses cause respiratory tract infections, which lead to human disease outbreaks and pandemics. Influenza A virus (IAV) circulates in diverse animal species, predominantly aquatic birds. This often results in the emergence of novel viral strains causing severe human disease upon zoonotic transmission. Innate immune sensing of the IAV infection promotes host cell death and inflammatory responses to confer antiviral host defense. Dysregulated respiratory epithelial cell death and excessive proinflammatory responses drive immunopathology in highly pathogenic influenza infections. Here, we discuss the critical mechanisms regulating IAV-induced cell death and proinflammatory responses. We further describe the essential role of the Z-form nucleic acid sensor ZBP1/DAI and RIPK3 in triggering apoptosis, necroptosis, and pyroptosis during IAV infection and their impact on host defense and pathogenicity in vivo. We also discuss the functional importance of ZBP1-RIPK3 signaling in recent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and other viral infections. Understanding these mechanisms of RNA virus-induced cytopathic and pathogenic inflammatory responses is crucial for targeting pathogenic lung infections and human respiratory illness.
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13
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Dorna J, Kaufmann A, Bockmann V, Raifer H, West J, Matrosovich M, Bauer S. Effects of Receptor Specificity and Conformational Stability of Influenza A Virus Hemagglutinin on Infection and Activation of Different Cell Types in Human PBMCs. Front Immunol 2022; 13:827760. [PMID: 35359920 PMCID: PMC8963867 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.827760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Humans can be infected by zoonotic avian, pandemic and seasonal influenza A viruses (IAVs), which differ by receptor specificity and conformational stability of their envelope glycoprotein hemagglutinin (HA). It was shown that receptor specificity of the HA determines the tropism of IAVs to human airway epithelial cells, the primary target of IAVs in humans. Less is known about potential effects of the HA properties on viral attachment, infection and activation of human immune cells. To address this question, we studied the infection of total human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and subpopulations of human PBMCs with well characterized recombinant IAVs differing by the HA and the neuraminidase (NA) but sharing all other viral proteins. Monocytes and all subpopulations of lymphocytes were significantly less susceptible to infection by IAVs with avian-like receptor specificity as compared to human-like IAVs, whereas plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) and myeloid dendritic cells were equally susceptible to IAVs with avian-like and human-like receptor specificity. This tropism correlated with the surface expression of 2-3-linked sialic acids (avian-type receptors) and 2-6-linked sialic acids (human-type receptors). Despite a reduced infectivity of avian-like IAVs for PBMCs, these viruses were not less efficient than human-like IAVs in terms of cell activation as judged by the induction of cellular mRNA of IFN-α, CCL5, RIG-I, and IL-6. Elevated levels of IFN-α mRNA were accompanied by elevated IFN-α protein secretion in primary human pDC. We found that high basal expression in monocytes of antiviral interferon-induced transmembrane protein 3 (IFITM3) limited viral infection in these cells. siRNA-mediated knockdown of IFITM3 in monocytes demonstrated that viral sensitivity to inhibition by IFITM3 correlated with the conformational stability of the HA. Our study provides new insights into the role of host- and strain-specific differences of HA in the interaction of IAVs with human immune cells and advances current understanding of the mechanisms of viral cell tropism, pathogenesis and markers of virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Dorna
- Institute for Immunology, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Kaufmann
- Institute for Immunology, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Viktoria Bockmann
- Institute for Immunology, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Hartmann Raifer
- Core Facility FACS, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Johanna West
- Institute of Virology, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Mikhail Matrosovich
- Institute of Virology, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- *Correspondence: Stefan Bauer, ; Mikhail Matrosovich,
| | - Stefan Bauer
- Institute for Immunology, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- *Correspondence: Stefan Bauer, ; Mikhail Matrosovich,
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14
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Warrier S, Mohana Sundaram S, Varier L, Balasubramanian A. Stalling SARS-CoV2 infection with stem cells: can regenerating perinatal tissue mesenchymal stem cells offer a multi-tiered therapeutic approach to COVID-19? Placenta 2021; 117:161-168. [PMID: 34915433 PMCID: PMC8647345 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2021.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of COVID-19 has created a major health crisis across the globe. Invasion of SARS-CoV-2 into the lungs causes acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) that result in the damage of lung alveolar epithelial cells. Currently, there is no standard treatment available to treat the disease and the resultant lung scarring is irreversible even after recovery. This has prompted researchers across the globe to focus on developing new therapeutics and vaccines for the treatment and prevention of COVID-19. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have emerged as an efficient drug screening platform and MSC-derived organoids has found applications in disease modeling and drug discovery. Perinatal tissue derived MSC based cell therapies have been explored in the treatment of various disease conditions including ARDS because of their enhanced regenerative and immunomodulatory properties. The multi-utility properties of MSCs have been described in this review wherein we discuss the potential use of MSC-derived lung organoids in screening of novel therapeutic compounds for COVID-19 and also in disease modeling to better understand the pathogenesis of the disease. This article also summarizes the rationale behind the development of MSC-based cell- and cell-free therapies and vaccines for COVID-19 with a focus on the current progress in this area. With the pandemic raging, an important necessity is to develop novel treatment strategies which will not only alleviate the disease symptoms but also avoid any off-target effects which could further increase post infection sequelae. Naturally occurring mesenchymal stem cells could be the magic bullet which fulfil these criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudha Warrier
- Division of Cancer Stem Cells and Cardiovascular Regeneration, Manipal Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Bangalore, 560 065, India; Cuor Stem Cellutions Pvt Ltd, Manipal Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Bangalore, 560 065, India.
| | - S Mohana Sundaram
- Division of Cancer Stem Cells and Cardiovascular Regeneration, Manipal Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Bangalore, 560 065, India
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15
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The Mechanism behind Influenza Virus Cytokine Storm. Viruses 2021; 13:v13071362. [PMID: 34372568 PMCID: PMC8310017 DOI: 10.3390/v13071362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza viruses are still a serious threat to human health. Cytokines are essential for cell-to-cell communication and viral clearance in the immune system, but excessive cytokines can cause serious immune pathology. Deaths caused by severe influenza are usually related to cytokine storms. The recent literature has described the mechanism behind the cytokine–storm network and how it can exacerbate host pathological damage. Biological factors such as sex, age, and obesity may cause biological differences between different individuals, which affects cytokine storms induced by the influenza virus. In this review, we summarize the mechanism behind influenza virus cytokine storms and the differences in cytokine storms of different ages and sexes, and in obesity.
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16
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Kim M, Park KH, Kim YB. Identifying Active Compounds and Targets of Fritillariae thunbergii against Influenza-Associated Inflammation by Network Pharmacology Analysis and Molecular Docking. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25173853. [PMID: 32854331 PMCID: PMC7504253 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25173853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Complications due to influenza are often associated with inflammation with excessive release of cytokines. The bulbs of Fritillariae thunbergii (FT) have been traditionally used to control airway inflammatory diseases, such as bronchitis and pneumonia. To elucidate active compounds, the targets, and underlying mechanisms of FT for the treatment of influenza-induced inflammation, systems biology was employed. Active compounds of FT were identified through the TCMSP database according to oral bioavailability (OB) and drug-likeness (DL) criteria. Other pharmacokinetic parameters, Caco-2 permeability (Caco-2), and drug half-life (HL) were also identified. Biological targets of FT were retrieved from DrugBank and STITCH databases, and target genes associated with influenza, lung, and spleen inflammation were collected from DisGeNET and NCBI databases. Compound-disease-target (C-D-T) networks were constructed and merged using Cytoscape. Target genes retrieved from the C-D-T network were further analyzed with GO enrichment and KEGG pathway analysis. In our network, GO and KEGG results yielded two compounds (beta-sitosterol (BS) and pelargonidin (PG)), targets (PTGS1 (COX-1) and PTGS2 (COX-2)), and pathways (nitric oxide, TNF) were involved in the inhibitory effects of FT on influenza-associated inflammation. We retrieved the binding affinity of each ligand-target, and found that PG and COX-1 showed the strongest binding affinity among four binding results using a molecular docking method. We identified the potential compounds and targets of FT against influenza and suggest that FT is an immunomodulatory therapy for influenza-associated inflammation.
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17
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Antanasijevic A, Durst MA, Cheng H, Gaisina IN, Perez JT, Manicassamy B, Rong L, Lavie A, Caffrey M. Structure of avian influenza hemagglutinin in complex with a small molecule entry inhibitor. Life Sci Alliance 2020; 3:3/8/e202000724. [PMID: 32611549 PMCID: PMC7335401 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202000724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The binding properties of fusion inhibitor CBS1117 to hemagglutinin by x-ray crystallography, NMR, and mutagenesis give insights into mechanism and guidance for chemical optimization. HA plays a critical role in influenza infection and, thus HA is a potential target for antivirals. Recently, our laboratories have described a novel fusion inhibitor, termed CBS1117, with EC50 ∼3 μM against group 1 HA. In this work, we characterize the binding properties of CBS1117 to avian H5 HA by x-ray crystallography, NMR, and mutagenesis. The x-ray structure of the complex shows that the compound binds near the HA fusion peptide, a region that plays a critical role in HA-mediated fusion. NMR studies demonstrate binding of CBS1117 to H5 HA in solution and show extensive hydrophobic contacts between the compound and HA surface. Mutagenesis studies further support the location of the compound binding site proximal to the HA fusion peptide and identify additional amino acids that are important to compound binding. Together, this work gives new insights into the CBS1117 mechanism of action and can be exploited to further optimize this compound and better understand the group specific activity of small-molecule inhibitors of HA-mediated entry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandar Antanasijevic
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Matthew A Durst
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Han Cheng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Jasmine T Perez
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Balaji Manicassamy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Lijun Rong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Arnon Lavie
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Michael Caffrey
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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18
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Ghabeshi S, Ebrahimie E, Salimi V, Ghanizadeh A, Khodakhah F, Yavarian J, Norouzbabaei Z, Sasani F, Rezaie F, Azad TM. Experimental direct-contact transmission of influenza A/H9N2 virus in the guinea pig model in Iran. Future Virol 2020. [DOI: 10.2217/fvl-2019-0141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Aim: The present study aims to evaluate risk factors for the transmission of A/H9N2 viruses in guinea pig model. Materials & methods: Lung tissue samples were collected from the chicken clinically infected with influenza A/H9N2 virus in 2018. Next, virus isolation and titration, as well as reverse transcription PCR were performed. Then, hemagglutnation and neuraminidase genes was sequenced to identify different positions (hotspots) involved in transmission and host adaptation. Results: Influenza A/H9N2 virus could replicate in low titers in the nasal turbinate and transmit from infected to noninfected guinea pigs. Conclusion: Hotspots on the surface glycoproteins had the potential to alter transmission properties in the new host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soad Ghabeshi
- Virology Department, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Esmaeil Ebrahimie
- School of Animal and VeterinarySciences, The University of Adelaide, South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
- Genomics Research Platform, Schoolof Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Vahid Salimi
- Virology Department, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arash Ghanizadeh
- Department of Biotechnology, Razi Vaccine & Serum Research Institute, Karaj, Alborz, Iran
| | - Farshad Khodakhah
- Virology Department, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jila Yavarian
- Virology Department, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Norouzbabaei
- Virology Department, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farhang Sasani
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farhad Rezaie
- Virology Department, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Talat Mokhtari Azad
- Virology Department, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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19
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Ding P, Jin Q, Chen X, Yang S, Guo J, Xing G, Deng R, Wang A, Zhang G. Nanovaccine Confers Dual Protection Against Influenza A Virus And Porcine Circovirus Type 2. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:7533-7548. [PMID: 31571862 PMCID: PMC6754344 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s218057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The influenza A virus (IAV) is known for its high variability and poses a huge threat to the health of humans and animals. Pigs play a central role in the cross-species reassortment of IAV. Ectodomain of matrix protein 2 (M2e) is the most conserved protective antigen in IAV and can be used to develop nanovaccines through nanoparticles displaying to increase its immunogenicity. However, the high immunogenicity of nanoparticles can cause the risk of off-target immune response, and excess unwanted antibodies may interfere with the protective efficacy of M2e-specific antibodies. Therefore, it is necessary to select reasonable nanoparticles to make full use of antibodies against nanoparticles while increasing the level of M2e-specific antibodies. Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is the most susceptible virus in pigs and can promote IAV infection. It is meaningful to develop a vaccine that can simultaneously control swine influenza virus (SIV) and PCV2. METHODS In the present study, M2e of different copy numbers were inserted into the capsid (Cap) protein of PCV2 and expressed in Escherichia coli to form self-assembled chimeric virus-like particles (VLPs) nanovaccine. BALB/c mice and pigs were immunized with these nanovaccines to explore optimal anti-IAV and anti-PCV2 immunity. RESULTS Cap is capable of carrying at least 81 amino acid residues (three copies of M2e) at its C-terminal without impairing VLPs formation. Cap-3M2e VLPs induced the highest levels of M2e-specific immune responses, conferring protection against lethal challenge of IAVs from different species and induced specific immune responses consistent with PCV2 commercial vaccines in mice. In addition, Cap-3M2e VLPs induced high levels of M2e-specific antibodies and PCV2-specific neutralizing antibodies in pigs. CONCLUSION Cap-3M2e VLP is an economical and promising bivalent nanovaccine, which provides dual protection against IAV and PCV2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiyang Ding
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou450002, People’s Republic of China
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou450002, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qianyue Jin
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou450002, People’s Republic of China
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou450001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinxin Chen
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou450002, People’s Republic of China
| | - Suzhen Yang
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou450002, People’s Republic of China
| | - Junqing Guo
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou450002, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guangxu Xing
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou450002, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruiguang Deng
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou450002, People’s Republic of China
| | - Aiping Wang
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou225009, People’s Republic of China
| | - Gaiping Zhang
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou450002, People’s Republic of China
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou450002, People’s Republic of China
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou450001, People’s Republic of China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou225009, People’s Republic of China
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20
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The Establishment and Validation of the Human U937 Cell Line as a Cellular Model to Screen Immunomodulatory Agents Regulating Cytokine Release Induced by Influenza Virus Infection. Virol Sin 2019; 34:648-661. [PMID: 31286365 PMCID: PMC6889097 DOI: 10.1007/s12250-019-00145-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe influenza infections are often associated with the excessive induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which is also referred to as "cytokine storms". Several studies have shown that cytokine storms are directly associated with influenza-induced fatal acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Due to the narrow administration window, current antiviral therapies are often inadequate. The efforts to use immunomodulatory agents alone or in combination with antiviral agents in the treatment of influenza in animal models have resulted in the achievement of protective effects accompanied with reduced cytokine production. Currently, there are no immunomodulatory drugs for influenza available for clinical use. Animal models, despite being ideal to study the anti-inflammatory responses to influenza virus infection, are very costly and time-consuming. Therefore, there is an urgent need to establish fast and economical screening methods using cell-based models to screen and develop novel immunomodulatory agents. In this study, we screened seven human cell lines and found that the human monocytic cell U937 supports the replication of different subtypes of influenza viruses as well as the production of the important pro-inflammatory cytokines and was selected to develop the cell-based model. The U937 cell model was validated by testing a panel of known antiviral and immunomodulatory agents and screening a drug library consisting of 1280 compounds comprised mostly of FDA-approved drugs. We demonstrated that the U937 cell model is robust and suitable for the high-throughput screening of immunomodulators and antivirals against influenza infection.
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21
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Profiling the TRB and IGH repertoire of patients with H5N6 Avian Influenza Virus Infection by high-throughput sequencing. Sci Rep 2019; 9:7429. [PMID: 31092835 PMCID: PMC6520366 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43648-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Avian Influenza A (H5N6) Virus causes severe influenza disease in humans and is manifested by acute respiratory distress syndrome, multi-organ failure, and high mortality rates. T cells recognize antigens specifically through a membrane protein T cell receptor (TCR). To ward off a wide variety of pathogens, the human adaptive immune system harbors a vast array of TCRs, which are collectively referred to as the TCR repertoire. The B cell receptor (BCR) is involved in inducing the humoral immune response. The generation of a diverse T cell and B cell repertoire is essential for protection against infection. In this study, multiplex PCR based on genomic DNA amplicons and Illumina high-throughput sequencing (HTS) were applied to study the characteristics and polymorphisms of the TRB and IGH repertoire in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from two H5N6 AIV patients and six healthy donors (NC). The CDR3 average length in the AIV group was different from the NC group. The TRBV12-3, TRBV12-4, and TRBV15 gene segments and TRBV30/TRBJ1-2, TRBV12-3/TRBJ1-1 and IGHV3-11/IGHJ6 gene segment pairings also exhibited a higher usage in the PBMCs of AIV donors and may provide more information for generating more effective T/B cell targeted diagnosis/protection strategies.
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22
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Lee JY, Abundo MEC, Lee CW. Herbal Medicines with Antiviral Activity Against the Influenza Virus, a Systematic Review. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2019; 46:1663-1700. [PMID: 30612461 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x18500854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The rapidly changing influenza virus has remained a consistent threat to the well-being of a variety of species on the planet. Influenza virus' high mutation rate has allowed the virus to rapidly and continuously evolve, as well as generate new strains that are resistant to the current commercially available antivirals. Thus, the increased resistance has compelled the scientific community to explore alternative compounds that have antiviral effects against influenza virus. In this paper, the authors systematically review numerous herbal extracts that were shown to have antiviral effects against the virus. Specifically, the herbal antiviral targets mainly include hemagglutinin, neuraminidase and matrix 2 proteins. In some instances, herbal extracts inhibited the replication of oseltamivir-resistant strains and certain pentacyclic triterpenes exhibited higher antiviral activity than oseltamivir. This paper also explores the possibility of targeting various host-cell signaling pathways that are utilized by the virus during its replication process. Infected cell pathways are hijacked by intracellular signaling cascades such as NF-kB signaling, PI3K/Akt pathway, MAPK pathway and PKC/PKR signaling cascades. Herbal antivirals have been shown to target these pathways by suppressing nuclear export of influenza vRNP and thus inhibiting the phosphorylation signaling cascade. In conclusion, copious amounts of herbal antivirals have been shown to inhibit influenza virus, however further studies are needed for these new compounds to be up to modern pharmacological standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Young Lee
- * Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,‡ Mom-Pyon Han Pharmacy, Nambusoonhwan-ro 770, Seosan City, Chungnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Michael Edward C Abundo
- * Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,† Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Chang-Won Lee
- * Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,† Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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23
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Practical Guidance for Clinical Microbiology Laboratories: Viruses Causing Acute Respiratory Tract Infections. Clin Microbiol Rev 2018; 32:32/1/e00042-18. [PMID: 30541871 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00042-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory viral infections are associated with a wide range of acute syndromes and infectious disease processes in children and adults worldwide. Many viruses are implicated in these infections, and these viruses are spread largely via respiratory means between humans but also occasionally from animals to humans. This article is an American Society for Microbiology (ASM)-sponsored Practical Guidance for Clinical Microbiology (PGCM) document identifying best practices for diagnosis and characterization of viruses that cause acute respiratory infections and replaces the most recent prior version of the ASM-sponsored Cumitech 21 document, Laboratory Diagnosis of Viral Respiratory Disease, published in 1986. The scope of the original document was quite broad, with an emphasis on clinical diagnosis of a wide variety of infectious agents and laboratory focus on antigen detection and viral culture. The new PGCM document is designed to be used by laboratorians in a wide variety of diagnostic and public health microbiology/virology laboratory settings worldwide. The article provides guidance to a rapidly changing field of diagnostics and outlines the epidemiology and clinical impact of acute respiratory viral infections, including preferred methods of specimen collection and current methods for diagnosis and characterization of viral pathogens causing acute respiratory tract infections. Compared to the case in 1986, molecular techniques are now the preferred diagnostic approaches for the detection of acute respiratory viruses, and they allow for automation, high-throughput workflows, and near-patient testing. These changes require quality assurance programs to prevent laboratory contamination as well as strong preanalytical screening approaches to utilize laboratory resources appropriately. Appropriate guidance from laboratorians to stakeholders will allow for appropriate specimen collection, as well as correct test ordering that will quickly identify highly transmissible emerging pathogens.
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Gramza-Michałowska A, Sidor A, Kulczyński B. Berries as a potential anti-influenza factor – A review. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.07.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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van de Wakker SI, Fischer MJ, Oosting RS. New drug-strategies to tackle viral-host interactions for the treatment of influenza virus infections. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 809:178-190. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Revised: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Evaluation of the Immune Responses to and Cross-Protective Efficacy of Eurasian H7 Avian Influenza Viruses. J Virol 2017; 91:JVI.02259-16. [PMID: 28331080 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02259-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to increasing concerns about human infection by various H7 influenza viruses, including recent H7N9 viruses, we evaluated the genetic relationships and cross-protective efficacies of three different Eurasian H7 avian influenza viruses. Phylogenic and molecular analyses revealed that recent Eurasian H7 viruses can be separated into two different lineages, with relatively high amino acid identities within groups (94.8 to 98.8%) and low amino acid identities between groups (90.3 to 92.6%). In vivo immunization with representatives of each group revealed that while group-specific cross-reactivity was induced, cross-reactive hemagglutination inhibition (HI) titers were approximately 4-fold lower against heterologous group viruses than against homologous group viruses. Moreover, the group I (RgW109/06) vaccine protected 100% of immunized mice from various group I viruses, while only 20 to 40% of immunized mice survived lethal challenge with heterologous group II viruses and exhibited high viral titers in the lung. Moreover, while the group II (RgW478/14) vaccine also protected mice from lethal challenge with group II viruses, it failed to elicit cross-protection against group I viruses. However, it is noteworthy that vaccination with RgAnhui1/13, a virus of a sublineage of group I, cross-protected immunized mice against lethal challenge with both group I and II viruses and significantly attenuated lung viral titers. Interestingly, immune sera from RgAnhui1/13-vaccinated mice showed a broad neutralizing spectrum rather than the group-specific pattern observed with the other viruses. These results suggest that the recent human-infective H7N9 strain may be a candidate broad cross-protective vaccine for Eurasian H7 viruses.IMPORTANCE Genetic and phylogenic analyses have demonstrated that the Eurasian H7 viruses can be separated into at least two different lineages, both of which contain human-infective fatal H7 viruses, including the recent novel H7N9 viruses isolated in China since 2013. Due to the increasing concerns regarding the global public health risk posed by H7 viruses, we evaluated the genetic relationships between Eurasian H7 avian influenza viruses and the cross-protective efficacies of three different H7 viruses: W109/06 (group I), W478/14 (group II), and Anhui1/13 (a sublineage of group I). While each vaccine induced group-specific antibody responses and cross-protective efficacy, only Anhui1/13 was able to cross-protect immunized hosts against lethal challenge across groups. In fact, the Anhui1/13 virus induced not only cross-protection but also broad serum neutralizing antibody responses against both groups of viruses. This suggests that Anhui1/13-like H7N9 viruses may be viable vaccine candidates for broad protection against Eurasian H7 viruses.
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The PA Endonuclease Inhibitor RO-7 Protects Mice from Lethal Challenge with Influenza A or B Viruses. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2017; 61:AAC.02460-16. [PMID: 28193653 PMCID: PMC5404582 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02460-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Current influenza treatment relies on a single class of antiviral drugs, the neuraminidase inhibitors (NAIs), raising concern over the potential emergence of resistant variants and necessitating the development of novel drugs. In recent years, investigational inhibitors targeting the endonuclease activity of the influenza acidic polymerase (PA) protein have yielded encouraging results, although there are only limited data on their in vivo efficacy. Here, we examined the antiviral potential of the PA endonuclease inhibitor RO-7 in prophylactic and therapeutic regimens in BALB/c mice inoculated with influenza A/California/04/2009 (H1N1)pdm09 or B/Brisbane/60/2008 viruses, which represent currently circulating antigenic variants. RO-7 was administered to mice intraperitoneally twice daily at dosages of 6, 15, or 30 mg/kg/day for 5 days, starting 4 h before or 24 or 48 h after virus inoculation, and showed no adverse effects. Prophylactic administration completely protected mice from lethal infection by influenza A or B virus. The level of therapeutic protection conferred depended upon the time of treatment initiation and RO-7 dosage, resulting in 60 to 100% and 80 to 100% survival with influenza A and B viruses, respectively. RO-7 treatment significantly decreased virus titers in the lung and lessened the extent and severity of lung damage. No PA endonuclease-inhibitor resistance was observed in viruses isolated from lungs of RO-7-treated mice, and the viruses remained susceptible to the drug at nanomolar concentrations in phenotypic assays. These in vivo efficacy results further highlight the potential of RO-7 for development as antiviral therapy for influenza A and B virus infections.
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Sun X, Zeng H, Kumar A, Belser JA, Maines TR, Tumpey TM. Constitutively Expressed IFITM3 Protein in Human Endothelial Cells Poses an Early Infection Block to Human Influenza Viruses. J Virol 2016; 90:11157-11167. [PMID: 27707929 PMCID: PMC5126373 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01254-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A role for pulmonary endothelial cells in the orchestration of cytokine production and leukocyte recruitment during influenza virus infection, leading to severe lung damage, has been recently identified. As the mechanistic pathway for this ability is not fully known, we extended previous studies on influenza virus tropism in cultured human pulmonary endothelial cells. We found that a subset of avian influenza viruses, including potentially pandemic H5N1, H7N9, and H9N2 viruses, could infect human pulmonary endothelial cells (HULEC) with high efficiency compared to human H1N1 or H3N2 viruses. In HULEC, human influenza viruses were capable of binding to host cellular receptors, becoming internalized and initiating hemifusion but failing to uncoat the viral nucleocapsid and to replicate in host nuclei. Unlike numerous cell types, including epithelial cells, we found that pulmonary endothelial cells constitutively express a high level of the restriction protein IFITM3 in endosomal compartments. IFITM3 knockdown by small interfering RNA (siRNA) could partially rescue H1N1 virus infection in HULEC, suggesting IFITM3 proteins were involved in blocking human influenza virus infection in endothelial cells. In contrast, selected avian influenza viruses were able to escape IFITM3 restriction in endothelial cells, possibly by fusing in early endosomes at higher pH or by other, unknown mechanisms. Collectively, our study demonstrates that the human pulmonary endothelium possesses intrinsic immunity to human influenza viruses, in part due to the constitutive expression of IFITM3 proteins. Notably, certain avian influenza viruses have evolved to escape this restriction, possibly contributing to virus-induced pneumonia and severe lung disease in humans. IMPORTANCE Avian influenza viruses, including H5N1 and H7N9, have been associated with severe respiratory disease and fatal outcomes in humans. Although acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and progressive pulmonary endothelial damage are known to be present during severe human infections, the role of pulmonary endothelial cells in the pathogenesis of avian influenza virus infections is largely unknown. By comparing human seasonal influenza strains to avian influenza viruses, we provide greater insight into the interaction of influenza virus with human pulmonary endothelial cells. We show that human influenza virus infection is blocked during the early stages of virus entry, which is likely due to the relatively high expression of the host antiviral factors IFITMs (interferon-induced transmembrane proteins) located in membrane-bound compartments inside cells. Overall, this study provides a mechanism by which human endothelial cells limit replication of human influenza virus strains, whereas avian influenza viruses overcome these restriction factors in this cell type.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Birds
- Cell Line
- Endosomes/chemistry
- Endosomes/immunology
- Endosomes/virology
- Endothelial Cells/immunology
- Endothelial Cells/virology
- Epithelial Cells/immunology
- Epithelial Cells/virology
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Host-Pathogen Interactions
- Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells/immunology
- Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells/virology
- Humans
- Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
- Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/growth & development
- Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/immunology
- Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype/growth & development
- Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype/immunology
- Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype/growth & development
- Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype/immunology
- Influenza A Virus, H7N9 Subtype/growth & development
- Influenza A Virus, H7N9 Subtype/immunology
- Influenza A Virus, H9N2 Subtype/growth & development
- Influenza A Virus, H9N2 Subtype/immunology
- Lung
- Membrane Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Membrane Proteins/genetics
- Membrane Proteins/immunology
- Organ Specificity
- RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
- RNA, Small Interfering/metabolism
- RNA-Binding Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- RNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- RNA-Binding Proteins/immunology
- Signal Transduction
- Species Specificity
- Virus Internalization
- Virus Replication/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangjie Sun
- Immunology and Pathogenesis Branch, Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Hui Zeng
- Immunology and Pathogenesis Branch, Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Amrita Kumar
- Immunology and Pathogenesis Branch, Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jessica A Belser
- Immunology and Pathogenesis Branch, Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Taronna R Maines
- Immunology and Pathogenesis Branch, Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Terrence M Tumpey
- Immunology and Pathogenesis Branch, Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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Shelby T, Banerjee T, Kallu J, Sulthana S, Zegar I, Santra S. Novel magnetic relaxation nanosensors: an unparalleled "spin" on influenza diagnosis. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:19605-19613. [PMID: 27778002 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr05889b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Rapid detection and diagnosis of pathogenic strains of influenza is necessary for expedited treatment and quicker resolutions to the ever-rising flu pandemics. Considering this, we propose the development of novel magnetic relaxation nanosensors (MRnS) for the rapid detection of influenza through targeted binding with hemagglutinin. 2,6- and 2,3-sialic acid ligands and entry blocker peptides are conjugated to iron oxide nanoparticles to create functional MRnS. Positive detection of various hemagglutinin variants (H1 and H5) is possible with protein concentrations as little as 1.0 nM. Most importantly, detection using functional MRnS is achieved within minutes and differentiates between influenza subtypes. This specificity allows mixtures of MRnS to screen for multiple pathogens at once, discarding the need to conduct multiple individual tests. Current methods used to diagnose influenza, such as RT-PCR and viral culturing, while largely effective, are complex, time-consuming and costly. As well, they are not as sensitive or specific, and have been known to produce false-positive results. In contrast to these methods, targeted MRnS are robust, point-of-care diagnostic tools featuring simple, rapid and low-cost procedures. These qualities, as well as high sensitivity and specificity, and low turnaround times, make a strong case for the diagnostic application of MRnS in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler Shelby
- Department of Chemistry and KPRC, Pittsburg State University, 1701 S. Broadway Street, Pittsburg, KS 66762, USA.
| | - Tuhina Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry and KPRC, Pittsburg State University, 1701 S. Broadway Street, Pittsburg, KS 66762, USA.
| | - Jyothi Kallu
- Department of Chemistry and KPRC, Pittsburg State University, 1701 S. Broadway Street, Pittsburg, KS 66762, USA.
| | - Shoukath Sulthana
- Department of Chemistry and KPRC, Pittsburg State University, 1701 S. Broadway Street, Pittsburg, KS 66762, USA.
| | - Irene Zegar
- Department of Chemistry and KPRC, Pittsburg State University, 1701 S. Broadway Street, Pittsburg, KS 66762, USA.
| | - Santimukul Santra
- Department of Chemistry and KPRC, Pittsburg State University, 1701 S. Broadway Street, Pittsburg, KS 66762, USA.
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Kim YI, Kim SW, Si YJ, Kwon HI, Park SJ, Kim EH, Kim SM, Lee IW, Song MS, Choi YK. Genetic diversity and pathogenic potential of low pathogenic H7 avian influenza viruses isolated from wild migratory birds in Korea. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2016; 45:268-284. [PMID: 27615552 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2016.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Revised: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
To detect the circulation of H7 avian influenza viruses, we characterized H7 viruses found in migratory birds and live poultry markets of South Korea from 2005 to 2014. Phylogenic analysis revealed that while all viruses clustered into the Eurasian-lineage of H7 avian viruses, at least 12 distinct genotypes were represented. Most H7 viruses contained at least one gene segment from the highly-pathogenic A/Sck/Hong Kong/YU100/02(H5N1)-like avian virus, and they could be separated into at least two antigenic groups. Although we did not detect genetically identical strains, HI assay demonstrated close cross-reactivity of some isolates with the H7N9 viruses from China. Animal studies revealed that most of the genotypes could replicate in the lungs of mice and chickens without prior adaptation and some, particularly H7N4 and H7N7 subtypes, induced mortality in mice. These results reinforce growing pandemic concerns regarding recent H7 viruses and emphasize the importance of continued surveillance of avian influenza viruses in the wild.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Il Kim
- College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, 12 Gaeshin-Dong Heungduk-Ku, Cheongju 361-763, Republic of Korea
| | - Si-Wook Kim
- College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, 12 Gaeshin-Dong Heungduk-Ku, Cheongju 361-763, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Jae Si
- College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, 12 Gaeshin-Dong Heungduk-Ku, Cheongju 361-763, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeok-Il Kwon
- College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, 12 Gaeshin-Dong Heungduk-Ku, Cheongju 361-763, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Jin Park
- College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, 12 Gaeshin-Dong Heungduk-Ku, Cheongju 361-763, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Ha Kim
- College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, 12 Gaeshin-Dong Heungduk-Ku, Cheongju 361-763, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Mi Kim
- College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, 12 Gaeshin-Dong Heungduk-Ku, Cheongju 361-763, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Won Lee
- College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, 12 Gaeshin-Dong Heungduk-Ku, Cheongju 361-763, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Suk Song
- College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, 12 Gaeshin-Dong Heungduk-Ku, Cheongju 361-763, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Ki Choi
- College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, 12 Gaeshin-Dong Heungduk-Ku, Cheongju 361-763, Republic of Korea.
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Liu Q, Zhou YH, Ye F, Yang ZQ. Antivirals for Respiratory Viral Infections: Problems and Prospects. Semin Respir Crit Care Med 2016; 37:640-6. [PMID: 27486742 PMCID: PMC7171711 DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1584803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In the past two decades, several newly emerging and reemerging viral respiratory pathogens including several influenza viruses (avian influenza and pandemic influenza), severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), have continued to challenge medical and public health systems. Thereafter, the development of cost-effective, broad-spectrum antiviral agents is the urgent mission of both virologists and pharmacologists. Current antiviral developments have focused targets on viral entry, replication, release, and intercellular pathways essential for viral life cycle. Here, we review the current literature on challenges and prospects in the development of these antivirals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Liu
- The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University/Yichang Central People's Hospital, Yichang, China
| | - Yuan-Hong Zhou
- The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University/Yichang Central People's Hospital, Yichang, China
| | - Feng Ye
- The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University/Yichang Central People's Hospital, Yichang, China
| | - Zhan-Qiu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Virology, School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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32
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Meliopoulos VA, Karlsson EA, Schultz-Cherry S. What can imaging tell us about influenza virus transmission and protection? Future Virol 2016. [DOI: 10.2217/fvl-2016-0062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of zoonotic influenza infections is a constant threat to public health. One of the major determinants of pandemic potential is the ability to transmit from animal to human and/or human to human via respiratory droplets. Understanding viral tropism and spread is crucial for predicting which viruses represent the most threatening to human health. Recently, a replication-competent influenza reporter virus was described that permitted in vivo imaging and visualization of infection in ferrets for the first time. This review will focus on the applications of luminescent reporter viruses toward understanding transmission of influenza viruses and development of therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria A Meliopoulos
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Erik A Karlsson
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Stacey Schultz-Cherry
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
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Distinct Host Tropism Protein Signatures to Identify Possible Zoonotic Influenza A Viruses. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0150173. [PMID: 26915079 PMCID: PMC4767729 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Zoonotic influenza A viruses constantly pose a health threat to humans as novel strains occasionally emerge from the avian population to cause human infections. Many past epidemic as well as pandemic strains have originated from avian species. While most viruses are restricted to their primary hosts, zoonotic strains can sometimes arise from mutations or reassortment, leading them to acquire the capability to escape host species barrier and successfully infect a new host. Phylogenetic analyses and genetic markers are useful in tracing the origins of zoonotic infections, but there are still no effective means to identify high risk strains prior to an outbreak. Here we show that distinct host tropism protein signatures can be used to identify possible zoonotic strains in avian species which have the potential to cause human infections. We have discovered that influenza A viruses can now be classified into avian, human, or zoonotic strains based on their host tropism protein signatures. Analysis of all influenza A viruses with complete proteome using the host tropism prediction system, based on machine learning classifications of avian and human viral proteins has uncovered distinct signatures of zoonotic strains as mosaics of avian and human viral proteins. This is in contrast with typical avian or human strains where they show mostly avian or human viral proteins in their signatures respectively. Moreover, we have found that zoonotic strains from the same influenza outbreaks carry similar host tropism protein signatures characteristic of a common ancestry. Our results demonstrate that the distinct host tropism protein signature in zoonotic strains may prove useful in influenza surveillance to rapidly identify potential high risk strains circulating in avian species, which may grant us the foresight in anticipating an impending influenza outbreak.
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Heidari A, Mancin M, Nili H, Pourghanbari GH, Lankarani KB, Leardini S, Cattoli G, Monne I, Piccirillo A. Serological evidence of H9N2 avian influenza virus exposure among poultry workers from Fars province of Iran. Virol J 2016; 13:16. [PMID: 26817813 PMCID: PMC4728806 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-016-0472-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Since the 1990s, influenza A viruses of the H9N2 subtype have been causing infections in the poultry population around the globe. This influenza subtype is widely circulating in poultry and human cases of AI H9N2 have been sporadically reported in countries where this virus is endemic in domestic birds. The wide circulation of H9N2 viruses throughout Europe and Asia along with their ability to cause direct infection in mammals and humans, raises public health concerns. H9N2 AI was reported for the first time in Iran in 1998 and at present it is endemic in poultry. This study was carried out to evaluate the exposure to H9N2 AI viruses among poultry workers from the Fars province. Methods 100 poultry workers and 100 healthy individuals with no professional exposure to poultry took part in this study. Serum samples were tested for antibodies against two distinct H9N2 avian influenza viruses, which showed different phylogenetic clustering and important molecular differences, such as at the amino acid (aa) position 226 (Q/L) (H3 numbering), using haemagglutination inhibition (HI) and microneutralization (MN) assays. Results Results showed that 17 % of the poultry workers were positive for the A/chicken/Iran/10VIR/854-5/2008 virus in MN test and 12 % in HI test using the titer ≥40 as positive cut-off value. Only 2 % of the poultry workers were positive for the A/chicken/Iran/12VIR/9630/1998 virus. Seroprevalence of non exposed individuals for both H9N2 strains was below 3 % by both tests. Statistical analyses models showed that exposure to poultry significantly increases the risk of infection with H9N2 virus. Conclusions The results have demonstrated that exposure to avian H9N2 viruses had occurred among poultry workers in the Fars province of Iran. Continuous surveillance programmes should be implemented to monitor the presence of avian influenza infections in humans and to evaluate their potential threat to poultry workers and public health. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12985-016-0472-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Heidari
- Research and Innovation Department, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, OIE/FAO and National Reference Laboratory for Newcastle Disease and Avian Influenza, OIE collaborating Center for Diseases at the Human-Animal Interface, Viale dell'Università 10, Legnaro, PD, 35020, Italy. .,Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Legnaro, PD, Italy.
| | - M Mancin
- Food safety department, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie (IZSVe), Viale dell'Università 10, Legnaro, PD, 35020, Italy.
| | - H Nili
- Avian Diseases Research Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - G H Pourghanbari
- Avian Diseases Research Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran. .,School of Veterinary Medicine, Ardakan University, Yazd, Iran.
| | - K B Lankarani
- Health Policy Research Center of Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - S Leardini
- Research and Innovation Department, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, OIE/FAO and National Reference Laboratory for Newcastle Disease and Avian Influenza, OIE collaborating Center for Diseases at the Human-Animal Interface, Viale dell'Università 10, Legnaro, PD, 35020, Italy.
| | - G Cattoli
- Research and Innovation Department, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, OIE/FAO and National Reference Laboratory for Newcastle Disease and Avian Influenza, OIE collaborating Center for Diseases at the Human-Animal Interface, Viale dell'Università 10, Legnaro, PD, 35020, Italy.
| | - I Monne
- Research and Innovation Department, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, OIE/FAO and National Reference Laboratory for Newcastle Disease and Avian Influenza, OIE collaborating Center for Diseases at the Human-Animal Interface, Viale dell'Università 10, Legnaro, PD, 35020, Italy.
| | - A Piccirillo
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Legnaro, PD, Italy.
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Liu Q, Zhou YH, Yang ZQ. The cytokine storm of severe influenza and development of immunomodulatory therapy. Cell Mol Immunol 2016; 13:3-10. [PMID: 26189369 PMCID: PMC4711683 DOI: 10.1038/cmi.2015.74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 481] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2015] [Revised: 06/28/2015] [Accepted: 06/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe influenza remains unusual in its virulence for humans. Complications or ultimately death arising from these infections are often associated with hyperinduction of proinflammatory cytokine production, which is also known as 'cytokine storm'. For this disease, it has been proposed that immunomodulatory therapy may improve the outcome, with or without the combination of antiviral agents. Here, we review the current literature on how various effectors of the immune system initiate the cytokine storm and exacerbate pathological damage in hosts. We also review some of the current immunomodulatory strategies for the treatment of cytokine storms in severe influenza, including corticosteroids, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor agonists, sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 agonists, cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors, antioxidants, anti-tumour-necrosis factor therapy, intravenous immunoglobulin therapy, statins, arbidol, herbs, and other potential therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Liu
- The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University/Yichang Central People's Hospital, Yichang 443000, China
| | - Yuan-hong Zhou
- The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University/Yichang Central People's Hospital, Yichang 443000, China
| | - Zhan-qiu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology/Institute of Medical Virology, School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
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Avian influenza A (H5N1) infection with respiratory failure and meningoencephalitis in a Canadian traveller. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES & MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY 2015; 26:221-3. [PMID: 26361492 PMCID: PMC4556185 DOI: 10.1155/2015/961080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Since 1997, more than 600 individuals worldwide have been infected with the poultry-originating influenza, H5N1. This report describes the first case of avian influenza A (H5N1) in the Western hemisphere in a 28-year-old woman who had just returned from a trip to Beijing, China. The typical manifestations of H5N1 are described, and signs and symptoms are discussed. In an urban centre in Alberta, an otherwise healthy 28-year-old woman presented to hospital with pleuritic chest and abdominal pain after returning from Beijing, China. After several days, this was followed by headache, confusion and, ultimately, respiratory failure, coma and death. Microbiology yielded influenza A subtype H5N1 from various body sites and neuroimaging was consistent with meningoencephalitis. While H5N1 infections in humans have been reported in Asia since 1997, this is the first documented case of H5N1 influenza in the Western Hemisphere. The present case demonstrated the typical manifestation of H5N1 influenza but, for the first time, also confirmed previous suggestions from human and animal studies that H5N1 is neurotropic and can manifest with neurological symptoms and meningoencephalitis.
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Mesenchymal Stromal Cells and Viral Infection. Stem Cells Int 2015; 2015:860950. [PMID: 26294919 PMCID: PMC4532961 DOI: 10.1155/2015/860950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Revised: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (MSCs) are a subset of nonhematopoietic adult stem cells, readily isolated from various tissues and easily culture-expanded ex vivo. Intensive studies of the immune modulation and tissue regeneration over the past few years have demonstrated the great potential of MSCs for the prevention and treatment of steroid-resistant acute graft-versus-host disease (GvHD), immune-related disorders, and viral diseases. In immunocompromised individuals, the immunomodulatory activities of MSCs have raised safety concerns regarding the greater risk of primary viral infection and viral reactivation, which is a major cause of mortality after allogeneic transplantation. Moreover, high susceptibilities of MSCs to viral infections in vitro could reflect the destructive outcomes that might impair the clinical efficacy of MSCs infusion. However, the interplay between MSCs and virus is like a double-edge sword, and it also provides beneficial effects such as allowing the proliferation and function of antiviral specific effector cells instead of suppressing them, serving as an ideal tool for study of viral pathogenesis, and protecting hosts against viral challenge by using the antimicrobial activity. Here, we therefore review favorable and unfavorable consequences of MSCs and virus interaction with the highlight of safety and efficacy for applying MSCs as cell therapy.
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Pathogenesis and Transmission of Novel Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5N2 and H5N8 Viruses in Ferrets and Mice. J Virol 2015. [PMID: 26223637 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01438-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED A novel highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N8 virus, first detected in January 2014 in poultry and wild birds in South Korea, has spread throughout Asia and Europe and caused outbreaks in Canada and the United States by the end of the year. The spread of H5N8 and the novel reassortant viruses, H5N2 and H5N1 (H5Nx), in domestic poultry across multiple states in the United States pose a potential public health risk. To evaluate the potential of cross-species infection, we determined the pathogenicity and transmissibility of two Asian-origin H5Nx viruses in mammalian animal models. The newly isolated H5N2 and H5N8 viruses were able to cause severe disease in mice only at high doses. Both viruses replicated efficiently in the upper and lower respiratory tracts of ferrets; however, the clinical symptoms were generally mild, and there was no evidence of systemic dissemination of virus to multiple organs. Moreover, these influenza H5Nx viruses lacked the ability to transmit between ferrets in a direct contact setting. We further assessed viral replication kinetics of the novel H5Nx viruses in a human bronchial epithelium cell line, Calu-3. Both H5Nx viruses replicated to a level comparable to a human seasonal H1N1 virus, but significantly lower than a virulent Asian-lineage H5N1 HPAI virus. Although the recently isolated H5N2 and H5N8 viruses displayed moderate pathogenicity in mammalian models, their ability to rapidly spread among avian species, reassort, and generate novel strains underscores the need for continued risk assessment in mammals. IMPORTANCE In 2015, highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5 viruses have caused outbreaks in domestic poultry in multiple U.S. states. The economic losses incurred with H5N8 and H5N2 subtype virus infection have raised serious concerns for the poultry industry and the general public due to the potential risk of human infection. This recent outbreak underscores the need to better understand the pathogenesis and transmission of these viruses in mammals, which is an essential component of pandemic risk assessment. This study demonstrates that the newly isolated H5N2 and H5N8 viruses lacked the ability to transmit between ferrets and exhibited low to moderate virulence in mammals. In human bronchial epithelial (Calu-3) cells, both H5N8 and H5N2 viruses replicated to a level comparable to a human seasonal virus, but significantly lower than a virulent Asian-lineage H5N1 (A/Thailand/16/2004) virus. The results of this study are important for the evaluation of public health risk.
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Expression of H5 hemagglutinin vaccine antigen in common duckweed (Lemna minor) protects against H5N1 high pathogenicity avian influenza virus challenge in immunized chickens. Vaccine 2015; 33:3456-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.05.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Revised: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Lu Y, Hardes K, Dahms SO, Böttcher-Friebertshäuser E, Steinmetzer T, Than ME, Klenk HD, Garten W. Peptidomimetic furin inhibitor MI-701 in combination with oseltamivir and ribavirin efficiently blocks propagation of highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses and delays high level oseltamivir resistance in MDCK cells. Antiviral Res 2015; 120:89-100. [PMID: 26022200 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2015.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Revised: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Antiviral medication is used for the treatment of severe influenza infections, of which the neuraminidase inhibitors (NAIs) are the most effective drugs, approved so far. Here, we investigated the antiviral efficacy of the peptidomimetic furin inhibitor MI-701 in combination with oseltamivir carboxylate and ribavirin against the infection of highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIV) that are activated by the host protease furin. Cell cultures infected with the strains A/Thailand/1(KAN-1)/2004 (H5N1) and A/FPV/Rostock/1934 (H7N1) were treated with each agent alone, or in double and triple combinations. MI-701 alone achieved a concentration-dependent reduction of virus propagation. Double treatment of MI-701 with oseltamivir carboxylate and triple combination with ribavirin showed synergistic inhibition and a pronounced delay of virus propagation. MI-701 resistant mutants were not observed. Emergence of NA mutation H275Y conferring high oseltamivir resistance was significantly delayed in the presence of MI-701. Our data indicate that combination with a potent furin inhibitor significantly enhances the therapeutic efficacy of conventional antivirals drugs against HPAIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghui Lu
- Institute of Virology, Philipps University, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 2, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Kornelia Hardes
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps University, Marbacher Weg 6-10, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Sven O Dahms
- Protein Crystallography Group, Leibniz Institute for Age Research - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Beutenbergstr. 11, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | | | - Torsten Steinmetzer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps University, Marbacher Weg 6-10, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Manuel E Than
- Protein Crystallography Group, Leibniz Institute for Age Research - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Beutenbergstr. 11, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Hans-Dieter Klenk
- Institute of Virology, Philipps University, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 2, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Garten
- Institute of Virology, Philipps University, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 2, 35043 Marburg, Germany.
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Abstract
Each year, influenza causes substantial mortality and morbidity worldwide. It is important to understand influenza in the tropics because of the significant burden in the region and its relevance to global influenza circulation. In this review, influenza burden, transmission dynamics, and their determinants in the tropics are discussed. Environmental, cultural, and social conditions in the tropics are very diverse and often differ from those of temperate regions. Theories that account for and predict influenza dynamics in temperate regions do not fully explain influenza epidemic patterns observed in the tropics. Routine surveillance and household studies have been useful in understanding influenza dynamics in the tropics, but these studies have been limited to only some regions; there is still a lack of information regarding influenza burden and transmission dynamics in many tropical countries. Further studies in the tropics will provide useful insight on many questions that remain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Ng
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | - Aubree Gordon
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
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Visualizing real-time influenza virus infection, transmission and protection in ferrets. Nat Commun 2015; 6:6378. [PMID: 25744559 PMCID: PMC4366512 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms7378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza transmission efficiency in ferrets is vital for risk-assessment studies. However, the inability to monitor viral infection and transmission dynamics in real time only provides a glimpse into transmissibility. Here we exploit a replication-competent influenza reporter virus to investigate dynamics of infection/transmission in ferrets. Bioluminescent imaging of ferrets infected with A/California/04/2009 H1N1 virus (CA/09) encoding NanoLuc (NLuc) luciferase provides the first real-time snapshot of influenza infection/transmission. Luminescence in the respiratory tract and in less well-characterized extra-pulmonary sites is observed, and imaging identifies infections in animals that would have otherwise been missed by traditional methods. Finally, the reporter virus significantly increases the speed and sensitivity of virological and serological assays. Thus, bioluminescent imaging of influenza infections rapidly determines intra-host dissemination, inter-host transmission and viral load, revealing infection dynamics and pandemic potential of the virus. These results have important implications for antiviral drug susceptibility, vaccine efficacy, transmissibility and pathogenicity studies. Ferrets are the main animal model used for research on influenza transmission. Here, the authors investigate the dynamics of infection and transmission in ferrets using a replication-competent influenza reporter virus and real-time bioluminescence imaging.
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Blaising J, Polyak SJ, Pécheur EI. Arbidol as a broad-spectrum antiviral: an update. Antiviral Res 2014; 107:84-94. [PMID: 24769245 PMCID: PMC7113885 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2014.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 291] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2013] [Revised: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Arbidol (ARB) is licensed in Russia and China for the treatment of influenza and other viral infections. ARB inhibits a large panel of viral pathogens, enveloped or not. ARB displays a dual binding activity to lipid membranes and to viral or cellular proteins. It blocks viral endocytosis and replication in membranous intracellular compartments.
Arbidol (ARB) is a Russian-made small indole-derivative molecule, licensed in Russia and China for prophylaxis and treatment of influenza and other respiratory viral infections. It also demonstrates inhibitory activity against other viruses, enveloped or not, responsible for emerging or globally prevalent infectious diseases such as hepatitis B and C, gastroenteritis, hemorrhagic fevers or encephalitis. In this review, we will explore the possibility and pertinence of ARB as a broad-spectrum antiviral, after a careful examination of its physico-chemical properties, pharmacokinetics, toxicity, and molecular mechanisms of action. Recent studies suggest that ARB’s dual interactions with membranes and aromatic amino acids in proteins may be central to its broad-spectrum antiviral activity. This could impact on the virus itself, and/or on cellular functions or critical steps in virus-cell interactions, thereby positioning ARB as both a direct-acting antiviral (DAA) and a host-targeting agent (HTA). In the context of recent studies in animals and humans, we will discuss the prospective clinical use of ARB in various viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Blaising
- CRCL, Inserm U1052, CNRS 5286, University of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Stephen J Polyak
- Dept of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Dept of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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Wu YL, Shen LW, Ding YP, Tanaka Y, Zhang W. Preliminary success in the characterization and management of a sudden breakout of a novel H7N9 influenza A virus. Int J Biol Sci 2014; 10:109-18. [PMID: 24520209 PMCID: PMC3920865 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.8198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2013] [Accepted: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza has always been one of the major threats to human health. The Spanish influenza in 1918, the pandemic influenza A/H1N1 in 2009, and the avian influenza A/H5N1 have brought about great disasters or losses to mankind. More recently, a novel avian influenza A/H7N9 broke out in China and until December 2, 2013, it had caused 139 cases of infection, including 45 deaths. Its risk and pandemic potential attract worldwide attention. In this article, we summarize epidemiology, virology characteristics, clinical symptoms, diagnosis methods, clinical treatment and preventive measures about the avian influenza A/H7N9 virus infection to provide a reference for a possible next wave of flu outbreak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ling Wu
- 1. Lab of Molecular Immunology, Virus Inspection Department, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 630 Xincheng Road, Hangzhou, 310051, PR China
| | - Li-Wen Shen
- 2. Lab of Chemical Biology and Molecular Drug Design, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, 310014, PR China
| | - Yan-Ping Ding
- 1. Lab of Molecular Immunology, Virus Inspection Department, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 630 Xincheng Road, Hangzhou, 310051, PR China
- 2. Lab of Chemical Biology and Molecular Drug Design, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, 310014, PR China
| | - Yoshimasa Tanaka
- 3. Center for Innovation in Immunoregulative Technology and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Wen Zhang
- 2. Lab of Chemical Biology and Molecular Drug Design, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, 310014, PR China
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