1
|
Wang XF, Wang F, Zhou G. MALT1 Protease Regulates T-Cell Immunity via the mTOR Pathway in Oral Lichen Planus. Inflammation 2024; 47:939-957. [PMID: 38159177 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-023-01952-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a T cell-mediated immune mucosal disease of unknown pathogenesis. Whether mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma translocation protein 1 (MALT1), an intracellular signaling protein, is involved in the T-cell immune dysfunction of OLP remains elusive. MALT1 expression in local and peripheral T cells of OLP and controls was analyzed using immunohistochemistry, multiplex immunohistochemistry, and flow cytometry. The expression of MALT1 in activated Jurkat T cells incubated with either OLP plasma or interleukin (IL)-7/IL-15 was determined by flow cytometry. The effects of MALT1 and mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) on T-cell immunity were investigated through western blot, CCK8 assay, and flow cytometry. The expression of MALT1 protein was elevated in local OLP T cells and mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells, while reduced in peripheral OLP T cells, MAIT cells, and follicular helper-like MAIT (MAITfh) cells. Stimulation with OLP plasma and IL-7/ IL-15 had no effect on MALT1 expression in activated Jurkat T cells. MALT1 protease-specific inhibitor (MI-2) induced mTOR phosphorylation, increased B-cell lymphoma 10 (BCL10) expression, inhibited T-cell proliferation, and promoted T-cell apoptosis. The combination of MI-2 and rapamycin increased MALT1 expression, further suppressed T-cell proliferation, and facilitated T-cell apoptosis. MALT1 expression is aberrant in both local lesions and peripheral blood of OLP. Inhibition of the mTOR pathway further enhances the suppression of T-cell proliferation and the promotion of apoptosis induced by the MALT1 inhibitor MI-2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Feng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Oral Medicine, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Luoyu Road 237, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Gang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
- Department of Oral Medicine, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Luoyu Road 237, Wuhan, 430079, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Gutierrez-Camacho JR, Avila-Carrasco L, Martinez-Vazquez MC, Garza-Veloz I, Zorrilla-Alfaro SM, Gutierrez-Camacho V, Martinez-Fierro ML. Oral Lesions Associated with COVID-19 and the Participation of the Buccal Cavity as a Key Player for Establishment of Immunity against SARS-CoV-2. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:11383. [PMID: 36141654 PMCID: PMC9517300 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191811383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some oral lesions have been described in patients infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2); the possibility has been raised that the buccal lesions observed in patients with the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are due to this virus and the patient's systemic condition. The aim of this review was to integrate the knowledge related to the oral lesions associated with COVID-19 and the participation of the buccal cavity in the establishment of immunity against SARS-CoV-2. METHODS A literature search on the manifestations of buccal lesions from the beginning of the pandemic until October 2021 was carried out by using the PubMed database. A total of 157 scientific articles were selected from the library, which included case reports and reports of lesions appearing in patients with COVID-19. RESULTS Oral lesions included erosions, ulcers, vesicles, pustules, plaques, depapillated tongue, and pigmentations, among others. The oral cavity is a conducive environment for the interaction of SARS-CoV-2 with the mucosal immune system and target cells; direct effects of the virus in this cavity worsen the antiviral inflammatory response of underlying oral disorders, immunodeficiencies, and autoimmunity primarily. CONCLUSIONS The oral cavity is an accessible and privileged environment for the interaction of SARS-CoV-2 with the mucosal immune system and target cells; the direct effects of the virus in this cavity worsen the antiviral inflammatory response of underlying oral disorders, in particular those related to immunodeficiencies and autoimmunity.
Collapse
|
3
|
Rattay S, Hufbauer M, Hagen C, Putschli B, Coch C, Akgül B, Hartmann G. Human Beta Papillomavirus Type 8 E1 and E2 Proteins Suppress the Activation of the RIG-I-like Receptor MDA5. Viruses 2022; 14:v14071361. [PMID: 35891343 PMCID: PMC9317666 DOI: 10.3390/v14071361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Persistent infections of the skin with the human papillomavirus of genus beta (β-HPV) in immunocompetent individuals are asymptomatic, but in immunosuppressed patients, β-HPV infections exhibit much higher viral loads on the skin and are associated with an increased risk of skin cancer. Unlike with HPV16, a high-risk α-HPV, the impact of β-HPV early genes on the innate immune sensing of viral nucleic acids has not been studied. Here, we used primary skin keratinocytes and U2OS cells expressing HPV8 or distinct HPV8 early genes and well-defined ligands of the nucleic-acid-sensing receptors RIG-I, MDA5, TLR3, and STING to analyze a potential functional interaction. We found that primary skin keratinocytes and U2OS cells expressed RIG-I, MDA5, TLR3, and STING, but not TLR7, TLR8, or TLR9. While HPV16-E6 downregulated the expression of RIG-I, MDA5, TLR3, and STING and, in conjunction with HPV16-E7, effectively suppressed type I IFN in response to MDA5 activation, the presence of HPV8 early genes showed little effect on the expression of these immune receptors, except for HPV8-E2, which was associated with an elevated expression of TLR3. Nevertheless, whole HPV8 genome expression, as well as the selective expression of HPV8-E1 or HPV8-E2, was found to suppress MDA5-induced type I IFN and the proinflammatory cytokine IL-6. Furthermore, RNA isolated from HPV8-E2 expressing primary human keratinocytes, but not control cells, stimulated a type I IFN response in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, indicating that the expression of HPV8-E2 in keratinocytes leads to the formation of stimulatory RNA ligands that require the active suppression of immune recognition. These results identify HPV8-E1 and HPV8-E2 as viral proteins that are responsible for the immune escape of β-HPV from the innate recognition of viral nucleic acids, a mechanism that may be necessary for establishing persistent β-HPV infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Rattay
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital, University of Bonn, Gebäude 12, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany; (C.H.); (B.P.); (C.C.); (G.H.)
- Institute of Virology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Fürst-Pückler-Str. 56., 50935 Cologne, Germany; (M.H.); (B.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-221-478-85821; Fax: +49-221-478-85802
| | - Martin Hufbauer
- Institute of Virology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Fürst-Pückler-Str. 56., 50935 Cologne, Germany; (M.H.); (B.A.)
| | - Christian Hagen
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital, University of Bonn, Gebäude 12, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany; (C.H.); (B.P.); (C.C.); (G.H.)
| | - Bastian Putschli
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital, University of Bonn, Gebäude 12, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany; (C.H.); (B.P.); (C.C.); (G.H.)
| | - Christoph Coch
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital, University of Bonn, Gebäude 12, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany; (C.H.); (B.P.); (C.C.); (G.H.)
| | - Baki Akgül
- Institute of Virology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Fürst-Pückler-Str. 56., 50935 Cologne, Germany; (M.H.); (B.A.)
| | - Gunther Hartmann
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital, University of Bonn, Gebäude 12, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany; (C.H.); (B.P.); (C.C.); (G.H.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Mata-Martínez P, Bergón-Gutiérrez M, del Fresno C. Dectin-1 Signaling Update: New Perspectives for Trained Immunity. Front Immunol 2022; 13:812148. [PMID: 35237264 PMCID: PMC8882614 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.812148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The C-type lectin receptor Dectin-1 was originally described as the β-glucan receptor expressed in myeloid cells, with crucial functions in antifungal responses. However, over time, different ligands both of microbial-derived and endogenous origin have been shown to be recognized by Dectin-1. The outcomes of this recognition are diverse, including pro-inflammatory responses such as cytokine production, reactive oxygen species generation and phagocytosis. Nonetheless, tolerant responses have been also attributed to Dectin-1, depending on the specific ligand engaged. Dectin-1 recognition of their ligands triggers a plethora of downstream signaling pathways, with complex interrelationships. These signaling routes can be modulated by diverse factors such as phosphatases or tetraspanins, resulting either in pro-inflammatory or regulatory responses. Since its first depiction, Dectin-1 has recently gained a renewed attention due to its role in the induction of trained immunity. This process of long-term memory of innate immune cells can be triggered by β-glucans, and Dectin-1 is crucial for its initiation. The main signaling pathways involved in this process have been described, although the understanding of the above-mentioned complexity in the β-glucan-induced trained immunity is still scarce. In here, we have reviewed and updated all these factors related to the biology of Dectin-1, highlighting the gaps that deserve further research. We believe on the relevance to fully understand how this receptor works, and therefore, how we could harness it in different pathological conditions as diverse as fungal infections, autoimmunity, or cancer.
Collapse
|
5
|
Interleukin-1 Links Autoimmune and Autoinflammatory Pathophysiology in Mixed-Pattern Psoriasis. Mediators Inflamm 2021; 2021:2503378. [PMID: 34697538 PMCID: PMC8541875 DOI: 10.1155/2021/2503378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Autoinflammatory and autoimmune diseases are characterized by an oversensitive immune system with loss of the physiological endogenous regulation, involving multifactorial self-reactive pathological mechanisms of mono- or polygenic nature. Failure in regulatory mechanisms triggers a complex network of dynamic relationships between innate and adaptive immunity, leading to coexistent autoinflammatory and autoimmune processes. Sustained exposure to a trigger or a genetic alteration at the level of the receptors of the natural immune system may lead to abnormal activation of the innate immune system, adaptive system activation, loss of self-tolerance, and systemic inflammation. The IL-1 family members critically activate and regulate innate and adaptive immune responses' diversity and plasticity in autoimmune and/or autoinflammatory conditions. The IL-23/IL-17 axis is key in the communication between innate immunity (IL-23-producing myeloid cells) and adaptive immunity (Th17- and IL-17-expressing CD8+ T cells). In psoriasis, these cytokines are decisive to the different clinical presentations, whether as plaque psoriasis (psoriasis vulgaris), generalized pustular psoriasis (pustular psoriasis), or mixed forms. These forms reflect a gradient between autoimmune pathophysiology with predominant adaptive immune response and autoinflammatory pathophysiology with predominant innate immune response.
Collapse
|
6
|
Luger T, Amagai M, Dreno B, Dagnelie MA, Liao W, Kabashima K, Schikowski T, Proksch E, Elias PM, Simon M, Simpson E, Grinich E, Schmuth M. Atopic dermatitis: Role of the skin barrier, environment, microbiome, and therapeutic agents. J Dermatol Sci 2021; 102:142-157. [PMID: 34116898 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2021.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic, inflammatory skin disorder characterized by eczematous and pruritic skin lesions. In recent decades, the prevalence of AD has increased worldwide, most notably in developing countries. The enormous progress in our understanding of the complex composition and functions of the epidermal barrier allows for a deeper appreciation of the active role that the skin barrier plays in the initiation and maintenance of skin inflammation. The epidermis forms a physical, chemical, immunological, neuro-sensory, and microbial barrier between the internal and external environment. Not only lesional, but also non-lesional areas of AD skin display many morphological, biochemical and functional differences compared with healthy skin. Supporting this notion, genetic defects affecting structural proteins of the skin barrier, including filaggrin, contribute to an increased risk of AD. There is evidence to suggest that natural environmental allergens and man-made pollutants are associated with an increased likelihood of developing AD. A compromised epidermal barrier predisposes the skin to increased permeability of these compounds. Numerous topical and systemic therapies for AD are currently available or in development; while anti-inflammatory therapy is central to the treatment of AD, some existing and novel therapies also appear to exert beneficial effects on skin barrier function. Further research on the skin barrier, particularly addressing epidermal differentiation and inflammation, lipid metabolism, and the role of bacterial communities for skin barrier function, will likely expand our understanding of the complex etiology of AD and lead to identification of novel targets and the development of new therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Luger
- Department of Dermatology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
| | - Masayuki Amagai
- Department of Dermatology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Laboratory for Skin Homeostasis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Brigitte Dreno
- Dermatology Department, Nantes University, CHU Nantes, CIC 1413, CRCINA, Nantes, France
| | - Marie-Ange Dagnelie
- Dermatology Department, Nantes University, CHU Nantes, CIC 1413, CRCINA, Nantes, France
| | - Wilson Liao
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Kenji Kabashima
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tamara Schikowski
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | - Peter M Elias
- San Francisco VA Medical Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Michel Simon
- UDEAR, Inserm, University of Toulouse, U1056, Toulouse, France
| | - Eric Simpson
- Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Erin Grinich
- Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Matthias Schmuth
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Preliminary discovery of novel markers for human cell line activation test (h-CLAT). Toxicol In Vitro 2021; 74:105154. [PMID: 33774146 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2021.105154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The human cell line activation test (h-CLAT) is an OECD approved (Test No. 442E) assay to identify novel skin sensitizers. h-CLAT simulates dendritic cell activation in the skin sensitization pathway and is based on the measurement of CD54 and CD86 overexpression on monocytic, leukemic THP-1 cells. However, the current h-CLAT markers show inconsistent results with moderate and weak sensitizers. Moreover, these markers have accessory roles in cell adhesion and signaling rather than a direct role in cellular inflammation. Therefore, we have explored other inflammation-related markers in this study. PBMCs comprises a mixture of cells that resemble the complex immunological milieu in adults and were primarily used to identify markers. PBMCs (n = 10) and THP-1 cells were treated with 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (DNCB, strong) and NiCl2 (Ni, moderate) sensitizers or DMSO (control) and incubated for 24 h. The samples were subjected to RNA sequencing to obtain log2fold change in gene expression. DNCB and NiCl2 significantly upregulated 80 genes in both cell types. Of these, CD109, CD181, CD183, CLEC5A, CLEC8A & CD354 were experimentally validated. DNCB and Ni but not isopropyl alcohol (non-sensitizer) significantly induced the expression of all novel markers except CLEC8A. Moreover, the percentage induction of all novel markers except CLEC8A satisfied the OECD acceptance criteria. In summary, we identified five novel markers that may supplement the current repertoire of h-CLAT markers.
Collapse
|
8
|
miR-155 Contributes to Normal Keratinocyte Differentiation and Is Upregulated in the Epidermis of Psoriatic Skin Lesions. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21239288. [PMID: 33291448 PMCID: PMC7731132 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of microRNAs (miRNAs) during keratinocyte (KC) differentiation and in skin diseases with epidermal phenotypes has attracted strong interest over the past few years. However, combined mRNA and miRNA expression analyses to elucidate the intricate mRNA–miRNA networks of KCs at different stages of differentiation have not been performed yet. In the present study, we investigated the dynamics of miRNA and mRNA expression during KC differentiation in vitro and in normal and psoriatic epidermis. While we identified comparable numbers of up- and downregulated mRNAs (49% and 51%, respectively), miRNAs were predominantly upregulated (76% vs 24%) during KC differentiation. Further bioinformatics analyses suggested an important inhibitory role for miR-155 in KC differentiation, as it was repressed during KC differentiation in normal skin but strongly upregulated in the epidermis of psoriatic skin lesions. Mimicking the inflammatory milieu of psoriatic skin in vitro, we could show that the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL17, IL1β and INFγ synergistically upregulated miR-155 expression in KCs. Forced over-expression of miR-155 in human in vitro skin models specifically reduced the expression of loricrin (LOR) in KCs, indicating that miR-155 interferes with the establishment of a normal epidermal barrier. Together, our data indicate that downregulation of miR-155 during KC differentiation is a crucial step for epidermal barrier formation. Furthermore, its strong upregulation in psoriatic lesions suggests a contributing role of miR-155 in the altered keratinocyte differentiation observed in psoriasis. Therefore, miR-155 represents as a potential target for treating psoriatic skin lesions.
Collapse
|
9
|
The Immune Function of Keratinocytes in Anti-Pathogen Infection in the Skin. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY AND VENEREOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1097/jd9.0000000000000094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
|
10
|
Caputo V, Strafella C, Termine A, Dattola A, Mazzilli S, Lanna C, Cosio T, Campione E, Novelli G, Giardina E, Cascella R. Overview of the molecular determinants contributing to the expression of Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis phenotypes. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:13554-13563. [PMID: 33128843 PMCID: PMC7754002 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis are multifactorial chronic disorders whose etiopathogenesis essentially derives from the alteration of several signalling pathways and the co-occurrence of genetic, epigenetic and non-genetic susceptibility factors that altogether affect the functional and structural property of the skin. Although shared and differential susceptibility genes and molecular pathways are known to contribute to the onset of pathological phenotypes, further research is needed to dissect the molecular causes of psoriatic disease and its progression towards Psoriatic Arthritis. This review will therefore be addressed to explore differences and similarities in the etiopathogenesis and progression of both disorders, with a particular focus on genes involved in the maintenance of the skin structure and integrity (keratins and collagens), modulation of patterns of recognition (through Toll-like receptors and dectin-1) and immuno-inflammatory response (by NLRP3-dependent inflammasome) to microbial pathogens. In addition, special emphasis will be given to the contribution of epigenetic elements (methylation pattern, non-coding RNAs, chromatin modifiers and 3D genome organization) to the etiopathogenesis and progression of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis. The evidence discussed in this review highlights how the knowledge of patients' clinical and (epi)genomic make-up could be helpful for improving the available therapeutic strategies for psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valerio Caputo
- Medical Genetics LaboratoryDepartment of Biomedicine and PreventionTor Vergata UniversityRomeItaly
- Genomic Medicine Laboratory UILDMIRCCS Santa Lucia FoundationRomeItaly
| | - Claudia Strafella
- Medical Genetics LaboratoryDepartment of Biomedicine and PreventionTor Vergata UniversityRomeItaly
- Genomic Medicine Laboratory UILDMIRCCS Santa Lucia FoundationRomeItaly
| | - Andrea Termine
- Genomic Medicine Laboratory UILDMIRCCS Santa Lucia FoundationRomeItaly
| | - Annunziata Dattola
- Dermatologic ClinicDepartment of Systems MedicineTor Vergata UniversityRomeItaly
| | - Sara Mazzilli
- Dermatologic ClinicDepartment of Systems MedicineTor Vergata UniversityRomeItaly
| | - Caterina Lanna
- Dermatologic ClinicDepartment of Systems MedicineTor Vergata UniversityRomeItaly
| | - Terenzio Cosio
- Dermatologic ClinicDepartment of Systems MedicineTor Vergata UniversityRomeItaly
| | - Elena Campione
- Dermatologic ClinicDepartment of Systems MedicineTor Vergata UniversityRomeItaly
| | - Giuseppe Novelli
- Medical Genetics LaboratoryDepartment of Biomedicine and PreventionTor Vergata UniversityRomeItaly
- Neuromed Institute IRCCSPozzilliItaly
| | - Emiliano Giardina
- Genomic Medicine Laboratory UILDMIRCCS Santa Lucia FoundationRomeItaly
- Department of Biomedicine and PreventionUILDM Lazio Onlus FoundationTor Vergata UniversityRomeItaly
| | - Raffaella Cascella
- Medical Genetics LaboratoryDepartment of Biomedicine and PreventionTor Vergata UniversityRomeItaly
- Department of Biomedical SciencesCatholic University Our Lady of Good CounselTiranaAlbania
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Gow J, Yang Y, Govindraj M, Guo C. Nitric Oxide Regulates Macrophage Fungicidal Activity via S-nitrosylation of Dectin-1. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 6:90-98. [PMID: 32953945 PMCID: PMC7500157 DOI: 10.1089/aivt.2020.0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Recognition of fungal surface β-glucan by pattern recognition receptor Dectin-1 is a critical process for fungal clearance in the lung. In humans, persistent fungal infection is observed in individuals with particular Dectin-1 polymorphism. We have identified that nitric oxide (NO) modifies critical cysteines in pattern recognition molecules to disassemble and alter protein function. There is a hydrophobic S-nitrosylation motif present in surfactant protein-D (SP-D) that is also present in Dectin-1. We hypothesized that Dectin-1 can be modified by nitrosative stress potentially leading to impairment of fungal clearance. Materials and Methods: Recombinant Dectin-1 was incubated with l-nitrosocysteine (L-SNOC) and S-nitrosylated Dectin-1 was detected by Biotin-switch assay. Cells of a murine macrophage line (Raw 264.7) were incubated with S-nitroso-glutathione (GSNO) and Dectin-1 shedding from the cell surface was determined by Western blot. Dectin-1 quaternary structure was determined by native gel electrophoresis. Dectin-1 function was assayed by NF-κB activity and IL-6 mRNA real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Phagocytic activity was measured by fluorescence labeled zymosan beads. Results: Dectin-1 was S-nitrosylated by l-nitrosocysteine (L-SNOC) in vitro, as determined by Biotin-switch assay, resulting in structural disruption. We used Western blotting and flow cytometry to demonstrate that incubation of a murine macrophage cell line (Raw 264.7 cells) with GSNO reduced the surface Dectin-1 expression as a result of shedding to the media. The shedding of Dectin-1 is due to formation of S-nitrosothiol (SNO)-Dectin-1 and disruption of the Dectin-1 oligomeric complex. GSNO also induces Dectin-1 shedding from the cell surface. The functional significance of GSNO treatment of macrophages is shown by reduced β-glucan-mediated signaling in terms of NF-κB function and IL-6 expression. Finally, it was demonstrated that GSNO treatment reduces the capability of macrophages to phagocytose zymosan. Conclusions: These data provide mechanistic data to support the role of Dectin-1 nitrosylation as a mediator of reduced fungal clearance in the face of increased NO exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James Gow
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Yujie Yang
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Mohan Govindraj
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Changjiang Guo
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kudo M, Kobayashi-Nakamura K, Kitajima N, Tsuji-Naito K. Alternate expression of PEPT1 and PEPT2 in epidermal differentiation is required for NOD2 immune responses by bacteria-derived muramyl dipeptide. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 522:151-156. [PMID: 31757425 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.11.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Peptide transporters 1 and 2 (PEPT1 and PEPT2) are proton-coupled oligopeptide transporter members of the solute carrier 15 family and play a role in the cellular uptake of di/tri-peptides and peptidomimetics. Our previous work showed that PEPT2 is predominantly expressed within undifferentiated keratinocytes. Here we show that PEPT2 expression decreases as keratinocyte differentiation progresses and that PEPT1 alternately is expressed at later stages. Absolute quantification using quantitative polymerase chain reaction revealed that the expression level of PEPT1 is about 17 times greater than that of PEPT2. Immunohistochemical study of human skin provided evidence of PEPT1 in the epidermis. The uptake of glycylsarcosine into keratinocytes was significantly blocked by PEPT inhibitors, including nateglinide and glibenclamide. Moreover, we found that PEPT1 knockdown in differentiated keratinocytes significantly suppressed the influence of a bacterial-derived peptide, muramyl dipeptide (MDP), on the production of proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-8, implying that bacteria-derived oligopeptides can be transported by PEPT1 in advanced differentiated keratinocytes. Taken together, PEPT1 and PEPT2 may concertedly play an important role in MDP-NOD2 signaling in the epidermis, which provides new insight into the mechanisms of skin homeostasis against microbial pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michiko Kudo
- DHC Corporation, Fundamental Research Laboratory, Division 2, 2-42 Hamada, Mihama-ku, Chiba, 261-0025, Japan
| | - Kumiko Kobayashi-Nakamura
- DHC Corporation, Fundamental Research Laboratory, Division 2, 2-42 Hamada, Mihama-ku, Chiba, 261-0025, Japan
| | - Natsuko Kitajima
- DHC Corporation, Fundamental Research Laboratory, Division 2, 2-42 Hamada, Mihama-ku, Chiba, 261-0025, Japan
| | - Kentaro Tsuji-Naito
- DHC Corporation, Fundamental Research Laboratory, Division 2, 2-42 Hamada, Mihama-ku, Chiba, 261-0025, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Review-Current Concepts in Inflammatory Skin Diseases Evolved by Transcriptome Analysis: In-Depth Analysis of Atopic Dermatitis and Psoriasis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21030699. [PMID: 31973112 PMCID: PMC7037913 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21030699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
During the last decades, high-throughput assessment of gene expression in patient tissues using microarray technology or RNA-Seq took center stage in clinical research. Insights into the diversity and frequency of transcripts in healthy and diseased conditions provide valuable information on the cellular status in the respective tissues. Growing with the technique, the bioinformatic analysis toolkit reveals biologically relevant pathways which assist in understanding basic pathophysiological mechanisms. Conventional classification systems of inflammatory skin diseases rely on descriptive assessments by pathologists. In contrast to this, molecular profiling may uncover previously unknown disease classifying features. Thereby, treatments and prognostics of patients may be improved. Furthermore, disease models in basic research in comparison to the human disease can be directly validated. The aim of this article is not only to provide the reader with information on the opportunities of these techniques, but to outline potential pitfalls and technical limitations as well. Major published findings are briefly discussed to provide a broad overview on the current findings in transcriptomics in inflammatory skin diseases.
Collapse
|
14
|
Grabarek BO, Wcisło-Dziadecka D, Sanakiewicz A, Kruszniewska-Rajs C, Gola J. Evaluation of changes in expression pattern of oxidative stress genes under the influence of adalimumab. Dermatol Ther 2019; 32:e13141. [PMID: 31664747 DOI: 10.1111/dth.13141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The psoriasis therapy consists of the inhibition of cytokines involved in inducing and development of this disease. The aim of the study was to evaluate the changes in the expression of genes related to the oxidative stress phenomenon in the culture of normal human dermal fibroblasts of Normal Human Dermal Fibroblasts (NHDF) exposed to adalimumab. NHDF culture was exposed to adalimumab for 2-, 8-, and 24-hr periods. The control consisted of the same cells not exposed to adalimumab. The oligonucleotide microarrays HG-U133A 2.0 were used to analyze the changes in gene expression in NHDF culture. Analysis showed that there are 3,881 ID mRNA involved in the induction and development of oxidative stress, the expression of which changes significantly due to the exposure of NHDF cells to adalimumab (p < .05) among 1,369 ID mRNA of them. These include genes associated with apoptosis, the p38 MAPK pathway and the PDGF pathway, and above all with pathways not yet classified. Studies have shown that two genes: NR4A2 and IL1RN, whose expression has changed the most, expressed as Fold Change (FC) seem to be the most promising molecular markers to monitor therapy and loss of cell sensitivity to treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beniamin Oskar Grabarek
- Center of Oncology, M. Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Institute, Cracow Branch, Warsaw, Poland.,Katowice School of Technology, The University of Science and Art in Katowice, Zabrze, Poland.,Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - Dominika Wcisło-Dziadecka
- Department of Cosmetology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - Adrianna Sanakiewicz
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - Celina Kruszniewska-Rajs
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - Joanna Gola
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Szöllősi AG, McDonald I, Szabó IL, Meng J, van den Bogaard E, Steinhoff M. TLR3 in Chronic Human Itch: A Keratinocyte-Associated Mechanism of Peripheral Itch Sensitization. J Invest Dermatol 2019; 139:2393-2396.e6. [PMID: 31129058 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2019.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Attila Gábor Szöllősi
- Department of Dermatology, and HMC Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; UCD Charles Institute for Dermatology, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Ian McDonald
- UCD Charles Institute for Dermatology, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Department of Dermatology, St Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Imre Lőrinc Szabó
- UCD Charles Institute for Dermatology, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Jianghui Meng
- Department of Dermatology, and HMC Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; UCD Charles Institute for Dermatology, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Faculty of Science and Health, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ellen van den Bogaard
- Department of Dermatology, Radboud University Medical Center (Radboudumc), Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Martin Steinhoff
- Department of Dermatology, and HMC Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; UCD Charles Institute for Dermatology, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Department of Dermatology, Weill Cornell University New York and Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar; School of Medicine, Qatar-University, Doha, Qatar
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Ackerman AL, Anger JT, Khalique MU, Ackerman JE, Tang J, Kim J, Underhill DM, Freeman MR. Optimization of DNA extraction from human urinary samples for mycobiome community profiling. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0210306. [PMID: 31022216 PMCID: PMC6483181 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0210306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Recent data suggest the urinary tract hosts a microbial community of varying composition, even in the absence of infection. Culture-independent methodologies, such as next-generation sequencing of conserved ribosomal DNA sequences, provide an expansive look at these communities, identifying both common commensals and fastidious organisms. A fundamental challenge has been the isolation of DNA representative of the entire resident microbial community, including fungi. MATERIALS AND METHODS We evaluated multiple modifications of commonly-used DNA extraction procedures using standardized male and female urine samples, comparing resulting overall, fungal and bacterial DNA yields by quantitative PCR. After identifying protocol modifications that increased DNA yields (lyticase/lysozyme digestion, bead beating, boil/freeze cycles, proteinase K treatment, and carrier DNA use), all modifications were combined for systematic confirmation of optimal protocol conditions. This optimized protocol was tested against commercially available methodologies to compare overall and microbial DNA yields, community representation and diversity by next-generation sequencing (NGS). RESULTS Overall and fungal-specific DNA yields from standardized urine samples demonstrated that microbial abundances differed significantly among the eight methods used. Methodologies that included multiple disruption steps, including enzymatic, mechanical, and thermal disruption and proteinase digestion, particularly in combination with small volume processing and pooling steps, provided more comprehensive representation of the range of bacterial and fungal species. Concentration of larger volume urine specimens at low speed centrifugation proved highly effective, increasing resulting DNA levels and providing greater microbial representation and diversity. CONCLUSIONS Alterations in the methodology of urine storage, preparation, and DNA processing improve microbial community profiling using culture-independent sequencing methods. Our optimized protocol for DNA extraction from urine samples provided improved fungal community representation. Use of this technique resulted in equivalent representation of the bacterial populations as well, making this a useful technique for the concurrent evaluation of bacterial and fungal populations by NGS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A. Lenore Ackerman
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Cedars−Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Jennifer Tash Anger
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Cedars−Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Muhammad Umair Khalique
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Cedars−Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - James E. Ackerman
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Cedars−Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Jie Tang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars−Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Jayoung Kim
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Cedars−Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars−Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - David M. Underhill
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars−Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Cedars−Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Michael R. Freeman
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Cedars−Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars−Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Shao S, Fang H, Dang E, Xue K, Zhang J, Li B, Qiao H, Cao T, Zhuang Y, Shen S, Zhang T, Qiao P, Li C, Gudjonsson JE, Wang G. Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Promote Inflammatory Responses in Psoriasis via Activating Epidermal TLR4/IL-36R Crosstalk. Front Immunol 2019; 10:746. [PMID: 31024570 PMCID: PMC6460719 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidermal infiltration of neutrophils is a hallmark of psoriasis, where their activation leads to release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). The contribution of NETs to psoriasis pathogenesis has been unclear, but here we demonstrate that NETs drive inflammatory responses in skin through activation of epidermal TLR4/IL-36R crosstalk. This activation is dependent upon NETs formation and integrity, as targeting NETs with DNase I or CI-amidine in vivo improves disease in the imiquimod (IMQ)-induced psoriasis-like mouse model, decreasing IL-17A, lipocalin2 (LCN2), and IL-36G expression. Proinflammatory activity of NETs, and LCN2 induction, is dependent upon activation of TLR4/IL-36R crosstalk and MyD88/nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) down-stream signaling, but independent of TLR7 or TLR9. Notably, both TLR4 inhibition and LCN2 neutralization alleviate psoriasis-like inflammation and NETs formation in both the IMQ model and K14-VEGF transgenic mice. In summary, these results outline the mechanisms for the proinflammatory activity of NETs in skin and identify NETs/TLR4 as novel therapeutic targets in psoriasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Shao
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hui Fang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Erle Dang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ke Xue
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jieyu Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Bing Li
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hongjiang Qiao
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tianyu Cao
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuchen Zhuang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shengxian Shen
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tongmei Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Pei Qiao
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Caixia Li
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Johann E Gudjonsson
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Gudmundsdottir AB, Brynjolfsdottir A, Olafsdottir ES, Hardardottir I, Freysdottir J. Exopolysaccharides from Cyanobacterium aponinum induce a regulatory dendritic cell phenotype and inhibit SYK and CLEC7A expression in dendritic cells, T cells and keratinocytes. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 69:328-336. [PMID: 30772700 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.01.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Regular bathing in the Blue Lagoon has beneficial effects on psoriasis. Previously, we showed that exopolysaccharides (EPS-Ca) secreted by Cyanobacterium aponinum, a dominating organism in the Blue Lagoon, increased IL-10 secretion by human dendritic cells (DCs). In addition, co-culturing allogeneic CD4+ T cells with DCs matured in the presence of EPS-Ca increased differentiation of T cells into T regulatory cells at the cost of the disease inducing Th17 cells. In the present study, EPS-Ca increased the proportion of DCs expressing CD141, a surface molecule linked to regulatory DCs, and the CD141+ cells secreted more IL-10 than the CD141- cells. EPS-Ca decreased T cell secretion of IL-17, IL-13 and IL-10 and the proportion of T cells expressing the activation marker CD69 that has also been linked to lymphocyte retention. In addition, EPS-Ca reduced keratinocyte secretion of CCL20 and CXCL10, chemokines implicated in recruitment of inflammatory cells. EPS-Ca decreased DC expression of Dectin-1/CLEC7A and SYK, keratinocyte expression of CLEC7A, SYK and CAMP (the gene for LL37), and T cell expression of phosphorylated Zap70. These results indicate that EPS-Ca may induce a regulatory phenotype of DCs, T cells that are less active/inflammatory and less prone to being retained in the skin, and keratinocytes that induce less recruitment of inflammatory cells to the skin and that these effects may be mediated by the effects of EPS-Ca on CLEC7A and SYK. Overall the results indicate that EPS-Ca may be involved in the beneficial effects psoriasis patients experience when bathing in the Blue Lagoon.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asa B Gudmundsdottir
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Biomedical Center, Vatnsmyrarvegur 16, IS-101 Reykjavik, Iceland; Department of Immunology, Landspitali-The National University Hospital of Iceland, Bld 14 at Eiriksgata, IS-101 Reykjavik, Iceland; Center for Rheumatology Research, Landspitali-The National University Hospital of Iceland, Bld 14 at Eiriksgata, IS-101 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | - Elin Soffia Olafsdottir
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Iceland, Hofsvallagata 53, IS-107 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Ingibjorg Hardardottir
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Biomedical Center, Vatnsmyrarvegur 16, IS-101 Reykjavik, Iceland; Department of Immunology, Landspitali-The National University Hospital of Iceland, Bld 14 at Eiriksgata, IS-101 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Jona Freysdottir
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Biomedical Center, Vatnsmyrarvegur 16, IS-101 Reykjavik, Iceland; Department of Immunology, Landspitali-The National University Hospital of Iceland, Bld 14 at Eiriksgata, IS-101 Reykjavik, Iceland; Center for Rheumatology Research, Landspitali-The National University Hospital of Iceland, Bld 14 at Eiriksgata, IS-101 Reykjavik, Iceland.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Hagert C, Siitonen R, Li XG, Liljenbäck H, Roivainen A, Holmdahl R. Rapid spread of mannan to the immune system, skin and joints within 6 hours after local exposure. Clin Exp Immunol 2019; 196:383-391. [PMID: 30712330 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis (Ps), psoriatic arthritis (PsA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are common diseases dependent on environmental factors that activate the immune system in unknown ways. Mannan is a group of polysaccharides common in the environment; they are potentially pathogenic, because at least some of them induce Ps-, PsA- and RA-like inflammation in mice. Here, we used positron emission tomography/computed tomography to examine in-vivo transport and spread of mannan labelled with fluorine-18 [18 F]. The results showed that mannan was transported to joints (knee) and bone marrow (tibia) of mice within 6 h after intraperitoneal injection. The time it took to transport mannan, and its presence in blood, indicated cellular transport of mannan within the circulatory system. In addition, mannan was filtered mainly through the spleen and liver. [18 F]fluoromannan was excreted via kidneys, small intestine and, to some extent, the mouth. In conclusion, mannan reaches joints rapidly after injection, which may explain why mannan-induced inflammatory disease is targeted to these tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Hagert
- Medical Inflammation Research, MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,The National Doctoral Programme in Informational and Structural Biology, Turku, Finland
| | - R Siitonen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - X-G Li
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Turku PET Centre, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - H Liljenbäck
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - A Roivainen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - R Holmdahl
- Medical Inflammation Research, MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Medical Inflammation Research, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Gao Y, Liang G, Wang Q, She X, Shi D, Shen Y, Su X, Wang X, Wang W, Li D, Liu W. Different Host Immunological Response to C. albicans by Human Oral and Vaginal Epithelial Cells. Mycopathologia 2019; 184:1-12. [DOI: 10.1007/s11046-018-0301-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
21
|
Hagert C, Sareila O, Kelkka T, Jalkanen S, Holmdahl R. The Macrophage Mannose Receptor Regulate Mannan-Induced Psoriasis, Psoriatic Arthritis, and Rheumatoid Arthritis-Like Disease Models. Front Immunol 2018; 9:114. [PMID: 29467756 PMCID: PMC5808283 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The injection of mannan into mice can result in the development of psoriasis (Ps) and psoriatic arthritis (PsA), whereas co-injection with antibodies toward collagen type II leads to a chronic rheumatoid-like arthritis. The critical event in all these diseases is mannan-mediated activation of macrophages, causing more severe disease if the macrophages are deficient in neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 (Ncf1), i.e., lack the capacity to make a reactive oxygen species (ROS) burst. In this study, we investigated the role of one of the receptors binding mannan; the macrophage mannose receptor (MR, CD206). MR is a C-type lectin present on myeloid cells and lymphatics. We found that mice deficient in MR expression had more severe mannan-induced Ps, PsA as well as rheumatoid-like arthritis. Interestingly, the MR-mediated protection was partly lost in Ncf1 mutated mice and was associated with an type 2 macrophage expansion. In conclusion, these results show that MR protects against a pathogenic inflammatory macrophage response induced by mannan and is associated with induction of ROS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Hagert
- Medicity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,The National Doctoral Programme in Informational and Structural Biology (ISB), Turku, Finland
| | - Outi Sareila
- Medicity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Medical Inflammation Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tiina Kelkka
- Medicity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,The Turku Doctoral Programme of Biomedical Sciences (TuBS), Turku, Finland
| | - Sirpa Jalkanen
- Medicity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Rikard Holmdahl
- Medicity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Medical Inflammation Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Naglik JR, König A, Hube B, Gaffen SL. Candida albicans-epithelial interactions and induction of mucosal innate immunity. Curr Opin Microbiol 2017; 40:104-112. [PMID: 29156234 PMCID: PMC5733685 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2017.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Candida albicans is a human fungal pathogen that causes millions of mucosal and life-threatening infections annually. C. albicans initially interacts with epithelial cells, resulting in fungal recognition and the formation of hyphae. Hypha formation is critical for host cell damage and immune activation, which are both driven by the secretion of Candidalysin, a recently discovered peptide toxin. Epithelial activation leads to the production of inflammatory mediators that recruit innate immune cells including neutrophils, macrophages and innate Type 17 cells, which together work with epithelial cells to clear the fungal infection. This review will focus on the recent discoveries that have advanced our understanding of C. albicans-epithelial interactions and the induction of mucosal innate immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julian R Naglik
- Mucosal and Salivary Biology Division, King's College London Dental Institute, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom.
| | - Annika König
- Department of Microbial Pathogenicity Mechanisms, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans-Knoell-Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Bernhard Hube
- Department of Microbial Pathogenicity Mechanisms, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans-Knoell-Institute, Jena, Germany; Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany; Center for Sepsis Control and Care, University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Sarah L Gaffen
- Division of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Liang N, Yang YP, Li W, Wu YY, Zhang ZW, Luo Y, Fan YM. Overexpression of NLRP3, NLRC4 and AIM2 inflammasomes and their priming-associated molecules (TLR2, TLR4, Dectin-1, Dectin-2 and NFκB) in Malassezia
folliculitis. Mycoses 2017; 61:111-118. [PMID: 28976036 DOI: 10.1111/myc.12711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 09/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ni Liang
- Department of Dermatology; Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University; Zhanjiang Guangdong China
| | - Yan-Ping Yang
- Department of Dermatology; Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University; Zhanjiang Guangdong China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Dermatology; Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University; Zhanjiang Guangdong China
| | - Ya-Yun Wu
- Department of Dermatology; Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University; Zhanjiang Guangdong China
| | - Zi-Wei Zhang
- Department of Dermatology; Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University; Zhanjiang Guangdong China
| | - Yun Luo
- Department of Dermatology; Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University; Zhanjiang Guangdong China
| | - Yi-Ming Fan
- Department of Dermatology; Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University; Zhanjiang Guangdong China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Ackerman AL, Underhill DM. The mycobiome of the human urinary tract: potential roles for fungi in urology. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2017; 5:31. [PMID: 28217696 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2016.12.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The mycobiome, defined as the fungal microbiota within a host environment, is an important but understudied component of the human microbial ecosystem. New culture-independent approaches to determine microbial diversity, such as next-generation sequencing methods, have discovered specific, characteristic, commensal fungal populations present in different body sites. These studies have also identified diverse patterns in fungal communities associated with various diseases. While alterations in urinary bacterial communities have been noted in disease states, a comprehensive description of the urinary mycobiome has been lacking. Early evidence suggests the urinary mycobiome is a diverse community with high intraindividual variability. In other disease systems, the mycobiome is thought to interact with other biomes and the host to play a role in organ homeostasis and pathology; further study will be needed to elucidate the role fungi play in bladder health and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Lenore Ackerman
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - David M Underhill
- Department of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Impact of inhibitor of apoptosis proteins on immune modulation and inflammation. Immunol Cell Biol 2016; 95:236-243. [DOI: 10.1038/icb.2016.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Revised: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
26
|
Tervaniemi MH, Katayama S, Skoog T, Siitonen HA, Vuola J, Nuutila K, Sormunen R, Johnsson A, Linnarsson S, Suomela S, Kankuri E, Kere J, Elomaa O. NOD-like receptor signaling and inflammasome-related pathways are highlighted in psoriatic epidermis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:22745. [PMID: 26976200 PMCID: PMC4792137 DOI: 10.1038/srep22745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Psoriatic skin differs distinctly from normal skin by its thickened epidermis. Most gene expression comparisons utilize full-thickness biopsies, with substantial amount of dermis. We assayed the transcriptomes of normal, lesional, and non-lesional psoriatic epidermis, sampled as split-thickness skin grafts, with 5′-end RNA sequencing. We found that psoriatic epidermis contains more mRNA per total RNA than controls, and took this into account in the bioinformatic analysis. The approach highlighted innate immunity-related pathways in psoriasis, including NOD-like receptor (NLR) signaling and inflammasome activation. We demonstrated that the NLR signaling genes NOD2, PYCARD, CARD6, and IFI16 are upregulated in psoriatic epidermis, and strengthened these findings by protein expression. Interestingly, PYCARD, the key component of the inflammasome, showed an altered expression pattern in the lesional epidermis. The profiling of non-lesional skin highlighted PSORS4 and mitochondrially encoded transcripts, suggesting that their gene expression is altered already before the development of lesions. Our data suggest that all components needed for the active inflammasome are present in the keratinocytes of psoriatic skin. The characterization of inflammasome pathways provides further opportunities for therapy. Complementing previous transcriptome studies, our approach gives deeper insight into the gene regulation in psoriatic epidermis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mari H Tervaniemi
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Medicum and Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Shintaro Katayama
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden.,Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden
| | - Tiina Skoog
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - H Annika Siitonen
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Medicum and Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jyrki Vuola
- Helsinki Burn Center, Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kristo Nuutila
- Department of Pharmacology, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Raija Sormunen
- Biocenter Oulu, Department of Pathology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Anna Johnsson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sten Linnarsson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sari Suomela
- Department of Dermatology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Esko Kankuri
- Department of Pharmacology, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Juha Kere
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Medicum and Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden.,Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden
| | - Outi Elomaa
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Medicum and Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Zhao GQ, Qiu XY, Lin J, Li Q, Hu LT, Wang Q, Li H. Co-regulation of Dectin-1 and TLR2 in inflammatory response of human corneal epithelial cells induced by Aspergillus fumigates. Int J Ophthalmol 2016; 9:185-90. [PMID: 26949633 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2016.02.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the co-regulation of dendritic cell-associated C-type lectin-1 (Dectin-1), Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2), and relative chemotactic factors in the Telomease-immortalized human corneal epithelial (THCE) cells after exposure to Aspergillus fumigatus (Af) hyphae. METHODS The normal THCE cells were investigated as control. After cultured in vitro with Af hyphae, with or without laminarin and anti-TLR2 antibody for 4, 8, 16 and 24h, THCE cells were harvested. The expression of Dectin-1, TLR2, CXCL1 and CXCL8 mRNA were measured by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction at the stimulation of 4, 8 and 16h separately. The protein expression of Dectin-1 and TLR2 were analyzed at 8, 16, and 24h by Western blot. RESULTS The mRNA expression of CXCL1 and CXCL8 increased in THCE cells after stimulated by Af hyphae. The stimulatory effects on these inflammatory chemokines were shown in a dose-dependent manner and reached the peak at 8h. Af hyphae significantly stimulated the production of Dectin-1 and TLR2 in THCE cells at both mRNA and protein levels. The protein of Dectin-1 and TLR2 gradually increased till 16h. While pretreated with laminarin (a Dectin-1 inhibitor), the expression of TLR2, CXCL1 and CXCL8 all decreased dramatically at the peak point. Interestingly, when pretreated with TLR2 neutralizing antibody, the expression of Dectin-1, CXCL1 and CXCL8 also decreased dramatically at the peak point. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that Dectin-1 and TLR2 co-regulated with each other after treated with inactive Af hyphae in the THCE cells, and they contribute together to the inflammatory responses by induction of chemokines CXCL1 and CXCL8.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Qiu Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xue-Yan Qiu
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jing Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, China
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, China
| | - Li-Ting Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Chowdhari S, Saini N. Gene expression profiling reveals the role of RIG1 like receptor signaling in p53 dependent apoptosis induced by PUVA in keratinocytes. Cell Signal 2016; 28:25-33. [PMID: 26518362 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2015.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Photochemotherapy using 8-methoxypsoralen in combination with UVA radiation (PUVA) is an effective treatment for various skin dermatosis including psoriasis however its molecular mechanism is not clear. Previously we demonstrated that PUVA differentially regulates miRNA expression profile with a significant up-regulation of hsa-miR-4516. To study in detail the molecular mechanism of PUVA in keratinocytes, we investigated the genome wide transcriptomic changes using Illumina whole genome gene expression beadchip. Microarray analysis revealed 1932 differentially expressed gene and their Insilico analysis revealed Retinoic Acid Inducible Gene-I (RIG-1) signaling, apoptosis and p53 pathway to be associated with PUVA induced effects. We demonstrate that miR-4516 mediated down-regulation of UBE2N promotes p53 nuclear translocation and pro-apoptotic activity of PUVA is independent of IRF3 but is mediated by the RIG-I in a p53 and NFκB dependent manner. Additionally, PUVA inactivated the AKT/mTOR pathway in concert with inhibition of autophagy and suppressed cell migration. Taken together this study broadens our understanding about the mechanism of action of PUVA providing possible new strategy targeting proapoptotic function of RIG-1, a regulator of innate immune response or p53 for psoriasis therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shruti Chowdhari
- Functional Genomics Unit, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mall Road, Delhi -110007, India
| | - Neeru Saini
- Functional Genomics Unit, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mall Road, Delhi -110007, India.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Sakimoto T, Ishimori A. Anti-inflammatory effect of topical administration of tofacitinib on corneal inflammation. Exp Eye Res 2015; 145:110-117. [PMID: 26689752 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2015.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2015] [Revised: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated an anti-inflammatory effect of topical administration of tofacitinib, janus kinase (JAK) blocker, on corneal inflammation. Topical instillation of either tofacitinib or PBS was applied after wounding BALB/c mice corneas with alkali burn. Topical instillation was performed until day 14 after injury and injured eye was analyzed. The vascularized area in the alkali burned cornea was significantly reduced in the tofacitinib group compared with that in the PBS group. The immunoreactivity of Gr-1, F4/80, IFN-γ, and phosphorylated STAT(signal transducer and activator of transcription)1 in corneal stroma was diminished significantly in the tofacitinib group. Using laser capture microdissection system and quantitative PCR array analysis, the expression levels of CXCL9, CXCL5, CCL7, CCL2, MMP(matrix metalloproteinase)-9, and STAT1 in corneal stroma were down-regulated in the tofacitinib group. In in vitro study, human fibroblast pretreated by IFN-γ showed phosphorylation of STAT1, and this phosphorylation was down-regulated by adding tofacitinib to the culture medium. These results indicate the topical application of JAK inhibitor causes down-regulation of JAK- or IFN-γ-related molecules. Therefore, we deduce that application of JAK inhibitor for topical instillation may contribute to the treatment of corneal inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tohru Sakimoto
- Department of Visual Sciences, Division of Ophthalmology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Akiko Ishimori
- Department of Visual Sciences, Division of Ophthalmology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
de Koning HD, Schalkwijk J, Stoffels M, Jongekrijg J, Jacobs JFM, Verwiel E, Koenen HJPM, Preijers F, Holzinger D, Joosten I, van der Meer JWM, Simon A. The role of interleukin-1 beta in the pathophysiology of Schnitzler's syndrome. Arthritis Res Ther 2015. [PMID: 26198339 PMCID: PMC4511239 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-015-0696-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Schnitzler’s syndrome (SchS) is a disabling autoinflammatory disorder, characterized by a chronic urticarial rash, an M-protein, arthralgia, and other signs of systemic inflammation. Anti-interleukin-1 (IL-1) beta antibodies are highly effective, but the pathophysiology is still largely unknown. Here we studied the effect of in-vivo IL-1 inhibition on serum markers of inflammation and cellular immune responses. Methods Eight patients with SchS received monthly subcutaneous (s.c.) injections with 150 mg canakinumab for six months. Blood was drawn for measurement of serum markers of inflammation (12 times per patient) and for functional and phenotypic analysis of both freshly isolated and toll-like receptor (TLR)-ligand-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) (five times per patient). All data were compared to results of healthy controls. Results IL-6 levels in serum and in lysates of freshly isolated PBMCs and serum myeloid-related protein (MRP8)/14 and S100A12 levels correlated with disease activity. In vitro, LPS stimulation resulted in higher IL-6 and IL-1 beta production in PBMCs from symptomatic SchS patients compared to healthy controls, whereas patient cells were relatively hyporesponsive to poly:IC and Pam3Cys. The mRNA microarray of PBMCs showed distinct transcriptomes for controls, symptomatic patients and anti-IL-1-treated patients. Numbers of T- and B-cell subsets as well as M-protein concentrations were not affected by IL-1 inhibition. Free light chain levels were elevated in 4 out of 8 patients. Conclusions In conclusion, patient PBMCs are hyperresponsive to LPS, and clinical efficacy of IL-1 beta inhibition in patients with SchS is associated with in-vivo and ex-vivo suppression of inflammation. Interestingly, patient PBMCs showed divergent responses to TLR2/6, TLR3 and TLR4 ligands. Our data underscore that IL-1 beta plays a pivotal role in SchS. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13075-015-0696-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heleen D de Koning
- Departments of Dermatology, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. .,Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. .,Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. .,Nijmegen Center for Immunodeficiency and Autoinflammation, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Joost Schalkwijk
- Departments of Dermatology, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. .,Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. .,Nijmegen Center for Immunodeficiency and Autoinflammation, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Monique Stoffels
- Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. .,Nijmegen Center for Immunodeficiency and Autoinflammation, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Johanna Jongekrijg
- Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Joannes F M Jacobs
- Laboratory Medicine - Laboratory for Medical Immunology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Eugène Verwiel
- Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Hans J P M Koenen
- Laboratory Medicine - Laboratory for Medical Immunology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Frank Preijers
- Laboratory Medicine - Laboratory for Hematology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Dirk Holzinger
- Department of Paediatric Rheumatology and Immunology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany. .,Institute of Immunology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany.
| | - Irma Joosten
- Laboratory Medicine - Laboratory for Medical Immunology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Jos W M van der Meer
- Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. .,Nijmegen Center for Immunodeficiency and Autoinflammation, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Anna Simon
- Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. .,Nijmegen Center for Immunodeficiency and Autoinflammation, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Ulbricht C. An Evidence-Based Systematic Review of Beta-Glucan by the Natural Standard Research Collaboration. J Diet Suppl 2014; 11:361-475. [DOI: 10.3109/09286586.2014.975066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
|
32
|
Li C, Zhao GQ, Che CY, Li N, Lin J, Xu Q, Wang Q, Liu Y, Qiu S. Expression of dectin-1 during fungus infection in human corneal epithelial cells. Int J Ophthalmol 2014; 7:34-7. [PMID: 24634860 DOI: 10.3980/j.issn.2222-3959.2014.01.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2012] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the expression of dendritic cell-associated C-type lectin-1 (dectin-1) in human corneal epithelial (HCE) cells infected by fungus. METHODS A total of 20 cases of healthy donor corneas were group A, and 20 patients (20 eyes) suffered from fungal keratitis (FK) composed group B. Real-time qPCR and immunohistochemistry were applied to detect dectin-1 expression in corneal epithelium of both groups. HCE cells were cultured with aspergillus fumigatus (AF) antigens in vitro. The expression of dectin-1 mRNA was measured by real-time qPCR at the stimulation of 0, 4, 8 and 24h separately. Dectin-1 protein was detected by immunocytochemistry at 0 and 24h separately. RESULTS Dectin-1 expressed in corneal epithelium of normal persons and FK patients. Vitro cellular experiment showed that the expression of dectin-1 mRNA in HCE cells began to increase after stimulation of AF antigens at 4h, and dectin-1 protein expression increased after stimulation at 24h. CONCLUSION Dectin-1 expressed in corneal epithelium of normal persons. AF antigens stimulation can elevate the expression of dectin-1 in HCE cells in vitro.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cui Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, China
| | - Gui-Qiu Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, China
| | - Cheng-Ye Che
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jing Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, China
| | - Qiang Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, China
| | - Sheng Qiu
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Feller L, Altini M, Khammissa R, Chandran R, Bouckaert M, Lemmer J. Oral mucosal immunity. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2013; 116:576-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2013.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2013] [Revised: 06/20/2013] [Accepted: 07/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
34
|
Garcia-Rodriguez S, Arias-Santiago S, Perandrés-López R, Castellote L, Zumaquero E, Navarro P, Buendía-Eisman A, Ruiz JC, Orgaz-Molina J, Sancho J, M Zubiaur. Increased gene expression of Toll-like receptor 4 on peripheral blood mononuclear cells in patients with psoriasis. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2013; 27:242-50. [PMID: 23457721 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-3083.2011.04372.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A role for the innate immune system in driving the autoimmune T cell cascade in psoriasis has been proposed. Toll-like receptors-(TLR)-2 and -4 play a role in inflammation, atherosclerosis, and their specific role in psoriasis remains unclear. OBJECTIVE To evaluate TLR2 and TLR4 gene expression levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from psoriatic patients. METHODS Changes in TLR2 ⁄ 4 gene expressions were evaluated using quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, from twenty-one patients with severe psoriasis, and analysed whether there was any correlation with cytokine plasma levels (T-helper 0-, T-helper 1-, T-helper 2- or regulatory T cells-type), or Calprotectin and with S100A8 and S100A9 gene expression levels. Eleven non-psoriatic healthy controls were analysed. RESULTS A clear increase in TLR4 gene expression was observed (3.84 ± 0.93, n = 21) together with a moderate increase in TLR2 expression (1.522 ± 0.31, n = 21). Both TLR4 and TLR2 gene expressions were significantly augmented in psoriatic patients compared with controls (all P < 0.001). Correlations between TLR2 and S100A9 gene expressions (r = 0.5145, P = 0.0170, n = 21); and between TLR2 expression and plasma interleukin-2 (r = 0.5667, P = 0.0074); interleukin-4 (r = 0.4766, P = 0.0289), interleukin-10 (r = 0.4355, P = 0.0484) and interleukin-13 (r = 0.4603, P = 0.0358), were found. When patients with atheroma plaque were considered (n = 7), both TLR4 (3.47 ± 0.99, P = 0.0156) and TLR2 (1.63 ± 0.31, P = 0.0156) expressions were significantly increased vs. controls and correlated with plasma TNF-a (r = 0.8929, P = 0.0123, in both cases). CONCLUSION Differential TLR4 ⁄ 2 gene expressions on psoriatic peripheral blood mononuclear cells and correlations with regulatory and ⁄ or proinflammatory cytokines and ⁄ or damage-associated molecular pattern molecule S100A9 emphasize innate immune response role in psoriasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Garcia-Rodriguez
- Department of Cellular Biology and Immunology, Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina López-Neyra, IPBLN-CSIC, PT Ciencias de Salud, Armilla, Granada, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Kuo IH, Yoshida T, De Benedetto A, Beck LA. The cutaneous innate immune response in patients with atopic dermatitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2013; 131:266-78. [PMID: 23374259 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2012.12.1563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2012] [Accepted: 12/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Orchestrating when and how the cutaneous innate immune system should respond to commensal or pathogenic microbes is a critical function of the epithelium. The cutaneous innate immune system is a key determinant of the physical, chemical, microbial, and immunologic barrier functions of the epidermis. A malfunction in this system can lead to an inadequate host response to a pathogen or a persistent inflammatory state. Atopic dermatitis is the most common inflammatory skin disorder and characterized by abnormalities in both skin barrier structures (stratum corneum and tight junctions), a robust T(H)2 response to environmental antigens, defects in innate immunity, and an altered microbiome. Many of these abnormalities may occur as the consequence of epidermal dysfunction. The epidermis directly interfaces with the environment and, not surprisingly, expresses many pattern recognition receptors that make it a key player in cutaneous innate immune responses to skin infections and injury. This review will discuss the role epidermal innate receptors play in regulation of skin barriers and, where possible, discuss the relevance of these findings for patients with atopic dermatitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I-Hsin Kuo
- Department of Dermatology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Dietz WM, Skinner NEB, Hamilton SE, Jund MD, Heitfeld SM, Litterman AJ, Hwu P, Chen ZY, Salazar AM, Ohlfest JR, Blazar BR, Pennell CA, Osborn MJ. Minicircle DNA is superior to plasmid DNA in eliciting antigen-specific CD8+ T-cell responses. Mol Ther 2013; 21:1526-35. [PMID: 23689601 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2013.85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2012] [Accepted: 04/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical trials reveal that plasmid DNA (pDNA)-based gene delivery must be improved to realize its potential to treat human disease. Current pDNA platforms suffer from brief transgene expression, primarily due to the spread of transcriptionally repressive chromatin initially deposited on plasmid bacterial backbone sequences. Minicircle (MC) DNA lacks plasmid backbone sequences and correspondingly confers higher levels of sustained transgene expression upon delivery, accounting for its success in preclinical gene therapy models. In this study, we show for the first time that MC DNA also functions as a vaccine platform. We used a luciferase reporter transgene to demonstrate that intradermal delivery of MC DNA, relative to pDNA, resulted in significantly higher and persistent levels of luciferase expression in mouse skin. Next, we immunized mice intradermally with DNA encoding a peptide that, when presented by the appropriate major histocompatibility complex class I molecule, was recognized by endogenous CD8(+) T cells. Finally, immunization with peptide-encoding MC DNA, but not the corresponding full-length (FL) pDNA, conferred significant protection in mice challenged with Listeria monocytogenes expressing the model peptide. Together, our results suggest intradermal delivery of MC DNA may prove more efficacious for prophylaxis than traditional pDNA vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wynette M Dietz
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Center for Immunology and Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Carlström M, Ekman AK, Petersson S, Söderkvist P, Enerbäck C. Genetic support for the role of the NLRP3 inflammasome in psoriasis susceptibility. Exp Dermatol 2013; 21:932-7. [PMID: 23171454 DOI: 10.1111/exd.12049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
NACHT leucine-rich repeat- and PYD-containing (NLRP)3 protein controls the inflammasome by regulating caspase-1 activity and interleukin (IL)-1β processing. The contribution of IL-1β in the pathogenesis of psoriasis is well recognized. Polymorphisms in NLRP3 and caspase recruitment domain-containing protein (CARD)8, a negative regulator of caspase-1 activity, have been associated with susceptibility to common inflammatory diseases, such as Crohn's disease and rheumatoid arthritis. To investigate the role for genetic variants in the NLRP3 inflammasome in psoriasis susceptibility. In a patient sample comprising 1988 individuals from 491 families and 1002 healthy controls, genotypes for four selected single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in NLRP3 (three SNPs) and CARD8 (one SNP) were determined by TaqMan(®) Allelic Discrimination. Using the transmission disequilibrium test (TDT), a significant increase in the transmission of the NLRP3 rs10733113G genotype to a subgroup of patients with more widespread psoriasis was demonstrated (P = 0.015). Using logistic regression analysis in 741 patients with psoriasis and 1002 controls, the CARD8 rs2043211 genotype was significantly different in cases and controls in overall terms [OR 1.3 (1.1-1.5), P = 0.004] and for both genders. Our data support the hypothesis that the inflammasome plays a role in psoriasis susceptibility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Carlström
- Division of Cell Biology and Dermatology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Ingrid Asp Psoriasis Research Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
|
39
|
Singh A, Morris RJ. Innate immunity and the regulation and mobilization of keratinocyte stem cells: are the old players playing a new game? Exp Dermatol 2013; 21:660-4. [PMID: 22897573 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0625.2012.01566.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The skin provides an anatomical barrier to physical, chemical and biological agents. Hence, it is not surprising that it has well-developed innate immunity. What we find surprising is that the CD49f(+) /CD34(+) hair follicle stem cells should have an enriched expression profile of so many genes involved in innate immunity. Do these stem cells require extra protection from environmental insults? Or, could there be a new role for these genes? To probe these questions, we first summarize the roles of some key players in epidermal innate immunity. We next focus on their expression in CD49f(+) /CD34(+) hair follicle stem cells. Then, we consider recent data suggesting a new role for these 'old players' in the regulation and mobilization of haematopoietic and mesenchymal stem cells. Finally, we hypothesize that the 'old players' in these hair follicle stem cells may be playing a 'new game'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Singh
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN55912, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Nguyen TV, Cowen EW, Leslie KS. Autoinflammation: From monogenic syndromes to common skin diseases. J Am Acad Dermatol 2013; 68:834-53. [PMID: 23453357 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2012.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2012] [Revised: 10/05/2012] [Accepted: 11/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Autoinflammation is characterized by aberrant regulation of the innate immune system and often manifests as periodic fevers and systemic inflammation involving multiple organs, including the skin. Mutations leading to abnormal behavior or activity of the interleukin 1 beta (IL-1ß)-processing inflammasome complex have been found in several rare autoinflammatory syndromes, for which anticytokine therapy such as IL-1 or tumor necrosis factor-alfa inhibition may be effective. It is becoming clear that features of autoinflammation also affect common dermatoses, some of which were previously thought to be solely autoimmune in origin (eg, vitiligo, systemic lupus erythematosus). Recognizing the pathogenetic role of autoinflammation can open up new avenues for the targeted treatment of complex, inflammatory dermatoses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tien V Nguyen
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Che CY, Li C, Gao A, Lin J, Zhang LL, Xu Q, Wang Q, Zhao GQ. Dectin-1 expression at early period of Aspergillus fumigatus infection in rat's corneal epithelium. Int J Ophthalmol 2013; 6:30-3. [PMID: 23447102 DOI: 10.3980/j.issn.2222-3959.2013.01.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2012] [Accepted: 02/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the expression of dendritic cell-associated C-type lectin-1(dectin-1) at the early period of Aspergillus fumigatus infection in rat's corneal epithelium. METHODS A total of 72 Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups: A, B and C. The right eyes were chosen as experimental eyes. Group A was control group. Rats in group B were not inoculated with Aspergillus fumigatus. Group C was taken as Aspergillus fumigatus keratitis model. Rats in group B and C (six from each group) were executed randomly at 4, 8, 16 and 24 hours after experimental model being established to assess the expression of dectin-1 mRNA through real-time PCR. Another six rats in group B and C were executed randomly at 24 hours to assess the expression of dectin-1 protein through immunohistochemistry. RESULTS The results of real-time PCR indicated that dectin-1 mRNA expression was low in corneal epithelium of normal rats'. There was no significantly difference of dectin-1 mRNA expression in group A and B (P>0.05). The expression of Aspergillus fumigatus infected corneal epithelium increased gradually after 8 hours in group C. The synchronous expression of group A and C had significant difference (P<0.01). Immunohistochemisty discovered that dectin-1 receptor existed in normal rat's corneal epithelium. Dectin-1 protein increased after 24 hours in group C. There was a significant difference of synchronous expression in group B and C (P<0.01). CONCLUSION Dectin-1 exists in rat's corneal epithelium and its expression significantly increases at the early period of Aspergillus fumigatus infection. Dectin-1 is a pattern recognition receptor that expresses in corneal epithelium and involves in immune response to Aspergillus fungal keratitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Ye Che
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Zeeuwen PLJM, Boekhorst J, van den Bogaard EH, de Koning HD, van de Kerkhof PMC, Saulnier DM, van Swam II, van Hijum SAFT, Kleerebezem M, Schalkwijk J, Timmerman HM. Microbiome dynamics of human epidermis following skin barrier disruption. Genome Biol 2012; 13:R101. [PMID: 23153041 PMCID: PMC3580493 DOI: 10.1186/gb-2012-13-11-r101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2012] [Revised: 10/01/2012] [Accepted: 11/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent advances in sequencing technologies have enabled metagenomic analyses of many human body sites. Several studies have catalogued the composition of bacterial communities of the surface of human skin, mostly under static conditions in healthy volunteers. Skin injury will disturb the cutaneous homeostasis of the host tissue and its commensal microbiota, but the dynamics of this process have not been studied before. Here we analyzed the microbiota of the surface layer and the deeper layers of the stratum corneum of normal skin, and we investigated the dynamics of recolonization of skin microbiota following skin barrier disruption by tape stripping as a model of superficial injury. RESULTS We observed gender differences in microbiota composition and showed that bacteria are not uniformly distributed in the stratum corneum. Phylogenetic distance analysis was employed to follow microbiota development during recolonization of injured skin. Surprisingly, the developing neo-microbiome at day 14 was more similar to that of the deeper stratum corneum layers than to the initial surface microbiome. In addition, we also observed variation in the host response towards superficial injury as assessed by the induction of antimicrobial protein expression in epidermal keratinocytes. CONCLUSIONS We suggest that the microbiome of the deeper layers, rather than that of the superficial skin layer, may be regarded as the host indigenous microbiome. Characterization of the skin microbiome under dynamic conditions, and the ensuing response of the microbial community and host tissue, will shed further light on the complex interaction between resident bacteria and epidermis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick LJM Zeeuwen
- Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences (NCMLS), Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, PO BOX 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Nijmegen Institute for Infection, Inflammation and Immunity (N4i), Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, PO BOX 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jos Boekhorst
- Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences (NCMLS), Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, PO BOX 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Centre for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics (CMBI), Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, PO BOX 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- NIZO Food Research B.V., Kernhemseweg 2, 6718 ZB, Ede, The Netherlands
| | - Ellen H van den Bogaard
- Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences (NCMLS), Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, PO BOX 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Nijmegen Institute for Infection, Inflammation and Immunity (N4i), Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, PO BOX 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Heleen D de Koning
- Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences (NCMLS), Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, PO BOX 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Nijmegen Institute for Infection, Inflammation and Immunity (N4i), Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, PO BOX 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter MC van de Kerkhof
- Nijmegen Institute for Infection, Inflammation and Immunity (N4i), Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, PO BOX 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Iris I van Swam
- NIZO Food Research B.V., Kernhemseweg 2, 6718 ZB, Ede, The Netherlands
| | - Sacha AFT van Hijum
- Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences (NCMLS), Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, PO BOX 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Centre for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics (CMBI), Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, PO BOX 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- NIZO Food Research B.V., Kernhemseweg 2, 6718 ZB, Ede, The Netherlands
| | - Michiel Kleerebezem
- NIZO Food Research B.V., Kernhemseweg 2, 6718 ZB, Ede, The Netherlands
- Wageningen University, Host-Microbe Interactomics Group, De Elst 1, 6708 WD, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Joost Schalkwijk
- Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences (NCMLS), Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, PO BOX 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Nijmegen Institute for Infection, Inflammation and Immunity (N4i), Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, PO BOX 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Harro M Timmerman
- NIZO Food Research B.V., Kernhemseweg 2, 6718 ZB, Ede, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Jansen PAM, van den Bogaard EH, Kersten FFJ, Oostendorp C, van Vlijmen-Willems IMJJ, Oji V, Traupe H, Hennies HC, Schalkwijk J, Zeeuwen PLJM. Cystatin M/E knockdown by lentiviral delivery of shRNA impairs epidermal morphogenesis of human skin equivalents. Exp Dermatol 2012; 21:889-91. [DOI: 10.1111/exd.12022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Corien Oostendorp
- Department of Dermatology; Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre; Nijmegen; the Netherlands
| | | | - Vinzenz Oji
- Department of Dermatology; University Hospital; Münster; Germany
| | - Heiko Traupe
- Department of Dermatology; University Hospital; Münster; Germany
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Bergboer JG, Zeeuwen PL, Schalkwijk J. Genetics of Psoriasis: Evidence for Epistatic Interaction between Skin Barrier Abnormalities and Immune Deviation. J Invest Dermatol 2012; 132:2320-2331. [DOI: 10.1038/jid.2012.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
45
|
de Koning HD, Simon A, Zeeuwen PLJM, Schalkwijk J. Pattern recognition receptors in infectious skin diseases. Microbes Infect 2012; 14:881-93. [PMID: 22516809 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2012.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2011] [Revised: 03/15/2012] [Accepted: 03/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
During the last decade, multiple pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) have been identified. These are involved in the innate immune response against a plethora of pathogens. However, PRR functioning can also be detrimental, even during infections. This review discusses the current knowledge on PRRs that recognize dermatotropic pathogens, and potential therapeutical implications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heleen D de Koning
- Department of Dermatology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB, The Netherlands.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
de la Fuente H, Perez-Gala S, Bonay P, Cruz-Adalia A, Cibrian D, Sanchez-Cuellar S, Dauden E, Fresno M, García-Diez A, Sanchez-Madrid F. Psoriasis in humans is associated with down-regulation of galectins in dendritic cells. J Pathol 2012; 228:193-203. [PMID: 22271227 DOI: 10.1002/path.3996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2011] [Revised: 12/22/2011] [Accepted: 01/15/2012] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
We have investigated the expression and role of galectin-1 and other galectins in psoriasis and in the Th1/Th17 effector and dendritic cell responses associated with this chronic inflammatory skin condition. To determine differences between psoriasis patients and healthy donors, expression of galectins was analysed by RT-PCR in skin samples and on epidermal and peripheral blood dendritic cells by immunofluorescence and flow cytometry. In the skin of healthy donors, galectin-1, -3 and -9 were expressed in a high proportion of Langerhans cells. Also, galectins were differentially expressed in peripheral blood dendritic cell subsets; galectin-1 and galectin-9 were highly expressed in peripheral myeloid dendritic cells compared with plasmacytoid dendritic cells. We found that non-lesional as well as lesional skin samples from psoriasis patients had low levels of galectin-1 at the mRNA and protein levels, in parallel with low levels of IL-10 mRNA compared with skin from healthy patients. However, only lesional skin samples expressed high levels of Th1/Th17 cytokines. The analysis of galectin-1 expression showed that this protein was down-regulated in Langerhans cells and dermal dendritic cells as well as in peripheral blood CD11c(+) DCs from psoriasis patients. Expression of galectin-1 correlated with IL-17 and IL-10 expression and with the psoriasis area and index activity. Addition of galectin-1 to co-cultures of human monocyte-derived dendritic cells with autologous T lymphocytes from psoriasis patients attenuated the Th1 response. Conversely, blockade of galectin binding increased IFNγ production and inhibited IL-10 secretion in co-cultures of monocyte-derived dendritic cells with CD4(+) T cells. Our results suggest a model in which galectin-1 down-regulation contributes to the exacerbation of the Th1/Th17 effector response in psoriasis patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H de la Fuente
- Immunology Department, Hospital de la Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
de Koning HD, Simon A, Zeeuwen PLJM, Schalkwijk J. Pattern recognition receptors in immune disorders affecting the skin. J Innate Immun 2012; 4:225-40. [PMID: 22398307 DOI: 10.1159/000335900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2011] [Accepted: 12/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) evolved to protect organisms against pathogens, but excessive signaling can induce immune responses that are harmful to the host. Putative PRR dysfunction is associated with numerous immune disorders that affect the skin, such as systemic lupus erythematosus, cryopyrin-associated periodic syndrome, and primary inflammatory skin diseases including psoriasis and atopic dermatitis. As yet, the evidence is often confined to genetic association studies without additional proof of a causal relationship. However, insight into the role of PRRs in the pathophysiology of some disorders has already resulted in new therapeutic approaches based on immunomodulation of PRRs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heleen D de Koning
- Department of Dermatology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Abstract
It is now clear that the epidermis has an active role in local immune responses in the skin. Keratinocytes are involved early in inflammation by providing first-line innate mechanisms and, in addition, can contribute to adaptive immune responses that may be associated with clinical disease. Moreover, keratinocytes are capable of enhancing and shaping the outcome of inflammation in response to stimuli and promoting particular types of immune bias. Through understanding the underlying mechanisms, the role of keratinocytes in disease pathogenesis will be further defined, which is likely to lead to the identification of potential targets for prophylactic or therapeutic intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danuta Gutowska-Owsiak
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Hau CS, Tada Y, Shibata S, Uratsuji H, Asano Y, Sugaya M, Kadono T, Kanda N, Watanabe S, Tamaki K, Sato S. High calcium, ATP, and poly(I:C) augment the immune response to β-glucan in normal human epidermal keratinocytes. J Invest Dermatol 2011; 131:2255-62. [PMID: 21796149 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2011.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
β-Glucans are pathogen-associated molecular patterns of fungi such as Candida albicans. Here, we studied their effects on normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEKs) from neonatal foreskin, and with high calcium to induce keratinocyte differentiation, danger signals, and pathogen-associated compounds such as adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP), poly(I:C), and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). β-Glucan stimulation significantly increased IL-8, IL-6, and IL-1α production by NHEKs. Well-differentiated NHEKs produced elevated IL-8 levels, whereas ATP, a danger signal, significantly increased IL-8 and IL-6 production, and the pathogen-associated compound, poly(I:C), augmented IL-1α production by β-glucan-stimulated NHEKs. No response to LPS from Escherichia coli was seen. Dectin-1 is known as the major receptor for β-glucans on phagocytes and dendritic cells. Dectin-1 mRNA was detected in NHEKs by reverse transcription-PCR. Flow-cytometric analyses confirmed the NHEK cell surface expression of dectin-1. Immunoblotting showed that β-glucan induced dual phosphorylation of p44/42 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) (extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2), and p38 MAPK in NHEKs; these signaling pathways are known to be associated with dectin-1. Treatment with the ERK inhibitor PD98059 and with the p38 kinase inhibitor SB203580 effectively suppressed β-glucan-induced IL-8 production by NHEKs. Thus, high calcium, ATP, and poly(I:C) augment the cytokine and chemokine production by β-glucan-stimulated NHEKs. Dectin-1 is present on NHEKs and may have an important role in cell response to β-glucan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carren Sy Hau
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Naglik JR, Moyes DL, Wächtler B, Hube B. Candida albicans interactions with epithelial cells and mucosal immunity. Microbes Infect 2011; 13:963-76. [PMID: 21801848 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2011.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2011] [Revised: 06/10/2011] [Accepted: 06/10/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Candida albicans interactions with epithelial cells are critical for commensal growth, fungal pathogenicity and host defence. This review will outline our current understanding of C. albicans-epithelial interactions and will discuss how this may lead to the induction of a protective mucosal immune response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julian R Naglik
- Department of Oral Immunology, King's College London Dental Institute, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|