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Peterson BS, Li J, Trujillo M, Sawardekar S, Balyozian D, Bansal S, Sun BF, Marcelino C, Nanda A, Xu T, Amen D, Bansal R. A multi-site 99mTc-HMPAO SPECT study of cerebral blood flow in a community sample of patients with major depression. Transl Psychiatry 2024; 14:234. [PMID: 38830866 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-024-02961-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Prior regional Cerebral Blood Flow (rCBF) studies in Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) have been limited by small, highly selective, non-representative samples that have yielded variable and poorly replicated findings. The aim of this study was to compare rCBF measures in a large, more representative community sample of adults with MDD and healthy control participants. This is a cross-sectional, retrospective multi-site cohort study in which clinical data from 338 patients 18-65 years of age with a primary diagnosis of MDD were retrieved from a central database for 8 privately owned, private-pay outpatient psychiatric centers across the United States. Two 99mTc-HMPAO SPECT brain scans, one at rest and one during performance of a continuous performance task, were acquired as a routine component of their initial clinical evaluation. In total, 103 healthy controls, 18-65 years old and recruited from the community were also assessed and scanned. Depressed patients had significantly higher rCBF in frontal, anterior cingulate, and association cortices, and in basal ganglia, thalamus, and cerebellum, after accounting for significantly higher overall CBF. Depression severity associated positively with rCBF in the basal ganglia, hippocampus, cerebellum, and posterior white matter. Elevated rCBF was especially prominent in women and older patients. Elevated rCBF likely represents pathogenic hypermetabolism in MDD, with its magnitude in direct proportion to depression severity. It is brain-wide, with disproportionate increases in cortical and subcortical attentional networks. Hypermetabolism may be a reasonable target for novel therapeutics in MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley S Peterson
- Institute for the Developing Mind, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, Keck School of Medicine at the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Jennifer Li
- Institute for the Developing Mind, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Keck School of Medicine at the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Manuel Trujillo
- Department of Psychiatry at NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Amen Clinics Inc., Costa Mesa, CA, USA
| | - Siddhant Sawardekar
- Institute for the Developing Mind, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - David Balyozian
- Department of Psychiatry, Keck School of Medicine at the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Siddharth Bansal
- Institute for the Developing Mind, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Bernice F Sun
- Institute for the Developing Mind, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Courtney Marcelino
- Institute for the Developing Mind, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Anoop Nanda
- Institute for the Developing Mind, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tracy Xu
- Institute for the Developing Mind, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Ravi Bansal
- Institute for the Developing Mind, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Keck School of Medicine at the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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2
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Knudsen MH, Vestergaard MB, Lindberg U, Simonsen HJ, Frederiksen JL, Cramer SP, Larsson HB. Age-related decline in cerebral oxygen consumption in multiple sclerosis. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2024; 44:1039-1052. [PMID: 38190981 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x231224502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Cerebral oxygen metabolism is altered in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS), possibly a result of disease related cerebral atrophy with subsequent decreased oxygen demand. However, MS inflammation can also inhibit brain metabolism. Therefore, we measured cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO2) using MRI phase contrast mapping and susceptibility-based oximetry in 44 patients with early RRMS and 36 healthy controls. Cerebral atrophy and white matter lesion load were assessed from high-resolution structural MRI. Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) scores were collected from medical records. The CMRO2 was significantly lower in patients (-15%, p = 0.002) and decreased significantly with age in patients relative to the controls (-1.35 µmol/100 g/min/year, p = 0.036). The lower CMRO2 in RRMS was primarily driven by a higher venous oxygen saturation in the sagittal sinus (p = 0.007) and not a reduction in CBF (p = 0.69). There was no difference in cerebral atrophy between the groups, and no correlation between CMRO2 and MS lesion volume or EDSS score. Therefore, the progressive CMRO2 decline observed before the occurrence of significant cerebral atrophy and despite adequate CBF supports emerging evidence of dysfunctional cellular respiration as a potential pathogenic mechanism and therapeutic target in RRMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria H Knudsen
- Functional Imaging Unit, Dept. of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark
- Dept. of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Mark B Vestergaard
- Functional Imaging Unit, Dept. of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Ulrich Lindberg
- Functional Imaging Unit, Dept. of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Helle J Simonsen
- Functional Imaging Unit, Dept. of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Jette L Frederiksen
- Dept. of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark
- Danish Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Stig P Cramer
- Functional Imaging Unit, Dept. of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Henrik Bw Larsson
- Functional Imaging Unit, Dept. of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark
- Dept. of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark
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3
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Kouwenhoven M, Machado L. Age differences in inhibitory and working memory functioning: limited evidence of system interactions. NEUROPSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENT, AND COGNITION. SECTION B, AGING, NEUROPSYCHOLOGY AND COGNITION 2024; 31:524-555. [PMID: 37195032 DOI: 10.1080/13825585.2023.2214348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Debate persists regarding the nature of age-related deficits in inhibition, and whether inhibitory functioning depends on working memory systems. The current research aimed to measure age-related differences in inhibition and working memory, characterize the relationship between inhibitory functions and working memory performance, and determine how these relationships are affected by age. Toward these ends, we measured performance on a range of established paradigms in 60 young adults (18-30 years) and 60 older adults (60-88 years). Our findings support age-related increases in reflexive inhibition (based on the fixation offset effect and inhibition of return) and age-related decrements in volitional inhibition (based on several paradigms: antisaccade, Stroop, flanker, and Simon). This evidence of stronger reflexive inhibition combined with weaker volitional inhibition suggests that age-related deterioration of cortical structures may allow subcortical structures to operate less controlled. Regarding working memory, older adults had lower backward digit scores and lower forward and backward spatial scores. However, of the 32 analyses (16 in each age group) that tested for dependence of inhibitory functioning on working memory functioning, only one (in young adults) indicated that inhibition performance significantly depended on working memory performance. These results indicate that inhibition and working memory function largely independently in both age groups, and age-related working memory difficulties cannot account for age-related declines in inhibitory control.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Liana Machado
- Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Brain Research New Zealand, Auckland, New Zealand
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4
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Song J, Khanduja S, Rando H, Shi W, Hazel K, Pottanat GP, Jones E, Xu C, Hu Z, Lin D, Yasar S, Lu H, Cho SM, Jiang D. Brain Frontal-Lobe Misery Perfusion in COVID-19 ICU Survivors: An MRI Pilot Study. Brain Sci 2024; 14:94. [PMID: 38248309 PMCID: PMC10813864 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14010094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Post-acute COVID-19 syndrome (PCS) is highly prevalent. Critically ill patients requiring intensive care unit (ICU) admission are at a higher risk of developing PCS. The mechanisms underlying PCS are still under investigation and may involve microvascular damage in the brain. Cerebral misery perfusion, characterized by reduced cerebral blood flow (CBF) and elevated oxygen extraction fraction (OEF) in affected brain areas, has been demonstrated in cerebrovascular diseases such as carotid occlusion and stroke. This pilot study aimed to examine whether COVID-19 ICU survivors exhibited regional misery perfusion, indicating cerebral microvascular damage. In total, 7 COVID-19 ICU survivors (4 female, 20-77 years old) and 19 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (12 female, 22-77 years old) were studied. The average interval between ICU admission and the MRI scan was 118.6 ± 30.3 days. The regional OEF was measured using a recently developed technique, accelerated T2-relaxation-under-phase-contrast MRI, while the regional CBF was assessed using pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling. COVID-19 ICU survivors exhibited elevated OEF (β = 5.21 ± 2.48%, p = 0.047) and reduced relative CBF (β = -0.083 ± 0.025, p = 0.003) in the frontal lobe compared to healthy controls. In conclusion, misery perfusion was observed in the frontal lobe of COVID-19 ICU survivors, suggesting microvascular damage in this critical brain area for high-level cognitive functions that are known to manifest deficits in PCS. Physiological biomarkers such as OEF and CBF may provide new tools to improve the understanding and treatment of PCS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Song
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Engineering, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Shivalika Khanduja
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Hannah Rando
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Wen Shi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology & Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 N. Wolfe Street, Park 324, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Kaisha Hazel
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology & Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 N. Wolfe Street, Park 324, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - George Paul Pottanat
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology & Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 N. Wolfe Street, Park 324, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Ebony Jones
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology & Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 N. Wolfe Street, Park 324, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Cuimei Xu
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology & Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 N. Wolfe Street, Park 324, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Zhiyi Hu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology & Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 N. Wolfe Street, Park 324, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Doris Lin
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology & Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 N. Wolfe Street, Park 324, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Sevil Yasar
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Hanzhang Lu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology & Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 N. Wolfe Street, Park 324, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
- F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Research Institute, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Sung-Min Cho
- Department of Neurology, Neurosurgery, Surgery, Anesthesiology, and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Dengrong Jiang
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology & Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 N. Wolfe Street, Park 324, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
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5
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Shao X, Shou Q, Felix K, Ojogho B, Jiang X, Gold BT, Herting MM, Goldwaser EL, Kochunov P, Hong LE, Pappas I, Braskie M, Kim H, Cen S, Jann K, Wang DJJ. Age-Related Decline in BBB Function is More Pronounced in Males than Females. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.12.575463. [PMID: 38293052 PMCID: PMC10827081 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.12.575463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) plays a pivotal role in protecting the central nervous system (CNS), shielding it from potential harmful entities. A natural decline of BBB function with aging has been reported in both animal and human studies, which may contribute to cognitive decline and neurodegenerative disorders. Limited data also suggest that being female may be associated with protective effects on BBB function. Here we investigated age and sex-dependent trajectories of perfusion and BBB water exchange rate (kw) across the lifespan in 186 cognitively normal participants spanning the ages of 8 to 92 years old, using a novel non-invasive diffusion prepared pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling (DP-pCASL) MRI technique. We found that the pattern of BBB kw decline with aging varies across brain regions. Moreover, results from our novel DP-pCASL technique revealed a remarkable decline in BBB kw beginning in the early 60s, which was more pronounced in males. In addition, we observed sex differences in parietotemporal and hippocampal regions. Our findings provide in vivo results demonstrating sex differences in the decline of BBB function with aging, which may serve as a foundation for future investigations into perfusion and BBB function in neurodegenerative and other brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingfeng Shao
- USC Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California
| | - Qinyang Shou
- USC Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California
| | - Kimberly Felix
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California
| | - Brandon Ojogho
- USC Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California
| | - Xuejuan Jiang
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California
| | - Brian T. Gold
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky
| | - Megan M Herting
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California
| | - Eric L Goldwaser
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine
- Interventional Psychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medicine
| | - Peter Kochunov
- Louis A. Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
| | - L. Elliot Hong
- Louis A. Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
| | - Ioannis Pappas
- USC Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California
| | - Meredith Braskie
- USC Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California
| | - Hosung Kim
- USC Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California
| | - Steven Cen
- Department of Radiology and Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California
| | - Kay Jann
- USC Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California
| | - Danny JJ Wang
- USC Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California
- Department of Radiology and Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California
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6
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Fesharaki NJ, Taylor A, Mosby K, Kim JH, Ress D. Global effects of aging on the hemodynamic response function in the human brain. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3299293. [PMID: 37720046 PMCID: PMC10503846 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3299293/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
In functional magnetic resonance imaging, the hemodynamic response function (HRF) is a transient, stereotypical response to local changes in cerebral hemodynamics and oxygen metabolism due to briefly (< 4 s) evoked neural activity. Accordingly, the HRF is often used as an impulse response with the assumption of linearity in data analysis. In cognitive aging studies, it has been very common to interpret differences in brain activation as age-related changes in neural activity. Contrary to this assumption, however, evidence has accrued that normal aging may also significantly affect the vasculature, thereby affecting cerebral hemodynamics and metabolism, confounding interpretation of fMRI aging studies. In this study, use was made of a multisensory stimulus to evoke the HRF in ~ 87% of cerebral cortex in cognitively intact adults with ages ranging from 22-75 years. The stimulus evokes both positive and negative HRFs, which were characterized using model-free parameters in native-space coordinates. Results showed significant age trends in HRF parameter distributions in terms of both amplitudes (e.g., peak amplitude and CNR) and temporal dynamics (e.g., full-width-at-half-maximum). This work sets the stage for using HRF methods as a biomarker for age-related pathology.
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7
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Slart RHJA, Martinez-Lucio TS, Boersma HH, Borra RH, Cornelissen B, Dierckx RAJO, Dobrolinska M, Doorduin J, Erba PA, Glaudemans AWJM, Giacobbo BL, Luurtsema G, Noordzij W, van Sluis J, Tsoumpas C, Lammertsma AA. [ 15O]H 2O PET: Potential or Essential for Molecular Imaging? Semin Nucl Med 2023:S0001-2998(23)00070-3. [PMID: 37640631 DOI: 10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2023.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Imaging water pathways in the human body provides an excellent way of measuring accurately the blood flow directed to different organs. This makes it a powerful diagnostic tool for a wide range of diseases that are related to perfusion and oxygenation. Although water PET has a long history, its true potential has not made it into regular clinical practice. The article highlights the potential of water PET in molecular imaging and suggests its prospective role in becoming an essential tool for the 21st century precision medicine in different domains ranging from preclinical to clinical research and practice. The recent technical advances in high-sensitivity PET imaging can play a key accelerating role in empowering this technique, though there are still several challenges to overcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riemer H J A Slart
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Medical Imaging Center, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Biomedical Photonic Imaging, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands.
| | - T Samara Martinez-Lucio
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Medical Imaging Center, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hendrikus H Boersma
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Medical Imaging Center, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ronald H Borra
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Medical Imaging Center, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Bart Cornelissen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Medical Imaging Center, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Rudi A J O Dierckx
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Medical Imaging Center, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Magdalena Dobrolinska
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Medical Imaging Center, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Cardiology and Structural Heart Diseases, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Janine Doorduin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Medical Imaging Center, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Paola A Erba
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan Bicocca, and Nuclear Medicine Unit ASST Ospedale Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Andor W J M Glaudemans
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Medical Imaging Center, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Bruno Lima Giacobbo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Medical Imaging Center, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gert Luurtsema
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Medical Imaging Center, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Walter Noordzij
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Medical Imaging Center, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Joyce van Sluis
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Medical Imaging Center, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Charalampos Tsoumpas
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Medical Imaging Center, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Adriaan A Lammertsma
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Medical Imaging Center, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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8
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Tomoto T, Lu M, Khan AM, Liu J, Pasha EP, Tarumi T, Zhang R. Cerebral blood flow and cerebrovascular resistance across the adult lifespan: A multimodality approach. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2023; 43:962-976. [PMID: 36708213 PMCID: PMC10196748 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x231153741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral blood flow (CBF) decreases across the adult lifespan; however, more studies are needed to understand the underlying mechanisms. This study measured CBF and cerebrovascular resistance (CVR) using a multimodality approach in 185 healthy adults (21-80 years). Color-coded duplex ultrasonography and phase-contrast MRI were used to measure CBF, CBF velocity, and vessel diameters of the internal carotid (ICA) and vertebral arteries (VA). MRI arterial spin labeling was used to measure brain perfusion. Transcranial Doppler was used to measure CBF velocity at the middle cerebral artery. Structural MRI was used to measure brain volume. CBF was presented as total blood flow (mL/min) and normalized CBF (nCBF, mL/100g/min). Mean arterial pressure was measured to calculate CVR. Age was associated with decreased CBF by ∼3.5 mL/min/year and nCBF by ∼0.19 mL/100g/min/year across the methods. CVR increased by ∼0.011 mmHg/mL/100g/min/year. Blood flow velocities in ICA and VA decreased with age ranging from 0.07-0.15 cm/s/year, while the vessel diameters remained similar among age groups. These findings suggest that age-related decreases in CBF can be attributed mainly to decreases in blood flow velocity in the large cerebral arteries and that increased CVR likely reflects the presence of cerebral vasoconstrictions in the small cerebral arterioles and/or capillaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsubasa Tomoto
- Institute for Exercise and
Environmental Medicine, Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital Dallas, Dallas,
Texas, USA
- Human Informatics and Interaction
Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and
Technology, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Department of Neurology, University
of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Marilyn Lu
- Department of Neurology, University
of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Ayaz M Khan
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging,
St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Pharmacology,
Physiology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Evan P Pasha
- Institute for Exercise and
Environmental Medicine, Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital Dallas, Dallas,
Texas, USA
- Department of Neurology, University
of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Takashi Tarumi
- Institute for Exercise and
Environmental Medicine, Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital Dallas, Dallas,
Texas, USA
- Human Informatics and Interaction
Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and
Technology, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Department of Neurology, University
of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Graduate School of Comprehensive
Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Rong Zhang
- Institute for Exercise and
Environmental Medicine, Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital Dallas, Dallas,
Texas, USA
- Department of Neurology, University
of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine,
University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
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9
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Koch KU, Zhao X, Mikkelsen IK, Espelund US, Aanerud J, Rasmussen M, Meng L. Correlation Between Cerebral Tissue Oxygen Saturation and Oxygen Extraction Fraction During Anesthesia: Monitoring Cerebral Metabolic Demand-supply Balance During Vasopressor Administration. J Neurosurg Anesthesiol 2023; 35:238-242. [PMID: 34861671 DOI: 10.1097/ana.0000000000000822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The speculation that cerebral tissue oxygen saturation (SctO 2 ) measured using tissue near-infrared spectroscopy reflects the balance between cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen and cerebral oxygen delivery has not been validated. Our objective was to correlate SctO 2 with cerebral oxygen extraction fraction (OEF) measured using positron emission tomography; OEF is the ratio between cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen and cerebral oxygen delivery and reflects the balance between these 2 variables. MATERIALS AND METHODS This cohort study was based on data collected in a previously published trial assessing phenylephrine versus ephedrine treatment in anesthetized patients undergoing brain tumor surgery. The variables of interest were measured twice over the healthy hemisphere before surgery: the first measurement performed after anesthesia induction and the second measurement performed after induction of a ∼20% increase in blood pressure using either phenylephrine or ephedrine. RESULTS Data from 24 patients were analyzed. The overall vasopressor-induced relative changes in SctO 2 (ΔSctO 2 ) and OEF (ΔOEF) were 3.16% [interquartile range, -0.73% to 6.04%] and -12.5% [interquartile range, -24.0% to -6.19%], respectively. ΔSctO 2 negatively correlated with ΔOEF after phenylephrine treatment (Spearman rank correlation coefficient [ rs ]=-0.76; P =0.007), ephedrine treatment ( rs =-0.76; P =0.006), and any treatment ( rs =-0.79; P <0.001). ΔSctO 2 significantly associated with ΔOEF based on multivariable analysis with ΔOEF, relative changes in mean arterial pressure, arterial blood oxygen tension, and the bispectral index as covariates ( P =0.036). CONCLUSIONS The negative correlation between changes in SctO 2 and OEF suggests that SctO 2 may reflect the cerebral metabolic demand-supply balance during vasopressor treatment. The generalizability of our findings in other clinical scenarios remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus U Koch
- Department of Anesthesiology, Section of Neuroanesthesia
| | - Xu Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Irene K Mikkelsen
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus
| | - Ulrick S Espelund
- Department of Anesthesiology, Horsens Regional Hospital, Horsens, Denmark
| | - Joel Aanerud
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, Aarhus University Hospital
| | - Mads Rasmussen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Section of Neuroanesthesia
| | - Lingzhong Meng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
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10
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Jiang D, Liu P, Lin Z, Hazel K, Pottanat G, Lucke E, Moghekar A, Pillai JJ, Lu H. MRI assessment of cerebral oxygen extraction fraction in the medial temporal lobe. Neuroimage 2023; 266:119829. [PMID: 36565971 PMCID: PMC9878351 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The medial temporal lobe (MTL) is a key area implicated in many brain diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease. As a functional biomarker, the oxygen extraction fraction (OEF) of MTL may be more sensitive than structural atrophy of MTL, especially at the early stages of diseases. However, there is a lack of non-invasive techniques to measure MTL-OEF in humans. The goal of this work is to develop an MRI technique to assess MTL-OEF in a clinically practical time without using contrast agents. The proposed method measures venous oxygenation (Yv) in the basal veins of Rosenthal (BVs), which are the major draining veins of the MTL. MTL-OEF can then be estimated as the arterio-venous difference in oxygenation. We developed an MRI sequence, dubbed arterial-suppressed accelerated T2-relaxation-under-phase-contrast (AS-aTRUPC), to quantify the blood T2 of the BVs, which was then converted to Yv through a well-established calibration model. MTL-OEF was calculated as (Ya-Yv)/Ya × 100%, where Ya was the arterial oxygenation. The feasibility of AS-aTRUPC to quantify MTL-OEF was evaluated in 16 healthy adults. The sensitivity of AS-aTRUPC in detecting OEF changes was assessed by a caffeine ingestion (200 mg) challenge. For comparison, T2-relaxation-under-spin-tagging (TRUST) MRI, which is a widely used global OEF technique, was also acquired. The dependence of MTL-OEF on age was examined by including another seven healthy elderly subjects. The results showed that in healthy adults, MTL-OEF of the left and right hemispheres were correlated (P=0.005). MTL-OEF was measured to be 23.9±3.6% (mean±standard deviation) and was significantly lower (P<0.0001) than the OEF of 33.3±2.9% measured in superior sagittal sinus (SSS). After caffeine ingestion, there was an absolute percentage increase of 9.1±4.0% in MTL-OEF. Additionally, OEF in SSS measured with AS-aTRUPC showed a strong correlation with TRUST OEF (intra-class correlation coefficient=0.94 with 95% confidence interval [0.91, 0.96]), with no significant bias (P=0.12). MTL-OEF was found to increase with age (MTL-OEF=20.997+0.100 × age; P=0.02). In conclusion, AS-aTRUPC MRI provides non-invasive assessments of MTL-OEF and may facilitate future clinical applications of MTL-OEF as a disease biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dengrong Jiang
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology & Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.
| | - Peiying Liu
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology & Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Zixuan Lin
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology & Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Kaisha Hazel
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology & Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - George Pottanat
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology & Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Emma Lucke
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Arts & Sciences, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Abhay Moghekar
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Jay J Pillai
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology & Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States; Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Hanzhang Lu
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology & Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States; F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Research Institute, Baltimore, MD, United States
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11
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Lin Z, Lim C, Jiang D, Soldan A, Pettigrew C, Oishi K, Zhu Y, Moghekar A, Liu P, Albert M, Lu H. Longitudinal changes in brain oxygen extraction fraction (OEF) in older adults: Relationship to markers of vascular and Alzheimer's pathology. Alzheimers Dement 2023; 19:569-577. [PMID: 35791732 PMCID: PMC10838398 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Oxygen extraction fraction (OEF) reflects the balance between oxygen delivery and consumption. We longitudinally measured OEF in older adults to examine the relationship with markers of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vascular pathology. METHODS One hundred thirty-seven participants were studied at two time-points at an interval of 2.16 years. OEF was measured using T2 -relaxation-under-spin-tagging (TRUST) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The association between OEF and vascular risks, white matter hyperintensities (WMH), cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) measures of amyloid beta (Aβ), total tau (t-tau), and phosphorylated tau 181 (p-tau181) was examined. RESULTS OEF increased from baseline to follow-up. The increase in OEF was more prominent in individuals with high vascular risks compared to those with low vascular risks, and was associated with progression of vascular risks and the growth in WMH volume. OEF change was not related to CSF markers of AD pathology or their progression. DISCUSSION Longitudinal OEF change in older adults is primarily related to vascular pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixuan Lin
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology & Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Chantelle Lim
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology & Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Dengrong Jiang
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology & Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Anja Soldan
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Corinne Pettigrew
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kumiko Oishi
- Center for Imaging Science, Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Yuxin Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Abhay Moghekar
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Peiying Liu
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology & Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Marilyn Albert
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Hanzhang Lu
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology & Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- F.M. Kirby Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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12
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Cai C, Zambach SA, Grubb S, Tao L, He C, Lind BL, Thomsen KJ, Zhang X, Hald BO, Nielsen RM, Kim K, Devor A, Lønstrup M, Lauritzen MJ. Impaired dynamics of precapillary sphincters and pericytes at first-order capillaries predict reduced neurovascular function in the aging mouse brain. NATURE AGING 2023; 3:173-184. [PMID: 37118115 PMCID: PMC11081516 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-022-00354-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
The microvascular inflow tract, comprising the penetrating arterioles, precapillary sphincters and first-order capillaries, is the bottleneck for brain blood flow and energy supply. Exactly how aging alters the structure and function of the microvascular inflow tract remains unclear. By in vivo four-dimensional two-photon imaging, we reveal an age-dependent decrease in vaso-responsivity accompanied by a decrease in vessel density close to the arterioles and loss of vascular mural cell processes, although the number of mural cell somas and their alpha smooth muscle actin density were preserved. The age-related reduction in vascular reactivity was mostly pronounced at precapillary sphincters, highlighting their crucial role in capillary blood flow regulation. Mathematical modeling revealed impaired pressure and flow control in aged mice during vasoconstriction. Interventions that preserve dynamics of cerebral blood vessels may ameliorate age-related decreases in blood flow and prevent brain frailty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changsi Cai
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Stefan Andreas Zambach
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Søren Grubb
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lechan Tao
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen He
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Barbara Lykke Lind
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kirsten Joan Thomsen
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bjørn Olav Hald
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Reena Murmu Nielsen
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kayeon Kim
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anna Devor
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Micael Lønstrup
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Martin Johannes Lauritzen
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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13
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Hays Weeks CC, Zlatar ZZ, Meloy MJ, Shin DD, Thomas L, Wierenga CE. APOE Genotype Modifies the Association of Fusiform Gyrus Cerebral Metabolic Rate of Oxygen Consumption and Object Naming Performance. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 91:1371-1383. [PMID: 36641668 DOI: 10.3233/jad-220749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The apolipoprotein E (APOE) ɛ4 allele confers risk for age and Alzheimer's disease related cognitive decline but the mechanistic link remains poorly understood. Blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) response in the fusiform gyrus (FG) during object naming appears greater among APOEɛ4 carriers even in the face of equivalent cognitive performance, suggesting neural compensation. However, BOLD is susceptible to known age and APOE-related vascular changes that could confound its interpretation. OBJECTIVE To address this limitation, we used calibrated fMRI during an object naming task and a hypercapnic challenge to obtain a more direct measure of neural function - percent change cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen consumption (%ΔCMRO2). METHODS Participants were 45 older adults without dementia (28 ɛ4-, 17 ɛ4+) between the ages of 65 and 85. We examined APOE-related differences in %ΔCMRO2 in the FG during object naming and the extent to which APOE modified associations between FG %ΔCMRO2 and object naming accuracy. Exploratory analyses also tested the hypothesis that %ΔCMRO2 is less susceptible to vascular compromise than are measures of %ΔCBF and %ΔBOLD. RESULTS We observed a modifying role of APOE on associations between FG %ΔCMRO2 and cognition, with ɛ4 carriers (but not non-carriers) demonstrating a positive association between right FG %ΔCMRO2 and object naming accuracy. CONCLUSION Results suggest that the relationship between neural function and cognition is altered among older adult APOEɛ4 carriers prior to the onset of dementia, implicating CMRO2 response as a potential mechanism to support cognition in APOE-related AD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea C Hays Weeks
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - M J Meloy
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - Liu Thomas
- Department of Radiology, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Christina E Wierenga
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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14
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Cortical electrical activity changes in healthy aging using EEG-eLORETA analysis. NEUROIMAGE: REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ynirp.2022.100143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
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15
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Jiang D, Lu H. Cerebral oxygen extraction fraction MRI: Techniques and applications. Magn Reson Med 2022; 88:575-600. [PMID: 35510696 PMCID: PMC9233013 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The human brain constitutes 2% of the body's total mass but uses 20% of the oxygen. The rate of the brain's oxygen utilization can be derived from a knowledge of cerebral blood flow and the oxygen extraction fraction (OEF). Therefore, OEF is a key physiological parameter of the brain's function and metabolism. OEF has been suggested to be a useful biomarker in a number of brain diseases. With recent advances in MRI techniques, several MRI-based methods have been developed to measure OEF in the human brain. These MRI OEF techniques are based on the T2 of blood, the blood signal phase, the magnetic susceptibility of blood-containing voxels, the effect of deoxyhemoglobin on signal behavior in extravascular tissue, and the calibration of the BOLD signal using gas inhalation. Compared to 15 O PET, which is considered the "gold standard" for OEF measurement, MRI-based techniques are non-invasive, radiation-free, and are more widely available. This article provides a review of these emerging MRI-based OEF techniques. We first briefly introduce the role of OEF in brain oxygen homeostasis. We then review the methodological aspects of different categories of MRI OEF techniques, including their signal mechanisms, acquisition methods, and data analyses. The strengths and limitations of the techniques are discussed. Finally, we review key applications of these techniques in physiological and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dengrong Jiang
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology & Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Hanzhang Lu
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology & Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Research Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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16
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Gorshkova OP. Age-Related Changes in the Indices of Cerebral Blood Flow Velocity in Rats. J EVOL BIOCHEM PHYS+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022093022030231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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17
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Camacho-Morales A. Glycolytic metabolism supports microglia training during age-related neurodegeneration. Pharmacol Rep 2022; 74:818-831. [DOI: 10.1007/s43440-022-00363-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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18
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Robb WH, Khan OA, Ahmed HA, Li J, Moore EE, Cambronero FE, Pechman KR, Liu D, Gifford KA, Landman BA, Donahue MJ, Hohman TJ, Jefferson AL. Lower cerebral oxygen utilization is associated with Alzheimer's disease-related neurodegeneration and poorer cognitive performance among apolipoprotein E ε4 carriers. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2022; 42:642-655. [PMID: 34743630 PMCID: PMC9051148 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x211056393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Oxygen extraction fraction (OEF) and cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO2) are markers of cerebral oxygen homeostasis and metabolism that may offer insights into abnormal changes in brain aging. The present study cross-sectionally related OEF and CMRO2 to cognitive performance and structural neuroimaging variables among older adults (n = 246, 74 ± 7 years, 37% female) and tested whether apolipoprotein E (APOE)-ε4 status modified these associations. Main effects of OEF and CMRO2 were null (p-values >0.06), and OEF interactions with APOE-ε4 status on cognitive and structural imaging outcomes were null (p-values >0.06). However, CMRO2 interacted with APOE-ε4 status on language (p = 0.002), executive function (p = 0.03), visuospatial (p = 0.005), and episodic memory performances (p = 0.03), and on hippocampal (p = 0.006) and inferior lateral ventricle volumes (p = 0.02). In stratified analyses, lower oxygen metabolism related to worse language (p = 0.02) and episodic memory performance (p = 0.03) among APOE-ε4 carriers only. Associations between CMRO2 and cognitive performance were primarily driven by APOE-ε4 carriers with existing cognitive impairment. Congruence across language and episodic memory results as well as hippocampal and inferior lateral ventricle volume findings suggest that APOE-ε4 may interact with cerebral oxygen metabolism in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease and related neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Hudson Robb
- Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer's Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Omair A Khan
- Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer's Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Biostatistics, 12328Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Humza A Ahmed
- Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer's Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Judy Li
- Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer's Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Elizabeth E Moore
- Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer's Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Francis E Cambronero
- Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer's Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Kimberly R Pechman
- Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer's Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Dandan Liu
- Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer's Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Biostatistics, 12328Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Katherine A Gifford
- Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer's Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Neurology, 12328Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Bennett A Landman
- Department of Neurology, 12328Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, 5718Vanderbilt University, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 5718Vanderbilt University, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, 12328Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Manus J Donahue
- Department of Neurology, 12328Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, 12328Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Timothy J Hohman
- Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer's Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Neurology, 12328Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Angela L Jefferson
- Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer's Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Neurology, 12328Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Medicine, 12328Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
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19
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Seker FB, Fan Z, Gesierich B, Gaubert M, Sienel RI, Plesnila N. Neurovascular Reactivity in the Aging Mouse Brain Assessed by Laser Speckle Contrast Imaging and 2-Photon Microscopy: Quantification by an Investigator-Independent Analysis Tool. Front Neurol 2021; 12:745770. [PMID: 34858312 PMCID: PMC8631776 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.745770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The brain has a high energy demand but little to no energy stores. Therefore, proper brain function relies on the delivery of glucose and oxygen by the cerebral vasculature. The regulation of cerebral blood flow (CBF) occurs at the level of the cerebral capillaries and is driven by a fast and efficient crosstalk between neurons and vessels, a process termed neurovascular coupling (NVC). Experimentally NVC is mainly triggered by sensory stimulation and assessed by measuring either CBF by laser Doppler fluxmetry, laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI), intrinsic optical imaging, BOLD fMRI, near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) or functional ultrasound imaging (fUS). Since these techniques have relatively low spatial resolution, diameters of cerebral vessels are mainly assessed by 2-photon microscopy (2-PM). Results of studies on NVC rely on stable animal physiology, high-quality data acquisition, and unbiased data analysis, criteria, which are not easy to achieve. In the current study, we assessed NVC using two different imaging modalities, i.e., LSCI and 2-PM, and analyzed our data using an investigator-independent Matlab-based analysis tool, after manually defining the area of analysis in LSCI and vessels to measure in 2-PM. By investigating NVC in 6–8 weeks, 1-, and 2-year-old mice, we found that NVC was maximal in 1-year old mice and was significantly reduced in aged mice. These findings suggest that NVC is differently affected during the aging process. Most interestingly, specifically pial arterioles, seem to be distinctly affected by the aging. The main finding of our study is that the automated analysis tool works very efficiently in terms of time and accuracy. In fact, the tool reduces the analysis time of one animal from approximately 23 h to about 2 s while basically making no mistakes. In summary, we developed an experimental workflow, which allows us to reliably measure NVC with high spatial and temporal resolution in young and aged mice and to analyze these data in an investigator-independent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Burcu Seker
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Munich University Hospital and University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ziyu Fan
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Munich University Hospital and University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Benno Gesierich
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Munich University Hospital and University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Malo Gaubert
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Munich University Hospital and University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Rebecca Isabella Sienel
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Munich University Hospital and University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Nikolaus Plesnila
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Munich University Hospital and University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
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20
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Matei N, Leahy S, Blair NP, Shahidi M. Assessment of retinal oxygen metabolism, visual function, thickness and degeneration markers after variable ischemia/reperfusion in rats. Exp Eye Res 2021; 213:108838. [PMID: 34774489 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2021.108838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
After total retinal ischemia induced experimentally by ophthalmic vessel occlusion followed by reperfusion, studies have reported alterations in retinal oxygen metabolism (MO2), delivery (DO2), and extraction fraction (OEF), as well as visual dysfunction and cell loss. In the current study, under variable durations of ischemia/reperfusion, changes in these oxygen metrics, visual function, retinal thickness, and degeneration markers (gliosis and apoptosis) were assessed and related. Additionally, the prognostic value of MO2 for predicting visual function and retinal thickness outcomes was reported. Sixty-one rats were divided into 5 groups of ischemia duration (0 [sham], 60, 90, 120, or 180 min) and 2 reperfusion durations (1 h, 7 days). Phosphorescence lifetime and blood flow imaging, electroretinography, and optical coherence tomography were performed. MO2 reduction was related to visual dysfunction, retinal thinning, increased gliosis and apoptosis after 7-days reperfusion. Impairment in MO2 after 1-h reperfusion predicted visual function and retinal thickness outcomes after 7-days reperfusion. Since MO2 can be measured in humans, findings from analogous studies may find value in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathanael Matei
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Sophie Leahy
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Norman P Blair
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Mahnaz Shahidi
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
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21
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MacDonald ME, Pike GB. MRI of healthy brain aging: A review. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2021; 34:e4564. [PMID: 34096114 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We present a review of the characterization of healthy brain aging using MRI with an emphasis on morphology, lesions, and quantitative MR parameters. A scope review found 6612 articles encompassing the keywords "Brain Aging" and "Magnetic Resonance"; papers involving functional MRI or not involving imaging of healthy human brain aging were discarded, leaving 2246 articles. We first consider some of the biogerontological mechanisms of aging, and the consequences of aging in terms of cognition and onset of disease. Morphological changes with aging are reviewed for the whole brain, cerebral cortex, white matter, subcortical gray matter, and other individual structures. In general, volume and cortical thickness decline with age, beginning in mid-life. Prevalent silent lesions such as white matter hyperintensities, microbleeds, and lacunar infarcts are also observed with increasing frequency. The literature regarding quantitative MR parameter changes includes T1 , T2 , T2 *, magnetic susceptibility, spectroscopy, magnetization transfer, diffusion, and blood flow. We summarize the findings on how each of these parameters varies with aging. Finally, we examine how the aforementioned techniques have been used for age prediction. While relatively large in scope, we present a comprehensive review that should provide the reader with sound understanding of what MRI has been able to tell us about how the healthy brain ages.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ethan MacDonald
- Department of Electrical and Software Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Departments of Radiology and Clinical Neuroscience, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Healthy Brain Aging Laboratory, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - G Bruce Pike
- Departments of Radiology and Clinical Neuroscience, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Healthy Brain Aging Laboratory, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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22
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Graff BJ, Payne SJ, El-Bouri WK. The Ageing Brain: Investigating the Role of Age in Changes to the Human Cerebral Microvasculature With an in silico Model. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:632521. [PMID: 34421568 PMCID: PMC8374868 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.632521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Ageing causes extensive structural changes to the human cerebral microvasculature, which have a significant effect on capillary bed perfusion and oxygen transport. Current models of brain capillary networks in the literature focus on healthy adult brains and do not capture the effects of ageing, which is critical when studying neurodegenerative diseases. This study builds upon a statistically accurate model of the human cerebral microvasculature based on ex-vivo morphological data. This model is adapted for “healthy” ageing using in-vivo measurements from mice at three distinct age groups—young, middle-aged, and old. From this new model, blood and molecular exchange parameters are calculated such as permeability and surface-area-to-volume ratio, and compared across the three age groups. The ability to alter the model vessel-by-vessel is used to create a continuous gradient of ageing. It was found that surface-area-to-volume ratio reduced in old age by 6% and permeability by 24% from middle-age to old age, and variability within the networks also increased with age. The ageing gradient indicated a threshold in the ageing process around 75 years old, after which small changes have an amplified effect on blood flow properties. This gradient enables comparison of studies measuring cerebral properties at discrete points in time. The response of middle aged and old aged capillary beds to micro-emboli showed a lower robustness of the old age capillary bed to vessel occlusion. As the brain ages, there is thus increased vulnerability of the microvasculature—with a “tipping point” beyond which further remodeling of the microvasculature has exaggerated effects on the brain. When developing in-silico models of the brain, age is a very important consideration to accurately assess risk factors for cognitive decline and isolate early biomarkers of microvascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barnaby J Graff
- Department of Engineering Science, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen J Payne
- Department of Engineering Science, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Wahbi K El-Bouri
- Department of Engineering Science, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Liverpool & Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom.,Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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23
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Zimmerman B, Rypma B, Gratton G, Fabiani M. Age-related changes in cerebrovascular health and their effects on neural function and cognition: A comprehensive review. Psychophysiology 2021; 58:e13796. [PMID: 33728712 PMCID: PMC8244108 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The process of aging includes changes in cellular biology that affect local interactions between cells and their environments and eventually propagate to systemic levels. In the brain, where neurons critically depend on an efficient and dynamic supply of oxygen and glucose, age-related changes in the complex interaction between the brain parenchyma and the cerebrovasculature have effects on health and functioning that negatively impact cognition and play a role in pathology. Thus, cerebrovascular health is considered one of the main mechanisms by which a healthy lifestyle, such as habitual cardiorespiratory exercise and a healthful diet, could lead to improved cognitive outcomes with aging. This review aims at detailing how the physiology of the cerebral vascular system changes with age and how these changes lead to differential trajectories of cognitive maintenance or decline. This provides a framework for generating specific mechanistic hypotheses about the efficacy of proposed interventions and lifestyle covariates that contribute to enhanced cognitive well-being. Finally, we discuss the methodological implications of age-related changes in the cerebral vasculature for human cognitive neuroscience research and propose directions for future experiments aimed at investigating age-related changes in the relationship between physiology and cognitive mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Zimmerman
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Bart Rypma
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Gabriele Gratton
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Monica Fabiani
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
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24
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Zhao Y, Liu P, Turner MP, Abdelkarim D, Lu H, Rypma B. The neural-vascular basis of age-related processing speed decline. Psychophysiology 2021; 58:e13845. [PMID: 34115388 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Most studies examining neurocognitive aging are based on the blood-oxygen level-dependent signal obtained during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). The physiological basis of this signal is neural-vascular coupling, the process by which neurons signal cerebrovasculature to dilate in response to an increase in active neural metabolism due to stimulation. These fMRI studies of aging rely on the hemodynamic equivalence assumption that this process is not disrupted by physiologic deterioration associated with aging. Studies of neural-vascular coupling challenge this assumption and show that neural-vascular coupling is closely related to cognition. In this review, we put forward a theory of processing speed decline in aging and how it is related to age-related neural-vascular coupling changes based on the results of studies elucidating the relationships between cognition, cerebrovascular dynamics, and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuguang Zhao
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, Center for Brain Health, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Peiying Liu
- School of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Monroe P Turner
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, Center for Brain Health, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Dema Abdelkarim
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, Center for Brain Health, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Hanzhang Lu
- School of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Bart Rypma
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, Center for Brain Health, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
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25
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Mosconi L, Berti V, Dyke J, Schelbaum E, Jett S, Loughlin L, Jang G, Rahman A, Hristov H, Pahlajani S, Andrews R, Matthews D, Etingin O, Ganzer C, de Leon M, Isaacson R, Brinton RD. Menopause impacts human brain structure, connectivity, energy metabolism, and amyloid-beta deposition. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10867. [PMID: 34108509 PMCID: PMC8190071 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90084-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
All women undergo the menopause transition (MT), a neuro-endocrinological process that impacts aging trajectories of multiple organ systems including brain. The MT occurs over time and is characterized by clinically defined stages with specific neurological symptoms. Yet, little is known of how this process impacts the human brain. This multi-modality neuroimaging study indicates substantial differences in brain structure, connectivity, and energy metabolism across MT stages (pre-menopause, peri-menopause, and post-menopause). These effects involved brain regions subserving higher-order cognitive processes and were specific to menopausal endocrine aging rather than chronological aging, as determined by comparison to age-matched males. Brain biomarkers largely stabilized post-menopause, and gray matter volume (GMV) recovered in key brain regions for cognitive aging. Notably, GMV recovery and in vivo brain mitochondria ATP production correlated with preservation of cognitive performance post-menopause, suggesting adaptive compensatory processes. In parallel to the adaptive process, amyloid-β deposition was more pronounced in peri-menopausal and post-menopausal women carrying apolipoprotein E-4 (APOE-4) genotype, the major genetic risk factor for late-onset Alzheimer's disease, relative to genotype-matched males. These data show that human menopause is a dynamic neurological transition that significantly impacts brain structure, connectivity, and metabolic profile during midlife endocrine aging of the female brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Mosconi
- Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 420 East 70th, LH-404, New York, NY, 10021, USA.
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Valentina Berti
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Jonathan Dyke
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eva Schelbaum
- Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 420 East 70th, LH-404, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Steven Jett
- Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 420 East 70th, LH-404, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Lacey Loughlin
- Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 420 East 70th, LH-404, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Grace Jang
- Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 420 East 70th, LH-404, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Aneela Rahman
- Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 420 East 70th, LH-404, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Hollie Hristov
- Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 420 East 70th, LH-404, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Silky Pahlajani
- Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 420 East 70th, LH-404, New York, NY, 10021, USA
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Orli Etingin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Christine Ganzer
- Hunter-Bellevue School of Nursing, Hunter College, CUNY, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mony de Leon
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Richard Isaacson
- Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 420 East 70th, LH-404, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Roberta Diaz Brinton
- Departments of Pharmacology and Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
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26
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Baligand C, Barret O, Tourais A, Pérot JB, Thenadey D, Petit F, Liot G, Gaillard MC, Flament J, Dhenain M, Valette J. Zero Echo Time 17O-MRI Reveals Decreased Cerebral Metabolic Rate of Oxygen Consumption in a Murine Model of Amyloidosis. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11050263. [PMID: 33922384 PMCID: PMC8145383 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11050263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen consumption (CMRO2) is a key metric to investigate the mechanisms involved in neurodegeneration in animal models and evaluate potential new therapies. CMRO2 can be measured by direct 17O magnetic resonance imaging (17O-MRI) of H217O signal changes during inhalation of 17O-labeled oxygen gas. In this study, we built a simple gas distribution system and used 3D zero echo time (ZTE-)MRI at 11.7 T to measure CMRO2 in the APPswe/PS1dE9 mouse model of amyloidosis. We found that CMRO2 was significantly lower in the APPswe/PS1dE9 brain than in wild-type at 12-14 months. We also estimated cerebral blood flow (CBF) from the post-inhalation washout curve and found no difference between groups. These results suggest that the lower CMRO2 observed in APPswe/PS1dE9 is likely due to metabolism impairment rather than to reduced blood flow. Analysis of the 17O-MRI data using different quantification models (linear and 3-phase model) showed that the choice of the model does not affect group comparison results. However, the simplified linear model significantly underestimated the absolute CMRO2 values compared to a 3-phase model. This may become of importance when combining several metabolic fluxes measurements to study neuro-metabolic coupling.
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27
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Henriksen OM, Gjedde A, Vang K, Law I, Aanerud J, Rostrup E. Regional and interindividual relationships between cerebral perfusion and oxygen metabolism. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2021; 130:1836-1847. [PMID: 33830816 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00939.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantitative measurements of resting cerebral blood flow (CBF) and metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO2) show large between-subject and regional variability, but the relationships between CBF and CMRO2 measurements regionally and globally are not fully established. Here, we investigated the between-subject and regional associations between CBF and CMRO2 measures with independent and quantitative PET techniques. We included resting CBF and CMRO2 measurements from 50 healthy volunteers (aged 22-81 yr), and calculated the regional and global values of oxygen delivery (Do2) and oxygen extraction fraction (OEF). Linear mixed-model analysis showed that CBF and CMRO2 measurements were closely associated regionally, but no significant between-subject association could be demonstrated, even when adjusting for arterial Pco2 and hemoglobin concentration. The analysis also showed regional differences of OEF, reflecting variable relationship between Do2 and CMRO2, resulting in lower estimates of OEF in thalami, brainstem, and mesial temporal cortices and higher estimates of OEF in occipital cortex. In the present study, we demonstrated no between-subject association of quantitative measurements of CBF and CMRO2 in healthy subjects. Thus, quantitative measurements of CBF did not reflect the underlying between-subject variability of oxygen metabolism measures, mainly because of large interindividual OEF variability not accounted for by Pco2 and hemoglobin concentration.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Using quantitative PET-measurements in healthy human subjects, we confirmed a regional association of CBF and CMRO2, but did not find an association of these values across subjects. This suggests that subjects have an individual coupling between perfusion and metabolism and shows that absolute perfusion measurements does not serve as a surrogate measure of individual measures of oxygen metabolism. The analysis further showed smaller, but significant regional differences of oxygen extraction fraction at rest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Otto M Henriksen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Albert Gjedde
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Aarhus University and University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Centre, Aarhus University and University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Kim Vang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Centre, Aarhus University and University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ian Law
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Joel Aanerud
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Centre, Aarhus University and University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Egill Rostrup
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Mental Health Center Glostrup, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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28
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McFadden JJ, Matthews JC, Scott LA, Parker GJM, Lohézic M, Parkes LM. Optimization of quantitative susceptibility mapping for regional estimation of oxygen extraction fraction in the brain. Magn Reson Med 2021; 86:1314-1329. [PMID: 33780045 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.28789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We sought to determine the degree to which oxygen extraction fraction (OEF) estimated using quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) depends on two critical acquisition parameters that have a significant impact on acquisition time: voxel size and final echo time. METHODS Four healthy volunteers were imaged using a range of isotropic voxel sizes and final echo times. The 0.7 mm data were downsampled at different stages of QSM processing by a factor of 2 (to 1.4 mm), 3 (2.1 mm), or 4 (2.8 mm) to determine the impact of voxel size on each analysis step. OEF was estimated from 11 veins of varying diameter. Inter- and intra-session repeatability were estimated for the optimal protocol by repeat scanning in 10 participants. RESULTS Final echo time was found to have no significant effect on OEF. The effect of voxel size was significant, with larger voxel sizes underestimating OEF, depending on the proximity of the vein to the superficial surface of the brain and on vein diameter. The last analysis step of estimating vein OEF values from susceptibility images had the largest dependency on voxel size. Inter-session coefficients of variation on OEF estimates of between 5.2% and 8.7% are reported, depending on the vein. CONCLUSION QSM acquisition times can be minimized by reducing the final echo time but an isotropic voxel size no larger than 1 mm is needed to accurately estimate OEF in most medium/large veins in the brain. Such acquisitions can be achieved in under 4 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- John J McFadden
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Julian C Matthews
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Lauren A Scott
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Geoff J M Parker
- Bioxydyn Limited, Manchester, United Kingdom.,Centre for Medical Image Computing, Department of Computer Science and Department of Neuroinflammation, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Maélène Lohézic
- Applications & Workflow, GE Healthcare, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Laura M Parkes
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom.,Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
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29
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Narciso L, Ssali T, Iida H, St Lawrence K. A non-invasive reference-based method for imaging the cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen by PET/MR: theory and error analysis. Phys Med Biol 2021; 66:065009. [PMID: 33596555 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/abe737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) remains the gold standard for quantitative imaging of the cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO2); however, it is an invasive and complex procedure that requires accounting for recirculating [15O]H2O (RW) and the cerebral blood volume (CBV). This study presents a non-invasive reference-based technique for imaging CMRO2 that was developed for PET/magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with the goal of simplifying the PET procedure while maintaining its ability to quantify metabolism. The approach is to use whole-brain (WB) measurements of oxygen extraction fraction (OEF) and cerebral blood flow (CBF) to calibrate [15O]O2-PET data, thereby avoiding the need for invasive arterial sampling. Here we present the theoretical framework, along with error analyses, sensitivity to PET noise and inaccuracies in input parameters, and initial assessment on PET data acquired from healthy participants. Simulations showed that neglecting RW and CBV corrections caused errors in CMRO2 of less than ±10% for changes in regional OEF of ±25%. These predictions were supported by applying the reference-based approach to PET data, which resulted in remarkably similar CMRO2 images to those generated by analyzing the same data using a modeling approach that incorporated the arterial input functions and corrected for CBV contributions. Significant correlations were observed between regional CMRO2 values from the two techniques (slope = 1.00 ± 0.04, R 2 > 0.98) with no significant differences found for integration times of 3 and 5 min. In summary, results demonstrate the feasibility of producing quantitative CMRO2 images by PET/MRI without the need for invasive blood sampling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Narciso
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tracy Ssali
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hidehiro Iida
- University of Turku and Turku PET Centre, Turku, Finland.,National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Keith St Lawrence
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
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30
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Heymsfield SB, Smith B, Dahle J, Kennedy S, Fearnbach N, Thomas DM, Bosy-Westphal A, Müller MJ. Resting Energy Expenditure: From Cellular to Whole-Body Level, a Mechanistic Historical Perspective. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2021; 29:500-511. [PMID: 33624441 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The basis of heat generated by the human body has been a source of speculation and research for more than 2,000 years. Basal heat production, now usually referred to as resting energy expenditure (REE), is currently recognized as deriving from biochemical reactions at subcellular and cellular levels that are expressed in the energy expended by the body's 78 organs and tissues. These organs and tissues, and the 11 systems to which they belong, influence body size and shape. Connecting these subcellular-/cellular-level reactions to organs and tissues, and then on to body size and shape, provides a comprehensive understanding of individual differences in REE, a contemporary topic of interest in obesity research and clinical practice. This review critically examines these linkages, their association with widely used statistical and physiological REE prediction formulas, and often-unappreciated aspects of measuring basal heat production in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brooke Smith
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Jared Dahle
- Integrated Physiology Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Samantha Kennedy
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Nicole Fearnbach
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Diana M Thomas
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, United States Military Academy West Point, New York, USA
| | - Anja Bosy-Westphal
- Department of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Christian-Albrecht University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Manfred J Müller
- Department of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Christian-Albrecht University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
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31
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Hrybouski S, Cribben I, McGonigle J, Olsen F, Carter R, Seres P, Madan CR, Malykhin NV. Investigating the effects of healthy cognitive aging on brain functional connectivity using 4.7 T resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. Brain Struct Funct 2021; 226:1067-1098. [PMID: 33604746 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-021-02226-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Functional changes in the aging human brain have been previously reported using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Earlier resting-state fMRI studies revealed an age-associated weakening of intra-system functional connectivity (FC) and age-associated strengthening of inter-system FC. However, the majority of such FC studies did not investigate the relationship between age and network amplitude, without which correlation-based measures of FC can be challenging to interpret. Consequently, the main aim of this study was to investigate how three primary measures of resting-state fMRI signal-network amplitude, network topography, and inter-network FC-are affected by healthy cognitive aging. We acquired resting-state fMRI data on a 4.7 T scanner for 105 healthy participants representing the entire adult lifespan (18-85 years of age). To study age differences in network structure, we combined ICA-based network decomposition with sparse graphical models. Older adults displayed lower blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) signal amplitude in all functional systems, with sensorimotor networks showing the largest age differences. Our age comparisons of network topography and inter-network FC demonstrated a substantial amount of age invariance in the brain's functional architecture. Despite architecture similarities, old adults displayed a loss of communication efficiency in our inter-network FC comparisons, driven primarily by the FC reduction in frontal and parietal association cortices. Together, our results provide a comprehensive overview of age effects on fMRI-based FC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislau Hrybouski
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Ivor Cribben
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Department of Accounting and Business Analytics, Alberta School of Business, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - John McGonigle
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Fraser Olsen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Rawle Carter
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2V2, Canada
| | - Peter Seres
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | | | - Nikolai V Malykhin
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada. .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada. .,Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2V2, Canada.
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32
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Bahadur Patel A, Veeraiah P, Shameem M, Mahesh Kumar J, Saba K. Impaired GABAergic and glutamatergic neurometabolic activity in aged mice brain as measured by 1 H-[ 13 C]-NMR spectroscopy. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21321. [PMID: 33543543 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202001704rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Healthy aging is associated with a decline in cognitive function, and is a major risk factor for many neurodegenerative diseases. Although, there are several evidence that brain mitochondrial function is altered with aging its significance at the cellular level is elusive. In this study, we have investigated mitochondrial TCA cycle and neurotransmitter cycle fluxes associated with glutamatergic, GABAergic neurons and astroglia in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus of young (6 months) and aged (24 months) C57BL6 mice by using 1 H-[13 C]-NMR spectroscopy together with timed infusion of 13 C-labeled glucose and acetate. The ratio VCyc /VTCA was determined from a steady-state [2-13 C]acetate experiment. Metabolic fluxes were obtained by fitting a three-compartment metabolic model to 13 C turnover of amino acids from glucose. Levels of glutamate, aspartate and taurine were reduced in the cerebral cortex, while glutamine and choline were elevated in the hippocampus of aged mice. Interestingly, the rate of acetate oxidation increased in the cerebral cortex, while the flux of mitochondrial TCA cycle of glutamatergic neurons decreased in the cerebral cortex (P < .0001) and hippocampus (P = .025) of aged mice. The glutamate-glutamine neurotransmitter cycle flux was reduced in the cerebral cortex (P < .0001). The GABAergic TCA cycle flux was reduced in the cerebral cortex (P = .0008), while GABA-glutamine neurotransmitter cycling flux was also reduced in the cerebral cortex (P = .011) and hippocampus (P = .042) of aged brain. In conclusion, the reduction in excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitter activity of glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus correlates qualitatively with declined cognitive function in aged mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anant Bahadur Patel
- NMR Microimaging and Spectroscopy, CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Pandichelvam Veeraiah
- NMR Microimaging and Spectroscopy, CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Mohammad Shameem
- NMR Microimaging and Spectroscopy, CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Jerald Mahesh Kumar
- NMR Microimaging and Spectroscopy, CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Kamal Saba
- NMR Microimaging and Spectroscopy, CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
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Soleimanzad H, Montaner M, Ternier G, Lemitre M, Silvestre JS, Kassis N, Giacobini P, Magnan C, Pain F, Gurden H. Obesity in Midlife Hampers Resting and Sensory-Evoked Cerebral Blood Flow in Mice. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2021; 29:150-158. [PMID: 33174382 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the effects of a high-fat diet (HFD) and aging on resting and activity-dependent cerebral blood flow (CBF). METHODS To run a comparison between obese and age-matched control animals, 6-week-old mice were fed either with regular chow or an HFD for 3 months or 8 months. Glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity were assessed for metabolic phenotyping. Resting and odor-evoked CBF at the microvascular scale in the olfactory bulb (OB) was investigated by multiexposure speckle imaging. Immunolabeling-enabled imaging of solvent-cleared organs was used to analyze vascular density. The ejection fraction was studied by using cardioechography. Olfactory sensitivity was tested by using a buried-food test. RESULTS Glucose intolerance and compromised odor-evoked CBF were observed in obese mice in the younger group. Prolonged HFD feeding triggered insulin resistance and stronger impairment in activity-dependent CBF. Aging had a specific negative impact on resting CBF. There was no decrease in vascular density in the OB of obese mice, although cardiac function was impaired at both ages. In addition, decreased olfactory sensitivity was observed only in the older, middle-aged obese mice. CONCLUSIONS OB microvasculature in obese mice showed a specific functional feature characterized by impaired sensory-evoked CBF and a specific deleterious effect of aging on resting CBF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haleh Soleimanzad
- Université de Paris, Unit of Functional and Adaptive Biology (BFA), UMR 8251 CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Mireia Montaner
- Université de Paris, Unit of Functional and Adaptive Biology (BFA), UMR 8251 CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Gaëtan Ternier
- Université de Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, U1172 - LilNCog - Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, Lille, France
| | - Mathilde Lemitre
- Université de Paris, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center (PARCC), INSERM, Paris, France
| | | | - Nadim Kassis
- Université de Paris, Unit of Functional and Adaptive Biology (BFA), UMR 8251 CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Paolo Giacobini
- Université de Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, U1172 - LilNCog - Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, Lille, France
| | - Christophe Magnan
- Université de Paris, Unit of Functional and Adaptive Biology (BFA), UMR 8251 CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Pain
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut d'Optique Graduate School, CNRS, Laboratoire Charles Fabry, Palaiseau, France
| | - Hirac Gurden
- Université de Paris, Unit of Functional and Adaptive Biology (BFA), UMR 8251 CNRS, Paris, France
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Pungsornruk K, Djaiani G. Regional Cerebral Oxygen Saturation: Does the Baseline Matter? J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2020; 34:3290-3292. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2020.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Robu CB, Koninckx A, Docquier MA, Grosu I, De Kerchove L, Mastrobuoni S, Momeni M. Advanced Age and Sex Influence Baseline Regional Cerebral Oxygen Saturation as Measured by Near-Infrared Spectroscopy: Subanalysis of a Prospective Study. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2020; 34:3282-3289. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2020.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Jiang D, Lin Z, Liu P, Sur S, Xu C, Hazel K, Pottanat G, Darrow J, Pillai JJ, Yasar S, Rosenberg P, Moghekar A, Albert M, Lu H. Brain Oxygen Extraction Is Differentially Altered by Alzheimer's and Vascular Diseases. J Magn Reson Imaging 2020; 52:1829-1837. [PMID: 32567195 PMCID: PMC9973301 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.27264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease and vascular cognitive impairment (VCI), as well as their concurrence, represent the most common types of cognitive dysfunction. Treatment strategies for these two conditions are quite different; however, there exists a considerable overlap in their clinical manifestations, and most biomarkers reveal similar abnormalities between these two conditions. PURPOSE To evaluate the potential of cerebral oxygen extraction fraction (OEF) as a biomarker for differential diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease and VCI. We hypothesized that in Alzheimer's disease OEF will be reduced (decreased oxygen consumption due to decreased neural activity), while in vascular diseases OEF will be elevated (increased oxygen extraction due to abnormally decreased blood flow). STUDY TYPE Prospective cross-sectional. POPULATION Sixty-five subjects aged 52-89 years, including 33 mild cognitive impairment (MCI), 7 dementia, and 25 cognitively normal subjects. FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE 3T T2 -relaxation-under-spin-tagging (TRUST) and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery imaging (FLAIR). ASSESSMENT OEF, consensus diagnoses of cognitive impairment, vascular risk factors (such as hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes, smoking, and obesity), cognitive assessments, and cerebrospinal fluid concentration of amyloid and tau were assessed. STATISTICAL TESTS Multiple linear regression analyses of OEF with diagnostic category (normal, MCI, or dementia), vascular risks, cognitive performance, amyloid and tau pathology. RESULTS When evaluating the entire group, OEF was found to be lower with more severe cognitive impairment (β = -2.70 ± 1.15, T = -2.34, P = 0.02), but was higher with greater vascular risk factors (β = 1.36 ± 0.55, T = 2.48, P = 0.02). Further investigation of the subgroup of participants with low vascular risks (N = 44) revealed that lower OEF was associated with worse cognitive performance (β = 0.04 ± 0.01, T = 3.27, P = 0.002) and greater amyloid burden (β = 92.12 ± 41.23, T = 2.23, P = 0.03). Among cognitively impaired individuals (N = 40), higher OEF was associated with greater vascular risk factors (β = 2.19 ± 0.71, T = 3.08, P = 0.004). DATA CONCLUSION These findings suggest that OEF is differentially affected by Alzheimer's disease and VCI pathology and may be useful in etiology-based diagnosis of cognitive impairment. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 1 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 3 J. MAGN. RESON. IMAGING 2020;52:1829-1837.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dengrong Jiang
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology & Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Zixuan Lin
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology & Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Peiying Liu
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology & Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Sandeepa Sur
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology & Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Cuimei Xu
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology & Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kaisha Hazel
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology & Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - George Pottanat
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology & Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jacqueline Darrow
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jay J. Pillai
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology & Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Sevil Yasar
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Paul Rosenberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Abhay Moghekar
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Marilyn Albert
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Hanzhang Lu
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology & Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Research Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Koblinsky ND, Atwi S, Cohen E, Anderson ND, Greenwood CE, MacIntosh BJ, Robertson AD. Lower Thalamic Blood Flow Is Associated With Slower Stride Velocity in Older Adults. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:571074. [PMID: 33192462 PMCID: PMC7530335 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.571074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Gait deficits are associated with brain atrophy and white matter hyperintensities (WMH) - both markers of underlying cerebral small vessel disease (SVD). Given reduced subcortical cerebral blood flow (CBF) is prevalent in SVD, we tested the hypothesis that regional CBF is positively associated with gait performance among older adults. Methods Thirty-two older adults (55-80 years) with at least one vascular risk factor were recruited. We assessed gait during 2 consecutive walking sequences using a GAITRite system: (1) at a self-selected pace, and (2) while performing a serial subtraction dual-task challenge. We quantified CBF using pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling MRI within 4 regions of interest: putamen, pallidum, thalamus, and hippocampus. We investigated associations between gait characteristics and overall CBF adjusting for age, sex, and height in an omnibus approach using multivariate analysis of variance, followed by regression analysis with each individual region. We also conducted further regression analyses to investigate associations between gait characteristics and frontal lobe CBF. Sensitivity analyses examined how the observed associations were modified by WMH, executive function, and depressive symptoms. A change of 10% in the model's adjusted r2 and effect size was considered as a threshold for confounding. Results Overall subcortical CBF was not associated with self-paced gait. When examining individual ROI, gait velocity was directly related to thalamic CBF (p = 0.026), and across all gait variables the largest effect sizes were observed in relation to thalamic CBF. In the dual-task condition, gait variables were not related to CBF in either the omnibus approach or individual multiple regressions. Furthermore, no significant associations were observed between frontal CBF and gait variables in either the self-paced or dual-task condition. Sensitivity analyses which were restricted to examine the association of velocity and thalamic CBF identified a cofounding effect of depressive symptoms which increased the effect size of the CBF-gait association by 12%. Conclusion Subcortical hypoperfusion, particularly in regions that comprise central input/output tracts to the cortical tissue, may underlie the association between gait deficits and brain aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah D Koblinsky
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Health Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Hurvitz Brain Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sarah Atwi
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Heart and Stroke Foundation Canadian Partnership for Stroke Recovery, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ellen Cohen
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Heart and Stroke Foundation Canadian Partnership for Stroke Recovery, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Physical Therapy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nicole D Anderson
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Health Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Carol E Greenwood
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Health Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Bradley J MacIntosh
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Heart and Stroke Foundation Canadian Partnership for Stroke Recovery, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Andrew D Robertson
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Heart and Stroke Foundation Canadian Partnership for Stroke Recovery, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Wilson DF, Matschinsky FM. Cerebrovascular Blood Flow Design and Regulation; Vulnerability in Aging Brain. Front Physiol 2020; 11:584891. [PMID: 33178048 PMCID: PMC7596697 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.584891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutrient delivery to the brain presents a unique challenge because the tissue functions as a computer system with in the order of 200,000 neurons/mm3. Penetrating arterioles bud from surface arteries of the brain and penetrate downward through the cortex. Capillary networks spread from penetrating arterioles through the surrounding tissue. Each penetrating arteriole forms a vascular unit, with little sharing of flow among vascular units (collateral flow). Unlike cells in other tissues, neurons have to be operationally isolated, interacting with other neurons through specific electrical connections. Neuronal activation typically involves only a few of the cells within a vascular unit, but the local increase in nutrient consumption is substantial. The metabolic response to activation is transmitted to the feeding arteriole through the endothelium of neighboring capillaries and alters calcium permeability of smooth muscle in the wall resulting in modulation of flow through the entire vascular unit. Many age and trauma related brain pathologies can be traced to vascular malfunction. This includes: 1. Physical damage such as in traumatic injury with imposed shear stress as soft tissue moves relative to the skull. Lack of collateral flow among vascular units results in death of the cells in that vascular unit and loss of brain tissue. 2. Age dependent changes lead to progressive increase in vascular resistance and decrease in tissue levels of oxygen and glucose. Chronic hypoxia/hypoglycemia compromises tissue energy metabolism and related regulatory processes. This alters stem cell proliferation and differentiation, undermines vascular integrity, and suppresses critical repair mechanisms such as oligodendrocyte generation and maturation. Reduced structural integrity results in local regions of acute hypoxia and microbleeds, while failure of oligodendrocytes to fully mature leads to poor axonal myelination and defective neuronal function. Understanding and treating age related pathologies, particularly in brain, requires better knowledge of why and how vasculature changes with age. That knowledge will, hopefully, make possible drugs/methods for protecting vascular function, substantially alleviating the negative health and cognitive deficits associated with growing old.
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Affiliation(s)
- David F Wilson
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Franz M Matschinsky
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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Cermakova P, Ding J, Meirelles O, Reis J, Religa D, Schreiner PJ, Jacobs DR, Bryan RN, Launer LJ. Carotid Intima-Media Thickness and Markers of Brain Health in a Biracial Middle-Aged Cohort: CARDIA Brain MRI Sub-study. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2020; 75:380-386. [PMID: 30796828 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glz039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We investigated whether carotid intima-media thickness is associated with measures of cerebral blood flow (CBF), white matter hyperintensities, and brain volume in a biracial cohort of middle-aged individuals. METHODS We performed a cross-sectional cohort study based on data from a multicenter, population-based study Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults. Using linear and logistic regression, we estimated the association of the composite intima-media thickness measured in three segments of carotid arteries (common carotid artery, carotid artery bulb, and internal carotid artery) with volume (cm3) and CBF (mL/100 g/min) in the total brain and gray matter as well as volume of white matter hyperintensities (cm3). RESULTS In the analysis, 461 participants (54% women, 34% African Americans) were included. Greater intima-media thickness was associated with lower CBF in gray matter (β=-1.36; p = .04) and total brain (β=-1.26; p = .04), adjusting for age, sex, race, education, and total brain volume. The associations became statistically nonsignificant after further controlling for cardiovascular risk factors. Intima-media thickness was not associated with volumes of total brain, gray matter, and white matter hyperintensities. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that lower CBF in middle age is associated with markers of atherosclerosis in the carotid arteries. This association may reflect early long-term exposure to traditional cardiovascular risk factors. Early intervention on atherosclerotic risk factors may modulate the trajectory of CBF as people age and develop brain pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavla Cermakova
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic.,Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jie Ding
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Osorio Meirelles
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jared Reis
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Dorota Religa
- Theme Aging, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden.,Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Pamela J Schreiner
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Philadelphia
| | - David R Jacobs
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Philadelphia
| | - R Nick Bryan
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Lenore J Launer
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, Maryland
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Ephedrine versus Phenylephrine Effect on Cerebral Blood Flow and Oxygen Consumption in Anesthetized Brain Tumor Patients: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Anesthesiology 2020; 133:304-317. [PMID: 32482999 DOI: 10.1097/aln.0000000000003377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies in anesthetized patients suggest that phenylephrine reduces regional cerebral oxygen saturation compared with ephedrine. The present study aimed to quantify the effects of phenylephrine and ephedrine on cerebral blood flow and cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen in brain tumor patients. The authors hypothesized that phenylephrine reduces cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen in selected brain regions compared with ephedrine. METHODS In this double-blinded, randomized clinical trial, 24 anesthetized patients with brain tumors were randomly assigned to ephedrine or phenylephrine treatment. Positron emission tomography measurements of cerebral blood flow and cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen in peritumoral and normal contralateral regions were performed before and during vasopressor infusion. The primary endpoint was between-group difference in cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen. Secondary endpoints included changes in cerebral blood flow, oxygen extraction fraction, and regional cerebral oxygen saturation. RESULTS Peritumoral mean ± SD cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen values before and after vasopressor (ephedrine, 67.0 ± 11.3 and 67.8 ± 25.7 μmol · 100 g · min; phenylephrine, 68.2 ± 15.2 and 67.6 ± 18.0 μmol · 100 g · min) showed no intergroup difference (difference [95% CI], 1.5 [-13.3 to 16.3] μmol · 100 g · min [P = 0.839]). Corresponding contralateral hemisphere cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen values (ephedrine, 90.8 ± 15.9 and 94.6 ± 16.9 μmol · 100 g · min; phenylephrine, 100.8 ± 20.7 and 96.4 ± 17.7 μmol · 100 g · min) showed no intergroup difference (difference [95% CI], 8.2 [-2.0 to 18.5] μmol · 100 g · min [P = 0.118]). Ephedrine significantly increased cerebral blood flow (difference [95% CI], 3.9 [0.7 to 7.0] ml · 100 g · min [P = 0.019]) and regional cerebral oxygen saturation (difference [95% CI], 4 [1 to 8]% [P = 0.024]) in the contralateral hemisphere compared to phenylephrine. The change in oxygen extraction fraction in both regions (peritumoral difference [95% CI], -0.6 [-14.7 to 13.6]% [P = 0.934]; contralateral hemisphere difference [95% CI], -0.1 [- 12.1 to 12.0]% [P = 0.989]) were comparable between groups. CONCLUSIONS The cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen changes in peritumoral and normal contralateral regions were similar between ephedrine- and phenylephrine-treated patients. In the normal contralateral region, ephedrine was associated with an increase in cerebral blood flow and regional cerebral oxygen saturation compared with phenylephrine.
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Machado L. Understanding cognition and how it changes with aging, brain disease, and lifestyle choices. J R Soc N Z 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/03036758.2020.1796102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liana Machado
- Department of Psychology and Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Brain Research New Zealand, Auckland, New Zealand
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Individual differences in haemoglobin concentration influence bold fMRI functional connectivity and its correlation with cognition. Neuroimage 2020; 221:117196. [PMID: 32721510 PMCID: PMC7994014 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Resting-state connectivity measures the temporal coherence of the spontaneous neural activity of spatially distinct regions, and is commonly measured using BOLD-fMRI. The BOLD response follows neuronal activity, when changes in the relative concentration of oxygenated and deoxygenated haemoglobin cause fluctuations in the MRI T2* signal. Since the BOLD signal detects changes in relative concentrations of oxy/deoxy-haemoglobin, individual differences in haemoglobin levels may influence the BOLD signal-to-noise ratio in a manner independent of the degree of neural activity. In this study, we examined whether group differences in haemoglobin may confound measures of functional connectivity. We investigated whether relationships between measures of functional connectivity and cognitive performance could be influenced by individual variability in haemoglobin. Finally, we mapped the neuroanatomical distribution of the influence of haemoglobin on functional connectivity to determine where group differences in functional connectivity are manifest. In a cohort of 518 healthy elderly subjects (259 men), each sex group was median-split into two groups with high and low haemoglobin concentration. Significant differences were obtained in functional connectivity between the high and low haemoglobin groups for both men and women (Cohen’s d 0.17 and 0.03 for men and women respectively). The haemoglobin connectome in males showed a widespread systematic increase in functional connectivity correlation values, whilst the female connectome showed predominantly parietal and subcortical increases and temporo-parietal decreases. Despite the haemoglobin groups having no differences in cognitive measures, significant differences in the linear relationships between cognitive performance and functional connectivity were obtained for all 5 cognitive tests in males, and 4 out of 5 tests in females. Our findings confirm that individual variability in haemoglobin levels that give rise to group differences are an important confounding variable in BOLD-fMRI-based studies of functional connectivity. Controlling for haemoglobin variability as a potentially confounding variable is crucial to ensure the reproducibility of human brain connectome studies, especially in studies that compare groups of individuals, compare sexes, or examine connectivity-cognition relationships.
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Yang X, Chen L, Li Y, Gao F, Yan Z, Zhang P, Wu J, Wang H, Sun B. Protective effect of Hydroxysafflor Yellow A on cerebral ischemia reperfusion-injury by regulating GSK3β-mediated pathways. Neurosci Lett 2020; 736:135258. [PMID: 32693014 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2020.135258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is accompanied by high mortality and morbidity. Unfortunately, there are few effective therapeutic medicines and strategies to enhance its outcome. Hydroxysafflor Yellow A (HSYA) exerts multiple biological activities and has potential protective effects against I/R injury in the brain, liver and heart. However, its underlying mechanism is still unclear. Here, we investigated whether HSYA modulates apoptosis and neuro-inflammation through the Glycogen synthase kinase-3β(GSK3β)-mediated pathway in a transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) rat model and oxygen/glucose deprivation (OGD)-challenged primary neuronal cultures both in vivo and in vitro. Male Wistar rats were subjected to MCAO for 2 h, followed by 24 h of reperfusion. HSYA was administered 15 min after occlusion, SB216763 (GSK3β inhibitor) was injected to the left ventricle of the rat 6 h prior to MCAO. After 24 h of perfusion, apoptosis-associated protein and inflammatory markers were detected by western blotting. Meanwhile, terminal-deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated nick end labeling(TUNEL) assay was used to evaluate the number of apoptotic cells in OGD-challenged neurons, cleaved caspase-3 were evaluated by Immunofluorescence (IF). Our data indicated that HSYA administration reduced infarct volume, decreased neurological deficit scores, elevated GSK3β phosphorylation and inhibited the activation of iNOS, NF-κB, and capase-3 in the penumbra of I/R rats. Moreover, blockade of GSK3β partly reversed the protective effect of HSYA on I/R by regulating NF-κB and caspase-3 both in vivo and in vitro. Collectively, we found that HSYA ameliorates I/R injury through its anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects via modulation of GSK-3β phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, PR China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44(#) Wenhuaxi Road, Shandong, 250012, PR China
| | - Yun Li
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dezhou People's Hospital, 1751(#), Xinhu Road, Dezhou, Shandong, 253000, PR China
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, PR China
| | - Zhibo Yan
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, PR China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, PR China
| | - Jianbo Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, PR China
| | - Huanliang Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, PR China
| | - Baozhu Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, PR China.
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Jiang D, Lin Z, Liu P, Sur S, Xu C, Hazel K, Pottanat G, Yasar S, Rosenberg P, Albert M, Lu H. Normal variations in brain oxygen extraction fraction are partly attributed to differences in end-tidal CO 2. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2020; 40:1492-1500. [PMID: 31382788 PMCID: PMC7308520 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x19867154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral oxygen extraction fraction is an important physiological index of the brain's oxygen consumption and supply and has been suggested to be a potential biomarker for a number of diseases such as stroke, Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis, sickle cell disease, and metabolic disorders. However, in order for oxygen extraction fraction to be a sensitive biomarker for personalized disease diagnosis, inter-subject variations in normal subjects must be minimized or accounted for, which will otherwise obscure its interpretation. Therefore, it is essential to investigate the physiological underpinnings of normal differences in oxygen extraction fraction. This work used two studies, one discovery study and one verification study, to examine the extent to which an individual's end-tidal CO2 can explain variations in oxygen extraction fraction. It was found that, across normal subjects, oxygen extraction fraction is inversely correlated with end-tidal CO2. Approximately 50% of the inter-subject variations in oxygen extraction fraction can be attributed to end-tidal CO2 differences. In addition, oxygen extraction fraction was found to be positively associated with age and systolic blood pressure. By accounting for end-tidal CO2, age, and systolic blood pressure of the subjects, normal variations in oxygen extraction fraction can be reduced by 73%, which is expected to substantially enhance the utility of oxygen extraction fraction as a disease biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dengrong Jiang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology & Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Zixuan Lin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology & Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Peiying Liu
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology & Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sandeepa Sur
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology & Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Cuimei Xu
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology & Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kaisha Hazel
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology & Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - George Pottanat
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology & Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sevil Yasar
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Paul Rosenberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Marilyn Albert
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hanzhang Lu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology & Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Research Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
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45
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Foster C, Steventon JJ, Helme D, Tomassini V, Wise RG. Assessment of the Effects of Aerobic Fitness on Cerebrovascular Function in Young Adults Using Multiple Inversion Time Arterial Spin Labeling MRI. Front Physiol 2020; 11:360. [PMID: 32372976 PMCID: PMC7187806 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This cross-sectional study investigated the effects of aerobic fitness on cerebrovascular function in the healthy brain. Gray matter cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) were quantified in a sample of young adults within a normal fitness range. Based on existing Transcranial Doppler ultrasound and fMRI evidence, we predicted a positive relationship between fitness and resting gray matter CBF and CVR. Exploratory hypotheses that higher V . O2peak would be associated with higher GM volume and cognitive performance were also investigated. 20 adults underwent a V . O2peak test and a battery of cognitive tests. All subjects also underwent an MRI scan where multiple inversion time (MTI) pulsed arterial spin labeling (PASL) was used to quantify resting CBF and CVR to 5% CO2. Region of interest analysis showed a non-significant inverse correlation between whole-brain gray matter CBF and V . O2peak; r = -0.4, p = 0.08, corrected p (p') = 0.16 and a significant positive correlation between V . O2peak and whole-brain averaged gray matter CVR; r = 0.62, p = 0.003, p' = 0.006. Voxel-wise analysis revealed a significant inverse association between V . O2peak and resting CBF in the left and right thalamus, brainstem, right lateral occipital cortex, left intra-calcarine cortex and cerebellum. The results of this study suggest that aerobic fitness is associated with lower baseline CBF and greater CVR in young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Foster
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Jessica J. Steventon
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute (NMHRI), School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Helme
- Department of Anaesthetics and Intensive Care Medicine, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Valentina Tomassini
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, “G. D’Annunzio University” of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies (ITAB), “G. D’Annunzio University” of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Richard G. Wise
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, “G. D’Annunzio University” of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies (ITAB), “G. D’Annunzio University” of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
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46
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Kumral D, Şansal F, Cesnaite E, Mahjoory K, Al E, Gaebler M, Nikulin VV, Villringer A. BOLD and EEG signal variability at rest differently relate to aging in the human brain. Neuroimage 2019; 207:116373. [PMID: 31759114 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.116373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Variability of neural activity is regarded as a crucial feature of healthy brain function, and several neuroimaging approaches have been employed to assess it noninvasively. Studies on the variability of both evoked brain response and spontaneous brain signals have shown remarkable changes with aging but it is unclear if the different measures of brain signal variability - identified with either hemodynamic or electrophysiological methods - reflect the same underlying physiology. In this study, we aimed to explore age differences of spontaneous brain signal variability with two different imaging modalities (EEG, fMRI) in healthy younger (25 ± 3 years, N = 135) and older (67 ± 4 years, N = 54) adults. Consistent with the previous studies, we found lower blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) variability in the older subjects as well as less signal variability in the amplitude of low-frequency oscillations (1-12 Hz), measured in source space. These age-related reductions were mostly observed in the areas that overlap with the default mode network. Moreover, age-related increases of variability in the amplitude of beta-band frequency EEG oscillations (15-25 Hz) were seen predominantly in temporal brain regions. There were significant sex differences in EEG signal variability in various brain regions while no significant sex differences were observed in BOLD signal variability. Bivariate and multivariate correlation analyses revealed no significant associations between EEG- and fMRI-based variability measures. In summary, we show that both BOLD and EEG signal variability reflect aging-related processes but are likely to be dominated by different physiological origins, which relate differentially to age and sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Kumral
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany; MindBrainBody Institute at the Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - F Şansal
- International Graduate Program Medical Neurosciences, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - E Cesnaite
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - K Mahjoory
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany; Institute for Biomagnetism and Biosignalanalysis, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - E Al
- MindBrainBody Institute at the Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - M Gaebler
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany; MindBrainBody Institute at the Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - V V Nikulin
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany; Neurophysics Group, Department of Neurology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Centre for Cognition and Decision Making, Institute for Cognitive Neuroscience, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia
| | - A Villringer
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany; MindBrainBody Institute at the Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Department of Cognitive Neurology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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47
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Salehpour F, Majdi A, Pazhuhi M, Ghasemi F, Khademi M, Pashazadeh F, Hamblin MR, Cassano P. Transcranial Photobiomodulation Improves Cognitive Performance in Young Healthy Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Photobiomodul Photomed Laser Surg 2019; 37:635-643. [PMID: 31549906 PMCID: PMC6818490 DOI: 10.1089/photob.2019.4673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Transcranial photobiomodulation (t-PBM) is a noninvasive modality that may improve cognitive function in both healthy and diseased subjects. Objective: This systematic review and meta-analysis addresses the question of whether t-PBM improves cognitive function in healthy adults. Methods: We searched MEDLINE using PubMed, EMBASE, SCOPUS, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library up to March 2019. We also searched ProQuest and Google Scholar databases for unpublished material. The search was limited to articles on the procognitive effects of t-PBM in healthy adults. The initial search resulted in 871 studies, of which nine publications met our criteria for inclusion and exclusion. Seven studies were performed on young, healthy subjects (17-35 years), and two studies were conducted on older (≥49 years), normal subjects. A meta-analysis was performed on six full-text publications whose subjects were young adults. Results: t-PBM administration improved cognition-related outcomes by an 0.833 standardized mean difference (SMD; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.458-1.209, 14 comparisons) in young, healthy participants. Funnel plotting revealed asymmetry, which was validated using Egger's (p = 0.030) and Begg's regression (p = 0.006) tests. However after reanalysis, this asymmetry disappeared in the attention subgroup, but not in the memory subgroup. The trim-and-fill analysis indicated two studies were lacking required data. Thus, the effect size was adjusted from an SMD of 0.761 (95% CI: 0.573-0.949) to 0.949 (0.779-1.120). The overall quality score of the studies was modest. Conclusions: We demonstrated a significant, beneficial effect of t-PBM on cognitive performance of young, healthy individuals; however, the heterogeneity of the data was high. This could be due to the modest quality or to the low number of included studies, or to the differences between the various subdomains assessed. These shortcomings should be meticulously addressed before concluding that t-PBM is a cognitive-enhancing intervention in healthy individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzad Salehpour
- Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Niraxx Light Therapeutics, Inc., Irvine, California
- ProNeuroLIGHT LLC, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Alireza Majdi
- Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Faranak Ghasemi
- Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mahsa Khademi
- Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Fariba Pashazadeh
- Research Center for Evidence-Based Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Iranian EBM Center: A Joanna Briggs Institute Affiliated Group, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Michael R. Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Paolo Cassano
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Depression Clinical and Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Anxiety and Traumatic Stress Disorders, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
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48
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Yu B, Huang M, Zhang X, Peng M, Hou Y, Guo Q. Relationship between topological efficiency in white matter structural networks with cerebral oxygen metabolism in young adults. Neuroimage 2019; 199:336-341. [PMID: 31176832 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between the topological characteristics of the white matter (WM) network have been shown to be related to neural development, intelligence, and various diseases; however, few studies have been conducted to explore the relationship between topological characteristics of the WM network and cerebral metabolism. In a recent study we investigated the relationship between WM network topological and metabolic metrics of the cerebral parenchyma in healthy volunteers using the newly developed T2-relaxation-under-spin-tagging (TRUST) magnetic resonance imaging technique and graph theory approaches. Ninety-six healthy adults (25.5 ± 1.8 years of age) were recruited as volunteers in the current study. The cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO2), oxygen extraction fraction, and the global topological metrics of the WM network (global efficiency [Eglob], local efficiency, and small-worldliness) were assessed. A stepwise multiple linear regression model was estimated. CMRO2 was entered as the dependent variable. The topological and demographic parameters (age, gender, FIQ, SBP, gray matter volume, and WM volume) were entered as independent variables in the model. The final performing models were comprised of predictors of Eglob, FIQ, and age (adjusted R2 values were 0.489 [L-AAL] and 0.424 [H-1024]). Our study initially revealed a relationship between Eglob and cerebral oxygen metabolism in healthy young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Yu
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Mingzhu Huang
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Miao Peng
- Department of Psychology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Yang Hou
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China.
| | - Qiyong Guo
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China
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49
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Mai C, Mankoo H, Wei L, An X, Li C, Li D, Jiang LH. TRPM2 channel: A novel target for alleviating ischaemia-reperfusion, chronic cerebral hypo-perfusion and neonatal hypoxic-ischaemic brain damage. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 24:4-12. [PMID: 31568632 PMCID: PMC6933339 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The transient receptor potential melastatin-related 2 (TRPM2) channel, a reactive oxygen species (ROS)-sensitive cation channel, has been well recognized for being an important and common mechanism that confers the susceptibility to ROS-induced cell death. An elevated level of ROS is a salient feature of ischaemia-reperfusion, chronic cerebral hypo-perfusion and neonatal hypoxia-ischaemia. The TRPM2 channel is expressed in hippocampus, cortex and striatum, the brain regions that are critical for cognitive functions. In this review, we examine the recent studies that combine pharmacological and/or genetic interventions with using in vitro and in vivo models to demonstrate a crucial role of the TRPM2 channel in brain damage by ischaemia-reperfusion, chronic cerebral hypo-perfusion and neonatal hypoxic-ischaemia. We also discuss the current understanding of the underlying TRPM2-dependent cellular and molecular mechanisms. These new findings lead to the hypothesis of targeting the TRPM2 channel as a potential novel therapeutic strategy to alleviate brain damage and cognitive dysfunction caused by these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chendi Mai
- Sino-UK Joint Laboratory of Brian Function and Injury of Henan Province and Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,Sanquan College of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Harneet Mankoo
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Linyu Wei
- Sino-UK Joint Laboratory of Brian Function and Injury of Henan Province and Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Xinfang An
- Sino-UK Joint Laboratory of Brian Function and Injury of Henan Province and Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,Xinxiang Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Xinxiang, China
| | - Chaokun Li
- Sino-UK Joint Laboratory of Brian Function and Injury of Henan Province and Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Dongliang Li
- Sino-UK Joint Laboratory of Brian Function and Injury of Henan Province and Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,Sanquan College of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Lin-Hua Jiang
- Sino-UK Joint Laboratory of Brian Function and Injury of Henan Province and Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,Sanquan College of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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50
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Piri R, Naghavi-Behzad M, Gerke O, Høilund-Carlsen PF, Vafaee MS. Investigations of possible links between Alzheimer’s disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus by positron emission tomography: a systematic review. Clin Transl Imaging 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s40336-019-00339-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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