1
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Justice MJ. Sex matters in preclinical research. Dis Model Mech 2024; 17:dmm050759. [PMID: 38450661 PMCID: PMC10941654 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.050759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
International Women's Day 2024 has a theme of inclusion. As publishers of preclinical research, we aim to show how inclusion of females in research advances scientific rigor and improves treatment reliability. Sexual reproduction is key to all life across the plant and animal kingdoms. Biological sex takes many forms that are morphologically differentiated during development: stamens versus pistils in plants; color and plumage in birds; fallopian tubes versus vas deferens in mammals; and differences in size, for instance, males are smaller in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. Physical differences may be obvious, but many traits may be more obscure, including hormonal, physiological and metabolic factors. These traits have a big influence on disease and responses to treatment. Thus, we call for improved inclusion, analysis and reporting of sex as a biological variable in preclinical animal modeling research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica J. Justice
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 0A4, Canada
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2
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Tillotson R, Yan K, Ruston J, DeYoung T, Córdova A, Turcotte-Cardin V, Yee Y, Taylor C, Visuvanathan S, Babbs C, Ivakine EA, Sled JG, Nieman BJ, Picketts DJ, Justice MJ. A new mouse model of ATR-X syndrome carrying a common patient mutation exhibits neurological and morphological defects. Hum Mol Genet 2023; 32:2485-2501. [PMID: 37171606 PMCID: PMC10360390 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddad075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
ATRX is a chromatin remodelling ATPase that is involved in transcriptional regulation, DNA damage repair and heterochromatin maintenance. It has been widely studied for its role in ALT-positive cancers, but its role in neurological function remains elusive. Hypomorphic mutations in the X-linked ATRX gene cause a rare form of intellectual disability combined with alpha-thalassemia called ATR-X syndrome in hemizygous males. Clinical features also include facial dysmorphism, microcephaly, short stature, musculoskeletal defects and genital abnormalities. As complete deletion of ATRX in mice results in early embryonic lethality, the field has largely relied on conditional knockout models to assess the role of ATRX in multiple tissues. Given that null alleles are not found in patients, a more patient-relevant model was needed. Here, we have produced and characterized the first patient mutation knock-in model of ATR-X syndrome, carrying the most common causative mutation, R246C. This is one of a cluster of missense mutations located in the chromatin-binding domain and disrupts its function. The knock-in mice recapitulate several aspects of the patient disorder, including craniofacial defects, microcephaly, reduced body size and impaired neurological function. They provide a powerful model for understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying ATR-X syndrome and testing potential therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebekah Tillotson
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, The Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital/Headley Way, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Keqin Yan
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada
| | - Julie Ruston
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, The Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Taylor DeYoung
- Mouse Imaging Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5T 3H7, Canada
| | - Alex Córdova
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada
| | - Valérie Turcotte-Cardin
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada
- Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Yohan Yee
- Mouse Imaging Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5T 3H7, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Christine Taylor
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, The Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Shagana Visuvanathan
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, The Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Christian Babbs
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital/Headley Way, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Evgueni A Ivakine
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, The Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - John G Sled
- Mouse Imaging Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5T 3H7, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
- Translational Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, The Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Brian J Nieman
- Mouse Imaging Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5T 3H7, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
- Translational Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, The Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON M5G 0A3, Canada
| | - David J Picketts
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada
- Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Monica J Justice
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, The Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
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3
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Hooper KM, Justice MJ, Patton EE. Developmental disorders Journal Meeting: a collaboration between Development and Disease Models & Mechanisms. Dis Model Mech 2021; 14:272141. [PMID: 34515289 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.049268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kirsty M Hooper
- The Company of Biologists, Station Road, Histon, Cambridge CB24 9LF, UK
| | - Monica J Justice
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, and Department of Molecular Genetics, The University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - E Elizabeth Patton
- MRC Human Genetics Unit and Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, MRC Institute of Genetics and Cancer, The University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
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4
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Vashi N, Ackerley C, Post M, Justice MJ. Aberrant lung lipids cause respiratory impairment in a Mecp2-deficient mouse model of Rett syndrome. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 30:2161-2176. [PMID: 34230964 PMCID: PMC8561422 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddab182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe respiratory impairment is a prominent feature of Rett syndrome (RTT), an X-linked disorder caused by mutations in methyl CpG-binding protein 2 (MECP2). Despite MECP2's ubiquitous expression, respiratory anomalies are attributed to neuronal dysfunction. Here, we show that neutral lipids accumulate in mouse Mecp2-mutant lungs, while surfactant phospholipids decrease. Conditional deletion of Mecp2 from lipid-producing alveolar epithelial 2 (AE2) cells causes aberrant lung lipids and respiratory symptoms, while deletion of Mecp2 from hindbrain neurons results in distinct respiratory abnormalities. Single-cell RNA sequencing of AE2 cells suggests lipid production and storage increase at the expense of phospholipid synthesis. Lipid production enzymes are confirmed as direct targets of MECP2-directed nuclear receptor corepressor 1/2 (NCOR1/2) transcriptional repression. Remarkably, lipid-lowering fluvastatin improves respiratory anomalies in Mecp2-mutant mice. These data implicate autonomous pulmonary loss of MECP2 in respiratory symptoms for the first time and have immediate impacts on patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeti Vashi
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A1, Canada.,Genetics and Genome Biology Program, Hospital for Sick Children, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Cameron Ackerley
- Translational Medicine Program, Hospital for Sick Children, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Martin Post
- Translational Medicine Program, Hospital for Sick Children, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Monica J Justice
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A1, Canada.,Genetics and Genome Biology Program, Hospital for Sick Children, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada
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5
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Abstract
The ability to analyze the proteome of single cells is critical for the advancement of studies of steady-state and pathological processes. Mass cytometry, or CyTOF, combines principles of mass spectrometry and flow cytometry to enable single-cell analysis of protein expression. CyTOF can simultaneously assess DNA content and proteins and has the capacity to measure 40 to 100 parameters in each cell. Applying this technology to tissues or cells on slides, termed imaging mass cytometry (IMC), allows for visualization of normal and diseased tissues in situ. The high-dimensional proteomic analysis that can be undertaken with CyTOF and IMC has the potential to enhance our understanding of complex and heterogeneous developmental and disease pathways. This article will describe the CyTOF experimental workflow, including reagent selection, sample preparation, and data analysis. CyTOF is compared to flow cytometry, focusing on the strengths and weaknesses of these powerful techniques. Importantly, we review key studies in mouse models of human disease that highlight the strength of CyTOF and IMC to drive discovery research and therapeutic advancement. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren J Tracey
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Genetics and Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yeji An
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Program in Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Monica J Justice
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Genetics and Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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6
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Birling MC, Yoshiki A, Adams DJ, Ayabe S, Beaudet AL, Bottomley J, Bradley A, Brown SDM, Bürger A, Bushell W, Chiani F, Chin HJG, Christou S, Codner GF, DeMayo FJ, Dickinson ME, Doe B, Donahue LR, Fray MD, Gambadoro A, Gao X, Gertsenstein M, Gomez-Segura A, Goodwin LO, Heaney JD, Hérault Y, de Angelis MH, Jiang ST, Justice MJ, Kasparek P, King RE, Kühn R, Lee H, Lee YJ, Liu Z, Lloyd KCK, Lorenzo I, Mallon AM, McKerlie C, Meehan TF, Fuentes VM, Newman S, Nutter LMJ, Oh GT, Pavlovic G, Ramirez-Solis R, Rosen B, Ryder EJ, Santos LA, Schick J, Seavitt JR, Sedlacek R, Seisenberger C, Seong JK, Skarnes WC, Sorg T, Steel KP, Tamura M, Tocchini-Valentini GP, Wang CKL, Wardle-Jones H, Wattenhofer-Donzé M, Wells S, Wiles MV, Willis BJ, Wood JA, Wurst W, Xu Y, Teboul L, Murray SA. A resource of targeted mutant mouse lines for 5,061 genes. Nat Genet 2021; 53:416-419. [PMID: 33833456 PMCID: PMC8397259 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-021-00825-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Shinya Ayabe
- RIKEN BioResource Research Center, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Arthur L Beaudet
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Luna Genetics, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Allan Bradley
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease (CITIID), Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Antje Bürger
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Wendy Bushell
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
- IONTAS, Cambridge, UK
| | - Francesco Chiani
- Monterotondo Mouse Clinic, Italian National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Monterotondo Scalo, Italy
| | - Hsian-Jean Genie Chin
- National Laboratory Animal Center, National Applied Research Laboratories (NARLabs), Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | | | - Francesco J DeMayo
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- National Institute for Environmental Health Science Research, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Alessia Gambadoro
- Monterotondo Mouse Clinic, Italian National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Monterotondo Scalo, Italy
| | - Xiang Gao
- SKL of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Model Animal Research Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Nanjing Biomedical Research Institute, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | | | - Alba Gomez-Segura
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Hinxton, UK
| | | | | | - Yann Hérault
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, INSERM, PHENOMIN-ICS, IGBMC, Illkirch, France
| | - Martin Hrabe de Angelis
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Experimental Genetics, Center of Life and Food Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Si-Tse Jiang
- National Laboratory Animal Center, National Applied Research Laboratories (NARLabs), Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Monica J Justice
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Centre for Phenogenomics, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Petr Kasparek
- Czech Centre for Phenogenomics, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | | | - Ralf Kühn
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ho Lee
- Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center (KMPC) and Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Jae Lee
- Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center (KMPC) and Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Zhiwei Liu
- CAM-SU Genomic Resource Center, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - K C Kent Lloyd
- Mouse Biology Program, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Colin McKerlie
- Centre for Phenogenomics, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Terrence F Meehan
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Hinxton, UK
- Kymab Group, Cambridge, UK
| | - Violeta Munoz Fuentes
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Hinxton, UK
| | - Stuart Newman
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
- PetMedix, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lauryl M J Nutter
- Centre for Phenogenomics, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Goo Taeg Oh
- Immune and Vascular Cell Network Research Center, National Creative Initiatives and Department of Life Sciences, Ewha Womans Univesity, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Guillaume Pavlovic
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, INSERM, PHENOMIN-ICS, IGBMC, Illkirch, France
| | | | - Barry Rosen
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
- AstraZeneca, Discovery Sciences, Cambridge, UK
| | - Edward J Ryder
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
- LGC, Sport and Specialised Analytical Services, Fordham, UK
| | - Luis A Santos
- MRC Harwell Institute, Mammalian Genetics Unit, Didcot, UK
| | - Joel Schick
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Genetics and Cellular Engineering Group, Institute of Molecular Toxicology and Pharmacology, Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | | | - Radislav Sedlacek
- Czech Centre for Phenogenomics, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Claudia Seisenberger
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Je Kyung Seong
- Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center (KMPC) and BK21 Program for Veterinary Science, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - William C Skarnes
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Tania Sorg
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, INSERM, PHENOMIN-ICS, IGBMC, Illkirch, France
| | - Karen P Steel
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
- Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | - Glauco P Tocchini-Valentini
- Monterotondo Mouse Clinic, Italian National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Monterotondo Scalo, Italy
| | - Chi-Kuang Leo Wang
- National Laboratory Animal Center, National Applied Research Laboratories (NARLabs), Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | | | - Sara Wells
- MRC Harwell Institute, Mary Lyon Centre, Didcot, UK
| | | | - Brandon J Willis
- Mouse Biology Program, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Joshua A Wood
- Mouse Biology Program, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Wolfgang Wurst
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Developmental Genetics, Center of Life and Food Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Munich, Germany
| | - Ying Xu
- CAM-SU Genomic Resource Center, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Lydia Teboul
- MRC Harwell Institute, Mary Lyon Centre, Didcot, UK.
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Justice MJ. From its roots come branches and growth for Disease Models & Mechanisms. Dis Model Mech 2021; 14:14/1/dmm048915. [PMID: 33735100 PMCID: PMC7859700 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.048915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Monica J Justice
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, and Department of Molecular Genetics, The University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4, Canada
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8
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Beck TF, Veenma D, Shchelochkov OA, Yu Z, Kim BJ, Zaveri HP, van Bever Y, Choi S, Douben H, Bertin TK, Patel PI, Lee B, Tibboel D, de Klein A, Stockton DW, Justice MJ, Scott DA. Deficiency of FRAS1-related extracellular matrix 1 (FREM1) causes congenital diaphragmatic hernia in humans and mice. Hum Mol Genet 2020; 29:1054. [PMID: 32016392 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddz307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Danielle Veenma
- Department of Pediatric Surgery.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015 GJ, The Netherlands
| | | | - Zhiyin Yu
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics
| | | | | | - Yolande van Bever
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015 GJ, The Netherlands
| | - Sunju Choi
- Institute for Genetic Medicine and Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Hannie Douben
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015 GJ, The Netherlands
| | | | - Pragna I Patel
- Institute for Genetic Medicine and Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Brendan Lee
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | | - Annelies de Klein
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015 GJ, The Netherlands
| | - David W Stockton
- Department of Pediatrics.,Department of Internal Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | | | - Daryl A Scott
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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9
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Enikanolaiye A, Ruston J, Zeng R, Taylor C, Schrock M, Buchovecky CM, Shendure J, Acar E, Justice MJ. Suppressor mutations in Mecp2-null mice implicate the DNA damage response in Rett syndrome pathology. Genome Res 2020; 30:540-552. [PMID: 32317254 PMCID: PMC7197480 DOI: 10.1101/gr.258400.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in X-linked methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 (MECP2) cause Rett syndrome (RTT). To identify functional pathways that could inform therapeutic entry points, we carried out a genetic screen for secondary mutations that improved phenotypes in Mecp2/Y mice after mutagenesis with N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU). Here, we report the isolation of 106 founder animals that show suppression of Mecp2-null traits from screening 3177 Mecp2/Y genomes. Whole-exome sequencing, genetic crosses, and association analysis identified 22 candidate genes. Additional lesions in these candidate genes or pathway components associate variant alleles with phenotypic improvement in 30 lines. A network analysis shows that 63% of the genes cluster into the functional categories of transcriptional repression, chromatin modification, or DNA repair, delineating a pathway relationship with MECP2. Many mutations lie in genes that modulate synaptic signaling or lipid homeostasis. Mutations in genes that function in the DNA damage response (DDR) also improve phenotypes in Mecp2/Y mice. Association analysis was successful in resolving combinatorial effects of multiple loci. One line, which carries a suppressor mutation in a gene required for cholesterol synthesis, Sqle, carries a second mutation in retinoblastoma binding protein 8, endonuclease (Rbbp8, also known as CtIP), which regulates a DDR choice in double-stranded break (DSB) repair. Cells from Mecp2/Y mice have increased DSBs, so this finding suggests that the balance between homology-directed repair and nonhomologous end joining is important for neuronal cells. In this and other lines, two suppressor mutations confer greater improvement than one alone, suggesting that combination therapies could be effective in RTT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adebola Enikanolaiye
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Julie Ruston
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Rong Zeng
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Christine Taylor
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Marijke Schrock
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Christie M Buchovecky
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Jay Shendure
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
- Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
- Allen Discovery Center for Cell Lineage Tracing, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Elif Acar
- The Centre for Phenogenomics, Toronto, Ontario, M5T 3H7, Canada
- Department of Statistics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Monica J Justice
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 0A4, Canada
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
- The Centre for Phenogenomics, Toronto, Ontario, M5T 3H7, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada
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10
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Albrecht NE, Alevy J, Jiang D, Burger CA, Liu BI, Li F, Wang J, Kim SY, Hsu CW, Kalaga S, Udensi U, Asomugha C, Bohat R, Gaspero A, Justice MJ, Westenskow PD, Yamamoto S, Seavitt JR, Beaudet AL, Dickinson ME, Samuel MA. Rapid and Integrative Discovery of Retina Regulatory Molecules. Cell Rep 2020; 24:2506-2519. [PMID: 30157441 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.07.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinal function relies on precisely organized neurons and synapses and a properly patterned vasculature to support them. Alterations in these features can result in vision loss. However, our understanding of retinal organization pathways remains incomplete because of a lack of methods to rapidly identify neuron and vasculature regulators in mammals. Here we developed a pipeline for the identification of neural and synaptic integrity genes by high-throughput retinal screening (INSiGHT) that analyzes candidate expression, vascular patterning, cellular organization, and synaptic arrangement. Using this system, we examined 102 mutant mouse lines and identified 16 unique retinal regulatory genes. Fifteen of these candidates are identified as novel retina regulators, and many (9 of 16) are associated with human neural diseases. These results expand the genetic landscape involved in retinal circuit organization and provide a road map for continued discovery of mammalian retinal regulators and disease-causing alleles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas E Albrecht
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Huffington Center on Aging, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jonathan Alevy
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Huffington Center on Aging, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Danye Jiang
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Huffington Center on Aging, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Courtney A Burger
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Huffington Center on Aging, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Brian I Liu
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Huffington Center on Aging, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Fenge Li
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Huffington Center on Aging, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Julia Wang
- Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Seon-Young Kim
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Chih-Wei Hsu
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sowmya Kalaga
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Uchechukwu Udensi
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Chinwe Asomugha
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ritu Bohat
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Angelina Gaspero
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Monica J Justice
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Peter D Westenskow
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Shinya Yamamoto
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - John R Seavitt
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Arthur L Beaudet
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Mary E Dickinson
- Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Melanie A Samuel
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Huffington Center on Aging, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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11
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Abstract
Translating basic research to the clinic is a primary aim of Disease Models & Mechanisms, and the recent successes in hematopoiesis research provide a blueprint of how fundamental biological research can provide solutions to important clinical problems. These advances were the main motivation for choosing hematopoiesis disorders as the focus of our inaugural meeting, 'Blood Disorders: Models, Mechanisms and Therapies', which was held in early October 2019. This Editorial discusses the reasons for and the challenges of interdisciplinary research in hematopoiesis, provides examples of how research in model systems is a key translational step towards effective treatments for blood disorders and summarizes what the community believes are the key exciting developments and challenges in this field.
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12
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Qiu B, Ruston J, Granzier H, Justice MJ, Dowling JJ. Failure to identify modifiers of NEBULIN-related nemaline myopathy in two pre-clinical models of the disease. Biol Open 2019; 8:bio.044867. [PMID: 31530540 PMCID: PMC6777365 DOI: 10.1242/bio.044867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Nemaline myopathy is a rare neuromuscular disorder that affects 1 in 50,000 live births, with prevalence as high as 1 in 20,000 in certain populations. 13 genes have been linked to nemaline myopathy (NM), all of which are associated with the thin filament of the muscle sarcomere. Of the 13 associated genes, mutations in NEBULIN (NEB) accounts for up to 50% of all cases. Currently, the disease is incompletely understood and there are no available therapeutics for patients. To address this urgent need for effective treatments for patients affected by NM, we conducted a large scale chemical screen in a zebrafish model of NEB-related NM and an N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU)-based genetic screen in a mouse model of NEB exon 55 deletion, the most common NEB mutation in NM patients. Neither screen was able to identify a candidate for therapy development, highlighting the need to transition from conventional chemical therapeutics to gene-based therapies for the treatment of NM. Summary: NEBULIN-related nemaline myopathy currently has no treatment. We attempted to uncover new avenues for therapy by performing modifier screens, which unfortunately failed to identify modifiers that improved disease relevant phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyang Qiu
- Program for Genetics and Genome Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Julie Ruston
- Program for Genetics and Genome Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Henk Granzier
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, Tuscon, Arizona 85724, USA
| | - Monica J Justice
- Program for Genetics and Genome Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - James J Dowling
- Program for Genetics and Genome Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4, Canada .,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
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13
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Abstract
Despite advances in chemotherapies that improve cancer survival, most patients who relapse succumb to the disease due to the presence of cancer stem cells (CSCs), which are highly chemoresistant. The pluripotency factor PR domain 14 (PRDM14) has a key role in initiating many types of cancer. Normally, PRDM14 uses epigenetic mechanisms to establish and maintain the pluripotency of embryonic cells, and its role in cancer is similar. This important link between cancer and induced pluripotency is a key revelation for how CSCs may form: pluripotency genes, such as PRDM14, can expand stem-like cells as they promote ongoing DNA damage. PRDM14 and its protein-binding partners, the ETO/CBFA2T family, are ideal candidates for eliminating CSCs from relevant cancers, preventing relapse and improving long-term survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren J Tracey
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ONT, M5G 0A4, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ONT, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Monica J Justice
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ONT, M5G 0A4, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ONT, M5S 1A8, Canada.
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14
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Tracey LJ, Brooke-Bisschop T, Jansen PWTC, Campos EI, Vermeulen M, Justice MJ. The Pluripotency Regulator PRDM14 Requires Hematopoietic Regulator CBFA2T3 to Initiate Leukemia in Mice. Mol Cancer Res 2019; 17:1468-1479. [PMID: 31015254 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-18-1327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PR domain-containing 14 (Prdm14) is a pluripotency regulator central to embryonic stem cell identity and primordial germ cell specification. Genomic regions containing PRDM14 are often amplified leading to misexpression in human cancer. Prdm14 expression in mouse hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) leads to progenitor cell expansion prior to the development of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL), consistent with PRDM14's role in cancer initiation. Here, we demonstrate mechanistic insight into PRDM14-driven leukemias in vivo. Mass spectrometry revealed novel PRDM14-protein interactions including histone H1, RNA-binding proteins, and the master hematopoietic regulator CBFA2T3. In mouse leukemic cells, CBFA2T3 and PRDM14 associate independently of the related ETO family member CBFA2T2, PRDM14's primary protein partner in pluripotent cells. CBFA2T3 plays crucial roles in HSC self-renewal and lineage commitment, and participates in oncogenic translocations in acute myeloid leukemia. These results suggest a model whereby PRDM14 recruits CBFA2T3 to DNA, leading to gene misregulation causing progenitor cell expansion and lineage perturbations preceding T-ALL development. Strikingly, Prdm14-induced T-ALL does not occur in mice deficient for Cbfa2t3, demonstrating that Cbfa2t3 is required for leukemogenesis. Moreover, T-ALL develops in Cbfa2t3 heterozygotes with a significantly longer latency, suggesting that PRDM14-associated T-ALL is sensitive to Cbfa2t3 levels. Our study highlights how an oncogenic protein uses a native protein in progenitor cells to initiate leukemia, providing insight into PRDM14-driven oncogenesis in other cell types. IMPLICATIONS: The pluripotency regulator PRDM14 requires the master hematopoietic regulator CBFA2T3 to initiate leukemia in progenitor cells, demonstrating an oncogenic role for CBFA2T3 and providing an avenue for targeting cancer-initiating cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren J Tracey
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Genetics and Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Travis Brooke-Bisschop
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Pascal W T C Jansen
- Faculty of Science, Department of Molecular Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Oncode Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Eric I Campos
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Genetics and Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michiel Vermeulen
- Faculty of Science, Department of Molecular Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Oncode Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Monica J Justice
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. .,Genetics and Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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15
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Moore BA, Leonard BC, Sebbag L, Edwards SG, Cooper A, Imai DM, Straiton E, Santos L, Reilly C, Griffey SM, Bower L, Clary D, Mason J, Roux MJ, Meziane H, Herault Y, McKerlie C, Flenniken AM, Nutter LMJ, Berberovic Z, Owen C, Newbigging S, Adissu H, Eskandarian M, Hsu CW, Kalaga S, Udensi U, Asomugha C, Bohat R, Gallegos JJ, Seavitt JR, Heaney JD, Beaudet AL, Dickinson ME, Justice MJ, Philip V, Kumar V, Svenson KL, Braun RE, Wells S, Cater H, Stewart M, Clementson-Mobbs S, Joynson R, Gao X, Suzuki T, Wakana S, Smedley D, Seong JK, Tocchini-Valentini G, Moore M, Fletcher C, Karp N, Ramirez-Solis R, White JK, de Angelis MH, Wurst W, Thomasy SM, Flicek P, Parkinson H, Brown SDM, Meehan TF, Nishina PM, Murray SA, Krebs MP, Mallon AM, Kent Lloyd KC, Murphy CJ, Moshiri A. Erratum: Author Correction: Identification of genes required for eye development by high-throughput screening of mouse knockouts. Commun Biol 2019; 2:97. [PMID: 30854487 PMCID: PMC6405960 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-019-0349-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bret A Moore
- William R. Pritchard Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, 95616, CA, USA
| | - Brian C Leonard
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Lionel Sebbag
- William R. Pritchard Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, 95616, CA, USA
| | - Sydney G Edwards
- William R. Pritchard Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, 95616, CA, USA
| | - Ann Cooper
- William R. Pritchard Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, 95616, CA, USA
| | - Denise M Imai
- Comparative Pathology Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Ewan Straiton
- Medical Research Council Harwell Institute (Mammalian Genetis Unit and Mary Lyon Center), Harwell, Oxfordshire, OX11 0RD, UK
| | - Luis Santos
- Medical Research Council Harwell Institute (Mammalian Genetis Unit and Mary Lyon Center), Harwell, Oxfordshire, OX11 0RD, UK
| | - Christopher Reilly
- Comparative Pathology Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Stephen M Griffey
- Comparative Pathology Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Lynette Bower
- Mouse Biology Program, and Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, 95618, USA
| | - David Clary
- Mouse Biology Program, and Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, 95618, USA
| | - Jeremy Mason
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1 SD, UK
| | - Michel J Roux
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Université de Strasbourg, 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404, Illkirch, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, Illkirch, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1258, Illkirch, France.,Université de Strasbourg, 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404, Illkirch, France.,CELPHEDIA, PHENOMIN, Institut Clinique de la Souris (ICS), CNRS, INSERM, University of Strasbourg, 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
| | - Hamid Meziane
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Université de Strasbourg, 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404, Illkirch, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, Illkirch, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1258, Illkirch, France.,Université de Strasbourg, 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404, Illkirch, France.,CELPHEDIA, PHENOMIN, Institut Clinique de la Souris (ICS), CNRS, INSERM, University of Strasbourg, 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
| | - Yann Herault
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Université de Strasbourg, 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404, Illkirch, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, Illkirch, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1258, Illkirch, France.,Université de Strasbourg, 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404, Illkirch, France.,CELPHEDIA, PHENOMIN, Institut Clinique de la Souris (ICS), CNRS, INSERM, University of Strasbourg, 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
| | | | - Colin McKerlie
- The Centre for Phenogenomics, Toronto, ON, M5T 3H7, Canada.,The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Ann M Flenniken
- The Centre for Phenogenomics, Toronto, ON, M5T 3H7, Canada.,Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Lauryl M J Nutter
- The Centre for Phenogenomics, Toronto, ON, M5T 3H7, Canada.,The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Zorana Berberovic
- The Centre for Phenogenomics, Toronto, ON, M5T 3H7, Canada.,Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Celeste Owen
- The Centre for Phenogenomics, Toronto, ON, M5T 3H7, Canada.,Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Susan Newbigging
- The Centre for Phenogenomics, Toronto, ON, M5T 3H7, Canada.,Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Hibret Adissu
- The Centre for Phenogenomics, Toronto, ON, M5T 3H7, Canada.,Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Mohammed Eskandarian
- The Centre for Phenogenomics, Toronto, ON, M5T 3H7, Canada.,Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Chih-Wei Hsu
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Sowmya Kalaga
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Uchechukwu Udensi
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Chinwe Asomugha
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Ritu Bohat
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Juan J Gallegos
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - John R Seavitt
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jason D Heaney
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Arthur L Beaudet
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Mary E Dickinson
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Monica J Justice
- The Centre for Phenogenomics, Toronto, ON, M5T 3H7, Canada.,The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8, Canada.,Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Vivek Philip
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, 04609, USA
| | - Vivek Kumar
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, 04609, USA
| | | | | | - Sara Wells
- Medical Research Council Harwell Institute (Mammalian Genetis Unit and Mary Lyon Center), Harwell, Oxfordshire, OX11 0RD, UK
| | - Heather Cater
- Medical Research Council Harwell Institute (Mammalian Genetis Unit and Mary Lyon Center), Harwell, Oxfordshire, OX11 0RD, UK
| | - Michelle Stewart
- Medical Research Council Harwell Institute (Mammalian Genetis Unit and Mary Lyon Center), Harwell, Oxfordshire, OX11 0RD, UK
| | - Sharon Clementson-Mobbs
- Medical Research Council Harwell Institute (Mammalian Genetis Unit and Mary Lyon Center), Harwell, Oxfordshire, OX11 0RD, UK
| | - Russell Joynson
- Medical Research Council Harwell Institute (Mammalian Genetis Unit and Mary Lyon Center), Harwell, Oxfordshire, OX11 0RD, UK
| | - Xiang Gao
- SKL of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Model Animal Research Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Nanjing Biomedical Research Institute, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210061, China
| | | | | | - Damian Smedley
- Clinical Pharmacology, Charterhouse Square, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - J K Seong
- Korea Mouse Phenotyping Consortium (KMPC) and BK21 Program for Veterinary Science, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 599 Gwanangno, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Glauco Tocchini-Valentini
- Monterotondo Mouse Clinic, Italian National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Adriano Buzzati-Traverso Campus, Via Ramarini, I-00015, Monterotondo Scalo, Italy
| | - Mark Moore
- International Mouse Phenotyping Consortium, San Anselmo, CA, 94960, USA
| | | | - Natasha Karp
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Ramiro Ramirez-Solis
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Jacqueline K White
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, 04609, USA.,The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Martin Hrabe de Angelis
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Wurst
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Sara M Thomasy
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, School of Medicine, U.C. Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Paul Flicek
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1 SD, UK
| | - Helen Parkinson
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1 SD, UK
| | - Steve D M Brown
- Medical Research Council Harwell Institute (Mammalian Genetis Unit and Mary Lyon Center), Harwell, Oxfordshire, OX11 0RD, UK
| | - Terrence F Meehan
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1 SD, UK
| | | | | | - Mark P Krebs
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, 04609, USA
| | - Ann-Marie Mallon
- Medical Research Council Harwell Institute (Mammalian Genetis Unit and Mary Lyon Center), Harwell, Oxfordshire, OX11 0RD, UK
| | - K C Kent Lloyd
- Mouse Biology Program, and Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, 95618, USA
| | - Christopher J Murphy
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA. .,Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, School of Medicine, U.C. Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA.
| | - Ala Moshiri
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, School of Medicine, U.C. Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA.
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16
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Justice MJ. DMM Prize 2018 winner: Wenqing Zhou. Dis Model Mech 2019; 12:12/3/dmm039586. [PMID: 30923050 PMCID: PMC6451422 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.039586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Disease Models & Mechanisms (DMM) is delighted to announce that the winner of the DMM Prize 2018 is Wenqing Zhou, for her paper entitled ‘Neutrophil-specific knockout demonstrates a role for mitochondria in regulating neutrophil motility in zebrafish’ (Zhou et al., 2018a). The prize of $1000 is awarded to the first author of the paper that is judged by the journal's editors to be the most outstanding contribution to the journal that year. To be considered for the prize, the first author must be a student or a postdoc of no more than 5 years standing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica J. Justice
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, and Department of Molecular Genetics, The University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
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17
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Abstract
Individual rare diseases may affect only a few people, making them difficult to recognize, diagnose or treat by studying humans alone. Instead, model organisms help to validate genetic associations, understand functional pathways and develop therapeutic interventions for rare diseases. In this Editorial, we point to the key parameters in face, construct, predictive and target validity for accurate disease modelling, with special emphasis on rare disease models. Raising the experimental standards for disease models will enhance successful clinical translation and benefit rare disease research. Summary: This Editorial discusses the importance of model systems with accurate face, construct, target and predictive validity for rare disease research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julija Hmeljak
- Disease Models & Mechanisms, The Company of Biologists, Bidder Building, Station Road, Histon, Cambridge CB24 9LF, UK
| | - Monica J Justice
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, and Department of Molecular Genetics, The University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4 Canada
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18
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Moore BA, Leonard BC, Sebbag L, Edwards SG, Cooper A, Imai DM, Straiton E, Santos L, Reilly C, Griffey SM, Bower L, Clary D, Mason J, Roux MJ, Meziane H, Herault Y, McKerlie C, Flenniken AM, Nutter LMJ, Berberovic Z, Owen C, Newbigging S, Adissu H, Eskandarian M, Hsu CW, Kalaga S, Udensi U, Asomugha C, Bohat R, Gallegos JJ, Seavitt JR, Heaney JD, Beaudet AL, Dickinson ME, Justice MJ, Philip V, Kumar V, Svenson KL, Braun RE, Wells S, Cater H, Stewart M, Clementson-Mobbs S, Joynson R, Gao X, Suzuki T, Wakana S, Smedley D, Seong JK, Tocchini-Valentini G, Moore M, Fletcher C, Karp N, Ramirez-Solis R, White JK, de Angelis MH, Wurst W, Thomasy SM, Flicek P, Parkinson H, Brown SDM, Meehan TF, Nishina PM, Murray SA, Krebs MP, Mallon AM, Lloyd KCK, Murphy CJ, Moshiri A. Identification of genes required for eye development by high-throughput screening of mouse knockouts. Commun Biol 2018; 1:236. [PMID: 30588515 PMCID: PMC6303268 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-018-0226-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in next generation sequencing technologies, determining the genetic basis of ocular disease remains a major challenge due to the limited access and prohibitive cost of human forward genetics. Thus, less than 4,000 genes currently have available phenotype information for any organ system. Here we report the ophthalmic findings from the International Mouse Phenotyping Consortium, a large-scale functional genetic screen with the goal of generating and phenotyping a null mutant for every mouse gene. Of 4364 genes evaluated, 347 were identified to influence ocular phenotypes, 75% of which are entirely novel in ocular pathology. This discovery greatly increases the current number of genes known to contribute to ophthalmic disease, and it is likely that many of the genes will subsequently prove to be important in human ocular development and disease. Bret Moore et al. from the International Mouse Phenotyping Consortium report the identification of 347 mouse genes that influence ocular phenotypes when knocked out. 75% of the identified genes have not previously been associated with any ocular pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bret A Moore
- William R. Pritchard Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, 95616, CA, USA
| | - Brian C Leonard
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Lionel Sebbag
- William R. Pritchard Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, 95616, CA, USA
| | - Sydney G Edwards
- William R. Pritchard Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, 95616, CA, USA
| | - Ann Cooper
- William R. Pritchard Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, 95616, CA, USA
| | - Denise M Imai
- Comparative Pathology Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Ewan Straiton
- Medical Research Council Harwell Institute (Mammalian Genetis Unit and Mary Lyon Center, Harwell, Oxfordshire, OX11 0RD, UK
| | - Luis Santos
- Medical Research Council Harwell Institute (Mammalian Genetis Unit and Mary Lyon Center, Harwell, Oxfordshire, OX11 0RD, UK
| | - Christopher Reilly
- Comparative Pathology Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Stephen M Griffey
- Comparative Pathology Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Lynette Bower
- Mouse Biology Program, and Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, 95618, USA
| | - David Clary
- Mouse Biology Program, and Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, 95618, USA
| | - Jeremy Mason
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1 SD, UK
| | - Michel J Roux
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Université de Strasbourg, 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404, Illkirch, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, Illkirch, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1258, Illkirch, France.,Université de Strasbourg, 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404, Illkirch, France.,CELPHEDIA, PHENOMIN, Institut Clinique de la Souris (ICS), CNRS, INSERM, University of Strasbourg, 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
| | - Hamid Meziane
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Université de Strasbourg, 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404, Illkirch, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, Illkirch, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1258, Illkirch, France.,Université de Strasbourg, 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404, Illkirch, France.,CELPHEDIA, PHENOMIN, Institut Clinique de la Souris (ICS), CNRS, INSERM, University of Strasbourg, 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
| | - Yann Herault
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Université de Strasbourg, 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404, Illkirch, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, Illkirch, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1258, Illkirch, France.,Université de Strasbourg, 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404, Illkirch, France.,CELPHEDIA, PHENOMIN, Institut Clinique de la Souris (ICS), CNRS, INSERM, University of Strasbourg, 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
| | | | - Colin McKerlie
- The Centre for Phenogenomics, Toronto, ON, M5T 3H7, Canada.,The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Ann M Flenniken
- The Centre for Phenogenomics, Toronto, ON, M5T 3H7, Canada.,Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Lauryl M J Nutter
- The Centre for Phenogenomics, Toronto, ON, M5T 3H7, Canada.,The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Zorana Berberovic
- The Centre for Phenogenomics, Toronto, ON, M5T 3H7, Canada.,Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Celeste Owen
- The Centre for Phenogenomics, Toronto, ON, M5T 3H7, Canada.,Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Susan Newbigging
- The Centre for Phenogenomics, Toronto, ON, M5T 3H7, Canada.,Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Hibret Adissu
- The Centre for Phenogenomics, Toronto, ON, M5T 3H7, Canada.,Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Mohammed Eskandarian
- The Centre for Phenogenomics, Toronto, ON, M5T 3H7, Canada.,Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Chih-Wei Hsu
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Sowmya Kalaga
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Uchechukwu Udensi
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Chinwe Asomugha
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Ritu Bohat
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Juan J Gallegos
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - John R Seavitt
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jason D Heaney
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Arthur L Beaudet
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Mary E Dickinson
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Monica J Justice
- The Centre for Phenogenomics, Toronto, ON, M5T 3H7, Canada.,The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8, Canada.,Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Vivek Philip
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, 04609, USA
| | - Vivek Kumar
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, 04609, USA
| | | | | | - Sara Wells
- Medical Research Council Harwell Institute (Mammalian Genetis Unit and Mary Lyon Center, Harwell, Oxfordshire, OX11 0RD, UK
| | - Heather Cater
- Medical Research Council Harwell Institute (Mammalian Genetis Unit and Mary Lyon Center, Harwell, Oxfordshire, OX11 0RD, UK
| | - Michelle Stewart
- Medical Research Council Harwell Institute (Mammalian Genetis Unit and Mary Lyon Center, Harwell, Oxfordshire, OX11 0RD, UK
| | - Sharon Clementson-Mobbs
- Medical Research Council Harwell Institute (Mammalian Genetis Unit and Mary Lyon Center, Harwell, Oxfordshire, OX11 0RD, UK
| | - Russell Joynson
- Medical Research Council Harwell Institute (Mammalian Genetis Unit and Mary Lyon Center, Harwell, Oxfordshire, OX11 0RD, UK
| | - Xiang Gao
- SKL of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Model Animal Research Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Nanjing Biomedical Research Institute, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210061, China
| | | | | | - Damian Smedley
- Clinical Pharmacology, Charterhouse Square, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - J K Seong
- Korea Mouse Phenotyping Consortium (KMPC) and BK21 Program for Veterinary Science, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 599 Gwanangno, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Glauco Tocchini-Valentini
- Monterotondo Mouse Clinic, Italian National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Adriano Buzzati-Traverso Campus, Via Ramarini, I-00015, Monterotondo Scalo, Italy
| | - Mark Moore
- International Mouse Phenotyping Consortium, San Anselmo, CA, 94960, USA
| | | | - Natasha Karp
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Ramiro Ramirez-Solis
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Jacqueline K White
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, 04609, USA.,The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Martin Hrabe de Angelis
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Wurst
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Sara M Thomasy
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, School of Medicine, U.C. Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Paul Flicek
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1 SD, UK
| | - Helen Parkinson
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1 SD, UK
| | - Steve D M Brown
- Medical Research Council Harwell Institute (Mammalian Genetis Unit and Mary Lyon Center, Harwell, Oxfordshire, OX11 0RD, UK
| | - Terrence F Meehan
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1 SD, UK
| | | | | | - Mark P Krebs
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, 04609, USA
| | - Ann-Marie Mallon
- Medical Research Council Harwell Institute (Mammalian Genetis Unit and Mary Lyon Center, Harwell, Oxfordshire, OX11 0RD, UK
| | - K C Kent Lloyd
- Mouse Biology Program, and Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, 95618, USA
| | - Christopher J Murphy
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA. .,Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, School of Medicine, U.C. Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA.
| | - Ala Moshiri
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, School of Medicine, U.C. Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA.
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19
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Abstract
Rett syndrome (RTT) is a neurological disorder caused by mutations in the X-linked gene methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 (MECP2), a ubiquitously expressed transcriptional regulator. Despite remarkable scientific progress since its discovery, the mechanism by which MECP2 mutations cause RTT symptoms is largely unknown. Consequently, treatment options for patients are currently limited and centred on symptom relief. Thought to be an entirely neurological disorder, RTT research has focused on the role of MECP2 in the central nervous system. However, the variety of phenotypes identified in Mecp2 mutant mouse models and RTT patients implicate important roles for MeCP2 in peripheral systems. Here, we review the history of RTT, highlighting breakthroughs in the field that have led us to present day. We explore the current evidence supporting metabolic dysfunction as a component of RTT, presenting recent studies that have revealed perturbed lipid metabolism in the brain and peripheral tissues of mouse models and patients. Such findings may have an impact on the quality of life of RTT patients as both dietary and drug intervention can alter lipid metabolism. Ultimately, we conclude that a thorough knowledge of MeCP2's varied functional targets in the brain and body will be required to treat this complex syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie M Kyle
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, The Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 0A4
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Neeti Vashi
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, The Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 0A4
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A1
| | - Monica J Justice
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, The Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 0A4
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A1
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20
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Dickinson ME, Flenniken AM, Ji X, Teboul L, Wong MD, White JK, Meehan TF, Weninger WJ, Westerberg H, Adissu H, Baker CN, Bower L, Brown JM, Caddle LB, Chiani F, Clary D, Cleak J, Daly MJ, Denegre JM, Doe B, Dolan ME, Edie Helmut Fuchs SM, Gailus-Durner V, Galli A, Gambadoro A, Gallegos J, Guo S, Horner NR, Hsu CW, Johnson SJ, Kalaga S, Keith LC, Lanoue L, Lawson TN, Lek M, Mark M, Marschall S, Mason J, McElwee ML, Nutter SNLMJ, Peterson KA, Ramirez-Solis R, Rowland DJ, Ryder E, Samocha KE, Seavitt JR, Selloum M, Szoke-Kovacs Z, Tamura M, Trainor AG, Tudose I, Wakana S, Warren J, Wendling O, West DB, Wong L, Yoshiki A, Wurst W, MacArthur DG, Tocchini-Valentini GP, Gao X, Flicek P, Bradley A, Skarnes WC, Justice MJ, Parkinson HE, Moore M, Wells S, Braun RE, Svenson KL, de Angelis MH, Herault Y, Mohun T, Mallon AM, Henkelman RM, Brown SDM, Adams DJ, Lloyd KCK, McKerlie C, Beaudet AL, Murray MBSA. Corrigendum: High-throughput discovery of novel developmental phenotypes. Nature 2017; 551:398. [PMID: 29144450 DOI: 10.1038/nature24643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
This corrects the article DOI: 10.1038/nature19356.
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21
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Bowl MR, Simon MM, Ingham NJ, Greenaway S, Santos L, Cater H, Taylor S, Mason J, Kurbatova N, Pearson S, Bower LR, Clary DA, Meziane H, Reilly P, Minowa O, Kelsey L, Tocchini-Valentini GP, Gao X, Bradley A, Skarnes WC, Moore M, Beaudet AL, Justice MJ, Seavitt J, Dickinson ME, Wurst W, de Angelis MH, Herault Y, Wakana S, Nutter LMJ, Flenniken AM, McKerlie C, Murray SA, Svenson KL, Braun RE, West DB, Lloyd KCK, Adams DJ, White J, Karp N, Flicek P, Smedley D, Meehan TF, Parkinson HE, Teboul LM, Wells S, Steel KP, Mallon AM, Brown SDM. A large scale hearing loss screen reveals an extensive unexplored genetic landscape for auditory dysfunction. Nat Commun 2017; 8:886. [PMID: 29026089 PMCID: PMC5638796 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00595-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The developmental and physiological complexity of the auditory system is likely reflected in the underlying set of genes involved in auditory function. In humans, over 150 non-syndromic loci have been identified, and there are more than 400 human genetic syndromes with a hearing loss component. Over 100 non-syndromic hearing loss genes have been identified in mouse and human, but we remain ignorant of the full extent of the genetic landscape involved in auditory dysfunction. As part of the International Mouse Phenotyping Consortium, we undertook a hearing loss screen in a cohort of 3006 mouse knockout strains. In total, we identify 67 candidate hearing loss genes. We detect known hearing loss genes, but the vast majority, 52, of the candidate genes were novel. Our analysis reveals a large and unexplored genetic landscape involved with auditory function.The full extent of the genetic basis for hearing impairment is unknown. Here, as part of the International Mouse Phenotyping Consortium, the authors perform a hearing loss screen in 3006 mouse knockout strains and identify 52 new candidate genes for genetic hearing loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Bowl
- Medical Research Council Harwell Institute (Mammalian Genetics Unit and Mary Lyon Centre), Harwell, Oxfordshire, OX11 0RD, UK
| | - Michelle M Simon
- Medical Research Council Harwell Institute (Mammalian Genetics Unit and Mary Lyon Centre), Harwell, Oxfordshire, OX11 0RD, UK
| | - Neil J Ingham
- King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, UK
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Simon Greenaway
- Medical Research Council Harwell Institute (Mammalian Genetics Unit and Mary Lyon Centre), Harwell, Oxfordshire, OX11 0RD, UK
| | - Luis Santos
- Medical Research Council Harwell Institute (Mammalian Genetics Unit and Mary Lyon Centre), Harwell, Oxfordshire, OX11 0RD, UK
| | - Heather Cater
- Medical Research Council Harwell Institute (Mammalian Genetics Unit and Mary Lyon Centre), Harwell, Oxfordshire, OX11 0RD, UK
| | - Sarah Taylor
- Medical Research Council Harwell Institute (Mammalian Genetics Unit and Mary Lyon Centre), Harwell, Oxfordshire, OX11 0RD, UK
| | - Jeremy Mason
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1 SD, UK
| | - Natalja Kurbatova
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1 SD, UK
| | - Selina Pearson
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Lynette R Bower
- Mouse Biology Program, University of California, Davis, California, 95618, USA
| | - Dave A Clary
- Mouse Biology Program, University of California, Davis, California, 95618, USA
| | - Hamid Meziane
- CELPHEDIA, PHENOMIN, Institut Clinique de la Souris (ICS), 1 rue Laurent Fries, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, F-67404, France
| | - Patrick Reilly
- CELPHEDIA, PHENOMIN, Institut Clinique de la Souris (ICS), 1 rue Laurent Fries, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, F-67404, France
| | - Osamu Minowa
- RIKEN BioResource Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0074, Japan
| | - Lois Kelsey
- The Centre for Phenogenomics, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5T 3H7
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5G 1X8
- Canada and Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5G 1X5
| | - Glauco P Tocchini-Valentini
- Monterotondo Mouse Clinic, Italian National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, I-00015, Monterotondo Scalo, Italy
| | - Xiang Gao
- SKL of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Model Animal Research Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Nanjing Biomedical Research Institute, Nanjing University, 210061, Nanjing, China
| | - Allan Bradley
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - William C Skarnes
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Mark Moore
- IMPC, San Anselmo, California, 94960, USA
| | - Arthur L Beaudet
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
| | - Monica J Justice
- The Centre for Phenogenomics, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5T 3H7
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5G 1X8
- Canada and Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5G 1X5
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
| | - John Seavitt
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
| | - Mary E Dickinson
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
| | - Wolfgang Wurst
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Martin Hrabe de Angelis
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Yann Herault
- CELPHEDIA, PHENOMIN, Institut Clinique de la Souris (ICS), 1 rue Laurent Fries, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, F-67404, France
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Université de Strasbourg, 67404, Illkirch, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, 67404, Illkirch, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, 67404, Illkirch, France
| | | | - Lauryl M J Nutter
- The Centre for Phenogenomics, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5T 3H7
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5G 1X8
- Canada and Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5G 1X5
| | - Ann M Flenniken
- The Centre for Phenogenomics, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5T 3H7
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5G 1X8
- Canada and Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5G 1X5
| | - Colin McKerlie
- The Centre for Phenogenomics, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5T 3H7
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5G 1X8
- Canada and Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5G 1X5
| | | | | | | | - David B West
- Childrens' Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, California, 94609, USA
| | - K C Kent Lloyd
- Mouse Biology Program, University of California, Davis, California, 95618, USA
| | - David J Adams
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Jacqui White
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Natasha Karp
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Paul Flicek
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1 SD, UK
| | | | - Terrence F Meehan
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1 SD, UK
| | - Helen E Parkinson
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1 SD, UK
| | - Lydia M Teboul
- Medical Research Council Harwell Institute (Mammalian Genetics Unit and Mary Lyon Centre), Harwell, Oxfordshire, OX11 0RD, UK
| | - Sara Wells
- Medical Research Council Harwell Institute (Mammalian Genetics Unit and Mary Lyon Centre), Harwell, Oxfordshire, OX11 0RD, UK
| | - Karen P Steel
- King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, UK
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Ann-Marie Mallon
- Medical Research Council Harwell Institute (Mammalian Genetics Unit and Mary Lyon Centre), Harwell, Oxfordshire, OX11 0RD, UK
| | - Steve D M Brown
- Medical Research Council Harwell Institute (Mammalian Genetics Unit and Mary Lyon Centre), Harwell, Oxfordshire, OX11 0RD, UK.
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22
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Nguyen AT, Prado MA, Schmidt PJ, Sendamarai AK, Wilson-Grady JT, Min M, Campagna DR, Tian G, Shi Y, Dederer V, Kawan M, Kuehnle N, Paulo JA, Yao Y, Weiss MJ, Justice MJ, Gygi SP, Fleming MD, Finley D. UBE2O remodels the proteome during terminal erythroid differentiation. Science 2017; 357:eaan0218. [PMID: 28774900 PMCID: PMC5812729 DOI: 10.1126/science.aan0218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
During terminal differentiation, the global protein complement is remodeled, as epitomized by erythrocytes, whose cytosol is ~98% globin. The erythroid proteome undergoes a rapid transition at the reticulocyte stage; however, the mechanisms driving programmed elimination of preexisting cytosolic proteins are unclear. We found that a mutation in the murine Ube2o gene, which encodes a ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme induced during erythropoiesis, results in anemia. Proteomic analysis suggested that UBE2O is a broad-spectrum ubiquitinating enzyme that remodels the erythroid proteome. In particular, ribosome elimination, a hallmark of reticulocyte differentiation, was defective in Ube2o-/- mutants. UBE2O recognized ribosomal proteins and other substrates directly, targeting them to proteasomes for degradation. Thus, in reticulocytes, the induction of ubiquitinating factors may drive the transition from a complex to a simple proteome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony T Nguyen
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Miguel A Prado
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Paul J Schmidt
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Anoop K Sendamarai
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Mingwei Min
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Dean R Campagna
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Geng Tian
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yuan Shi
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Verena Dederer
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mona Kawan
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Nathalie Kuehnle
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Joao A Paulo
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yu Yao
- Department of Hematology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Mitchell J Weiss
- Department of Hematology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Monica J Justice
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, Hospital for Sick Children, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Steven P Gygi
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mark D Fleming
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Daniel Finley
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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23
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Meehan TF, Conte N, West DB, Jacobsen JO, Mason J, Warren J, Chen CK, Tudose I, Relac M, Matthews P, Karp N, Santos L, Fiegel T, Ring N, Westerberg H, Greenaway S, Sneddon D, Morgan H, Codner GF, Stewart ME, Brown J, Horner N, Haendel M, Washington N, Mungall CJ, Reynolds CL, Gallegos J, Gailus-Durner V, Sorg T, Pavlovic G, Bower LR, Moore M, Morse I, Gao X, Tocchini-Valentini GP, Obata Y, Cho SY, Seong JK, Seavitt J, Beaudet AL, Dickinson ME, Herault Y, Wurst W, de Angelis MH, Lloyd KK, Flenniken AM, Nutter LMJ, Newbigging S, McKerlie C, Justice MJ, Murray SA, Svenson KL, Braun RE, White JK, Bradley A, Flicek P, Wells S, Skarnes WC, Adams DJ, Parkinson H, Mallon AM, Brown SD, Smedley D. Disease model discovery from 3,328 gene knockouts by The International Mouse Phenotyping Consortium. Nat Genet 2017; 49:1231-1238. [PMID: 28650483 PMCID: PMC5546242 DOI: 10.1038/ng.3901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Although next-generation sequencing has revolutionized the ability to associate variants with human diseases, diagnostic rates and development of new therapies are still limited by a lack of knowledge of the functions and pathobiological mechanisms of most genes. To address this challenge, the International Mouse Phenotyping Consortium is creating a genome- and phenome-wide catalog of gene function by characterizing new knockout-mouse strains across diverse biological systems through a broad set of standardized phenotyping tests. All mice will be readily available to the biomedical community. Analyzing the first 3,328 genes identified models for 360 diseases, including the first models, to our knowledge, for type C Bernard-Soulier, Bardet-Biedl-5 and Gordon Holmes syndromes. 90% of our phenotype annotations were novel, providing functional evidence for 1,092 genes and candidates in genetically uncharacterized diseases including arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia 3. Finally, we describe our role in variant functional validation with The 100,000 Genomes Project and others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terrence F. Meehan
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Nathalie Conte
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK
| | - David B. West
- Children’s Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, California 94609, USA
| | - Julius O. Jacobsen
- William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - Jeremy Mason
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Jonathan Warren
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Chao-Kung Chen
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Ilinca Tudose
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Mike Relac
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Peter Matthews
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Natasha Karp
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Luis Santos
- Medical Research Council Harwell (Mammalian Genetics Unit and Mary Lyon Centre), Harwell, Oxfordshire OX11 0RD, UK
| | - Tanja Fiegel
- Medical Research Council Harwell (Mammalian Genetics Unit and Mary Lyon Centre), Harwell, Oxfordshire OX11 0RD, UK
| | - Natalie Ring
- Medical Research Council Harwell (Mammalian Genetics Unit and Mary Lyon Centre), Harwell, Oxfordshire OX11 0RD, UK
| | - Henrik Westerberg
- Medical Research Council Harwell (Mammalian Genetics Unit and Mary Lyon Centre), Harwell, Oxfordshire OX11 0RD, UK
| | - Simon Greenaway
- Medical Research Council Harwell (Mammalian Genetics Unit and Mary Lyon Centre), Harwell, Oxfordshire OX11 0RD, UK
| | - Duncan Sneddon
- Medical Research Council Harwell (Mammalian Genetics Unit and Mary Lyon Centre), Harwell, Oxfordshire OX11 0RD, UK
| | - Hugh Morgan
- Medical Research Council Harwell (Mammalian Genetics Unit and Mary Lyon Centre), Harwell, Oxfordshire OX11 0RD, UK
| | - Gemma F Codner
- Medical Research Council Harwell (Mammalian Genetics Unit and Mary Lyon Centre), Harwell, Oxfordshire OX11 0RD, UK
| | - Michelle E Stewart
- Medical Research Council Harwell (Mammalian Genetics Unit and Mary Lyon Centre), Harwell, Oxfordshire OX11 0RD, UK
| | - James Brown
- Medical Research Council Harwell (Mammalian Genetics Unit and Mary Lyon Centre), Harwell, Oxfordshire OX11 0RD, UK
| | - Neil Horner
- Medical Research Council Harwell (Mammalian Genetics Unit and Mary Lyon Centre), Harwell, Oxfordshire OX11 0RD, UK
| | | | - Melissa Haendel
- Department of Medical Informatics and Clinical Epidemiology and OHSU Library, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Nicole Washington
- Division of Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Christopher J. Mungall
- Division of Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Corey L Reynolds
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Juan Gallegos
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Valerie Gailus-Durner
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
| | - Tania Sorg
- CELPHEDIA, PHENOMIN, Institut Clinique de la Souris (ICS), 1 rue Laurent Fries, F-67404 Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, Illkirch, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, Illkirch, France
| | - Guillaume Pavlovic
- CELPHEDIA, PHENOMIN, Institut Clinique de la Souris (ICS), 1 rue Laurent Fries, F-67404 Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, Illkirch, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, Illkirch, France
| | - Lynette R Bower
- Mouse Biology Program, University of California, Davis, California 95618, USA
| | - Mark Moore
- IMPC, San Anselmo, California 94960, USA
| | - Iva Morse
- Charles River Laboratories, Wilmington, Massachusetts 01887, USA
| | - Xiang Gao
- SKL of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Model Animal Research Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Nanjing Biomedical Research Institute, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210061, China
| | - Glauco P Tocchini-Valentini
- Monterotondo Mouse Clinic, Italian National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Monterotondo Scalo I-00015, Italy
| | - Yuichi Obata
- RIKEN BioResource Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0074, Japan
| | - Soo Young Cho
- Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center, 08826, Republic of Korea
- National Cancer Center, Goyang, Gyeonggi, 10408, Republic of Korea
| | - Je Kyung Seong
- Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Republic of Korea
| | - John Seavitt
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Arthur L. Beaudet
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Mary E. Dickinson
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Yann Herault
- CELPHEDIA, PHENOMIN, Institut Clinique de la Souris (ICS), 1 rue Laurent Fries, F-67404 Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, Illkirch, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, Illkirch, France
| | - Wolfgang Wurst
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
| | - Martin Hrabe de Angelis
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
| | - K.C. Kent Lloyd
- Mouse Biology Program, University of California, Davis, California 95618, USA
| | - Ann M Flenniken
- The Centre for Phenogenomics, Toronto, Ontario M5T 3H7, Canada
| | | | | | - Colin McKerlie
- The Centre for Phenogenomics, Toronto, Ontario M5T 3H7, Canada
| | - Monica J. Justice
- Mouse Imaging Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5T 3H7, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Jacqueline K. White
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Allan Bradley
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Paul Flicek
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Sara Wells
- Medical Research Council Harwell (Mammalian Genetics Unit and Mary Lyon Centre), Harwell, Oxfordshire OX11 0RD, UK
| | - William C. Skarnes
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - David J. Adams
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Helen Parkinson
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Ann-Marie Mallon
- Medical Research Council Harwell (Mammalian Genetics Unit and Mary Lyon Centre), Harwell, Oxfordshire OX11 0RD, UK
| | - Steve D.M. Brown
- Medical Research Council Harwell (Mammalian Genetics Unit and Mary Lyon Centre), Harwell, Oxfordshire OX11 0RD, UK
| | - Damian Smedley
- William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS, UK
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24
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Karp NA, Mason J, Beaudet AL, Benjamini Y, Bower L, Braun RE, Brown SDM, Chesler EJ, Dickinson ME, Flenniken AM, Fuchs H, Angelis MHD, Gao X, Guo S, Greenaway S, Heller R, Herault Y, Justice MJ, Kurbatova N, Lelliott CJ, Lloyd KCK, Mallon AM, Mank JE, Masuya H, McKerlie C, Meehan TF, Mott RF, Murray SA, Parkinson H, Ramirez-Solis R, Santos L, Seavitt JR, Smedley D, Sorg T, Speak AO, Steel KP, Svenson KL, Wakana S, West D, Wells S, Westerberg H, Yaacoby S, White JK. Prevalence of sexual dimorphism in mammalian phenotypic traits. Nat Commun 2017. [PMID: 28650954 PMCID: PMC5490203 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of sex in biomedical studies has often been overlooked, despite evidence of sexually dimorphic effects in some biological studies. Here, we used high-throughput phenotype data from 14,250 wildtype and 40,192 mutant mice (representing 2,186 knockout lines), analysed for up to 234 traits, and found a large proportion of mammalian traits both in wildtype and mutants are influenced by sex. This result has implications for interpreting disease phenotypes in animal models and humans. Systemic dissection of sexually dimorphic phenotypes in mice is lacking. Here, Karp and the International Mouse Phenotype Consortium show that approximately 10% of qualitative traits and 56% of quantitative traits in mice as measured in laboratory setting are sexually dimorphic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha A Karp
- Mouse Informatics Group, The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.,Quantitative Biology, AstraZeneca, Unit 310, Cambridge Science Park, Cambridge CB4 0WG, UK
| | - Jeremy Mason
- European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Arthur L Beaudet
- Human and Molecular Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Yoav Benjamini
- Department of Statistics and O.R. School of Mathematical Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Lynette Bower
- Mouse Biology Program, University of California, 2795 Second Street, Suite 400, Davis, California 95618, USA
| | - Robert E Braun
- The Jackson Laboratory, 600 Main Street, Bar Harbor, Maine 04609, USA
| | | | - Elissa J Chesler
- The Jackson Laboratory, 600 Main Street, Bar Harbor, Maine 04609, USA
| | - Mary E Dickinson
- Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Ann M Flenniken
- The Centre for Phenogenomics, 25 Orde Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5T 3H7
| | - Helmut Fuchs
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
| | - Martin Hrabe de Angelis
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, Neuherberg 85764, Germany.,School of Life Science Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Alte Akademie 8, Freising 85354, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingostädter Landstr. 1, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
| | - Xiang Gao
- Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, 12 Xuefu Road, Pukou, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210061, China
| | - Shiying Guo
- Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, 12 Xuefu Road, Pukou, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210061, China
| | | | - Ruth Heller
- Department of Statistics and O.R. School of Mathematical Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Yann Herault
- CELPHEDIA, PHENOMIN, Institut Clinique de la Souris, 1 Rue Laurent Fries, Illkirch 67404, France.,Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 1 Rue Laurent Fries, Illkirch 67404, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, 1 rue Laurent Fries, Illkirch 67404, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, 1 rue Laurent Fries, Illkirch 67404, France.,Université de Strasbourg, 1 rue Laurent Fries, Illkirch 67404, France
| | - Monica J Justice
- The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1X8
| | - Natalja Kurbatova
- Department of Statistics and O.R. School of Mathematical Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Christopher J Lelliott
- Mouse Genetics Project, The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - K C Kent Lloyd
- Mouse Biology Program, University of California, 2795 Second Street, Suite 400, Davis, California 95618, USA
| | | | - Judith E Mank
- Department of Genetics, Evolution &Environment, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Hiroshi Masuya
- BioResource Center, RIKEN, 3-1-1 Koyadai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0074, Japan
| | - Colin McKerlie
- The Centre for Phenogenomics, 25 Orde Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5T 3H7.,The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 0A4
| | - Terrence F Meehan
- European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Richard F Mott
- Genetics Institute, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Stephen A Murray
- The Jackson Laboratory, 600 Main Street, Bar Harbor, Maine 04609, USA
| | - Helen Parkinson
- European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Ramiro Ramirez-Solis
- Mouse Genetics Project, The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Luis Santos
- MRC Harwell Institute, Harwell Campus, Harwell OX11 0RD, UK
| | - John R Seavitt
- Human and Molecular Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Damian Smedley
- Clinical Pharmacology, Queen Mary University of London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Tania Sorg
- CELPHEDIA, PHENOMIN, Institut Clinique de la Souris, 1 Rue Laurent Fries, Illkirch 67404, France.,Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 1 Rue Laurent Fries, Illkirch 67404, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, 1 rue Laurent Fries, Illkirch 67404, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, 1 rue Laurent Fries, Illkirch 67404, France.,Université de Strasbourg, 1 rue Laurent Fries, Illkirch 67404, France
| | - Anneliese O Speak
- Mouse Genetics Project, The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Karen P Steel
- Mouse Genetics Project, The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.,Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King's College London, Wolfson Wing, Hodgkin Building, Guys Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Karen L Svenson
- The Jackson Laboratory, 600 Main Street, Bar Harbor, Maine 04609, USA
| | | | - Shigeharu Wakana
- BioResource Center, RIKEN, 3-1-1 Koyadai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0074, Japan
| | - David West
- Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, 5700 Martin Luther King Jr Way, Oakland, California 94609, USA
| | - Sara Wells
- MRC Harwell Institute, Harwell Campus, Harwell OX11 0RD, UK
| | | | - Shay Yaacoby
- Department of Statistics and O.R. School of Mathematical Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Jacqueline K White
- The Jackson Laboratory, 600 Main Street, Bar Harbor, Maine 04609, USA.,Mouse Genetics Project, The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
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25
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Dharmadhikari AV, Sun JJ, Gogolewski K, Carofino BL, Ustiyan V, Hill M, Majewski T, Szafranski P, Justice MJ, Ray RS, Dickinson ME, Kalinichenko VV, Gambin A, Stankiewicz P. Lethal lung hypoplasia and vascular defects in mice with conditional Foxf1 overexpression. Biol Open 2016; 5:1595-1606. [PMID: 27638768 PMCID: PMC5155529 DOI: 10.1242/bio.019208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
FOXF1 heterozygous point mutations and genomic deletions have been reported in newborns with the neonatally lethal lung developmental disorder, alveolar capillary dysplasia with misalignment of pulmonary veins (ACDMPV). However, no gain-of-function mutations in FOXF1 have been identified yet in any human disease conditions. To study the effects of FOXF1 overexpression in lung development, we generated a Foxf1 overexpression mouse model by knocking-in a Cre-inducible Foxf1 allele into the ROSA26 (R26) locus. The mice were phenotyped using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT), head-out plethysmography, ChIP-seq and transcriptome analyses, immunohistochemistry, and lung histopathology. Thirty-five percent of heterozygous R26-Lox-Stop-Lox (LSL)-Foxf1 embryonic day (E)15.5 embryos exhibit subcutaneous edema, hemorrhages and die perinatally when bred to Tie2-cre mice, which targets Foxf1 overexpression to endothelial and hematopoietic cells. Histopathological and micro-CT evaluations revealed that R26Foxf1; Tie2-cre embryos have immature lungs with a diminished vascular network. Neonates exhibited respiratory deficits verified by detailed plethysmography studies. ChIP-seq and transcriptome analyses in E18.5 lungs identified Sox11, Ghr, Ednrb, and Slit2 as potential downstream targets of FOXF1. Our study shows that overexpression of the highly dosage-sensitive Foxf1 impairs lung development and causes vascular abnormalities. This has important clinical implications when considering potential gene therapy approaches to treat disorders of FOXF1 abnormal dosage, such as ACDMPV. Summary: Similar to Foxf1 loss, Foxf1 overexpression in mice is lethal. This finding highlights the need to consider alternatives beyond gene therapy to find a cure for alveolar capillary dysplasia with misalignment of pulmonary veins (ACDMPV).
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Affiliation(s)
- Avinash V Dharmadhikari
- Department of Molecular & Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Program in Translational Biology & Molecular Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jenny J Sun
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | | - Brandi L Carofino
- Department of Molecular & Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Program in Translational Biology & Molecular Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Vladimir Ustiyan
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Misty Hill
- Department of Molecular & Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Tadeusz Majewski
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Przemyslaw Szafranski
- Department of Molecular & Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Monica J Justice
- Department of Molecular & Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Program in Translational Biology & Molecular Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Genetics & Genome Biology Program, SickKids, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Russell S Ray
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Mary E Dickinson
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Vladimir V Kalinichenko
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Anna Gambin
- Institute of Informatics, University of Warsaw, Warsaw 02-097, Poland
| | - Paweł Stankiewicz
- Department of Molecular & Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA .,Program in Translational Biology & Molecular Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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26
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Abstract
Experiments that use the mouse as a model for disease have recently come under scrutiny because of the repeated failure of data, particularly derived from preclinical studies, to be replicated or translated to humans. The usefulness of mouse models has been questioned because of irreproducibility and poor recapitulation of human conditions. Newer studies, however, point to bias in reporting results and improper data analysis as key factors that limit reproducibility and validity of preclinical mouse research. Inaccurate and incomplete descriptions of experimental conditions also contribute. Here, we provide guidance on best practice in mouse experimentation, focusing on appropriate selection and validation of the model, sources of variation and their influence on phenotypic outcomes, minimum requirements for control sets, and the importance of rigorous statistics. Our goal is to raise the standards in mouse disease modeling to enhance reproducibility, reliability and clinical translation of findings. Summary: Raising standards for carrying out and reporting mouse model studies will improve reproducibility and relevance to human disease research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica J Justice
- Hospital for Sick Children, The Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, SickKids Research Institute, 686 Bay St, 14.9716, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 0A4
| | - Paraminder Dhillon
- Disease Models & Mechanisms, The Company of Biologists, Bidder Building, Station Road, Histon, Cambridge CB24 9LF, UK
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27
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Kyle SM, Saha PK, Brown HM, Chan LC, Justice MJ. MeCP2 co-ordinates liver lipid metabolism with the NCoR1/HDAC3 corepressor complex. Hum Mol Genet 2016; 25:3029-3041. [PMID: 27288453 PMCID: PMC5181597 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddw156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Revised: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Rett syndrome (RTT; OMIM 312750), a progressive neurological disorder, is caused by mutations in methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 (MECP2; OMIM 300005), a ubiquitously expressed factor. A genetic suppressor screen designed to identify therapeutic targets surprisingly revealed that downregulation of the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway improves neurological phenotypes in Mecp2 mutant mice. Here, we show that MeCP2 plays a direct role in regulating lipid metabolism. Mecp2 deletion in mice results in a host of severe metabolic defects caused by lipid accumulation, including insulin resistance, fatty liver, perturbed energy utilization, and adipose inflammation by macrophage infiltration. We show that MeCP2 regulates lipid homeostasis by anchoring the repressor complex containing NCoR1 and HDAC3 to its lipogenesis targets in hepatocytes. Consistently, we find that liver targeted deletion of Mecp2 causes fatty liver disease and dyslipidemia similar to HDAC3 liver-specific deletion. These findings position MeCP2 as a novel component in metabolic homeostasis. Rett syndrome patients also show signs of peripheral dyslipidemia; thus, together these data suggest that RTT should be classified as a neurological disorder with systemic metabolic components. We previously showed that treatment of Mecp2 mice with statin drugs alleviated motor symptoms and improved health and longevity. Lipid metabolism is a highly treatable target; therefore, our results shed light on new metabolic pathways for treatment of Rett syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie M Kyle
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, The Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada.,Department of Molecular and Human Genetics
| | - Pradip K Saha
- Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | | - Lawrence C Chan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Monica J Justice
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, The Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada .,Department of Molecular and Human Genetics.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
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28
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Abstract
PRDM14 is an epigenetic regulator known for maintaining embryonic stem cell identity and resetting potency in primordial germ cells. However, hematopoietic expression of Prdm14 at supraphysiological levels results in fully penetrant and rapid-onset T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) in the mouse. Here, we show that PRDM14-induced T-ALLs are driven by NOTCH1, a frequently mutated driver of human T-ALL. Notch1 is activated in this murine model via RAG-dependent promoter deletions and subsequent production of truncated, ligand-independent protein from downstream regions of the Notch1 locus. These T-ALLs also have focal changes in H3K4me3 deposition at the Notch1 locus and global increases in both H3K4me1 and H3K4me3. Using a PRDM14-FLAG mouse model, we show that PRDM14 binds within an intron of Notch1 prior to leukemia development. Our data support the idea that PRDM14 binding promotes a chromatin state that allows access of the RAG recombinase complex to cryptic RAG signal sequences embedded at the Notch1 locus. Indeed, breeding into a RAG recombination-deficient background abrogates T-ALL development and prevents Notch1 deletions, while allowing for transient hematopoietic stem cell (HSC)-like pre-leukemia cell expansion. Together, our data suggest that PRDM14 expands a progenitor cell population while promoting a permissive epigenetic state for the creation of driver mutations (here, in Notch1), enabling cancer development through the misappropriation of endogenous cellular DNA recombination machinery. Summary: PRDM14 promotes an epigenetic state that facilitates RAG-dependent Notch1 driver mutations, coupling progenitor cell expansion with genomic instability to produce T-ALL with shorter latency than other NOTCH1-driven mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandi L Carofino
- Interdepartmental Program in Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030 USA Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030 USA
| | - Bernard Ayanga
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030 USA
| | - Lauren J Tracey
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8 Canada Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, The Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 0A4 Canada
| | - Travis Brooke-Bisschop
- Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, The Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 0A4 Canada
| | - Monica J Justice
- Interdepartmental Program in Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030 USA Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030 USA Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8 Canada Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, The Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 0A4 Canada
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29
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Abstract
Cre-inducible mouse models are often utilized for the spatial and temporal expression of oncogenes. With the wide number of Cre recombinase lines available, inducible transgenesis represents a tractable approach to achieve discrete oncogene expression. Here, we describe a protocol for targeting Cre-inducible genes to the ubiquitously expressed ROSA26 locus. Gene targeting provides several advantages over standard transgenic techniques, including a known site of integration and previously characterized pattern of expression. Historically, an inherent instability of ROSA26 targeting vectors has hampered the efficiency of developing ROSA26 knock-in lines. In this protocol, we provide individual steps for utilizing Gateway recombination for cloning as well as detailed instructions for screening targeted ES cell clones. By following this protocol, one can achieve germline transmission of a ROSA26 knock-in line within several months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandi L Carofino
- Interdepartmental Program in Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Monica J Justice
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Sen P, Dharmadhikari AV, Majewski T, Mohammad MA, Kalin TV, Zabielska J, Ren X, Bray M, Brown HM, Welty S, Thevananther S, Langston C, Szafranski P, Justice MJ, Kalinichenko VV, Gambin A, Belmont J, Stankiewicz P. Comparative analyses of lung transcriptomes in patients with alveolar capillary dysplasia with misalignment of pulmonary veins and in foxf1 heterozygous knockout mice. PLoS One 2014; 9:e94390. [PMID: 24722050 PMCID: PMC3983164 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0094390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2013] [Accepted: 03/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Alveolar Capillary Dysplasia with Misalignment of Pulmonary Veins (ACDMPV) is a developmental disorder of the lungs, primarily affecting their vasculature. FOXF1 haploinsufficiency due to heterozygous genomic deletions and point mutations have been reported in most patients with ACDMPV. The majority of mice with heterozygous loss-of-function of Foxf1 exhibit neonatal lethality with evidence of pulmonary hemorrhage in some of them. By comparing transcriptomes of human ACDMPV lungs with control lungs using expression arrays, we found that several genes and pathways involved in lung development, angiogenesis, and in pulmonary hypertension development, were deregulated. Similar transcriptional changes were found in lungs of the postnatal day 0.5 Foxf1+/− mice when compared to their wildtype littermate controls; 14 genes, COL15A1, COL18A1, COL6A2, ESM1, FSCN1, GRINA, IGFBP3, IL1B, MALL, NOS3, RASL11B, MATN2, PRKCDBP, and SIRPA, were found common to both ACDMPV and Foxf1 heterozygous lungs. Our results advance knowledge toward understanding of the molecular mechanism of ACDMPV, lung development, and its vasculature pathology. These data may also be useful for understanding etiologies of other lung disorders, e.g. pulmonary hypertension, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, or cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Partha Sen
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail: (P. Sen); (P. Stankiewicz)
| | - Avinash V. Dharmadhikari
- Department of Molecular & Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Interdepartmental Program in Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Tadeusz Majewski
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Mahmoud A. Mohammad
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Tanya V. Kalin
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | | | - Xiaomeng Ren
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Molly Bray
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Hannah M. Brown
- Department of Molecular & Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Robinson Research Institute, School of Pediatrics and Reproductive Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Stephen Welty
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Sundararajah Thevananther
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Interdepartmental Program in Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Claire Langston
- Department of Pathology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Przemyslaw Szafranski
- Department of Molecular & Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Monica J. Justice
- Department of Molecular & Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Interdepartmental Program in Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Vladimir V. Kalinichenko
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Anna Gambin
- Institute of Informatics, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- Mossakowski Medical Research Center, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - John Belmont
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Molecular & Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Pawel Stankiewicz
- Department of Molecular & Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Interdepartmental Program in Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail: (P. Sen); (P. Stankiewicz)
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Buchovecky CM, Hill MG, Borkey JM, Kyle SM, Justice MJ. Evaluation of Rett Syndrome Symptom Improvement by Metabolic Modulators in Mecp2-Mutant Mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 3:187-204. [PMID: 26069093 DOI: 10.1002/9780470942390.mo130157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Mouse models recapitulate many symptoms of Rett Syndrome, an X-linked disorder caused by mutations in methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 (MECP2). The study of Mecp2-null male mice has provided insight into pathogenesis of the disorder-most recently, dysregulation of cholesterol and lipid metabolism. Perisymptomatic treatment with statin drugs successfully mitigates the effects of this metabolic syndrome, increases longevity, and improves motor function. Described here is a metabolic drug screening protocol and timeline for symptom evaluation in Mecp2-mutant mice. Specifically, mice are treated twice weekly with a compound of interest alongside subjective health assessments, bi-weekly body composition measurements, and blood chemistries. Throughout treatment, behavioral phenotyping tests are carried out at specific time points. This protocol is highly adaptable to other neurological diseases; however, the time for completion depends on the specific mutant model under study. The protocol highlights the use of techniques described in several different Current Protocols in Mouse Biology articles to carry out testing in a preclinical model. Curr. Protoc. Mouse Biol. 3:187-204 © 2013 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christie M Buchovecky
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Misty G Hill
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Jennifer M Borkey
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Stephanie M Kyle
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Monica J Justice
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
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Justice MJ, Buchovecky CM, Kyle SM, Djukic A. A role for metabolism in Rett syndrome pathogenesis: New clinical findings and potential treatment targets. Rare Dis 2013; 1:e27265. [PMID: 25003017 DOI: 10.4161/rdis.27265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2013] [Revised: 11/14/2013] [Accepted: 11/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Rett syndrome (RTT), an X-linked neurological disorder caused by mutations in MECP2, may have a metabolic component. We reported a genetic suppressor screen in a Mecp2-null mouse model to identify pathways for therapeutic improvement of RTT symptoms. Of note, one suppressor mutation implied that cholesterol homeostasis was perturbed in Mecp2 null mice; indeed, cholesterol synthesis was elevated in the brain and body system. Remarkably, the genetic effect of downregulating the cholesterol pathway could be mimicked chemically by statin drugs, improving motor symptoms, and increasing longevity in the mouse. Our work linked cholesterol metabolism to RTT pathology for the first time. Both neurological and systemic effects of perturbed cholesterol homeostasis overlap with many RTT symptoms. Here we show in patients that peripheral cholesterol, triglycerides, and/or LDLs may be elevated early in RTT disease onset, providing a biomarker for patients that could be aided by therapeutic interventions that modulate lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica J Justice
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics; Baylor College of Medicine; Houston, TX USA
| | - Christie M Buchovecky
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics; Baylor College of Medicine; Houston, TX USA
| | - Stephanie M Kyle
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics; Baylor College of Medicine; Houston, TX USA
| | - Aleksandra Djukic
- Tri-state Rett Syndrome Clinic; Montefiore Medical Center; Albert Einstein College of Medicine; Yeshiva University; Bronx, NY USA
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Probst FJ, Corrigan RR, del Gaudio D, Salinger AP, Lorenzo I, Gao SS, Chiu I, Xia A, Oghalai JS, Justice MJ. A point mutation in the gene for asparagine-linked glycosylation 10B (Alg10b) causes nonsyndromic hearing impairment in mice (Mus musculus). PLoS One 2013; 8:e80408. [PMID: 24303013 PMCID: PMC3841196 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0080408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 10/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The study of mouse hearing impairment mutants has led to the identification of a number of human hearing impairment genes and has greatly furthered our understanding of the physiology of hearing. The novel mouse mutant neurological/sensory 5 (nse5) demonstrates a significantly reduced or absent startle response to sound and is therefore a potential murine model of human hearing impairment. Genetic analysis of 500 intercross progeny localized the mutant locus to a 524 kilobase (kb) interval on mouse chromosome 15. A missense mutation in a highly-conserved amino acid was found in the asparagine-linked glycosylation 10B gene (Alg10b), which is within the critical interval for the nse5 mutation. A 20.4 kb transgene containing a wildtype copy of the Alg10b gene rescued the mutant phenotype in nse5/nse5 homozygous animals, confirming that the mutation in Alg10b is responsible for the nse5/nse5 mutant phenotype. Homozygous nse5/nse5 mutants had abnormal auditory brainstem responses (ABRs), distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs), and cochlear microphonics (CMs). Endocochlear potentials (EPs), on the other hand, were normal. ABRs and DPOAEs also confirmed the rescue of the mutant nse5/nse5 phenotype by the wildtype Alg10b transgene. These results suggested a defect in the outer hair cells of mutant animals, which was confirmed by histologic analysis. This is the first report of mutation in a gene involved in the asparagine (N)-linked glycosylation pathway causing nonsyndromic hearing impairment, and it suggests that the hearing apparatus, and the outer hair cells in particular, are exquisitely sensitive to perturbations of the N-linked glycosylation pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank J. Probst
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Rebecca R. Corrigan
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Daniela del Gaudio
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Andrew P. Salinger
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Isabel Lorenzo
- Genetically Engineered Mouse Shared Resource, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Simon S. Gao
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Ilene Chiu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Anping Xia
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - John S. Oghalai
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Monica J. Justice
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Allache R, Lachance S, Guyot MC, De Marco P, Merello E, Justice MJ, Capra V, Kibar Z. Novel mutations in Lrp6 orthologs in mouse and human neural tube defects affect a highly dosage-sensitive Wnt non-canonical planar cell polarity pathway. Hum Mol Genet 2013; 23:1687-99. [PMID: 24203697 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddt558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Wnt signaling has been classified as canonical Wnt/β-catenin-dependent or non-canonical planar cell polarity (PCP) pathway. Misregulation of either pathway is linked mainly to cancer or neural tube defects (NTDs), respectively. Both pathways seem to antagonize each other, and recent studies have implicated a number of molecular switches that activate one pathway while simultaneously inhibiting the other thereby partially mediating this antagonism. The lipoprotein receptor-related protein Lrp6 is crucial for the activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, but its function in Wnt/PCP signaling remains largely unknown. In this study, we investigate the role of Lrp6 as a molecular switch between both Wnt pathways in a novel ENU mouse mutant of Lrp6 (Skax26(m1Jus)) and in human NTDs. We demonstrate that Skax26(m1Jus) represents a hypermorphic allele of Lrp6 with increased Wnt canonical and abolished PCP-induced JNK activities. We also show that Lrp6(Skax26-Jus) genetically interacts with a PCP mutant (Vangl2(Lp)) where double heterozygotes showed an increased frequency of NTDs and defects in cochlear hair cells' polarity. Importantly, our study also demonstrates the association of rare and novel missense mutations in LRP6 that is an inhibitor rather than an activator of the PCP pathway with human NTDs. We show that three LRP6 mutations in NTDs led to a reduced Wnt canonical activity and enhanced PCP signaling. Our data confirm an inhibitory role of Lrp6 in PCP signaling in neurulation and indicate the importance of a tightly regulated and highly dosage-sensitive antagonism between both Wnt pathways in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Redouane Allache
- CHU Sainte Justine Research Center and University of Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada H3T 1C5
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Carofino BL, Ayanga B, Justice MJ. A mouse model for inducible overexpression of Prdm14 results in rapid-onset and highly penetrant T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL). Dis Model Mech 2013; 6:1494-506. [PMID: 24046360 PMCID: PMC3820272 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.012575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
PRDM14 functions in embryonic stem cell (ESC) maintenance to promote the expression of pluripotency-associated genes while suppressing differentiation genes. Expression of PRDM14 is tightly regulated and typically limited to ESCs and primordial germ cells; however, aberrant expression is associated with tumor initiation in a wide variety of human cancers, including breast cancer and leukemia. Here, we describe the generation of a Cre-recombinase-inducible mouse model for the spatial and temporal control of Prdm14 misexpression [ROSA26 floxed-stop Prdm14 (R26PR)]. When R26PR is mated to either of two Cre lines, Mx1-cre or MMTV-cre, mice develop early-onset T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) with median overall survival of 41 and 64 days for R26PR;Mx1-cre and R26PR;MMTV-cre, respectively. T-ALL is characterized by the accumulation of immature single-positive CD8 cells and their widespread infiltration. Leukemia is preceded by a dramatic expansion of cells resembling hematopoietic stem cells and lymphoid-committed progenitors prior to disease onset, accompanied by a blockage in B-cell differentiation at the early pro-B stage. Rapid-onset PRDM14-induced T-ALL requires factors that are present in stem and progenitor cells: R26PR;dLck-cre animals, which express Prdm14 starting at the double-positive stage of thymocyte development, do not develop disease. PRDM14-induced leukemic cells contain high levels of activated NOTCH1 and downstream NOTCH1 targets, including MYC and HES1, and are sensitive to pharmacological inhibition of NOTCH1 with the γ-secretase inhibitor DAPT. Greater than 50% of human T-ALLs harbor activating mutations in NOTCH1; thus, our model carries clinically relevant molecular aberrations. The penetrance, short latency and involvement of the NOTCH1 pathway will make this hematopoietic R26PR mouse model ideal for future studies on disease initiation, relapse and novel therapeutic drug combinations. Furthermore, breeding R26PR to additional Cre lines will allow for the continued development of novel cancer models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandi L Carofino
- Interdepartmental Program in Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Wiszniewski W, Hunter J, Hanchard N, Willer J, Shaw C, Tian Q, Illner A, Wang X, Cheung S, Patel A, Campbell IM, Gelowani V, Hixson P, Ester A, Azamian M, Potocki L, Zapata G, Hernandez P, Ramocki M, Santos-Cortez R, Wang G, York M, Justice MJ, Chu Z, Bader P, Omo-Griffith L, Madduri N, Scharer G, Crawford H, Yanatatsaneejit P, Eifert A, Kerr J, Bacino C, Franklin A, Goin-Kochel RP, Simpson G, Immken L, Haque M, Stosic M, Williams M, Morgan T, Pruthi S, Omary R, Boyadjiev S, Win K, Thida A, Hurles M, Hibberd M, Khor C, Van Vinh Chau N, Gallagher T, Mutirangura A, Stankiewicz P, Beaudet A, Maletic-Savatic M, Rosenfeld J, Shaffer L, Davis E, Belmont J, Dunstan S, Simmons CP, Bonnen PE, Leal S, Katsanis N, Lupski J, Lalani S. TM4SF20 ancestral deletion and susceptibility to a pediatric disorder of early language delay and cerebral white matter hyperintensities. Am J Hum Genet 2013; 93:197-210. [PMID: 23810381 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2013.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2013] [Revised: 05/07/2013] [Accepted: 05/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
White matter hyperintensities (WMHs) of the brain are important markers of aging and small-vessel disease. WMHs are rare in healthy children and, when observed, often occur with comorbid neuroinflammatory or vasculitic processes. Here, we describe a complex 4 kb deletion in 2q36.3 that segregates with early childhood communication disorders and WMH in 15 unrelated families predominantly from Southeast Asia. The premature brain aging phenotype with punctate and multifocal WMHs was observed in ~70% of young carrier parents who underwent brain MRI. The complex deletion removes the penultimate exon 3 of TM4SF20, a gene encoding a transmembrane protein of unknown function. Minigene analysis showed that the resultant net loss of an exon introduces a premature stop codon, which, in turn, leads to the generation of a stable protein that fails to target to the plasma membrane and accumulates in the cytoplasm. Finally, we report this deletion to be enriched in individuals of Vietnamese Kinh descent, with an allele frequency of about 1%, embedded in an ancestral haplotype. Our data point to a constellation of early language delay and WMH phenotypes, driven by a likely toxic mechanism of TM4SF20 truncation, and highlight the importance of understanding and managing population-specific low-frequency pathogenic alleles.
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Abstract
To better translate basic research findings into the clinic, we are moving away from the traditional one-gene–one-phenotype model towards the discovery of complex mechanisms. In this Editorial, the new Editor-in-Chief and Senior Editors of Disease Models & Mechanisms (DMM) discuss the role that the journal will play in this transition. DMM will continue to provide a platform for studies that bridge basic and applied science, and, by demanding the rigorous assessment of animal models of disease, will help drive the establishment of robust standards of preclinical testing for drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross L. Cagan
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology and Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Annenberg Building Floor 25 Room 40A, 1468 Madison Avenue, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Author for correspondence ()
| | - Monica J. Justice
- Departments of Molecular and Human Genetics and Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - George F. Tidmarsh
- La Jolla Pharmaceutical Company, 459 Forest Avenue, Palo Alto, CA 9430, USA
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Katz DM, Berger-Sweeney JE, Eubanks JH, Justice MJ, Neul JL, Pozzo-Miller L, Blue ME, Christian D, Crawley JN, Giustetto M, Guy J, Howell CJ, Kron M, Nelson SB, Samaco RC, Schaevitz LR, St Hillaire-Clarke C, Young JL, Zoghbi HY, Mamounas LA. Preclinical research in Rett syndrome: setting the foundation for translational success. Dis Model Mech 2013; 5:733-45. [PMID: 23115203 PMCID: PMC3484856 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.011007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In September of 2011, the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), the International Rett Syndrome Foundation (IRSF) and the Rett Syndrome Research Trust (RSRT) convened a workshop involving a broad cross-section of basic scientists, clinicians and representatives from the National Institutes of Health (NIH), the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the pharmaceutical industry and private foundations to assess the state of the art in animal studies of Rett syndrome (RTT). The aim of the workshop was to identify crucial knowledge gaps and to suggest scientific priorities and best practices for the use of animal models in preclinical evaluation of potential new RTT therapeutics. This review summarizes outcomes from the workshop and extensive follow-up discussions among participants, and includes: (1) a comprehensive summary of the physiological and behavioral phenotypes of RTT mouse models to date, and areas in which further phenotypic analyses are required to enhance the utility of these models for translational studies; (2) discussion of the impact of genetic differences among mouse models, and methodological differences among laboratories, on the expression and analysis, respectively, of phenotypic traits; and (3) definitions of the standards that the community of RTT researchers can implement for rigorous preclinical study design and transparent reporting to ensure that decisions to initiate costly clinical trials are grounded in reliable preclinical data.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Katz
- Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44120, USA.
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Abstract
Background Tenm4 is a mouse homolog of the Drosophila gene Tenascin-m (Ten-m (Odd oz)), which functions in motor neuron routing. Recently, a genome-wide association analysis for bipolar disorder identified a new susceptibility locus at TENM4 increasing the importance of understanding Tenm4. A series of Tenm4 mouse alleles showing a broad range of phenotypes were isolated after ENU mutagenesis. Here, we examine the timing and features of gastrulation failure in a loss of function allele. Results Embryonic mesoderm did not form in loss of function Tenm4m1/m1 mutant embryos. Genes normally expressed in embryonic mesoderm were not expressed in the mutant, the primitive streak did not form, and markers of the anteroposterior axis were not expressed or were mislocalized. The lack of embryonic mesoderm could not be attributed to poor proliferation of the epiblast, as normal numbers of dividing cells were observed. Epiblast cells maintained expression of Pou5f1 suggesting that they remain pluripotent, but they did not have the capacity to form any germ layer derivatives in teratomas, showing that the inability to induce mesoderm is cell autonomous. Misexpression of E-cadherin and N-cadherin suggest that the embryos did not undergo an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. In addition, Wnt signaling did not occur in the mutants, as assessed by the TOPGAL reporter assay, while a GSK3β inhibitor partially rescued the mutant embryos, and rescued TOPGAL reporter expression. Conclusions These data demonstrate that Tenm4 mutants fail to form a primitive streak and to induce embryonic mesoderm. Markers of anterior posterior patterning fail to be expressed or are mislocalized. Further, Tenm4 mutants lack the ability to differentiate in a cell autonomous manner. Together, our data suggest that embryos become impaired prior to E6.5 and as a result, Wnt signaling fails to occur; however, the involvement of other signaling pathways remains to be examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisashi Nakamura
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Beck TF, Shchelochkov OA, Yu Z, Kim BJ, Hernández-García A, Zaveri HP, Bishop C, Overbeek PA, Stockton DW, Justice MJ, Scott DA. Novel frem1-related mouse phenotypes and evidence of genetic interactions with gata4 and slit3. PLoS One 2013; 8:e58830. [PMID: 23536828 PMCID: PMC3594180 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0058830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2012] [Accepted: 02/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The FRAS1-related extracellular matrix 1 (FREM1) gene encodes an extracellular matrix protein that plays a critical role in the development of multiple organ systems. In humans, recessive mutations in FREM1 cause eye defects, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, renal anomalies and anorectal malformations including anteriorly placed anus. A similar constellation of findings-microphthalmia, cryptophthalmos, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, renal agenesis and rectal prolapse-have been described in FREM1-deficient mice. In this paper, we identify a homozygous Frem1 missense mutation (c.1687A>T, p.Ile563Phe) in an N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU)-derived mouse strain, crf11, with microphthalmia, cryptophthalmos, renal agenesis and rectal prolapse. This mutation affects a highly conserved residue in FREM1's third CSPG domain. The p.Ile563Phe change is predicted to be deleterious and to cause decreased FREM1 protein stability. The crf11 allele also fails to complement the previously described eyes2 allele of Frem1 (p.Lys826*) providing further evidence that the crf11 phenotype is due to changes affecting Frem1 function. We then use mice bearing the crf11 and eyes2 alleles to identify lung lobulation defects and decreased anogenital distance in males as novel phenotypes associated with FREM1 deficiency in mice. Due to phenotypic overlaps between FREM1-deficient mice and mice that are deficient for the retinoic acid-responsive transcription factor GATA4 and the extracellular matrix protein SLIT3, we also perform experiments to look for in vivo genetic interactions between the genes that encode these proteins. These experiments reveal that Frem1 interacts genetically with Gata4 in the development of lung lobulation defects and with Slit3 in the development of renal agenesis. These results demonstrate that FREM1-deficient mice faithfully recapitulate many of the phenotypes seen in individuals with FREM1 deficiency and that variations in GATA4 and SLIT3 expression modulate some FREM1-related phenotypes in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler F. Beck
- Departments of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Oleg A. Shchelochkov
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Zhiyin Yu
- Departments of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Bum Jun Kim
- Departments of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Andrés Hernández-García
- Departments of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Hitisha P. Zaveri
- Departments of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Colin Bishop
- The Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Paul A. Overbeek
- Departments of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Molecular and Cell Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - David W. Stockton
- Departments of Pediatrics and Internal Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Monica J. Justice
- Departments of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Daryl A. Scott
- Departments of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
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Kim BJ, Zaveri HP, Shchelochkov OA, Yu Z, Hernández-García A, Seymour ML, Oghalai JS, Pereira FA, Stockton DW, Justice MJ, Lee B, Scott DA. An allelic series of mice reveals a role for RERE in the development of multiple organs affected in chromosome 1p36 deletions. PLoS One 2013; 8:e57460. [PMID: 23451234 PMCID: PMC3581587 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0057460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2012] [Accepted: 01/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Individuals with terminal and interstitial deletions of chromosome 1p36 have a spectrum of defects that includes eye anomalies, postnatal growth deficiency, structural brain anomalies, seizures, cognitive impairment, delayed motor development, behavior problems, hearing loss, cardiovascular malformations, cardiomyopathy, and renal anomalies. The proximal 1p36 genes that contribute to these defects have not been clearly delineated. The arginine-glutamic acid dipeptide (RE) repeats gene (RERE) is located in this region and encodes a nuclear receptor coregulator that plays a critical role in embryonic development as a positive regulator of retinoic acid signaling. Rere-null mice die of cardiac failure between E9.5 and E11.5. This limits their usefulness in studying the role of RERE in the latter stages of development and into adulthood. To overcome this limitation, we created an allelic series of RERE-deficient mice using an Rere-null allele, om, and a novel hypomorphic Rere allele, eyes3 (c.578T>C, p.Val193Ala), which we identified in an N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU)-based screen for autosomal recessive phenotypes. Analyses of these mice revealed microphthalmia, postnatal growth deficiency, brain hypoplasia, decreased numbers of neuronal nuclear antigen (NeuN)-positive hippocampal neurons, hearing loss, cardiovascular malformations–aortic arch anomalies, double outlet right ventricle, and transposition of the great arteries, and perimembranous ventricular septal defects–spontaneous development of cardiac fibrosis and renal agenesis. These findings suggest that RERE plays a critical role in the development and function of multiple organs including the eye, brain, inner ear, heart and kidney. It follows that haploinsufficiency of RERE may contribute–alone or in conjunction with other genetic, environmental, or stochastic factors–to the development of many of the phenotypes seen in individuals with terminal and interstitial deletions that include the proximal region of chromosome 1p36.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bum Jun Kim
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Hitisha P. Zaveri
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Oleg A. Shchelochkov
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Zhiyin Yu
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Andrés Hernández-García
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Michelle L. Seymour
- Huffington Center on Aging and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - John S. Oghalai
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United State of America
| | - Fred A. Pereira
- Huffington Center on Aging and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - David W. Stockton
- Departments of Pediatrics and Internal Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Monica J. Justice
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Brendan Lee
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Daryl A. Scott
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Bartnikas TB, Steinbicker AU, Campagna DR, Blevins S, Woodward LS, Herrera C, Bloch KD, Justice MJ, Fleming MD. Identification and characterization of a novel murine allele of Tmprss6. Haematologica 2013; 98:854-61. [PMID: 23300183 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2012.074617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutagenesis screens can establish mouse models of utility for the study of critical biological processes such as iron metabolism. Such screens can produce mutations in novel genes or establish novel alleles of known genes, both of which can be useful tools for study. In order to identify genes of relevance to hematologic as well as other phenotypes, we performed N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea mutagenesis in C57BL/6J mice. An anemic mouse was identified and a putative mutation was characterized by mapping, sequencing and in vitro activity analysis. The mouse strain was backcrossed for ten generations then phenotypically characterized with respect to a previously established null mouse strain. Potential modifying loci were identified by quantitative trait locus analysis. Mapping and sequencing in an anemic mouse termed hem8 identified an I286F substitution in Tmprss6, a serine protease essential for iron metabolism; this substitution impaired in vitro protease activity. After backcrossing to C57BL6/J for ten generations, the hem8(-/-) strain exhibited a phenotype similar in some but not all aspects to that of Tmprss6(-/-) mice. The hem8 and Tmprss6-null mutations were allelic. Both hem8(-/-) and Tmprss6(-/-) mice responded similarly to pharmacological modulators of bone morphogenetic protein signaling, a key regulator of iron metabolism. Quantitative trait locus analysis in the hem8 strain identified potential modifying loci on chromosomes 2, 4, 7 and 10. In conclusion, the hem8 mouse model carries a novel allele of Tmprss6. Potential uses for this strain in the study of iron metabolism are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas B Bartnikas
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
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Lossie AC, Lo CL, Baumgarner KM, Cramer MJ, Garner JP, Justice MJ. ENU mutagenesis reveals that Notchless homolog 1 (Drosophila) affects Cdkn1a and several members of the Wnt pathway during murine pre-implantation development. BMC Genet 2012; 13:106. [PMID: 23231322 PMCID: PMC3558363 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2156-13-106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2012] [Accepted: 11/24/2012] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Our interests lie in determining the genes and genetic pathways that are important for establishing and maintaining maternal-fetal interactions during pregnancy. Mutation analysis targeted to a 34 Mb domain flanked by Trp53 and Wnt3 demonstrates that this region of mouse chromosome 11 contains a large number of essential genes. Two mutant alleles (l11Jus1 and l11Jus4), which fall into the same complementation group, survive through implantation but fail prior to gastrulation. Results Through a positional cloning strategy, we discovered that these homozygous mutant alleles contain non-conservative missense mutations in the Notchless homolog 1 (Drosophila) (Nle1) gene. NLE1 is a member of the large WD40-repeat protein family, and is thought to signal via the canonical NOTCH pathway in vertebrates. However, the phenotype of the Nle1 mutant mice is much more severe than single Notch receptor mutations or even in animals in which NOTCH signaling is blocked. To test the hypothesis that NLE1 functions in multiple signaling pathways during pre-implantation development, we examined expression of multiple Notch downstream target genes, as well as select members of the Wnt pathway in wild-type and mutant embryos. We did not detect altered expression of any primary members of the Notch pathway or in Notch downstream target genes. However, our data reveal that Cdkn1a, a NOTCH target, was upregulated in Nle1 mutants, while several members of the Wnt pathway are downregulated. In addition, we found that Nle1 mutant embryos undergo caspase-mediated apoptosis as hatched blastocysts, but not as morulae or blastocysts. Conclusions Taken together, these results uncover potential novel functions for NLE1 in the WNT and CDKN1A pathways during embryonic development in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy C Lossie
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
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Beck TF, Veenma D, Shchelochkov OA, Yu Z, Kim BJ, Zaveri HP, van Bever Y, Choi S, Douben H, Bertin TK, Patel PI, Lee B, Tibboel D, de Klein A, Stockton DW, Justice MJ, Scott DA. Deficiency of FRAS1-related extracellular matrix 1 (FREM1) causes congenital diaphragmatic hernia in humans and mice. Hum Mol Genet 2012; 22:1026-38. [PMID: 23221805 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/dds507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is a common life-threatening birth defect. Recessive mutations in the FRAS1-related extracellular matrix 1 (FREM1) gene have been shown to cause bifid nose with or without anorectal and renal anomalies (BNAR) syndrome and Manitoba oculotrichoanal (MOTA) syndrome, but have not been previously implicated in the development of CDH. We have identified a female child with an isolated left-sided posterolateral CDH covered by a membranous sac who had no features suggestive of BNAR or MOTA syndromes. This child carries a maternally-inherited ~86 kb FREM1 deletion that affects the expression of FREM1's full-length transcripts and a paternally-inherited splice site mutation that causes activation of a cryptic splice site, leading to a shift in the reading frame and premature termination of all forms of the FREM1 protein. This suggests that recessive FREM1 mutations can cause isolated CDH in humans. Further evidence for the role of FREM1 in the development of CDH comes from an N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea -derived mouse strain, eyes2, which has a homozygous truncating mutation in Frem1. Frem1(eyes2) mice have eye defects, renal agenesis and develop retrosternal diaphragmatic hernias which are covered by a membranous sac. We confirmed that Frem1 is expressed in the anterior portion of the developing diaphragm and found that Frem1(eyes2) embryos had decreased levels of cell proliferation in their developing diaphragms when compared to wild-type embryos. We conclude that FREM1 plays a critical role in the development of the diaphragm and that FREM1 deficiency can cause CDH in both humans and mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler F Beck
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Jiang Z, Zhu L, Hu L, Slesnick TC, Pautler RG, Justice MJ, Belmont JW. Zic3 is required in the extra-cardiac perinodal region of the lateral plate mesoderm for left-right patterning and heart development. Hum Mol Genet 2012. [PMID: 23184148 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/dds494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in ZIC3 cause human X-linked heterotaxy and isolated cardiovascular malformations. A mouse model with targeted deletion of Zic3 demonstrates an early role for Zic3 in gastrulation, CNS, cardiac and left-right axial development. The observation of multiple malformations in Zic3(null) mice and the relatively broad expression pattern of Zic3 suggest its important roles in multiple developmental processes. Here, we report that Zic3 is primarily required in epiblast derivatives to affect left-right patterning and its expression in epiblast is necessary for proper transcriptional control of embryonic cardiac development. However, cardiac malformations in Zic3 deficiency occur not because Zic3 is intrinsically required in the heart but rather because it functions early in the establishment of left-right body axis. In addition, we provide evidence supporting a role for Zic3 specifically in the perinodal region of the posterior lateral plate mesoderm for the establishment of laterality. These data delineate the spatial requirement of Zic3 during left-right patterning in the mammalian embryo, and provide basis for further understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the complex interaction of Zic3 with signaling pathways involved in the early establishment of laterality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengxin Jiang
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Texas Children’s Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Larina IV, Larin KV, Justice MJ, Dickinson ME. Optical Coherence Tomography for live imaging of mammalian development. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2011; 21:579-84. [PMID: 21962442 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2011.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2011] [Revised: 08/24/2011] [Accepted: 09/06/2011] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the nature and mechanism of congenital defects of the different organ systems in humans has heavily relied on the analysis of the corresponding mutant phenotypes in rodent models. Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) has recently emerged as a powerful tool to study early embryonic development. This non-invasive optical methodology does not require labeling and allows visualization of embryonic tissues with single cell resolution. Here, we will discuss how OCT can be applied for structural imaging of early mouse and rat embryos in static culture, cardiodynamic and blood flow analysis, and in utero embryonic imaging at later stages of gestation, demonstrating how OCT can be used to assess structural and functional birth defects in mammalian models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina V Larina
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, United States.
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Fairfield H, Gilbert GJ, Barter M, Corrigan RR, Curtain M, Ding Y, D'Ascenzo M, Gerhardt DJ, He C, Huang W, Richmond T, Rowe L, Probst FJ, Bergstrom DE, Murray SA, Bult C, Richardson J, Kile BT, Gut I, Hager J, Sigurdsson S, Mauceli E, Di Palma F, Lindblad-Toh K, Cunningham ML, Cox TC, Justice MJ, Spector MS, Lowe SW, Albert T, Donahue LR, Jeddeloh J, Shendure J, Reinholdt LG. Mutation discovery in mice by whole exome sequencing. Genome Biol 2011; 12:R86. [PMID: 21917142 PMCID: PMC3308049 DOI: 10.1186/gb-2011-12-9-r86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2011] [Revised: 08/04/2011] [Accepted: 09/14/2011] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
We report the development and optimization of reagents for in-solution, hybridization-based capture of the mouse exome. By validating this approach in a multiple inbred strains and in novel mutant strains, we show that whole exome sequencing is a robust approach for discovery of putative mutations, irrespective of strain background. We found strong candidate mutations for the majority of mutant exomes sequenced, including new models of orofacial clefting, urogenital dysmorphology, kyphosis and autoimmune hepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mary Barter
- The Jackson Laboratory, 600 Main St, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA
| | - Rebecca R Corrigan
- Baylor College of Medicine, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, One Baylor Plaza R804, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | | | - Yueming Ding
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, One Bungtown Road, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | | | | | - Chao He
- National Center for Genome Analysis (CNAG), Parc Científic de Barcelona, Torre I, Baldiri Reixac, 408028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Wenhui Huang
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | | | - Lucy Rowe
- The Jackson Laboratory, 600 Main St, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA
| | - Frank J Probst
- Baylor College of Medicine, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, One Baylor Plaza R804, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | | | | | - Carol Bult
- The Jackson Laboratory, 600 Main St, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA
| | - Joel Richardson
- The Jackson Laboratory, 600 Main St, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA
| | - Benjamin T Kile
- University of Washington, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Craniofacial Medicine and Seattle Children's Craniofacial Center, 4800 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Ivo Gut
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Jorg Hager
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Snaevar Sigurdsson
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, 5 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Evan Mauceli
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, 5 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Federica Di Palma
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, 5 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Kerstin Lindblad-Toh
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, 5 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Michael L Cunningham
- University of Washington, Department of Genome Sciences, Foege Building S-250, Box 355065, 3720 15th Ave NE, Seattle, WA 98195-5065, USA
| | - Timothy C Cox
- University of Washington, Department of Genome Sciences, Foege Building S-250, Box 355065, 3720 15th Ave NE, Seattle, WA 98195-5065, USA
| | - Monica J Justice
- Baylor College of Medicine, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, One Baylor Plaza R804, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Mona S Spector
- National Center for Genome Analysis (CNAG), Parc Científic de Barcelona, Torre I, Baldiri Reixac, 408028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Scott W Lowe
- National Center for Genome Analysis (CNAG), Parc Científic de Barcelona, Torre I, Baldiri Reixac, 408028 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Jay Shendure
- University of Washington, Department of Genome Sciences, Foege Building S-250, Box 355065, 3720 15th Ave NE, Seattle, WA 98195-5065, USA
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Zheng L, Michelson Y, Freger V, Avraham Z, Venken KJT, Bellen HJ, Justice MJ, Wides R. Drosophila Ten-m and filamin affect motor neuron growth cone guidance. PLoS One 2011; 6:e22956. [PMID: 21857973 PMCID: PMC3152545 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0022956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2011] [Accepted: 07/03/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The Drosophila Ten-m (also called Tenascin-major, or odd Oz (odz)) gene has been associated with a pair-rule phenotype. We identified and characterized new alleles of Drosophila Ten-m to establish that this gene is not responsible for segmentation defects but rather causes defects in motor neuron axon routing. In Ten-m mutants the inter-segmental nerve (ISN) often crosses segment boundaries and fasciculates with the ISN in the adjacent segment. Ten-m is expressed in the central nervous system and epidermal stripes during the stages when the growth cones of the neurons that form the ISN navigate to their targets. Over-expression of Ten-m in epidermal cells also leads to ISN misrouting. We also found that Filamin, an actin binding protein, physically interacts with the Ten-m protein. Mutations in cheerio, which encodes Filamin, cause defects in motor neuron axon routing like those of Ten-m. During embryonic development, the expression of Filamin and Ten-m partially overlap in ectodermal cells. These results suggest that Ten-m and Filamin in epidermal cells might together influence growth cone progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Zheng
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Yehudit Michelson
- Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Vita Freger
- Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Ziva Avraham
- Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Koen J. T. Venken
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Hugo J. Bellen
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Program in Developmental Biology, Department of Neuroscience, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Monica J. Justice
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail: (RW); (MJJ)
| | - Ron Wides
- Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
- * E-mail: (RW); (MJJ)
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Terzian T, Dumble M, Arbab F, Thaller C, Donehower LA, Lozano G, Justice MJ, Roop DR, Box NF. Rpl27a mutation in the sooty foot ataxia mouse phenocopies high p53 mouse models. J Pathol 2011; 224:540-52. [PMID: 21674502 DOI: 10.1002/path.2891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2010] [Revised: 02/28/2011] [Accepted: 03/04/2011] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Ribosomal stress is an important, yet poorly understood, mechanism that results in activation of the p53 tumour suppressor. We present a mutation in the ribosomal protein Rpl27a gene (sooty foot ataxia mice), isolated through a sensitized N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU) mutagenesis screen for p53 pathway defects, that shares striking phenotypic similarities with high p53 mouse models, including cerebellar ataxia, pancytopenia and epidermal hyperpigmentation. This phenocopy is rescued in a haploinsufficient p53 background. A detailed examination of the bone marrow in these mice identified reduced numbers of haematopoietic stem cells and a p53-dependent c-Kit down-regulation. These studies suggest that reduced Rpl27a increases p53 activity in vivo, further evident with a delay in tumorigenesis in mutant mice. Taken together, these data demonstrate that Rpl27a plays a crucial role in multiple tissues and that disruption of this ribosomal protein affects both development and transformation.
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Abstract
The mouse is the leading organism for disease research. A rich resource of genetic variation occurs naturally in inbred and special strains owing to spontaneous mutations. However, one can also obtain desired gene mutations by using the following processes: targeted mutations that eliminate function in the whole organism or in a specific tissue; forward genetic screens using chemicals or transposons; or the introduction of exogenous transgenes as DNAs, bacterial artificial chromosomes (BACs) or reporter constructs. The mouse is the only mammal that provides such a rich resource of genetic diversity coupled with the potential for extensive genome manipulation, and is therefore a powerful application for modeling human disease. This poster review outlines the major genome manipulations available in the mouse that are used to understand human disease: natural variation, reverse genetics, forward genetics, transgenics and transposons. Each of these applications will be essential for understanding the diversity that is being discovered within the human population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica J Justice
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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