1
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Suljević D, Fočak M, Škrijelj R, Mitrašinović-Brulić M. Therapeutic benefit of oregano oil in the acute idiosyncratic hepatotoxicity induced by carbon tetrachloride in rats: Adverse effects of high dose of oreganum. Cell Biochem Funct 2024; 42:e4015. [PMID: 38613208 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.4015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Toxicity caused by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) can lead to serious liver injury. The aim of the study is to investigate the protective effects of oregano oil (Origanum minutiflorum extract oil) against CCl4-induced liver injury. Two doses of oregano oil were used in the experiment: a low dose (LD; 20 mg/kg) and a high dose (HD; 60 mg/kg) during 2 weeks. CCl4 caused severe liver damage, nucleolus destruction in hepatocytes and cytogenetic changes in the nucleus. Indirectly, CCl4 causes decreased protein synthesis and significantly high creatinine and urea values. Hematological disorders have been recorded, such as decreased RBC and hemoglobin concentration, increased WBC and deformability of the erythrocyte membrane. Both doses of oregano oil had protective effects. Improved protein synthesis and high globulins level, creatinine and urea were found in both groups. Cytogenetic changes in the nucleus of hepatocytes were reduced. A high dose of oregano oil had maximal protective effects for RBC, but a very weak effect on hemoglobin synthesis. Also, WBC and lymphocyte values were low. Origanum stimulates protein synthesis and recovery of hepatocytes after liver injury, reduces the deformability of the erythrocyte membrane. High doses of oregano oil decreased WBC and lymphocytes which may lead to a weakening of the immune response. However, high doses are more effective against severe platelet aggregation than low doses, suggesting an effective treatment against thrombocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damir Suljević
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Muhamed Fočak
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Rifat Škrijelj
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Maja Mitrašinović-Brulić
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
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2
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Su Y, Cao N, Zhang D, Wang M. The effect of ferroptosis-related mitochondrial dysfunction in the development of temporal lobe epilepsy. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 96:102248. [PMID: 38408490 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is the most common form of epileptic syndrome. It has been established that due to its complex pathogenesis, a considerable proportion of TLE patients often progress to drug-resistant epilepsy. Ferroptosis has emerged as an important neuronal death mechanism in TLE, which is primarily influenced by lipid accumulation and oxidative stress. In previous studies of ferroptosis, more attention has been focused on the impact of changes in the levels of proteins related to the redox equilibrium and signaling pathways on epileptic seizures. However, it is worth noting that the oxidative-reduction changes in different organelles may have different pathophysiological significance in the process of ferroptosis-related diseases. Mitochondria, as a key organelle involved in ferroptosis, its structural damage and functional impairment can lead to energy metabolism disorders and disruption of the excitatory inhibitory balance, significantly increasing the susceptibility to epileptic seizures. Therefore, secondary mitochondrial dysfunction in the process of ferroptosis could play a crucial role in TLE pathogenesis. This review focuses on ferroptosis and mitochondria, discussing the pathogenic role of ferroptosis-related mitochondrial dysfunction in TLE, thus aiming to provide novel insights and potential implications of ferroptosis-related secondary mitochondrial dysfunction in epileptic seizures and to offer new insights for the precise exploration of ferroptosis-related therapeutic targets for TLE patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Su
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, China
| | - Ningrui Cao
- West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dingkun Zhang
- Laboratory of Clinical Proteomics and Metabolomics, Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Minjin Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, China; Department of Neurology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, China.
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3
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Min SH, Kang GM, Park JW, Kim MS. Beneficial Effects of Low-Grade Mitochondrial Stress on Metabolic Diseases and Aging. Yonsei Med J 2024; 65:55-69. [PMID: 38288646 PMCID: PMC10827639 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2023.0131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria function as platforms for bioenergetics, nutrient metabolism, intracellular signaling, innate immunity regulators, and modulators of stem cell activity. Thus, the decline in mitochondrial functions causes or correlates with diabetes mellitus and many aging-related diseases. Upon stress or damage, the mitochondria elicit a series of adaptive responses to overcome stress and restore their structural integrity and functional homeostasis. These adaptive responses to low-level or transient mitochondrial stress promote health and resilience to upcoming stress. Beneficial effects of low-grade mitochondrial stress, termed mitohormesis, have been observed in various organisms, including mammals. Accumulated evidence indicates that treatments boosting mitohormesis have therapeutic potential in various human diseases accompanied by mitochondrial stress. Here, we review multiple cellular signaling pathways and interorgan communication mechanisms through which mitochondrial stress leads to advantageous outcomes. We also discuss the relevance of mitohormesis in obesity, diabetes, metabolic liver disease, aging, and exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se Hee Min
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetes Center, Asan Medical Center and University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Appetite Regulation Laboratory, Asan Institute for Life Science, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gil Myoung Kang
- Appetite Regulation Laboratory, Asan Institute for Life Science, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Woo Park
- Appetite Regulation Laboratory, Asan Institute for Life Science, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min-Seon Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetes Center, Asan Medical Center and University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Appetite Regulation Laboratory, Asan Institute for Life Science, Seoul, Korea.
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4
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Kwon A, Lee NY, Yu JH, Choi MG, Park J, Koo JH. Mitochondrial stress activates YAP/TAZ through RhoA oxidation to promote liver injury. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:51. [PMID: 38225223 PMCID: PMC10789791 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06448-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Yes-associated protein (YAP) and WW domain-containing transcription regulator protein 1 (WWTR1; also known as TAZ) are the main effectors of the Hippo pathway and their dysregulation contributes to diseases in tissues including the liver. Although mitochondria are capable of transmitting signals to change transcriptomic landscape of diseased hepatocytes, such retrograde signaling and the related nuclear machinery are largely unknown. Here, we show that increased YAP activity is associated with mitochondrial stress during liver injury; and this is required for secondary inflammation, promoting hepatocyte death. Mitochondrial stress inducers robustly promoted YAP/TAZ dephosphorylation, nuclear accumulation, and target gene transcription. RNA sequencing revealed that the majority of mitochondrial stress transcripts required YAP/TAZ. Mechanistically, direct oxidation of RhoA by mitochondrial superoxide was responsible for PP2A-mediated YAP/TAZ dephosphorylation providing a novel physiological input for the Hippo pathway. Hepatocyte-specific Yap/Taz ablation suppressed acetaminophen-induced liver injury and blunted transcriptomic changes associated with the pathology. Our observations uncover unappreciated pathway of mitochondrial stress signaling and reveal YAP/TAZ activation as the mechanistic basis for liver injury progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ari Kwon
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Na Young Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Jae-Hyun Yu
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Myeung Gi Choi
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Jeongwoo Park
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Ja Hyun Koo
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea.
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5
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Fan X, Wang X, Hui Y, Zhao T, Mao L, Cui B, Zhong W, Sun C. Genipin protects against acute liver injury by abrogating ferroptosis via modification of GPX4 and ALOX15-launched lipid peroxidation in mice. Apoptosis 2023; 28:1469-1483. [PMID: 37354317 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-023-01867-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
It is essential to further characterize liver injury aimed at developing novel therapeutic approaches. This study investigated the mechanistic basis of genipin against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-triggered acute liver injury concerning ferroptosis, a novel discovered modality of regulated cell death. All experiments were performed using hepatotoxic models upon CCl4 exposure in mice and human hepatocytes in vitro. Immunohistochemistry, immunoblotting, molecular docking, RNA-sequencing and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) were conducted. CCl4 intoxication was manifested with lipid peroxidation-dictated ferroptotic cell death, together with changes in a cascade of ferroptosis-associated events and several regulatory pathways. Both the administration of genipin and ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1) significantly prevented this hepatotoxicity in response to CCl4 intoxication via upregulating GPX4 and xCT (i.e., critical regulators of ferroptosis). RNA-sequencing unraveled that arachidonic acid metabolism was considerably influenced upon genipin treatment. Accordingly, genipin treatment attenuated arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase (ALOX15)-launched lipid peroxidation in terms of UHPLC-MS/MS analysis and inflammation. In vitro, genipin supplementation rescued erastin-induced hepatocellular inviability and lipid ROS accumulation. The siRNA knockdown of GPX4 partially abrogated the protective effects of genipin on erastin-induced cytotoxicity, whereas the cytotoxicity was less severe in the presence of diminished ALOX15 expression in L-O2 cells. In conclusion, our findings uncovered that genipin treatment protects against CCl4-triggered acute liver injury by abrogating hepatocyte ferroptosis, wherein the pharmacological modification of dysregulated GPX4 and ALOX15-launched lipid peroxidation was responsible for underlying medicinal effects as molecular basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Fan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road 154, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China
- Tianjin Institute of Digestive Disease, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road 154, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road 154, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China
- Tianjin Institute of Digestive Disease, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road 154, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Yangyang Hui
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road 154, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China
- Tianjin Institute of Digestive Disease, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road 154, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Tianming Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Zhongshan Road 321,Gulou District, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lihong Mao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road 154, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China
- Tianjin Institute of Digestive Disease, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road 154, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Binxin Cui
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road 154, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital Airport Hospital, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, East Street 6, Tianjin, 300308, China
| | - Weilong Zhong
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road 154, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China
- Tianjin Institute of Digestive Disease, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road 154, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Chao Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road 154, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China.
- Tianjin Institute of Digestive Disease, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road 154, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China.
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital Airport Hospital, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, East Street 6, Tianjin, 300308, China.
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6
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Yang H, Chen J, Li J. Isolation, culture, and delivery considerations for the use of mesenchymal stem cells in potential therapies for acute liver failure. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1243220. [PMID: 37744328 PMCID: PMC10513107 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1243220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute liver failure (ALF) is a high-mortality syndrome for which liver transplantation is considered the only effective treatment option. A shortage of donor organs, high costs and surgical complications associated with immune rejection constrain the therapeutic effects of liver transplantation. Recently, mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy was recognized as an alternative strategy for liver transplantation. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) have been used in clinical trials of several liver diseases due to their ease of acquisition, strong proliferation ability, multipotent differentiation, homing to the lesion site, low immunogenicity and anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic effects. In this review, we comprehensively summarized the harvest and culture expansion strategies for BMSCs, the development of animal models of ALF of different aetiologies, the critical mechanisms of BMSC therapy for ALF and the challenge of clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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7
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Zheng K, Hao F, Medrano-Garcia S, Chen C, Guo F, Morán-Blanco L, Rodríguez-Perales S, Torres-Ruiz R, Peligros MI, Vaquero J, Bañares R, Gómez Del Moral M, Regueiro JR, Martínez-Naves E, Mohamed MR, Gallego-Durán R, Maya D, Ampuero J, Romero-Gómez M, Gilbert-Ramos A, Guixé-Muntet S, Fernández-Iglesias A, Gracia-Sancho J, Coll M, Graupera I, Ginès P, Ciudin A, Rivera-Esteban J, Pericàs JM, Frutos MD, Ramos Molina B, Herranz JM, Ávila MA, Nevzorova YA, Fernández-Malavé E, Cubero FJ. Neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog (N-RAS) deficiency aggravates liver injury and fibrosis. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:514. [PMID: 37563155 PMCID: PMC10415403 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06029-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Progressive hepatic damage and fibrosis are major features of chronic liver diseases of different etiology, yet the underlying molecular mechanisms remain to be fully defined. N-RAS, a member of the RAS family of small guanine nucleotide-binding proteins also encompassing the highly homologous H-RAS and K-RAS isoforms, was previously reported to modulate cell death and renal fibrosis; however, its role in liver damage and fibrogenesis remains unknown. Here, we approached this question by using N-RAS deficient (N-RAS-/-) mice and two experimental models of liver injury and fibrosis, namely carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) intoxication and bile duct ligation (BDL). In wild-type (N-RAS+/+) mice both hepatotoxic procedures augmented N-RAS expression in the liver. Compared to N-RAS+/+ counterparts, N-RAS-/- mice subjected to either CCl4 or BDL showed exacerbated liver injury and fibrosis, which was associated with enhanced hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation and leukocyte infiltration in the damaged liver. At the molecular level, after CCl4 or BDL, N-RAS-/- livers exhibited augmented expression of necroptotic death markers along with JNK1/2 hyperactivation. In line with this, N-RAS ablation in a human hepatocytic cell line resulted in enhanced activation of JNK and necroptosis mediators in response to cell death stimuli. Of note, loss of hepatic N-RAS expression was characteristic of chronic liver disease patients with fibrosis. Collectively, our study unveils a novel role for N-RAS as a negative controller of the progression of liver injury and fibrogenesis, by critically downregulating signaling pathways leading to hepatocyte necroptosis. Furthermore, it suggests that N-RAS may be of potential clinical value as prognostic biomarker of progressive fibrotic liver damage, or as a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of chronic liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Zheng
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology & ENT, Complutense University School of Medicine, Madrid, Spain
- 12 de Octubre Health Research Institute (imas12), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing Pukou District Hospital of Chinese Medicine Central Laboratory affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Fengjie Hao
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology & ENT, Complutense University School of Medicine, Madrid, Spain
- 12 de Octubre Health Research Institute (imas12), Madrid, Spain
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sandra Medrano-Garcia
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology & ENT, Complutense University School of Medicine, Madrid, Spain
- 12 de Octubre Health Research Institute (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Chaobo Chen
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology & ENT, Complutense University School of Medicine, Madrid, Spain
- Department of General Surgery, Wuxi Xishan People's Hospital, Wuxi, China
- Department of General Surgery, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Feifei Guo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Laura Morán-Blanco
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology & ENT, Complutense University School of Medicine, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sandra Rodríguez-Perales
- Molecular Cytogenetics and Genome Editing Unit, Human Cancer Genetics Program, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Raúl Torres-Ruiz
- Molecular Cytogenetics and Genome Editing Unit, Human Cancer Genetics Program, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - María Isabel Peligros
- Servicio de Anatomía Patológica Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Vaquero
- Servicio de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Bañares
- Servicio de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Gómez Del Moral
- 12 de Octubre Health Research Institute (imas12), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Complutense University School of Medicine, Madrid, Spain
| | - José R Regueiro
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology & ENT, Complutense University School of Medicine, Madrid, Spain
- 12 de Octubre Health Research Institute (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduardo Martínez-Naves
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology & ENT, Complutense University School of Medicine, Madrid, Spain
- 12 de Octubre Health Research Institute (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Rocío Gallego-Durán
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla/Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Douglas Maya
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla/Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Javier Ampuero
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla/Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Manuel Romero-Gómez
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla/Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Albert Gilbert-Ramos
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
- Liver Vascular Biology, IDIBAPS Biomedical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergi Guixé-Muntet
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
- Liver Vascular Biology, IDIBAPS Biomedical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anabel Fernández-Iglesias
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
- Liver Vascular Biology, IDIBAPS Biomedical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Gracia-Sancho
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
- Liver Vascular Biology, IDIBAPS Biomedical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Mar Coll
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
- Laboratorio de Plasticidad de Células Hepáticas y Reparación de Tejidos, Institut d´Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isabel Graupera
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
- Laboratorio de Plasticidad de Células Hepáticas y Reparación de Tejidos, Institut d´Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Liver Unit, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pere Ginès
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Liver Unit, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andreea Ciudin
- Endocrinology Department, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Vall d'Hebron Institute for Research (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jesús Rivera-Esteban
- Liver Unit, Internal Medicine Department, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Vall d'Hebron Institute for Research (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan M Pericàs
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
- Liver Unit, Internal Medicine Department, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Vall d'Hebron Institute for Research (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Dolores Frutos
- Department of General and Digestive System Surgery, Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, Murcia, Spain
| | - Bruno Ramos Molina
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
- Laboratorio de Obesidad y Metabolismo, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), Murcia, Spain
| | - José María Herranz
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
- Hepatology Programme, Centre for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Matías A Ávila
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
- Hepatology Programme, Centre for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Yulia A Nevzorova
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology & ENT, Complutense University School of Medicine, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Madrid, Spain
| | - Edgar Fernández-Malavé
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology & ENT, Complutense University School of Medicine, Madrid, Spain
- 12 de Octubre Health Research Institute (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Cubero
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology & ENT, Complutense University School of Medicine, Madrid, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Madrid, Spain.
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8
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Hammad S, Ogris C, Othman A, Erdoesi P, Schmidt-Heck W, Biermayer I, Helm B, Gao Y, Piorońska W, Holland CH, D'Alessandro LA, de la Torre C, Sticht C, Al Aoua S, Theis FJ, Bantel H, Ebert MP, Klingmüller U, Hengstler JG, Dooley S, Mueller NS. Tolerance of repeated toxic injuries of murine livers is associated with steatosis and inflammation. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:414. [PMID: 37438332 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05855-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
The human liver has a remarkable capacity to regenerate and thus compensate over decades for fibrosis caused by toxic chemicals, drugs, alcohol, or malnutrition. To date, no protective mechanisms have been identified that help the liver tolerate these repeated injuries. In this study, we revealed dysregulation of lipid metabolism and mild inflammation as protective mechanisms by studying longitudinal multi-omic measurements of liver fibrosis induced by repeated CCl4 injections in mice (n = 45). Based on comprehensive proteomics, transcriptomics, blood- and tissue-level profiling, we uncovered three phases of early disease development-initiation, progression, and tolerance. Using novel multi-omic network analysis, we identified multi-level mechanisms that are significantly dysregulated in the injury-tolerant response. Public data analysis shows that these profiles are altered in human liver diseases, including fibrosis and early cirrhosis stages. Our findings mark the beginning of the tolerance phase as the critical switching point in liver response to repetitive toxic doses. After fostering extracellular matrix accumulation as an acute response, we observe a deposition of tiny lipid droplets in hepatocytes only in the Tolerant phase. Our comprehensive study shows that lipid metabolism and mild inflammation may serve as biomarkers and are putative functional requirements to resist further disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seddik Hammad
- Molecular Hepatology Section, Department of Medicine II, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Veterinary Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt.
| | - Christoph Ogris
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz-Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Amnah Othman
- Department of Toxicology, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IfADo), Dortmund, Germany
| | - Pia Erdoesi
- Molecular Hepatology Section, Department of Medicine II, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Schmidt-Heck
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans Knoell Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Ina Biermayer
- Division Systems Biology of Signal Transduction, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), INF 280, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Barbara Helm
- Division Systems Biology of Signal Transduction, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), INF 280, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yan Gao
- Molecular Hepatology Section, Department of Medicine II, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Weronika Piorońska
- Molecular Hepatology Section, Department of Medicine II, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Christian H Holland
- Department of Toxicology, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IfADo), Dortmund, Germany
| | - Lorenza A D'Alessandro
- Division Systems Biology of Signal Transduction, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), INF 280, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carolina de la Torre
- Core Facility Next Generation Sequencing, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Carsten Sticht
- Core Facility Next Generation Sequencing, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Sherin Al Aoua
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, Hannover, Germany
| | - Fabian J Theis
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz-Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Heike Bantel
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, Hannover, Germany
| | - Matthias P Ebert
- Department of Medicine II, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Mannheim Institute for Innate Immunoscience (MI3), University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Healthy Metabolism, Center of Preventive Medicine and Digital Health, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Ursula Klingmüller
- Division Systems Biology of Signal Transduction, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), INF 280, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jan G Hengstler
- Department of Toxicology, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IfADo), Dortmund, Germany
| | - Steven Dooley
- Molecular Hepatology Section, Department of Medicine II, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Nikola S Mueller
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz-Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.
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Mansouri RA, Ahmed AM, Alshaibi HF, Al-Bazi MM, Banjabi AA, Alsufiani HM, Aloqbi AA, Aboubakr EM. A new cirrhotic animal protocol combining carbon tetrachloride with methotrexate to address limitations of the currently used chemical-induced models. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1201583. [PMID: 37397479 PMCID: PMC10308223 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1201583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Chemically induced cirrhotic animal models are commonly used. However, they have limitations such as high mortalities and low yield of cirrhotic animals that limit their uses. Aims: To overcome limitations of the chemically induced cirrhotic animal model via combined administration of methotrexate (MTX) with CCl4 and decrease their commonly used doses depending on the proposed synergetic cirrhotic effect. Methods: Rats were divided into six groups: normal (4 weeks), normal (8 weeks), MTX, CCl4 (4 weeks), CCl4 (8 weeks), and MTX + CCl4 (4 weeks) groups. Animals' hepatic morphology and histopathological characterization were explored. Hepatic Bcl2 and NF-κB-p65 tissue contents were determined using the immunostaining technique, and hepatic tissue damage, oxidative status, and inflammatory status biochemical parameters were determined. Results: CCl4 + MTX combined administration produced prominent cirrhotic liver changes, further confirmed by a substantial increase in oxidative stress and inflammatory parameters, whereas mortalities were significantly lower than in other treated groups. Conclusion: The present study introduced a new model that can significantly improve the major limitations of chemically induced cirrhotic animal models with new pathological features that mimic human cirrhosis. Compared to other chemically induced methods, the present model can save time, cost, and animal suffering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha A. Mansouri
- Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adel M. Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | - Huda F. Alshaibi
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Embryonic Stem Cell Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha M. Al-Bazi
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Experimental Biochemistry Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abeer A. Banjabi
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hadeil Muhanna Alsufiani
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Experimental Biochemistry Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Akram Ahmed Aloqbi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Esam M. Aboubakr
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
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10
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Xiao Y, Zhao C, Tai Y, Li B, Lan T, Lai E, Dai W, Guo Y, Gan C, Kostallari E, Tang C, Gao J. STING mediates hepatocyte pyroptosis in liver fibrosis by Epigenetically activating the NLRP3 inflammasome. Redox Biol 2023; 62:102691. [PMID: 37018971 PMCID: PMC10106968 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The activation of stimulator of interferon genes (STING) and NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis signaling pathways represent two distinct central mechanisms in liver disease. However, the interconnections between these two pathways and the epigenetic regulation of the STING-NLRP3 axis in hepatocyte pyroptosis during liver fibrosis remain unknown. STING and NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathways are activated in fibrotic livers but are suppressed by Sting knockout. Sting knockout ameliorated hepatic pyroptosis, inflammation, and fibrosis. In vitro, STING induces pyroptosis in primary murine hepatocytes by activating the NLRP3 inflammasome. H3K4-specific histone methyltransferase WD repeat-containing protein 5 (WDR5) and DOT1-like histone H3K79 methyltransferase (DOT1L) are identified to regulate NLRP3 expression in STING-overexpressing AML12 hepatocytes. WDR5/DOT1L-mediated histone methylation enhances interferon regulatory transcription factor 3 (IRF3) binding to the Nlrp3 promoter and promotes STING-induced Nlrp3 transcription in hepatocytes. Moreover, hepatocyte-specific Nlrp3 deletion and downstream Gasdermin D (Gsdmd) knockout attenuate hepatic pyroptosis, inflammation, and fibrosis. RNA-sequencing and metabolomics analysis in murine livers and primary hepatocytes show that oxidative stress and metabolic reprogramming might participate in NLRP3-mediated hepatocyte pyroptosis and liver fibrosis. The STING-NLRP3-GSDMD axis inhibition suppresses hepatic ROS generation. In conclusion, this study describes a novel epigenetic mechanism by which the STING-WDR5/DOT1L/IRF3-NLRP3 signaling pathway enhances hepatocyte pyroptosis and hepatic inflammation in liver fibrosis.
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11
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Hildreth AD, Padilla ET, Tafti RY, Legala AR, O'Sullivan TE. Sterile liver injury induces a protective tissue-resident cDC1-ILC1 circuit through cDC1-intrinsic cGAS-STING-dependent IL-12 production. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112141. [PMID: 36807146 PMCID: PMC10435668 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue-resident immune cells are critical to the initiation and potentiation of inflammation. However, the tissue-protective cellular communication networks initiated by resident immunity during sterile inflammation are not well understood. Using single-cell transcriptomic analysis, we show the liver-resident cell connectome and signalome during acute liver injury. These analyses identify Il12b as a central regulator of liver injury-associated changes in gene expression. Interleukin (IL)-12 produced by conventional type 1 dendritic cells (cDC1s) is required for protection during acute injury through activation of interferon (IFN)-γ production by liver-resident type 1 innate lymphoid cells (ILC1s). Using a targeted in vivo CRISPR-Cas9 screen of innate immune sensing pathways, we find that cDC1-intrinsic cGAS-STING signaling acts upstream of IL-12 production to initiate early protective immune responses. Our study identifies the core communication hubs initiated by tissue-resident innate immune cells during sterile inflammation in vivo and implicates cDC1-derived IL-12 as an important regulator of this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D Hildreth
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Eddie T Padilla
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Rana Yakhshi Tafti
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Akshara R Legala
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Timothy E O'Sullivan
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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12
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Focak M, Suljevic D. Ameliorative Effects of Propolis and Royal Jelly against CCl 4 -Induced Hepatotoxicity and Nephrotoxicity in Wistar Rats. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202200948. [PMID: 36416002 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202200948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4 ) is known to have hepatotoxic and nephrotoxic effects. During the two-month CCl4 exposure of Wistar rats, propolis extract (PE) and royal jelly (RJ) were added in order to test the potential protective effect against hepato-renal injury. Ketonuria, proteinuria, high creatinine and urea levels are the result of CCl4 -induced nephrotoxicity. Severe disorders of hematological indicators indicate anemia; high values of leukocytes indicate inflammatory condition. Cytogenetic impairments in hepatocytes, aggregation of platelets, and hypoproteinemia indicate severe liver impairment. Results suggest a more significant protective role of RJ compared to PE. Both extracts regulated proteinuria, ketonuria, hypoproteinemia and reduced platelet aggregation in the hepatic circulation. The increase in the number of erythrocytes (RBC) suggest protective effects against anemia; the decrease in the number of leukocytes can be linked to anti-inflammatory effects. PE and RJ have a beneficial effect against hepato-renal injury, anemia and anti-inflammatory conditions caused by CCl4 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhamed Focak
- Department of Biology, University of Sarajevo-Faculty of Science, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Damir Suljevic
- Department of Biology, University of Sarajevo-Faculty of Science, Bosnia and Herzegovina
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[Role of hyperglycemia-induced 5-hydroxytryptamine degradation of hepatic stellate cells in hepatic inflammation and fibrosis induced by type 2 diabetes mellitus]. BEIJING DA XUE XUE BAO. YI XUE BAN = JOURNAL OF PEKING UNIVERSITY. HEALTH SCIENCES 2022; 54. [PMID: 36533346 PMCID: PMC9761804 DOI: 10.19723/j.issn.1671-167x.2022.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the role of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)-related hepatic inflammation and fibrosis. METHODS Male C57BL/6J mice were used to establish T2DM model by high-fat diet feeding combined with intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin. Then, the mice with hyperglycemia were still fed with high-fat diet for nine weeks, and treated with or without 5-HT2A receptor (5-HT2AR) antagonist sarpogrelate hydrochloride (SH) and 5-HT synthesis inhibitor carbidopa (CDP) (alone or in combination). To observe the role of 5-HT in the myofibroblastization of hepa-tic stellate cells (HSCs), human HSCs LX-2 were exposed to high glucose, and were treated with or without SH, CDP or monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) inhibitor clorgiline (CGL). Hematoxylin & eosin and Masson staining were used to detect the pathological lesions of liver tissue section, immunohistochemistry and Western blot were used to analyze protein expression, biochemical indicators were measured by ELISA or enzyme kits, and levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) were detected by fluorescent probe. RESULTS There were up-regulated expressions of 5-HT2AR, 5-HT synthases and MAO-A, and elevated levels of 5-HT in the liver of the T2DM mice. In addition to reduction of the hepatic 5-HT levels and MAO-A expression, treatment with SH and CDP could effectively ameliorate liver lesions in the T2DM mice, both of which could ameliorate hepatic injury and steatosis, significantly inhibit the increase of hepatic ROS (H2O2) levels to alleviate oxidative stress, and markedly suppress the production of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) and the development of inflammation and fibrosis in liver. More importantly, there was a synergistic effect between SH and CDP. Studies on LX-2 cells showed that high glucose could induce up-regulation of 5-HT2AR, 5-HT synthases and MAO-A expression, increase intracellular 5-HT level, increase the production of ROS, and lead to myofibroblastization of LX-2, resulting in the increase of TGF-β1 synthesis and production of inflammatory and fibrosis factors. The effects of high glucose could be significantly inhibited by 5-HT2AR antagonist SH or be markedly abolished by mitochondrial 5-HT degradation inhibitor CGL. In addition, SH significantly suppressed the up-regulation of 5-HT synthases and MAO-A induced by high glucose in LX-2. CONCLUSION Hyperglycemia-induced myofibroblastization and TGF-β1 production of HSCs, which leads to hepatic inflammation and fibrosis in T2DM mice, is probably due to the up-regulation of 5-HT2AR expression and increase of 5-HT synthesis and degradation, resulting in the increase of ROS production in mitochondria. Among them, 5-HT2AR is involved in the regulation of 5-HT synthases and MAO-A expression.
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14
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Lu YH, Hong Y, Zhang TY, Chen YX, Wei ZJ, Gao CY. Rosmarinic acid exerts anti-inflammatory effect and relieves oxidative stress via Nrf2 activation in carbon tetrachloride-induced liver damage. Food Nutr Res 2022; 66:8359. [PMID: 36590857 PMCID: PMC9793765 DOI: 10.29219/fnr.v66.8359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Rosmarinic acid (RA) has biological and pharmaceutical properties and shows hepatoprotective potential. However, the hepatoprotective mechanism of RA needs to be further elucidated in vivo and in vitro. Objective This study was aimed to evaluate the protective effect of RA on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver injury and elucidate the hepatoprotective mechanism of RA in vivo and in vitro. Design In vivo, the mice were orally administrated with RA (10, 20, and 40 mg/kg bw) daily for 28 consecutive days, and 1% CCl4 (5 mL/kg bw, dissolved in peanut oil) was used to induce liver injury. In vitro, the big rat liver (BRL) hepatocytes were pretreated with RA (0.2, 0.4, and 0.8 mg/mL) for 3 h, and then the hepatocytes were treated with CC14 (final concentration, 14 mM) for 3 h to induce cell injury. The related indexes, including hepatic function, oxidative stress, protein expression of nuclear-factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway, inflammation, histopathological change, hepatocyte apoptosis, and mitochondrial membrane potential, were evaluated. Results Oral administration of RA to mice considerably decreased the CCl4-induced elevation of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), triacylglycerols (TG), total cholesterol (TC), total bilirubin (TBIL), hepatic reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-8 (IL-8). RA also increased the levels of hepatic glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) and the protein expressions of Nrf2, quinine oxidoreductase (NQO1), and heme oxygenease-1 (HO-1). Histopathological examinations indicated that RA (20 and 40 mg/kg bw) alleviated the liver tissue injury induced by CCl4. Moreover, RA inhibited the hepatocyte apoptosis caused by CCl4 based on TUNEL assay. In vitro, RA pretreatment remarkably recovered the cell viability and reduced the CCl4-induced elevation of AST, ALT, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), ROS, and 8-OHdG. Immunohistochemistry staining demonstrated that pretreatment with RA markedly inhibited the expression of IL-6, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and Caspase-3 in CCl4-treated hepatocytes. Additionally, RA pretreatment significantly decreased the elevation of mitochondrial membrane potential in CCl4-treated hepatocytes. Conclusions RA exerted a protective effect against CCl4-induced liver injury in mice through activating Nrf2 signaling pathway, reducing antioxidant damage, suppressing inflammatory response, and inhibiting hepatocyte apoptosis. RA could attenuate BRL hepatocyte ROS production, DNA oxidative damage, inflammatory response, and apoptosis induced by CCl4 exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-hong Lu
- College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yue Hong
- School of Public Health, Dali University, Dali, China
| | | | - You-xia Chen
- School of Public Health, Dali University, Dali, China
| | - Zhao-jun Wei
- College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan, China,School of Food Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Chun-yan Gao
- College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan, China,Chun-yan Gao, College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, North Minzu University, No. 204, North Street of Wenchang, Xixia district, Yinchuan 750021 China.
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15
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Di Zeo-Sánchez DE, Segovia-Zafra A, Matilla-Cabello G, Pinazo-Bandera JM, Andrade RJ, Lucena MI, Villanueva-Paz M. Modeling drug-induced liver injury: current status and future prospects. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2022; 18:555-573. [DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2022.2122810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel E. Di Zeo-Sánchez
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Gastroenterología, Servicio de Farmacología Clínica, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en el Área Temática de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Segovia-Zafra
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Gastroenterología, Servicio de Farmacología Clínica, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en el Área Temática de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Matilla-Cabello
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Gastroenterología, Servicio de Farmacología Clínica, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - José M. Pinazo-Bandera
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Gastroenterología, Servicio de Farmacología Clínica, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - Raúl J. Andrade
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Gastroenterología, Servicio de Farmacología Clínica, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en el Área Temática de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - M. Isabel Lucena
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Gastroenterología, Servicio de Farmacología Clínica, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en el Área Temática de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Plataforma ISCIII de Ensayos Clínicos. UICEC-IBIMA, 29071, Malaga, Spain
| | - Marina Villanueva-Paz
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Gastroenterología, Servicio de Farmacología Clínica, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain
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16
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Anwar C, Tsai ML, Chen BN, Hsu LY, Lai CS. Molecular mechanisms of Agardhiella subulata attenuates hepatic fibrosis by modulating hepatic stellate cell activation via the reduction of autophagy. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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17
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Ybañez-Julca RO, Palacios J, Asunción-Alvarez D, Quispe-Díaz I, Nwokocha CR, de Albuquerque RDDG. Lepidium meyenii Walp (red maca) Supplementation Prevents Acrylamide-Induced Oxidative Stress and Liver Toxicity in Rats: Phytochemical Composition by UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS. PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2022; 77:460-466. [PMID: 35932411 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-022-01000-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Lepidium meyenii Walp (red maca) is a high Andean plant cultivated since the Incas and has innumerable therapeutic properties. The study aims to identify its phytochemical composition using UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS, and evaluate its effects on acrylamide-induced oxidative stress. The lyophilized aqueous extract of red maca (LAqE-RM) was orally administered in doses of 1 and 2 g/kg body weight for 4 weeks. Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in erythrocytes, brain, and liver, as well as hepatic levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were determined. Administration of acrylamide for 2 and 4 weeks significantly increased (p < 0.001) MDA levels in erythrocytes, brain, and liver. However, LAqE-RM prevented (p < 0.001) an increase in MDA levels in all tissues studied. Likewise, the groups treated with LAqE-RM presented significantly (p < 0.001) lower levels of ALT and AST compared to the control. Treatment with LAqE-RM ameliorated the acrylamide-induced oxidative stress by reducing MDA levels in erythrocytes, brain, and liver and by lowering liver levels of ALT and AST in a dose-dependent manner. Twenty-five secondary metabolites were identified and characterized from LAqE-RM based on UHPLC mass spectrophotometry. These include carbolines, alkamides, fatty acids, and macamides, which are probably involved in their antioxidant protective role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto O Ybañez-Julca
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad Nacional de Trujillo, Trujillo, Perú.
| | - Javier Palacios
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Arturo Prat, Iquique, Chile
| | - Daniel Asunción-Alvarez
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad Nacional de Trujillo, Trujillo, Perú
| | - Ivan Quispe-Díaz
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad Nacional de Trujillo, Trujillo, Perú
| | - Chukwuemeka R Nwokocha
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica
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Wang Y, Hamang M, Culver A, Jiang H, Yanum J, Garcia V, Lee J, White E, Kusumanchi P, Chalasani N, Liangpunsakul S, Yaden BC, Dai G. Activin B promotes the initiation and progression of liver fibrosis. Hepatol Commun 2022; 6:2812-2826. [PMID: 35866567 PMCID: PMC9512478 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.2037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of activin B, a transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) superfamily cytokine, in liver health and disease is largely unknown. We aimed to investigate whether activin B modulates liver fibrogenesis. Liver and serum activin B, along with its analog activin A, were analyzed in patients with liver fibrosis from different etiologies and in mouse acute and chronic liver injury models. Activin B, activin A, or both was immunologically neutralized in mice with progressive or established carbon tetrachloride (CCl4 )-induced liver fibrosis. Hepatic and circulating activin B was increased in human patients with liver fibrosis caused by several liver diseases. In mice, hepatic and circulating activin B exhibited persistent elevation following the onset of several types of liver injury, whereas activin A displayed transient increases. The results revealed a close correlation of activin B with liver injury regardless of etiology and species. Injured hepatocytes produced excessive activin B. Neutralizing activin B largely prevented, as well as improved, CCl4 -induced liver fibrosis, which was augmented by co-neutralizing activin A. Mechanistically, activin B mediated the activation of c-Jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK), the induction of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression, and the maintenance of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) expression in injured livers. Moreover, activin B directly induced a profibrotic expression profile in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and stimulated these cells to form a septa structure. Conclusions: We demonstrate that activin B, cooperating with activin A, mediates the activation or expression of JNK, iNOS, and PARP1 and the activation of HSCs, driving the initiation and progression of liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Department of Biology, School of Science, Center for Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Matthew Hamang
- Department of Biology, School of Science, Center for Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Alexander Culver
- Department of Biology, School of Science, Center for Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Huaizhou Jiang
- Department of Biology, School of Science, Center for Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Jennifer Yanum
- Department of Biology, School of Science, Center for Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Veronica Garcia
- Department of Biology, School of Science, Center for Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Joonyong Lee
- Department of Biology, School of Science, Center for Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Emily White
- College of Science, Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Praveen Kusumanchi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Naga Chalasani
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Suthat Liangpunsakul
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.,Roudebush Veterans Administration Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Benjamin C Yaden
- Department of Biology, School of Science, Center for Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Guoli Dai
- Department of Biology, School of Science, Center for Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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Ahmed AR, Ahmed M, Vun-Sang S, Iqbal M. Is Glyceryl Trinitrate, a Nitric Oxide Donor Responsible for Ameliorating the Chemical-Induced Tissue Injury In Vivo? Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27144362. [PMID: 35889233 PMCID: PMC9318303 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27144362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress induced by well-known toxins including ferric nitrilotriacetate (Fe-NTA), carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) and thioacetamide (TAA) has been attributed to causing tissue injury in the liver and kidney. In this study, the effect of glyceryl trinitrate (GTN), a donor of nitric oxide and NG-nitroarginine methyl ester (l-NAME), a nitric oxide inhibitor on TAA-induced hepatic oxidative stress, GSH and GSH-dependent enzymes, serum transaminases and tumor promotion markers such as ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity and [3H]-thymidine incorporation in rats were examined. The animals were divided into seven groups consisting of six healthy rats per group. The six rats were injected intraperitoneally with TAA to evaluate its toxic effect, improvement in its toxic effect if any, or worsening in its toxic effect if any, when given in combination with GTN or l-NAME. The single necrogenic dose of TAA administration caused a significant change in the levels of both hepatic and serum enzymes such as glutathione S-transferase (GST), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), alanine aminotransferase (AST) and aspartate aminotransferase (ALT). In addition, treatment with TAA also augmented malondialdehyde (MDA), ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity and [3H]-thymidine incorporation in rats liver. Concomitantly, TAA treatment depleted the levels of GSH. However, most of these changes were alleviated by the treatment of animals with GTN dose-dependently. The protective effect of GTN against TAA was also confirmed histopathologically. The present data confirmed our earlier findings with other oxidants including Fe-NTA and CCl4. The GTN showed no change whatsoever when administered alone, however when it was given along with TAA then it showed protection thereby contributing towards defending the role against oxidants-induced organ toxicity. Overall, GTN may contribute to protection against TAA-induced oxidative stress, toxicity, and proliferative response in the liver, according to our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Rahman Ahmed
- Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Faculty of Science, Hamdard University, New Delhi 110062, India;
| | - Mahiba Ahmed
- Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Pullman, WA 99164, USA;
| | - Senty Vun-Sang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Sabah, Malaysia;
| | - Mohammad Iqbal
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Sabah, Malaysia;
- Correspondence: or
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20
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Suppression of Oxidative Stress and Proinflammatory Cytokines Is a Potential Therapeutic Action of Ficus lepicarpa B. (Moraceae) against Carbon Tetrachloride (CCl 4)-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27082593. [PMID: 35458791 PMCID: PMC9029070 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27082593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Local tribes use the leaves of Ficus lepicarpa B. (Moraceae), a traditional Malaysian medicine, as a vegetable dish, a tonic, and to treat ailments including fever, jaundice and ringworm. The purpose of this study was to look into the possible therapeutic effects of F. lepicarpa leaf extract against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver damage in rats. The DPPH test was used to measure the antioxidant activity of plants. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used for the phytochemical analysis (GCMS). Six groups of male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to the following treatment regimens: control group, CCl4 alone, F. lepicarpa 400 mg/kg alone, CCl4 + F. lepicarpa 100 mg/kg, CCl4 + F. lepicarpa 200 mg/kg and CCl4 + F. lepicarpa 400 mg/kg. The rats were euthanized after two weeks, and biomarkers of liver function and antioxidant enzyme status were assessed. To assess the extent of liver damage and fibrosis, histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations of liver tissue were undertaken. The total phenolic content and the total flavonoid content in methanol extract of F. lepicarpa leaves were 58.86 ± 0.04 mg GAE/g and 44.31 ± 0.10 mg CAE/g, respectively. F. lepicarpa’s inhibitory concentration (IC50) for free radical scavenging activity was reported to be 3.73 mg/mL. In a dose-related manner, F. lepicarpa was effective in preventing an increase in serum ALT, serum AST and liver MDA. Histopathological alterations revealed that F. lepicarpa protects against the oxidative stress caused by CCl4. The immunohistochemistry results showed that proinflammatory cytokines (tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, prostaglandin E2) were suppressed. The antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and free-radical scavenging activities of F. lepicarpa can be related to its hepatoprotective benefits.
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21
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Masubuchi Y, Ihara A. Protection of mice against carbon tetrachloride-induced acute liver injury by endogenous and exogenous estrogens. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2022; 46:100460. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dmpk.2022.100460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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22
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Role of Mitochondrial Cytochrome P450 2E1 in Healthy and Diseased Liver. Cells 2022; 11:cells11020288. [PMID: 35053404 PMCID: PMC8774478 DOI: 10.3390/cells11020288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) is pivotal in hepatotoxicity induced by alcohol abuse and different xenobiotics. In this setting, CYP2E1 generates reactive metabolites inducing oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and cell death. In addition, this enzyme appears to play a role in the progression of obesity-related fatty liver to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Indeed, increased CYP2E1 activity in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is deemed to induce reactive oxygen species overproduction, which in turn triggers oxidative stress, necroinflammation and fibrosis. In 1997, Avadhani’s group reported for the first time the presence of CYP2E1 in rat liver mitochondria, and subsequent investigations by other groups confirmed that mitochondrial CYP2E1 (mtCYP2E1) could be found in different experimental models. In this review, we first recall the main features of CYP2E1 including its role in the biotransformation of endogenous and exogenous molecules, the regulation of its expression and activity and its involvement in different liver diseases. Then, we present the current knowledge on the physiological role of mtCYP2E1, its contribution to xenobiotic biotransformation as well as the mechanism and regulation of CYP2E1 targeting to mitochondria. Finally, we discuss experimental investigations suggesting that mtCYP2E1 could have a role in alcohol-associated liver disease, xenobiotic-induced hepatotoxicity and NAFLD.
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23
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CYP2E1 in Alcoholic and Non-Alcoholic Liver Injury. Roles of ROS, Reactive Intermediates and Lipid Overload. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158221. [PMID: 34360999 PMCID: PMC8348366 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
CYP2E1 is one of the fifty-seven cytochrome P450 genes in the human genome and is highly conserved. CYP2E1 is a unique P450 enzyme because its heme iron is constitutively in the high spin state, allowing direct reduction of, e.g., dioxygen, causing the formation of a variety of reactive oxygen species and reduction of xenobiotics to toxic products. The CYP2E1 enzyme has been the focus of scientific interest due to (i) its important endogenous function in liver homeostasis, (ii) its ability to activate procarcinogens and to convert certain drugs, e.g., paracetamol and anesthetics, to cytotoxic end products, (iii) its unique ability to effectively reduce dioxygen to radical species causing liver injury, (iv) its capability to reduce compounds, often generating radical intermediates of direct toxic or indirect immunotoxic properties and (v) its contribution to the development of alcoholic liver disease, steatosis and NASH. In this overview, we present the discovery of the enzyme and studies in humans, 3D liver systems and genetically modified mice to disclose its function and clinical relevance. Induction of the CYP2E1 enzyme either by alcohol or high-fat diet leads to increased severity of liver pathology and likelihood to develop ALD and NASH, with subsequent influence on the occurrence of hepatocellular cancer. Thus, fat-dependent induction of the enzyme might provide a link between steatosis and fibrosis in the liver. We conclude that CYP2E1 has many important physiological functions and is a key enzyme for hepatic carcinogenesis, drug toxicity and liver disease.
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24
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Feng YY, Yu J, Huang YH, Lin YH, Yeh CT. The lipid peroxidation derived DNA adduct γ-OHPdG levels in paraneoplastic liver tissues predict postoperative outcomes of hepatoma. J Cancer 2021; 12:4064-4074. [PMID: 34093810 PMCID: PMC8176245 DOI: 10.7150/jca.56982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic necroinflammation in liver induces lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress, which contributes to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development. Gamma-hydroxy-1, N2-propanodeoxyguanosine (γ-OHPdG), a promutagenic DNA adduct, is derived from lipid peroxidation. Little is known about the clinical roles of γ-OHPdG in relationship to HCC progression. Here, we showed that γ-OHPdG levels were highly expressed in the cancerous HCC tissues (P = 0.020, compared to those in noncancerous parts). Postoperative outcome analysis revealed that higher γ-OHPdG expression in the paraneoplastic noncancerous tissues was independently associated with shorter distant metastasis-free survival (P = 0.020). In subgroup analysis, higher γ-OHPdG expression in the noncancerous tissues in hepatitis B related HCC subgroup was associated with shorter overall survival (P = 0.016) and distant metastasis-free survival (P = 0.006). However, in patient subgroups including non-cirrhosis, bilirubin < 1.2 mg/dL, alanine transaminase < 41 U/L, or aspartate transaminase < 31 U/L, higher γ-OHPdG expression in the cancerous tissues was associated with longer overall survival (P < 0.03 for all). In vitro experiments showed that cell viability was suppressed upon hydrogen peroxide treatment in liver cancer cell lines. In conclusion, lipid peroxidation derived marker, γ-OHPdG, in the paraneoplastic noncancerous and cancerous liver tissues predicted postoperative outcomes in HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Yi Feng
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jen Yu
- Department of internal medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yi Hsuan Huang
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yang-Hsiang Lin
- Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chau-Ting Yeh
- Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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25
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Yang JH, Ku SK, Cho ILJ, Lee JH, Na CS, Ki SH. Neoagarooligosaccharide Protects against Hepatic Fibrosis via Inhibition of TGF-β/Smad Signaling Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:2041. [PMID: 33670808 PMCID: PMC7922480 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22042041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatic fibrosis occurs when liver tissue becomes scarred from repetitive liver injury and inflammatory responses; it can progress to cirrhosis and eventually to hepatocellular carcinoma. Previously, we reported that neoagarooligosaccharides (NAOs), produced by the hydrolysis of agar by β-agarases, have hepatoprotective effects against acetaminophen overdose-induced acute liver injury. However, the effect of NAOs on chronic liver injury, including hepatic fibrosis, has not yet been elucidated. Therefore, we examined whether NAOs protect against fibrogenesis in vitro and in vivo. NAOs ameliorated PAI-1, α-SMA, CTGF and fibronectin protein expression and decreased mRNA levels of fibrogenic genes in TGF-β-treated LX-2 cells. Furthermore, downstream of TGF-β, the Smad signaling pathway was inhibited by NAOs in LX-2 cells. Treatment with NAOs diminished the severity of hepatic injury, as evidenced by reduction in serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels, in carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver fibrosis mouse models. Moreover, NAOs markedly blocked histopathological changes and collagen accumulation, as shown by H&E and Sirius red staining, respectively. Finally, NAOs antagonized the CCl4-induced upregulation of the protein and mRNA levels of fibrogenic genes in the liver. In conclusion, our findings suggest that NAOs may be a promising candidate for the prevention and treatment of chronic liver injury via inhibition of the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hye Yang
- College of Korean Medicine, Dongshin University, Naju, Jeollanam-do 58245, Korea;
| | - Sae Kwang Ku
- College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38610, Korea; (S.K.K.); (I.J.C.)
| | - IL Je Cho
- College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38610, Korea; (S.K.K.); (I.J.C.)
| | - Je Hyeon Lee
- Dyne Bio Inc. Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13209, Korea;
| | - Chang-Su Na
- College of Korean Medicine, Dongshin University, Naju, Jeollanam-do 58245, Korea;
| | - Sung Hwan Ki
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Seoseok-dong, Gwangju 61452, Korea
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26
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Azuma R, Yamasaki T, Sano K, Munekane M, Matsuoka Y, Yamada KI, Mukai T. A radioiodinated nitroxide probe with improved stability against bioreduction for in vivo detection of lipid radicals. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 163:297-305. [PMID: 33359688 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
It is well known that lipid carbon radicals (lipid radicals) are the origin of lipid peroxidation and are involved in various diseases such as cancer. Therefore, the in vivo detection of lipid radicals would be expected to lead to early diagnosis of these diseases. However, there are no methods for measuring lipid radicals in vivo. Nitroxides are known to be highly reactive with lipid radicals, but they tend to be reduced in vivo. Focusing on the excellent detection sensitivity of nuclear medical imaging, we have developed a radioiodinated nitroxide derivative with resistance to bioreduction for the in vivo detection of lipid radicals. The desired compound was obtained successfully and was highly stable against bioreduction while maintaining high reactivity toward lipid radicals. The I-125 labeling was efficacious with radiochemical yields of 84-87% and radiochemical purities of >99%. A cellular uptake assay showed that the radioiodinated compound was significantly taken up by cells under lipid radical-producing conditions compared to that in the absence of lipid radical production. A biodistribution study indicated that the radioiodinated compound accumulated more in organs where lipid peroxidation was promoted than the methoxyamine derivative, which lost reactivity to lipid radicals. These results indicated that the developed probe became trapped in cells or organs by reacting with lipid radicals. Thus, the radioiodinated nitroxide is a candidate probe for in vivo detection of lipid radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Risa Azuma
- Laboratory of Biophysical Chemistry, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, 4-19-1 Motoyama-kita, Higashinada, Kobe, 658-8558, Japan
| | - Toshihide Yamasaki
- Laboratory of Biophysical Chemistry, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, 4-19-1 Motoyama-kita, Higashinada, Kobe, 658-8558, Japan
| | - Kohei Sano
- Laboratory of Biophysical Chemistry, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, 4-19-1 Motoyama-kita, Higashinada, Kobe, 658-8558, Japan
| | - Masayuki Munekane
- Laboratory of Biophysical Chemistry, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, 4-19-1 Motoyama-kita, Higashinada, Kobe, 658-8558, Japan
| | - Yuta Matsuoka
- Physical Chemistry for Life Science Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Yamada
- Physical Chemistry for Life Science Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan; AMED-CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Mukai
- Laboratory of Biophysical Chemistry, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, 4-19-1 Motoyama-kita, Higashinada, Kobe, 658-8558, Japan.
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27
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Period1 mediates rhythmic metabolism of toxins by interacting with CYP2E1. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:76. [PMID: 33436540 PMCID: PMC7804260 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-03343-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The biological clock is an endogenous biological timing system, which controls metabolic functions in almost all organs. Nutrient metabolism, substrate processing, and detoxification are circadian controlled in livers. However, how the clock genes respond to toxins and influence toxicity keeps unclear. We identified the clock gene Per1 was specifically elevated in mice exposed to toxins such as carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). Mice lacking Per1 slowed down the metabolic rate of toxins including CCl4, capsaicin, and acetaminophen, exhibiting relatively more residues in the plasma. Liver injury and fibrosis induced by acute and chronic CCl4 exposure were markedly alleviated in Per1-deficient mice. These processes involved the binding of PER1 protein and hepatocyte nuclear factor-1alpha (HNF-1α), which enhances the recruitment of HNF-1α to cytochrome P450 2E1 (Cyp2e1) promoter and increases Cyp2e1 expression, thereby promoting metabolism for toxins in the livers. These results indicate that PER1 mediates the metabolism of toxins and appropriate suppression of Per1 response is a potential therapeutic target for toxin-induced hepatotoxicity.
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28
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Yamakawa Y, Doi T, Naitou Y, Kawai H, Mitsumoto A, Kudo N, Kawashima Y. A single pretreatment with clofibric acid attenuates carbon tetrachloride-induced necrosis, but not steatosis, in rat liver. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 145:111591. [PMID: 32739454 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated whether a single pretreatment with clofibric acid suppresses liver injury in rats after CCl4 intoxication. Rats received a single pretreatment with clofibric acid (100 mg/kg, i.p.) 1 h prior to a CCl4 (1 mL/kg, p.o.) challenge, and were euthanized 24 h after the CCl4 administration. A single pretreatment with clofibric acid effectively suppressed increases in the serum aminotransferase activities and the severity of necrosis following the CCl4 challenge, whereas the pretreatment did not protect against CCl4-induced fatty liver. The clofibric acid pretreatment did not affect blood concentrations of CCl4 in the early stage after CCl4 dosing, or the level of the CCl4 reaching the liver 1 h after the CCl4 challenge. Moreover, the clofibric acid pretreatment did not affect the intensity of the covalent binding of the [14C]CCl4 metabolite to microsomal proteins and lipids. The clofibric acid pretreatment did not alter microsomal cytochrome P450 2E1 activity. Based on these results, we conclude that protection against CCl4-induced hepatocellular necrosis by a clofibric acid pretreatment does not require its repeated administration, and that a single and brief pre-exposure to clofibric acid prior to CCl4 dosing markedly suppresses necrosis without affecting the development and progression of steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Yamakawa
- Research and Development Laboratories, Maruho Co, 1 Awatacho, Chudoji, Shimogyo-ku, Kyoto, 600-8815, Japan
| | - Takaaki Doi
- Research and Development Laboratories, Maruho Co, 1 Awatacho, Chudoji, Shimogyo-ku, Kyoto, 600-8815, Japan
| | - Yoshizumi Naitou
- Research and Development Laboratories, Maruho Co, 1 Awatacho, Chudoji, Shimogyo-ku, Kyoto, 600-8815, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kawai
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, 1-1 Keyakidai, Sakado, Saitama, 350-0295, Japan
| | - Atsushi Mitsumoto
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai International University, Gumyo, Togane, Chiba, 283-8555, Japan
| | - Naomi Kudo
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, 1-1 Keyakidai, Sakado, Saitama, 350-0295, Japan
| | - Yoichi Kawashima
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, 1-1 Keyakidai, Sakado, Saitama, 350-0295, Japan.
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29
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Nabekura T, Riggan L, Hildreth AD, O’Sullivan TE, Shibuya A. Type 1 Innate Lymphoid Cells Protect Mice from Acute Liver Injury via Interferon-γ Secretion for Upregulating Bcl-xL Expression in Hepatocytes. Immunity 2020; 52:96-108.e9. [PMID: 31810881 PMCID: PMC8108607 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2019.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Although type 1 innate lymphoid cells (ILC1s) have been originally found as liver-resident ILCs, their pathophysiological role in the liver remains poorly investigated. Here, we demonstrated that carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) injection into mice activated ILC1s, but not natural killer (NK) cells, in the liver. Activated ILC1s produced interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and protected mice from CCl4-induced acute liver injury. IFN-γ released from activated ILC1s promoted the survival of hepatocytes through upregulation of Bcl-xL. An activating NK receptor, DNAM-1, was required for the optimal activation and IFN-γ production of liver ILC1s. Extracellular adenosine triphosphate accelerated interleukin-12-driven IFN-γ production by liver ILC1s. These findings suggest that ILC1s are critical for tissue protection during acute liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsukasa Nabekura
- Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance (TARA), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan.,Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan.,R&D Center for Innovative Drug Discovery, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Luke Riggan
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Andrew D. Hildreth
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Timothy E. O’Sullivan
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Akira Shibuya
- Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance (TARA), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan; R&D Center for Innovative Drug Discovery, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan.
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Liu L, Xie B, Fan M, Candas-Green D, Jiang JX, Wei R, Wang Y, Chen HW, Hu Y, Li JJ. Low-Level Saturated Fatty Acid Palmitate Benefits Liver Cells by Boosting Mitochondrial Metabolism via CDK1-SIRT3-CPT2 Cascade. Dev Cell 2019; 52:196-209.e9. [PMID: 31866205 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2019.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Saturated fatty acids (SFAs) (the "bad" fat), especially palmitate (PA), in the human diet are blamed for potential health risks such as obesity and cancer because of SFA-induced lipotoxicity. However, epidemiological results demonstrate a latent benefit of SFAs, and it remains elusive whether a certain low level of SFAs is physiologically essential for maintaining cell metabolic hemostasis. Here, we demonstrate that although high-level PA (HPA) indeed induces lipotoxic effects in liver cells, low-level PA (LPA) increases mitochondrial functions and alleviates the injuries induced by HPA or hepatoxic agent carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). LPA treatment in mice enhanced liver mitochondrial activity and reduced CCl4 hepatotoxicity with improved blood levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), and mitochondrial aspartate transaminase (m-AST). LPA-mediated mitochondrial homeostasis is regulated by CDK1-mediated SIRT3 phosphorylation, which in turn deacetylates and dimerizes CPT2 to enhance fatty acid oxidation. Thus, an advantageous effect is suggested by the consumption of LPA that augments mitochondrial metabolic homeostasis via CDK1-SIRT3-CPT2 cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA; Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguan Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bowen Xie
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Ming Fan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Demet Candas-Green
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Joy X Jiang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Ryan Wei
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA; Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yinsheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Hong-Wu Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA; Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Yiyang Hu
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguan Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Jian Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA; Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA.
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Alteration of mitochondrial DNA homeostasis in drug-induced liver injury. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 135:110916. [PMID: 31669601 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.110916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) encodes for 13 proteins involved in the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) process. In liver, genetic or acquired impairment of mtDNA homeostasis can reduce ATP output but also decrease fatty acid oxidation, thus leading to different hepatic lesions including massive necrosis and microvesicular steatosis. Hence, a severe impairment of mtDNA homeostasis can lead to liver failure and death. An increasing number of investigations report that some drugs can induce mitochondrial dysfunction and drug-induced liver injury (DILI) by altering mtDNA homeostasis. Some drugs such as ciprofloxacin, antiretroviral nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors and tacrine can inhibit hepatic mtDNA replication, thus inducing mtDNA depletion. Drug-induced reduced mtDNA levels can also be the consequence of reactive oxygen species-mediated oxidative damage to mtDNA, which triggers its degradation by mitochondrial nucleases. Such mechanism is suspected for acetaminophen and troglitazone. Other pharmaceuticals such as linezolid and tetracyclines can impair mtDNA translation, thus selectively reducing the synthesis of the 13 mtDNA-encoded proteins. Lastly, some drugs might alter the mtDNA methylation status but the pathophysiological consequences of such alteration are still unclear. Drug-induced impairment of mtDNA homeostasis is probably under-recognized since preclinical and post-marketing safety studies do not classically investigate mtDNA levels, mitochondrial protein synthesis and mtDNA oxidative damage.
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Challan SB, Marzook FA, Massoud A. Synthesis of radioiodinated carnosine for hepatotoxicity imaging induced by carbon tetrachloride and its biological assessment in rats. RADIOCHIM ACTA 2019. [DOI: 10.1515/ract-2019-3162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The imaging of organs is very important in the field of diagnosis especially in case of liver diseases. In the present work, carnosine was successfully labeled with iodine-131 at room temperature in acidic medium using chloramine-T (Ch-T) as moderate oxidizing agent. The parameters affecting labeling of carnosine such as amount of oxidizing agent, amount of substrate, pH value of the reaction mixture, reaction temperature and reaction time, were investigated. The best conditions for formation of 131I-carnosine (131I-CAR) complex were 40 μg of chloramine-T (Ch-T), 75 μg of carnosine, pH 4 and 45 min reaction time at room temperature. The radiochemical yield for 131I-CAR complex was (91 ± 0.11) % at optimum conditions and the labeled complex was stable for 2 h after labeling process. Biodistribution study was achieved using three groups of rats (normal, treated by inactive carnosine and hepatotoxicity rats induced by CCl4). Hepatotoxicity of liver was evaluated using different biochemical markers such as ALT, AST and ALK.P. The 131I-CAR complex showed selective bio-localization in stomach and liver and its selectivity increases in acquired hepatotoxicity. The biological distribution indicates that the suitability of 131I-CAR as a potential hepatotoxicity imaging to detect hepatitis and medical prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safaa B. Challan
- Chemistry Unite of Cyclotron, Nuclear Research Center, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority , P.O. Code 13759 , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Fawzy A. Marzook
- Department of Labeled Compounds , Hot Labs Center, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority , P.O. Code 13759 , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Ayman Massoud
- Chemistry Unite of Cyclotron, Nuclear Research Center, Nuclear Chemistry Department, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority , P.O. Code 13759 , Cairo , Egypt , E-mail:
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Hepatospecific ablation of p38α MAPK governs liver regeneration through modulation of inflammatory response to CCl 4-induced acute injury. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14614. [PMID: 31601995 PMCID: PMC6787013 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51175-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian p38α MAPK (Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase) transduces a variety of extracellular signals that regulate cellular processes, such as inflammation, differentiation, proliferation or apoptosis. In the liver, depending of the physiopathological context, p38α acts as a negative regulator of hepatocyte proliferation as well as a promotor of inflammatory processes. However, its function during an acute injury, in adult liver, remains uncharacterized. In this study, using mice that are deficient in p38α specifically in mature hepatocytes, we unexpectedly found that lack of p38α protected against acute injury induced by CCl4 compound. We demonstrated that the hepatoprotective effect alleviated ROS accumulation and shaped the inflammatory response to promote efficient tissue repair. Mechanistically, we provided strong evidence that Ccl2/Ccl5 chemokines were crucial for a proper hepatoprotective response observed secondary to p38α ablation. Indeed, antibody blockade of Ccl2/Ccl5 was sufficient to abrogate hepatoprotection through a concomitant decrease of both inflammatory cells recruitment and antioxidative response that result ultimately in higher liver damages. Our findings suggest that targeting p38α expression and consequently orientating immune response may represent an attractive approach to favor tissue recovery after acute liver injury.
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Popović D, Kocić G, Katić V, Zarubica A, Janković Veličković L, Ničković VP, Jović A, Veljković A, Petrović V, Rakić V, Jović Z, Poklar Ulrih N, Sokolović D, Stojanović M, Stanković M, Radenković G, Nikolić GR, Lukač А, Milosavljević A, Sokolović D. Anthocyanins Protect Hepatocytes against CCl 4-Induced Acute Liver Injury in Rats by Inhibiting Pro-inflammatory mediators, Polyamine Catabolism, Lipocalin-2, and Excessive Proliferation of Kupffer Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8100451. [PMID: 31590249 PMCID: PMC6826396 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8100451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
: This study examined the hepatoprotective and anti-inflammatory effects of anthocyanins from Vaccinim myrtillus (bilberry) fruit extract on the acute liver failure caused by carbon tetrachloride-CCl4 (3 mL/kg, i.p.). The preventive treatment of the bilberry extract (200 mg anthocyanins/kg, orally, 7 days) prior to the exposure to the CCl4 resulted in an evident decrease in markers of liver damage (glutamate dehydrogenase, sorbitol dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase), and reduced pro-oxidative (conjugated dienes, lipid hydroperoxide, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, advanced oxidation protein products, NADPH oxidase, hydrogen peroxide, oxidized glutathione), and pro-inflammatory markers (tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6, nitrite, myeloperoxidase, inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase-2, CD68, lipocalin-2), and also caused a significant decrease in the dissipation of the liver antioxidative defence capacities (reduced glutathione, glutathione S-transferase, and quinone reductase) in comparison to the results detected in the animals treated with CCl4 exclusively. The administration of the anthocyanins prevented the arginine metabolism's diversion towards the citrulline, decreased the catabolism of polyamines (the activity of putrescine oxidase and spermine oxidase), and significantly reduced the excessive activation and hyperplasia of the Kupffer cells. There was also an absence of necrosis, in regard to the toxic effect of CCl4 alone. The hepatoprotective mechanisms of bilberry extract are based on the inhibition of pro-oxidative mediators, strong anti-inflammatory properties, inducing of hepatic phase II antioxidant enzymes (glutathione S-transferase, quinone reductase) and reduced glutathione, hypoplasia of Kupffer cells, and a decrease in the catabolism of polyamines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dejan Popović
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, Bulevar dr Zorana Đinđića 81, 18000 Niš, Serbia; (G.K.); (A.V.); (D.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +00-381-637-195-951
| | - Gordana Kocić
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, Bulevar dr Zorana Đinđića 81, 18000 Niš, Serbia; (G.K.); (A.V.); (D.S.)
| | - Vuka Katić
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, Bulevar dr Zorana Đinđića 81, 18000 Niš, Serbia; (V.K.); (L.J.V.)
| | - Aleksandra Zarubica
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, University of Niš, Višegradska 33, 18000 Niš, Serbia;
| | - Ljubinka Janković Veličković
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, Bulevar dr Zorana Đinđića 81, 18000 Niš, Serbia; (V.K.); (L.J.V.)
| | | | - Andrija Jović
- Clinic of Skin and Venereal Diseases, Clinical Center of Niš, Bulevar dr Zorana Đinđića 48, 18000 Niš, Serbia;
| | - Andrej Veljković
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, Bulevar dr Zorana Đinđića 81, 18000 Niš, Serbia; (G.K.); (A.V.); (D.S.)
| | - Vladimir Petrović
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, Bulevar dr Zorana Đinđića 81, 18000 Niš, Serbia; (V.P.); (G.R.)
| | - Violeta Rakić
- College of Agriculture and Food Technology, Ćirila i Metodija 1, 18400 Prokuplje, Serbia;
| | - Zorica Jović
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, Bulevar dr Zorana Đinđića 81, 18000 Niš, Serbia;
| | - Nataša Poklar Ulrih
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Danka Sokolović
- Institute for Blood Transfusion in Nis, Bulevar dr Zorana Đinđića 48, 18000 Niš, Serbia;
| | - Marko Stojanović
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, Bulevar dr Zorana Đinđića 81, 18000 Niš, Serbia; (M.S.); (M.S.); (A.M.)
| | - Marko Stanković
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, Bulevar dr Zorana Đinđića 81, 18000 Niš, Serbia; (M.S.); (M.S.); (A.M.)
| | - Goran Radenković
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, Bulevar dr Zorana Đinđića 81, 18000 Niš, Serbia; (V.P.); (G.R.)
| | - Gordana R. Nikolić
- Medical Faculty, University of Priština, 38220 Kosovska Mitrovica, Serbia;
| | - Аzra Lukač
- Health Center Rožaje, 84310 Rožaje, Montenegro;
| | - Aleksandar Milosavljević
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, Bulevar dr Zorana Đinđića 81, 18000 Niš, Serbia; (M.S.); (M.S.); (A.M.)
| | - Dušan Sokolović
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, Bulevar dr Zorana Đinđića 81, 18000 Niš, Serbia; (G.K.); (A.V.); (D.S.)
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Can sustained exposure to PFAS trigger a genotoxic response? A comprehensive genotoxicity assessment in mice after subacute oral administration of PFOA and PFBA. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2019; 106:169-177. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2019.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Cao JJ, Lv QQ, Zhang B, Chen HQ. Structural characterization and hepatoprotective activities of polysaccharides from the leaves of Toona sinensis (A. Juss) Roem. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 212:89-101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 02/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Farid AS, El Shemy MA, Nafie E, Hegazy AM, Abdelhiee EY. Anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and hepatoprotective effects of lactoferrin in rats. Drug Chem Toxicol 2019; 44:286-293. [PMID: 30938206 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2019.1585868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) is a strong hepatotoxic agent. The ability of the anti-inflammatory agent, lactoferrin (LF), to alleviate hepatic inflammation in a Wistar rat model administered with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) was examined. Thirty male Wistar rats were segregated into 5 groups (6 rats per group): Control group, LF group (300 mg LF/kg b. wt daily for three weeks), CCl4 group (1 ml CCl4/kg b. wt once orally), LF-protected group (300 mg LF/kg b. wt daily for 3 weeks followed by 1 mL CCl4/kg b. wt once orally), and LF-treated group (1 mL CCl4/kg b.wt once orally followed by 300 mg LF/kg b. wt orally every day for three weeks). Erythrogram, leukogram, activity of oxidative stress markers (Superoxide dismutase [SOD], Glutathione peroxidase [GPx], and Malondialdehyde [MDA]), and expression of hepatic paraoxonase-1 (PON1), interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-10 mRNA were determined. Histopathological examination of the hepatic tissue was carried out. CCl4 caused liver injury, loss of liver antioxidant activity of SOD and GPx, and a significant increase in the level of malondialdehyde in the serum. Moreover, CCl4 induced up-regulation of hepatic pro-inflammatory (IL-1β) factors, and down-regulation of anti-inflammatory (IL-10 and PON1) factors. Based on histopathological examination, the hepatic tissues had severe inflammation and were damaged. However, LF mitigated the liver damage, oxidative stress, and hepatotoxicity caused by CCl4. Overall, these results suggest that LF-mediated immunological mechanisms alleviate CCl4-induced hepatic toxicity and provide a novel perspective on the potential use of LF for prophylactic and therapeutic applications in treating liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayman Samir Farid
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Clinical Pathology, Benha University, Toukh, Egypt
| | - Mona A El Shemy
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Clinical Pathology, Benha University, Toukh, Egypt
| | - Ebtesam Nafie
- Faculty of Science, Zoology Department, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Medhat Hegazy
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Aswan University, Sahari, Egypt
| | - Ehab Yahya Abdelhiee
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Toxicology and Forensic Medicine, Matrouh University, Mersa Matruh, Egypt
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Yi HS. Implications of Mitochondrial Unfolded Protein Response and Mitokines: A Perspective on Fatty Liver Diseases. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) 2019; 34:39-46. [PMID: 30912337 PMCID: PMC6435852 DOI: 10.3803/enm.2019.34.1.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The signaling network of the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt) and mitohormesis is a retrograde signaling pathway through which mitochondria-to-nucleus communication occurs in organisms. Recently, it has been shown that the UPRmt is closely associated with metabolic disorders and conditions involving insulin resistance, such as alcoholic and non-alcoholic fatty liver and fibrotic liver disease. Scientific efforts to understand the UPRmt and mitohormesis, as well as to establish the mitochondrial proteome, have established the importance of mitochondrial quality control in the development and progression of metabolic liver diseases, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). In this review, we integrate and discuss the recent data from the literature on the UPRmt and mitohormesis in metabolic liver diseases, including NAFLD/NASH and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyon Seung Yi
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea.
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Popović D, Kocić G, Katić V, Jović Z, Zarubica A, Janković Veličković L, Nikolić V, Jović A, Kundalić B, Rakić V, Ulrih NP, Skrt M, Sokolović D, Dinić L, Stojanović M, Milosavljević A, Veličković F, Sokolović D. Protective effects of anthocyanins from bilberry extract in rats exposed to nephrotoxic effects of carbon tetrachloride. Chem Biol Interact 2019; 304:61-72. [PMID: 30825423 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2019.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the nephroprotective effects of 15 different anthocyanins from the bilberry extract on the acute kidney injury caused by CCl4. The acute nephrotoxicity in rats was induced 24 h after the treatment with a single dose of CCl4 (3 mL/kg, i.p.).The nephroprotective effects of the anthocyanins were examined in the animals that had been given the bilberry extract in a single dose of 200 mg of anthocyanins/kg daily, 7 days orally, while on the seventh day, 3 h after the last dose of anthocyanins, the animals received a single dose of CCl4 (3 mL/kg, i.p.) and were sacrificed 24 h later. When the nephrotoxicant alone was administered, it resulted in a substantial increase of the pro-oxidative (TBARS, CD, H2O2, XO, and GSSG) and pro-inflammatory markers (TNF-α, NO, and MPO), as well as a noticeable reduction of the antioxidant enzymes (CAT, SOD, POD, GPx, GST, GR) and GSH when compared to the results of the control group. Moreover, the application of CCl4 significantly influenced a reduction of the renal function, as well as an increase in the sensitive and specific injury indicators of the kidney epithelial cells (β2-microglobulin, NGAL, KIM1/TIM1) in the serum and urine of rats. The pretreatment of the animals poisoned with CCl4 with the anthocyanins from the bilberry extract led to a noticeable reduction in the pro-oxidative and pro-inflammatory markers with reduced consumption of the antioxidant defence kidney capacity, compared to the animals exposed to CCl4 alone. Anthocyanins have been protective for the kidney parenchyma, with an apparent absence of the tubular and periglomerular necrosis, severe degenerative changes, inflammatory mononuclear infiltrates and dilatation of proximal and distal tubules, in contrast to the CCl4-intoxicated animals. The nephroprotective effects of anthocyanins can be explained by strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects achieved through the stabilization and neutralization of highly reactive and unstable toxic CCl4 metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dejan Popović
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, Bulevar dr Zorana Đinđića 81, 18000, Niš, Serbia.
| | - Gordana Kocić
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, Bulevar dr Zorana Đinđića 81, 18000, Niš, Serbia
| | - Vuka Katić
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, Bulevar dr Zorana Đinđića 81, 18000, Niš, Serbia
| | - Zorica Jović
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, Bulevar dr Zorana Đinđića 81, 18000, Niš, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Zarubica
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Višegradska 33, 18000, Niš, Serbia
| | - Ljubinka Janković Veličković
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, Bulevar dr Zorana Đinđića 81, 18000, Niš, Serbia
| | - Valentina Nikolić
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, Bulevar dr Zorana Đinđića 81, 18000, Niš, Serbia
| | - Andrija Jović
- Clinic of Skin and Venereal Diseases, Clinical Center of Niš, Bulevar dr Zorana Đinđića 48, Serbia
| | - Braca Kundalić
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, Bulevar dr Zorana Đinđića 81, 18000, Niš, Serbia
| | - Violeta Rakić
- College of Agriculture and Food Technology, Ćirila i Metodija 1, 18400, Prokuplje, Serbia
| | - Nataša Poklar Ulrih
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Mihaela Skrt
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Danka Sokolović
- Institute for Blood Transfusion in Niš, Bulevar dr Zorana Đinđića 48, 18000, Niš, Serbia
| | - Ljubomir Dinić
- Clinic of Urology, Clinical Center of Niš, Bulevar dr Zorana Đinđića 48, 18000, Niš, Serbia
| | - Marko Stojanović
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, Bulevar dr Zorana Đinđića 81, 18000, Niš, Serbia
| | | | - Filip Veličković
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, Bulevar dr Zorana Đinđića 81, 18000, Niš, Serbia
| | - Dušan Sokolović
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, Bulevar dr Zorana Đinđića 81, 18000, Niš, Serbia
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Gao Y, Fang L, Wang X, Lan R, Wang M, Du G, Guan W, Liu J, Brennan M, Guo H, Brennan C, Zhao H. Antioxidant Activity Evaluation of Dietary Flavonoid Hyperoside Using Saccharomyces Cerevisiae as a Model. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24040788. [PMID: 30813233 PMCID: PMC6412469 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24040788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress leads to various diseases, including diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, and even cancer. The dietary flavonol glycoside, hyperoside (quercetin-3-O-galactoside), exerts health benefits by preventing oxidative damage. To further understand its antioxidative defence mechanisms, we systemically investigated the regulation of hyperoside on oxidative damage induced by hydrogen peroxide, carbon tetrachloride, and cadmium in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Hyperoside significantly increased cell viability, decreased lipid peroxidation, and lowered intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in the wild-type strain (WT) and mutants gtt1∆ and gtt2∆. However, the strain with ctt1∆ showed variable cell viability and intracellular ROS-scavenging ability in response to the hyperoside treatment upon the stimulation of H2O2 and CCl4. In addition, hyperoside did not confer viability tolerance or intercellular ROS in CdSO4-induced stress to strains of sod1∆ and gsh1∆. The results suggest that the antioxidative reactions of hyperoside in S. cerevisiae depend on the intercellular ROS detoxification system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Gao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin 300134, China.
| | - Lianying Fang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin 300134, China.
| | - Xiangxing Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin 300134, China.
| | - Ruoni Lan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin 300134, China.
| | - Meiyan Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin 300134, China.
| | - Gang Du
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin 300134, China.
| | - Wenqiang Guan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin 300134, China.
| | - Jianfu Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin 300134, China.
| | - Margaret Brennan
- Centre for Food Research and Innovation, Department of Wine, Food and Molecular Bioscience, Lincoln University, Lincoln 7647, New Zealand.
| | - Hongxing Guo
- The Third Central Clinical College, Tianjin Medical University, Jintang Road, Hedong, Tianjin 300170, China.
| | - Charles Brennan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin 300134, China.
- Centre for Food Research and Innovation, Department of Wine, Food and Molecular Bioscience, Lincoln University, Lincoln 7647, New Zealand.
| | - Hui Zhao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin 300134, China.
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42
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McGill MR, Jaeschke H. Animal models of drug-induced liver injury. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1865:1031-1039. [PMID: 31007174 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 08/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) presents unique challenges for consumers, clinicians, and regulators. It is the most common cause of acute liver failure in the US. It is also one of the most common reasons for termination of new drugs during pre-clinical testing and withdrawal of new drugs post-marketing. DILI is generally divided into two forms: intrinsic and idiosyncratic. Many of the challenges with DILI are due in large part to poor understanding of the mechanisms of toxicity. Although useful models of intrinsic DILI are available, they are frequently misused. Modeling idiosyncratic DILI presents greater challenges, but promising new models have recently been developed. The purpose of this manuscript is to provide a critical review of the most popular animal models of DILI, and to discuss the future of DILI research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell R McGill
- Dept. of Environmental and Occupational Health, Fay W. Boozman College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA; Dept. of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Hartmut Jaeschke
- Dept. of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.
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43
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Evaluation of the Pharmacokinetics and Hepatoprotective Effects of Phillygenin in Mouse. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:7964318. [PMID: 30211228 PMCID: PMC6126057 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7964318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Phillygenin is a bioactive intergradient in Osmanthus fragrans, a well-known food additive and Chinese traditional medicine. This study was to investigate the hepatoprotective effects and pharmacokinetics of phillygenin. The hepatoprotective effect of phillygenin was assessed in carbon tetrachloride- (CCl4-) intoxicated mice by monitoring levels of serum and tissue biomarkers. The pharmacokinetics of phillygenin was evaluated in the mouse after oral (po, 24 mg / kg) or intravenous (iv, 12 mg/kg) administration. Results showed that phillygenin has a great hepatoprotective effect on CCl4-induced liver injury in mice owing to its antioxidant activity and inhibition on cytochrome P450 2E1(CYP2E1). After oral administration, phillygenin was efficiently absorbed with the oral bioavailability of 56.4%. Two metabolites, hydroxylated and dimethylated phillygenin, were identified in mouse urine. These results suggested that phillygenin could be explored as new and potential natural antioxidants and hepatoprotective agents.
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Ferreira D, Pinto DCGA, Silva H, Girol AP, de Lourdes Pereira M. Salicornia ramosissima J. Woods seeds affected the normal regenerative function on carbon tetrachloride-induced liver and kidney injury. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 107:283-291. [PMID: 30098546 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.07.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The growing importance of Salicornia plants as bioactive agents and health promoters associated with the continuous demand for alternative treatments for liver disorders, has stimulated us to evaluate the renal and hepatic effects of S. ramosissima seeds in mice under normal conditions and exposure to toxic products as carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). Thus, histopathological and lipid peroxidation evaluations of the liver and kidneys were performed. Powdered dried seeds of S. ramosissima (SRS) were administered orally for 22 days at a dose of 2000 mg/kg/day to male mice in three different settings: 1) seed effects, 2) protection against CCl4 acute toxicity (0.2 mL/kg) and 3) regeneration after acute exposure to CCl4 (0.2 mL/kg), each study being performed with appropriate control animals. Mice treated with SRS per se had slightly enlarged hepatic sinusoids and noticeable renal inflammation. SRS did not show effective protection against mice exposed to CCl4 and had no positive influence on liver and kidney recovery after CCl4 administration. These results demonstrated that SRS failed to improve hepato- and nephrotoxicity, in addition to the apparent synergism between CCl4 and SRS under these experimental conditions. Although the biological mechanisms of S. ramosissima are not fully understood, the evidence suggests further research to elucidate its adverse biological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Ferreira
- Department of Biology & CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Diana C G A Pinto
- Department of Chemistry & QOPNA - Organic Chemistry and Natural and Agro-food Products, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Helena Silva
- Department of Biology & CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ana Paula Girol
- Padre Albino University Centre, Catanduva, São Paulo, Brazil; São Paulo State University (Unesp), Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria de Lourdes Pereira
- Department of Medical Sciences & CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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45
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Wang C, Zhou YL, Zhu QH, Zhou ZK, Gu WB, Liu ZP, Wang LZ, Shu MA. Effects of heat stress on the liver of the Chinese giant salamander Andrias davidianus: Histopathological changes and expression characterization of Nrf2-mediated antioxidant pathway genes. J Therm Biol 2018; 76:115-125. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2018.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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46
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Dimethylthiourea ameliorates carbon tetrachloride-induced acute liver injury in ovariectomized mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 104:427-436. [PMID: 29787990 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.05.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS In order to clarify hepato-protective actions of estrogen, we examined the progress of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced acute liver injury (ALI) in sham and ovariectomized (ovx) mice and the effects of dimethylthiourea (DMTU), a hydroxyl radical scavenger, and meloxicam (Melo), a selective cox-2 inhibitor, on the development of CCl4-induced ALI. MAIN METHODS Female C57BL/6 J mice weighing 15-20 g were performed sham or ovx operation at 8 weeks of age. Blood and liver samples were collected 15 and 24 h after CCl4 administration. Sham and ovx mice were given DMTU, Melo or saline intraperitoneally 30 min before CCl4 or corn oil administration. KEY FINDINGS ALT levels in ovx mice were significantly increased compared to those in sham mice. DMTU reduced ALT levels in ovx mice to the same levels as those in sham mice after CCl4 injection. CCl4 upregulated TNF-α, IL-6, cox-2 and iNOS expression in ovx mice compared to the levels in sham mice. DMTU significantly reduced cox-2 and iNOS expression levels upregulated by CCl4 in ovx mice. However, pretreatment with Melo had no effects on ALT levels and the gene expression levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and HO-1 in either sham or ovx mice, indicating that cox-2 may not participate in increase of CCl4-induced ALI caused by estrogen deficiency. SIGNIFICANCE Ovariectomy accelerated the development of CCl4-induced acute liver injury, and DMTU reduced liver injury. These results suggest that estrogen may act as an antioxidant in the development CCl4-induced acute liver injury.
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Tsafack BT, Bomgning CLK, Kühlborn J, Fouedjou RT, Ponou BK, Teponno RB, Fotio AL, Barboni L, Opatz T, Nguelefack TB, Tapondjou LA. Protective Effects of Extracts, Isolated Compounds from <i>Desmodium uncinatum</i> and Semi-Synthetic Isovitexin Derivatives against Lipid Peroxidation of Hepatocyte’s Membranes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.4236/abc.2018.86009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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48
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Chung HK, Kim JT, Kim HW, Kwon M, Kim SY, Shong M, Kim KS, Yi HS. GDF15 deficiency exacerbates chronic alcohol- and carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17238. [PMID: 29222479 PMCID: PMC5722931 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17574-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) has recently been shown to have an important role in the regulation of mitochondrial function and in the pathogenesis of complex human diseases. Nevertheless, the role of GDF15 in alcohol-induced or fibrotic liver diseases has yet to be determined. In this study, we demonstrate that alcohol- or carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-mediated hepatic GDF15 production ameliorates liver inflammation and fibrosis. Alcohol directly enhanced GDF15 expression in primary hepatocytes, which led to increased oxygen consumption. Moreover, GDF15 reduced the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in liver-resident macrophages, leading to an improvement in inflammation and fibrosis in the liver. GDF15 knockout (KO) mice had more TNF-α-producing T cells and more activated CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in the liver than wild-type mice. Liver-infiltrating monocytes and neutrophils were also increased in the GDF15 KO mice during liver fibrogenesis. These changes in hepatic immune cells were associated with increased tissue inflammation and fibrosis. Finally, recombinant GDF15 decreased the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and fibrotic mediators and prevented the activation of T cells in the livers of mice with CCl4-induced liver fibrosis. These results suggest that GDF15 could be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of alcohol-induced and fibrotic liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo Kyun Chung
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, 282 Munhwaro, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute for Medical Sciences, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, 266 Munhwaro, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Tae Kim
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, 282 Munhwaro, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea.,Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, 266 Munhwaro, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon-Woo Kim
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, 282 Munhwaro, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea.,Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, 266 Munhwaro, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Minjoo Kwon
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, 282 Munhwaro, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - So Yeon Kim
- Laboratory of Liver Research, Biomedical Science and Engineering Interdisciplinary program, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Minho Shong
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, 282 Munhwaro, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, 282 Munhwaro, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Koon Soon Kim
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, 282 Munhwaro, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, 266 Munhwaro, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyon-Seung Yi
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, 282 Munhwaro, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, 282 Munhwaro, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea.
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49
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Xu J, Ma H, Liang S, Sun M, Karin G, Koyama Y, Hu R, Quehenberger O, Davidson NO, Dennis EA, Kisseleva T, Brenner DA. The role of human cytochrome P450 2E1 in liver inflammation and fibrosis. Hepatol Commun 2017; 1:1043-1057. [PMID: 29404441 PMCID: PMC5721400 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.1115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) plays an important role in alcohol and toxin metabolism by catalyzing the conversion of substrates into more polar metabolites and producing reactive oxygen species. Reactive oxygen species-induced oxidative stress promotes hepatocyte injury and death, which in turn induces inflammation, activation of hepatic stellate cells, and liver fibrosis. Here, we analyzed mice expressing only the human CYP2E1 gene (hCYP2E1) to determine differences in hCYP2E1 versus endogenous mouse Cyp2e1 function with different liver injuries. After intragastric alcohol feeding, CYP2E1 expression was induced in both hCYP2E1 and wild-type (Wt) mice. hCYP2E1 mice had greater inflammation, fibrosis, and lipid peroxidation but less hepatic steatosis. In addition, hCYP2E1 mice demonstrated increased expression of fibrogenic and proinflammatory genes but decreased expression of de novo lipogenic genes compared to Wt mice. Lipidomics of free fatty acid, triacylglycerol, diacylglycerol, and cholesterol ester species and proinflammatory prostaglandins support these conclusions. Carbon tetrachloride-induced injury suppressed expression of both mouse and human CYP2E1, but again hCYP2E1 mice exhibited greater hepatic stellate cell activation and fibrosis than Wt controls with comparable expression of proinflammatory genes. By contrast, 14-day bile duct ligation induced comparable cholestatic injury and fibrosis in both genotypes. Conclusion: Alcohol-induced liver fibrosis but not hepatic steatosis is more severe in the hCYP2E1 mouse than in the Wt mouse, demonstrating the use of this model to provide insight into the pathogenesis of alcoholic liver disease. (Hepatology Communications 2017;1:1043-1057).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Xu
- Department of MedicineUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCA
| | - Hsiao‐Yen Ma
- Department of MedicineUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCA
| | - Shuang Liang
- Department of MedicineUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCA
| | - Mengxi Sun
- Department of MedicineUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCA
| | - Gabriel Karin
- Department of MedicineUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCA
| | - Yukinori Koyama
- Department of MedicineUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCA
| | - Ronglin Hu
- Department of MedicineUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCA
| | - Oswald Quehenberger
- Department of MedicineUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCA
- Department of PharmacologyUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCA
| | | | - Edward A. Dennis
- Department of PharmacologyUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCA
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCA
| | | | - David A. Brenner
- Department of MedicineUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCA
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50
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Hussain F, Malik A, Ayyaz U, Shafique H, Rana Z, Hussain Z. Efficient hepatoprotective activity of cranberry extract against CCl 4 -induced hepatotoxicity in Wistar albino rat model: Down-regulation of liver enzymes and strong antioxidant activity. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2017; 10:1054-1058. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtm.2017.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Revised: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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