1
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Titmuss E, Milne K, Jones MR, Ng T, Topham JT, Brown SD, Schaeffer DF, Kalloger S, Wilson D, Corbett RD, Williamson LM, Mungall K, Mungall AJ, Holt RA, Nelson BH, Jones SJM, Laskin J, Lim HJ, Marra MA. Immune Activation following Irbesartan Treatment in a Colorectal Cancer Patient: A Case Study. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065869. [PMID: 36982943 PMCID: PMC10051648 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancers are one of the most prevalent tumour types worldwide and, despite the emergence of targeted and biologic therapies, have among the highest mortality rates. The Personalized OncoGenomics (POG) program at BC Cancer performs whole genome and transcriptome analysis (WGTA) to identify specific alterations in an individual's cancer that may be most effectively targeted. Informed using WGTA, a patient with advanced mismatch repair-deficient colorectal cancer was treated with the antihypertensive drug irbesartan and experienced a profound and durable response. We describe the subsequent relapse of this patient and potential mechanisms of response using WGTA and multiplex immunohistochemistry (m-IHC) profiling of biopsies before and after treatment from the same metastatic site of the L3 spine. We did not observe marked differences in the genomic landscape before and after treatment. Analyses revealed an increase in immune signalling and infiltrating immune cells, particularly CD8+ T cells, in the relapsed tumour. These results indicate that the observed anti-tumour response to irbesartan may have been due to an activated immune response. Determining whether there may be other cancer contexts in which irbesartan may be similarly valuable will require additional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Titmuss
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4S6, Canada
| | - K Milne
- Deeley Research Centre, BC Cancer, Victoria, BC V8R 6V5, Canada
| | - M R Jones
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4S6, Canada
| | - T Ng
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z7, Canada
| | - J T Topham
- Pancreas Centre BC, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1G1, Canada
| | - S D Brown
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4S6, Canada
| | | | - S Kalloger
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z7, Canada
| | - D Wilson
- Department of Medical Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4E6, Canada
| | - R D Corbett
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4S6, Canada
| | - L M Williamson
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4S6, Canada
| | - K Mungall
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4S6, Canada
| | - A J Mungall
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4S6, Canada
| | - R A Holt
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4S6, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z2, Canada
| | - B H Nelson
- Deeley Research Centre, BC Cancer, Victoria, BC V8R 6V5, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z2, Canada
| | - S J M Jones
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4S6, Canada
| | - J Laskin
- Department of Medical Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4E6, Canada
| | - H J Lim
- Department of Medical Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4E6, Canada
| | - M A Marra
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4S6, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z2, Canada
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2
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Jeng JY, Carlton AJ, Goodyear RJ, Chinowsky C, Ceriani F, Johnson SL, Sung TC, Dayn Y, Richardson GP, Bowl MR, Brown SD, Manor U, Marcotti W. AAV-mediated rescue of Eps8 expression in vivo restores hair-cell function in a mouse model of recessive deafness. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2022; 26:355-370. [PMID: 36034774 PMCID: PMC9382420 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2022.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The transduction of acoustic information by hair cells depends upon mechanosensitive stereociliary bundles that project from their apical surface. Mutations or absence of the stereociliary protein EPS8 cause deafness in humans and mice, respectively. Eps8 knockout mice (Eps8 -/- ) have hair cells with immature stereocilia and fail to become sensory receptors. Here, we show that exogenous delivery of Eps8 using Anc80L65 in P1-P2 Eps8 -/- mice in vivo rescued the hair bundle structure of apical-coil hair cells. Rescued hair bundles correctly localize EPS8, WHIRLIN, MYO15, and BAIAP2L2, and generate normal mechanoelectrical transducer currents. Inner hair cells with normal-looking stereocilia re-expressed adult-like basolateral ion channels (BK and KCNQ4) and have normal exocytosis. The number of hair cells undergoing full recovery was not sufficient to rescue hearing in Eps8 -/- mice. Adeno-associated virus (AAV)-transduction of P3 apical-coil and P1-P2 basal-coil hair cells does not rescue hair cells, nor does Anc80L65-Eps8 delivery in adult Eps8 -/- mice. We propose that AAV-induced gene-base therapy is an efficient strategy to recover the complex hair-cell defects in Eps8 -/- mice. However, this therapeutic approach may need to be performed in utero since, at postnatal ages, Eps8 -/- hair cells appear to have matured or accumulated damage beyond the point of repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Yi Jeng
- School of Bioscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Adam J. Carlton
- School of Bioscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Richard J. Goodyear
- Sussex Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QG, UK
| | - Colbie Chinowsky
- Waitt Advanced Biophotonics Center, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Federico Ceriani
- School of Bioscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Stuart L. Johnson
- School of Bioscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
- Neuroscience Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Tsung-Chang Sung
- Transgenic Core, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Yelena Dayn
- Transgenic Core, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Guy P. Richardson
- Sussex Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QG, UK
| | - Michael R. Bowl
- Mammalian Genetics Unit, MRC Harwell Institute, Harwell Campus, Oxfordshire OX11 0RD UK
| | - Steve D.M. Brown
- Mammalian Genetics Unit, MRC Harwell Institute, Harwell Campus, Oxfordshire OX11 0RD UK
| | - Uri Manor
- Waitt Advanced Biophotonics Center, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Walter Marcotti
- School of Bioscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
- Neuroscience Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
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3
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Wotton JM, Peterson E, Flenniken AM, Bains RS, Veeraragavan S, Bower LR, Bubier JA, Parisien M, Bezginov A, Haselimashhadi H, Mason J, Moore MA, Stewart ME, Clary DA, Delbarre DJ, Anderson LC, D'Souza A, Goodwin LO, Harrison ME, Huang Z, Mckay M, Qu D, Santos L, Srinivasan S, Urban R, Vukobradovic I, Ward CS, Willett AM, Braun RE, Brown SD, Dickinson ME, Heaney JD, Kumar V, Lloyd KK, Mallon AM, McKerlie C, Murray SA, Nutter LM, Parkinson H, Seavitt JR, Wells S, Samaco RC, Chesler EJ, Smedley D, Diatchenko L, Baumbauer KM, Young EE, Bonin RP, Mandillo S, White JK. Identifying genetic determinants of inflammatory pain in mice using a large-scale gene-targeted screen. Pain 2022; 163:1139-1157. [PMID: 35552317 PMCID: PMC9100450 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Identifying the genetic determinants of pain is a scientific imperative given the magnitude of the global health burden that pain causes. Here, we report a genetic screen for nociception, performed under the auspices of the International Mouse Phenotyping Consortium. A biased set of 110 single-gene knockout mouse strains was screened for 1 or more nociception and hypersensitivity assays, including chemical nociception (formalin) and mechanical and thermal nociception (von Frey filaments and Hargreaves tests, respectively), with or without an inflammatory agent (complete Freund's adjuvant). We identified 13 single-gene knockout strains with altered nocifensive behavior in 1 or more assays. All these novel mouse models are openly available to the scientific community to study gene function. Two of the 13 genes (Gria1 and Htr3a) have been previously reported with nociception-related phenotypes in genetically engineered mouse strains and represent useful benchmarking standards. One of the 13 genes (Cnrip1) is known from human studies to play a role in pain modulation and the knockout mouse reported herein can be used to explore this function further. The remaining 10 genes (Abhd13, Alg6, BC048562, Cgnl1, Cp, Mmp16, Oxa1l, Tecpr2, Trim14, and Trim2) reveal novel pathways involved in nociception and may provide new knowledge to better understand genetic mechanisms of inflammatory pain and to serve as models for therapeutic target validation and drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emma Peterson
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, United States
| | - Ann M. Flenniken
- The Centre for Phenogenomics, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Rasneer S. Bains
- The Mary Lyon Centre, MRC Harwell Institute, Didcot, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Surabi Veeraragavan
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Lynette R. Bower
- Mouse Biology Program, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | | | - Marc Parisien
- Department of Anesthesia, Faculty of Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Genome Building, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Alexandr Bezginov
- The Centre for Phenogenomics, Toronto, ON, Canada
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Hamed Haselimashhadi
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy Mason
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom
| | | | - Michelle E. Stewart
- The Mary Lyon Centre, MRC Harwell Institute, Didcot, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Dave A. Clary
- Mouse Biology Program, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Daniel J. Delbarre
- Mammalian Genetics Unit, MRC Harwell Institute, Didcot, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
| | | | - Abigail D'Souza
- The Centre for Phenogenomics, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Mark E. Harrison
- The Mary Lyon Centre, MRC Harwell Institute, Didcot, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Ziyue Huang
- The Centre for Phenogenomics, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Matthew Mckay
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, United States
| | - Dawei Qu
- The Centre for Phenogenomics, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Luis Santos
- Mammalian Genetics Unit, MRC Harwell Institute, Didcot, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Subhiksha Srinivasan
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Rachel Urban
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, United States
| | - Igor Vukobradovic
- The Centre for Phenogenomics, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Christopher S. Ward
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | | | | | - Steve D.M. Brown
- Mammalian Genetics Unit, MRC Harwell Institute, Didcot, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Mary E. Dickinson
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jason D. Heaney
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Vivek Kumar
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, United States
| | - K.C. Kent Lloyd
- Mouse Biology Program, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, United States
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Ann-Marie Mallon
- Mammalian Genetics Unit, MRC Harwell Institute, Didcot, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Colin McKerlie
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Lauryl M.J. Nutter
- The Centre for Phenogenomics, Toronto, ON, Canada
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Helen Parkinson
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom
| | - John R. Seavitt
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Sara Wells
- The Mary Lyon Centre, MRC Harwell Institute, Didcot, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Rodney C. Samaco
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
| | | | - Damian Smedley
- William Harvey Research Institute, Charterhouse Square, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Luda Diatchenko
- Department of Anesthesia, Faculty of Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Genome Building, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Erin E. Young
- Anesthesiology, University of Kansas School of Medicine, KU Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Robert P. Bonin
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Silvia Mandillo
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology-National Research Council, IBBC-CNR, Monterotondo (RM), Italy
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4
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Antiel RM, Collura CA, Flake AW, Johnson MP, Rintoul NE, Lantos JD, Curlin FA, Tilburt JC, Brown SD, Feudtner C. Physician views regarding the benefits and burdens of prenatal surgery for myelomeningocele. J Perinatol 2017; 37:994-998. [PMID: 28617430 DOI: 10.1038/jp.2017.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Examine how pediatric and obstetrical subspecialists view benefits and burdens of prenatal myelomeningocele (MMC) closure. STUDY DESIGN Mail survey of 1200 neonatologists, pediatric surgeons and maternal-fetal medicine specialists (MFMs). RESULTS Of 1176 eligible physicians, 670 (57%) responded. Most respondents disagreed (68%, 11% strongly) that open fetal surgery places an unacceptable burden on women and their families. Most agreed (65%, 10% strongly) that denying the benefits of open maternal-fetal surgery is unfair to the future child. Most (94%) would recommend prenatal fetoscopic over open or postnatal MMC closure for a hypothetical fetoscopic technique that had similar shunt rates (40%) but decreased maternal morbidity. When the hypothetical shunt rate for fetoscopy was increased to 60%, physicians were split (49% fetoscopy versus 45% open). Views about burdens and fairness correlated with the likelihood of recommending postnatal or fetoscopic over open closure. CONCLUSION Individual and specialty-specific values may influence recommendations about prenatal surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Antiel
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Biomedical Ethics Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Department of General Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - C A Collura
- Biomedical Ethics Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Division of Neonatal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - A W Flake
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - M P Johnson
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - N E Rintoul
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - J D Lantos
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - F A Curlin
- Trent Center for Bioethics, Humanities, and History of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - J C Tilburt
- Biomedical Ethics Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Division of General Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - S D Brown
- Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - C Feudtner
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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5
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Meehan TF, Conte N, West DB, Jacobsen JO, Mason J, Warren J, Chen CK, Tudose I, Relac M, Matthews P, Karp N, Santos L, Fiegel T, Ring N, Westerberg H, Greenaway S, Sneddon D, Morgan H, Codner GF, Stewart ME, Brown J, Horner N, Haendel M, Washington N, Mungall CJ, Reynolds CL, Gallegos J, Gailus-Durner V, Sorg T, Pavlovic G, Bower LR, Moore M, Morse I, Gao X, Tocchini-Valentini GP, Obata Y, Cho SY, Seong JK, Seavitt J, Beaudet AL, Dickinson ME, Herault Y, Wurst W, de Angelis MH, Lloyd KK, Flenniken AM, Nutter LMJ, Newbigging S, McKerlie C, Justice MJ, Murray SA, Svenson KL, Braun RE, White JK, Bradley A, Flicek P, Wells S, Skarnes WC, Adams DJ, Parkinson H, Mallon AM, Brown SD, Smedley D. Disease model discovery from 3,328 gene knockouts by The International Mouse Phenotyping Consortium. Nat Genet 2017; 49:1231-1238. [PMID: 28650483 PMCID: PMC5546242 DOI: 10.1038/ng.3901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Although next-generation sequencing has revolutionized the ability to associate variants with human diseases, diagnostic rates and development of new therapies are still limited by a lack of knowledge of the functions and pathobiological mechanisms of most genes. To address this challenge, the International Mouse Phenotyping Consortium is creating a genome- and phenome-wide catalog of gene function by characterizing new knockout-mouse strains across diverse biological systems through a broad set of standardized phenotyping tests. All mice will be readily available to the biomedical community. Analyzing the first 3,328 genes identified models for 360 diseases, including the first models, to our knowledge, for type C Bernard-Soulier, Bardet-Biedl-5 and Gordon Holmes syndromes. 90% of our phenotype annotations were novel, providing functional evidence for 1,092 genes and candidates in genetically uncharacterized diseases including arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia 3. Finally, we describe our role in variant functional validation with The 100,000 Genomes Project and others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terrence F. Meehan
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Nathalie Conte
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK
| | - David B. West
- Children’s Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, California 94609, USA
| | - Julius O. Jacobsen
- William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - Jeremy Mason
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Jonathan Warren
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Chao-Kung Chen
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Ilinca Tudose
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Mike Relac
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Peter Matthews
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Natasha Karp
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Luis Santos
- Medical Research Council Harwell (Mammalian Genetics Unit and Mary Lyon Centre), Harwell, Oxfordshire OX11 0RD, UK
| | - Tanja Fiegel
- Medical Research Council Harwell (Mammalian Genetics Unit and Mary Lyon Centre), Harwell, Oxfordshire OX11 0RD, UK
| | - Natalie Ring
- Medical Research Council Harwell (Mammalian Genetics Unit and Mary Lyon Centre), Harwell, Oxfordshire OX11 0RD, UK
| | - Henrik Westerberg
- Medical Research Council Harwell (Mammalian Genetics Unit and Mary Lyon Centre), Harwell, Oxfordshire OX11 0RD, UK
| | - Simon Greenaway
- Medical Research Council Harwell (Mammalian Genetics Unit and Mary Lyon Centre), Harwell, Oxfordshire OX11 0RD, UK
| | - Duncan Sneddon
- Medical Research Council Harwell (Mammalian Genetics Unit and Mary Lyon Centre), Harwell, Oxfordshire OX11 0RD, UK
| | - Hugh Morgan
- Medical Research Council Harwell (Mammalian Genetics Unit and Mary Lyon Centre), Harwell, Oxfordshire OX11 0RD, UK
| | - Gemma F Codner
- Medical Research Council Harwell (Mammalian Genetics Unit and Mary Lyon Centre), Harwell, Oxfordshire OX11 0RD, UK
| | - Michelle E Stewart
- Medical Research Council Harwell (Mammalian Genetics Unit and Mary Lyon Centre), Harwell, Oxfordshire OX11 0RD, UK
| | - James Brown
- Medical Research Council Harwell (Mammalian Genetics Unit and Mary Lyon Centre), Harwell, Oxfordshire OX11 0RD, UK
| | - Neil Horner
- Medical Research Council Harwell (Mammalian Genetics Unit and Mary Lyon Centre), Harwell, Oxfordshire OX11 0RD, UK
| | | | - Melissa Haendel
- Department of Medical Informatics and Clinical Epidemiology and OHSU Library, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Nicole Washington
- Division of Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Christopher J. Mungall
- Division of Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Corey L Reynolds
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Juan Gallegos
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Valerie Gailus-Durner
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
| | - Tania Sorg
- CELPHEDIA, PHENOMIN, Institut Clinique de la Souris (ICS), 1 rue Laurent Fries, F-67404 Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, Illkirch, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, Illkirch, France
| | - Guillaume Pavlovic
- CELPHEDIA, PHENOMIN, Institut Clinique de la Souris (ICS), 1 rue Laurent Fries, F-67404 Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, Illkirch, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, Illkirch, France
| | - Lynette R Bower
- Mouse Biology Program, University of California, Davis, California 95618, USA
| | - Mark Moore
- IMPC, San Anselmo, California 94960, USA
| | - Iva Morse
- Charles River Laboratories, Wilmington, Massachusetts 01887, USA
| | - Xiang Gao
- SKL of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Model Animal Research Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Nanjing Biomedical Research Institute, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210061, China
| | - Glauco P Tocchini-Valentini
- Monterotondo Mouse Clinic, Italian National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Monterotondo Scalo I-00015, Italy
| | - Yuichi Obata
- RIKEN BioResource Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0074, Japan
| | - Soo Young Cho
- Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center, 08826, Republic of Korea
- National Cancer Center, Goyang, Gyeonggi, 10408, Republic of Korea
| | - Je Kyung Seong
- Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Republic of Korea
| | - John Seavitt
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Arthur L. Beaudet
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Mary E. Dickinson
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Yann Herault
- CELPHEDIA, PHENOMIN, Institut Clinique de la Souris (ICS), 1 rue Laurent Fries, F-67404 Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, Illkirch, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, Illkirch, France
| | - Wolfgang Wurst
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
| | - Martin Hrabe de Angelis
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
| | - K.C. Kent Lloyd
- Mouse Biology Program, University of California, Davis, California 95618, USA
| | - Ann M Flenniken
- The Centre for Phenogenomics, Toronto, Ontario M5T 3H7, Canada
| | | | | | - Colin McKerlie
- The Centre for Phenogenomics, Toronto, Ontario M5T 3H7, Canada
| | - Monica J. Justice
- Mouse Imaging Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5T 3H7, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Jacqueline K. White
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Allan Bradley
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Paul Flicek
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Sara Wells
- Medical Research Council Harwell (Mammalian Genetics Unit and Mary Lyon Centre), Harwell, Oxfordshire OX11 0RD, UK
| | - William C. Skarnes
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - David J. Adams
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Helen Parkinson
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Ann-Marie Mallon
- Medical Research Council Harwell (Mammalian Genetics Unit and Mary Lyon Centre), Harwell, Oxfordshire OX11 0RD, UK
| | - Steve D.M. Brown
- Medical Research Council Harwell (Mammalian Genetics Unit and Mary Lyon Centre), Harwell, Oxfordshire OX11 0RD, UK
| | - Damian Smedley
- William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS, UK
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6
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Ehrlich SF, Hedderson MM, Brown SD, Sternfeld B, Chasan-Taber L, Feng J, Adams J, Ching J, Crites Y, Quesenberry CP, Ferrara A. Moderate intensity sports and exercise is associated with glycaemic control in women with gestational diabetes. Diabetes Metab 2017; 43:416-423. [PMID: 28238600 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabet.2017.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2016] [Revised: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
AIM To assess the association of regular, unsupervised sports and exercise during pregnancy, by intensity level, with glycaemic control in women with gestational diabetes (GDM). METHODS Prospective cohort study of 971 women who, shortly after being diagnosed with GDM, completed a Pregnancy Physical Activity Questionnaire assessing moderate and vigorous intensity sports and exercise in the past 3 months. Self-monitored capillary glucose values were obtained for the 6-week period following the questionnaire, with optimal glycaemic control defined≥80% values meeting the targets<5.3mmol/L for fasting and <7.8mmol/L 1-hour after meals. Logistic regression estimated the odds of achieving optimal control; linear regression estimated activity level-specific least square mean glucose, as well as between-level mean glucose differences. RESULTS For volume of moderate intensity sports and exercise ([MET×hours]/week), the highest quartile, compared to the lowest, had significantly increased odds of optimal control (OR=1.82 [95% CI: 1.06-3.14] P=0.03). There were significant trends for decreasing mean 1-hour post breakfast, lunch and dinner glycaemia with increasing quartile of moderate activity (all P<0.05). Any participation in vigorous intensity sports and exercise was associated with decreased mean 1-hour post breakfast and lunch glycaemia (both P<0.05). No associations were observed for fasting. CONCLUSION Higher volumes of moderate intensity sports and exercise, reported shortly after GDM diagnosis, were significantly associated with increased odds of achieving glycaemic control. Clinicians should be aware that unsupervised moderate intensity sports and exercise performed in mid-pregnancy aids in subsequent glycaemic control among women with GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- S F Ehrlich
- Division of research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, USA; Department of Public Health, College of Education, Health and Human Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA.
| | - M M Hedderson
- Division of research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - S D Brown
- Division of research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - B Sternfeld
- Division of research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - L Chasan-Taber
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, USA
| | - J Feng
- Division of research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - J Adams
- Division of research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - J Ching
- Division of Perinatology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaiser Permanente Medical Center, Santa Clara, CA, USA
| | - Y Crites
- Division of Perinatology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaiser Permanente Medical Center, Santa Clara, CA, USA
| | - C P Quesenberry
- Division of research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - A Ferrara
- Division of research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, USA
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7
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Devereux R, Mosher JJ, Vishnivetskaya TA, Brown SD, Beddick DL, Yates DF, Palumbo AV. Changes in northern Gulf of Mexico sediment bacterial and archaeal communities exposed to hypoxia. Geobiology 2015; 13:478-493. [PMID: 25939270 DOI: 10.1111/gbi.12142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Biogeochemical changes in marine sediments during coastal water hypoxia are well described, but less is known about underlying changes in microbial communities. Bacterial and archaeal communities in Louisiana continental shelf (LCS) hypoxic zone sediments were characterized by pyrosequencing 16S rRNA V4-region gene fragments obtained by PCR amplification of community genomic DNA with bacterial- or archaeal-specific primers. Duplicate LCS sediment cores collected during hypoxia had higher concentrations of Fe(II), and dissolved inorganic carbon, phosphate, and ammonium than cores collected when overlying water oxygen concentrations were normal. Pyrosequencing yielded 158,686 bacterial and 225,591 archaeal sequences from 20 sediment samples, representing five 2-cm depth intervals in the duplicate cores. Bacterial communities grouped by sampling date and sediment depth in a neighbor-joining analysis using Chao-Jaccard shared species values. Redundancy analysis indicated that variance in bacterial communities was mainly associated with differences in sediment chemistry between oxic and hypoxic water column conditions. Gammaproteobacteria (26.5%) were most prominent among bacterial sequences, followed by Firmicutes (9.6%), and Alphaproteobacteria (5.6%). Crenarchaeotal, thaumarchaeotal, and euryarchaeotal lineages accounted for 57%, 27%, and 16% of archaeal sequences, respectively. In Thaumarchaeota Marine Group I, sequences were 96-99% identical to the Nitrosopumilus maritimus SCM1 sequence, were highest in surficial sediments, and accounted for 31% of archaeal sequences when waters were normoxic vs. 13% of archaeal sequences when waters were hypoxic. Redundancy analysis showed Nitrosopumilus-related sequence abundance was correlated with high solid-phase Fe(III) concentrations, whereas most of the remaining archaeal clusters were not. In contrast, crenarchaeotal sequences were from phylogenetically diverse lineages, differed little in relative abundance between sampling times, and increased to high relative abundance with sediment depth. These results provide further evidence that marine sediment microbial community composition can be structured according to sediment chemistry and suggest the expansion of hypoxia in coastal waters may alter sediment microbial communities involved in carbon and nitrogen cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Devereux
- Gulf Ecology Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Gulf Breeze, FL, USA
| | - J J Mosher
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | | | - S D Brown
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - D L Beddick
- Gulf Ecology Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Gulf Breeze, FL, USA
| | - D F Yates
- Gulf Ecology Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Gulf Breeze, FL, USA
| | - A V Palumbo
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
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8
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Ehrlich SF, Hedderson MM, Quesenberry CP, Feng J, Brown SD, Crites Y, Ferrara A. Post-partum weight loss and glucose metabolism in women with gestational diabetes: the DEBI Study. Diabet Med 2014; 31:862-7. [PMID: 24597974 PMCID: PMC4065174 DOI: 10.1111/dme.12425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2013] [Revised: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 02/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Women with gestational diabetes are at high risk for developing diabetes; post-partum weight loss may reduce the risk of diabetes. We evaluated the association of post-partum weight change with changes in glucose, insulin and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance in a subsample (n = 72) of participants from Diet Exercise and Breastfeeding Intervention (DEBI), a randomized pilot trial of lifestyle intervention for women with gestational diabetes. METHODS Glucose and insulin were measured fasting and 2 h after an oral glucose tolerance test at 6 weeks and 12 months post-partum. Women were categorized by weight change (lost > 2 kg vs. maintained/gained) between 6 weeks and 12 months post-partum. RESULTS Compared with women who maintained or gained weight, women who lost > 2 kg experienced significantly lower increases in fasting glucose [age-adjusted means: 0.1 mmol/l (95% CI -0.03 to 0.3) vs. 0.4 mmol/l (95% CI 0.3-0.6); P < 0.01] and 2-h insulin [10.0 pmol/l (95% CI -56.9 to 76.9) vs. 181.2 pmol/l (95% CI 108.3-506.9); P < 0.01] and a significant reduction in 2-h glucose [-0.9 mmol/l (95% CI -1.4 to -0.3) vs. 0.3 mmol/l (95% CI -0.3 to 0.9); P < 0.01]. In multiple linear regression models adjusted for age, Hispanic ethnicity, medication use, meeting the Institute of Medicine's recommendations for gestational weight gain, breastfeeding and randomized group, a 1-kg increase in weight was significantly associated with increases in fasting and 2-h glucose (P < 0.05), but was not associated with insulin or homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance. CONCLUSIONS In women with gestational diabetes, modest post-partum weight loss may be associated with improvements in glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- S F Ehrlich
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, USA
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9
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Renna M, Bento CF, Fleming A, Menzies FM, Siddiqi FH, Ravikumar B, Puri C, Garcia-Arencibia M, Sadiq O, Corrochano S, Carter S, Brown SD, Acevedo-Arozena A, Rubinsztein DC. IGF-1 receptor antagonism inhibits autophagy. Hum Mol Genet 2013; 22:4528-44. [PMID: 23804751 PMCID: PMC3889807 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddt300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2013] [Accepted: 06/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of the insulin/insulin-like growth factor signalling pathway increases lifespan and protects against neurodegeneration in model organisms, and has been considered as a potential therapeutic target. This pathway is upstream of mTORC1, a negative regulator of autophagy. Thus, we expected autophagy to be activated by insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) inhibition, which could account for many of its beneficial effects. Paradoxically, we found that IGF-1 inhibition attenuates autophagosome formation. The reduced amount of autophagosomes present in IGF-1R depleted cells can be, at least in part, explained by a reduced formation of autophagosomal precursors at the plasma membrane. In particular, IGF-1R depletion inhibits mTORC2, which, in turn, reduces the activity of protein kinase C (PKCα/β). This perturbs the actin cytoskeleton dynamics and decreases the rate of clathrin-dependent endocytosis, which impacts autophagosome precursor formation. Finally, with important implications for human diseases, we demonstrate that pharmacological inhibition of the IGF-1R signalling cascade reduces autophagy also in zebrafish and mice models. The novel link we describe here has important consequences for the interpretation of genetic experiments in mammalian systems and for evaluating the potential of targeting the IGF-1R receptor or modulating its signalling through the downstream pathway for therapeutic purposes under clinically relevant conditions, such as neurodegenerative diseases, where autophagy stimulation is considered beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Renna
- Department of Medical Genetics,
Cambridge Institute for Medical Research,
University of Cambridge, Wellcome/MRC Building,
Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY,
UK
| | - Carla F. Bento
- Department of Medical Genetics,
Cambridge Institute for Medical Research,
University of Cambridge, Wellcome/MRC Building,
Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY,
UK
| | - Angeleen Fleming
- Department of Medical Genetics,
Cambridge Institute for Medical Research,
University of Cambridge, Wellcome/MRC Building,
Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY,
UK
- Department of Physiology, Development and
Neuroscience, University of Cambridge,
Cambridge, UK
| | - Fiona M. Menzies
- Department of Medical Genetics,
Cambridge Institute for Medical Research,
University of Cambridge, Wellcome/MRC Building,
Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY,
UK
| | - Farah H. Siddiqi
- Department of Medical Genetics,
Cambridge Institute for Medical Research,
University of Cambridge, Wellcome/MRC Building,
Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY,
UK
| | - Brinda Ravikumar
- Department of Medical Genetics,
Cambridge Institute for Medical Research,
University of Cambridge, Wellcome/MRC Building,
Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY,
UK
| | - Claudia Puri
- Department of Medical Genetics,
Cambridge Institute for Medical Research,
University of Cambridge, Wellcome/MRC Building,
Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY,
UK
| | - Moises Garcia-Arencibia
- Department of Medical Genetics,
Cambridge Institute for Medical Research,
University of Cambridge, Wellcome/MRC Building,
Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY,
UK
| | - Oana Sadiq
- Department of Medical Genetics,
Cambridge Institute for Medical Research,
University of Cambridge, Wellcome/MRC Building,
Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY,
UK
| | | | - Sarah Carter
- Mammalian Genetics Unit,
Medical Research Council, Harwell,
UK
| | | | | | - David C. Rubinsztein
- Department of Medical Genetics,
Cambridge Institute for Medical Research,
University of Cambridge, Wellcome/MRC Building,
Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY,
UK
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10
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Tateossian H, Morse S, Parker A, Mburu P, Warr N, Acevedo-Arozena A, Cheeseman M, Wells S, Brown SD. Otitis media in the Tgif knockout mouse implicates TGFβ signalling in chronic middle ear inflammatory disease. Hum Mol Genet 2013; 22:2553-65. [PMID: 23459932 PMCID: PMC3674796 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddt103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Accepted: 02/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Otitis media with effusion (OME) is the most common cause of hearing loss in children and tympanostomy to alleviate the condition remains the commonest surgical intervention in children in the developed world. Chronic and recurrent forms of OM are known to have a very significant genetic component, however, until recently little was known of the underlying genes involved. The identification of mouse models of chronic OM has indicated a role of transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) signalling and its impact on responses to hypoxia in the inflamed middle ear. We have, therefore, investigated the role of TGFβ signalling and identified and characterized a new model of chronic OM carrying a mutation in the gene for transforming growth interacting factor 1 (Tgif1). Tgif1 homozygous mutant mice have significantly raised auditory thresholds due to a conductive deafness arising from a chronic effusion starting at around 3 weeks of age. The OM is accompanied by a significant thickening of the middle ear mucosa lining, expansion of mucin-secreting goblet cell populations and raised levels of vascular endothelial growth factor, TNF-α and IL-1β in ear fluids. We also identified downstream effects on TGFβ signalling in middle ear epithelia at the time of development of chronic OM. Both phosphorylated SMAD2 and p21 levels were lowered in the homozygous mutant, demonstrating a suppression of the TGFβ pathway. The identification and characterization of the Tgif mutant supports the role of TGFβ signalling in the development of chronic OM and provides an important candidate gene for genetic studies in the human population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Susan Morse
- MRC Mammalian Genetics Unit, Harwell OX11 0RD, UK and
| | - Andrew Parker
- MRC Mammalian Genetics Unit, Harwell OX11 0RD, UK and
| | | | - Nick Warr
- MRC Mammalian Genetics Unit, Harwell OX11 0RD, UK and
| | | | | | - Sara Wells
- Mary Lyon Centre, MRC Harwell, Harwell OX11 0RD, UK
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11
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Abstract
A novel approach to the transfer of multivariate calibration is proposed. This method is based on the finite impulse response (FIR) filtering of a set of spectra to be transferred, using a spectrum on the target instrument to direct the filtering process. Often, the target spectrum is the mean of a calibration set. The method is compared against direct transfer and piecewise direct transfer on near-infrared reflectance spectra in two representative data sets. Results from these studies suggest that FIR transfer compares favorably with piecewise direct transfer in terms of accuracy and precision of the match of transferred spectra to the predictive calibration models developed on the target instrument. Unlike piecewise direct transfer, FIR transfer requires no measurement of standard samples on both the source and target spectrometers. Details and current limitations of the FIR transfer method are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- T B Blank
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brown Laboratory, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716
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12
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Rye MS, Wiertsema SP, Scaman ESH, Oommen J, Sun W, Francis RW, Ang W, Pennell CE, Burgner D, Richmond P, Vijayasekaran S, Coates HL, Brown SD, Blackwell JM, Jamieson SE. FBXO11, a regulator of the TGFβ pathway, is associated with severe otitis media in Western Australian children. Genes Immun 2011; 12:352-9. [PMID: 21293382 DOI: 10.1038/gene.2011.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Otitis media (OM) is a common childhood disease characterised by middle ear inflammation following infection. Susceptibility to recurrent acute OM (rAOM) and chronic OM with effusion (COME) is highly heritable. Two murine mutants, Junbo and Jeff, spontaneously develop severe OM with similar phenotypes to human disease. Fine-mapping of these mutants identified two genes (Evi1 and Fbxo11) that interact with the transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) signalling pathway. We investigated these genes, as well as four Sma- and Mad-related (SMAD) genes of the TGFβ pathway, as candidate rAOM/COME susceptibility genes in two predominantly Caucasian populations. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within FBXO11 (family-based association testing Z-Score=2.61; P(best)=0.009) were associated with severe OM in family-based analysis of 434 families (561 affected individuals) from the Western Australian Family Study of OM. The FBXO11 association was replicated by directed analysis of Illumina 660W-Quad Beadchip data available for 253 cases and 866 controls (OR=1.55 (95% CI 1.28-1.89); P(best)=6.9 × 10(-6)) available within the Western Australian Pregnancy Cohort (Raine) Study. Combined primary and replication results show P(combined)=2.98 × 10(-6). Neither cohort showed an association with EVI1 variants. Family-based associations at SMAD2 (P=0.038) and SMAD4 (P=0.048) were not replicated. Together, these data provide strong evidence for FBXO11 as a susceptibility gene for severe OM.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Rye
- Telethon Institute for Child Health Research, Centre for Child Health Research, The University of Western Australia, Subiaco, Western Australia, Australia
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13
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D'Adamo MC, Shang L, Imbrici P, Brown SD, Pessia M, Tucker SJ. The Kir5.1 Potassium Channel is an Important Determinant of Neuronal PCO2/pH Sensitivity. Biophys J 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2010.12.2539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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14
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Abstract
Experimental removal of helpers from a communal bird population decreased the reproductive success of the reduced units. By controlling for variables that are potentially correlated with both reproductive success and unit size, this experiment establishes that helpers-contribute significantly to their indirect fitness.
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15
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Okumura K, Mochizuki E, Yokohama M, Yamakawa H, Shitara H, Mburu P, Yonekawa H, Brown SD, Kikkawa Y. Protein 4.1 expression in the developing hair cells of the mouse inner ear. Brain Res 2010; 1307:53-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2009.10.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2009] [Revised: 10/14/2009] [Accepted: 10/14/2009] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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16
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Tateossian H, Hardisty-Hughes R, Morse S, Romero MR, Hilton H, Dean C, Brown SD. 13-P138 Regulation of TGF beta signalling by Fbxo11, the gene mutated in the Jeff Otitis Media mouse mutant. Mech Dev 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mod.2009.06.611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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17
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Groszer M, Keays DA, Deacon RM, de Bono JP, Prasad-Mulcare S, Gaub S, Baum MG, French CA, Nicod J, Coventry JA, Enard W, Fray M, Brown SD, Nolan PM, Pääbo S, Channon KM, Costa RM, Eilers J, Ehret G, Rawlins JNP, Fisher SE. Impaired synaptic plasticity and motor learning in mice with a point mutation implicated in human speech deficits. Curr Biol 2008; 18:354-62. [PMID: 18328704 PMCID: PMC2917768 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2008.01.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2007] [Revised: 01/28/2008] [Accepted: 01/29/2008] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The most well-described example of an inherited speech and language disorder is that observed in the multigenerational KE family, caused by a heterozygous missense mutation in the FOXP2 gene. Affected individuals are characterized by deficits in the learning and production of complex orofacial motor sequences underlying fluent speech and display impaired linguistic processing for both spoken and written language. The FOXP2 transcription factor is highly similar in many vertebrate species, with conserved expression in neural circuits related to sensorimotor integration and motor learning. In this study, we generated mice carrying an identical point mutation to that of the KE family, yielding the equivalent arginine-to-histidine substitution in the Foxp2 DNA-binding domain. Homozygous R552H mice show severe reductions in cerebellar growth and postnatal weight gain but are able to produce complex innate ultrasonic vocalizations. Heterozygous R552H mice are overtly normal in brain structure and development. Crucially, although their baseline motor abilities appear to be identical to wild-type littermates, R552H heterozygotes display significant deficits in species-typical motor-skill learning, accompanied by abnormal synaptic plasticity in striatal and cerebellar neural circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Groszer
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, United Kingdom
| | - David A. Keays
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, United Kingdom
| | - Robert M.J. Deacon
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3UD, United Kingdom
| | - Joseph P. de Bono
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford OX3 9DU, United Kingdom
| | - Shweta Prasad-Mulcare
- Laboratory for Integrative Neuroscience, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, 5625 Fishers Lane, Room TS-20D, MSC 9411, Bethesda, Maryland 20852-9411
| | - Simone Gaub
- Institute of Neurobiology, University of Ulm, 89069 Ulm, Germany
| | - Muriel G. Baum
- Carl-Ludwig-Institute for Physiology, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Catherine A. French
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, United Kingdom
| | - Jérôme Nicod
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, United Kingdom
| | - Julie A. Coventry
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, United Kingdom
| | - Wolfgang Enard
- Max-Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Martin Fray
- Medical Research Council Mammalian Genetics Unit, Harwell, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0RD, United Kingdom
| | - Steve D.M. Brown
- Medical Research Council Mammalian Genetics Unit, Harwell, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0RD, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick M. Nolan
- Medical Research Council Mammalian Genetics Unit, Harwell, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0RD, United Kingdom
| | - Svante Pääbo
- Max-Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Keith M. Channon
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford OX3 9DU, United Kingdom
| | - Rui M. Costa
- Laboratory for Integrative Neuroscience, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, 5625 Fishers Lane, Room TS-20D, MSC 9411, Bethesda, Maryland 20852-9411
| | - Jens Eilers
- Carl-Ludwig-Institute for Physiology, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Günter Ehret
- Institute of Neurobiology, University of Ulm, 89069 Ulm, Germany
| | - J. Nicholas P. Rawlins
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3UD, United Kingdom
| | - Simon E. Fisher
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, United Kingdom
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Brown SD, Strange P, Bouchenoire L, Zarychta B, Thompson PBJ, Mannix D, Stockton SJ, Horne M, Arola E, Ebert H, Szotek Z, Temmerman WM, Fort D. Dipolar excitations at the LIII x-ray absorption edges of the heavy rare-earth metals. Phys Rev Lett 2007; 99:247401. [PMID: 18233487 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.99.247401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2006] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We report measured dipolar asymmetry ratios at the LIII edges of the heavy rare-earth metals. The results are compared with a first-principles calculation and excellent agreement is found. A simple model of the scattering is developed, enabling us to reinterpret the resonant x-ray scattering in these materials and to identify the peaks in the asymmetry ratios with features in the spin and orbital moment densities.
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Affiliation(s)
- S D Brown
- XMaS, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, B.P. 220, 38043 Grenoble Cedex, France
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Keays DA, Tian G, Poirier K, Huang GJ, Siebold C, Cleak J, Oliver PL, Fray M, Harvey RJ, Molnár Z, Piñon MC, Dear N, Valdar W, Brown SD, Davies KE, Rawlins JNP, Cowan NJ, Nolan P, Chelly J, Flint J. Mutations in alpha-tubulin cause abnormal neuronal migration in mice and lissencephaly in humans. Cell 2007; 128:45-57. [PMID: 17218254 PMCID: PMC1885944 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2006.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 324] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2006] [Revised: 07/25/2006] [Accepted: 12/18/2006] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The development of the mammalian brain is dependent on extensive neuronal migration. Mutations in mice and humans that affect neuronal migration result in abnormal lamination of brain structures with associated behavioral deficits. Here, we report the identification of a hyperactive N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU)-induced mouse mutant with abnormalities in the laminar architecture of the hippocampus and cortex, accompanied by impaired neuronal migration. We show that the causative mutation lies in the guanosine triphosphate (GTP) binding pocket of α-1 tubulin (Tuba1) and affects tubulin heterodimer formation. Phenotypic similarity with existing mouse models of lissencephaly led us to screen a cohort of patients with developmental brain anomalies. We identified two patients with de novo mutations in TUBA3, the human homolog of Tuba1. This study demonstrates the utility of ENU mutagenesis in the mouse as a means to discover the basis of human neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A. Keays
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Guoling Tian
- Department of Biochemistry, New York University Medical Center, New York, NY10016, USA
| | - Karine Poirier
- Institut Cochin, INSERM Unité 567, CNRS UMR 8104, Université René Descartes – Paris 5, Faculté de Médecine René Descartes, Paris, F-75014, France
| | - Guo-Jen Huang
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Christian Siebold
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - James Cleak
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Peter L. Oliver
- MRC Functional Genetics Unit, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QX, UK
| | - Martin Fray
- MRC Mammalian Genetics Unit, Harwell, Didcot, OX11 0RD, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Robert J. Harvey
- Department of Pharmacology, The School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Zoltán Molnár
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QX, UK
| | - Maria C. Piñon
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QX, UK
| | - Neil Dear
- MRC Mammalian Genetics Unit, Harwell, Didcot, OX11 0RD, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - William Valdar
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Steve D.M. Brown
- MRC Mammalian Genetics Unit, Harwell, Didcot, OX11 0RD, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Kay E. Davies
- MRC Functional Genetics Unit, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QX, UK
| | - J. Nicholas P. Rawlins
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3UD, UK
| | - Nicholas J. Cowan
- Department of Biochemistry, New York University Medical Center, New York, NY10016, USA
| | - Patrick Nolan
- MRC Mammalian Genetics Unit, Harwell, Didcot, OX11 0RD, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Jamel Chelly
- Institut Cochin, INSERM Unité 567, CNRS UMR 8104, Université René Descartes – Paris 5, Faculté de Médecine René Descartes, Paris, F-75014, France
| | - Jonathan Flint
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
- Corresponding author
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20
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Alagramam KN, Brown SD, Davis RR, Johnson KR, Macauley JB, Zheng QY, Zuo J. Special issue: Mouse models for hearing research. Brain Res 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2006.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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21
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Traczewski MM, Brown SD. In vitro activity of doripenem against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Burkholderia cepacia isolates from both cystic fibrosis and non-cystic fibrosis patients. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2006; 50:819-21. [PMID: 16436756 PMCID: PMC1366868 DOI: 10.1128/aac.50.2.819-821.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The in vitro activities of doripenem, imipenem, levofloxacin, piperacillin, ceftazidime, aztreonam, tobramycin, and cefepime were determined for 160 isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (82 from cystic fibrosis [CF] patients) and 34 isolates of Burkholderia cepacia. Doripenem MIC90s were lower than those of all other comparative agents against all isolates combined and against all P. aeruginosa isolates. Doripenem was as active as levofloxacin and 2- to 32-fold more active than the other comparative agents against B. cepacia.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Traczewski
- The Clinical Microbiology Institute, Inc., Wilsonville, OR 97070, USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- S D Brown
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, St. Mary's Hospital Medical School, London, UK
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23
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Bouchenoire L, Brown SD, Thompson P, Duffy JA, Taylor JW, Cooper MJ. Performance of phase plates on the XMaS beamline at the ESRF. J Synchrotron Radiat 2003; 10:172-176. [PMID: 12606796 DOI: 10.1107/s0909049502018654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2002] [Accepted: 10/10/2002] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Two phase plates, a 0.78 mm-thick natural diamond and a 0.3 mm-thick synthetic diamond, were used to convert linearly polarized X-rays into a circularly polarized beam, to cover an energy range of 3-9 keV. The performance of these plates followed theoretical predictions as indicated by polarization analyses and X-ray magnetic circular dichroism measurements. The use of the device is illustrated by resonant magnetic reflectivity measurements on UAs/Co multilayers.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Bouchenoire
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK.
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24
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Barry AL, Pfaller MA, Rennie RP, Fuchs PC, Brown SD. Precision and accuracy of fluconazole susceptibility testing by broth microdilution, Etest, and disk diffusion methods. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2002; 46:1781-4. [PMID: 12019090 PMCID: PMC127270 DOI: 10.1128/aac.46.6.1781-1784.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Interpretive agreements among the results of fluconazole broth microdilution tests, Etests, and disk diffusion tests were documented by evaluating 495 Candida spp. Microdilution reference test results were in agreement with 96% of the Etest results; most discrepancies were minor differences. Fluconazole resistance of Candida krusei strains often required a full 48 h of incubation in order to be observed by the standard method. For the disk diffusion tests that were performed on Mueller-Hinton agar with glucose and methylene blue, 97% of results were in agreement with those of the reference test, especially when zones of inhibition were measured after the first 24 h of incubation. Some Candida glabrata isolates failed to grow satisfactorily until a full 48 h of incubation was completed. Precision was determined by testing 50 selected isolates in triplicate in each of three laboratories. The reproducibility of results of disk diffusion tests was comparable to that of the reference method. With all procedures, determination of test results was particularly challenging with some strains, and new methods are needed in order to improve endpoint definition.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Barry
- The Clinical Microbiology Institute, Wilsonville, Oregon 97070, USA.
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25
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Kiernan AE, Erven A, Voegeling S, Peters J, Nolan P, Hunter J, Bacon Y, Steel KP, Brown SD, Guénet JL. ENU mutagenesis reveals a highly mutable locus on mouse Chromosome 4 that affects ear morphogenesis. Mamm Genome 2002. [DOI: 10.1007/s0033501-2088-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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26
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Flygare JA, Sutherlin DP, Brown SD. Combinatorial chemistry in steroid receptor drug discovery. Methods Mol Biol 2002; 176:353-8. [PMID: 11554335 DOI: 10.1385/1-59259-115-9:353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Hayes C, Rump A, Cadman MR, Harrison M, Evans EP, Lyon MF, Morriss-Kay GM, Rosenthal A, Brown SD. A high-resolution genetic, physical, and comparative gene map of the doublefoot (Dbf) region of mouse chromosome 1 and the region of conserved synteny on human chromosome 2q35. Genomics 2001; 78:197-205. [PMID: 11735226 DOI: 10.1006/geno.2001.6657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The mouse doublefoot (Dbf) mutant exhibits preaxial polydactyly in association with craniofacial defects. This mutation has previously been mapped to mouse chromosome 1. We have used a positional cloning strategy, coupled with a comparative sequencing approach using available human draft sequence, to identify putative candidates for the Dbf gene in the mouse and in homologous human region. We have constructed a high-resolution genetic map of the region, localizing the mutation to a 0.4-cM (+/-0.0061) interval on mouse chromosome 1. Furthermore, we have constructed contiguous BAC/PAC clone maps across the mouse and human Dbf region. Using existing markers and additional sequence tagged sites, which we have generated, we have anchored the physical map to the genetic map. Through the comparative sequencing of these clones we have identified 35 genes within this interval, indicating that the region is gene-rich. From this we have identified several genes that are known to be differentially expressed in the developing mid-gestation mouse embryo, some in the developing embryonic limb buds. These genes include those encoding known developmental signaling molecules such as WNT proteins and IHH, and we provide evidence that these genes are candidates for the Dbf mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Hayes
- Medical Research Council, Mammalian Genetics Unit and UK Mouse Genome Centre, Harwell, Didcot, Oxon., OX11 0RD, UK.
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28
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Brown SD, Bouchenoire L, Bowyer D, Kervin J, Laundy D, Longfield MJ, Mannix D, Paul DF, Stunault A, Thompson P, Cooper MJ, Lucas CA, Stirling WG. The XMaS beamline at ESRF: instrumental developments and high-resolution diffraction studies. J Synchrotron Radiat 2001; 8:1172-1181. [PMID: 11679768 DOI: 10.1107/s0909049501015394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2001] [Accepted: 09/15/2001] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The beamline, which is situated on a bending magnet at ESRF, comprises a unique combination of instrumentation for high-resolution and magnetic single-crystal diffraction. White-beam operation is possible, as well as focused and unfocused monochromatic modes. In addition to an eleven-axis Huber diffractometer, which facilitates simple operation in both vertical and horizontal scattering geometries, there is an in-vacuum polarization analyser and slit system, mirrors for harmonic rejection, sub 4.2 K and 1 Tesla magnetic field sample environment, plus a diamond phase plate for polarization conditioning. The instrumentation developed specifically for this beamline is described, and its use illustrated by recent scientific results.
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Affiliation(s)
- S D Brown
- Department of Physics, University of Liverpool, Oxford Street, Liverpool L69 7ZE, UK
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29
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Hudson TJ, Church DM, Greenaway S, Nguyen H, Cook A, Steen RG, Van Etten WJ, Castle AB, Strivens MA, Trickett P, Heuston C, Davison C, Southwell A, Hardisty R, Varela-Carver A, Haynes AR, Rodriguez-Tome P, Doi H, Ko MS, Pontius J, Schriml L, Wagner L, Maglott D, Brown SD, Lander ES, Schuler G, Denny P. A radiation hybrid map of mouse genes. Nat Genet 2001; 29:201-5. [PMID: 11586302 DOI: 10.1038/ng1001-201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
A comprehensive gene-based map of a genome is a powerful tool for genetic studies and is especially useful for the positional cloning and positional candidate approaches. The availability of gene maps for multiple organisms provides the foundation for detailed conserved-orthology maps showing the correspondence between conserved genomic segments. These maps make it possible to use cross-species information in gene hunts and shed light on the evolutionary forces that shape the genome. Here we report a radiation hybrid map of mouse genes, a combined project of the Whitehead Institute/Massachusetts Institute of Technology Center for Genome Research, the Medical Research Council UK Mouse Genome Centre, and the National Center for Biotechnology Information. The map contains 11,109 genes, screened against the T31 RH panel and positioned relative to a reference map containing 2,280 mouse genetic markers. It includes 3,658 genes homologous to the human genome sequence and provides a framework for overlaying the human genome sequence to the mouse and for sequencing the mouse genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- T J Hudson
- Center for Genome Research, Whitehead Institute/Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
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30
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Abstract
The in vitro activities of ABT-773, azithromycin, erythromycin, and clindamycin were compared by testing 1,223 clinical isolates selected to represent different species and phenotypes. ABT-773 was particularly potent against staphylococci (the MIC at which 90% of the strains tested were inhibited [MIC(90)] was < or =0.06 microg/ml), including all strains that were macrolide resistant but clindamycin susceptible. Streptococcus pneumoniae and other streptococci were inhibited by low concentrations of ABT-773, and that included most erythromycin-resistant strains. Against Haemophilus influenzae, ABT-773 and azithromycin were similar in their antibacterial potency (MIC(90), 4.0 and 2.0 microg/ml, respectively).
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Barry
- The Clinical Microbiology Institute, 9725 S.W. Commerce Circle, Wilsonville, OR 97070, USA.
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31
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Fuchs PC, Barry AL, Brown SD. Evaluation of daptomycin susceptibility testing by Etest and the effect of different batches of media. J Antimicrob Chemother 2001; 48:557-61. [PMID: 11581238 DOI: 10.1093/jac/48.4.557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
One hundred and ninety-five Gram-positive bacteria representing 17 species were tested for susceptibility to daptomycin by broth microdilution and Etest methods. The geometric mean daptomycin MIC was 0.46 mg/L by broth microdilution tests and 0.73 mg/L by Etest. The concentration of calcium in 12 different batches of agar varied from 4 to 36 mg/L. Daptomycin Etest MICs varied inversely with the calcium concentration. Etest daptomycin MICs for quality control strains were within proposed quality control range on media with >20 mg/L of calcium. Monitoring the calcium levels of agar media by testing appropriate quality control strains is important for daptomycin Etests.
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Affiliation(s)
- P C Fuchs
- The Clinical Microbiology Institute, 9725 SW Commerce Circle, Suite A-1, Wilsonville, OR 97070, USA.
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32
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Abstract
The ligands bis(8-quinolinyl)amine (BQAH, 1), (2-pyridin-2-yl-ethyl)-(8-quinolinyl)amine (2-pyridin-2-yl-ethyl-QAH, 2), o-dimethylaminophenyl(8-quinolinyl)amine (o-(NMe2)Ph-QAH, 3), and 3,5-dimethylphenyl(8-quinolinyl)amine (3,5-Me2Ph-QAH, 4) have been prepared in high yield from aryl halide and amine precursors by palladium-catalyzed coupling reactions. Deprotonation of 1 with nBuLi in toluene affords the lithium amide complex [Li][BQA] (5), whose dimeric solid-state crystal structure is presented. Lithium amide 5 was transmetalated by TlOTf to afford the thallium(I) amido complex [Tl][BQA] (6). An X-ray structural study of 6 shows it to be a 1:1 complex of the BQA ligand and Tl. Entry into the group 10 chemistry of the parent ligand 1 was effected by both protolytic and metathetical strategies. Thus, the divalent chloride complexes (BQA)PtCl (7), (BQA)PdCl (8), and (BQA)NiCl (9) were prepared and fully characterized. An X-ray structural study for each of these three complexes shows them to be well-defined, square-planar complexes in which the auxiliary BQA ligand binds in a planar, eta(3)-fashion. For comparison, the reactivity of ligands 2-4 with (COD)PtCl2 was studied. While reaction with ligand 2 afforded an ill-defined product mixture, ligands 3 and 4 reacted with (COD)PtCl2 to generate the unusual alkyl complexes (o-(NMe2)Ph-QA)Pt(1,2-eta(2)-6-sigma-cycloocta-1,4-dienyl) (10) and (3,5-Me2Ph-QA)Pt(1,2-eta(2)-6-sigma-cycloocta-1,4-dienyl) (11), both of which have been structurally characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Peters
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Arnold and Mabel Beckman Laboratories of Chemical Synthesis, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA.
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Fuchs PC, Barry AL, Brown SD. In vitro activities of ertapenem (MK-0826) against clinical bacterial isolates from 11 North American medical centers. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2001; 45:1915-8. [PMID: 11353653 PMCID: PMC90573 DOI: 10.1128/aac.45.6.1915-1918.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study compared the in vitro activities of the new long-half-life carbapenem ertapenem (also known as MK-0826 and L-749,345) with those of imipenem, amoxicillin-clavulanate, and ciprofloxacin against 5,558 recent clinical isolates from 11 North American medical centers. We confirmed the greater activity of ertapenem than of imipenem against the Enterobacteriaceae and the greater activity of imipenem against pseudomonads and gram-positive bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- P C Fuchs
- The Clinical Microbiology Institute, Wilsonville, Oregon 97070, USA.
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Abstract
In vitro susceptibility tests were performed to document the inhibitory activities of three nonfluorinated quinolone (NFQ) compounds (PGE 9262932, PGE 9509924, and PGE 4175997) compared to those of ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, and trovafloxacin against 3,030 bacterial isolates. The spectra of the NFQ agents included most gram-positive species as well as quinolone-susceptible Enterobacteriaceae. Ciprofloxacin-resistant, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains were inhibited by the NFQ series at < or =1.0 microg/ml. The NFQ compounds were not very active against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and most other nonfermentative gram-negative bacilli. Against other species, the potency of the NFQ agents was similar to that of trovafloxacin. Continued investigation of the NFQ compounds seems to be warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Barry
- The Clinical Microbiology Institute, Wilsonville, Oregon 97070, USA.
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Barry AL, Fuchs PC, Brown SD. In vitro activities of daptomycin against 2,789 clinical isolates from 11 North American medical centers. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2001; 45:1919-22. [PMID: 11353654 PMCID: PMC90574 DOI: 10.1128/aac.45.6.1919-1922.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The in vitro activity of daptomycin is affected by the concentration of calcium cations in the test medium. Mueller-Hinton broth is currently adjusted to contain 10 to 12.5 mg of magnesium per liter and 20 to 25 mg of calcium per liter, but for testing of daptomycin, greater concentrations of calcium (50 mg/liter) are recommended to better resemble the normal concentration of ionized calcium in human serum. Two levels of calcium were used for broth microdilution tests of 2,789 recent clinical isolates of gram-positive bacterial pathogens. MICs of daptomycin were two- to fourfold lower when the broth contained additional calcium. For most species, however, the percentages of strains that were inhibited by 2.0 microg of daptomycin per ml were essentially identical with the two broth media. Enterococci were the important exception; i.e., 92% were inhibited when tested in calcium-supplemented broth but only 35% were inhibited by 2.0 microg/ml without the additional calcium. This type of information should be considered when selecting criteria for defining in vitro susceptibility to daptomycin.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Barry
- The Clinical Microbiology Institute, Wilsonville, Oregon 97070, USA.
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36
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Arkell RM, Cadman M, Marsland T, Southwell A, Thaung C, Davies JR, Clay T, Beechey CV, Evans EP, Strivens MA, Brown SD, Denny P. Genetic, physical, and phenotypic characterization of the Del(13)Svea36H mouse. Mamm Genome 2001; 12:687-94. [PMID: 11641716 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-001-2066-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/07/2001] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The Del(13)Svea36H deletion was recovered from a radiation mutagenesis experiment and represents a valuable resource for investigating gene content and function at this region of mouse Chromosome (Chr) 13 and human Chr 6p21.3-23 and 6p25. In this paper we examine the physical extent of chromosome loss and construct an integrated genetic and radiation hybrid map of the deleted segment. We show that embryos which are homozygous for the deletion die at or before implantation and that heterozygotes are subviable, with a substantial proportion of carriers dying after mid-gestation but before weaning. The majority of viable carriers exhibit a variety of phenotypes including decreased size, eyes open at birth, corneal opacity, tail kinks, and craniofacial abnormalities. Both the heterozygous viability and the penetrance of the visible phenotypes vary with genetic background.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Arkell
- MRC UK Mouse Genome Centre & Mammalian Genetics Unit Harwell, Oxon, OX11 0RD, UK
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Fuchs PC, Barry AL, Brown SD. Interactions of quinupristin-dalfopristin with eight other antibiotics as measured by time-kill studies with 10 strains of Staphylococcus aureus for which quinupristin-dalfopristin alone was not bactericidal. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2001; 45:2662-5. [PMID: 11502549 PMCID: PMC90712 DOI: 10.1128/aac.45.9.2662-2665.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Quinupristin-dalfopristin (Q-D) and eight other antimicrobial agents were tested alone and in combination with Q-D in time-kill studies against 10 strains of macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Although Q-D is normally a bactericidal drug, it was only bacteriostatic for these isolates. Gentamicin alone was bactericidal against 7 of the 10 strains, and Q-D did not alter that killing effect. However, when vancomycin, cefepime, ceftazidime, imipenem, piperacillin-tazobactam, and ciprofloxacin were bactericidal when tested alone, the killing rates were reduced when combined with Q-D. The clinical significance of this in vitro antagonism is unknown at this time, and more studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- P C Fuchs
- The Clinical Microbiology Institute, Wilsonville, Oregon 97070, USA
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38
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Liu X, Oliver F, Brown SD, Denny P, Keightley PD. High-resolution quantitative trait locus mapping for body weight in mice by recombinant progeny testing. Genet Res (Camb) 2001; 77:191-7. [PMID: 11355574 DOI: 10.1017/s0016672301004943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
A major obstacle to the positional cloning of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) lies in resolving genetic factors whose allelic effects are blurred by environmental and background genetic variation. We investigate a fine-mapping approach that combines the use of an interval-specific congenic strain with progeny testing of recombinants for markers flanking a QTL. We apply the approach to map a murine QTL with an approximately 20% effect on growth rate by progeny testing 39 recombinants in a 12 cM region of the X chromosome. We use a likelihood analysis in an attempt to maximize the information on QTL map location and effect. The major X-linked effect is mapped to an approximately 2 cM region flanked by markers about 5 cM apart, outside which LOD support for the QTL drops extremely steeply by about 80. Nearly unambiguous assignment of the QTL genotypic state is obtained for each recombinant. The resolution of individual recombinants in the region is therefore sufficiently high to facilitate the positional cloning of the locus, although progress has been hampered because the genomic region containing the QTL shows an exceptionally low level of polymorphism in comparison with recent studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Liu
- Institute of Cell, Animal and Population Biology, University of Edinburgh, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, UK
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Barry AL, Fuchs PC, Brown SD. Interpretative criteria and quality control parameters for telithromycin disc diffusion susceptibility tests. J Antimicrob Chemother 2001; 48:121-5. [PMID: 11418522 DOI: 10.1093/jac/48.1.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In vitro studies were carried out with 4175 Gram-positive clinical isolates, comparing telithromycin broth microdilution MICs with disc diffusion zone diameters. Provisional interpretive criteria for testing staphylococci were > or =23 mm for susceptible and < or =19 mm for resistant. Because pneumococci and other streptococci require increased CO(2), the corresponding zone sizes are 3 mm smaller (> or =20 mm and < or =16 mm). Two collaborative studies were performed in order to propose the following quality control limits: 24-30 mm for Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 and 27-33 mm for Streptococcus pneumoniae ATCC 49619.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Barry
- The Clinical Microbiology Institute, 9725 SW Commerce Circle, Wilsonville, OR 97070, USA.
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Fuchs PC, Barry AL, Brown SD. Comparative in vitro antimicrobial activity of a new carbapenem, E1010, and tentative disc diffusion test interpretative criteria. J Antimicrob Chemother 2001; 48:23-8. [PMID: 11418509 DOI: 10.1093/jac/48.1.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The susceptibility of 705 bacterial isolates representing 46 different species to E1010 (ER-35786), imipenem, meropenem and cefepime was determined by the NCCLS broth microdilution test. The MIC(90)s for E1010 were < or =1.0 mg/L for Enterobacteriaceae, fastidious Gram-negative bacteria, streptococci and anaerobes. E1010 was two- to four-fold more active than imipenem and meropenem against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and four-fold more active than the other carbapenems against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Vancomycin-resistant enterococci and most Enterococcus faecium were resistant to all four drugs tested. The NCCLS disc diffusion test was performed simultaneously on the non-fastidious organisms. Assuming the MIC breakpoints for E1010 will be the same as for the other carbapenems, the disc diffusion zone diameter breakpoints of imipenem and meropenem would also be applicable to E1010.
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Affiliation(s)
- P C Fuchs
- The Clinical Microbiology Institute, 9725 SW Commerce Circle, Wilsonville, OR 97070, USA.
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Barry AL, Fuchs PC, Brown SD. Relative potency of telithromycin, azithromycin and erythromycin against recent clinical isolates of gram-positive cocci. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2001; 20:494-7. [PMID: 11561807 DOI: 10.1007/s100960100532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
A ketolide (telithromycin), an azalide (azithromycin) and a macrolide (erythromycin) were tested against 2,733 isolates of gram-positive cocci gathered from 11 different medical centers. Telithromycin was active against erythromycin-resistant staphylococci that were susceptible to clindamycin but was not active against those that were resistant to clindamycin. More than 99% of all Streptococcus pneumoniae and Streptococcus pyogenes isolates were susceptible to 1 microg/ml of telithromycin including erythromycin- and azithromycin-resistant strains. Telithromycin was not only more potent than azithromycin against macrolide-susceptible strains, it was also active against most macrolide-resistant strains. Although the prevalence of macrolide-resistant pneumococci increased from 19% to 27% between 1997 and 1999, macrolide resistance among other gram-positive cocci did not change substantially in that 2-year period.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Barry
- The Clinical Microbiology Institute, Wilsonville, OR 97070, USA.
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Abstract
A major challenge in post-genomics is the systematic determination of mammalian gene function. A variety of mouse mutagenesis technologies, both gene- and phenotype-driven, are being used to underpin systematic and comprehensive approaches to mammalian gene function studies. Recently, a number of centres have completed large-scale ENU mutagenesis programmes that employ a phenotype-driven approach to the generation of mouse mutants. The use of ENU mutagenesis represents a powerful and efficient approach to mammalian gene-function studies, but many parallel developments are needed in downstream technologies to properly harness the new enlarged mouse-mutant resources that are being created.
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Affiliation(s)
- S D Brown
- MRC Mammalian Genetics Unit and UK Mouse Genome Centre, OX11 ORD, Harwell, UK.
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Barry AL, Fuchs PC, Brown SD. Identification of beta-lactamase-negative, ampicillin-resistant strains of Haemophilus influenzae with four methods and eight media. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2001; 45:1585-8. [PMID: 11302835 PMCID: PMC90513 DOI: 10.1128/aac.45.5.1585-1588.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A challenge set of 143 non-beta-lactamase-producing strains of Haemophilus influenzae was tested for ampicillin susceptibility on two broth media and six agar media, using broth microdilution, agar dilution, disk diffusion, and E-test procedures. When beta-lactamase-negative, ampicillin-resistant (BLNAR) strains were defined as those for which the ampicillin MIC was > or = 4.0 microg/ml, 5 to 44% of our selected strains were BLNAR depending on the medium and/or test method used. If nonsusceptible strains for which ampicillin MICs were intermediate were included in the BLNAR category, 32 to 50% of our isolates would be considered BLNAR. These data emphasize the need for a standardized testing procedure and a universal definition of BLNAR strains before the clinical relevance of such strains can be evaluated. NCCLS dilution tests with haemophilus test medium broth or agar are preferred for testing ampicillin against H. influenzae.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Barry
- The Clinical Microbiology Institute, Wilsonville, Oregon 97070, USA.
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Brown SD, Landry FJ. Recognizing, reporting, and reducing adverse drug reactions. South Med J 2001; 94:370-3. [PMID: 11332899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are underreported and consequently are an underestimated cause of morbidity and mortality. Recent epidemiologic evidence estimates that ADRs represent the fourth to the sixth leading cause of death. Public awareness is increasing as reports of ADRs and medication errors become more prevalent in the lay press. Reducing the number of ADRs can be accomplished by systems changes made at an individual and national level. At the individual level, increased diligence should be used with regard to reporting and documenting ADRs. At the national level, ADRs can be reduced by expanding the role of the arm of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) responsible for postmarketing surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- S D Brown
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine, and Fletcher Allen Health Care, Burlington, USA
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45
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Twells RC, Metzker ML, Brown SD, Cox R, Garey C, Hammond H, Hey PJ, Levy E, Nakagawa Y, Philips MS, Todd JA, Hess JF. The sequence and gene characterization of a 400-kb candidate region for IDDM4 on chromosome 11q13. Genomics 2001; 72:231-42. [PMID: 11401438 DOI: 10.1006/geno.2000.6492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes is a complex disorder with interaction of both genetic and environmental factors. One of the loci, IDDM4, has been mapped to chromosome 11q13, with evidence of association to two markers, D11S1917 and H0570polyA. To identify putative candidate genes for IDDM4, we have constructed a 400-kb clone contig in this region and sequenced the clones. We have also sequenced the orthologous DNA from mouse. Previously, we identified a cDNA for the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5 gene (LRP5) 3 kb distal to H0570polyA. We have now determined the exon-intron structure of this gene. Detailed sequence analysis has identified a further three genes in this region: the CGI-85 gene (previously identified by W.-C. Lin) and two novel genes, C11orf24 and C11orf23. The C11orf24 gene has no known similarity to other genes, and its function is unknown. C11orf23 has similarity to the SIT4 (sporulation-induced transcript 4)-associated protein (SAP) family of yeast proteins, which are involved in regulation of the cell cycle. The full-length C11orf23 cDNA is the first mammalian orthologue of the yeast SAP family to be identified. Identification of these four genes in a 400-kb region of the IDDM4 region underpins our strategy to identify the IDDM4 locus.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Base Sequence
- Blotting, Northern
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11/genetics
- DNA/chemistry
- DNA/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/genetics
- Exons
- Female
- Gene Expression
- Genes/genetics
- Humans
- Introns
- LDL-Receptor Related Proteins
- Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein-5
- Male
- Membrane Proteins/genetics
- Microsatellite Repeats
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Phosphoprotein Phosphatases
- Physical Chromosome Mapping
- Protein Isoforms/genetics
- Proteins/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Receptors, LDL/genetics
- Sequence Alignment
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
- Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
- Tissue Distribution
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Affiliation(s)
- R C Twells
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Molecular Mechanisms in Disease, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
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Brown SD. Mutagenesis and genomics in the mouse: towards systematic studies of mammalian gene function. Novartis Found Symp 2001; 229:71-4; discussion 74-8. [PMID: 11084931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S D Brown
- UK Mouse Genome Centre, Harwell, Oxfordshire, UK
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Tsai H, Hardisty RE, Rhodes C, Kiernan AE, Roby P, Tymowska-Lalanne Z, Mburu P, Rastan S, Hunter AJ, Brown SD, Steel KP. The mouse slalom mutant demonstrates a role for Jagged1 in neuroepithelial patterning in the organ of Corti. Hum Mol Genet 2001; 10:507-12. [PMID: 11181574 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/10.5.507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Notch signalling pathway has recently been implicated in the development and patterning of the sensory epithelium in the cochlea, the organ of Corti. As part of an ongoing large-scale mutagenesis programme to identify new deaf or vestibular mouse mutants, we have identified a novel mouse mutant, slalom, which shows abnormalities in the patterning of hair cells in the organ of Corti and missing ampullae, structures that house the sensory epithelia of the semicircular canals. We show that the slalom mutant carries a mutation in the Jagged1 gene, implicating a new ligand in the signalling processes that pattern the inner ear neuro-epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Tsai
- MRC Mammalian Genetics Unit and Mouse Genome Centre, Harwell, Oxon OX11 ORD, UK
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Abstract
Myosin VIIA is a motor molecule with a conserved head domain and tail region unique to myosin VIIA, which probably defines its unique function in vivo. In an attempt to further characterize myosin VIIA function we set out to identify molecule(s) that specifically associate with it. We demonstrate that 17 and 55 kDa proteins from mouse kidney and cochlea co-purify with myosin VIIA on affinity columns carrying immobilized anti-myosin VIIA antibody. N-terminal sequencing and immunoblotting analysis identified the 17 kDa protein as calmodulin, whereas MS and immunoblotting analysis identified the 55 kDa protein as microtubule-associated protein-2B (MAP-2B). Myosin VIIA can also be co-immunoprecipitated from kidney homogenate using anti-calmodulin or anti-MAP2 (recognizing isoforms 2A and 2B) antibodies, confirming the strong association between calmodulin and myosin VIIA and between MAP-2B and myosin VIIA. Myosin VIIA binds to calmodulin with an apparent K(d) of 10(-9) M. Scatchard analysis of the binding of myosin VIIA to MAP-2B provided evidence for two binding sites, with K(d) values of 10(-10) and 10(-9) M, which have been mapped to medial and C-terminal tail domains of myosin VIIA. The characterization of the interaction of calmodulin and MAP-2B with myosin VIIA provides new insights into the function of myosin VIIA.
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Affiliation(s)
- P T Todorov
- MRC Mammalian Genetics Unit and UK Mouse Genome Centre, Harwell OX11 0RD, U.K
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Nadeau JH, Balling R, Barsh G, Beier D, Brown SD, Bucan M, Camper S, Carlson G, Copeland N, Eppig J, Fletcher C, Frankel WN, Ganten D, Goldowitz D, Goodnow C, Guenet JL, Hicks G, Hrabe de Angelis M, Jackson I, Jacob HJ, Jenkins N, Johnson D, Justice M, Kay S, Kingsley D, Lehrach H, Magnuson T, Meisler M, Poustka A, Rinchik EM, Rossant J, Russell LB, Schimenti J, Shiroishi T, Skarnes WC, Soriano P, Stanford W, Takahashi JS, Wurst W, Zimmer A. Sequence interpretation. Functional annotation of mouse genome sequences. Science 2001; 291:1251-5. [PMID: 11233449 DOI: 10.1126/science.1058244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J H Nadeau
- Department of Genetics, BRB 624, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
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50
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Fuchs PC, Barry AL, Brown SD, Traczewski MM. Quality control parameters for cefditoren susceptibility tests. Clin Microbiol Infect 2001; 7:93-5. [PMID: 11298151 DOI: 10.1046/j.1469-0691.2001.00211.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P C Fuchs
- The Clinical Microbiology Institute, 9725 SW Commerce Circle, Wilsonville, OR 97070, USA.
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