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Cox R, Annetts S, Carrier J. MSK aggravations to sun salutations – Managing chronic MSK pain with yoga therapy. A qualitative systematic review. Physiotherapy 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physio.2021.10.194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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2
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Cox R, Roche E. Gastrointestinal: Inflammatory bowel disease therapy-induced triple-hit lymphoma. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 35:1856. [PMID: 32424816 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.15083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R Cox
- The Townsville University Hospital, Douglas, Queensland, Australia
| | - E Roche
- The Townsville University Hospital, Douglas, Queensland, Australia
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3
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Cox R. EXPOSURE TO INCARCERATION AND COGNITIVE FUNCTIONING IN MIDDLE AGED MEN. Innov Aging 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igy023.1680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- R Cox
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States
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4
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Schapiro AC, Bayda M, Cho E, Cox R, Stickgold R. 0109 Generalization In An Object Category Learning Paradigm Is Better In The Morning Than The Evening. Sleep 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsy061.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A C Schapiro
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center / Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - M Bayda
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center / Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - E Cho
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center / Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - R Cox
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center / Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - R Stickgold
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center / Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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Meimaridou E, Goldsworthy M, Chortis V, Fragouli E, Foster PA, Arlt W, Cox R, Metherell LA. NNT is a key regulator of adrenal redox homeostasis and steroidogenesis in male mice. J Endocrinol 2018; 236:13-28. [PMID: 29046340 PMCID: PMC5744559 DOI: 10.1530/joe-16-0638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase, NNT, is a ubiquitous protein of the inner mitochondrial membrane with a key role in mitochondrial redox balance. NNT produces high concentrations of NADPH for detoxification of reactive oxygen species by glutathione and thioredoxin pathways. In humans, NNT dysfunction leads to an adrenal-specific disorder, glucocorticoid deficiency. Certain substrains of C57BL/6 mice contain a spontaneously occurring inactivating Nnt mutation and display glucocorticoid deficiency along with glucose intolerance and reduced insulin secretion. To understand the underlying mechanism(s) behind the glucocorticoid deficiency, we performed comprehensive RNA-seq on adrenals from wild-type (C57BL/6N), mutant (C57BL/6J) and BAC transgenic mice overexpressing Nnt (C57BL/6JBAC). The following results were obtained. Our data suggest that Nnt deletion (or overexpression) reduces adrenal steroidogenic output by decreasing the expression of crucial, mitochondrial antioxidant (Prdx3 and Txnrd2) and steroidogenic (Cyp11a1) enzymes. Pathway analysis also revealed upregulation of heat shock protein machinery and haemoglobins possibly in response to the oxidative stress initiated by NNT ablation. In conclusion, using transcriptomic profiling in adrenals from three mouse models, we showed that disturbances in adrenal redox homeostasis are mediated not only by under expression of NNT but also by its overexpression. Further, we demonstrated that both under expression or overexpression of NNT reduced corticosterone output implying a central role for it in the control of steroidogenesis. This is likely due to a reduction in the expression of a key steroidogenic enzyme, Cyp11a1, which mirrored the reduction in corticosterone output.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Meimaridou
- Centre for EndocrinologyWilliam Harvey Research Institute, John Vane Science Centre, Queen Mary, University of London, London, UK
| | - M Goldsworthy
- MRC Harwell InstituteGenetics of Type 2 Diabetes, Mammalian Genetics Unit, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - V Chortis
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems ResearchUniversity of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Centre for EndocrinologyDiabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, UK
| | - E Fragouli
- Centre for EndocrinologyWilliam Harvey Research Institute, John Vane Science Centre, Queen Mary, University of London, London, UK
| | - P A Foster
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems ResearchUniversity of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Centre for EndocrinologyDiabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, UK
| | - W Arlt
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems ResearchUniversity of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Centre for EndocrinologyDiabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, UK
| | - R Cox
- MRC Harwell InstituteGenetics of Type 2 Diabetes, Mammalian Genetics Unit, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - L A Metherell
- Centre for EndocrinologyWilliam Harvey Research Institute, John Vane Science Centre, Queen Mary, University of London, London, UK
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6
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Juckel J, Zeltwanger J, Dicostanzo A, Cox R. Effects of Cattle Backgrounding Diets on Carcass Characteristics and Beef Quality. Meat and Muscle Biology 2018. [DOI: 10.22175/rmc2018.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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7
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Cox R, Groner ML, Todd CD, Gettinby G, Patanasatienkul T, Revie CW. Mate limitation in sea lice infesting wild salmon hosts: the influence of parasite sex ratio and aggregation. Ecosphere 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.2040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- R. Cox
- Department of Health Management; Atlantic Veterinary College; University of Prince Edward Island; Charlottetown Prince Edward Island C1A 4P3 Canada
| | - M. L. Groner
- Department of Health Management; Atlantic Veterinary College; University of Prince Edward Island; Charlottetown Prince Edward Island C1A 4P3 Canada
| | - C. D. Todd
- Scottish Oceans Institute; University of St. Andrews; St. Andrews KY16 8LB UK
| | - G. Gettinby
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics; University of Strathclyde; Glasgow G1 1XH UK
| | - T. Patanasatienkul
- Department of Health Management; Atlantic Veterinary College; University of Prince Edward Island; Charlottetown Prince Edward Island C1A 4P3 Canada
| | - C. W. Revie
- Department of Health Management; Atlantic Veterinary College; University of Prince Edward Island; Charlottetown Prince Edward Island C1A 4P3 Canada
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8
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Cox R, Roche E, Fairley S. Novel oral anticoagulant drugs and severe oesophagitis dissecans. Intern Med J 2017; 46:1456-1457. [PMID: 27981772 DOI: 10.1111/imj.13275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R Cox
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Townsville Hospital, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - E Roche
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Townsville Hospital, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - S Fairley
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Townsville Hospital, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
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9
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Sullivan K, Cox R. B-69Acute Rest and Activity Expectations in the Week Following Simulated Mild TBI: What do People Plan to Change? Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acx076.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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10
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Purcell SM, Manoach DS, Demanuele C, Cade BE, Mariani S, Cox R, Panagiotaropoulou G, Saxena R, Pan JQ, Smoller JW, Redline S, Stickgold R. Characterizing sleep spindles in 11,630 individuals from the National Sleep Research Resource. Nat Commun 2017. [PMID: 28649997 PMCID: PMC5490197 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep spindles are characteristic electroencephalogram (EEG) signatures of stage 2 non-rapid eye movement sleep. Implicated in sleep regulation and cognitive functioning, spindles may represent heritable biomarkers of neuropsychiatric disease. Here we characterize spindles in 11,630 individuals aged 4 to 97 years, as a prelude to future genetic studies. Spindle properties are highly reliable but exhibit distinct developmental trajectories. Across the night, we observe complex patterns of age- and frequency-dependent dynamics, including signatures of circadian modulation. We identify previously unappreciated correlates of spindle activity, including confounding by body mass index mediated by cardiac interference in the EEG. After taking account of these confounds, genetic factors significantly contribute to spindle and spectral sleep traits. Finally, we consider topographical differences and critical measurement issues. Taken together, our findings will lead to an increased understanding of the genetic architecture of sleep spindles and their relation to behavioural and health outcomes, including neuropsychiatric disorders. Sleep patterns vary and are associated with health and disease. Here Purcell et al characterize sleep spindle activity in 11,630 individuals and describe age-related changes, genetic influences, and possible confounding effects, serving as a resource for further understanding the physiology of sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Purcell
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - D S Manoach
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.,Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA
| | - C Demanuele
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.,Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA
| | - B E Cade
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - S Mariani
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - R Cox
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - G Panagiotaropoulou
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.,Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA
| | - R Saxena
- Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.,Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.,Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - J Q Pan
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - J W Smoller
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.,Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - S Redline
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - R Stickgold
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
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Seymour AS, Tarrant MR, Gerber BD, Sharp A, Woollam J, Cox R. Effects of El Niño on the population dynamics of the Malay civet east of the Wallace line. J Zool (1987) 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/jzo.12469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. S. Seymour
- University of the West of England; Bristol UK
- Operation Wallacea; Old Bolingbroke Lincolnshire UK
| | | | - B. D. Gerber
- Department of Fish, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology; Colorado State University; Fort Collins CO USA
| | - A. Sharp
- Operation Wallacea; Old Bolingbroke Lincolnshire UK
| | - J. Woollam
- Operation Wallacea; Old Bolingbroke Lincolnshire UK
| | - R. Cox
- Operation Wallacea; Old Bolingbroke Lincolnshire UK
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Panagiotaropoulou G, Cade B, Mariani S, Demanuale C, Cox R, Saxena R, Pan J, Smoller J, Stickgold R, Manoach D, Redline S, Purcell SM. 0001 GENOME-WIDE ANALYSES OF SLEEP SPINDLES IN THE NATIONAL SLEEP RESEARCH RESOURCE. Sleep 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/sleepj/zsx050.000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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13
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Cox R, van Bronkhorst M, Gomillion H, Schapiro A, Stickgold R. 0224 SLEEP SELECTIVELY ENHANCES ASSOCIATIVE ASPECTS OF EMOTIONAL MEMORIES. Sleep 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/sleepj/zsx050.223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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14
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Cox R, Welch C, Cameron D, Roche E. Gastrointestinal: Verrucous cell carcinoma (VCC) of the esophagus: A rare variant of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2017; 32:544. [PMID: 28320062 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.13513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R Cox
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Townsville Hospital, Douglas, Queensland, Australia
| | - C Welch
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Townsville Hospital, Douglas, Queensland, Australia
| | - D Cameron
- Department of General Surgery, The Townsville Hospital, Douglas, Queensland, Australia
| | - E Roche
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Townsville Hospital, Douglas, Queensland, Australia
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Wei C, Unsworth R, Davis N, Cox R, Bradley K, Stevens M, Crowne E. Survivors of childhood leukaemia treated with haematopoietic stem cell transplantation and total body irradiation should undergo screening for diabetes by oral glucose tolerance tests. Diabet Med 2016; 33:1347-51. [PMID: 26757409 DOI: 10.1111/dme.13060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Childhood cancer survivors treated with haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and total body irradiation are at an increased risk of developing diabetes early in life due to insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction, but the optimal screening method is unknown. The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence guidelines for community diabetes screening recommend using fasting glucose ≥ 7 mmol/l and/or HbA1c ≥ 48 mmol/mol (6.5%) for diagnosis and, fasting glucose 5.5-6.9 mmol/l or HbA1c 42-47 mmol/mol (6-6.5%) to indicate high risk. This study aimed to evaluate the sensitivities of fasting glucose and HbA1c in the diagnosis of diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance in childhood HSCT survivors. METHOD The patients were 35 (male = 19) HSCT survivors from a single UK centre under follow-up from 2006 to 2013. Patients had a median age (range) of 19.2 (13.1-26.2) years and had been treated for acute lymphoblastic (n = 31) or myeloid (n = 4) leukaemia when aged 7.8 (2.4-16.7) years. The outcome measures were oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), fasting glucose and HbA1c . RESULTS OGTT identified 6 patients with diabetes (120-min glucose ≥ 11.1 mmol/l), 12 with impaired glucose tolerance (120-min glucose 7.8-11.0 mmol/l) and 2 with impaired fasting glucose (≥ 7 mmol/l). Fasting glucose ≥ 7 mmol/l or HbA1c ≥ 48 mmol/mol identified two of the six patients with diabetes diagnosed on OGTT. Fasting glucose ≥ 5.5 mmol/l and HbA1c ≥ 42 mmol/mol identified three and two patients, respectively, with diabetes. Only 1 of 12 patients with impaired glucose tolerance had a fasting glucose ≥ 5.5 mmol/l and none had HbA1c ≥ 42 mmol/mol (≥ 6%). CONCLUSIONS The fasting glucose and HbA1c cut-offs used in UK population screening only identified one-third of HSCT survivors with diabetes and do not identify those at risk. Diabetes screening in HSCT survivors requires standard OGTTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Wei
- Bristol Royal Hospital for Children, Bristol, UK
| | - R Unsworth
- Bristol Royal Hospital for Children, Bristol, UK
| | - N Davis
- Bristol Royal Hospital for Children, Bristol, UK
| | - R Cox
- Bristol Royal Hospital for Children, Bristol, UK
| | - K Bradley
- Bristol Royal Hospital for Children, Bristol, UK
| | - M Stevens
- Bristol Royal Hospital for Children, Bristol, UK
| | - E Crowne
- Bristol Royal Hospital for Children, Bristol, UK.
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Sweegers CCG, Coleman GA, van Poppel EAM, Cox R, Talamini LM. Mental Schemas Hamper Memory Storage of Goal-Irrelevant Information. Front Hum Neurosci 2015; 9:629. [PMID: 26635582 PMCID: PMC4659923 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2015.00629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mental schemas exert top-down control on information processing, for instance by facilitating the storage of schema-related information. However, given capacity-limits and competition in neural network processing, schemas may additionally exert their effects by suppressing information with low momentary relevance. In particular, when existing schemas suffice to guide goal-directed behavior, this may actually reduce encoding of the redundant sensory input, in favor of gaining efficiency in task performance. The present experiment set out to test this schema-induced shallow encoding hypothesis. Our approach involved a memory task in which faces had to be coupled to homes. For half of the faces the responses could be guided by a pre-learned schema, for the other half of the faces such a schema was not available. Memory storage was compared between schema-congruent and schema-incongruent items. To characterize putative schema effects, memory was assessed both with regard to visual details and contextual aspects of each item. The depth of encoding was also assessed through an objective neural measure: the parietal old/new ERP effect. This ERP effect, observed between 500–800 ms post-stimulus onset, is thought to reflect the extent of recollection: the retrieval of a vivid memory, including various contextual details from the learning episode. We found that schema-congruency induced substantial impairments in item memory and even larger ones in context memory. Furthermore, the parietal old/new ERP effect indicated higher recollection for the schema-incongruent than the schema-congruent memories. The combined findings indicate that, when goals can be achieved using existing schemas, this can hinder the in-depth processing of novel input, impairing the formation of perceptually detailed and contextually rich memory traces. Taking into account both current and previous findings, we suggest that schemas can both positively and negatively bias the processing of sensory input. An important determinant in this matter is likely related to momentary goals, such that mental schemas facilitate memory processing of goal-relevant input, but suppress processing of goal-irrelevant information.
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Affiliation(s)
- C C G Sweegers
- Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - G A Coleman
- Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - E A M van Poppel
- Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - R Cox
- Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam Amsterdam, Netherlands ; Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Boston, MA, USA ; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School Boston, MA, USA
| | - L M Talamini
- Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Zbinden D, Pascual M, Lartey S, Pathirana R, Bredholt G, Hoschler K, Meylan P, Cox R, Manuel O. Cellular and Humoral Immune Responses to Influenza Vaccine in SOT Recipients After Thymoglobulin or Basiliximab Induction. Transplantation 2014. [DOI: 10.1097/00007890-201407151-02622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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18
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Cox R, McIntyre KM, Sanchez J, Setzkorn C, Baylis M, Revie CW. Comparison of the h-Index Scores Among Pathogens Identified as Emerging Hazards in North America. Transbound Emerg Dis 2014; 63:79-91. [PMID: 24735045 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Disease surveillance must assess the relative importance of pathogen hazards. Here, we use the Hirsch index (h-index) as a novel method to identify and rank infectious pathogens that are likely to be a hazard to human health in the North American region. This bibliometric index was developed to quantify an individual's scientific research output and was recently used as a proxy measure for pathogen impact. Analysis of more than 3000 infectious organisms indicated that 651 were human pathogen species that had been recorded in the North American region. The h-index of these pathogens ranged from 0 to 584. The h-index of emerging pathogens was greater than non-emerging pathogens as was the h-index of frequently pathogenic pathogens when compared to non-pathogenic pathogens. As expected, the h-index of pathogens varied over time between 1960 and 2011. We discuss how the h-index can contribute to pathogen prioritization and as an indicator of pathogen emergence.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Cox
- Centre for Veterinary Epidemiological Research, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, Canada
| | - K M McIntyre
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - J Sanchez
- Centre for Veterinary Epidemiological Research, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, Canada
| | - C Setzkorn
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - M Baylis
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - C W Revie
- Centre for Veterinary Epidemiological Research, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, Canada
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Abstract
Native plants attractive to beneficial insects may improve the value of buffer strips by increasing biodiversity and enhancing the delivery of insect-derived ecosystem services. In a 2-yr field experiment, we measured the response of insect communities across nine buffers that varied in plant diversity. We constructed buffers with plants commonly found in buffers of USDA-certified organic farms in Iowa (typically a single species), recommended for prairie reconstruction, or recommended for attracting beneficial insects. We hypothesized that the diversity and abundance of beneficial insects will be 1) greatest in buffers composed of diverse plant communities with continuous availability of floral resources, 2) intermediate in buffers with reduced species richness and availability of floral resources, and 3) lowest in buffers composed of a single species. We observed a significant positive relationship between the diversity and abundance of beneficial insects with plant community diversity and the number of flowers. More beneficial insects were collected in buffers composed of species selected for their attractiveness to beneficial insects than a community recommended for prairie restoration. These differences suggest 1) plant communities that dominate existing buffers are not optimal for attracting beneficial insects, 2) adding flowering perennial species could improve buffers as habitat for beneficial insects, 3) buffers can be optimized by intentionally combining the most attractive native species even at modest levels of plant diversity, and 4) plant communities recommended for prairie reconstruction may not contain the optimal species or density of the most attractive species necessary to support beneficial insects from multiple guilds.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Gill
- Department of Entomology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
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Groner ML, Cox R, Gettinby G, Revie CW. Use of agent-based modelling to predict benefits of cleaner fish in controlling sea lice, Lepeophtheirus salmonis, infestations on farmed Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L. J Fish Dis 2013; 36:195-208. [PMID: 23121261 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2012] [Revised: 09/07/2012] [Accepted: 09/11/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Sea lice, Lepeophtheirus salmonis, are ectoparasites of farmed and wild salmonids. Infestations can result in significant morbidity and mortality of hosts in addition to being costly to control. Integrated pest management programmes have been developed to manage infestations, and in some salmon farming areas, these programmes include the use of wrasse. Wrasse prey upon the parasitic life stages of L. salmonis and can be stocked on farms at varying densities. Despite considerable variation in the usage of wrasse, there are few quantitative estimates of how well they can control sea lice and how best to optimize their use. To explore at what densities wrasse should be stocked in order to meet specific control targets, we built an individual-based model that simulates sea lice infestation patterns on a representative salmonid host. Sea lice can be controlled through the use of chemical treatments as well as by wrasse predators. We found that the wrasse can effectively control sea lice, and the densities of wrasse needed for effective control depend upon the source of the infestation and the targeted level of control. Effective usage of wrasse can result in decreased use of chemical treatments and improved control of sea lice.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Groner
- Department of Health Management, Centre for Veterinary and Epidemiological Research, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, Canada.
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Skouteris H, Cox R, Huang T, Rutherford L, Edwards S, Cutter-Mackenzie A. Promoting obesity prevention together with environmental sustainability. Health Promot Int 2013; 29:454-62. [DOI: 10.1093/heapro/dat007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Bisikirska BC, Adam SJ, Alvarez MJ, Rajbhandari P, Cox R, Lefebvre C, Wang K, Rieckhof GE, Felsher DW, Califano A. STK38 is a critical upstream regulator of MYC's oncogenic activity in human B-cell lymphoma. Oncogene 2012. [PMID: 23178486 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2012.543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The MYC protooncogene is associated with the pathogenesis of most human neoplasia. Conversely, its experimental inactivation elicits oncogene addiction. Besides constituting a formidable therapeutic target, MYC also has an essential function in normal physiology, thus creating the need for context-specific targeting strategies. The analysis of post-translational MYC activity modulation yields novel targets for MYC inactivation. Specifically, following regulatory network analysis in human B-cells, we identify a novel role of the STK38 kinase as a regulator of MYC activity and a candidate target for abrogating tumorigenesis in MYC-addicted lymphoma. We found that STK38 regulates MYC protein stability and turnover in a kinase activity-dependent manner. STK38 kinase inactivation abrogates apoptosis following B-cell receptor activation, whereas its silencing significantly decreases MYC levels and increases apoptosis. Moreover, STK38 knockdown suppresses growth of MYC-addicted tumors in vivo, thus providing a novel viable target for treating these malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- B C Bisikirska
- Joint Centers for Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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Aljubran S, Cox R, Tamarapu Parthasarathy P, Kr G, Mohapatra S, Lockey R, Kolliputi N. Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2 induces Pulmonary Artery Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation and Migration. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2011.12.703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Button M, Caley A, Cox R, White C. 140 FDG positron emission tomography maximum standardised uptake value (SUVmax) has prognostic value in non-small cell lung cancer treated with radical radiotherapy. Lung Cancer 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s0169-5002(12)70141-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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26
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Vítek P, Edwards HGM, Jehlička J, Cox R. Evaluation of portable Raman instrumentation for identification of β-carotene and mellitic acid in two-component mixtures with halite. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2011; 80:32-35. [PMID: 21296611 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2011.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2010] [Revised: 12/17/2010] [Accepted: 01/06/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Recently, portable Raman instrumentation has been in demand for geosciences and for future planetary exploration for the identification of both organic and inorganic compounds in situ on Earth and on other planetary bodies, especially on Mars. Here we present the results of the analysis of halite/β-carotene and halite/mellitic acid mixtures, performed by miniaturized Raman instrumentation equipped with 785 and 1064 nm excitation. Various proportions of organics in the halite matrix were examined. The lowest concentration of β-carotene detected using the 785 nm laser was 1 mg kg(-1), with slightly better signals observed with shorter exposure times compared with the bench instrument using the same excitation wavelength. Mellitic acid was identified at the concentration level 10 g kg(-1). The 1064 nm excitation provided a lower sensitivity towards low concentration when compared with the 785 nm excitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Vítek
- Institute of Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Mineral Resources, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic.
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Kendall E, Muenchberger H, Catalano T, Amsters D, Dorsett P, Cox R. Developing core interprofessional competencies for community rehabilitation practitioners: findings from an Australian study. J Interprof Care 2010; 25:145-51. [DOI: 10.3109/13561820.2010.523651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Abstract
In this paper, the management and health problems of donkeys on loan to independent carers from The Donkey Sanctuary are characterised, and the demographics of the UK's donkey population are described using data from a variety of sources. All carers that fostered a donkey from The Donkey Sanctuary between September 2004 and August 2005 (1432 donkeys) were surveyed using a postal questionnaire requesting information about the donkey, its premises, daily care, health and preventive medicine. The response rate was 77.8 percent. The mean (sd) age of the donkeys was 20.8 (7.4) years. The majority (92 percent) of the donkeys were kept as pets. Approximately one-third (33.6 percent) of the donkeys were overweight. The most common medical problems were hoof, dermal and oral problems. A total of 86 percent of the donkeys had a dental examination at least every 12 months, and at least 45 percent had at least one dental problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Cox
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Leahurst, Chester High Road, Neston, Cheshire CH64 7TE.
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Kita K, Gauglitz G, Lo C, Medina D, Williamson S, Vergara L, Cox R, Herndon D, Jeschke M. QS209. Can Adult Stem Cells Be Used as a Skin Coverage for Burn Wounds? J Surg Res 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2008.11.510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Mashreky S, Rahman A, Chowdhury S, Giashuddin S, Svanström L, Khan T, Cox R, Rahman F. Burn injury: economic and social impact on a family. Public Health 2008; 122:1418-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2008.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2008] [Revised: 05/15/2008] [Accepted: 06/18/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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González AJ, Mason GC, Clarke RH, Wrixon AD, Cooper J, Holm LE, Boice JD, Cousins C, Cox R, Valentin J, Lee JK, Menzel H, Pan ZQ, Pentreath RJ, Preston RJ, Sasaki Y, Shandala N, Streffer C, Sugier A. Scope of radiological protection control measures. Ann ICRP 2008; 37:1-105. [PMID: 18555921 DOI: 10.1016/j.icrp.2007.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
In this report, the Commission recommends approaches to national authorities for their definition of the scope of radiological protection control measures through regulations, by using its principles of justification and optimisation. The report provides advice for deciding the radiation exposure situations that should be covered by the relevant regulations because their regulatory control can be justified, and, conversely, those that may be considered for exclusion from the regulations because their regulatory control is deemed to be unamenable and unjustified. It also provides advice on the situations resulting from regulated circumstances but which may be considered by regulators for exemption from complying with specific requirements because the application of these requirements is unwarranted and exemption is the optimum option. Thus, the report describes exclusion criteria for defining the scope of radiological protection regulations, exemption criteria for planned exposure situations, and the application of these concepts in emergency exposure situations and in existing exposure situations. The report also addresses specific exposure situations such as exposure to low-energy or low-intensity adventitious radiation, cosmic radiation, naturally occurring radioactive materials, radon, commodities, and low-level radioactive waste. The quantitative criteria in the report are intended only as generic suggestions to regulators for defining the regulatory scope, in the understanding that the definitive boundaries for establishing the situations that can be or need to be regulated will depend on national approaches.
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Anstee QM, Goldin RD, Wright M, Martinelli A, Cox R, Thursz MR. Coagulation status modulates murine hepatic fibrogenesis: implications for the development of novel therapies. J Thromb Haemost 2008; 6:1336-43. [PMID: 18485088 DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2008.03015.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is strong evidence demonstrating that coagulation system activation contributes to wound healing and promotes organ fibrosis. Several epidemiological studies have now shown that prothrombotic status, including carriage of the factor (F)V Leiden mutation, is associated with rapid progression of hepatic fibrosis. OBJECTIVES To assess the effect of a procoagulant state on progression of hepatic fibrosis in a controlled environment and to test whether anticoagulation could attenuate fibrogenesis. METHODS We investigated the effects of coagulation status on liver fibrosis development in a mouse model of chronic toxic liver injury. Prothrombotic FV Leiden mutant mice, C57BL/6 control animals and anticoagulated mice were studied after chronic exposure to carbon tetrachloride. RESULTS Carriage of the FV Leiden mutation caused a significant increase in hepatic fibrosis. Anticoagulation with warfarin significantly reduced fibrosis progression in wild-type mice but was less effective against the profibrotic FV Leiden mutation. Changes in the fibrosis scores were mirrored by changes in liver hydroxyproline content and hepatic stellate cell activation detected by alpha-smooth muscle actin expression. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that coagulation status has a strong influence on hepatic fibrogenesis. It is likely that thrombin signaling through the proteinase-activated receptor 1 (PAR(1)) receptor expressed on hepatic stellate cells is responsible for this relationship. These results represent the first reported use of anticoagulation to slow hepatic fibrogenesis and suggest a potential novel anti-fibrotic therapeutic approach for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q M Anstee
- Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK.
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Merriman T, Twells R, Merriman M, Eaves I, Cox R, Cucca F, McKinney P, Shield J, Baum D, Bosi E, Pozzilli P, Nistico L, Buzzetti R, Joner G, Ronningen KS, Thorsby E, Undlien D, Pociot F, Nerup J, Bain S, Barnett A, Todd J. Evidence by allelic association-dependent methods for a type 1 diabetes polygene (IDDM6) on chromosome 18q21. Hum Mol Genet 2007. [DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddm307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Karnosky DF, Werner H, Holopainen T, Percy K, Oksanen T, Oksanen E, Heerdt C, Fabian P, Nagy J, Heilman W, Cox R, Nelson N, Matyssek R. Free-air exposure systems to scale up ozone research to mature trees. Plant Biol (Stuttg) 2007; 9:181-90. [PMID: 17357013 DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-955915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Because seedlings and mature trees do not necessarily respond similarly to O(3) stress, it is critically important that exposure systems be developed that allow exposure of seedlings through to mature trees. Here we describe three different O(3) Free-Air Exposure Systems that have been used successfully for exposure at all growth stages. These systems of spatially uniform O(3) release have been shown to provide reliable O(3) exposure with minimal, if any, impact on the microclimate. This methodology offers a welcome alternative to chamber studies which had severe space constraints precluding stand or community-level studies and substantial chamber effects on the microclimate and, hence physiological tree performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- D F Karnosky
- School of Forest Resources and Environmental Science, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, MI 49931, USA.
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Enkhbaatar P, Traber D, Traber D, Herndon D, Herndon D, Cox R, Huda R, Joncam C, Esechie A, Traber L, Nakano Y. Effects of intravenously administered recombinant human antithrombin (rhAT) and aerosolized heparin on burn and smoke inhalation-induced acute lung injury. Burns 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2006.10.337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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38
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Kerth CR, Braden KW, Cox R, Kerth LK, Rankins DL. Carcass, sensory, fat color, and consumer acceptance characteristics of Angus-cross steers finished on ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) forage or on a high-concentrate diet. Meat Sci 2007; 75:324-31. [PMID: 22063665 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2006.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2006] [Revised: 07/10/2006] [Accepted: 07/11/2006] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C R Kerth
- Auburn University, Department of Animal Sciences, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
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Saunders F, Westphal M, Enkhbaatar P, Wang J, Gonzalez M, Nakano Y, Hamahata A, Jonkam C, Connelly R, Cox R, Hawkins H, Schmalstieg F, Horvath E, Lange M, Szabo C, Traber L, Herndon D, Traber D. Effects of neuronal nitric oxide synthase in ovine lung injury. Crit Care 2007. [PMCID: PMC4095070 DOI: 10.1186/cc5176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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40
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Ottevaere H, Cox R, Herzig HP, Miyashita T, Naessens K, Taghizadeh M, Völkel R, Woo HJ, Thienpont H. Comparing glass and plastic refractive microlenses fabricated with different technologies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1088/1464-4258/8/7/s18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Ellender M, Harrison JD, Kozlowski R, Szłuińska M, Bouffler SD, Cox R. In utero and neonatal sensitivity of ApcMin/+ mice to radiation-induced intestinal neoplasia. Int J Radiat Biol 2006; 82:141-51. [PMID: 16638711 DOI: 10.1080/09553000600632253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the sensitivity of ApcMin/+ mice (adenomatous polyposis coli Apc, multiple intestinal neoplasia, Min) to the development of intestinal adenomas after x-irradiation in utero, as neonates, or as young adults. MATERIALS AND METHODS CHB6 ApcMin/+ mice were exposed to an acute dose of 2 Gy x-rays either in utero on day 7 or 14 post-conception, as 2-day or 10-day neonates or as 35-day young adults. Tumour identification and counting was performed 200-214 days later. RESULTS Irradiation as 10-day-old neonates resulted in a significantly greater overall tumour incidence (average of about 130 tumours per animal) than irradiation as 35-day-old young adults (about 70 tumours). Irradiation as 2-day-old neonates resulted in an intermediate incidence (about 85 tumours). In contrast, the greatest tumour incidence observed after in utero irradiation of ApcMin/+ mice, of about 44 tumours per animal after 2 Gy irradiation at 14 days post-conception, was significantly lower than the incidence in irradiated adults. Tumour incidences after irradiation as 7-day embryos was not significantly raised above numbers in unirradiated controls (about 30 tumours). These tumour numbers include cystic crypts, largely radiation-induced, which were classed as early stage microadenomas on the basis of loss of wild-type Apc+ and expression of beta-catenin. CONCLUSIONS The sensitivity of ApcMin/+ mice to the induction of intestinal tumours by radiation was shown to be in the order: 10 d neonates>2 d neonates>35 d young adults>14 d fetus>7 d embryo.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ellender
- Health Protection Agency, Radiation Protection Division, Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, UK.
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May V, Clarke T, Coulling S, Cowie L, Cox R, Day D, Husk J, Laslett S, Mansell S, McHenry M. What information patients require on graduated compression stockings. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 15:263-70. [PMID: 16607256 DOI: 10.12968/bjon.2006.15.5.20641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Graduated compression stockings are used prophylactically on a variety of patients within acute hospitals. Anecdotal evidence suggests patients have a limited understanding of this treatment. The aim of this qualitative study was to explore patients' experiences of compression stockings and to ascertain perceptions of their use. Information was gathered using telephone interviews from a sample of 12 adults who had been patients within the past 2 months, and who had worn compression stockings for more than 48 hours. The results showed that patients received little or no information from healthcare staff regarding compression stockings, but that they did have knowledge from other sources, such as long-haul flight advice. This raises issues of informed consent and patient empowerment and highlights the need for both verbal and written information. The information gained informed a patient information leaflet, which was developed in partnership with a patient focus group.
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Affiliation(s)
- V May
- East Kent Hospitals NHS Trust (EKHT)
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Abhyankar A, Jenney M, Huddart SN, Tilsley DWO, Cox R, Saad M. Use of a tissue expander and a polyglactic acid (Vicryl) mesh to reduce radiation enteritis: case report and literature review. Pediatr Surg Int 2005; 21:755-7. [PMID: 16133520 DOI: 10.1007/s00383-005-1490-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/01/2004] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Management of stage IV rhabdomyosarcoma comprises systemic chemotherapy with local control by conservative surgery and radiotherapy. Abdominal radiotherapy may lead to radiation enteritis causing such serious morbidity as malabsorption, fistulae or stricture formation. The risk increases with the dose of radiation and length of bowel involved. Various methods have been utilised to displace the bowel from the radiation field. Usually these are applied in patients requiring pelvic irradiation. We report a case of metastatic alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma requiring radiotherapy to the right renal bed. Effective displacement of small bowel from the tumour site was achieved by a combined use of a tissue expander and Vicryl mesh. There were no complications from the surgery. This is the first report discussing combined use of a tissue expander and Vicryl mesh to aid radiotherapy to the renal fossa in a paediatric patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Abhyankar
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, University Hospital Wales, Cardiff, UK.
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Darakhshan F, Badie C, Moody J, Coster M, Finnon R, Finnon P, Edwards AA, Szluinska M, Skidmore CJ, Yoshida K, Ullrich R, Cox R, Bouffler SD. Evidence for complex multigenic inheritance of radiation AML susceptibility in mice revealed using a surrogate phenotypic assay. Carcinogenesis 2005; 27:311-8. [PMID: 16093251 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgi207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The mapping of genes which affect individual cancer risk is an important but complex challenge. A surrogate assay of susceptibility to radiation-induced acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) in the mouse based on chromosomal radiosensitivity has been developed and validated. This assay was applied to the mapping of radiation-induced AML risk modifier loci by association with microsatellite markers. A region on chromosome (chr) 18 with strong association is identified and confirmed by backcross analysis. Additional loci on chrs 8 and 13 show significant association. A key candidate gene Rbbp8 on chr18 is identified. Rbbp8 is shown to be upregulated in response to X-irradiation in the AML sensitive CBA strain but not AML resistant C57BL/6 strain. This study demonstrates the strength of utilizing surrogate endpoints of cancer susceptibility in the mapping of mouse loci and identifies additional loci that may affect radiation cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Darakhshan
- Radiation Effects Department, Health Protection Agency, Radiation Protection Division, Chilton, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0RQ, UK
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Lloyd D, Hone P, Edwards A, Cox R, Halls J. The repair of γ-ray-induced chromosomal damage in human lymphocytes after exposure to extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields. Cytogenet Genome Res 2004; 104:188-92. [PMID: 15162036 DOI: 10.1159/000077487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2003] [Accepted: 11/04/2003] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
G(0) human blood lymphocytes were irradiated with 2.0 Gy gamma-rays and cultured to metaphase whilst held in a 50-Hz power frequency magnetic field of 0.23, 0.47 or 0.7 mT. No differences were found in the frequencies of gamma-induced chromosome aberrations observed in cells held in the EM fields compared with replicates held in a sham coil. Similar field conditions have been reported to increase the frequency of gamma-induced HPRT mutations, leading to a suggestion that the EM fields alter the fidelity of repair of genomic lesions. This was not confirmed by the chromosome aberration assay described here.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Lloyd
- National Radiological Protection Board, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, UK.
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Dehouck P, Vander Heyden Y, Smeyers-Verbeke J, Massart DL, Marini RD, Chiap P, Hubert P, Crommen J, Van de Wauw W, De Beer J, Cox R, Mathieu G, Reepmeyer JC, Voigt B, Estevenon O, Nicolas A, Van Schepdael A, Adams E, Hoogmartens J. Interlaboratory study of a liquid chromatography method for erythromycin: determination of uncertainty. J Chromatogr A 2003; 1010:63-74. [PMID: 14503816 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(03)01023-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Erythromycin is a mixture of macrolide antibiotics produced by Saccharopolyspora erythreas during fermentation. A new method for the analysis of erythromycin by liquid chromatography has previously been developed. It makes use of an Astec C18 polymeric column. After validation in one laboratory, the method was now validated in an interlaboratory study. Validation studies are commonly used to test the fitness of the analytical method prior to its use for routine quality testing. The data derived in the interlaboratory study can be used to make an uncertainty statement as well. The relationship between validation and uncertainty statement is not clear for many analysts and there is a need to show how the existing data, derived during validation, can be used in practice. Eight laboratories participated in this interlaboratory study. The set-up allowed the determination of the repeatability variance, s(2)r and the between-laboratory variance, s(2)L. Combination of s(2)r and s(2)L results in the reproducibility variance s(2)R. It has been shown how these data can be used in future by a single laboratory that wants to make an uncertainty statement concerning the same analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Dehouck
- Laboratorium voor Farmaceutische Chemie en Analyse van Geneesmiddelen, K.U. Leuven, Van Evenstraat 4, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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Abstract
Epidemiology has shown an association between exposure to extremely low frequency (ELF) electromagnetic fields (EMF) and childhood leukaemia. The causal nature and biological basis of this association are however questionable. Studies with aneuploid cell lines raised the hypothesis that ELF EMF may act as a coleukaemogen by compromising DNA damage response to genotoxic agents such as ionising radiation. We examined this hypothesis using gamma-ray-induced dicentric chromosome exchange in human lymphocytes. The results from 12 h post-gamma-ray exposure to fields of 0.23, 0.47 and 0.7 mT provide no support to the hypothesis. The power of the study was sufficient to exclude an ELF enhancement of chromosomal exchange of 10-15% (2SE).
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Affiliation(s)
- P Hone
- National Radiological Protection Board, Chilton, Didcot, OX11 0RQ, UK
| | - A Edwards
- National Radiological Protection Board, Chilton, Didcot, OX11 0RQ, UK
| | - J Halls
- Brunel Institute for Bioengineering, Brunel University, Uxbridge, UB8 3PH, UK
| | - R Cox
- National Radiological Protection Board, Chilton, Didcot, OX11 0RQ, UK
| | - D Lloyd
- National Radiological Protection Board, Chilton, Didcot, OX11 0RQ, UK
- National Radiological Protection Board, Chilton, Didcot, OX11 0RQ, UK. E-mail:
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Affiliation(s)
- M Masarani
- Department of Urology, Royal Cornwall Hospital, Cornwall, UK.
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