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Vilmundarson RO, Heydarikhorneh N, Duong A, Ho T, Keyhanian K, Soheili F, Chen HH, Stewart AFR. Savior Siblings Might Rescue Fetal Lethality But Not Adult Lymphoma in Irf2bp2-Null Mice. Front Immunol 2022; 13:868053. [PMID: 35865523 PMCID: PMC9295810 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.868053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferon regulatory factor 2 binding protein 2 (Irf2bp2), a co-repressor of Irf2, is required for fetal hepatic erythropoiesis through the expansion of erythromyeloid progenitors. Mice with germline ablation of the entire Irf2bp2 transcript produced no viable Irf2bp2-null pups in first litters. In subsequent litters, fewer than 1/3 of the expected Irf2bp2-null pups were born and half survived to adulthood. As in humans with somatic mutations in IRF2BP2, adult Irf2bp2-null mice developed lymphoma. Transcriptome profiling of liver, heart, and skeletal muscle from Irf2bp2-null adult mice revealed a predominant upregulation of interferon-responsive genes. Of interest, hematopoietic stem cell-enriched transcription factors (Etv6, Fli1, Ikzf1, and Runx1) were also elevated in Irf2bp2-null livers. Intriguingly, Irf2bp2-positive mwfi 2yeloid (but not lymphoid) cells were detected in the livers of adult Irf2bp2-null mice. In female Irf2bp2-null mice, these cells carried a Y chromosome while in male Irf2bp2-null livers, no cells with Barr bodies (inactivated X chromosomes) were detected, indicating that Irf2bp2-positive erythromyeloid cells might be acquired only from male siblings of prior litters by transmaternal microchimerism. These cells likely rescue the deficit in fetal erythropoiesis, but not adult-onset lymphomagenesis, caused by Irfb2p2 ablation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ragnar O. Vilmundarson
- Laboratory of Translational Genomics, Ruddy Canadian Cardiovascular Genetics Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Centre for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Niloufar Heydarikhorneh
- Laboratory of Translational Genomics, Ruddy Canadian Cardiovascular Genetics Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Centre for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - An Duong
- Laboratory of Translational Genomics, Ruddy Canadian Cardiovascular Genetics Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Centre for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Tiffany Ho
- Laboratory of Translational Genomics, Ruddy Canadian Cardiovascular Genetics Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Centre for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Kianoosh Keyhanian
- Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Brain and Mind Institute, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Neuroscience Division, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Fariborz Soheili
- Laboratory of Translational Genomics, Ruddy Canadian Cardiovascular Genetics Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Centre for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Hsiao-Huei Chen
- Centre for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Brain and Mind Institute, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Neuroscience Division, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- *Correspondence: Hsiao-Huei Chen, ; Alexandre F. R. Stewart,
| | - Alexandre F. R. Stewart
- Laboratory of Translational Genomics, Ruddy Canadian Cardiovascular Genetics Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Centre for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- *Correspondence: Hsiao-Huei Chen, ; Alexandre F. R. Stewart,
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Dawes JC, Uren AG. Forward and Reverse Genetics of B Cell Malignancies: From Insertional Mutagenesis to CRISPR-Cas. Front Immunol 2021; 12:670280. [PMID: 34484175 PMCID: PMC8414522 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.670280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer genome sequencing has identified dozens of mutations with a putative role in lymphomagenesis and leukemogenesis. Validation of driver mutations responsible for B cell neoplasms is complicated by the volume of mutations worthy of investigation and by the complex ways that multiple mutations arising from different stages of B cell development can cooperate. Forward and reverse genetic strategies in mice can provide complementary validation of human driver genes and in some cases comparative genomics of these models with human tumors has directed the identification of new drivers in human malignancies. We review a collection of forward genetic screens performed using insertional mutagenesis, chemical mutagenesis and exome sequencing and discuss how the high coverage of subclonal mutations in insertional mutagenesis screens can identify cooperating mutations at rates not possible using human tumor genomes. We also compare a set of independently conducted screens from Pax5 mutant mice that converge upon a common set of mutations observed in human acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). We also discuss reverse genetic models and screens that use CRISPR-Cas, ORFs and shRNAs to provide high throughput in vivo proof of oncogenic function, with an emphasis on models using adoptive transfer of ex vivo cultured cells. Finally, we summarize mouse models that offer temporal regulation of candidate genes in an in vivo setting to demonstrate the potential of their encoded proteins as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna C Dawes
- Medical Research Council, London Institute of Medical Sciences, London, United Kingdom.,Institute of Clinical Sciences (ICS), Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony G Uren
- Medical Research Council, London Institute of Medical Sciences, London, United Kingdom.,Institute of Clinical Sciences (ICS), Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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Gut microorganisms and their metabolites modulate the severity of acute colitis in a tryptophan metabolism-dependent manner. Eur J Nutr 2020; 59:3591-3601. [PMID: 32055962 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-020-02194-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Growing evidence shows that nutrient metabolism affects inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) development. Previously, we showed that deficiency of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (Ido1), a tryptophan-catabolizing enzyme, reduced the severity of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in mice. However, the roles played by intestinal microbiota in generating the differences in disease progression between Ido1+/+ and Ido1-/- mice are unknown. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the interactions between the intestinal microbiome and host IDO1 in governing intestinal inflammatory responses. METHODS Microbial 16s rRNA sequencing was conducted in Ido1+/+ and Ido1-/- mice after DSS treatment. Bacteria-derived tryptophan metabolites were measured in urine. Transcriptome analysis revealed the effects of the metabolite and IDO1 expression in HCT116 cells. Colitis severity of Ido1+/+ was compared to Ido1-/- mice following fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT). RESULTS Microbiome analysis through 16S-rRNA gene sequencing showed that IDO1 deficiency increased intestinal bacteria that use tryptophan preferentially to produce indolic compounds. Urinary excretion of 3-indoxyl sulfate, a metabolized form of gut bacteria-derived indole, was significantly higher in Ido1-/- than in Ido1+/+ mice. Transcriptome analysis showed that tight junction transcripts were significantly increased by indole treatment in HCT116 cells; however, the effects were diminished by IDO1 overexpression. Using FMT experiments, we demonstrated that bacteria from Ido1-/- mice could directly attenuate the severity of DSS-induced colitis. CONCLUSIONS Our results provide evidence that a genetic defect in utilizing tryptophan affects intestinal microbiota profiles, altering microbial metabolites, and colitis development. This suggests that the host and intestinal microbiota communicate through shared nutrient metabolic networks.
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Oncogene-specific T cells fail to eradicate lymphoma-initiating B cells in mice. Blood 2018; 132:924-934. [PMID: 30002144 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2018-02-834036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
To date, little is known about the interaction between (pre-)malignant B cells and T cells. We generated transgenic mice that allow B cell-specific induction of the oncogene SV40 large T-antigen (TAg) to analyze the role of oncogene-specific T cells during sporadic B-cell lymphoma development. Constitutive TAg expression in CD19-Cre × LoxP-Tag mice resulted in TAg-tolerant CD8+ T cells and development of B-cell lymphomas. In contrast, CD19-CreERT2 × LoxP-Tag mice retained TAg-competent CD8+ T cells at time of oncogene induction and TAg expression in few B cells of adult mice resulted in exceptionally rare lymphoma formation late in life. Increased lymphoma incidence in the absence of TAg-specific T cells suggested T cell-mediated inhibition of lymphoma progression. However, TAg-initiated B cells were not eliminated by T cells and detected long term. Our results demonstrate a failure of the immune system to eradicate lymphoma-initiating B cells, retaining the risk of lymphoma development.
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Transgenic mouse model of IgM + lymphoproliferative disease mimicking Waldenström macroglobulinemia. Blood Cancer J 2016; 6:e488. [PMID: 27813533 PMCID: PMC5148059 DOI: 10.1038/bcj.2016.95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM) is a low-grade incurable immunoglobulin M+ (IgM+) lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma for which a genetically engineered mouse model of de novo tumor development is lacking. On the basis of evidence that the pro-inflammatory cytokine, interleukin 6 (IL6), and the survival-enhancing oncoprotein, B cell leukemia 2 (BCL2), have critical roles in the natural history of WM, we hypothesized that the enforced expression of IL6 and BCL2 in mice unable to perform immunoglobulin class switch recombination may result in a lymphoproliferative disease that mimics WM. To evaluate this possibility, we generated compound transgenic BALB/c mice that harbored the human BCL2 and IL6 transgenes, EμSV-BCL2-22 and H2-Ld-hIL6, on the genetic background of activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) deficiency. We designated these mice BCL2+IL6+AID- and found that they developed-with full genetic penetrance (100% incidence) and suitably short latency (93 days median survival)-a severe IgM+ lymphoproliferative disorder that recapitulated important features of human WM. However, the BCL2+IL6+AID- model also exhibited shortcomings, such as low serum IgM levels and histopathological changes not seen in patients with WM, collectively indicating that further refinements of the model are required to achieve better correlations with disease characteristics of WM.
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Bii VM, Trobridge GD. Identifying Cancer Driver Genes Using Replication-Incompetent Retroviral Vectors. Cancers (Basel) 2016; 8:cancers8110099. [PMID: 27792127 PMCID: PMC5126759 DOI: 10.3390/cancers8110099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2016] [Revised: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Identifying novel genes that drive tumor metastasis and drug resistance has significant potential to improve patient outcomes. High-throughput sequencing approaches have identified cancer genes, but distinguishing driver genes from passengers remains challenging. Insertional mutagenesis screens using replication-incompetent retroviral vectors have emerged as a powerful tool to identify cancer genes. Unlike replicating retroviruses and transposons, replication-incompetent retroviral vectors lack additional mutagenesis events that can complicate the identification of driver mutations from passenger mutations. They can also be used for almost any human cancer due to the broad tropism of the vectors. Replication-incompetent retroviral vectors have the ability to dysregulate nearby cancer genes via several mechanisms including enhancer-mediated activation of gene promoters. The integrated provirus acts as a unique molecular tag for nearby candidate driver genes which can be rapidly identified using well established methods that utilize next generation sequencing and bioinformatics programs. Recently, retroviral vector screens have been used to efficiently identify candidate driver genes in prostate, breast, liver and pancreatic cancers. Validated driver genes can be potential therapeutic targets and biomarkers. In this review, we describe the emergence of retroviral insertional mutagenesis screens using replication-incompetent retroviral vectors as a novel tool to identify cancer driver genes in different cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor M Bii
- College of Pharmacy, Washington State University, WSU Spokane PBS 323, P.O. Box 1495, Spokane, WA 99210, USA.
| | - Grant D Trobridge
- College of Pharmacy, Washington State University, WSU Spokane PBS 323, P.O. Box 1495, Spokane, WA 99210, USA.
- School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA.
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Ailawadhi S, Paulus A, Chanan-Khan A. Preclinical models of Waldenström's macroglobulinemia and drug resistance. Best Pract Res Clin Haematol 2016; 29:169-178. [PMID: 27825463 DOI: 10.1016/j.beha.2016.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Newer therapeutic strategies are emerging in Waldenström's Macroglobulinemia (WM), which has traditionally been an orphan disease diagnosis. Ibrutinib, a Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor was FDA-approved in 2015 as the first ever drug for the treatment of WM. This being a targeted therapy, has given rise to increased research into novel agents and pathways that can be exploited for clinical benefit in WM. In order to understand the underlying mechanisms of disease behavior as well as to test the benefit of various drugs, appropriate preclinical models are required. Historically there had been a lack of representative preclinical models in WM, but in recent years this has dramatically changed. This review highlights the currently available preclinical models and data regarding drug resistance pathways in WM. Knowledge from these will certainly help in paving the future course of treatment in this rare disorder which is indolent and yet, so far incurable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sikander Ailawadhi
- Mayo Clinic Jacksonville, Division of Hematology and Oncology, United States.
| | - Aneel Paulus
- Mayo Clinic Jacksonville, Department of Cancer Biology and Division of Hematology and Oncology, United States.
| | - Asher Chanan-Khan
- Mayo Clinic Jacksonville, Division of Hematology and Oncology, United States.
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Saloustros E, Salpea P, Qi CF, Gugliotti LA, Tsang K, Liu S, Starost MF, Morse HC, Stratakis CA. Hematopoietic neoplasms in Prkar2a-deficient mice. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2015; 34:143. [PMID: 26608815 PMCID: PMC4660639 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-015-0257-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background Protein kinase A (PKA) is a holoenzyme that consists of a dimer of regulatory subunits and two inactive catalytic subunits that bind to the regulatory subunit dimer. Four regulatory subunits (RIα, RIβ, RIIα, RIIβ) and four catalytic subunits (Cα, Cβ, Cγ, Prkx) have been described in the human and mouse genomes. Previous studies showed that complete inactivation of the Prkar1a subunit (coding for RIα) in the germline leads to embryonic lethality, while Prkar1a–deficient mice are viable and develop schwannomas, thyroid, and bone neoplasms, and rarely lymphomas and sarcomas. Mice with inactivation of the Prkar2a and Prkar2b genes (coding for RIIα and RIIβ, respectively) are also viable but have not been studied for their susceptibility to any tumors. Methods Cohorts of Prkar1a+/−, Prkar2a+/−, Prkar2a−/−, Prkar2b+/− and wild type (WT) mice have been observed between 5 and 25 months of age for the development of hematologic malignancies. Tissues were studied by immunohistochemistry; tumor-specific markers were also used as indicated. Cell sorting and protein studies were also performed. Results Both Prkar2a−/− and Prkar2a+/− mice frequently developed hematopoietic neoplasms dominated by histiocytic sarcomas (HS) with rare diffuse large B cell lymphomas (DLBCL). Southern blot analysis confirmed that the tumors diagnosed histologically as DLBCL were clonal B cell neoplasms. Mice with other genotypes did not develop a significant number of similar neoplasms. Conclusions Prkar2a deficiency predisposes to hematopoietic malignancies in vivo. RIIα’s likely association with HS and DLBCL was hitherto unrecognized and may lead to better understanding of these rare neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanouil Saloustros
- Section on Endocrinology and Genetics, Program on Developmental Endocrinology & Genetics (PDEGEN) & Pediatric Endocrinology Inter-institute Training Program, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Paraskevi Salpea
- Section on Endocrinology and Genetics, Program on Developmental Endocrinology & Genetics (PDEGEN) & Pediatric Endocrinology Inter-institute Training Program, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Chen-Feng Qi
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 5640 Fishers Lane, Rockville, MD, 20852, USA.
| | - Lina A Gugliotti
- Program in Genomics and Differentiation, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Kitman Tsang
- Section on Endocrinology and Genetics, Program on Developmental Endocrinology & Genetics (PDEGEN) & Pediatric Endocrinology Inter-institute Training Program, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Sisi Liu
- Section on Endocrinology and Genetics, Program on Developmental Endocrinology & Genetics (PDEGEN) & Pediatric Endocrinology Inter-institute Training Program, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Matthew F Starost
- Division of Veterinary Resources, Office of the Director (OD), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Herbert C Morse
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 5640 Fishers Lane, Rockville, MD, 20852, USA.
| | - Constantine A Stratakis
- Section on Endocrinology and Genetics, Program on Developmental Endocrinology & Genetics (PDEGEN) & Pediatric Endocrinology Inter-institute Training Program, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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Jain S, Chen J, Nicolae A, Wang H, Shin DM, Adkins EB, Sproule TJ, Leeth CM, Sakai T, Kovalchuk AL, Raffeld M, Ward JM, Rehg JE, Waldmann TA, Jaffe ES, Roopenian DC, Morse HC. IL-21-driven neoplasms in SJL mice mimic some key features of human angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2015; 185:3102-14. [PMID: 26363366 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2015.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Revised: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
SJL/J mice exhibit a high incidence of mature B-cell lymphomas that require CD4(+) T cells for their development. We found that their spleens and lymph nodes contained increased numbers of germinal centers and T follicular helper (TFH) cells. Microarray analyses revealed high levels of transcripts encoding IL-21 associated with high levels of serum IL-21. We developed IL-21 receptor (IL21R)-deficient Swiss Jim Lambart (SJL) mice to determine the role of IL-21 in disease. These mice had reduced numbers of TFH cells, lower serum levels of IL-21, and few germinal center B cells, and they did not develop B-cell tumors, suggesting IL-21-dependent B-cell lymphomagenesis. We also noted a series of features common to SJL disease and human angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL), a malignancy of TFH cells. Gene expression analyses of AITL showed that essentially all cases expressed elevated levels of transcripts for IL21, IL21R, and a series of genes associated with TFH cell development and function. These results identify a mouse model with features of AITL and suggest that patients with the disease might benefit from therapeutic interventions that interrupt IL-21 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Jain
- Virology and Cellular Immunology Section, Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Jing Chen
- Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Alina Nicolae
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Hongsheng Wang
- Virology and Cellular Immunology Section, Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Dong-Mi Shin
- Virology and Cellular Immunology Section, Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Rockville, Maryland; Department of Food and Nutrition, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Elisabeth B Adkins
- Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine; Genetics Program, Tufts University Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Caroline M Leeth
- Genetics Program, Tufts University Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - Tomomi Sakai
- Virology and Cellular Immunology Section, Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Alexander L Kovalchuk
- Virology and Cellular Immunology Section, Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Mark Raffeld
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jerrold M Ward
- Virology and Cellular Immunology Section, Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Jerold E Rehg
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Thomas A Waldmann
- Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Elaine S Jaffe
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Derry C Roopenian
- Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine; Genetics Program, Tufts University Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Herbert C Morse
- Virology and Cellular Immunology Section, Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Rockville, Maryland.
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Duncan K, Rosean TR, Tompkins VS, Olivier A, Sompallae R, Zhan F, Tricot G, Acevedo MR, Ponto LLB, Walsh SA, Tygrett LT, Berger AJ, Waldschmidt T, Morse HC, Sunderland JJ, Janz S. (18)F-FDG-PET/CT imaging in an IL-6- and MYC-driven mouse model of human multiple myeloma affords objective evaluation of plasma cell tumor progression and therapeutic response to the proteasome inhibitor ixazomib. Blood Cancer J 2013; 3:e165. [PMID: 24292417 PMCID: PMC3880444 DOI: 10.1038/bcj.2013.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Revised: 09/22/2013] [Accepted: 10/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
(18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) and computed tomography (CT) are useful imaging modalities for evaluating tumor progression and treatment responses in genetically engineered mouse models of solid human cancers, but the potential of integrated FDG-PET/CT for assessing tumor development and new interventions in transgenic mouse models of human blood cancers such as multiple myeloma (MM) has not been demonstrated. Here we use BALB/c mice that contain the newly developed iMyc(ΔEμ) gene insertion and the widely expressed H2-L(d)-IL6 transgene to demonstrate that FDG-PET/CT affords an excellent research tool for assessing interleukin-6- and MYC-driven plasma cell tumor (PCT) development in a serial, reproducible and stage- and lesion-specific manner. We also show that FDG-PET/CT permits determination of objective drug responses in PCT-bearing mice treated with the investigational proteasome inhibitor ixazomib (MLN2238), the biologically active form of ixazomib citrate (MLN9708), that is currently in phase 3 clinical trials in MM. Overall survival of 5 of 6 ixazomib-treated mice doubled compared with mice left untreated. One outlier mouse presented with primary refractory disease. Our findings demonstrate the utility of FDG-PET/CT for preclinical MM research and suggest that this method will play an important role in the design and testing of new approaches to treat myeloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Duncan
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Roy J and Lucille A Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
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Waldenström macroglobulinemia: clinical and immunological aspects, natural history, cell of origin, and emerging mouse models. ISRN HEMATOLOGY 2013; 2013:815325. [PMID: 24106612 PMCID: PMC3782845 DOI: 10.1155/2013/815325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2013] [Accepted: 07/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM) is a rare and currently incurable neoplasm of IgM-expressing B-lymphocytes that is characterized by the occurrence of a monoclonal IgM (mIgM) paraprotein in blood serum and the infiltration of the hematopoietic bone marrow with malignant lymphoplasmacytic cells. The symptoms of patients with WM can be attributed to the extent and tissue sites of tumor cell infiltration and the magnitude and immunological specificity of the paraprotein. WM presents fascinating clues on neoplastic B-cell development, including the recent discovery of a specific gain-of-function mutation in the MYD88 adapter protein. This not only provides an intriguing link to new findings that natural effector IgM+IgD+ memory B-cells are dependent on MYD88 signaling, but also supports the hypothesis that WM derives from primitive, innate-like B-cells, such as marginal zone and B1 B-cells. Following a brief review of the clinical aspects and natural history of WM, this review discusses the thorny issue of WM's cell of origin in greater depth. Also included are emerging, genetically engineered mouse models of human WM that may enhance our understanding of the biologic and genetic underpinnings of the disease and facilitate the design and testing of new approaches to treat and prevent WM more effectively.
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12
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Qi CF, Kim YS, Xiang S, Abdullaev Z, Torrey TA, Janz S, Kovalchuk AL, Sun J, Chen D, Cho WC, Gu W, Morse HC. Characterization of ARF-BP1/HUWE1 interactions with CTCF, MYC, ARF and p53 in MYC-driven B cell neoplasms. Int J Mol Sci 2012; 13:6204-6219. [PMID: 22754359 PMCID: PMC3382761 DOI: 10.3390/ijms13056204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2012] [Revised: 04/24/2012] [Accepted: 05/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcriptional activation of MYC is a hallmark of many B cell lineage neoplasms. MYC provides a constitutive proliferative signal but can also initiate ARF-dependent activation of p53 and apoptosis. The E3 ubiquitin ligase, ARF-BP1, encoded by HUWE1, modulates the activity of both the MYC and the ARF-p53 signaling pathways, prompting us to determine if it is involved in the pathogenesis of MYC-driven B cell lymphomas. ARF-BP1 was expressed at high levels in cell lines from lymphomas with either wild type or mutated p53 but not in ARF-deficient cells. Downregulation of ARF-BP1 resulted in elevated steady state levels of p53, growth arrest and apoptosis. Co-immunoprecipitation studies identified a multiprotein complex comprised of ARF-BP1, ARF, p53, MYC and the multifunctional DNA-binding factor, CTCF, which is involved in the transcriptional regulation of MYC, p53 and ARF. ARF-BP1 bound and ubiquitylated CTCF leading to its proteasomal degradation. ARF-BP1 and CTCF thus appear to be key cofactors linking the MYC proliferative and p53-ARF apoptotic pathways. In addition, ARF-BP1 could be a therapeutic target for MYC-driven B lineage neoplasms, even if p53 is inactive, with inhibition reducing the transcriptional activity of MYC for its target genes and stabilizing the apoptosis-promoting activities of p53.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Feng Qi
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20852, USA; E-Mails: (Y.-S.K.); (S.X.); (Z.A.); (A.L.K.); (J.S.)
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (C.-F.Q.); (H.C.M.); Tel.: +1-301-402-2698 (C.-F.Q.); +1-301-496-6379 (H.C.M.); Fax: +1-301-402-0077 (H.C.M.; C.-F.Q.)
| | - Yong-Soo Kim
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20852, USA; E-Mails: (Y.-S.K.); (S.X.); (Z.A.); (A.L.K.); (J.S.)
| | - Shao Xiang
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20852, USA; E-Mails: (Y.-S.K.); (S.X.); (Z.A.); (A.L.K.); (J.S.)
- Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Ziedulla Abdullaev
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20852, USA; E-Mails: (Y.-S.K.); (S.X.); (Z.A.); (A.L.K.); (J.S.)
| | - Ted A. Torrey
- Comparative Medicine Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; E-Mail:
| | - Siegfried Janz
- Department of Pathology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; E-Mail:
| | - Alexander L. Kovalchuk
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20852, USA; E-Mails: (Y.-S.K.); (S.X.); (Z.A.); (A.L.K.); (J.S.)
| | - Jiafang Sun
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20852, USA; E-Mails: (Y.-S.K.); (S.X.); (Z.A.); (A.L.K.); (J.S.)
| | - Delin Chen
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, and Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; E-Mails: (D.C.); (W.G.)
| | - William C. Cho
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong, China; E-Mail:
| | - Wei Gu
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, and Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; E-Mails: (D.C.); (W.G.)
| | - Herbert C. Morse
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20852, USA; E-Mails: (Y.-S.K.); (S.X.); (Z.A.); (A.L.K.); (J.S.)
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (C.-F.Q.); (H.C.M.); Tel.: +1-301-402-2698 (C.-F.Q.); +1-301-496-6379 (H.C.M.); Fax: +1-301-402-0077 (H.C.M.; C.-F.Q.)
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13
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Ward JM, Rehg JE, Morse HC. Differentiation of rodent immune and hematopoietic system reactive lesions from neoplasias. Toxicol Pathol 2012; 40:425-34. [PMID: 22215512 DOI: 10.1177/0192623311431467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The immune and hematopoietic systems play an important role in the normal homeostasis of blood and blood cells and for immune responses to endogenous and exogenous processes and insults. In order to interpret histopathologic changes in the immune and hematopoietic systems, it is important to understand the normal anatomy and histology of the thymus, spleen, lymph nodes, bone marrow, and other tissues. The thymus, spleen, and lymph nodes can be categorized by anatomical compartments, each of which contributes to specific immune functions. Lesions may be diagnosed by interpretive or descriptive (semiquantitative) methods. The interpretation of these tissues by lesion in anatomical compartments should allow for better understanding of these reactions and more definitive pathologic findings. Proliferative lesions may be difficult to differentiate from lymphomas and leukemias. The use of immunohistochemistry, compartmental pathology, and methods for the evaluation of clonality will make interpretation easier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerrold M Ward
- Global VetPathology and Laboratory of Immunopathology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
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14
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Shin DM, Lee CH, Morse HC. IRF8 governs expression of genes involved in innate and adaptive immunity in human and mouse germinal center B cells. PLoS One 2011; 6:e27384. [PMID: 22096565 PMCID: PMC3214047 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0027384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2011] [Accepted: 10/14/2011] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
IRF8 (Interferon Regulatory Factor 8) is a transcription factor expressed throughout B cell differentiation except for mature plasma cells. Previous studies showed it is part of the transcriptional network governing B cell specification and commitment in the bone marrow, regulates the distribution of mature B cells into the splenic follicular and marginal zone compartments, and is expressed at highest levels in germinal center (GC) B cells. Here, we investigated the transcriptional programs and signaling pathways affected by IRF8 in human and mouse GC B cells as defined by ChIP-chip analyses and transcriptional profiling. We show that IRF8 binds a large number of genes by targeting two distinct motifs, half of which are also targeted by PU.1. Over 70% of the binding sites localized to proximal and distal promoter regions with ∼25% being intragenic. There was significant enrichment among targeted genes for those involved in innate and adaptive immunity with over 30% previously defined as interferon stimulated genes. We also showed that IRF8 target genes contributes to multiple aspects of the biology of mature B cells including critical components of the molecular crosstalk among GC B cells, T follicular helper cells, and follicular dendritic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Mi Shin
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Chang-Hoon Lee
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Herbert C. Morse
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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15
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Miletic AV, Anzelon-Mills AN, Mills DM, Omori SA, Pedersen IM, Shin DM, Ravetch JV, Bolland S, Morse HC, Rickert RC. Coordinate suppression of B cell lymphoma by PTEN and SHIP phosphatases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 207:2407-20. [PMID: 20956547 PMCID: PMC2964567 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20091962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Mice lacking both PTEN and SHIP phosphatases develop spontaneous B cell lymphoma. The inositol phosphatases phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN) and Src homology 2 domain–containing inositol phosphatase (SHIP) negatively regulate phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)–mediated growth, survival, and proliferation of hematopoietic cells. Although deletion of PTEN in mouse T cells results in lethal T cell lymphomas, we find that animals lacking PTEN or SHIP in B cells show no evidence of malignancy. However, concomitant deletion of PTEN and SHIP (bPTEN/SHIP−/−) results in spontaneous and lethal mature B cell neoplasms consistent with marginal zone lymphoma or, less frequently, follicular or centroblastic lymphoma. bPTEN/SHIP−/− B cells exhibit enhanced survival and express more MCL1 and less Bim. These cells also express low amounts of p27kip1 and high amounts of cyclin D3 and thus appear poised to undergo proliferative expansion. Unlike normal B cells, bPTEN/SHIP−/− B cells proliferate to the prosurvival factor B cell activating factor (BAFF). Interestingly, although BAFF availability may promote lymphoma progression, we demonstrate that BAFF is not required for the expansion of transferred bPTEN/SHIP−/− B cells. This study reveals that PTEN and SHIP act cooperatively to suppress B cell lymphoma and provides the first direct evidence that SHIP is a tumor suppressor. As such, assessment of both PTEN and SHIP function are relevant to understanding the etiology of human B cell malignancies that exhibit augmented activation of the PI3K pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana V Miletic
- Program of Inflammatory Disease Research, Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, Cancer Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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16
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Peled JU, Sellers RS, Iglesias-Ussel MD, Shin DM, Montagna C, Zhao C, Li Z, Edelmann W, Morse HC, Scharff MD. Msh6 protects mature B cells from lymphoma by preserving genomic stability. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2010; 177:2597-608. [PMID: 20934970 DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2010.100234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Most human B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphomas arise from germinal centers. Within these sites, the mismatch repair factor MSH6 participates in antibody diversification. Reminiscent of the neoplasms arising in patients with Lynch syndrome III, mice deficient in MSH6 die prematurely of lymphoma. In this study, we characterized the B-cell tumors in MSH6-deficient mice and describe their histological, immunohistochemical, and molecular features, which include moderate microsatellite instability. Based on histological markers and gene expression, the tumor cells seem to be at or beyond the germinal center stage. The simultaneous loss of MSH6 and of activation-induced cytidine deaminase did not appreciably affect the survival of these animals, suggesting that these germinal center-like tumors arose by an activation-induced cytidine deaminase-independent pathway. We conclude that MSH6 protects B cells from neoplastic transformation by preserving genomic stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan U Peled
- Cell Biology Department, Chanin 403, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, NY 10461, USA
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17
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Hao X, Fredrickson TN, Chattopadhyay SK, Han W, Qi CF, Wang Z, Ward JM, Hartley JW, Morse HC. The histopathologic and molecular basis for the diagnosis of histiocytic sarcoma and histiocyte-associated lymphoma of mice. Vet Pathol 2010; 47:434-45. [PMID: 20472805 DOI: 10.1177/0300985810363705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Histiocytic sarcoma (HS) and histiocyte-associated lymphoma (HAL) of mice are difficult to distinguish histologically. Studies of multiple cases initially diagnosed as HS or HAL allowed us to define HS as round, fusiform, or mixed cell types that were F4/80+, Mac-2+, and PAX5-; that lacked markers for other sarcomas; and that had immune receptor genes in germline configuration. Two other subsets had clonal populations of lymphocytes. The first, HAL, featured malignant lymphocytes admixed with large populations of normal-appearing histiocytes. The second appeared to be composites of lymphoma and HS. Several cases suggestive of B myeloid-lineage plasticity were also observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Hao
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
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18
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de Jong D, Janz S. Anaplastic plasmacytoma of mouse--establishing parallels between subtypes of mouse and human plasma cell neoplasia. J Pathol 2010; 221:242-7. [PMID: 20527018 DOI: 10.1002/path.2714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Mouse models may provide an important tool for basic and applied research on human diseases. An ideal tumour model should replicate the phenotypic and molecular characteristics of human malignancy as well as the typical physiological effects and dissemination patterns. The histopathological and molecular genetic characterization of anaplastic plasmacytoma (APCT) in strain NSF.V(+) mice provides an example to achieve this goal for a specific lymphoma subtype. Firstly, it demonstrates that, like plasma-cell neoplasms in humans, those in mice occur as distinct subtypes. Secondly, it shows that mouse APCT exhibits striking parallels to possible human tumour counterparts for which good mouse models of de novo tumour development are sorely needed: IgM(+) multiple myeloma and Waldenström's macroglobulinaemia. Thirdly, it strongly suggests that insertional somatic mutagenesis, by either a murine leukaemia virus or an oncogenic transposon, would be an effective experimental approach to accelerating malignant transformation of mature B cells and plasma cells in mice and, thereby, tagging and uncovering cancer driver genes that may be of great relevance for the tumour initiation and progression in lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daphne de Jong
- Department of Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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19
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Qi CF, Shin DM, Li Z, Wang H, Feng J, Hartley JW, Fredrickson TN, Kovalchuk AL, Morse HC. Anaplastic plasmacytomas: relationships to normal memory B cells and plasma cell neoplasms of immunodeficient and autoimmune mice. J Pathol 2010; 221:106-16. [PMID: 20217872 DOI: 10.1002/path.2692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Anaplastic plasmacytomas (APCTs) from NFS.V(+) congenic mice and pristane-induced plasmacytic PCTs from BALB/c mice were previously shown to be histologically and molecularly distinct subsets of plasma cell neoplasms (PCNs). Here we extended these comparisons, contrasting primary APCTs and PCTs by gene expression profiling in relation to the expression profiles of normal naïve, germinal centre, and memory B cells and plasma cells. We also sequenced immunoglobulin genes from APCT and APCT-derived cell lines and defined surface phenotypes and chromosomal features of the cell lines by flow cytometry and by spectral karyotyping and fluorescence in situ hybridization. The results indicate that APCTs share many features with normal memory cells and the plasma cell-related neoplasms (PLs) of FASL-deficient mice, suggesting that APCTs and PLs are related and that both derive from memory B cells. Published in 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Feng Qi
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA
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20
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Warren M, Chung YJ, Howat WJ, Kitson H, McGinnis R, Hao X, McCafferty J, Fredrickson TN, Bradley A, Morse HC. Irradiated Blm-deficient mice are a highly tumor prone model for analysis of a broad spectrum of hematologic malignancies. Leuk Res 2010; 34:210-20. [PMID: 19709744 PMCID: PMC2815150 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2009.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2009] [Revised: 06/04/2009] [Accepted: 06/05/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the BLM gene cause human Bloom syndrome (BS), an autosomal recessive disorder of growth retardation, immunodeficiency and cancer predisposition. Homozygous null Blm(m3/m3) mice are cancer prone with a 5-fold increased risk of cancer compared with Blm(m3/+) and Blm(+/+) mice. Irradiation of Blm(m3/m3) mice increased the risk to 28-fold. Tumors occurred mainly in the hematopoietic system and were similar to those in BS based on detailed histologic and immunohistochemical analyses. Irradiated Blm-deficient mice thus provide a novel model for understanding accelerated malignancies in BS and a new platform for investigating the molecular basis for a wide range of hematopoietic neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhuri Warren
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
- University of Cambridge, Department of Histopathology, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, UK
| | - Yeun-Jun Chung
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - William J. Howat
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Hannah Kitson
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Ralph McGinnis
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Xingpei Hao
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
| | - John McCafferty
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Torgny N. Fredrickson
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
| | - Allan Bradley
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Herbert C. Morse
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
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21
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Liu J, Sørensen AB, Wang B, Wabl M, Nielsen AL, Pedersen FS. Identification of novel Bach2 transcripts and protein isoforms through tagging analysis of retroviral integrations in B-cell lymphomas. BMC Mol Biol 2009; 10:2. [PMID: 19159451 PMCID: PMC2635362 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2199-10-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2008] [Accepted: 01/21/2009] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Bach2 gene functions as a transcriptional repressor in B-cells, showing high expression level only before the plasma cell stage. Several lines of evidence indicate that Bach2 is a B-cell specific tumor suppressor. We here address patterns of insertional mutagenesis and expression of Bach2 is a murine retroviral model of B-cell lymphoma induction. RESULTS We report that the Bach2 gene is a target of proviral integrations in B-cell lymphomas induced by murine leukemia virus. An alternative Bach2 promoter was identified within intron 2 and this promoter was activated in one of the tumors harboring proviral integration. The alternative promoter was active in both normal and tumor tissue and the tissue specificity of the two Bach2 promoters was similar. Three different alternatively used Bach2 terminal exons were identified to be located in intron 4. The inclusion of these exons resulted in the generation of Bach2 mRNA with open reading frames lacking the bZIP DNA binding domain present in the normal Bach2 protein, but retaining a partial BTB protein dimerization domain. Such Bach2 protein was excluded from the cell nucleus. CONCLUSION We have identified an alternative promoter and new protein isoforms of Bach2. Our data imply that activation of an alternative promoter by proviral integration serves as a possible mechanism of up-regulation of the Bach2 gene with a potential role in B-cell lymphomagenesis. The finding of novel Bach2 transcripts and protein isoforms will facilitate a better insight into the normal and pathophysiological regulation of the Bach2 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghua Liu
- Department of Molecular Biology, C.F. Møllers Allé 1.130, University of Aarhus, Aarhus C, Denmark.
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22
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Tuomisto A, Sund M, Tahkola J, Latvanlehto A, Savolainen ER, Autio-Harmainen H, Liakka A, Sormunen R, Vuoristo J, West A, Lahesmaa R, Morse HC, Pihlajaniemi T. A mutant collagen XIII alters intestinal expression of immune response genes and predisposes transgenic mice to develop B-cell lymphomas. Cancer Res 2009; 68:10324-32. [PMID: 19074901 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-08-2582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial cells of mucosal surfaces are critical for maintaining immune homeostasis by aiding in the discrimination of pathogenic and commensal microorganisms and modulating the activities of antigen-presenting cells and lymphocytes. Functional breakdowns resulting in chronic infection and inflammation are associated with the development of hematologic and solid neoplasms for which detailed pathogenetic mechanisms are poorly understood. Mice heterozygous for a transgene Col13a1(del) expressing a mutant collagen XIII developed clonal mature B-cell lineage lymphomas originating in mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN). The tumors were associated with T cells and macrophages. The incidence of disease was reduced 2-fold in transgenic mice raised under specific pathogen-free conditions, suggesting a role for infectious agents. The lymphomas did not express the mutant collagen XIII, indicating that its influence on tumorigenesis was B-cell extrinsic and likely to be associated with collagen XIII-positive tissues drained by the MLN. Studies of the small intestines of transgenic mice showed that the subepithelial basement membranes (BM) were highly abnormal and that they exhibited heightened expression of genes involved in immune responses. These results define collagen XIII-dependent maintenance of the intestinal BM as a previously unappreciated component of immune responses and a critical determinant of cancer susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Tuomisto
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oulu Center for Cell-Matrix Research, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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23
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Shin DM, Shaffer DJ, Wang H, Roopenian DC, Morse HC. NOTCH is part of the transcriptional network regulating cell growth and survival in mouse plasmacytomas. Cancer Res 2008; 68:9202-11. [PMID: 19010892 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-07-6555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Aside from Myc-activating translocations characteristic of plasmacytomas (PCT), little is known about genetic factors and signaling pathways responsible for the development of spontaneous B-cell lineage lymphomas of mice. Here, we characterized the transcriptional profiles of PCT, centroblastic diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (CBL), and high-grade splenic marginal zone B-cell lymphoma (MZL++) using high-throughput quantitative reverse transcription-PCR. Expression profiles of CBL and MZL++ were strikingly similar and quite unlike that of PCT. Among the genes expressed at significantly higher levels by PCT were a number involved in NOTCH signaling, a finding supported by gene set enrichment analyses of microarray data. To investigate the importance of this pathway, NOTCH signaling was blocked in PCT cell lines by treatment with a gamma-secretase inhibitor (GSI) or transduction of a dominant-negative mutant of MAML1. These treatments resulted in reduced expression of NOTCH transcriptional targets in association with impaired proliferation and increased apoptosis. GSI treatment of transformed plasma cells in a primary PCT also induced apoptosis. These results integrate NOTCH activation with oncogenic signaling pathways downstream of translocated Myc in the pathogenesis of mouse PCT, two signaling pathways also implicated in development of human multiple myeloma and T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Mi Shin
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Rockville, Maryland 20852, USA
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24
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Hiratsuka T, Tsuruyama T, Kaszynski R, Kometani K, Minato N, Nakamura T, Tamaki K, Hiai H. Bone marrow pre-B expansion by SL/Kh-Bomb1 locus: Not sufficient for lymphomagenesis. Leuk Res 2008; 32:309-14. [PMID: 17617450 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2007.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2007] [Revised: 05/15/2007] [Accepted: 05/18/2007] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The pre-B lymphoma in SL/Kh mice is a polygenic trait involving a number of host genes. In prelymphoma-stage bone marrow, transient pre-B cell expansion is induced by a host locus, Bomb1, and later followed by the emergence of a monoclonal population with a similar phenotype. To determine whether these pre-B cells represent precursors of lymphomas, we generated a congenic strain, NFS.SL/Kh-Bomb1 mice, by marker-assisted backcrossing to NFS. The congenic mice showed pre-B cell expansion, but pre-B lymphomas were not observed, even after 1 year of observation, irrespective of murine leukemia virus inoculation. Disturbed early B cell differentiation per se is not sufficient for SL/Kh lymphomagenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Hiratsuka
- Department of Pathology and Biology of Diseases, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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25
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Yu D, Cook MC, Shin D, Silva DG, Marshall J, Toellner K, Havran WL, Caroni P, Cooke MP, Morse HC, MacLennan ICM, Goodnow CC, Vinuesa CG. Axon growth and guidance genes identify T‐dependent germinal centre B cells. Immunol Cell Biol 2007; 86:3-14. [DOI: 10.1038/sj.icb.7100123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Di Yu
- Division of Immunology and Genetics, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National UniversityCanberraAustralia
| | - Matthew C Cook
- Australian National University Medical SchoolCanberraAustralia
| | - Dong‐Mi Shin
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of HealthRockvilleMDUSA
| | - Diego G Silva
- Division of Immunology and Genetics, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National UniversityCanberraAustralia
| | - Jennifer Marshall
- MRC Centre for Immune Regulation, University of BirminghamBirminghamUK
| | | | - Wendy L Havran
- Department of Immunology, The Scripps Research InstituteLa JollaCAUSA
| | - Pico Caroni
- Friedrich Miescher InstituteBaselSwitzerland
| | - Michael P Cooke
- The Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research FoundationSan DiegoCAUSA
| | - Herbert C Morse
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of HealthRockvilleMDUSA
| | - Ian CM MacLennan
- MRC Centre for Immune Regulation, University of BirminghamBirminghamUK
| | - Christopher C Goodnow
- Division of Immunology and Genetics, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National UniversityCanberraAustralia
- Australian Phenomics FacilityCanberraACTAustralia
| | - Carola G Vinuesa
- Division of Immunology and Genetics, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National UniversityCanberraAustralia
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Weiser KC, Liu B, Hansen GM, Skapura D, Hentges KE, Yarlagadda S, Morse Iii HC, Justice MJ. Retroviral insertions in the VISION database identify molecular pathways in mouse lymphoid leukemia and lymphoma. Mamm Genome 2007; 18:709-22. [PMID: 17926094 PMCID: PMC2042025 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-007-9060-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2007] [Accepted: 07/30/2007] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
AKXD recombinant inbred (RI) strains develop a variety of leukemias and lymphomas due to somatically acquired insertions of retroviral DNA into the genome of hematopoetic cells that can mutate cellular proto-oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. We generated a new set of tumors from nine AKXD RI strains selected for their propensity to develop B-cell tumors, the most common type of human hematopoietic cancers. We employed a PCR technique called viral insertion site amplification (VISA) to rapidly isolate genomic sequence at the site of provirus insertion. Here we describe 550 VISA sequence tags (VSTs) that identify 74 common insertion sites (CISs), of which 21 have not been identified previously. Several suspected proto-oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes lie near CISs, providing supportive evidence for their roles in cancer. Furthermore, numerous previously uncharacterized genes lie near CISs, providing a pool of candidate disease genes for future research. Pathway analysis of candidate genes identified several signaling pathways as common and powerful routes to blood cancer, including Notch, E-protein, NFκB, and Ras signaling. Misregulation of several Notch signaling genes was confirmed by quantitative RT-PCR. Our data suggest that analyses of insertional mutagenesis on a single genetic background are biased toward the identification of cooperating mutations. This tumor collection represents the most comprehensive study of the genetics of B-cell leukemia and lymphoma development in mice. We have deposited the VST sequences, CISs in a genome viewer, histopathology, and molecular tumor typing data in a public web database called VISION (Viral Insertion Sites Identifying Oncogenes), which is located at http://www.mouse-genome.bcm.tmc.edu/vision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith C Weiser
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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Qi CF, Zhou JX, Lee CH, Naghashfar Z, Xiang S, Kovalchuk AL, Fredrickson TN, Hartley JW, Roopenian DC, Davidson WF, Janz S, Morse HC. Anaplastic, plasmablastic, and plasmacytic plasmacytomas of mice: relationships to human plasma cell neoplasms and late-stage differentiation of normal B cells. Cancer Res 2007; 67:2439-47. [PMID: 17363561 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-06-1561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We have compared histologic features and gene expression profiles of newly identified plasmacytomas from NFS.V(+) congenic mice with plasmacytomas of IL6 transgenic, Fasl mutant, and SJL-beta2M(-/-) mice. NFS.V(+) tumors comprised an overlapping morphologic spectrum of high-grade/anaplastic, intermediate-grade/plasmablastic, and low-grade/plasmacytic cases with similarities to subsets of human multiple myeloma and plasmacytoma. Microarray and immunohistochemical analyses of genes expressed by the most prevalent tumors, plasmablastic plasmacytomas, showed them to be most closely related to immunoblastic lymphomas, less so to plasmacytomas of Fasl mutant and SJL mice, and least to plasmacytic plasmacytomas of IL6 transgenic mice. Plasmablastic tumors seemed to develop in an inflammatory environment associated with gene signatures of T cells, natural killer cells, and macrophages not seen with plasmacytic plasmacytomas. Plasmablastic plasmacytomas from NFS.V(+) and SJL-beta2M(-/-) mice did not have structural alterations in Myc or T(12;15) translocations and did not express Myc at high levels, regular features of transgenic and pristane-induced plasmacytomas. These findings imply that, as for human multiple myeloma, Myc-independent routes of transformation contribute to the pathogenesis of these tumors. These findings suggest that plasma cell neoplasms of mice and humans exhibit similar degrees of complexity. Mouse plasmacytomas, previously considered to be homogeneous, may thus be as diverse as their human counterparts with respect to oncogenic mechanisms of plasma cell transformation. Selecting specific types of mouse plasmacytomas that relate most closely to subtypes of human multiple myeloma may provide new opportunities for preclinical testing of drugs for treatment of the human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Feng Qi
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Rockville, Maryland 20852, USA
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Sørensen KD, Kunder S, Quintanilla-Martinez L, Sørensen J, Schmidt J, Pedersen FS. Enhancer mutations of Akv murine leukemia virus inhibit the induction of mature B-cell lymphomas and shift disease specificity towards the more differentiated plasma cell stage. Virology 2007; 362:179-91. [PMID: 17258785 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2006.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2006] [Revised: 11/22/2006] [Accepted: 12/08/2006] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This study investigates the role of the proviral transcriptional enhancer for B-lymphoma induction by exogenous Akv murine leukemia virus. Infection of newborn inbred NMRI mice with Akv induced 35% plasma cell proliferations (PCPs) (consistent with plasmacytoma), 33% diffuse large B-cell lymphomas, 25% follicular B-cell lymphomas and few splenic marginal zone and small B-cell lymphomas. Deleting one copy of the 99-bp proviral enhancer sequence still allowed induction of multiple B-cell tumor types, although PCPs dominated (77%). Additional mutation of binding sites for the glucocorticoid receptor, Ets, Runx, or basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors in the proviral U3 region, however, shifted disease induction to almost exclusively PCPs, but had no major influence on tumor latency periods. Southern analysis of immunoglobulin rearrangements and ecotropic provirus integration patterns showed that many of the tumors/cell proliferations induced by each virus were polyclonal. Our results indicate that enhancer mutations weaken the ability of Akv to induce mature B-cell lymphomas prior to the plasma cell stage, whereas development of plasma cell proliferations is less dependent of viral enhancer strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Dalsgaard Sørensen
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Aarhus, C.F. Møllers Allé, Bldg. 130, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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29
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Ma SL, Sørensen AB, Kunder S, Sørensen KD, Quintanilla-Martinez L, Morris DW, Schmidt J, Pedersen FS. The Icsbp locus is a common proviral insertion site in mature B-cell lymphomas/plasmacytomas induced by exogenous murine leukemia virus. Virology 2006; 352:306-18. [PMID: 16780917 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2006.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2006] [Revised: 02/16/2006] [Accepted: 05/03/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
ICSBP (interferon consensus sequence binding protein)/IRF8 (interferon regulatory factor 8) is an interferon gamma-inducible transcription factor expressed predominantly in hematopoietic cells, and down-regulation of this factor has been observed in chronic myelogenous leukemia and acute myeloid leukemia in man. By screening about 1200 murine leukemia virus (MLV)-induced lymphomas, we found proviral insertions at the Icsbp locus in 14 tumors, 13 of which were mature B-cell lymphomas or plasmacytomas. Only one was a T-cell lymphoma, although such tumors constituted about half of the samples screened. This indicates that the Icsbp locus can play a specific role in the development of mature B-lineage malignancies. Two proviral insertions in the last Icsbp exon were found to act by a poly(A)-insertion mechanism. The remaining insertions were found within or outside Icsbp. Since our results showed expression of Icsbp RNA and protein in all end-stage tumor samples, a simple tumor suppressor function of ICSBP is not likely. Interestingly, proviral insertions at Icsbp have not been reported from previous extensive screenings of mature B-cell lymphomas induced by endogenous MLVs. We propose that ICSBP might be involved in an early modulation of an immune response to exogenous MLVs that might also play a role in proliferation of the mature B-cell lymphomas.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Base Sequence
- Interferon Regulatory Factors/genetics
- Leukemia Virus, Murine/genetics
- Leukemia Virus, Murine/pathogenicity
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/etiology
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/genetics
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/pathology
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/virology
- Mice
- Plasmacytoma/etiology
- Plasmacytoma/genetics
- Plasmacytoma/pathology
- Plasmacytoma/virology
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- RNA, Neoplasm/genetics
- RNA, Neoplasm/metabolism
- Virus Integration/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Liang Ma
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Aarhus, C.F. Møllers Alle, Bldg. 130, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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30
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Calpe S, Erdos E, Liao G, Wang N, Rietdijk S, Simarro M, Scholtz B, Mooney J, Lee CH, Shin MS, Rajnavölgyi E, Schatzle J, Morse HC, Terhorst C, Lanyi A. Identification and characterization of two related murine genes, Eat2a and Eat2b, encoding single SH2-domain adapters. Immunogenetics 2006; 58:15-25. [PMID: 16425036 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-005-0056-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2005] [Accepted: 09/20/2005] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Human EAT-2 (SH2D1B) and SLAM-associated protein (SAP) (SH2D1A) are single SH2-domain adapters, which bind to specific tyrosine residues in the cytoplasmic tail of six signaling lymphocytic activation molecule (SLAM) (SLAMF1)-related receptors. Here we report that, unlike in humans, the mouse and rat Eat2 genes are duplicated with an identical genomic organization. The coding regions of the mouse Eat2a and Eat2b genes share 91% identity at the nucleotide level and 84% at the protein level; similarly, segments of introns are highly conserved. Whereas expression of mouse Eat2a mRNA was detected in multiple tissues, Eat2b was only detectable in mouse natural killer cells, CD8+ T cells, and ovaries, suggesting a very restricted tissue expression of the latter. Both the EAT-2A and EAT-2B coimmunoprecipitated with mouse SLAM in transfected cells and augmented tyrosine phosphorylation of the cytoplasmic tail of SLAM. Both EAT-2A and EAT-2B bind to the Src-like kinases Fyn, Hck, Lyn, Lck, and Fgr, as determined by a yeast two-hybrid assay. However, unlike SAP, the EAT-2 proteins bind to their kinase domains and not to the SH3 domain of these kinases. Taken together, the data suggest that both EAT-2A and EAT-2B are adapters that recruit Src kinases to SLAM family receptors using a mechanism that is distinct from that of SAP.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/genetics
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/metabolism
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Antigens, CD/analysis
- Cells, Cultured
- Chromosomes, Artificial, Bacterial
- Expressed Sequence Tags
- Glycoproteins/metabolism
- Immunoglobulins/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Congenic
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Phosphorylation
- Protein Binding/physiology
- Rats
- Receptors, Cell Surface
- Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
- Signal Transduction
- Signaling Lymphocytic Activation Molecule Family Member 1
- Transcription Factors/genetics
- Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Transfection
- src Homology Domains/genetics
- src-Family Kinases/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Calpe
- Division of Immunology BIDMC, Harvard Medical School, 77 Ave. Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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31
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Hao X, Shin MS, Zhou JX, Lee CH, Qi CF, Naghashfar Z, Hartley JW, Fredrickson TN, Ward JM, Morse HC. Histologic and molecular characterizations of megakaryocytic leukemia in mice. Leuk Res 2005; 30:397-406. [PMID: 16219351 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2005.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2005] [Revised: 08/17/2005] [Accepted: 08/18/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Six cases of megakaryocytic leukemia (MKL) were identified and analyzed for morphology and molecular features. MKL were composed of megakaryocyte lineage cells ranging from immature to quite mature cells. VWF, GATA1 and RUNX1 were strongly expressed in megakaryocytes in both normal spleen and MKL as analyzed by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Altered expression of Meis1, Pbx1 and Psen2 and Lef1 in MKL detected with oligonucleotide microarrays was confirmed by qPCR and IHC. This is the first report of spontaneous MKL in mice, defining VWF as a biomarker for diagnosis and suggesting possible involvement of a series of genes in disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingpei Hao
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health, Rockville, MD 20852, USA.
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32
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Qi CF, Xiang S, Shin MS, Hao X, Lee CH, Zhou JX, Torrey TA, Hartley JW, Fredrickson TN, Morse HC. Expression of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27 and its deregulation in mouse B cell lymphomas. Leuk Res 2005; 30:153-63. [PMID: 16122798 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2005.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2004] [Accepted: 06/13/2005] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
CDKN1B (p27) regulates cell-cycle progression at the G1-S transition by suppressing the cyclin E/CDK2 kinase complex. In normal lymphocytes and most human B cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL), there is an inverse correlation between proliferative activity and expression of p27; however, a subset of NHL with high mitotic indices expresses p27, which is inactive due to sequestration in nuclear protein complexes or due to cytoplasmic retention. Our studies of mouse B cell NHL also identified cases with high proliferative activity and high levels of p27 at a surprisingly high frequency. Here, p27 was complexed with D-type cyclins 1 and 3 and with the COPS9 protein, JAB1. In addition, we found cytoplasmic sequestration following phosphorylation by activated AKT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Feng Qi
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Twinbrook I, Room 1421, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
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33
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Sørensen KD, Sørensen AB, Quintanilla-Martinez L, Kunder S, Schmidt J, Pedersen FS. Distinct roles of enhancer nuclear factor 1 (NF1) sites in plasmacytoma and osteopetrosis induction by Akv1-99 murine leukemia virus. Virology 2005; 334:234-44. [PMID: 15780873 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2005.01.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2004] [Revised: 12/30/2004] [Accepted: 01/31/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Murine leukemia viruses (MLVs) can be lymphomagenic and bone pathogenic. In this work, the possible roles of two distinct proviral enhancer nuclear factor 1 (NF1) binding sites in osteopetrosis and tumor induction by B-lymphomagenic Akv1-99 MLV were investigated. Akv1-99 and mutants either with NF1 site 1, NF1 site 2 or both sites disrupted induced tumors (plasma cell proliferations by histopathology) with remarkably similar incidence and mean latency in inbred NMRI mice. Clonal immunoglobulin gene rearrangement detection, by Southern analysis, confirmed approximately half of the tumors induced by each virus to be plasmacytomas while the remaining lacked detectable clonally rearranged Ig genes and were considered polyclonal; a demonstration that enhancer NF1 sites are dispensable for plasmacytoma induction by Akv1-99. In contrast, X-ray analysis revealed significant differences in osteopetrosis induction by the four viruses strongly indicating that NF1 site 2 is critical for viral bone pathogenicity, whereas NF1 site 1 is neutral or moderately inhibitory. In conclusion, enhancer NF1 sites are major determinants of osteopetrosis induction by Akv1-99 without significant influence on viral oncogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Dalsgaard Sørensen
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Aarhus, C.F. Møllers Allé, Building 130, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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34
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Zhang JQ, Okumura C, McCarty T, Shin MS, Mukhopadhyay P, Hori M, Torrey TA, Naghashfar Z, Zhou JX, Lee CH, Roopenian DC, Morse HC, Davidson WF. Evidence for selective transformation of autoreactive immature plasma cells in mice deficient in Fasl. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 200:1467-78. [PMID: 15583018 PMCID: PMC2211944 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20041575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Germline mutations in Fas and Fasl induce nonmalignant T cell hyperplasia and systemic autoimmunity and also greatly increase the risk of B cell neoplasms. B lymphomas occurring in Fasl mutant (gld) mice usually are immunoglobulin (Ig) isotype switched, secrete Ig, and are plasmacytoid in appearance but lack Myc translocations characteristic of other plasma cell (PC) neoplasms. Here, we explore the relationship between B cell autoreactivity and transformation and use gene expression profiling to further classify gld plasmacytoid lymphomas (PLs) and to identify genes of potential importance in transformation. We found that the majority of PLs derive from antigen-experienced autoreactive B cells producing antinuclear antibody or rheumatoid factor and exhibit the skewed Ig V gene repertoire and Ig gene rearrangement patterns associated with these specificities. Gene expression profiling revealed that both primary and transplanted PLs share a transcriptional profile that places them at an early stage in PC differentiation and distinguishes them from other B cell neoplasms. In addition, genes were identified whose altered expression might be relevant in lymphomagenesis. Our findings provide a strong case for targeted transformation of autoreactive B cells in gld mice and establish a valuable model for understanding the relationship between systemic autoimmunity and B cell neoplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Qiao Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Holland Laboratory, American Red Cross, Rockville, MD 20855, USA
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35
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Shin MS, Fredrickson TN, Hartley JW, Suzuki T, Akagi K, Agaki K, Morse HC. High-Throughput Retroviral Tagging for Identification of Genes Involved in Initiation and Progression of Mouse Splenic Marginal Zone Lymphomas. Cancer Res 2004; 64:4419-27. [PMID: 15231650 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-03-3885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Human B-cell lymphomas are frequently associated with specific genetic changes caused by chromosomal translocations that activate proto-oncogenes. For lymphomas of mice expressing murine leukemia virus, mutagenic proviral insertions are thought to play a similar role. Here we report studies designed to determine whether specific retroviral integration sites might be associated with a specific subset of mouse B-cell lymphomas and if the genes associated with these sites are regularly altered in expression. We studied splenic marginal zone lymphomas (MZL) of NFS.V(+) mice that are unusual in exhibiting frequent progression from low to high grade, potentially allowing assignment of cancer genes to processes of initiation and progression. We used inverse PCR to clone and analyze 212 retroviral integration sites from 43 MZL at different stages of progression. Sixty-two marked common integration sites and included 31 that had been marked previously. Among the new common integration sites, seven were unique to MZL. Using microarrays and real-time quantitative PCR analysis, we defined differential patterns of gene expression in association with disease progression for Gfi1, Sox4, Brca2, Snf1lk, Nfkb1, Pou2af1, Prdm1, Stat6, and Blnk. Heightened expression of Gfi1 distinguishes MZL from other lymphoma types. The combined use of proviral tagging and analyses of gene expression thus provides a powerful approach to understanding of genes that collaborate in tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Sun Shin
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Rockville, Maryland 20852, USA
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36
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Abstract
Splenic marginal zone lymphoma (SMZL) is a specific low-grade small B-cell lymphoma that is incorporated in the World Health Organization classification. Characteristic features are splenomegaly, moderate lymphocytosis with villous morphology, intrasinusoidal pattern of involvement of various organs, especially bone marrow, and relative indolent course. Tumor progression with increase of blastic forms and aggressive behavior are observed in a minority of patients. Molecular and cytogenetic studies have shown heterogeneous results probably because of the lack of standardized diagnostic criteria. To date, no definitive therapy has been established. Therapeutic options include treatment abstention, splenectomy, splenic irradiation, and chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vito Franco
- Istituto di Anatomia e Istologia Patologica and Divisione di Ematologia con TMO, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
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37
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Goldstein LS, Kheifets L, van Deventer E, Repacholi M. Comments on "Long-term exposure of Emicro-Pim1 transgenic mice to 898.4 MHz microwaves does not increase lymphoma incidence" by Utteridge et al., Radiat. Res. 158, 357-364 (2002). Radiat Res 2003; 159:275-6; author reply 276-8. [PMID: 12537535 DOI: 10.1667/0033-7587(2003)159[0275:colteo]2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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38
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Morse HC, McCarty T, Qi CF, Torrey TA, Naghashfar Z, Chattopadhyay SK, Fredrickson TN, Hartley JW. B lymphoid neoplasms of mice: characteristics of naturally occurring and engineered diseases and relationships to human disorders. Adv Immunol 2003; 81:97-121. [PMID: 14711054 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2776(03)81003-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Herbert C Morse
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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39
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Oghiso Y, Yamada Y. Pre-B-Cell Lymphomas in Mice Following Injection of 239Pu Citrate: Comparison with MNU-Induced T-Lymphoblastic Lymphomas. J Toxicol Pathol 2003. [DOI: 10.1293/tox.16.93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yoichi Oghiso
- Internal Radiation Effects Research Group, Research Center for Radiation Safety, National Institute of Radiological Sciences
| | - Yutaka Yamada
- Internal Radiation Effects Research Group, Research Center for Radiation Safety, National Institute of Radiological Sciences
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40
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Suzuki T, Shen H, Akagi K, Morse HC, Malley JD, Naiman DQ, Jenkins NA, Copeland NG. New genes involved in cancer identified by retroviral tagging. Nat Genet 2002; 32:166-74. [PMID: 12185365 DOI: 10.1038/ng949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 348] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Retroviral insertional mutagenesis in BXH2 and AKXD mice induces a high incidence of myeloid leukemia and B- and T-cell lymphoma, respectively. The retroviral integration sites (RISs) in these tumors thus provide powerful genetic tags for the discovery of genes involved in cancer. Here we report the first large-scale use of retroviral tagging for cancer gene discovery in the post-genome era. Using high throughput inverse PCR, we cloned and analyzed the sequences of 884 RISs from a tumor panel composed primarily of B-cell lymphomas. We then compared these sequences, and another 415 RIS sequences previously cloned from BXH2 myeloid leukemias and from a few AKXD lymphomas, against the recently assembled mouse genome sequence. These studies identified 152 loci that are targets of retroviral integration in more than one tumor (common retroviral integration sites, CISs) and therefore likely to encode a cancer gene. Thirty-six CISs encode genes that are known or predicted to be genes involved in human cancer or their homologs, whereas others encode candidate genes that have not yet been examined for a role in human cancer. Our studies demonstrate the power of retroviral tagging for cancer gene discovery in the post-genome era and indicate a largely unrecognized complexity in mouse and presumably human cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Suzuki
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702, USA
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41
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Hori M, Qi CF, Torrey TA, Huppi K, Morse HC. The Bcl6 locus is not mutated in mouse B-cell lineage lymphomas. Leuk Res 2002; 26:739-43. [PMID: 12191569 DOI: 10.1016/s0145-2126(01)00200-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In normal human germinal centre (GC) B-cells and post-GC B-cell lymphomas, a region in the first intron of the BCL6 gene, termed the major mutations cluster (MMC) exhibits somatic point mutations and deletions with patterns very similar to those seen in the variable regions of immunoglobulin (Ig) genes. In studies of mouse post-GC diffuse large cell lymphoma, Burkitt lymphomas, and plasmacytomas, direct sequencing or cold SSCP analyses revealed no mutations within a 686-bp region in Bcl6 intron 1 with 72% identity to the human MMC. The mouse Bcl6 locus must be inaccessible to the mutational machinery responsible for somatic mutations of Ig and BCL6 in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuo Hori
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, 7 Centre Drive, Room 304, MSC 0760, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA .
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42
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Kovalchuk AL, Kim JS, Park SS, Coleman AE, Ward JM, Morse HC, Kishimoto T, Potter M, Janz S. IL-6 transgenic mouse model for extraosseous plasmacytoma. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2002; 99:1509-14. [PMID: 11805288 PMCID: PMC122221 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.022643999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/03/2001] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasma cell neoplasms in humans comprise plasma cell myeloma, otherwise known as multiple myeloma, Ig deposition and heavy chain diseases, and plasmacytoma (PCT). A subset of PCT, designated extramedullary PCT, is distinguished from multiple myeloma and solitary PCT of bone by its distribution among various tissue sites but not the bone marrow. Extramedullary (extraosseus) PCT are rare spontaneous neoplasms of mice but are readily induced in a susceptible strain, BALB/c, by treatment with pristane. The tumors develop in peritoneal granulomas and are characterized by Myc-activating T(12;15) chromosomal translocations and, most frequently, by secretion of IgA. A uniting feature of human and mouse plasma cell neoplasms is the critical role played by IL-6, a B cell growth, differentiation, and survival factor. To directly test the contribution of IL-6 to PCT development, we generated BALB/c mice carrying a widely expressed IL-6 transgene. All mice exhibited lymphoproliferation and plasmacytosis. By 18 months of age, over half developed readily transplantable PCT in lymph nodes, Peyer's patches, and sometimes spleen. These neoplasms also had T(12;15) translocations, but remarkably, none expressed IgA. Unexpectedly, approximately 30% of the mice developed follicular and diffuse large cell B cell lymphomas that often coexisted with PCT. These findings provide a unique model of extramedullary PCT for studies on pathogenesis and treatment and suggest a previously unappreciated role for IL-6 in the genesis of germinal center-derived lymphomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander L Kovalchuk
- Laboratory of Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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43
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Abstract
Fifty male and 49 female B6;129 mice (wild-type, +/+) were maintained until 2 years of age to study their age-related pathology. By 104-105 weeks, 14/50 (28%) of the males and 30/49 (61%) of the females were still alive. The most common contributing cause of morbidity or mortality was lymphoma. Lymphoma was observed in 21/50 (42%) of the males and 33/49 (67%) of the females with the most common sites being mesenteric lymph nodes, gut associated lymphoid tissue (Peyer's patches), and spleen. The lymphoma most often appeared to arise in the mesenteric node. Immunohistochemistry revealed CD45R expression as well as infiltration by many CD3+ T cells. IgH gene rearrangements were found in typical mesenteric node lymphomas indicating B-cell origin. They bore similarities to the human T-cell rich, B-cell lymphomas. Other tumors included hepatocellular adenoma or carcinoma (male 12%, females 10%), lung alveolar Type II cell adenoma or carcinoma (male 32%, female 20%), thyroid follicular adenoma or carcinoma (male 2%, female 8%), ovarian tumors (17%), and endometrial tumors (6%). Nonneoplastic lesions included amyloid-like material in the nasal septum (male and female 100%), otitis media (male 84%, female 79%), epididymal epithelial karyomegaly (88%), melanosis (high incidences in various tissues including brain, parathyroid, and spleen), membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (male 52%, female 71%), hyalinosis with extracellular crystals in several tissues (respiratory tract, gall bladder, stomach), islet cell hyperplasia (male 45%, female 29%) and esophageal dilation (male 10%, female 6%). The B6;129 mouse is a mouse with aging lesions similar to those in other mouse strains but with a characteristic common lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- D C Haines
- Veterinary Pathology Section, Pathology/Histotechnology Laboratory, SAIC Frederickm, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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44
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Morse HC, Qi CF, Chattopadhyay SK, Hori M, Taddesse-Heath L, Ozato K, Hartley JW, Taylor BA, Ward JM, Jenkins NA, Copeland NG, Fredrickson TN. Combined histologic and molecular features reveal previously unappreciated subsets of lymphoma in AKXD recombinant inbred mice. Leuk Res 2001; 25:719-33. [PMID: 11397479 DOI: 10.1016/s0145-2126(01)00022-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic neoplasms developing in AKXD recombinant inbred, NFS.V(+) and ICSBP knockout mice were assessed using morphologic, cytologic and molecular criteria that relate these disorders to human lymphoma and leukemia. Lymphoma types included precursor T-cell and B-cell lymphoblastic, small lymphocytic, splenic marginal zone, follicular, and diffuse large cell (DLCL). In addition to previously defined subtypes of DLCL composed of centroblasts or immunoblasts, two additional subtypes are defined here: lymphoblastic lymphoma like (LL) and lymphoma characterized by a histiocytic reaction (HS). DLCL(HS) were distinguished from true histiocytic lymphomas by the presence of clonal Ig gene rearrangements.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Crosses, Genetic
- Disease Models, Animal
- Female
- Gene Rearrangement
- Gene Rearrangement, beta-Chain T-Cell Antigen Receptor/genetics
- Genes, T-Cell Receptor beta/genetics
- Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains/genetics
- Immunoglobulin kappa-Chains/genetics
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/classification
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/genetics
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/pathology
- Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/classification
- Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/genetics
- Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred AKR
- Mice, Inbred DBA
- Mice, Knockout
- Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/classification
- Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/genetics
- Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- H C Morse
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Room 7/304, 7 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-0760, USA
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45
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Abstract
As the human and mouse genome projects approach their goals, initiatives in functional genomics are advancing. When the nucleotide sequences are available, identification of gene functions will assume even greater importance. Determination of gene products and their proximal biochemical functions provide a part of the picture, but determination of their functions in the context of the whole organism is the ultimate goal. The manipulated mouse genome has become accepted as a model for understanding the genetic basis of human conditions and diseases. Consequently, biomedical research institutions have seen significant increases in the use of mice since the early 1980s, and these increases are largely attributable to the use of genetically modified mice. The role of comparative pathology in research on mutant mouse models of disease is increasing in response to these trends. Evaluation and phenotypic characterization of mutant mice, via clinical and anatomic pathology techniques, will be an important component of functional genomics initiatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Brayton
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston TX 77030, USA.
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46
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Hori M, Xiang S, Qi CF, Chattopadhyay SK, Fredrickson TN, Hartley JW, Kovalchuk AL, Bornkamm GW, Janz S, Copeland NG, Jenkins NA, Ward JM, Morse HC. Non-Hodgkin Lymphomas of Mice. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2001; 27:217-22. [PMID: 11358382 DOI: 10.1006/bcmd.2000.0375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Studies of lymphoid neoplasms occurring in normal or genetically engineered mice have revealed parallels and differences to non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL) of humans. Some mouse lymphomas have strong histologic similarities to the human NHL subsets including precursor B- and T-cell lymphoblastic, small lymphocytic, splenic marginal zone, and diffuse large-cell B-cell lymphomas (DLCL); whether molecular parallels also exist is under study. Others mouse types such as sIg+ lymphoblastic B-cell lymphoma have no histologic equivalent in human NHL even though they share molecular deregulation of BCL6 with human DLCL. Finally, Burkitt lymphoma does not appear to occur naturally in mice, but it can be induced with appropriately engineered transgenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hori
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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Qi CF, Hori M, Coleman AE, Torrey TA, Taddesse-Heath L, Ye BH, Chattopadhyay SK, Hartley JW, Morse HC. Genomic organisation and expression of BCL6 in murine B-cell lymphomas. Leuk Res 2000; 24:719-32. [PMID: 10936424 DOI: 10.1016/s0145-2126(00)00028-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BCL6 encodes a transcription factor deregulated by chromosomal translocations in human diffuse large cell B lymphomas (DLCL). This study was designed to determine whether Bcl6 might also be involved in lymphomas of mice. BCL6 protein was expressed at high levels in 90% or more of DLCL but not in low grade B lymphomas. Southern hybridisation studies demonstrated altered organisation of Bcl6 in three primary DLCL and the WEHI 231 B-cell lymphoma cell line but not in low grade tumours. Chromosomal painting and fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) analyses of the WEHI 231 metaphase spreads revealed a T(5;16) translocation with Bcl6 on Chromosome 16 at the translocation breakpoint. Deregulated expression of BCL6 is thus likely to contribute to the genesis of DLCL of mice as well as of humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- C F Qi
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, USA
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48
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Taddesse-Heath L, Chattopadhyay SK, Dillehay DL, Lander MR, Nagashfar Z, Morse HC, Hartley JW. Lymphomas and high-level expression of murine leukemia viruses in CFW mice. J Virol 2000; 74:6832-7. [PMID: 10888622 PMCID: PMC112200 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.74.15.6832-6837.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Historically, Swiss Webster mice of the CFW subline, both inbred and random-bred stocks, have been considered to have a low spontaneous occurrence of hematopoietic system tumors, and previous reports of infectious expression of murine leukemia viruses (MuLVs) have been rare and unremarkable. In marked contrast, in the present study of CFW mice from one source observed by two laboratories over a 2-year period, nearly 60% developed tumors, 85% of which were lymphomas, the majority of B-cell origin. All tumors tested expressed ecotropic MuLVs, and most expressed mink cell focus-inducing (MCF) MuLVs. Among normal mice of weanling to advanced age, over one-half were positive for ecotropic virus in tail or lymphoid tissues, and MCF virus was frequently present in lymphoid tissue, less often in tail. Patterns of ecotropic proviral integration indicated that natural infection occurred by both genetic and exogenous routes. Lymphomas were induced in NIH Swiss mice infected as neonates with tissue culture-propagated MuLVs isolated from normal and tumor tissue of CFW mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Taddesse-Heath
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-0760, USA
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