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Xu J, Wang F, Zang C, Zhang H, Niotis K, Liberman AL, Stonnington CM, Ishii M, Adekkanattu P, Luo Y, Mao C, Rasmussen LV, Xu Z, Brandt P, Pacheco JA, Peng Y, Jiang G, Isaacson R, Pathak J. Comparing the effects of four common drug classes on the progression of mild cognitive impairment to dementia using electronic health records. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8102. [PMID: 37208478 PMCID: PMC10199021 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35258-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the potential association between the use of four frequently prescribed drug classes, namely antihypertensive drugs, statins, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, and proton-pump inhibitors, and the likelihood of disease progression from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to dementia using electronic health records (EHRs). We conducted a retrospective cohort study using observational EHRs from a cohort of approximately 2 million patients seen at a large, multi-specialty urban academic medical center in New York City, USA between 2008 and 2020 to automatically emulate the randomized controlled trials. For each drug class, two exposure groups were identified based on the prescription orders documented in the EHRs following their MCI diagnosis. During follow-up, we measured drug efficacy based on the incidence of dementia and estimated the average treatment effect (ATE) of various drugs. To ensure the robustness of our findings, we confirmed the ATE estimates via bootstrapping and presented associated 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Our analysis identified 14,269 MCI patients, among whom 2501 (17.5%) progressed to dementia. Using average treatment estimation and bootstrapping confirmation, we observed that drugs including rosuvastatin (ATE = - 0.0140 [- 0.0191, - 0.0088], p value < 0.001), citalopram (ATE = - 0.1128 [- 0.125, - 0.1005], p value < 0.001), escitalopram (ATE = - 0.0560 [- 0.0615, - 0.0506], p value < 0.001), and omeprazole (ATE = - 0.0201 [- 0.0299, - 0.0103], p value < 0.001) have a statistically significant association in slowing the progression from MCI to dementia. The findings from this study support the commonly prescribed drugs in altering the progression from MCI to dementia and warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Xu
- University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Fei Wang
- Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Hao Zhang
- Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Yuan Luo
- Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Yifan Peng
- Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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2
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Abstract
Over 55 million people globally are living with dementia and, by 2050, this number is projected to increase to 131 million. This poses immeasurable challenges for patients and their families and a significant threat to domestic and global economies. Given this public health crisis and disappointing results from disease-modifying trials, there has been a recent shift in focus toward primary and secondary prevention strategies. Approximately 40% of Alzheimer's disease (AD) cases, which is the most common form of dementia, may be prevented or at least delayed. Success of risk reduction studies through addressing modifiable risk factors, in addition to the failure of most drug trials, lends support for personalized multidomain interventions rather than a "one-size-fits-all" approach. Evolving evidence supports early intervention in at-risk patients using individualized interventions directed at modifiable risk factors. Comprehensive risk stratification can be informed by emerging principals of precision medicine, and include expanded clinical and family history, anthropometric measurements, blood biomarkers, neurocognitive evaluation, and genetic information. Risk stratification is key in differentiating subtypes of dementia and identifies targetable areas for intervention. This article reviews a clinical approach toward dementia risk stratification and evidence-based prevention strategies, with a primary focus on AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kellyann Niotis
- Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine and New York - Presbyterian, New York, New York
| | - Kiarra Akiyoshi
- Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine and New York - Presbyterian, New York, New York
| | - Caroline Carlton
- Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine and New York - Presbyterian, New York, New York
| | - Richard Isaacson
- Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine and New York - Presbyterian, New York, New York.,Department of Neurology, Florida Atlantic University, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Boca Raton, Florida
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3
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Jett S, Malviya N, Schelbaum E, Jang G, Jahan E, Clancy K, Hristov H, Pahlajani S, Niotis K, Loeb-Zeitlin S, Havryliuk Y, Isaacson R, Brinton RD, Mosconi L. Endogenous and Exogenous Estrogen Exposures: How Women’s Reproductive Health Can Drive Brain Aging and Inform Alzheimer’s Prevention. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:831807. [PMID: 35356299 PMCID: PMC8959926 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.831807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
After advanced age, female sex is the major risk factor for late-onset Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the most common cause of dementia affecting over 24 million people worldwide. The prevalence of AD is higher in women than in men, with postmenopausal women accounting for over 60% of all those affected. While most research has focused on gender-combined risk, emerging data indicate sex and gender differences in AD pathophysiology, onset, and progression, which may help account for the higher prevalence in women. Notably, AD-related brain changes develop during a 10–20 year prodromal phase originating in midlife, thus proximate with the hormonal transitions of endocrine aging characteristic of the menopause transition in women. Preclinical evidence for neuroprotective effects of gonadal sex steroid hormones, especially 17β-estradiol, strongly argue for associations between female fertility, reproductive history, and AD risk. The level of gonadal hormones to which the female brain is exposed changes considerably across the lifespan, with relevance to AD risk. However, the neurobiological consequences of hormonal fluctuations, as well as that of hormone therapies, are yet to be fully understood. Epidemiological studies have yielded contrasting results of protective, deleterious and null effects of estrogen exposure on dementia risk. In contrast, brain imaging studies provide encouraging evidence for positive associations between greater cumulative lifetime estrogen exposure and lower AD risk in women, whereas estrogen deprivation is associated with negative consequences on brain structure, function, and biochemistry. Herein, we review the existing literature and evaluate the strength of observed associations between female-specific reproductive health factors and AD risk in women, with a focus on the role of endogenous and exogenous estrogen exposures as a key underlying mechanism. Chief among these variables are reproductive lifespan, menopause status, type of menopause (spontaneous vs. induced), number of pregnancies, and exposure to hormonal therapy, including hormonal contraceptives, hormonal therapy for menopause, and anti-estrogen treatment. As aging is the greatest risk factor for AD followed by female sex, understanding sex-specific biological pathways through which reproductive history modulates brain aging is crucial to inform preventative and therapeutic strategies for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Jett
- Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States
| | - Niharika Malviya
- Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States
| | - Eva Schelbaum
- Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States
| | - Grace Jang
- Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States
| | - Eva Jahan
- Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States
| | - Katherine Clancy
- Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States
| | - Hollie Hristov
- Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States
| | - Silky Pahlajani
- Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States
| | - Kellyann Niotis
- Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States
| | - Susan Loeb-Zeitlin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States
| | - Yelena Havryliuk
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States
| | - Richard Isaacson
- Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States
| | - Roberta Diaz Brinton
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
- Department of Neurology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Lisa Mosconi
- Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States
- *Correspondence: Lisa Mosconi,
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4
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Schelbaum E, Loughlin L, Jett S, Zhang C, Jang G, Malviya N, Hristov H, Pahlajani S, Isaacson R, Dyke JP, Kamel H, Brinton RD, Mosconi L. Association of Reproductive History With Brain MRI Biomarkers of Dementia Risk in Midlife. Neurology 2021; 97:e2328-e2339. [PMID: 34732544 PMCID: PMC8665431 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000012941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES To examine associations between indicators of estrogen exposure from women's reproductive history and brain MRI biomarkers of Alzheimer disease (AD) in midlife. METHODS We evaluated 99 cognitively normal women 52 ± 6 years of age and 29 men 52 ± 7 years of age with reproductive history data, neuropsychological testing, and volumetric MRI scans. We used multiple regressions to examine associations among reproductive history indicators, voxel-wise gray matter volume (GMV), and memory and global cognition scores, adjusting for demographics and midlife health indicators. Exposure variables were menopause status, age at menarche, age at menopause, reproductive span, hysterectomy status, number of children and pregnancies, and use of menopause hormonal therapy (HT) and hormonal contraceptives (HC). RESULTS All menopausal groups exhibited lower GMV in AD-vulnerable regions compared to men, with perimenopausal and postmenopausal groups also exhibiting lower GMV in temporal cortex compared to the premenopausal group. Reproductive span, number of children and pregnancies, and use of HT and HC were positively associated with GMV, chiefly in temporal cortex, frontal cortex, and precuneus, independent of age, APOE ε4 status, and midlife health indicators. Although reproductive history indicators were not directly associated with cognitive measures, GMV in temporal regions was positively associated with memory and global cognition scores. DISCUSSION Reproductive history events signaling more estrogen exposure such as premenopausal status, longer reproductive span, higher number of children, and use of HT and HC were associated with larger GMV in women in midlife. Further studies are needed to elucidate sex-specific biological pathways through which reproductive history influences cognitive aging and AD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Lisa Mosconi
- From the Departments of Neurology (E.S., L.L., S.J., C.Z., G.J., N.M., H.H., S.P., R.I., H.K., L.M.) and Radiology (J.P.D., L.M.), Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY; Department of Pharmacology (R.D.B.), University of Arizona, Tucson.
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5
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Sinyor B, Isaacson R, Ochner C. Preventative medicine and Alzheimer's disease: is Alzheimer's disease risk reduction achievable? Neural Regen Res 2021; 16:1772-1773. [PMID: 33510071 PMCID: PMC8328765 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.306086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Richard Isaacson
- Weil Cornell Medicine, New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
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6
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Siegler JE, Boreskie PE, Strowd R, Rook R, Goss A, Al-Mufti F, Rossow B, Miller A, Chamberlain A, London Z, Hurley J, Geocadin R, Richie M, Isaacson R, Rybinnik I, Chan TM. Neurology podcast utilization during the COVID-19 pandemic. Neurol Sci 2021; 42:4437-4445. [PMID: 34383158 PMCID: PMC8357627 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-021-05549-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Background As medical education shifted to a virtual environment during the early coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, we evaluated how neurology podcasting may have been utilized during this period, and which features of podcasts have been more highly sought by a medical audience. Methods We conducted a retrospective analysis of neurology-themed blogs and/or podcasts between April 2019 and May 2020. Programs were eligible if they reported mean monthly downloads > 2000, were affiliated with an academic society, or offered continuing medical education credit. Thirty-day download counts were compared between study months, with adjustment for multiple testing. Exploratory analyses were performed to determine which podcast features were associated with higher downloads. Results Of the 12 neurology podcasts surveyed, 8 completed the survey and 5 met inclusion criteria. The median monthly download count was 2865 (IQR 869–7497), with significant variability between programs (p < 0.001). While there was a 358% increase in downloads during April 2020 when compared to the previous month, this was not significant (median 8124 [IQR 2913–14,177] vs. 2268 [IQR 540–6116], padj = 0.80). The non-significant increase in overall downloads during April 2020 corresponded to an increase in unique episodes during that month (r = 0.48, p = 0.003). There was no difference in 30-day downloads among episodes including COVID-19 content versus not (median 1979 [IQR 791–2873] vs. 1171 [IQR 405–2665], p = 0.28). Conclusions In this unique, exploratory study of academic neurology-themed podcasts, there was no significant increase in episode downloads during the early COVID-19 pandemic. A more comprehensive analysis of general and subspecialty medical podcasts is underway.
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Affiliation(s)
- James E Siegler
- Cooper Neurological Institute, Cooper University Hospital, 3 Cooper Plaza Suite 320, Camden, NJ, 08103, USA. .,Department of Emergency Medicine, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
| | - Patrick E Boreskie
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Roy Strowd
- Department of Neurology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Robert Rook
- American Academy of Neurology, Minneapolis, MN, 55415, USA
| | - Adeline Goss
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Fawaz Al-Mufti
- Westchester Medical Center at New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA
| | | | | | | | - Zachary London
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | | | - Romergryko Geocadin
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institute, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Megan Richie
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Richard Isaacson
- Department of Neurology, New York Presbyterian/Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Igor Rybinnik
- Department of Neurology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Teresa M Chan
- Division of Emergency Medicine and Division of Education & Innovation, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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7
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Sabayan B, Isaacson R, Rost N. Opinion & Special Articles: Preventive Neurology: An Emerging Field Toward Brain Health. Neurology 2021; 97:916-919. [PMID: 34315783 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000012554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
With the rapid aging of populations, neurological disorders have become among the leading causes of disability and mortality worldwide. Most neurological conditions have a prolonged prodromal phase - even if they tend to manifest with an acute syndrome such as stroke - and can lead to a relentless, often deleterious course creating a major burden on patients, caregivers, and society. This unique nature of neurological diseases signifies the strong need for equally effective primary and secondary prevention strategies and focus on brain health before brain diseases ensue. The field of preventive neurology applies both universal and selective primary prevention strategies to promote brain health both at the public and personal levels. The preventive neurology approach aims to identify and target high risk individuals and protect them from reaching a critical point where overt clinical symptoms are present and disease progression is irreversible. Universal and selective prevention training, along with dovetailed clinical and public health research, are three essential pillars of preventive neurology. The burgeoning field of preventive neurology aims to assess neurological care needs in a society, promote the participation of neurologists in restructuring of the health care policies to promote brain health, and to identify medium and high-risk individuals in order to prevent or delay future neurological events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behnam Sabayan
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Richard Isaacson
- Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine & NewYork-Presbyterian, New York, NY, USA
| | - Natalia Rost
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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8
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Mosconi L, Berti V, Dyke J, Schelbaum E, Jett S, Loughlin L, Jang G, Rahman A, Hristov H, Pahlajani S, Andrews R, Matthews D, Etingin O, Ganzer C, de Leon M, Isaacson R, Brinton RD. Menopause impacts human brain structure, connectivity, energy metabolism, and amyloid-beta deposition. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10867. [PMID: 34108509 PMCID: PMC8190071 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90084-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
All women undergo the menopause transition (MT), a neuro-endocrinological process that impacts aging trajectories of multiple organ systems including brain. The MT occurs over time and is characterized by clinically defined stages with specific neurological symptoms. Yet, little is known of how this process impacts the human brain. This multi-modality neuroimaging study indicates substantial differences in brain structure, connectivity, and energy metabolism across MT stages (pre-menopause, peri-menopause, and post-menopause). These effects involved brain regions subserving higher-order cognitive processes and were specific to menopausal endocrine aging rather than chronological aging, as determined by comparison to age-matched males. Brain biomarkers largely stabilized post-menopause, and gray matter volume (GMV) recovered in key brain regions for cognitive aging. Notably, GMV recovery and in vivo brain mitochondria ATP production correlated with preservation of cognitive performance post-menopause, suggesting adaptive compensatory processes. In parallel to the adaptive process, amyloid-β deposition was more pronounced in peri-menopausal and post-menopausal women carrying apolipoprotein E-4 (APOE-4) genotype, the major genetic risk factor for late-onset Alzheimer's disease, relative to genotype-matched males. These data show that human menopause is a dynamic neurological transition that significantly impacts brain structure, connectivity, and metabolic profile during midlife endocrine aging of the female brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Mosconi
- Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 420 East 70th, LH-404, New York, NY, 10021, USA.
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Valentina Berti
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Jonathan Dyke
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eva Schelbaum
- Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 420 East 70th, LH-404, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Steven Jett
- Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 420 East 70th, LH-404, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Lacey Loughlin
- Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 420 East 70th, LH-404, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Grace Jang
- Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 420 East 70th, LH-404, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Aneela Rahman
- Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 420 East 70th, LH-404, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Hollie Hristov
- Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 420 East 70th, LH-404, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Silky Pahlajani
- Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 420 East 70th, LH-404, New York, NY, 10021, USA
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Orli Etingin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Christine Ganzer
- Hunter-Bellevue School of Nursing, Hunter College, CUNY, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mony de Leon
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Richard Isaacson
- Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 420 East 70th, LH-404, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Roberta Diaz Brinton
- Departments of Pharmacology and Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Decades of research suggests nutritional interventions can be an effective tool for reducing risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD), especially as part of an individualized clinical management plan. This review aims to emphasize new findings examining how specific dietary changes may delay or possibly prevent AD onset, and highlight how interventions can be adopted in clinical practice based on emerging principles of precision medicine. RECENT FINDINGS Specific dietary patterns and varied nutrient combinations can have a protective effect on brain health, promote cognitive function, and mediate the comorbidity of chronic conditions associated with increased AD risk. Individuals at risk for AD may see a greater impact of evidence-based dietary changes when initiated earlier in the AD spectrum. Depending on individual clinical profiles, incorporation of nutrition strategies is an essential component of an AD risk reduction plan in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmin Amini
- Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine & New York-Presbyterian, 428 East 72th St, Suite 500, New York, NY, 10021, USA
- Department of Sociomedical Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nabeel Saif
- Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine & New York-Presbyterian, 428 East 72th St, Suite 500, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Christine Greer
- Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine & New York-Presbyterian, 428 East 72th St, Suite 500, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Hollie Hristov
- Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine & New York-Presbyterian, 428 East 72th St, Suite 500, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Richard Isaacson
- Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine & New York-Presbyterian, 428 East 72th St, Suite 500, New York, NY, 10021, USA.
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10
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Abstract
Background: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is increasingly prevalent and over 99% of drugs developed for AD have failed in clinical trials. A growing body of literature suggests that potent inhibitors of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) have potential to improve cognitive performance. Objective: In this review, we summarize the evidence regarding the potential for TNF-α inhibition to prevent AD and improve cognitive function in people at risk for dementia. Methods: We conducted a literature review in PubMed, screening all articles published before July 7, 2019 related to TNF blocking agents and curcumin (another TNF-α inhibitor) in the context of AD pathology. The keywords in the search included: AD, dementia, memory, cognition, TNF-α, TNF inhibitors, etanercept, infliximab, adalimumab, golimumab, and curcumin. Results: Three large epidemiology studies reported etanercept treated patients had 60 to 70% lower odds ratio (OR) of developing AD. Two small-randomized control trials (RCTs) demonstrated an improvement in cognitive performance for AD patients treated with etanercept. Studies using animal models of dementia also reported similar findings with TNF blocking agents (etanercept, infliximab, adalimumab, Theracurmin), which appeared to improve cognition. A small human RCT using Theracurmin, a well-absorbed form of curcumin that lowers TNF-α, showed enhanced cognitive performance and decreased brain levels of amyloid-β plaque and tau tangles. Conclusion: TNF-α targeted therapy is a biologically plausible approach to the preservation of cognition, and warrants larger prospective RCTs to further investigate potential benefits in populations at risk of developing AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - James H O'Keefe
- Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | | | - Richard Isaacson
- Alzheimer's Prevention Clinic, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gary Small
- UCLA Longevity Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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11
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Lavette LE, Miller A, Rook B, London Z, Cook C, Merkler AE, Santini V, Ruff IM, Kraakevik J, Smith D, Anderson WE, Johnson SL, Yan PZ, Sweeney J, Chamberlain A, Rogers-Baggett B, Isaacson R, Strowd RE. Education Research: NeuroBytes: A New Rapid, High-Yield e-Learning Platform for Continuing Professional Development in Neurology. Neurology 2021; 97:393-400. [PMID: 33931531 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000012133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether NeuroBytes is a helpful e-Learning tool in neurology through usage, viewer type, estimated time and cost of development, and postcourse survey responses. BACKGROUND A sustainable Continuing Professional Development (CPD) system is vital in neurology due to the field's expanding therapeutic options and vulnerable patient populations. In an effort to offer concise, evidence-based updates to a wide range of neurology professionals, the American Academy of Neurology (AAN) launched NeuroBytes in 2018. NeuroBytes are brief (<5 minutes) videos that provide high-yield updates to AAN members. METHODS NeuroBytes was beta tested from August 2018 to December 2018 and launched for pilot circulation from January 2019 to April 2019. Usage was assessed by quantifying course enrollment and completion rates; feasibility by cost and time required to design and release a module; appeal by user satisfaction; and effect by self-reported change in practice. RESULTS A total of 5,130 NeuroBytes enrollments (1,026 ± 551/mo) occurred from January 11, 2019, to May 28, 2019, with a median of 588 enrollments per module (interquartile range, 194-922) and 37% course completion. The majority of viewers were neurologists (54%), neurologists in training (26%), and students (8%). NeuroBytes took 59 hours to develop at an estimated $77.94/h. Of the 1,895 users who completed the survey, 82% were "extremely" or "very likely" to recommend NeuroBytes to a colleague and 60% agreed that the depth of educational content was "just right." CONCLUSIONS NeuroBytes is a user-friendly, easily accessible CPD product that delivers concise updates to a broad range of neurology practitioners and trainees. Future efforts will explore models where NeuroBytes combines with other CPD programs to affect quality of training and clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E Lavette
- From the Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center (L.E.L., R.E.S.), Winston-Salem, NC; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (A.M.), New York, NY; American Academy of Neurology (B.R., A.C., B.R.-B.), Minneapolis, MN; Michigan Medicine (Z.L.), Ann Arbor; Emory University (C.C.), Atlanta, GA; Weill Cornell Medicine (A.E.M., R.I.), New York, NY; Stanford University (V.S.), Palo Alto, CA; Aurora Neuroscience Innovation Institute (I.M.R.), Milwaukee, WI; Oregon Health & Science University (J.K.), Portland; Englewood Neurologists (D.S.), Denver, CO California Pacific Medical Center (W.E.A.), San Francisco; Fort Wayne Neurological Center (S.L.J.), IN; Harvard Medical School (P.Z.Y.), Boston, MA; and St. Luke's University (J.S.), Allentown, PA
| | - Alexandra Miller
- From the Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center (L.E.L., R.E.S.), Winston-Salem, NC; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (A.M.), New York, NY; American Academy of Neurology (B.R., A.C., B.R.-B.), Minneapolis, MN; Michigan Medicine (Z.L.), Ann Arbor; Emory University (C.C.), Atlanta, GA; Weill Cornell Medicine (A.E.M., R.I.), New York, NY; Stanford University (V.S.), Palo Alto, CA; Aurora Neuroscience Innovation Institute (I.M.R.), Milwaukee, WI; Oregon Health & Science University (J.K.), Portland; Englewood Neurologists (D.S.), Denver, CO California Pacific Medical Center (W.E.A.), San Francisco; Fort Wayne Neurological Center (S.L.J.), IN; Harvard Medical School (P.Z.Y.), Boston, MA; and St. Luke's University (J.S.), Allentown, PA
| | - Bobby Rook
- From the Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center (L.E.L., R.E.S.), Winston-Salem, NC; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (A.M.), New York, NY; American Academy of Neurology (B.R., A.C., B.R.-B.), Minneapolis, MN; Michigan Medicine (Z.L.), Ann Arbor; Emory University (C.C.), Atlanta, GA; Weill Cornell Medicine (A.E.M., R.I.), New York, NY; Stanford University (V.S.), Palo Alto, CA; Aurora Neuroscience Innovation Institute (I.M.R.), Milwaukee, WI; Oregon Health & Science University (J.K.), Portland; Englewood Neurologists (D.S.), Denver, CO California Pacific Medical Center (W.E.A.), San Francisco; Fort Wayne Neurological Center (S.L.J.), IN; Harvard Medical School (P.Z.Y.), Boston, MA; and St. Luke's University (J.S.), Allentown, PA
| | - Zachary London
- From the Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center (L.E.L., R.E.S.), Winston-Salem, NC; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (A.M.), New York, NY; American Academy of Neurology (B.R., A.C., B.R.-B.), Minneapolis, MN; Michigan Medicine (Z.L.), Ann Arbor; Emory University (C.C.), Atlanta, GA; Weill Cornell Medicine (A.E.M., R.I.), New York, NY; Stanford University (V.S.), Palo Alto, CA; Aurora Neuroscience Innovation Institute (I.M.R.), Milwaukee, WI; Oregon Health & Science University (J.K.), Portland; Englewood Neurologists (D.S.), Denver, CO California Pacific Medical Center (W.E.A.), San Francisco; Fort Wayne Neurological Center (S.L.J.), IN; Harvard Medical School (P.Z.Y.), Boston, MA; and St. Luke's University (J.S.), Allentown, PA
| | - Calli Cook
- From the Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center (L.E.L., R.E.S.), Winston-Salem, NC; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (A.M.), New York, NY; American Academy of Neurology (B.R., A.C., B.R.-B.), Minneapolis, MN; Michigan Medicine (Z.L.), Ann Arbor; Emory University (C.C.), Atlanta, GA; Weill Cornell Medicine (A.E.M., R.I.), New York, NY; Stanford University (V.S.), Palo Alto, CA; Aurora Neuroscience Innovation Institute (I.M.R.), Milwaukee, WI; Oregon Health & Science University (J.K.), Portland; Englewood Neurologists (D.S.), Denver, CO California Pacific Medical Center (W.E.A.), San Francisco; Fort Wayne Neurological Center (S.L.J.), IN; Harvard Medical School (P.Z.Y.), Boston, MA; and St. Luke's University (J.S.), Allentown, PA
| | - Alexander E Merkler
- From the Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center (L.E.L., R.E.S.), Winston-Salem, NC; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (A.M.), New York, NY; American Academy of Neurology (B.R., A.C., B.R.-B.), Minneapolis, MN; Michigan Medicine (Z.L.), Ann Arbor; Emory University (C.C.), Atlanta, GA; Weill Cornell Medicine (A.E.M., R.I.), New York, NY; Stanford University (V.S.), Palo Alto, CA; Aurora Neuroscience Innovation Institute (I.M.R.), Milwaukee, WI; Oregon Health & Science University (J.K.), Portland; Englewood Neurologists (D.S.), Denver, CO California Pacific Medical Center (W.E.A.), San Francisco; Fort Wayne Neurological Center (S.L.J.), IN; Harvard Medical School (P.Z.Y.), Boston, MA; and St. Luke's University (J.S.), Allentown, PA
| | - Veronica Santini
- From the Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center (L.E.L., R.E.S.), Winston-Salem, NC; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (A.M.), New York, NY; American Academy of Neurology (B.R., A.C., B.R.-B.), Minneapolis, MN; Michigan Medicine (Z.L.), Ann Arbor; Emory University (C.C.), Atlanta, GA; Weill Cornell Medicine (A.E.M., R.I.), New York, NY; Stanford University (V.S.), Palo Alto, CA; Aurora Neuroscience Innovation Institute (I.M.R.), Milwaukee, WI; Oregon Health & Science University (J.K.), Portland; Englewood Neurologists (D.S.), Denver, CO California Pacific Medical Center (W.E.A.), San Francisco; Fort Wayne Neurological Center (S.L.J.), IN; Harvard Medical School (P.Z.Y.), Boston, MA; and St. Luke's University (J.S.), Allentown, PA
| | - Ilana Marie Ruff
- From the Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center (L.E.L., R.E.S.), Winston-Salem, NC; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (A.M.), New York, NY; American Academy of Neurology (B.R., A.C., B.R.-B.), Minneapolis, MN; Michigan Medicine (Z.L.), Ann Arbor; Emory University (C.C.), Atlanta, GA; Weill Cornell Medicine (A.E.M., R.I.), New York, NY; Stanford University (V.S.), Palo Alto, CA; Aurora Neuroscience Innovation Institute (I.M.R.), Milwaukee, WI; Oregon Health & Science University (J.K.), Portland; Englewood Neurologists (D.S.), Denver, CO California Pacific Medical Center (W.E.A.), San Francisco; Fort Wayne Neurological Center (S.L.J.), IN; Harvard Medical School (P.Z.Y.), Boston, MA; and St. Luke's University (J.S.), Allentown, PA
| | - Jeff Kraakevik
- From the Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center (L.E.L., R.E.S.), Winston-Salem, NC; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (A.M.), New York, NY; American Academy of Neurology (B.R., A.C., B.R.-B.), Minneapolis, MN; Michigan Medicine (Z.L.), Ann Arbor; Emory University (C.C.), Atlanta, GA; Weill Cornell Medicine (A.E.M., R.I.), New York, NY; Stanford University (V.S.), Palo Alto, CA; Aurora Neuroscience Innovation Institute (I.M.R.), Milwaukee, WI; Oregon Health & Science University (J.K.), Portland; Englewood Neurologists (D.S.), Denver, CO California Pacific Medical Center (W.E.A.), San Francisco; Fort Wayne Neurological Center (S.L.J.), IN; Harvard Medical School (P.Z.Y.), Boston, MA; and St. Luke's University (J.S.), Allentown, PA
| | - Don Smith
- From the Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center (L.E.L., R.E.S.), Winston-Salem, NC; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (A.M.), New York, NY; American Academy of Neurology (B.R., A.C., B.R.-B.), Minneapolis, MN; Michigan Medicine (Z.L.), Ann Arbor; Emory University (C.C.), Atlanta, GA; Weill Cornell Medicine (A.E.M., R.I.), New York, NY; Stanford University (V.S.), Palo Alto, CA; Aurora Neuroscience Innovation Institute (I.M.R.), Milwaukee, WI; Oregon Health & Science University (J.K.), Portland; Englewood Neurologists (D.S.), Denver, CO California Pacific Medical Center (W.E.A.), San Francisco; Fort Wayne Neurological Center (S.L.J.), IN; Harvard Medical School (P.Z.Y.), Boston, MA; and St. Luke's University (J.S.), Allentown, PA
| | - Wayne E Anderson
- From the Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center (L.E.L., R.E.S.), Winston-Salem, NC; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (A.M.), New York, NY; American Academy of Neurology (B.R., A.C., B.R.-B.), Minneapolis, MN; Michigan Medicine (Z.L.), Ann Arbor; Emory University (C.C.), Atlanta, GA; Weill Cornell Medicine (A.E.M., R.I.), New York, NY; Stanford University (V.S.), Palo Alto, CA; Aurora Neuroscience Innovation Institute (I.M.R.), Milwaukee, WI; Oregon Health & Science University (J.K.), Portland; Englewood Neurologists (D.S.), Denver, CO California Pacific Medical Center (W.E.A.), San Francisco; Fort Wayne Neurological Center (S.L.J.), IN; Harvard Medical School (P.Z.Y.), Boston, MA; and St. Luke's University (J.S.), Allentown, PA
| | - Stacy L Johnson
- From the Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center (L.E.L., R.E.S.), Winston-Salem, NC; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (A.M.), New York, NY; American Academy of Neurology (B.R., A.C., B.R.-B.), Minneapolis, MN; Michigan Medicine (Z.L.), Ann Arbor; Emory University (C.C.), Atlanta, GA; Weill Cornell Medicine (A.E.M., R.I.), New York, NY; Stanford University (V.S.), Palo Alto, CA; Aurora Neuroscience Innovation Institute (I.M.R.), Milwaukee, WI; Oregon Health & Science University (J.K.), Portland; Englewood Neurologists (D.S.), Denver, CO California Pacific Medical Center (W.E.A.), San Francisco; Fort Wayne Neurological Center (S.L.J.), IN; Harvard Medical School (P.Z.Y.), Boston, MA; and St. Luke's University (J.S.), Allentown, PA
| | - Peter Z Yan
- From the Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center (L.E.L., R.E.S.), Winston-Salem, NC; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (A.M.), New York, NY; American Academy of Neurology (B.R., A.C., B.R.-B.), Minneapolis, MN; Michigan Medicine (Z.L.), Ann Arbor; Emory University (C.C.), Atlanta, GA; Weill Cornell Medicine (A.E.M., R.I.), New York, NY; Stanford University (V.S.), Palo Alto, CA; Aurora Neuroscience Innovation Institute (I.M.R.), Milwaukee, WI; Oregon Health & Science University (J.K.), Portland; Englewood Neurologists (D.S.), Denver, CO California Pacific Medical Center (W.E.A.), San Francisco; Fort Wayne Neurological Center (S.L.J.), IN; Harvard Medical School (P.Z.Y.), Boston, MA; and St. Luke's University (J.S.), Allentown, PA
| | - Joan Sweeney
- From the Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center (L.E.L., R.E.S.), Winston-Salem, NC; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (A.M.), New York, NY; American Academy of Neurology (B.R., A.C., B.R.-B.), Minneapolis, MN; Michigan Medicine (Z.L.), Ann Arbor; Emory University (C.C.), Atlanta, GA; Weill Cornell Medicine (A.E.M., R.I.), New York, NY; Stanford University (V.S.), Palo Alto, CA; Aurora Neuroscience Innovation Institute (I.M.R.), Milwaukee, WI; Oregon Health & Science University (J.K.), Portland; Englewood Neurologists (D.S.), Denver, CO California Pacific Medical Center (W.E.A.), San Francisco; Fort Wayne Neurological Center (S.L.J.), IN; Harvard Medical School (P.Z.Y.), Boston, MA; and St. Luke's University (J.S.), Allentown, PA
| | - Amanda Chamberlain
- From the Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center (L.E.L., R.E.S.), Winston-Salem, NC; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (A.M.), New York, NY; American Academy of Neurology (B.R., A.C., B.R.-B.), Minneapolis, MN; Michigan Medicine (Z.L.), Ann Arbor; Emory University (C.C.), Atlanta, GA; Weill Cornell Medicine (A.E.M., R.I.), New York, NY; Stanford University (V.S.), Palo Alto, CA; Aurora Neuroscience Innovation Institute (I.M.R.), Milwaukee, WI; Oregon Health & Science University (J.K.), Portland; Englewood Neurologists (D.S.), Denver, CO California Pacific Medical Center (W.E.A.), San Francisco; Fort Wayne Neurological Center (S.L.J.), IN; Harvard Medical School (P.Z.Y.), Boston, MA; and St. Luke's University (J.S.), Allentown, PA
| | - Beth Rogers-Baggett
- From the Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center (L.E.L., R.E.S.), Winston-Salem, NC; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (A.M.), New York, NY; American Academy of Neurology (B.R., A.C., B.R.-B.), Minneapolis, MN; Michigan Medicine (Z.L.), Ann Arbor; Emory University (C.C.), Atlanta, GA; Weill Cornell Medicine (A.E.M., R.I.), New York, NY; Stanford University (V.S.), Palo Alto, CA; Aurora Neuroscience Innovation Institute (I.M.R.), Milwaukee, WI; Oregon Health & Science University (J.K.), Portland; Englewood Neurologists (D.S.), Denver, CO California Pacific Medical Center (W.E.A.), San Francisco; Fort Wayne Neurological Center (S.L.J.), IN; Harvard Medical School (P.Z.Y.), Boston, MA; and St. Luke's University (J.S.), Allentown, PA
| | - Richard Isaacson
- From the Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center (L.E.L., R.E.S.), Winston-Salem, NC; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (A.M.), New York, NY; American Academy of Neurology (B.R., A.C., B.R.-B.), Minneapolis, MN; Michigan Medicine (Z.L.), Ann Arbor; Emory University (C.C.), Atlanta, GA; Weill Cornell Medicine (A.E.M., R.I.), New York, NY; Stanford University (V.S.), Palo Alto, CA; Aurora Neuroscience Innovation Institute (I.M.R.), Milwaukee, WI; Oregon Health & Science University (J.K.), Portland; Englewood Neurologists (D.S.), Denver, CO California Pacific Medical Center (W.E.A.), San Francisco; Fort Wayne Neurological Center (S.L.J.), IN; Harvard Medical School (P.Z.Y.), Boston, MA; and St. Luke's University (J.S.), Allentown, PA
| | - Roy E Strowd
- From the Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center (L.E.L., R.E.S.), Winston-Salem, NC; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (A.M.), New York, NY; American Academy of Neurology (B.R., A.C., B.R.-B.), Minneapolis, MN; Michigan Medicine (Z.L.), Ann Arbor; Emory University (C.C.), Atlanta, GA; Weill Cornell Medicine (A.E.M., R.I.), New York, NY; Stanford University (V.S.), Palo Alto, CA; Aurora Neuroscience Innovation Institute (I.M.R.), Milwaukee, WI; Oregon Health & Science University (J.K.), Portland; Englewood Neurologists (D.S.), Denver, CO California Pacific Medical Center (W.E.A.), San Francisco; Fort Wayne Neurological Center (S.L.J.), IN; Harvard Medical School (P.Z.Y.), Boston, MA; and St. Luke's University (J.S.), Allentown, PA.
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Xu J, Wang F, Xu Z, Adekkanattu P, Brandt P, Jiang G, Kiefer RC, Luo Y, Mao C, Pacheco JA, Rasmussen LV, Zhang Y, Isaacson R, Pathak J. Data-driven discovery of probable Alzheimer's disease and related dementia subphenotypes using electronic health records. Learn Health Syst 2020; 4:e10246. [PMID: 33083543 PMCID: PMC7556420 DOI: 10.1002/lrh2.10246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction We sought to assess longitudinal electronic health records (EHRs) using machine learning (ML) methods to computationally derive probable Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and related dementia subphenotypes. Methods A retrospective analysis of EHR data from a cohort of 7587 patients seen at a large, multi‐specialty urban academic medical center in New York was conducted. Subphenotypes were derived using hierarchical clustering from 792 probable AD patients (cases) who had received at least one diagnosis of AD using their clinical data. The other 6795 patients, labeled as controls, were matched on age and gender with the cases and randomly selected in the ratio of 9:1. Prediction models with multiple ML algorithms were trained on this cohort using 5‐fold cross‐validation. XGBoost was used to rank the variable importance. Results Four subphenotypes were computationally derived. Subphenotype A (n = 273; 28.2%) had more patients with cardiovascular diseases; subphenotype B (n = 221; 27.9%) had more patients with mental health illnesses, such as depression and anxiety; patients in subphenotype C (n = 183; 23.1%) were overall older (mean (SD) age, 79.5 (5.4) years) and had the most comorbidities including diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and mental health disorders; and subphenotype D (n = 115; 14.5%) included patients who took anti‐dementia drugs and had sensory problems, such as deafness and hearing impairment. The 0‐year prediction model for AD risk achieved an area under the receiver operating curve (AUC) of 0.764 (SD: 0.02); the 6‐month model, 0.751 (SD: 0.02); the 1‐year model, 0.752 (SD: 0.02); the 2‐year model, 0.749 (SD: 0.03); and the 3‐year model, 0.735 (SD: 0.03), respectively. Based on variable importance, the top‐ranked comorbidities included depression, stroke/transient ischemic attack, hypertension, anxiety, mobility impairments, and atrial fibrillation. The top‐ranked medications included anti‐dementia drugs, antipsychotics, antiepileptics, and antidepressants. Conclusions Four subphenotypes were computationally derived that correlated with cardiovascular diseases and mental health illnesses. ML algorithms based on patient demographics, diagnosis, and treatment demonstrated promising results in predicting the risk of developing AD at different time points across an individual's lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Xu
- Department of Population Health Sciences Information Technologies and Services, Weill Cornell Medicine New York New York USA
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Population Health Sciences Information Technologies and Services, Weill Cornell Medicine New York New York USA
| | - Zhenxing Xu
- Department of Population Health Sciences Information Technologies and Services, Weill Cornell Medicine New York New York USA
| | - Prakash Adekkanattu
- Information Technologies and Services, Weill Cornell Medicine New York New York USA
| | - Pascal Brandt
- Biomedical Informatics and Medical Education University of Washington Seattle Washington USA
| | - Guoqian Jiang
- Department of Health Sciences Research Mayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota USA
| | - Richard C Kiefer
- Department of Health Sciences Research Mayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota USA
| | - Yuan Luo
- Feinberg School of Medicine Northwestern University Chicago Illinois USA
| | - Chengsheng Mao
- Feinberg School of Medicine Northwestern University Chicago Illinois USA
| | - Jennifer A Pacheco
- Feinberg School of Medicine Northwestern University Chicago Illinois USA
| | - Luke V Rasmussen
- Feinberg School of Medicine Northwestern University Chicago Illinois USA
| | - Yiye Zhang
- Department of Population Health Sciences Information Technologies and Services, Weill Cornell Medicine New York New York USA
| | - Richard Isaacson
- Department of Population Health Sciences Information Technologies and Services, Weill Cornell Medicine New York New York USA
| | - Jyotishman Pathak
- Department of Population Health Sciences Information Technologies and Services, Weill Cornell Medicine New York New York USA
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Isaacson R, Saif N. A Missed Opportunity for Dementia Prevention? Current Challenges for Early Detection and Modern-Day Solutions. J Prev Alzheimers Dis 2020; 7:291-293. [PMID: 32920633 DOI: 10.14283/jpad.2020.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The path towards developing effective therapeutics to either cure or prevent the onset of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and related neurodegenerative dementias has been plagued by challenges. Nevertheless, innovative treatments and clinical frameworks that represent our current understanding of the trajectory of disease may help to reduce morbidity, or delay symptom onset, for patients in the pre-dementia stages. Late-life AD dementia develops over an extended period, first as an asymptomatic phase referred to as preclinical AD, which affects an estimated 46 million people in the United States alone (1). Following preclinical AD is the first symptomatic phase known as mild cognitive impairment (MCI) due to AD. Collectively, both stages offer a unique chance for early intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Isaacson
- Richard S. Isaacson, MD, Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine and NewYork-Presbyterian, 428 e 72nd Street, Suite 400, New York, NY, 10021, USA.
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Grimsley-Myers C, Isaacson R, Cadwell C, Campos J, Hernandes M, Myers K, Seo T, Giang W, Griendling K, Kowalczyk A. 180 VE-cadherin endocytosis controls vascular integrity and patterning during development. J Invest Dermatol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2020.03.184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Seifan A, Ganzer CA, Vermeylen F, Parry S, Zhu J, Lyons A, Isaacson R, Kim S. Development and validation of the Alzheimer's prevention beliefs measure in a multi-ethnic cohort-a behavioral theory approach. J Public Health (Oxf) 2019; 39:863-873. [PMID: 28069993 DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdw145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Understanding health beliefs and how they influence willingness will enable the development of targeted curricula that maximize public engagement in Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk reduction behaviors. Methods Literature on behavioral theory and community input was used to develop and validate a health beliefs survey about AD risk reduction among 428 community-dwelling adults. Principal component analysis was performed to assess internal consistency. Linear regression was performed to identify key predictors of Willingness to engage in AD risk reduction behaviors. Results The measure as well as the individual scales (Benefits, Barriers, Severity, Susceptibility and Social Norm) were found to be internally consistent. Overall, as Benefits and Barriers scores increased, Willingness scores also increased. Those without prior AD experience or family history had lower willingness scores. Finally, we observed an interaction between age and norms, suggesting that social factors related to AD prevention may differentially affect people of different ages. Conclusions The Alzheimer Prevention Beliefs Measure provides assessment of several health belief factors related to AD prevention. Age, Family History, Logistical Barriers and total Benefits are significant determinants of willingness to engage in AD risk reduction behaviors, such as seeing a doctor or making a lifestyle change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alon Seifan
- Department of Neurology, Division of Memory Disorders, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medical College, 525 East 68th Street, F-610, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Christine A Ganzer
- Hunter-Bellevue School of Nursing, Hunter College 425 E 25th Street, Rm 429, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Francoise Vermeylen
- College of Human Ecology, Division of Nutritional Science, Cornell University, 170 Martha Van Rensselaer Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853-4401, USA
| | - Stephen Parry
- College of Human Ecology, Division of Nutritional Science, Cornell University, 170 Martha Van Rensselaer Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853-4401, USA
| | - Jifeng Zhu
- Weill Cornell Medicine, Clinical and Translational Science Center, 407 East 61st Street, second Floor RR-214, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Abigail Lyons
- Weill Cornell Medicine, Clinical and Translational Science Center, 407 East 61st Street, second Floor RR-214, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Richard Isaacson
- Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, 525 East 68th Street, F-616, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Sarang Kim
- Australian National University College of Medicine Biology and Environment, Centre for Research on Aging, Health & Wellbeing, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
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Kim BR, Shin J, Guevarra R, Lee JH, Kim DW, Seol KH, Lee JH, Kim HB, Isaacson R. Deciphering Diversity Indices for a Better Understanding of Microbial Communities. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 27:2089-2093. [PMID: 29032640 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.1709.09027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 406] [Impact Index Per Article: 81.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The past decades have been a golden era during which great tasks were accomplished in the field of microbiology, including food microbiology. In the past, culture-dependent methods have been the primary choice to investigate bacterial diversity. However, using cultureindependent high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA genes has greatly facilitated studies exploring the microbial compositions and dynamics associated with health and diseases. These culture-independent DNA-based studies generate large-scale data sets that describe the microbial composition of a certain niche. Consequently, understanding microbial diversity becomes of greater importance when investigating the composition, function, and dynamics of the microbiota associated with health and diseases. Even though there is no general agreement on which diversity index is the best to use, diversity indices have been used to compare the diversity among samples and between treatments with controls. Tools such as the Shannon- Weaver index and Simpson index can be used to describe population diversity in samples. The purpose of this review is to explain the principles of diversity indices, such as Shannon- Weaver and Simpson, to aid general microbiologists in better understanding bacterial communities. In this review, important questions concerning microbial diversity are addressed. Information from this review should facilitate evidence-based strategies to explore microbial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Ra Kim
- Department of Animal Resources Science, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwon Shin
- Department of Animal Resources Science, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Robin Guevarra
- Department of Animal Resources Science, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Hyung Lee
- Department of Animal Resources Science, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Doo Wan Kim
- National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Kuk-Hwan Seol
- National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Hoon Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Institute of Life Science and Resources, Kyung Hee University, Youngin 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeun Bum Kim
- Department of Animal Resources Science, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Richard Isaacson
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
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Grimsley-Myers C, Cadwell C, Isaacson R, Campos J, Giang W, Kowalczyk A. 864 VE-cadherin internalization coordinates endothelial cell functions during vascular development. J Invest Dermatol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2018.03.875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Kim S, Isaacson R. KNOWLEDGE, BELIEFS, AND WILLINGNESS: INGREDIENTS TO PREVENT ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE. Innov Aging 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igx004.650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S. Kim
- Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia,
| | - R. Isaacson
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
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Walker JQ, Keine D, Caesar EE, Hristov H, Hackett K, Isaacson R. [P2–584]: COMPARING CLINICALLY BASED VERSUS ALGORITHM‐GENERATED INTERVENTIONS IN THE CONTEXT OF ALZHEIMER's DISEASE (AD) PREVENTION. Alzheimers Dement 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2017.06.1243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Chiang GC, Mao X, Kang G, Chang E, Pandya S, Vallabhajosula S, Isaacson R, Ravdin LD, Shungu DC. Relationships among Cortical Glutathione Levels, Brain Amyloidosis, and Memory in Healthy Older Adults Investigated In Vivo with 1H-MRS and Pittsburgh Compound-B PET. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2017; 38:1130-1137. [PMID: 28341718 PMCID: PMC5471116 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a5143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Oxidative stress has been implicated as an important pathologic mechanism in the development of Alzheimer disease. The purpose of this study was to assess whether glutathione levels, detected noninvasively with proton MR spectroscopy, are associated with brain amyloidosis and memory in a community-dwelling cohort of healthy older adults. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifteen cognitively healthy subjects were prospectively enrolled in this study. All subjects underwent 1H-MR spectroscopy of glutathione, a positron-emission tomography scan with an amyloid tracer, and neuropsychological testing by using the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status. Associations among glutathione levels, brain amyloidosis, and memory were assessed by using multivariate regression models. RESULTS Lower glutathione levels were associated with greater brain amyloidosis in the temporal (P = .03) and parietal (P = .05) regions, adjusted for apolipoprotein E ε4 carrier status. There were no significant associations between glutathione levels and cognitive scores. CONCLUSIONS This study found an association between cortical glutathione levels and brain amyloidosis in healthy older adults, suggesting a potential role for 1H-MR spectroscopy measures of glutathione as a noninvasive biomarker of early Alzheimer disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- G C Chiang
- From the Departments of Radiology (G.C.C., X.M., G.K., E.C., S.P., S.V., D.C.S.)
| | - X Mao
- From the Departments of Radiology (G.C.C., X.M., G.K., E.C., S.P., S.V., D.C.S.)
| | - G Kang
- From the Departments of Radiology (G.C.C., X.M., G.K., E.C., S.P., S.V., D.C.S.)
| | - E Chang
- From the Departments of Radiology (G.C.C., X.M., G.K., E.C., S.P., S.V., D.C.S.)
| | - S Pandya
- From the Departments of Radiology (G.C.C., X.M., G.K., E.C., S.P., S.V., D.C.S.)
| | - S Vallabhajosula
- From the Departments of Radiology (G.C.C., X.M., G.K., E.C., S.P., S.V., D.C.S.)
| | - R Isaacson
- Neurology (R.I., L.D.R.), Weill Cornell Medical College, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York
| | - L D Ravdin
- Neurology (R.I., L.D.R.), Weill Cornell Medical College, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York
| | - D C Shungu
- From the Departments of Radiology (G.C.C., X.M., G.K., E.C., S.P., S.V., D.C.S.)
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Chiang GC, Chang E, Pandya S, Kuceyeski A, Hu J, Isaacson R, Ganzer C, Schulman A, Sobel V, Vallabhajosula S, Ravdin L. Cognitive deficits in non-demented diabetic elderly appear independent of brain amyloidosis. J Neurol Sci 2016; 372:85-91. [PMID: 28017255 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2016.11.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Revised: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To determine the effects of Type 2 diabetes (DM2) on levels of brain amyloidosis and cognition in a community-dwelling cohort of nondemented elderly individuals. METHODS 33 subjects (16 DM2, 17 nondiabetic) were prospectively recruited. Subjects underwent a PET scan using the amyloid tracer, Pittsburgh Compound B, and a neuropsychological evaluation. Associations between DM2, brain amyloidosis, and cognition were assessed using multivariate regressions, adjusting for age and APOE4 status. RESULTS DM2 subjects had lower global cognitive function (p=0.018), as measured by the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status. There was no difference in brain amyloidosis between groups (p=0.25). CONCLUSIONS Community-dwelling, nondemented individuals with DM2 had greater cognitive deficits, which do not appear to be mediated by brain amyloidosis. Further studies exploring potential mediators of these cognitive deficits should be performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria C Chiang
- Department of Radiology, Division of Neuroradiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, United States.
| | - Eileen Chang
- Department of Radiology, Division of Neuroradiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, United States
| | - Sneha Pandya
- Department of Radiology, Division of Neuroradiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, United States
| | - Amy Kuceyeski
- Department of Radiology, Division of Neuroradiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, United States
| | - James Hu
- Department of Radiology, Division of Neuroradiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, United States
| | - Richard Isaacson
- Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medical College, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, United States
| | - Christine Ganzer
- Department of Nursing, Hunter-Bellevue School of Nursing, New York, NY, United States
| | - Aaron Schulman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Weill Cornell Medical College, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, United States
| | - Vivian Sobel
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Weill Cornell Medical College, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, United States
| | - Shankar Vallabhajosula
- Department of Radiology, Division of Neuroradiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, United States
| | | | - Lisa Ravdin
- Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medical College, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, United States
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Seifan A, Schelke M, Obeng-Aduasare Y, Isaacson R. Early Life Epidemiology of Alzheimer's Disease--A Critical Review. Neuroepidemiology 2015; 45:237-54. [PMID: 26501691 DOI: 10.1159/000439568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As adult brain structure is primarily established in early life, genetic and environmental exposures in infancy and childhood influence the risk for Alzheimer disease (AD). In this systematic review, we identified several early life risk factors and discussed the evidence and underlying mechanism for each. SUMMARY Early risk factors for AD may alter brain anatomy, causing vulnerability to AD-related dementia later in life. In the perinatal period, both genes and learning disabilities have been associated with the development of distinct AD phenotypes. During early childhood, education and intellect, as well as body growth, may predispose to AD through alterations in cognitive and brain reserve, though the specific mediators of neural injury are disputed. Childhood socioeconomic status (SES) may predispose to AD by influencing adult SES and cognition. Association of these risk factors with underlying AD pathology (rather than just clinical diagnosis) has not been sufficiently examined. KEY MESSAGES Factors that impede or alter brain growth during early life could render certain brain regions or networks selectively vulnerable to the onset, accumulation or spread of AD-related pathology during later life. Careful life-course epidemiology could provide clues as to why the brain systematically degenerates during AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alon Seifan
- Alzheimer Prevention Clinic and Memory Disorders Program, Department of Neurology Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, N.Y., USA
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Seifan A, Isaacson R. The Alzheimer's Prevention Clinic at Weill Cornell Medical College / New York - Presbyterian Hospital: Risk Stratification and Personalized Early Intervention. J Prev Alzheimers Dis 2015; 2:254-266. [PMID: 28529933 DOI: 10.14283/jpad.2015.81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In July 2013, Weill Cornell Medical College founded the first Alzheimer's Prevention Clinic (APC) in the United States, providing direct clinical care to family members of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) as part of the Weill Cornell Memory Disorders Program. At the APC, patients seeking to lower their AD risk undergo a comprehensive assessment, receive a personalized plan based on rapidly evolving scientific evidence, and are followed over time using validated as well as emerging clinical and research technologies. The APC approach applies the principles of pharmacogenomics, nutrigenomics and clinical precision medicine, to tailor individualized therapies for patients. Longitudinal measures currently assessed in the clinic include anthropometrics, cognition, blood biomarkers (i.e., lipid, inflammatory, metabolic, nutritional) and genetics, as well as validated, self-reported measures that enable patients to track several aspects of health-related quality of life. Patients are educated on the fundamental concepts of AD prevention via an interactive online course hosted on Alzheimer's Universe (www.AlzU.org), which also contains several activities including validated computer-based cognitive testing. The primary goal of the APC is to employ preventative measures that lower modifiable AD risk, possibly leading to a delay in onset of future symptoms. Our secondary goal is to establish a cohort of at-risk individuals who will be primed to participate in future AD prevention trials as disease-modifying agents emerge for testing at earlier stages of the AD process. The clinical services are intended to lower concern for future disease by giving patients a greater sense of control over their brain health.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Seifan
- Department of Neurology, Division of Memory Disorders, Weill Cornell Medical College / New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - R Isaacson
- Department of Neurology, Division of Memory Disorders, Weill Cornell Medical College / New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
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Alva G, Isaacson R, Sadowsky C, Grossberg G, Meng X, Somogyi M. Efficacy of higher-dose 13.3 mg/24 h (15 cm2) rivastigmine patch on the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-cognitive subscale: domain and individual item analysis. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2014; 29:920-7. [PMID: 24549933 DOI: 10.1002/gps.4080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Rivastigmine displays dose-dependent efficacy on cognition in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), as measured by the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-cognitive subscale (ADAS-cog). Subanalysis of the OPTIMA (OPtimising Transdermal Exelon In Mild-to-moderate Alzheimer's disease) study aimed to define ADAS-cog domains by factor analysis of individual items. Efficacy of 13.3 mg/24 h versus 9.5 mg/24 h rivastigmine patch on individual items and newly derived domains was assessed. METHODS OPTIMA was a 48-week, double-blind (DB) study in patients with mild-to-moderate AD. Patients meeting pre-defined decline criteria during open-label treatment with 9.5 mg/24 h patch were randomized in the DB phase to 13.3 mg/24 h (n = 280) or 9.5 mg/24 h (n = 287) patch. ADAS-cog change from baseline was a co-primary outcome measure. Factor analysis categorized ADAS-cog items into newly derived domains. Change from DB-baseline was calculated for domains and individual items. RESULTS Numerically, less decline was displayed with 13.3 mg/24 h versus 9.5 mg/24 h patch in the total ADAS-cog score at all time points (significant at Week 24, p = 0.027). Factor analysis identified two domains: memory and language. Significantly, less decline was observed on the memory domain with 13.3 mg/24 h versus 9.5 mg/24 h patch at Weeks 12, 24, and 48 (p < 0.05; observed cases). Three items (following commands, orientation, and word recognition) displayed numerically less decline with 13.3 mg/24 h versus 9.5 mg/24 h patch at all time points. No significant between-group differences were observed on the language domain. CONCLUSION Results suggest that the greater cognitive efficacy of 13.3 mg/24 h versus 9.5 mg/24 h rivastigmine patch is driven primarily by effects on memory, particularly in the areas of following commands, orientation, and word recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carly Oboudiyat
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Hilary Glazer
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Alon Seifan
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York
| | - Christine Greer
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Richard Isaacson
- Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
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Fajardo M, Isaacson R. Age-Related Memory Loss and Alzheimer's Disease: A Randomized, Web-Based Educational Intervention Study (P07.229). Neurology 2012. [DOI: 10.1212/wnl.78.1_meetingabstracts.p07.229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Seifan A, Mandigo M, Jozefowicz R, Price R, Galetta S, Jaffer A, Symes S, Safdieh J, Tarulli A, Isaacson R. EMR-Driven Medical Education: A Multi-Institutional Study of Clinician Perspectives (S17.006). Neurology 2012. [DOI: 10.1212/wnl.78.1_meetingabstracts.s17.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Perez-Pomares JM, Ruiz-Villalba A, Ziogas A, Segovia JC, Ehrbar M, Munoz-Chapuli R, De La Rosa A, Dominguez JN, Hove-Madsen L, Sankova B, Sedmera D, Franco D, Aranega Jimenez A, Babaeva G, Chizh N, Galchenko S, Sandomirsky B, Schwarzl M, Seiler S, Steendijk P, Huber S, Maechler H, Truschnig-Wilders M, Pieske B, Post H, Simrick S, Kreutzer R, Rao C, Terracciano CM, Kirchhof P, Fabritz L, Brand T, Theveniau-Ruissy M, Parisot P, Francou A, Saint-Michel E, Mesbah K, Kelly RG, Wu HT, Sie SS, Chen CY, Kuan TC, Lin CS, Ismailoglu Z, Guven M, Yakici A, Ata Y, Ozcan S, Yildirim E, Ongen Z, Miroshnikova V, Demina E, Rodygina T, Kurjanov P, Denisenko A, Schwarzman A, Rubanenko A, Shchukin Y, Germanov A, Goldbergova M, Parenica J, Lipkova J, Pavek N, Kala P, Poloczek M, Vasku A, Parenicova I, Spinar J, Gambacciani C, Chiavacci E, Evangelista M, Vesentini N, Kusmic C, Pitto L, Chernova A, Nikulina SUY, Arvanitis DA, Mourouzis I, Pantos C, Kranias EG, Cokkinos DV, Sanoudou D, Vladimirskaya TE, Shved IA, Kryvorot SG, Schirmer IM, Appukuttan A, Pott L, Jaquet K, Ladilov Y, Archer CR, Bootman MD, Roderick HL, Fusco A, Sorriento D, Santulli G, Trimarco B, Iaccarino G, Hagenmueller M, Riffel J, Gatzoulis MA, Stoupel EG, Garcia R, Merino D, Montalvo C, Hurle MA, Nistal JF, Villar AV, Perez-Moreno A, Gilabert R, Bernhold E, Ros E, Amat-Roldan I, Katus HA, Hardt SE, Maqsood A, Zi M, Prehar S, Neyses L, Ray S, Oceandy D, Khatami N, Wadowski P, Wagh V, Hescheler J, Sachinidis A, Mohl W, Chaudhry B, Burns D, Henderson DJ, Bax NAM, Van Marion MH, Shah B, Goumans MJ, Bouten CVC, Van Der Schaft DWJ, Bax NAM, Van Oorschot AAM, Maas S, Braun J, Van Tuyn J, De Vries AAF, Gittenberger-De Groot AC, Goumans MJ, Bageghni S, Drinkhill MJ, Batten TFC, Ainscough JFX, Onate B, Vilahur G, Ferrer-Lorente R, Ybarra J, Diez-Caballero A, Ballesta-Lopez C, Moscatiello F, Herrero J, Badimon L, Martin-Rendon E, Clifford DM, Fisher SA, Brusnkill SJ, Doree C, Mathur A, Clarke M, Watt SM, Hernandez-Vera R, Badimon L, Kavanagh D, Yemm AI, Frampton J, Kalia N, Terajima Y, Shimizu T, Tsuruyama S, Ishii H, Sekine H, Hagiwara N, Okano T, Vrijsen KR, Chamuleau SAJ, Sluijter JPG, Doevendans PFM, Madonna R, Delli Pizzi S, Di Donato L, Mariotti A, Di Carlo L, D'ugo E, Teberino MA, Merla A, T A, De Caterina R, Kolker L, Ali NN, Maclellan K, Moore M, Wheeler J, Harding SE, Fleck RA, Rowlinson JM, Kraenkel N, Ascione R, Madeddu P, O'sullivan JF, Leblond AL, Kelly G, Kumar AHS, Metharom P, Buneker CK, Alizadeh-Vikali N, Hynes BG, O'connor R, Caplice NM, Noseda M, De Smith AJ, Leja T, Rao PH, Al-Beidh F, Abreu Pavia MS, Blakemore AI, Schneider MD, Stathopoulou K, Cuello F, Ehler E, Haworth RS, Avkiran M, Morawietz H, Eickholt C, Langbein H, Brux M, Goettsch C, Goettsch W, Arsov A, Brunssen C, Mazilu L, Parepa IR, Suceveanu AI, Suceveanu AP, De Man FS, Guignabert C, Tu L, Handoko ML, Schalij I, Fadel E, Postmus PE, Vonk-Noordegraaf A, Humbert M, Eddahibi S, Sorriento D, Santulli G, Del Giudice C, Anastasio A, Trimarco B, Iaccarino G, Fazal L, Azibani F, Bihry N, Merval R, Polidano E, Samuel JL, Delcayre C, Zhang Y, Mi YM, Ren LL, Cheng YP, Guo R, Liu Y, Jiang YN, Mourouzis I, Pantos C, Kokkinos AD, Cokkinos DV, Tretjakovs P, Jurka A, Bormane I, Mikelsone I, Reihmane D, Elksne K, Krievina G, Verbovenko J, Bahs G, Lopez-Andres N, Rousseau A, Calvier L, Akhtar R, Labat C, Cruickshank K, Diez J, Zannad F, Lacolley P, Rossignol P, Hamesch K, Subramanian P, Li X, Thiemann A, Heyll K, Dembowsky K, Chevalier E, Weber C, Schober A, Yang L, Kim G, Gardner B, Earley J, Hofmann-Bowman M, Cheng CF, Lian WS, Lin H, Jinjolia NJ, Abuladze GA, Tvalchrelidze SHT, Khamnagadaev I, Shkolnikova M, Kokov L, Miklashevich I, Drozdov I, Ilyich I, Bingen BO, Askar SFA, Ypey DL, Van Der Laarse A, Schalij MJ, Pijnappels DA, Roney CH, Ng FS, Chowdhury RA, Chang ETY, Patel PM, Lyon AR, Siggers JH, Peters NS, Obergrussberger A, Stoelzle S, Bruggemann A, Haarmann C, George M, Fertig N, Moreira D, Souza A, Valente P, Kornej J, Reihardt C, Kosiuk J, Arya A, Hindricks G, Adams V, Husser D, Bollmann A, Camelliti P, Dudhia J, Dias P, Cartledge J, Connolly DJ, Terracciano CM, Nobles M, Sebastian S, Tinker A, Opel A, Tinker A, Daimi H, Haj Khelil A, Be Chibani J, Barana A, Amoros I, Gonzalez De La Fuente M, Caballero R, Aranega A, Franco D, Kelly A, Bernus O, Kemi OJ, Myles RC, Ghouri IA, Burton FL, Smith GL, Del Lungo M, Sartiani L, Spinelli V, Baruscotti M, Difrancesco D, Mugelli A, Cerbai E, Thomas AM, Aziz Q, Khambra T, Tinker A, Addlestone JMA, Cartwright EJ, Wilkinson R, Song W, Marston S, Jacquet A, Mougenot NM, Lipskaia AJ, Paalberends ER, Stam K, Van Dijk SJ, Van Slegtenhorst M, Dos Remedios C, Ten Cate FJ, Michels M, Niessen HWM, Stienen GJM, Van Der Velden J, Read MI, Andreianova AA, Harrison JC, Goulton CS, Kerr DS, Sammut IA, Schwarzl M, Seiler S, Wallner M, Huber S, Steendijk P, Maechler H, Truschnig-Wilders M, Von Lewinski D, Pieske B, Post H, Kindsvater D, Saes M, Morano I, Muegge A, Jaquet K, Buyandelger B, Kostin S, Gunkel S, Vouffo J, Ng K, Chen J, Eilers M, Isaacson R, Milting H, Knoell R, Cattin ME, Crocini C, Schlossarek S, Maron S, Hansen A, Eschenhagen T, Carrier L, Bonne G, Coppini R, Ferrantini C, Olivotto I, Del Lungo M, Belardinelli L, Poggesi C, Mugelli A, Cerbai E, Leung MC, Messer AE, Copeland O, Marston SB, Mills AM, Collins T, O'gara P, Thum T, Regalla K, Lyon AR, Macleod KT, Harding SE, Rao C, Prodromakis T, Chaudhry U, Darzi A, Yacoub MH, Athanasiou T, Terracciano CM, Bogdanova A, Makhro A, Hoydal M, Stolen TO, Johnssen AB, Alves M, Catalucci D, Condorelli G, Koch LG, Britton SL, Smith GL, Wisloff U, Bito V, Claus P, Vermeulen K, Huysmans C, Ventura-Clapier R, Sipido KR, Seliuk MN, Burlaka AP, Sidorik EP, Khaitovych NV, Kozachok MM, Potaskalova VS, Driesen RB, Galan DT, Vermeulen K, Claus P, Sipido KR, De Paulis D, Arnoux T, Schaller S, Pruss RM, Poitz DM, Augstein A, Braun-Dullaeus RC, Schmeisser A, Strasser RH, Micova P, Balkova P, Hlavackova M, Zurmanova J, Kasparova D, Kolar F, Neckar J, Novak F, Novakova O, Pollard S, Babba M, Hussain A, James R, Maddock H, Alshehri AS, Baxter GF, Dietel B, Altendorf R, Daniel WG, Kollmar R, Garlichs CD, Sirohi R, Roberts N, Lawrence D, Sheikh A, Kolvekar S, Yap J, Arend M, Walkinshaw G, Hausenloy DJ, Yellon DM, Posa A, Szabo R, Szalai Z, Szablics P, Berko MA, Orban K, Murlasits ZS, Balogh L, Varga C, Ku HC, Su MJ, Chreih RM, Ginghina C, Deleanu D, Ferreira ALBJ, Belal A, Ali MA, Fan X, Holt A, Campbell R, Schulz R, Bonanad C, Bodi V, Sanchis J, Morales JM, Marrachelli V, Nunez J, Forteza MJ, Chaustre F, Gomez C, Chorro FJ, Csont T, Fekete V, Murlasits Z, Aypar E, Bencsik P, Sarkozy M, Varga ZV, Ferdinandy P, Duerr GD, Zoerlein M, Dewald D, Mesenholl B, Schneider P, Ghanem A, Rittling S, Welz A, Dewald O, Duerr GD, Dewald D, Becker E, Peigney C, Ghanem A, Welz A, Dewald O, Bouleti C, Galaup A, Monnot C, Ghaleh B, Germain S, Timmermans A, Ginion A, De Meester C, Sakamoto K, Vanoverschelde JL, Horman S, Beauloye C, Bertrand L, Maroz-Vadalazhskaya N, Drozd E, Kukharenko L, Russkich I, Krachak D, Seljun Y, Ostrovski Y, Martin AC, Le Bonniec B, Lecompte T, Dizier B, Emmerich J, Fischer AM, Samama CM, Godier A, Mogensen S, Furchtbauer EM, Aalkjaer C, Choong WL, Jovanovic A, Khan F, Daniel JM, Dutzmann JM, Widmer-Teske R, Guenduez D, Sedding D, Castro MM, Cena JJC, Cho WJC, Goobie GG, Walsh MPW, Schulz RS, Daniel JM, Dutzmann J, Widmer-Teske R, Preissner KT, Sedding D, Aziz Q, Khambra T, Sones W, Thomas AM, Kotlikoff M, Tinker A, Serizawa K, Yogo K, Aizawa K, Hirata M, Tashiro Y, Ishizuka N, Varela A, Katsiboulas M, Tousoulis D, Papaioannou TG, Vaina S, Davos CH, Piperi C, Stefanadis C, Basdra EK, Papavassiliou AG, Hermenegildo C, Lazaro-Franco M, Sobrino A, Bueno-Beti C, Martinez-Gil N, Walther T, Peiro C, Sanchez-Ferrer CF, Novella S, Ciccarelli M, Franco A, Sorriento D, Del Giudice C, Dorn GW, Trimarco B, Iaccarino G, Cseplo P, Torok O, Springo ZS, Vamos Z, Kosa D, Hamar J, Koller A, Bubb KJ, Ahluwalia A, Stepien EL, Gruca A, Grzybowska J, Goralska J, Dembinska-Kiec A, Stepien EL, Stolinski J, Grzybowska J, Goralska J, Partyka L, Gruca A, Dembinska-Kiec A, Zhang H, Sweeney D, Thomas GN, Fish PV, Taggart DP, Watt SM, Martin-Rendon E, Cioffi S, Bilio M, Martucciello S, Illingworth E, Caporali A, Shantikumar S, Marchetti M, Martelli F, Emanueli C, Marchetti M, Meloni M, Caporali A, Al Haj Zen A, Sala-Newby G, Emanueli C, Del Turco S, Saponaro C, Dario B, Sartini S, Menciassi A, Dario P, La Motta C, Basta G, Santiemma V, Bertone C, Rossi F, Michelon E, Bianco MJ, Castelli A, Shin DI, Seung KB, Seo SM, Park HJ, Kim PJ, Baek SH, Shin DI, Seung KB, Seo SM, Park HJ, Choi YS, Her SH, Kim DB, Kim PJ, Lee JM, Park CS, Rocchiccioli S, Cecchettini A, Pelosi G, Kusmic C, Citti L, Parodi O, Trivella MG, Michel-Monigadon D, Burger F, Dunoyer-Geindre S, Pelli G, Cravatt B, Steffens S, Didangelos A, Mayr U, Yin X, Stegemann C, Shalhoub J, Davies AH, Monaco C, Mayr M, Lypovetska S, Grytsenko S, Njerve IU, Pettersen AA, Opstad TB, Bratseth V, Arnesen H, Seljeflot I, Dumitriu IE, Baruah P, Antunes RF, Kaski JC, Forteza MJ, Bodi V, Trapero I, Benet I, Alguero C, Chaustre FJ, Gomez C, Sanchis J, Chorro FJ, Mangold A, Puthenkalam S, Distelmaier K, Adlbrecht C, Preissner KT, Lang IM, Koizumi T, Inoue I, Komiyama N, Nishimura S, Korneeva ON, Drapkina OM, Fornai L, Angelini A, Kiss A, Giskes F, Eijkel G, Fedrigo M, Valente ML, Thiene G, Heeren RMA, Vilahur G, Padro T, Casani L, Suades R, Badimon L, Bertoni B, Carminati R, Carlini V, Pettinari L, Martinelli C, Gagliano N, Noppe G, Buchlin P, Marquet N, Baeyens N, Morel N, Vanoverschelde JL, Bertrand L, Beauloye C, Horman S, Baysa A, Sagave J, Dahl CP, Gullestad L, Carpi A, Di Lisa F, Giorgio M, Vaage J, Valen G, Vafiadaki E, Papalouka V, Arvanitis DA, Terzis G, Spengos K, Kranias EG, Manta P, Sanoudou D, Gales C, Genet G, Dague E, Cazorla O, Payre B, Mias C, Ouille A, Lacampagne A, Pathak A, Senard JM, Abonnenc M, Da Costa Martins P, Srivastava S, Didangelos A, Yin X, Gautel M, De Windt L, Mayr M, Comelli L, Rocchiccioli S, Lande C, Ucciferri N, Trivella MG, Citti L, Cecchettini A, Ikonen L, Vuorenpaa H, Kujala K, Sarkanen JR, Heinonen T, Ylikomi T, Aalto-Setala K, Capros H, Sprincean N, Usurelu N, Egorov V, Stratu N, Matchkov V, Bouzinova E, Moeller-Nielsen N, Wiborg O, Aalkjaer C, Gutierrez PS, Aparecida-Silva R, Borges LF, Moreira LFP, Dias RR, Kalil J, Stolf NAG, Zhou W, Suntharalingam K, Brand N, Vilar Compte R, Ying L, Bicknell K, Dannoura A, Dash P, Brooks G, Tsimafeyeu I, Tishova Y, Wynn N, Oyeyipo IP, Olatunji LA, Maegdefessel L, Azuma J, Toh R, Raaz U, Merk DR, Deng A, Spin JM, Tsao PS, Lande C, Cecchettini A, Tedeschi L, Taranta M, Naldi I, Citti L, Trivella MG, Grimaldi S, Cinti C, Bousquenaud M, Maskali F, Poussier S, Marie PY, Boutley H, Karcher G, Wagner DR, Devaux Y, Torre I, Psilodimitrakopoulos S, Iruretagoiena I, Gonzalez-Tendero A, Artigas D, Loza-Alvarez P, Gratacos E, Amat-Roldan I, Murray L, Carberry DM, Dunton P, Miles MJ, Suleiman MS, Kanesalingam K, Taylor R, Mc Collum CN, Parniczky A, Solymar M, Porpaczy A, Miseta A, Lenkey ZS, Szabados S, Cziraki A, Garai J, Koller A, Myloslavska I, Menazza SM, Canton MC, Di Lisa FDL, Schulz RS, Oliveira SHV, Morais CAS, Miranda MR, Oliveira TT, Lamego MRA, Lima LM, Goncharova NS, Naymushin AV, Kazimli AV, Moiseeva OM, Lima LM, Carvalho MG, Sabino AP, Mota APL, Sousa MO, Niessner A, Richter B, Hohensinner PJ, Rychli K, Zorn G, Berger R, Moertl D, Pacher R, Wojta J, Huelsmann M, Kukharchik G, Nesterova N, Pavlova A, Gaykovaya L, Krapivka N, Konstantinova I, Sichinava L, Prapa S, Mccarthy KP, Kilner PJ, Xu XY, Johnson MR, Ho SY. Poster session 2. Cardiovasc Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvr334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Paddock ML, Flores M, Isaacson R, Shepherd JN, Okamura MY. EPR and ENDOR Investigation of Rhodosemiquinone in Bacterial Reaction Centers Formed by B-Branch Electron Transfer. Appl Magn Reson 2010; 37:39. [PMID: 20157643 PMCID: PMC2821119 DOI: 10.1007/s00723-009-0042-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
In photosynthetic bacteria, light-induced electron transfer takes place in a protein called the reaction center (RC) leading to the reduction of a bound ubiquinone molecule, Q(B), coupled with proton binding from solution. We used electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and electron-nuclear double resonance (ENDOR) to study the magnetic properties of the protonated semiquinone, an intermediate proposed to play a role in proton coupled electron transfer to Q(B). To stabilize the protonated semiquinone state, we used a ubiquinone derivative, rhodoquinone, which as a semiquinone is more easily protonated than ubisemiquinone. To reduce this low-potential quinone we used mutant RCs modified to directly reduce the quinone in the Q(B) site via B-branch electron transfer (Paddock et al. in Biochemistry 44:6920-6928, 2005). EPR and ENDOR signals were observed upon illumination of mutant RCs in the presence of rhodoquinone. The EPR signals had g values characteristic of rhodosemiquinone (g(x) = 2.0057, g(y) = 2.0048, g(z) ∼ 2.0018) at pH 9.5 and were changed at pH 4.5. The ENDOR spectrum showed couplings due to solvent exchangeable protons typical of hydrogen bonds similar to, but different from, those found for ubisemiquinone. This approach should be useful in future magnetic resonance studies of the protonated semiquinone.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. L. Paddock
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - M. Flores
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA, Max-Planck Institute for Bioinorganic Chemistry, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - R. Isaacson
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - J. N. Shepherd
- Department of Chemistry, Gonzaga University, Spokane, WA 99258, USA
| | - M. Y. Okamura
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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Gutierrez J, Adams D, Tornes L, Isaacson R, Wright CB. Dolichoectasia and multifocal simultaneous intracranial haemorrhages. BMJ Case Rep 2010; 2010:bcr10.2009.2325. [PMID: 22315649 DOI: 10.1136/bcr.10.2009.2325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Dolichoectasia is found primarily in aged individual with atherosclerotic disease. It presents with brain stem compression and stroke, which could be ischaemic or haemorrhagic. Even if severe atherosclerosis is thought to play a pivotal role, new evidence suggest that the internal elastic laminae is disrupted, intracranially and extracranially, so multiorganic involvement with various clinical presentations can occur. We present a rare association of multiorganic dolichoectasia debuting with multiple intracranial haemorrhages. A 79-year-old woman presented with altered mental status and left hemiplegia. The work up demonstrated brain arteries dolichoectasia and an abdominal aortic aneurysm with multiple site intraparenchymal haemorrhages. In this case, the presentation of multiple site dolichoectasia and multiple haemorrhages is probably linked to a systemic "media disease" that affected the media of small, medium and large arteries rather than a coincidental finding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Gutierrez
- University of Miami/Leonard M Miller School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, 1387, 1120 NW 14th Street, Miami, FL 33136, USA
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Ouyang Z, Isaacson R. Identification of a Novel Regulator for the Escherichia coli fit Iron Transport System. Open Microbiol J 2008; 2:94-9. [PMID: 19088918 PMCID: PMC2593036 DOI: 10.2174/1874285800802010094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2008] [Revised: 06/19/2008] [Accepted: 06/20/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The Escherichia coli fit iron transport system consists of 6 genes, fitA, B, C, D, E and fitR. Based on in silico analysis, FitA-E composes a typical bacterial iron transporter, while FitR was deduced to be a regulator. In this paper the regulation of fit expression by FitR was studied using a quantitative RT-PCR technique and a lacZ reporter assay. It was found that fit expression was repressed when FitR was over-expressed and de-repressed when fitR was knocked out by mutation. When the mutation in fitR was complemented in trans- with the wild type fitR gene, repression of fit expression by FitR was restored. Finally, recombinant FitR was found to bind to the fit promoter DNA when employed in an electrophoretic mobility-shift assay. These results demonstrated that fitR encodes an auto-repressor for the E. colifit system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiming Ouyang
- Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas USA
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Paulin-Curlee GG, Sreevatsan S, Singer RS, Isaacson R, Reneau J, Bey R, Foster D. Molecular subtyping of mastitis-associated Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates shows high levels of diversity within and between dairy herds. J Dairy Sci 2008; 91:554-63. [PMID: 18218741 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2007-0479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Despite advances in controlling mastitis (inflammation of the mammary gland), udder infections caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae continue to affect dairy cattle. Mastitis caused by K. pneumoniae responds poorly to antibiotic treatment, and as a consequence, infections tend to be severe and long lasting. We sought to determine whether a nonrandom distribution of specific genotypes of K. pneumoniae was associated with mastitis from 6 dairy herds located in 4 different states. A total of 635 isolates were obtained and fingerprinted by repetitive DNA sequence PCR. Significant genetic diversity was observed in 4 of the 6 dairy herds analyzed, and a total of 49 genotypic variants were identified. Within a herd, Simpson's diversity indices were 91.0, 94.1, 91.7, 88.6, 53.3, and 64.3% for dairies A, B, C, D, E, and F, respectively. The association between matrices of genetic similarity and matrices of temporal distance was negative in all the dairies analyzed. Four dairies had a high incidence of K. pneumoniae mastitis during the winter. The majority of genotypes were unique to herds of origin, and only 5 genotypes were detected in more than 2 dairies. Genotype 1 (arbitrary designation) occurred most frequently across dairies and was found in 25.2% of all mastitis cases and among 22.8% of reinfected and culled cows in dairy A. Specific genotypes also tended to be associated with a specific bedding type and dairy location. Analysis of molecular variance showed that 18% of the genetic diversity was due to variation among herds within states, and 82% of the genetic diversity was accounted for by variation of genotypes within herds. The data support the idea that mastitis is caused by a diverse group of K. pneumoniae genotypes and thus has major implications for the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of udder infections in dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- G G Paulin-Curlee
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108, USA
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Paulin-Curlee GG, Singer RS, Sreevatsan S, Isaacson R, Reneau J, Foster D, Bey R. Genetic diversity of mastitis-associated Klebsiella pneumoniae in dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2007; 90:3681-9. [PMID: 17638979 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2006-776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to determine the level of genetic diversity of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from clinical mastitis cases and to define genotypes most commonly associated with the disease. Individual quarter milk samples were collected from a single privately owned dairy herd over a 2-yr period and submitted to the Laboratory for Udder Health, Minnesota Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Minnesota, for bacteriological culture. Eighty-four K. pneumoniae isolates were obtained and fingerprinted by repetitive DNA sequence PCR, 43 by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), and 29 by multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Significant genetic diversity was observed among the isolates regardless of the fingerprinting method used. Simpson's diversity index was 93.5, 96.1, and 97.0% when analyzed by repetitive DNA sequence PCR (n = 84), pulse field gel electrophoresis (n = 43), and MLST (n = 29), respectively. In some cases more than 1 genotype was obtained from a single milk sample originating from an individual quarter. The majority of infections were observed during the winter and accounted for 69.0% of K. pneumoniae mastitis cases. There was a negative correlation between a matrix of fingerprints similarity and a matrix of temporal distances. The MLST results revealed 5 new and novel allelic types, which have not been previously reported in the MLST database. Three isolates shared MLST types with human clinical isolates, raising the possibility that some K. pneumoniae isolates, of bovine origin, may be capable of causing disease in humans. There were 21 genotypes present within the herd, and there was no evidence for nonrandom distribution of genotypes uniquely associated with mastitis. We have shown, using 3 distinct genotyping methods, that K. pneumoniae isolated from clinical mastitis within a single dairy herd is caused by a genetically diverse population and that multiple genotypes can be isolated from a mastitic quarter. The data suggest that mastitis can be caused by a variety of K. pneumoniae genotypes. Diverse genotypes may have different levels of invasiveness and virulence and may originate from various sources within the dairy.
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Affiliation(s)
- G G Paulin-Curlee
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108, USA
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Paddock ML, Flores M, Isaacson R, Chang C, Abresch EC, Okamura MY. ENDOR spectroscopy reveals light induced movement of the H-bond from Ser-L223 upon forming the semiquinone (Q(B)(-)(*)) in reaction centers from Rhodobacter sphaeroides. Biochemistry 2007; 46:8234-43. [PMID: 17590017 PMCID: PMC2597558 DOI: 10.1021/bi7005256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Proton ENDOR spectroscopy was used to monitor local conformational changes in bacterial reaction centers (RC) associated with the electron-transfer reaction DQB --> D+*QB-* using mutant RCs capable of photoreducing QB at cryogenic temperatures. The charge separated state D+*QB-* was studied in mutant RCs formed by either (i) illuminating at low temperature (77 K) a sample frozen in the dark (ground state protein conformation) or (ii) illuminating at room temperature prior to and during freezing (charge separated state protein conformation). The charge recombination rates from the two states differed greatly (>10(6) fold) as shown previously, indicating a structural change (Paddock et al. (2006) Biochemistry 45, 14032-14042). ENDOR spectra of QB-* from both samples (35 GHz, 77 K) showed several H-bond hyperfine couplings that were similar to those for QB-* in native RCs indicating that in all RCs, QB-* was located at the proximal position near the metal site. In contrast, one set of hyperfine couplings were not observed in the dark frozen samples but were observed only in samples frozen under illumination in which the protein can relax prior to freezing. This flexible H-bond was assigned to an interaction between the Ser-L223 hydroxyl and QB-* on the basis of its absence in Ser L223 --> Ala mutant RCs. Thus, part of the protein relaxation, in response to light induced charge separation, involves the formation of an H-bond between the OH group of Ser-L223 and the anionic semiquinone QB-*. These results show the flexibility of the Ser-L223 H-bond, which is essential for its function in proton transfer to reduced QB.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Paddock
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA.
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Paddock ML, Flores M, Isaacson R, Chang C, Abresch EC, Selvaduray P, Okamura MY. Trapped conformational states of semiquinone (D+*QB-*) formed by B-branch electron transfer at low temperature in Rhodobacter sphaeroides reaction centers. Biochemistry 2006; 45:14032-42. [PMID: 17115698 PMCID: PMC2259235 DOI: 10.1021/bi060854h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The reaction center (RC) from Rhodobacter sphaeroides captures light energy by electron transfer between quinones QA and QB, involving a conformational gating step. In this work, conformational states of D+*QB-* were trapped (80 K) and studied using EPR spectroscopy in native and mutant RCs that lack QA in which QB was reduced by the bacteriopheophytin along the B-branch. In mutant RCs frozen in the dark, a light induced EPR signal due to D+*QB-* formed in 30% of the sample with low quantum yield (0.2%-20%) and decayed in 6 s. A small signal with similar characteristics was also observed in native RCs. In contrast, the EPR signal due to D+*QB-* in mutant RCs illuminated while freezing formed in approximately 95% of the sample did not decay (tau >107 s) at 80 K (also observed in the native RC). In all samples, the observed g-values were the same (g = 2.0026), indicating that all active QB-*'s were located in a proximal conformation coupled with the nonheme Fe2+. We propose that before electron transfer at 80 K, the majority (approximately 70%) of QB, structurally located in the distal site, was not stably reducible, whereas the minority (approximately 30%) of active configurations was in the proximal site. The large difference in the lifetimes of the unrelaxed and relaxed D+*QB-* states is attributed to the relaxation of protein residues and internal water molecules that stabilize D+*QB-*. These results demonstrate energetically significant conformational changes involved in stabilizing the D+*QB-* state. The unrelaxed and relaxed states can be considered to be the initial and final states along the reaction coordinate for conformationally gated electron transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Paddock
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is characterized by performance on memory and other measures below expected normative values, neither a scientific rationale nor a consensus exists regarding which measures have the most use or the optimal cutoffs to use to establish impairment. METHODS Different memory measures were administered to 80 normal community-dwelling subjects divided into two age groups. This provided conormed data on eight different memory indices by which to compare 23 nondemented clinically diagnosed patients with MCI who met all other criteria for Alzheimer disease (AD). RESULTS On immediate memory for passages, delayed visual reproduction, object memory, and a measure sensitive to semantic interference, 70%-78% of patients with MCI were identified as impaired at 1.5 standard deviations or greater below expected levels. Conditional logistical regression for age-matched samples indicated that consideration of raw scores for these neuropsychologic tests in combination did not significantly change the odds of MCI diagnosis. When impairment relative to the total normal elderly sample was calculated based on one or more impairments at a 1.5 or greater cutoff, specificity fell below acceptable levels when more than three memory measures were considered. CONCLUSION An array of widely used neuropsychologic measures demonstrated utility in distinguishing patients with MCI-AD from cognitively normal community-dwelling elders. The appropriateness of more or less stringent cutoffs was highly influenced by the number of measures considered. These findings have important implications regarding the choice of cut points for impairment used for the diagnosis of MCI in both research and clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Loewenstein
- Wien Center for Alzheimer's Disease and Memory Disorders, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL 33140, USA.
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Flores M, Isaacson R, Abresch E, Calvo R, Lubitz W, Feher G. Protein-cofactor interactions in bacterial reaction centers from Rhodobacter sphaeroides R-26: II. Geometry of the hydrogen bonds to the primary quinone formula by 1H and 2H ENDOR spectroscopy. Biophys J 2006; 92:671-82. [PMID: 17071655 PMCID: PMC1751397 DOI: 10.1529/biophysj.106.092460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The geometry of the hydrogen bonds to the two carbonyl oxygens of the semiquinone Q(A)(. -) in the reaction center (RC) from the photosynthetic purple bacterium Rhodobacter sphaeroides R-26 were determined by fitting a spin Hamiltonian to the data derived from (1)H and (2)H ENDOR spectroscopies at 35 GHz and 80 K. The experiments were performed on RCs in which the native Fe(2+) (high spin) was replaced by diamagnetic Zn(2+) to prevent spectral line broadening of the Q(A)(. -) due to magnetic coupling with the iron. The principal components of the hyperfine coupling and nuclear quadrupolar coupling tensors of the hydrogen-bonded protons (deuterons) and their principal directions with respect to the quinone axes were obtained by spectral simulations of ENDOR spectra at different magnetic fields on frozen solutions of deuterated Q(A)(. -) in H(2)O buffer and protonated Q(A)(. -) in D(2)O buffer. Hydrogen-bond lengths were obtained from the nuclear quadrupolar couplings. The two hydrogen bonds were found to be nonequivalent, having different directions and different bond lengths. The H-bond lengths r(OH) are 1.73 +/- 0.03 Angstrom and 1.60 +/- 0.04 Angstrom, from the carbonyl oxygens O(1) and O(4) to the NH group of Ala M260 and the imidazole nitrogen N(delta) of His M219, respectively. The asymmetric hydrogen bonds of Q(A)(. -) affect the spin density distribution in the quinone radical and its electronic structure. It is proposed that the H-bonds play an important role in defining the physical properties of the primary quinone, which affect the electron transfer processes in the RC.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Flores
- Department of Physics, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
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Chediak A, Esparis B, Isaacson R, De la Cruz L, Ramirez J, Rodriguez JF, Abreu A. How many polysomnograms must sleep fellows score before becoming proficient at scoring sleep? J Clin Sleep Med 2006; 2:427-30. [PMID: 17557472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In the field of sleep medicine, there is a paucity of evidence-based curriculum development strategies in the literature. We chose to determine the number of polysomnograms (PSG) necessary to be scored by sleep fellows in order to reasonably approximate sleep scoring by a Diplomate of the American Board of Sleep Medicine (DABSM). DESIGN The fifth PSG scored by two sleep fellows during the 12 consecutive months of training was chosen for analysis. A DABSM not involved in the training of fellows scored sleep on each of the selected PSG with replication of montage and filter settings. Epoch by epoch comparison of sleep stage scoring is described as the frequency of concordance between fellow and DABSM (f correct). MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS The mean (SD) f correct for all PSG for each fellow was 0.83 (0.06) and 0.83 (0.08) (p = 0.93). Concordance between sleep fellow and DABSM approached 0.8 after scoring between 20-30 PSG. This milestone was reached after the fourth month of training. F correct was highest for stage 2 sleep and REM sleep and most variable for slow wave sleep and stage 1 sleep. The variability in f correct for these stages was in part related to the relative paucity of these sleep stages. CONCLUSIONS Scoring of sleep becomes reasonably proficient after scoring approximately 20-30 PSG and/or four months of dedicated sleep disorders training. A standard measure of concordance that corrects for epoch sample size may be helpful for use in future similar investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Chediak
- Miami Sleep Disorders Center, 7029 SW 61 Avenue, Miami, FL 33143, USA.
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Chediak A, Esparis B, Isaacson R, Cruz LDL, José, Ramirez, Rodriguez JF, Abreu A. How Many Polysomnograms Must Sleep Fellows Score Before Becoming Proficient at Scoring Sleep? J Clin Sleep Med 2006. [DOI: 10.5664/jcsm.26659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Chediak
- Miami Sleep Disorders Center, Miami, FL
- Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL
| | - Belen Esparis
- Miami Sleep Disorders Center, Miami, FL
- Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL
| | | | | | | | - Ramirez
- Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL
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Abstract
A putative ABC transporter, fit, with significant homology to several bacterial iron transporters was identified in Escherichia coli. The E. coli fit system consists of six genes designated fitA, -B, -C, -D, -E, and -R. Based on DNA sequence analysis, fit encodes an outer membrane protein (FitA), a periplasmic binding protein (FitE), two permease proteins (FitC and -D), an ATPase (FitB), and a hypothetical protein (FitR). Introduction of the E. coli fit system into E. coli strain K-12 increased intracellular iron content and transformed bacteria were more sensitive to streptonigrin, which suggested that fit transports iron in E. coli. Expression of fit was studied using a lacZ reporter assay. A functional, bidirectional promoter was identified in the intergenic region between genes fitA and fitB. The expression of the E. coli fit system was found to be induced by iron limitation and repressed when Fe(2+) was added to minimal medium. Several fit mutants were created in E. coli using an in vitro transposon mutagenesis strategy. Mutations in fit did not affect bacterial growth in iron-restricted media. Using a growth promotion test, it was found that fit was not able to transport enterobactin, ferrichrome, transferrin, and lactoferrin in E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiming Ouyang
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, 1971 Commonwealth Avenue, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
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Flores M, Isaacson R, Abresch E, Calvo R, Lubitz W, Feher G. Protein-cofactor interactions in bacterial reaction centers from Rhodobacter sphaeroides R-26: I. Identification of the ENDOR lines associated with the hydrogen bonds to the primary quinone QA*-. Biophys J 2006; 90:3356-62. [PMID: 16473904 PMCID: PMC1432105 DOI: 10.1529/biophysj.105.077883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen bonds are important in determining the structure and function of biomolecules. Of particular interest are hydrogen bonds to quinones, which play an important role in the bioenergetics of respiration and photosynthesis. In this work we investigated the hydrogen bonds to the two carbonyl oxygens of the semiquinone QA*- in the well-characterized reaction center from the photosynthetic bacterium Rhodobacter sphaeroides R-26. We used electron paramagnetic resonance and electron nuclear double resonance techniques at 35 GHz at a temperature of 80 K. The goal of this study was to identify and assign sets of 1H-ENDOR lines to protons hydrogen bonded to each of the two oxygens. This was accomplished by preferentially exchanging the hydrogen bond on one of the oxygens with deuterium while concomitantly monitoring the changes in the amplitudes of the 1H-ENDOR lines. The preferential deuteration of one of the oxygens was made possible by the different 1H --> 2H exchange times of the protons bonded to the two oxygens. The assignment of the 1H-ENDOR lines sets the stage for the determination of the geometries of the H-bonds by a detailed field selection ENDOR study to be presented in a future article.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Flores
- Department of Physics, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
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Abstract
The objective of this 2-year field survey was to sample multiple ecological compartments within swine production systems to identify potential sources of Salmonella infection for swine. Twelve single-site production systems within Illinois were identified by slaughter sampling to have detectable Salmonella in swine and therefore selected for study. There were four visits to each farm during a 5-month period. Fecal samples were obtained from swine and other wild and domestic mammals. Arthropods and environmental samples of feed, water, pen floors, boots, and bird feces were also collected. All 8,066 samples obtained were cultured to detect Salmonella. Salmonella was detected on 11 of the 12 farms. There were 206 positive cultures, including samples from swine (83), pen floors (54), boots (32), flies (16), mice (9), cats (3), and birds (3). Swine shedding Salmonella in feces were detected on 9 of the 12 farms. The more Salmonella-abundant ecological compartments were cats (12% of samples positive), boots (11%), bird feces (8%), flies (6%), and mice (5%); 2.1% of 4,024 swine samples were positive. All 221 feed samples were negative for Salmonella. There was a correlation between a farm having a high prevalence of shedding Salmonella in pigs and a high abundance on pen floors, flies, and boots. The most common serotypes detected were Derby, Agona, Worthington, and Uganda, which were distributed throughout the ecosystem, suggesting widespread transmission across ecological compartments. The ubiquitous distribution of Salmonella suggests that an effective control strategy must target multiple compartments of the swine production ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Barber
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Illinois College of Veterinary Medicine, 2001 South Lincoln Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61802, USA
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Catane R, Halle D, Kaufman B, Eisenberg S, Isaacson R, Cherny N, Lahad A, Homerelch G, Beller U, Levy-lahad E. Breast & ovarian cancer risk in BRCA mutation carriers: Implications for prevention. Eur J Cancer 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(97)84425-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Isaacson R, Titus JL, Merideth J, Feldt RH, McGoon DC. Apparent interruption of atrial conduction pathways after surgical repair of transposition of great arteries. Am J Cardiol 1972; 30:533-5. [PMID: 5073665 DOI: 10.1016/0002-9149(72)90044-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Isaacson R, Clagett OT, Farrow GM. Case report. Lymphatic cyst of the stomach. Minn Med 1970; 53:1197-8. [PMID: 5483900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Isaacson R. Use of field modulation with boxcar integrator to measure relaxation time in electron spin resonance experiments. J Sci Instrum 1968; 1:1137-9. [PMID: 4303418 DOI: 10.1088/0022-3735/1/11/425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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McKeachie WJ, Lin YG, Milholland J, Isaacson R. Student affiliation motives, teacher warmth, and academic achievement. J Pers Soc Psychol 1966; 4:457-61. [PMID: 5972778 DOI: 10.1037/h0023841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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