1
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Chamard J, Faticov M, Blanchet FG, Chagnon PL, Laforest-Lapointe I. Interplay of biotic and abiotic factors shapes tree seedling growth and root-associated microbial communities. Commun Biol 2024; 7:360. [PMID: 38519711 PMCID: PMC10960049 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06042-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Root-associated microbes can alleviate plant abiotic stresses, thus potentially supporting adaptation to a changing climate or to novel environments during range expansion. While climate change is extending plant species fundamental niches northward, the distribution and colonization of mutualists (e.g., arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi) and pathogens may constrain plant growth and regeneration. Yet, the degree to which biotic and abiotic factors impact plant performance and associated microbial communities at the edge of their distribution remains unclear. Here, we use root microscopy, coupled with amplicon sequencing, to study bacterial, fungal, and mycorrhizal root-associated microbial communities from sugar maple seedlings distributed across two temperate-to-boreal elevational gradients in southern Québec, Canada. Our findings demonstrate that soil pH, soil Ca, and distance to sugar maple trees are key drivers of root-associated microbial communities, overshadowing the influence of elevation. Interestingly, changes in root fungal community composition mediate an indirect effect of soil pH on seedling growth, a pattern consistent at both sites. Overall, our findings highlight a complex role of biotic and abiotic factors in shaping tree-microbe interactions, which are in turn correlated with seedling growth. These findings have important ramifications for tree range expansion in response to shifting climatic niches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joey Chamard
- Département de biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
- Centre Sève, Département de Biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
- Centre d'Étude de la Forêt, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Maria Faticov
- Département de biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.
- Centre Sève, Département de Biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.
- Centre d'Étude de la Forêt, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.
| | - F Guillaume Blanchet
- Département de biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
- Département de mathématiques, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
- Département des sciences de la santé communautaire, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Pierre-Luc Chagnon
- Agriculture and Agri-food Canada, Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu, QC, Canada
- Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Isabelle Laforest-Lapointe
- Département de biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.
- Centre Sève, Département de Biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.
- Centre d'Étude de la Forêt, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.
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2
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Delory BM, Callaway RM, Semchenko M. A trait-based framework linking the soil metabolome to plant-soil feedbacks. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 241:1910-1921. [PMID: 38124274 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
By modifying the biotic and abiotic properties of the soil, plants create soil legacies that can affect vegetation dynamics through plant-soil feedbacks (PSF). PSF are generally attributed to reciprocal effects of plants and soil biota, but these interactions can also drive changes in the identity, diversity and abundance of soil metabolites, leading to more or less persistent soil chemical legacies whose role in mediating PSF has rarely been considered. These chemical legacies may interact with microbial or nutrient legacies to affect species coexistence. Given the ecological importance of chemical interactions between plants and other organisms, a better understanding of soil chemical legacies is needed in community ecology. In this Viewpoint, we aim to: highlight the importance of belowground chemical interactions for PSF; define and integrate soil chemical legacies into PSF research by clarifying how the soil metabolome can contribute to PSF; discuss how functional traits can help predict these plant-soil interactions; propose an experimental approach to quantify plant responses to the soil solution metabolome; and describe a testable framework relying on root economics and seed dispersal traits to predict how plant species affect the soil metabolome and how they could respond to soil chemical legacies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin M Delory
- Institute of Ecology, Leuphana University of Lüneburg, Lüneburg, 21335, Germany
- Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584 CB, the Netherlands
| | - Ragan M Callaway
- Division of Biological Sciences and Institute on Ecosystems, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA
| | - Marina Semchenko
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Liivi 2, 50409, Tartu, Estonia
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3
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Zhang Z, Yang Q, Fristoe TS, Dawson W, Essl F, Kreft H, Lenzner B, Pergl J, Pyšek P, Weigelt P, Winter M, Fuentes N, Kartesz JT, Nishino M, van Kleunen M. The poleward naturalization of intracontinental alien plants. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadi1897. [PMID: 37792943 PMCID: PMC10550228 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adi1897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Plant introductions outside their native ranges by humans have led to substantial ecological consequences. While we have gained considerable knowledge about intercontinental introductions, the distribution and determinants of intracontinental aliens remain poorly understood. Here, we studied naturalized (i.e., self-sustaining) intracontinental aliens using native and alien floras of 243 mainland regions in North America, South America, Europe, and Australia. We revealed that 4510 plant species had intracontinental origins, accounting for 3.9% of all plant species and 56.7% of all naturalized species in these continents. In North America and Europe, the numbers of intracontinental aliens peaked at mid-latitudes, while the proportion peaked at high latitudes in Europe. Notably, we found predominant poleward naturalization, primarily due to larger native species pools in low-latitudes. Geographic and climatic distances constrained the naturalization of intracontinental aliens in Australia, Europe, and North America, but not in South America. These findings suggest that poleward naturalizations will accelerate, as high latitudes become suitable for more plant species due to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijie Zhang
- Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Qiang Yang
- Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
- The German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Trevor S. Fristoe
- Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Wayne Dawson
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham, UK
| | - Franz Essl
- Division of BioInvasions, Global Change & Macroecology, Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Holger Kreft
- Biodiversity, Macroecology and Biogeography, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use (CBL), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Campus Institute Data Science, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Bernd Lenzner
- Division of BioInvasions, Global Change & Macroecology, Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jan Pergl
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Botany, Department of Invasion Ecology, Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Pyšek
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Botany, Department of Invasion Ecology, Průhonice, Czech Republic
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Patrick Weigelt
- Biodiversity, Macroecology and Biogeography, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use (CBL), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Campus Institute Data Science, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Marten Winter
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nicol Fuentes
- Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - John T. Kartesz
- Biota of North America Program (BONAP), Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Misako Nishino
- Biota of North America Program (BONAP), Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Mark van Kleunen
- Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, Taizhou, China
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4
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Florianová A, Hanzelková V, Drtinová L, Pánková H, Cajthaml T, Münzbergová Z. Plant-soil interactions in the native range of two congeneric species with contrasting invasive success. Oecologia 2023; 201:461-477. [PMID: 36745217 PMCID: PMC9945059 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-023-05329-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare plant-soil interactions in the native range of two congeneric European species differing in their invasive success in the world: a globally invasive Cirsium vulgare and non-invasive C. oleraceum. We assessed changes in soil nutrients and soil biota following soil conditioning by each species and compared performance of plants grown in self-conditioned and unconditioned soil, from which all, some or no biota was excluded. The invasive species depleted more nutrients than the non-invasive species and coped better with altered nutrient levels. The invasive species had higher seedling establishment which benefited from the presence of unconditioned biota transferred by soil filtrate. Biomass of both species increased in soil with self-conditioned soil filtrate and decreased in soil with self-conditioned whole-soil inoculum compared to unconditioned filtrate and inoculum. However, the increase was smaller and the decrease greater for the invasive species. The invasive species allocated less biomass to roots when associated with harmful biota, reducing negative effects of the biota on its performance. The results show that in the native range the invasive species is more limited by self-conditioned pathogens and benefits more from unconditioned mutualists and thus may benefit more from loss of effectively specialized soil biota in a secondary range. Our study highlights the utility of detailed plant-soil feedback research in species native range for understanding factors regulating species performance in their native range and pinpointing the types of biota involved in their regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Florianová
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Benátská 2, 128 01, Prague, Czech Republic.
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Zámek 1, 252 43, Průhonice, Czech Republic.
| | - Věra Hanzelková
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Benátská 2, 128 01, Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Zámek 1, 252 43, Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Drtinová
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Benátská 2, 128 01, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Pánková
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Zámek 1, 252 43, Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Cajthaml
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská, 1083, 142 20, Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute for Environmental Studies, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Benátská 2, 128 01, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Münzbergová
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Benátská 2, 128 01, Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Zámek 1, 252 43, Průhonice, Czech Republic
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5
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Li K, Veen GFC, Ten Hooven FC, Harvey JA, van der Putten WH. Soil legacy effects of plants and drought on aboveground insects in native and range-expanding plant communities. Ecol Lett 2023; 26:37-52. [PMID: 36414536 PMCID: PMC10098829 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Soils contain biotic and abiotic legacies of previous conditions that may influence plant community biomass and associated aboveground biodiversity. However, little is known about the relative strengths and interactions of the various belowground legacies on aboveground plant-insect interactions. We used an outdoor mesocosm experiment to investigate the belowground legacy effects of range-expanding versus native plants, extreme drought and their interactions on plants, aphids and pollinators. We show that plant biomass was influenced more strongly by the previous plant community than by the previous summer drought. Plant communities consisted of four congeneric pairs of natives and range expanders, and their responses were not unanimous. Legacy effects affected the abundance of aphids more strongly than pollinators. We conclude that legacies can be contained as soil 'memories' that influence aboveground plant community interactions in the next growing season. These soil-borne 'memories' can be altered by climate warming-induced plant range shifts and extreme drought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keli Li
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Netherlands Institute of Ecology, Wageningen, the Netherlands.,Laboratory of Nematology, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - G F Ciska Veen
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Netherlands Institute of Ecology, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Freddy C Ten Hooven
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Netherlands Institute of Ecology, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jeffrey A Harvey
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Netherlands Institute of Ecology, Wageningen, the Netherlands.,Department of Ecological Science, Section Animal Ecology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Wim H van der Putten
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Netherlands Institute of Ecology, Wageningen, the Netherlands.,Laboratory of Nematology, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
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6
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Lu Z, Liu X, Wang T, Zhang P, Wang Z, Zhang Y, Kriticos DJ, Zalucki MP. Malice at the Gates of Eden: current and future distribution of Agrilus mali threatening wild and domestic apples. BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2022; 112:745-757. [PMID: 35414375 DOI: 10.1017/s000748532200013x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The apple buprestid, Agrilus mali Matsumura, that was widespread in north-eastern China, was accidently introduced to the wild apple forest ecosystem in mountainous areas of Xinjiang, China. This invasive beetle feeds on domesticated apples and many species of Malus and presents a serious threat to ancestral apple germplasm sources and apple production worldwide. Estimating the potential area at risk of colonization by A. mali is crucial for instigating appropriate preventative management strategies, especially under global warming. We developed a CLIMEX model of A. mali to project this pest's potential distribution under current and future climatic scenarios in 2100 using CSIRO-Mk 3.0 GCM running the SRES A1B emissions scenario. Under current climate, A. mali could potentially invade neighbouring central Asia and eventually the mid-latitude temperate zone, and some subtropical areas and Pampas Steppe in the Southern Hemisphere. This potential distribution encompasses wild apples species, the ancestral germplasm for domesticated apples. With global warming, the potential distribution shifts to higher latitudes, with the potential range expanding slightly, though the overall suitability could decline in both hemispheres. In 2100, the length of the growing season of this pest in the mid-latitude temperature zone could increase by 1-2 weeks, with higher growth rates in most sites compared with current climate in mid-latitudes, at least in China. Our work highlights the need for strategies to prevent the spread of this pest, managing the threats to wild apples in Tian Shan Mountain forests in Central Asia, and commercial apple production globally. We discuss practical management tactics to reduce the spread of this pest and mitigate its impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaozhi Lu
- College of Plant Health and Medicine of Qingdao Agriculture University, Qingdao 266109, China
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Environment-Friendly Agricultural Pest Management, College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Xiaoxian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biogeography and Bioresource in Arid Land, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Research Center for Ecology and Environment of Central Asia, CAS, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Ting Wang
- College of Plant Health and Medicine of Qingdao Agriculture University, Qingdao 266109, China
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Environment-Friendly Agricultural Pest Management, College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biogeography and Bioresource in Arid Land, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Research Center for Ecology and Environment of Central Asia, CAS, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Zhenlin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biogeography and Bioresource in Arid Land, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Research Center for Ecology and Environment of Central Asia, CAS, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Yanlong Zhang
- Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Darren J Kriticos
- CSIRO Health & Biosecurity, Canberra ACT, Australia 2601
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia 4072
| | - Myron P Zalucki
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia 4072
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7
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Wu Y, Brown A, Ricklefs RE. Host‐specific soil microbes contribute to habitat restriction of closely related oaks (
Quercus
spp.). Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e9614. [PMCID: PMC9745265 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yingtong Wu
- Department of Biology University of Missouri–St. Louis St. Louis Missouri USA
- Whitney R. Harris World Ecology Center University of Missouri–St. Louis St. Louis Missouri USA
| | - Alicia Brown
- Department of Biology University of Missouri–St. Louis St. Louis Missouri USA
- Whitney R. Harris World Ecology Center University of Missouri–St. Louis St. Louis Missouri USA
| | - Robert E. Ricklefs
- Department of Biology University of Missouri–St. Louis St. Louis Missouri USA
- Whitney R. Harris World Ecology Center University of Missouri–St. Louis St. Louis Missouri USA
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8
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Yang Q, Veen GF(C, Wagenaar R, Manrubia M, ten Hooven FC, van der Putten WH. Temporal dynamics of range expander and congeneric native plant responses during and after extreme drought events. ECOL MONOGR 2022; 92:e1529. [PMID: 36590329 PMCID: PMC9787952 DOI: 10.1002/ecm.1529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Climate change is causing range shifts of many species to higher latitudes and altitudes and increasing their exposure to extreme weather events. It has been shown that range-shifting plant species may perform differently in new soil than related natives; however, little is known about how extreme weather events affect range-expanding plants compared to related natives. In this study we used outdoor mesocosms to study how range-expanding plant species responded to extreme drought in live soil from a habitat in a new range with and without live soil from a habitat in the original range (Hungary). During summer drought, the shoot biomass of the range-expanding plant community declined. In spite of this, in the mixed community, range expanders produced more shoot biomass than congeneric natives. In mesocosms with a history of range expanders in the previous year, native plants produced less biomass. Plant legacy or soil origin effects did not change the response of natives or range expanders to summer drought. During rewetting, range expanders had less biomass than congeneric natives but higher drought resilience (survival) in soils from the new range where in the previous year native plant species had grown. The biomass patterns of the mixed plant communities were dominated by Centaurea spp.; however, not all plant species within the groups of natives and of range expanders showed the general pattern. Drought reduced the litter decomposition, microbial biomass, and abundances of bacterivorous, fungivorous, and carnivorous nematodes. Their abundances recovered during rewetting. There was less microbial and fungal biomass, and there were fewer fungivorous nematodes in soils from the original range where range expanders had grown in the previous year. We concluded that in mixed plant communities of range expanders and congeneric natives, range expanders performed better, under both ambient and drought conditions, than congeneric natives. However, when considering the responses of individual species, we observed variations among pairs of congenerics, so that under the present mixed-community conditions there was no uniformity in responses to drought of range expanders versus congeneric natives. Range-expanding plant species reduced soil fungal biomass and the numbers of soil fungivorous nematodes, suggesting that the effects of range-expanding plant species can trickle up in the soil food web.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Yang
- Department of Terrestrial EcologyNetherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO‐KNAW)WageningenThe Netherlands,State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro‐ecosystems, School of Life SciencesLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
| | - G. F. (Ciska) Veen
- Department of Terrestrial EcologyNetherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO‐KNAW)WageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Roel Wagenaar
- Department of Terrestrial EcologyNetherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO‐KNAW)WageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Marta Manrubia
- Department of Terrestrial EcologyNetherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO‐KNAW)WageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Freddy C. ten Hooven
- Department of Terrestrial EcologyNetherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO‐KNAW)WageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Wim H. van der Putten
- Department of Terrestrial EcologyNetherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO‐KNAW)WageningenThe Netherlands,Laboratory of Nematology, Department of Plant SciencesWageningen University (WUR)WageningenThe Netherlands
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9
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Zettlemoyer MA, Ellis SL, Hale CW, Horne EC, Thoen RD, DeMarche ML. Limited evidence for phenological differences between non-native and native species. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.983172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although many species shift their phenology with climate change, species vary significantly in the direction and magnitude of these responses (i.e., phenological sensitivity). Studies increasingly detect early phenology or high phenological sensitivity to climate in non-native species, which may favor non-native species over natives in warming climates. Yet relatively few studies explicitly compare phenological responses to climate between native vs. non-native species or between non-native populations in the native vs. introduced range, limiting our ability to quantify the role of phenology in invasion success. Here, we review the empirical evidence for and against differences in phenology and phenological sensitivity to climate in both native vs. non-native species and native and introduced populations of non-native species. Contrary to common assumptions, native and non-native plant species did not consistently differ in mean phenology or phenological sensitivity. However, non-native plant species were often either just as or more sensitive, but rarely less sensitive, to climate as natives. Introduced populations of non-native plant species often show earlier reproduction than native populations of the same species, but there was mixed evidence for differences in phenological sensitivity between introduced and native plant populations. We found very few studies comparing native vs. invasive animal phenology. Future work should characterize phenological sensitivity to climate in native vs. non-native plant and animal species, in native vs. introduced populations of non-native species, and across different stages of invasion, and should carefully consider how differences in phenology might promote invasion success or disadvantage native species under climate change.
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10
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Callaway RM, Lucero JE, Hierro JL, Lortie CJ. The
EICA
is dead? Long live the
EICA
! Ecol Lett 2022; 25:2289-2302. [DOI: 10.1111/ele.14088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ragan M. Callaway
- Division of Biological Sciences University of Montana Missoula Montana USA
| | - Jacob E. Lucero
- Division of Biological Sciences University of Montana Missoula Montana USA
- Department of Animal and Range Sciences New Mexico State University Las Cruces New Mexico USA
| | - José L. Hierro
- Laboratorio de Ecología, Biogeografía y Evolución Vegetal (LEByEV) Instituto de Ciencias de la Tierra y Ambientales de La Pampa (INCITAP) Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)‐Universidad Nacional de La Pampa (UNLPam) Santa Rosa Argentina
- Departamento de Biología Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, UNLPam Santa Rosa Argentina
| | - C. J. Lortie
- Department of Biology York University Toronto Ontario Canada
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11
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Evolution of plasticity prevents postinvasion extinction of a native forb. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2118866119. [PMID: 35914140 PMCID: PMC9371648 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2118866119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Exotic plant invaders pose a serious threat to native plants. However, despite showing inferior competitive ability and decreased performance, native species often subsist in invaded communities. The decline of native populations is hypothesized to be halted and eventually reversed if adaptive evolutionary changes can keep up with the environmental stress induced by invaders, that is, when population extinction is prevented by evolutionary rescue (ER). Nevertheless, evidence for the role of ER in postinvasion persistence of native flora remains scarce. Here, I explored the population density of a native forb, Veronica chamaedrys, and evaluated the changes in the shade-responsive traits of its populations distributed along the invasion chronosequence of an exotic transformer, Heracleum mantegazzianum, which was replicated in five areas. I found a U-shaped population trajectory that paralleled the evolution of plasticity to shade. Whereas V. chamaedrys genotypes from intact, more open sites exhibited a shade-tolerance strategy (pronounced leaf area/mass ratio), reduced light availability at the invaded sites selected for a shade-avoidance strategy (greater internode elongation). Field experiments subsequently confirmed that the shifts in shade-response strategies were adaptive and secured postinvasion population persistence, as indicated by further modeling. Alternative ecological mechanisms (habitat improvement or arrival of immigrants) were less likely explanations than ER for the observed population rebound, although the contribution of maternal effects cannot be dismissed. These results suggest that V. chamaedrys survived because of adaptive evolutionary changes operating on the same timescale as the invasion-induced stress, but the generality of ER for postinvasion persistence of native plants remains unknown.
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12
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De Bellis T, Laforest-Lapointe I, Solarik KA, Gravel D, Kembel SW. Regional variation drives differences in microbial communities associated with sugar maple across a latitudinal range. Ecology 2022; 103:e3727. [PMID: 35412652 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Climate change is prompting plants to migrate and establish novel interactions in new habitats. Because of the pivotal roles microbes have on plant health and function, it is important to understand the ecological consequences of these shifts in host-microbe interactions with range expansion. Here we examine how the diversity of plant associated microbes varies along the host's current range and extended range according with climate change predictions, and assess the relative influence of host genotype (seed provenance) and environment in structuring the host microbiome. We collected sugar maple seeds from across the species current range, then planted them in temperate and mixedwood/transitional forests (current range) and in the boreal region (beyond range but predicted future range in response to climate change). We used amplicon sequencing to quantify bacterial, fungal, and mycorrhizal communities from seedling leaves and roots. Variation among sites and regions were the main drivers of the differences in host microbial communities whereas seed provenance did not play a large role. No unifying pattern was observed for microbial community richness, diversity, or specialization, demonstrating the complexity of responses of different taxa on above- and belowground plant compartments. Along the latitudinal gradient, we (1) observed reductions in mycorrhizal diversity which can negatively impact maple establishment; (2) and revealed reductions in fungal leaf pathogens which can have opposite effects. Our results highlight the need for an integrated approach including the examination of various microbial taxa on different plant compartments to improve our understanding of plant range shifts and plant-microbe interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonia De Bellis
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Department of Biology, Dawson College, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Isabelle Laforest-Lapointe
- Département de Biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.,Centre Sève, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Kevin A Solarik
- National Council for Air and Stream Improvement, Inc. (NCASI), Montréal, QC, Canada.,Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Dominique Gravel
- Département de Biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Steven W Kembel
- Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
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13
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Alexander JM, Atwater DZ, Colautti RI, Hargreaves AL. Effects of species interactions on the potential for evolution at species' range limits. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2022; 377:20210020. [PMID: 35184598 PMCID: PMC8859514 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2021.0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Species’ ranges are limited by both ecological and evolutionary constraints. While there is a growing appreciation that ecological constraints include interactions among species, like competition, we know relatively little about how interactions contribute to evolutionary constraints at species' niche and range limits. Building on concepts from community ecology and evolutionary biology, we review how biotic interactions can influence adaptation at range limits by impeding the demographic conditions that facilitate evolution (which we term a ‘demographic pathway to adaptation’), and/or by imposing evolutionary trade-offs with the abiotic environment (a ‘trade-offs pathway’). While theory for the former is well-developed, theory for the trade-offs pathway is not, and empirical evidence is scarce for both. Therefore, we develop a model to illustrate how fitness trade-offs along biotic and abiotic gradients could affect the potential for range expansion and niche evolution following ecological release. The model shows that which genotypes are favoured at species' range edges can depend strongly on the biotic context and the nature of fitness trade-offs. Experiments that characterize trade-offs and properly account for biotic context are needed to predict which species will expand their niche or range in response to environmental change. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Species’ ranges in the face of changing environments (Part II)’.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jake M Alexander
- Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zurich, Universitätsstrasse 16, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Z Atwater
- Biology Department, Earlham College, 801 National Rd. W, Richmond, IN 47374, USA
| | - Robert I Colautti
- Biology Department, Queen's University, 116 Barrie, St. Kingston, ON, Canada, K7 L 3N6
| | - Anna L Hargreaves
- Department of Biology, McGill University, 1205 Dr Penfield Av, Montreal, QC, Canada H3A 1B1
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14
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Van De Walle R, Massol F, Vandegehuchte ML, Bonte D. The distribution and impact of an invasive plant species (Senecio inaequidens) on a dune building engineer (Calamagrostis arenaria). NEOBIOTA 2022. [DOI: 10.3897/neobiota.72.78511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Disturbance is thought to enhance the probability of invasive species establishment, a prerequisite for naturalisation. Coastal dunes are characterised by disturbance in the form of sand dynamics. We studied the effect of this disturbance on the establishment and spread of an invasive plant species (Senecio inaequidens) in European coastal dunes. Local sand dynamics dictate the spatial configuration of marram grass (Calamagrostis arenaria). Therefore, marram grass configuration was used as a reliable proxy for disturbance. Since marram grass plays a crucial role in natural dune formation, we evaluated the possible effects S. inaequidens could have on this process, if it is able to naturalise in European coastal dunes.
We expected the highest probability of S. inaequidens establishment at intermediate marram grass cover because too low cover would increase sand burial, whereas high cover would increase competition. However, our results indicate that S. inaequidens is quite capable of handling higher levels of sand burial. Thus, the probability of S. inaequidens establishment was high under low marram cover but slightly lowered when marram cover was high, hinting at the importance of competition.
We expected a negative impact of Senecio-altered soils on marram grass growth mediated by soil biota. However, marram grass grew better in sand gathered underneath Senecio plants due to abiotic soil modifications. This enhanced growth may be caused by Senecio leaf litter elevating nutrient concentrations in an otherwise nutrient-poor substrate. If such increased plant growth is a general phenomenon, further expansion of S. inaequidens could accelerate natural succession in European coastal dunes.
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15
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Plant-soil feedback of the invasive Sorghum halepense on Hainan island, China. Biol Invasions 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-022-02736-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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16
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Qi SS, Manoharan B, Dhandapani V, Jegadeesan S, Rutherford S, Wan JSH, Huang P, Dai ZC, Du DL. Pathogen resistance in Sphagneticola trilobata (Singapore daisy): molecular associations and differentially expressed genes in response to disease from a widespread fungus. Genetica 2022; 150:13-26. [PMID: 35031940 DOI: 10.1007/s10709-021-00147-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the molecular associations underlying pathogen resistance in invasive plant species is likely to provide useful insights into the effective control of alien plants, thereby facilitating the conservation of native biodiversity. In the current study, we investigated pathogen resistance in an invasive clonal plant, Sphagneticola trilobata, at the molecular level. Sphagneticola trilobata (i.e., Singapore daisy) is a noxious weed that affects both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, and is less affected by pathogens in the wild than co-occurring native species. We used Illumina sequencing to investigate the transcriptome of S. trilobata following infection by a globally distributed generalist pathogen (Rhizoctonia solani). RNA was extracted from leaves of inoculated and un-inoculated control plants, and a draft transcriptome of S. trilobata was generated to examine the molecular response of this species following infection. We obtained a total of 49,961,014 (94.3%) clean reads for control (un-inoculated plants) and 54,182,844 (94.5%) for the infected treatment (inoculated with R. solani). Our analyses facilitated the discovery of 117,768 de novo assembled contigs and 78,916 unigenes. Of these, we identified 3506 differentially expressed genes and 60 hormones associated with pathogen resistance. Numerous genes, including candidate genes, were associated with plant-pathogen interactions and stress response in S. trilobata. Many recognitions, signaling, and defense genes were differentially regulated between treatments, which were confirmed by qRT-PCR. Overall, our findings improve our understanding of the genes and molecular associations involved in plant defense of a rapidly spreading invasive clonal weed, and serve as a valuable resource for further work on mechanism of disease resistance and managing invasive plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan-Shan Qi
- Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Equipment and Technology, Ministry of Education, School of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Bharani Manoharan
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Vignesh Dhandapani
- Environmental Genomics Group, School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Sridharan Jegadeesan
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, 69978, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Susan Rutherford
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Justin S H Wan
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Huang
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Cong Dai
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, People's Republic of China. .,Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Jiangsu Province, Suzhou, 215009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Dao-Lin Du
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, People's Republic of China.
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17
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Cong W, Yu J, Feng K, Deng Y, Zhang Y. The Coexistence Relationship Between Plants and Soil Bacteria Based on Interdomain Ecological Network Analysis. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:745582. [PMID: 34950114 PMCID: PMC8689066 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.745582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between plants and their associated soil microbial communities plays a crucial role in maintaining ecosystem processes and function. However, identifying these complex relationships is challenging. In this study, we constructed an interdomain ecology network (IDEN) of plant–bacteria based on SparCC pairwise associations using synchronous aboveground plant surveys and belowground microbial 16S rRNA sequencing among four different natural forest types along the climate zones in China. The results found that a total of 48 plants were associated with soil bacteria among these four sites, and soil microbial group associations with specific plant species existed within the observed plant–bacteria coexistence network. Only 0.54% of operational taxonomy units (OTUs) was shared by the four sites, and the proportion of unique OTUs for each site ranged from 43.08 to 76.28%, which occupied a large proportion of soil bacterial community composition. The plant–bacteria network had a distinct modular structure (p < 0.001). The tree Acer tetramerum was identified as the network hubs in the warm temperate coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forests coexistence network and indicates that it may play a key role in stabilizing of the community structure of these forest ecosystems. Therefore, IDEN of plant–bacteria provides a novel perspective for exploring the relationships of interdomain species, and this study provides valuable insights into understanding coexistence between above-ground plants and below-ground microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Cong
- Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Conservation of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Jingjing Yu
- Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Conservation of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Feng
- CAS Key Laboratory for Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China
| | - Ye Deng
- CAS Key Laboratory for Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China
| | - Yuguang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Conservation of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
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18
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Nuske SJ, Fajardo A, Nuñez MA, Pauchard A, Wardle DA, Nilsson MC, Kardol P, Smith JE, Peltzer DA, Moyano J, Gundale MJ. Soil biotic and abiotic effects on seedling growth exhibit context-dependent interactions: evidence from a multi-country experiment on Pinus contorta invasion. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 232:303-317. [PMID: 33966267 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The success of invasive plants is influenced by many interacting factors, but evaluating multiple possible mechanisms of invasion success and elucidating the relative importance of abiotic and biotic drivers is challenging, and therefore rarely achieved. We used live, sterile or inoculated soil from different soil origins (native range and introduced range plantation; and invaded plots spanning three different countries) in a fully factorial design to simultaneously examine the influence of soil origin and soil abiotic and biotic factors on the growth of invasive Pinus contorta. Our results displayed significant context dependency in that certain soil abiotic conditions in the introduced ranges (soil nitrogen, phosphorus or carbon content) influenced responses to inoculation treatments. Our findings do not support the enemy release hypothesis or the enhanced mutualism hypothesis, as biota from native and plantation ranges promoted growth similarly. Instead, our results support the missed mutualism hypothesis, as biota from invasive ranges were the least beneficial for seedling growth. Our study provides a novel perspective on how variation in soil abiotic factors can influence plant-soil feedbacks for an invasive tree across broad biogeographical contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan J Nuske
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, 90183, Sweden
| | - Alex Fajardo
- Instituto de Investigación Interdisciplinario (I3), Universidad de Talca, Campus Lircay, Talca, 3460000, Chile
| | - Martin A Nuñez
- Grupo de Ecología de Invasiones, INIBIOMA-UNComa, CONICET, Bariloche, 8400, Argentina
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Aníbal Pauchard
- Laboratorio de Invasiones Biológicas (LIB), Facultad de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
- Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity (IEB), Santiago, Chile
| | - David A Wardle
- Asian School of the Environment, College of Science, Nanyong Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Marie-Charlotte Nilsson
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, 90183, Sweden
| | - Paul Kardol
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, 90183, Sweden
| | - Jane E Smith
- US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Duane A Peltzer
- Manaaki Whenua Landcare Research, Lincoln, 7608, New Zealand
| | - Jaime Moyano
- Grupo de Ecología de Invasiones, INIBIOMA-UNComa, CONICET, Bariloche, 8400, Argentina
| | - Michael J Gundale
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, 90183, Sweden
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19
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Gao L, Wei C, Xu H, Liu X, Siemann E, Lu X. Latitudinal variation in the diversity and composition of various organisms associated with an exotic plant: the role of climate and plant invasion. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 231:1559-1569. [PMID: 34018617 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Climate and plant invasion can shape biotic communities at large spatial scales. Yet, how diverse groups of organisms associated with an invasive plant change simultaneously with latitude and the roles of climate and plant invasion remains unclear. We conducted a field survey of plants (native vs exotic), soil fungi (pathogenic, saprotrophic, arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi (AMF) and ectomycorrhizal (EcM) fungi) and arthropods (herbivores, predators and detritivores) associated with the invasive plant Alternanthera philoxeroides at 49 sites spanning 14 latitudinal degrees in China. Results showed that diversity and composition of these functional groups changed differently with latitude, partially due to their specific responses to climate, invasion of A. philoxeroides and other biotic environments. Moreover, A. philoxeroides invasion and/or composition of other plants, rather than climate, predicted the diversity and richness of major functional groups and partly explained variance in composition of putative fungal pathogens. Our results suggest that climate and plant invasion could affect the diversity and composition of diverse groups of organisms simultaneously and their relative importance might vary among functional groups. Thus, it is necessary to explore latitudinal patterns and underlying drivers of diverse groups of organisms simultaneously to improve our ability to predict and mitigate threats posed by plant invasion and climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lunlun Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Hubei, 430070, China
- Institute of Invasion Biology, Agriculture & Ecological Safety, Huazhong Agricultural University, Hubei, 430070, China
- College of Plant Sciences & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Chunqiang Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Hubei, 430070, China
- School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Hubei, 430079, China
- Guangxi Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guilin, Guangxi, 541006, China
| | - Hao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Hubei, 430070, China
- Institute of Invasion Biology, Agriculture & Ecological Safety, Huazhong Agricultural University, Hubei, 430070, China
- College of Plant Sciences & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- Institute of Invasion Biology, Agriculture & Ecological Safety, Huazhong Agricultural University, Hubei, 430070, China
- College of Plant Sciences & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Evan Siemann
- Biosciences Department, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Xinmin Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Hubei, 430070, China
- Institute of Invasion Biology, Agriculture & Ecological Safety, Huazhong Agricultural University, Hubei, 430070, China
- College of Plant Sciences & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Hubei, 430070, China
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20
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Adomako MO, Xue W, Tang M, Du DL, Yu FH. Synergistic Effects of Soil Microbes on Solidago canadensis Depend on Water and Nutrient Availability. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2020; 80:837-845. [PMID: 32561944 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-020-01537-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Soil microbes may greatly affect plant growth. While plants are commonly associated with diverse communities of soil microbes, complementary roles of different microbial communities that may stimulate synergistic effects on plant growth are not adequately tested. Also, such synergistic effects may vary with environmental conditions such as soil nutrient and water availability. We conducted a greenhouse experiment with a widespread clonal plant Solidago canadensis. The experiment was a factorial design with four levels of soil microbial inoculation (fresh soil inocula from grasslands in northern and southern China that were expected to differ in soil microbial composition, a mixture of the two fresh soil inocula, and a sterilized mixed inoculum control), two levels of nutrient availability (low vs. high), and two levels of water supply (low vs. high, i.e., 1376 vs. 352 mm per year). Irrespective of water supply and nutrient availability, total, aboveground, and belowground mass of S. canadensis were generally higher when the plant grew in soil inoculated with a mixture of soil microbes from the south and north of China (in the mixed inoculum treatment) than when it grew in soil inoculated with soil microbes from only the north or the south or the sterilized control. Such effects of soil microbes on total and aboveground mass were stronger under high than under low nutrient availability and also under high than under low water supply. Our results suggest that interactions of different soil microbial communities can result in a synergistic effect on plant growth and such a synergistic effect depends on environmental conditions. The findings shed light on the importance of plant-microbe interactions during the spreading of some plant species in face of increased atmospheric nutrient deposition coupled with altered rainfall pattern due to global change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Opoku Adomako
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, Academy of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
- Institute of Wetland Ecology & Clone Ecology/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, Taizhou, 318000, China
| | - Wei Xue
- Institute of Wetland Ecology & Clone Ecology/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, Taizhou, 318000, China
| | - Min Tang
- Institute of Wetland Ecology & Clone Ecology/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, Taizhou, 318000, China
| | - Dao-Lin Du
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, Academy of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China.
| | - Fei-Hai Yu
- Institute of Wetland Ecology & Clone Ecology/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, Taizhou, 318000, China.
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21
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von Holle B, Weber SE, Nickerson DM. The influence of warming and biotic interactions on the potential for range expansion of native and nonnative species. AOB PLANTS 2020; 12:plaa040. [PMID: 32968475 PMCID: PMC7494242 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plaa040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Plant species ranges are expected to shift in response to climate change, however, it is unclear how species interactions will affect range shifts. Because of the potential for enemy release of invasive nonnative plant species from species-specific soil pathogens, invasive plants may be able to shift ranges more readily than native plant species. Additionally, changing climatic conditions may alter soil microbial functioning, affecting plant-microbe interactions. We evaluated the effects of site, plant-soil microbe interactions, altered climate, and their interactions on the growth and germination of three congeneric shrub species, two native to southern and central Florida (Eugenia foetida and E. axillaris), and one nonnative invasive from south America (E. uniflora). We measured germination and biomass for these plant species in growth chambers grown under live and sterile soils from two sites within their current range, and one site in their expected range, simulating current (2010) and predicted future (2050) spring growing season temperatures in the new range. Soil microbes (microscopic bacteria, fungi, viruses and other organisms) had a net negative effect on the invasive plant, E. uniflora, across all sites and temperature treatments. This negative response to soil microbes suggests that E. uniflora's invasive success and potential for range expansion are due to other contributing factors, e.g. higher germination and growth relative to native Eugenia. The effect of soil microbes on the native species depended on the geographic provenance of the microbes, and this may influence range expansion of these native species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betsy von Holle
- Department of Biology, University of Central Florida, and Division of Environmental Biology, National Science Foundation, 2415 Eisenhower Avenue Alexandria, VA, USA
| | - Sören E Weber
- Institut für Evolutionsbiologie und Umweltwissenschaften, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - David M Nickerson
- Department of Statistics, University of Central Florida, 4000 Central Florida Blvd, Orlando, FL, USA
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22
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Koorem K, Snoek BL, Bloem J, Geisen S, Kostenko O, Manrubia M, Ramirez KS, Weser C, Wilschut RA, van der Putten WH. Community-level interactions between plants and soil biota during range expansion. THE JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY 2020; 108:1860-1873. [PMID: 32999508 PMCID: PMC7508040 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2745.13409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Plant species that expand their range in response to current climate change will encounter soil communities that may hinder, allow or even facilitate plant performance. It has been shown repeatedly for plant species originating from other continents that these plants are less hampered by soil communities from the new than from the original range. However, information about the interactions between intra-continental range expanders and soil communities is sparse, especially at community level.Here we used a plant-soil feedback experiment approach to examine if the interactions between range expanders and soil communities change during range expansion. We grew communities of range-expanding and native plant species with soil communities originating from the original and new range of range expanders. In these conditioned soils, we determined the composition of fungi and bacteria by high-throughput amplicon sequencing of the ITS region and the 16S rRNA gene respectively. Nematode community composition was determined by microscopy-based morphological identification. Then we tested how these soil communities influence the growth of subsequent communities of range expanders and natives.We found that after the conditioning phase soil bacterial, fungal and nematode communities differed by origin and by conditioning plant communities. Despite differences in bacterial, fungal and nematode communities between original and new range, soil origin did not influence the biomass production of plant communities. Both native and range expanding plant communities produced most above-ground biomass in soils that were conditioned by plant communities distantly related to them. Synthesis. Communities of range-expanding plant species shape specific soil communities in both original and new range soil. Plant-soil interactions of range expanders in communities can be similar to the ones of their closely related native plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kadri Koorem
- Netherlands Institute of Ecology Wageningen The Netherlands
- Department of Botany Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences University of Tartu Tartu Estonia
| | - Basten L Snoek
- Netherlands Institute of Ecology Wageningen The Netherlands
- Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics Utrecht University Utrecht The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Nematology Wageningen University Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - Janneke Bloem
- Netherlands Institute of Ecology Wageningen The Netherlands
- Department of Plant Sciences Wageningen University Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - Stefan Geisen
- Netherlands Institute of Ecology Wageningen The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Nematology Wageningen University Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - Olga Kostenko
- Netherlands Institute of Ecology Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - Marta Manrubia
- Netherlands Institute of Ecology Wageningen The Netherlands
| | | | - Carolin Weser
- Netherlands Institute of Ecology Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - Rutger A Wilschut
- Netherlands Institute of Ecology Wageningen The Netherlands
- Ecology, Department of Biology University of Konstanz Konstanz Germany
| | - Wim H van der Putten
- Netherlands Institute of Ecology Wageningen The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Nematology Wageningen University Wageningen The Netherlands
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23
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Aldorfová A, Knobová P, Münzbergová Z. Plant–soil feedback contributes to predicting plant invasiveness of 68 alien plant species differing in invasive status. OIKOS 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.07186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Aldorfová
- Dept of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles Univ Benátská 2 CZ‐128 01 Prague 2 Czech Republic
- Inst. of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences Průhonice Czech Republic
| | - Pavlína Knobová
- Dept of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles Univ Benátská 2 CZ‐128 01 Prague 2 Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Münzbergová
- Dept of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles Univ Benátská 2 CZ‐128 01 Prague 2 Czech Republic
- Inst. of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences Průhonice Czech Republic
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24
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Bueno de Mesquita CP, Sartwell SA, Schmidt SK, Suding KN. Growing-season length and soil microbes influence the performance of a generalist bunchgrass beyond its current range. Ecology 2020; 101:e03095. [PMID: 32380574 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 07/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
As organisms shift their geographic distributions in response to climate change, biotic interactions have emerged as an important factor driving the rate and success of range expansions. Plant-microbe interactions are an understudied but potentially important factor governing plant range shifts. We studied the distribution and function of microbes present in high-elevation unvegetated soils, areas that plants are colonizing as climate warms, snow melts earlier, and the summer growing season lengthens. Using a manipulative snowpack and microbial inoculation transplant experiment, we tested the hypothesis that growing-season length and microbial community composition interact to control plant elevational range shifts. We predicted that a lengthening growing season combined with dispersal to patches of soils with more mutualistic microbes and fewer pathogenic microbes would facilitate plant survival and growth in previously unvegetated areas. We identified negative effects on survival of the common alpine bunchgrass Deschampsia cespitosa in both short and long growing seasons, suggesting an optimal growing-season length for plant survival in this system that balances time for growth with soil moisture levels. Importantly, growing-season length and microbes interacted to affect plant survival and growth, such that microbial community composition increased in importance in suboptimal growing-season lengths. Further, plants grown with microbes from unvegetated soils grew as well or better than plants grown with microbes from vegetated soils. These results suggest that the rate and spatial extent of plant colonization of unvegetated soils in mountainous areas experiencing climate change could depend on both growing-season length and soil microbial community composition, with microbes potentially playing more important roles as growing seasons lengthen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clifton P Bueno de Mesquita
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, 80309-0334, USA.,Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, 80309-0450, USA
| | - Samuel A Sartwell
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, 80309-0334, USA.,Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, 80309-0450, USA
| | - Steven K Schmidt
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, 80309-0334, USA
| | - Katharine N Suding
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, 80309-0334, USA.,Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, 80309-0450, USA
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25
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Heinze J, Wacker A, Kulmatiski A. Plant-soil feedback effects altered by aboveground herbivory explain plant species abundance in the landscape. Ecology 2020; 101:e03023. [PMID: 32083736 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Relatively little is known about how plant-soil feedbacks (PSFs) may affect plant growth in field conditions where factors such as herbivory may be important. Using a potted experiment in a grassland, we measured PSFs with and without aboveground insect herbivory for 20 plant species. We then compared PSF values to plant landscape abundance. Aboveground herbivory had a large negative effect on PSF values. For 15 of 20 species, PSFs were more negative with herbivory than without. This occurred because plant biomass on "home" soils was smaller with herbivory than without. PSF values with herbivory were correlated with plant landscape abundance, whereas PSF values without herbivory were not. Shoot nitrogen concentrations suggested that plants create soils that increase nitrogen uptake, but that greater shoot nitrogen values increase herbivory and that the net effect of positive PSF and greater aboveground herbivory is less aboveground biomass. Results provided clear evidence that PSFs alone have limited power in explaining species abundances and that herbivory has stronger effects on plant biomass and growth on the landscape. Our results provide a potential explanation for observed differences between greenhouse and field PSF experiments and suggest that PSF experiments need to consider important biotic interactions, like aboveground herbivory, particularly when the goal of PSF research is to understand plant growth in field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Heinze
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Maulbeerallee 1, D-14469, Potsdam, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Altensteinstrasse 6, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexander Wacker
- Zoological Institute and Museum, University of Greifswald, Loitzer Strasse 26, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Andrew Kulmatiski
- Department of Wildland Resources and the Ecology Center, Utah State University, 84322-5230, Logan, Utah, USA
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26
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Essl F, Dullinger S, Genovesi P, Hulme PE, Jeschke JM, Katsanevakis S, Kühn I, Lenzner B, Pauchard A, Pyšek P, Rabitsch W, Richardson DM, Seebens H, van Kleunen M, van der Putten WH, Vilà M, Bacher S. Distinct Biogeographic Phenomena Require a Specific Terminology: A Reply to Wilson and Sagoff. Bioscience 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/biosci/biz161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Franz Essl
- Division of Conservation Biology, Vegetation, and Landscape Ecology, Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Stefan Dullinger
- Division of Conservation Biology, Vegetation, and Landscape Ecology, Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Piero Genovesi
- Institute for Environmental Protection and Research and is chair of the International Union for Conservation of Nature's Species Survival Commission Invasive Species Specialist Group, Rome, Italy
| | - Philip E Hulme
- Bio-Protection Research Centre, Lincoln University, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Jonathan M Jeschke
- Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, with Freie Universität Berlin's Department of Biology, Chemistry, and Pharmacy's Institute of Biology, and with the Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Ingolf Kühn
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research–UFZ’s Department of Community Ecology and with Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg's Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Halle, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research Halle–Jena–Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Bernd Lenzner
- Division of Conservation Biology, Vegetation, and Landscape Ecology, Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Aníbal Pauchard
- Laboratorio de Invasiones Biológicas, part of the Facultad de Ciencias Forestales, University of Concepcion, in Concepción, Chile, and with the Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity Santiago, Chile
| | - Petr Pyšek
- Czech Academy of Sciences’ Institute of Botany, Department of Invasion Ecology, Průhonice, Czech Republic
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Wolfgang Rabitsch
- Environment Agency Austria's Department of Biodiversity and Nature Conservation, Vienna, Austria
| | - David M Richardson
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Hanno Seebens
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Mark van Kleunen
- Ecology division of the Department of Biology at the University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, Taizhou, China
| | - Wim H van der Putten
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology and with the Laboratory of Nematology, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Montserrat Vilà
- Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD-CSIC) in Sevilla and the Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of Seville, Spain
| | - Sven Bacher
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
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27
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Manrubia M, van der Putten WH, Weser C, Veen C(GF. Rhizosphere and litter feedbacks to range-expanding plant species and related natives. THE JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY 2020; 108:353-365. [PMID: 32699431 PMCID: PMC7363160 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2745.13299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Plant-soil feedback (PSF) results from the net legacy effect that plants leave in the composition of soil communities and abiotic soil properties. PSF is induced by the rhizosphere and by litter inputs into the soil, however, we have little understanding of their individual contributions. Here, we examine feedback effects from the rhizosphere of living plants, decomposing litter and their combination.We used four pairs of climate warming-induced range-expanding plant species and congeneric natives, and examined PSF effects on plant biomass production, as well as on decomposition in their new range.We tested the hypothesis that the plant rhizosphere provides less negative feedback to range-expanders than to the congeneric natives, and that feedback mediated by litter decomposition does not provide such a difference because decomposers might be less specialized than pathogens. To determine PSF, we used soil from the congener species within each pair as an 'away' soil to indicate whether range-expanders may have lost their specialized soil biota upon arrival in the novel range.Our results show that although range-expanding plant species and their congeneric natives developed neutral PSF in both rhizosphere- and litter-conditioned soils, two of the four range-expanders produced more biomass than natives in soils conditioned by litter, that is, soils with high nutrient content. Shoot litter from two out of four range-expanding species decomposed more than that of natives, but decomposition was unaffected by soil conditioning. Synthesis. We compared PSF effects of range-expanders and congeneric natives mediated via both the rhizosphere and litter using the congeneric species as a control. Under those conditions, PSF effects were neutral and not affected by plant origin. Therefore, we conclude that studies not comparing within plant genera may overestimate the impact of plant origin on PSF. Still, even under those conditions range-expanders appeared to benefit more from high soil nutrient availability than natives, thus providing a possible advantage over congeneric natives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Manrubia
- Department of Terrestrial EcologyNetherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO‐KNAW)WageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Wim H. van der Putten
- Department of Terrestrial EcologyNetherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO‐KNAW)WageningenThe Netherlands
- Laboratory of NematologyWageningen University and Research CentreWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Carolin Weser
- Department of Terrestrial EcologyNetherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO‐KNAW)WageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Ciska (G. F.) Veen
- Department of Terrestrial EcologyNetherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO‐KNAW)WageningenThe Netherlands
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28
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Manrubia M, van der Putten WH, Weser C, ten Hooven FC, Martens H, Brinkman EP, Geisen S, Ramirez KS, Veen GF(C. Soil functional responses to drought under range-expanding and native plant communities. Funct Ecol 2019; 33:2402-2416. [PMID: 31894174 PMCID: PMC6919305 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Current climate warming enables plant species and soil organisms to expand their range to higher latitudes and altitudes. At the same time, climate change increases the incidence of extreme weather events such as drought. While it is expected that plants and soil organisms originating from the south are better able to cope with drought, little is known about the consequences of their range shifts on soil functioning under drought events.Here, we test how range-expanding plant species and soil communities may influence soil functioning under drought. We performed a full-factorial outdoor mesocosm experiment with plant communities of range expanders or related natives, with soil inocula from the novel or the original range, with or without summer drought. We measured litter decomposition, carbon mineralization and enzyme activities, substrate-induced respiration and the relative abundance of soil saprophytic fungi immediately after drought and at 6 and 12 weeks after rewetting.Drought decreased all soil functions regardless of plant and soil origin except one; soil respiration was less reduced in soils of range-expanding plant communities, suggesting stronger resistance to drought. After rewetting, soil functioning responses depended on plant and soil origin. Soils of native plant communities with a history of drought had more litter mass loss and higher relative abundance of saprophytic fungi than soils without drought and soils of range expanders. Functions of soil from range expanders recovered in a more conservative manner than soils of natives, as litter mass loss did not exceed the control rates. At the end of the experiment, after rewetting, most soil functions in mesocosms with drought history did not differ anymore from the control.We conclude that functional consequences of range-expanding plants and soil biota may interact with effects of drought and that these effects are most prominent during the first weeks after rewetting of the soil. A free http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1365-2435.13453/suppinfo can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Manrubia
- Department of Terrestrial EcologyNetherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO‐KNAW)WageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Wim H. van der Putten
- Department of Terrestrial EcologyNetherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO‐KNAW)WageningenThe Netherlands
- Laboratory of NematologyWageningen UniversityWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Carolin Weser
- Department of Terrestrial EcologyNetherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO‐KNAW)WageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Freddy C. ten Hooven
- Department of Terrestrial EcologyNetherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO‐KNAW)WageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Henk Martens
- Department of Soil QualityWageningen UniversityWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - E. Pernilla Brinkman
- Department of Terrestrial EcologyNetherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO‐KNAW)WageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Stefan Geisen
- Department of Terrestrial EcologyNetherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO‐KNAW)WageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Kelly S. Ramirez
- Department of Terrestrial EcologyNetherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO‐KNAW)WageningenThe Netherlands
| | - G. F. (Ciska) Veen
- Department of Terrestrial EcologyNetherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO‐KNAW)WageningenThe Netherlands
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29
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Lu X, He M, Tang S, Wu Y, Shao X, Wei H, Siemann E, Ding J. Herbivory may promote a non-native plant invasion at low but not high latitudes. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2019; 124:819-827. [PMID: 31318017 PMCID: PMC6868397 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcz121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The strengths of biotic interactions such as herbivory are expected to decrease with increasing latitude for native species. To what extent this applies to invasive species and what the consequences of this variation are for competition among native and invasive species remain unexplored. Here, herbivore impacts on the invasive plant Alternanthera philoxeroides and its competition with the native congener A. sessilis were estimated across latitudes in China. METHODS An common garden experiment spanning ten latitudinal degrees was conducted to test how herbivore impacts on A. philoxeroides and A. sessilis, and competition between them change with latitude. In addition, a field survey was conducted from 21°N to 36.8°N to test whether A. philoxeroides invasiveness changes with latitude in nature as a result of variations in herbivory. KEY RESULTS In the experiment, A. sessilis cover was significantly higher than A. philoxeroides cover when they competed in the absence of herbivores, but otherwise their cover was comparable at low latitude. However, A. philoxeroides cover was always higher on average than A. sessilis cover at middle latitude. At high latitude, only A. sessilis emerged in the second year. Herbivore abundance decreased with latitude and A. philoxeroides emerged earlier than A. sessilis at middle latitude. In the field survey, the ratio of A. philoxeroides to A. sessilis cover was hump shaped with latitude. CONCLUSION These results indicate that herbivory may promote A. philoxeroides invasion only at low latitude by altering the outcome of competition in favour of the invader and point to the importance of other factors, such as earlier emergence, in A. philoxeroides invasion at higher latitudes. These results suggest that the key factors promoting plant invasions might change with latitude, highlighting the importance of teasing apart the roles of multiple factors in plant invasions within a biogeographic framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinmin Lu
- College of Plant Sciences & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- For correspondence. E-mail ,
| | - Minyan He
- Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Saichun Tang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Plant Conservation and Restoration Ecology in Karst Terrain, Guangxi Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Yuqing Wu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Henan Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xu Shao
- Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hui Wei
- Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Evan Siemann
- Biosciences Department, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jianqing Ding
- College of Plant Sciences & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
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30
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Pugnaire FI, Morillo JA, Peñuelas J, Reich PB, Bardgett RD, Gaxiola A, Wardle DA, van der Putten WH. Climate change effects on plant-soil feedbacks and consequences for biodiversity and functioning of terrestrial ecosystems. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaaz1834. [PMID: 31807715 PMCID: PMC6881159 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaz1834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Plant-soil feedbacks (PSFs) are interactions among plants, soil organisms, and abiotic soil conditions that influence plant performance, plant species diversity, and community structure, ultimately driving ecosystem processes. We review how climate change will alter PSFs and their potential consequences for ecosystem functioning. Climate change influences PSFs through the performance of interacting species and altered community composition resulting from changes in species distributions. Climate change thus affects plant inputs into the soil subsystem via litter and rhizodeposits and alters the composition of the living plant roots with which mutualistic symbionts, decomposers, and their natural enemies interact. Many of these plant-soil interactions are species-specific and are greatly affected by temperature, moisture, and other climate-related factors. We make a number of predictions concerning climate change effects on PSFs and consequences for vegetation-soil-climate feedbacks while acknowledging that they may be context-dependent, spatially heterogeneous, and temporally variable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco I. Pugnaire
- Estación Experimental de Zonas Áridas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Carretera de Sacramento s/n, La Cañada de San Urbano, E-04120 Almería, Spain
- Laboratorio Internacional en Cambio Global (LINCGlobal)
| | - José A. Morillo
- Estación Experimental de Zonas Áridas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Carretera de Sacramento s/n, La Cañada de San Urbano, E-04120 Almería, Spain
- Laboratorio Internacional en Cambio Global (LINCGlobal)
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, Catalonia E-08193, Spain
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia E-08193, Spain
| | - Peter B. Reich
- Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2753, Australia
| | - Richard D. Bardgett
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Aurora Gaxiola
- Laboratorio Internacional en Cambio Global (LINCGlobal)
- Departamento de Ecología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Alameda 340, Santiago, Chile
- Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad, Las Palmeras 3425, Santiago, Chile
| | - David A. Wardle
- Asian School of the Environment, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Wim H. van der Putten
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology, Post Office Box 50, 6700 AB Wageningen, Netherlands
- Department of Nematology, Wageningen University, 6708 PB Wageningen, Netherlands
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31
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Manoharan B, Qi SS, Dhandapani V, Chen Q, Rutherford S, Wan JS, Jegadeesan S, Yang HY, Li Q, Li J, Dai ZC, Du DL. Gene Expression Profiling Reveals Enhanced Defense Responses in an Invasive Weed Compared to Its Native Congener During Pathogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E4916. [PMID: 31623404 PMCID: PMC6801458 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20194916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Invasive plants are a huge burden on the environment, and modify local ecosystems by affecting the indigenous biodiversity. Invasive plants are generally less affected by pathogens, although the underlying molecular mechanisms responsible for their enhanced resistance are unknown. We investigated expression profiles of three defense hormones (salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, and ethylene) and their associated genes in the invasive weed, Alternanthera philoxeroides, and its native congener, A. sessilis, after inoculation with Rhizoctonia solani. Pathogenicity tests showed significantly slower disease progression in A. philoxeroides compared to A. sessilis. Expression analyses revealed jasmonic acid (JA) and ethylene (ET) expressions were differentially regulated between A. philoxeroides and A. sessilis, with the former having prominent antagonistic cross-talk between salicylic acid (SA) and JA, and the latter showing weak or no cross-talk during disease development. We also found that JA levels decreased and SA levels increased during disease development in A. philoxeroides. Variations in hormonal gene expression between the invasive and native species (including interspecific differences in the strength of antagonistic cross-talk) were identified during R. solani pathogenesis. Thus, plant hormones and their cross-talk signaling may improve the resistance of invasive A. philoxeroides to pathogens, which has implications for other invasive species during the invasion process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharani Manoharan
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, Academy of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
| | - Shan-Shan Qi
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, Academy of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - Vignesh Dhandapani
- Environmental Genomics Group, School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Qi Chen
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
| | - Susan Rutherford
- The Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust, Mrs Macquaries Road, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia.
| | - Justin Sh Wan
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
- The Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust, Mrs Macquaries Road, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia.
| | - Sridharan Jegadeesan
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 761001, Israel.
| | - Hong-Yu Yang
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
| | - Qin Li
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
| | - Jian Li
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, Academy of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
| | - Zhi-Cong Dai
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, Academy of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
- Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Xuefu Road 301, Zhenjiang 212013, China..
| | - Dao-Lin Du
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, Academy of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
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32
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Essl F, Dullinger S, Genovesi P, Hulme PE, Jeschke JM, Katsanevakis S, Kühn I, Lenzner B, Pauchard A, Pyšek P, Rabitsch W, Richardson DM, Seebens H, van Kleunen M, van der Putten WH, Vilà M, Bacher S. A Conceptual Framework for Range-Expanding Species that Track Human-Induced Environmental Change. Bioscience 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/biosci/biz101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
For many species, human-induced environmental changes are important indirect drivers of range expansion into new regions. We argue that it is important to distinguish the range dynamics of such species from those that occur without, or with less clear, involvement of human-induced environmental changes. We elucidate the salient features of the rapid increase in the number of species whose range dynamics are human induced, and review the relationships and differences to both natural range expansion and biological invasions. We discuss the consequences for science, policy and management in an era of rapid global change and highlight four key challenges relating to basic gaps in knowledge, and the transfer of scientific understanding to biodiversity management and policy. We conclude that range-expanding species responding to human-induced environmental change will become an essential feature for biodiversity management and science in the Anthropocene. Finally, we propose the term neonative for these taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franz Essl
- Division of Conservation Biology, Vegetation and Landscape Ecology, University of Vienna, in Vienna, Austria
- Department of Botany and Zoology, at Stellenbosch University, in Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Stefan Dullinger
- Division of Conservation Biology, Vegetation and Landscape Ecology, University of Vienna, in Vienna, Austria
| | - Piero Genovesi
- Institute for Environmental Protection and Research and is chair of the IUCN SSC Invasive Species Specialist Group, in Rome, Italy
| | - Philip E Hulme
- Bio-Protection Research Centre, at Lincoln University, in Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Jonathan M Jeschke
- Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Biology, Chemistry, and Pharmacy's Institute of Biology, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Ingolf Kühn
- Department of Community Ecology, Halle, Germany
- Martin Luther University Halle–Wittenberg Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Halle, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research Halle–Jena–Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Bernd Lenzner
- Division of Conservation Biology, Vegetation and Landscape Ecology, University of Vienna, in Vienna, Austria
| | - Aníbal Pauchard
- Laboratorio de Invasiones Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Forestales, at the University of Concepcion, in Concepción, Chile
- Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity, in Santiago, Chile
| | - Petr Pyšek
- Department of Invasion Ecology, in Průhonice, Czech Republic
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, at Charles University, in Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Wolfgang Rabitsch
- Environment Agency Austria's Department of Biodiversity and Nature Conservation, in Vienna, Austria
| | - David M Richardson
- Department of Botany and Zoology, at Stellenbosch University, in Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Hanno Seebens
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, in Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Mark van Kleunen
- Ecology section of the Department of Biology at the University of Konstanz, in Konstanz, Germany
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, at Taizhou University, in Taizhou, China
| | - Wim H van der Putten
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology, in Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Nematology at Wageningen University and Research Centre, in Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Sven Bacher
- Department of Biology at the University of Fribourg, in Fribourg, Switzerland
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33
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Rinella MJ, Reinhart KO. Toward more robust plant-soil feedback research. Ecology 2019; 99:550-556. [PMID: 29345304 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.2146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Understanding if and how plant-soil biota feedbacks (PSFs) shape plant communities has become a major research priority. In this paper, we draw on a recent, high-profile PSF study to illustrate that certain widely used experimental methods cannot reliably determine if PSFs occur. One problem involves gathering soil samples adjacent to multiple conditioning plants, mixing the samples and then growing phytometers in the mixtures to test for PSFs. This mixed soil approach does not establish that the conditioning plant being present caused the soil biota to be present, the first step of a PSF. Also, soil mixing approximates replacing raw data with averages prior to analysis, a move certain to generate falsely precise statistical estimates. False precision also results from sample sizes being artificially inflated when phytometers are misinterpreted as experimental units. Plant biomass ratios become another source of false precision when individual plant values contribute to multiple ratio observations. Any one of these common missteps can cause still living null hypotheses to be pronounced dead, and risks of this increase with numbers of missteps. If soil organisms truly structure plant communities, then null hypotheses indicating otherwise will not survive proper testing. We discuss conceptual, experimental and analytical refinements to facilitate accurate testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Rinella
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Fort Keogh Livestock and Range Research Laboratory, 243 Fort Keogh Road, Miles City, Montana, 59301, USA
| | - Kurt O Reinhart
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Fort Keogh Livestock and Range Research Laboratory, 243 Fort Keogh Road, Miles City, Montana, 59301, USA
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34
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Wilschut RA, Geisen S, Martens H, Kostenko O, de Hollander M, ten Hooven FC, Weser C, Snoek LB, Bloem J, Caković D, Čelik T, Koorem K, Krigas N, Manrubia M, Ramirez KS, Tsiafouli MA, Vreš B, van der Putten WH. Latitudinal variation in soil nematode communities under climate warming-related range-expanding and native plants. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2019; 25:2714-2726. [PMID: 31002208 PMCID: PMC6617783 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Current climate change has led to latitudinal and altitudinal range expansions of numerous species. During such range expansions, plant species are expected to experience changes in interactions with other organisms, especially with belowground biota that have a limited dispersal capacity. Nematodes form a key component of the belowground food web as they include bacterivores, fungivores, omnivores and root herbivores. However, their community composition under climate change-driven intracontinental range-expanding plants has been studied almost exclusively under controlled conditions, whereas little is known about actual patterns in the field. Here, we use novel molecular sequencing techniques combined with morphological quantification in order to examine nematode communities in the rhizospheres of four range-expanding and four congeneric native species along a 2,000 km latitudinal transect from South-Eastern to North-Western Europe. We tested the hypotheses that latitudinal shifts in nematode community composition are stronger in range-expanding plant species than in congeneric natives and that in their new range, range-expanding plant species accumulate fewest root-feeding nematodes. Our results show latitudinal variation in nematode community composition of both range expanders and native plant species, while operational taxonomic unit richness remained the same across ranges. Therefore, range-expanding plant species face different nematode communities at higher latitudes, but this is also the case for widespread native plant species. Only one of the four range-expanding plant species showed a stronger shift in nematode community composition than its congeneric native and accumulated fewer root-feeding nematodes in its new range. We conclude that variation in nematode community composition with increasing latitude occurs for both range-expanding and native plant species and that some range-expanding plant species may become released from root-feeding nematodes in the new range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rutger A. Wilschut
- Netherlands Institute of EcologyWageningenThe Netherlands
- Laboratory of NematologyWageningen UniversityWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Stefan Geisen
- Netherlands Institute of EcologyWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Henk Martens
- Netherlands Institute of EcologyWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Olga Kostenko
- Netherlands Institute of EcologyWageningenThe Netherlands
| | | | | | - Carolin Weser
- Netherlands Institute of EcologyWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - L. Basten Snoek
- Netherlands Institute of EcologyWageningenThe Netherlands
- Theoretical Biology and BioinformaticsUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Janneke Bloem
- Netherlands Institute of EcologyWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Danka Caković
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and MathematicsUniversity of MontenegroPodgoricaMontenegro
| | - Tatjana Čelik
- Biološki inštitut Jovana HadžijaZRC SAZULjubljanaSlovenia
| | - Kadri Koorem
- Netherlands Institute of EcologyWageningenThe Netherlands
- Department of Botany, Institute of Ecology and Earth SciencesUniversity of TartuTartuEstonia
| | - Nikos Krigas
- Department of Ecology, School of BiologyAristotle UniversityThessalonikiGreece
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic ResourcesHellenic Agricultural Organization DemeterThessalonikiGreece
| | - Marta Manrubia
- Netherlands Institute of EcologyWageningenThe Netherlands
| | | | - Maria A. Tsiafouli
- Department of Ecology, School of BiologyAristotle UniversityThessalonikiGreece
| | - Branko Vreš
- Biološki inštitut Jovana HadžijaZRC SAZULjubljanaSlovenia
| | - Wim H. van der Putten
- Netherlands Institute of EcologyWageningenThe Netherlands
- Laboratory of NematologyWageningen UniversityWageningenThe Netherlands
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35
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Peralta G, Schon NL, Dickie IA, St John MG, Orwin KH, Yeates GW, Peltzer DA. Contrasting responses of soil nematode communities to native and non-native woody plant expansion. Oecologia 2019; 190:891-899. [PMID: 31273519 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-019-04456-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Woody plant expansion into grasslands is widespread, driven by both successions to dominance by native woody species or invasion by non-native woody species. These shifts from grass- to woody-dominated systems also have profound effects on both above- and belowground communities and ecosystem processes. Woody-plant expansion should also alter the functional composition of the soil biota, including that of nematodes, which are major drivers of soil food-web structure and belowground processes, but such belowground impacts are poorly understood. We determined whether succession by a widespread native (Kunzea ericoides) and invasion by a non-native woody species (Pinus nigra) into tussock grasslands affect the composition of nematode functional guilds and the structure of nematode-based food webs. Although increasing dominance by woody species in both systems altered the functional guild composition of the nematode community, we found contrasting responses of nematode functional guilds to the different dominant plant species. Specifically, nematode communities reflected conditions of resource enrichment with increasing K. ericoides tree cover, whereas communities became structurally simplified and dominated by stress-tolerant nematode families with increasing P. nigra tree cover. Because nematodes regulate both bacterial- and fungal-dominated food webs in soils, these shifts could in turn alter multiple ecosystem processes belowground such as nutrient cycling. Incorporating species' functional traits into the assessment of habitat-change impacts on communities can greatly improve our understanding of species responses to environmental changes and their consequences in ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guadalupe Peralta
- Manaaki Whenua Landcare Research, Lincoln, New Zealand. .,School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand.
| | | | - Ian A Dickie
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand.,Bio-Protection Research Centre, Lincoln, New Zealand
| | | | - Kate H Orwin
- Manaaki Whenua Landcare Research, Lincoln, New Zealand
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36
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Verbeek JD, Kotanen PM. Soil-mediated impacts of an invasive thistle inhibit the recruitment of certain native plants. Oecologia 2019; 190:619-628. [DOI: 10.1007/s00442-019-04435-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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37
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Wilschut RA, van der Putten WH, Garbeva P, Harkes P, Konings W, Kulkarni P, Martens H, Geisen S. Root traits and belowground herbivores relate to plant-soil feedback variation among congeners. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1564. [PMID: 30952863 PMCID: PMC6450911 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09615-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant–soil feedbacks contribute to vegetation dynamics by species-specific interactions between plants and soil biota. Variation in plant–soil feedbacks can be predicted by root traits, successional position, and plant nativeness. However, it is unknown whether closely related plant species develop more similar plant–soil feedbacks than more distantly related species. Where previous comparisons included plant species from distant phylogenetic positions, we studied plant–soil feedbacks of congeneric species. Using eight intra-continentally range-expanding and native Geranium species, we tested relations between phylogenetic distances, chemical and structural root traits, root microbiomes, and plant–soil feedbacks. We show that root chemistry and specific root length better predict bacterial and fungal community composition than phylogenetic distance. Negative plant–soil feedback strength correlates with root-feeding nematode numbers, whereas microbiome dissimilarity, nativeness, or phylogeny does not predict plant–soil feedbacks. We conclude that root microbiome variation among congeners is best explained by root traits, and that root-feeding nematode abundances predict plant–soil feedbacks. Most studies of plant–soil feedbacks and associated traits look at remotely-related species. Here the authors look at congeners, and show that nematode-driven plant–soil feedbacks depend on root chemical and morphological traits, independent of phylogenetic distance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rutger A Wilschut
- Laboratory of Nematology, Wageningen University, PO Box 8123, Droevendaalsesteeg, 16700 ES, Wageningen, The Netherlands. .,Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology, PO Box 50, Droevendaalsesteeg, 106700 AB, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Wim H van der Putten
- Laboratory of Nematology, Wageningen University, PO Box 8123, Droevendaalsesteeg, 16700 ES, Wageningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology, PO Box 50, Droevendaalsesteeg, 106700 AB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Paolina Garbeva
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology, PO Box 50, Droevendaalsesteeg, 106700 AB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Paula Harkes
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology, PO Box 50, Droevendaalsesteeg, 106700 AB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter Konings
- Laboratory of Nematology, Wageningen University, PO Box 8123, Droevendaalsesteeg, 16700 ES, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Purva Kulkarni
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology, PO Box 50, Droevendaalsesteeg, 106700 AB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Henk Martens
- Laboratory of Nematology, Wageningen University, PO Box 8123, Droevendaalsesteeg, 16700 ES, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan Geisen
- Laboratory of Nematology, Wageningen University, PO Box 8123, Droevendaalsesteeg, 16700 ES, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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38
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Ramirez KS, Snoek LB, Koorem K, Geisen S, Bloem LJ, Ten Hooven F, Kostenko O, Krigas N, Manrubia M, Caković D, van Raaij D, Tsiafouli MA, Vreš B, Čelik T, Weser C, Wilschut RA, van der Putten WH. Range-expansion effects on the belowground plant microbiome. Nat Ecol Evol 2019; 3:604-611. [PMID: 30911144 PMCID: PMC6443080 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-019-0828-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Plant range expansion is occurring at a rapid pace, largely in response to human-induced climate warming. Although the movement of plants along latitudinal and altitudinal gradients is well-documented, effects on belowground microbial communities remain largely unknown. Furthermore, for range expansion, not all plant species are equal: in a new range, the relatedness between range-expanding plant species and native flora can influence plant-microorganism interactions. Here we use a latitudinal gradient spanning 3,000 km across Europe to examine bacterial and fungal communities in the rhizosphere and surrounding soils of range-expanding plant species. We selected range-expanding plants with and without congeneric native species in the new range and, as a control, the congeneric native species, totalling 382 plant individuals collected across Europe. In general, the status of a plant as a range-expanding plant was a weak predictor of the composition of bacterial and fungal communities. However, microbial communities of range-expanding plant species became more similar to each other further from their original range. Range-expanding plants that were unrelated to the native community also experienced a decrease in the ratio of plant pathogens to symbionts, giving weak support to the enemy release hypothesis. Even at a continental scale, the effects of plant range expansion on the belowground microbiome are detectable, although changes to specific taxa remain difficult to decipher.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly S Ramirez
- Netherlands Institute of Ecology, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - L Basten Snoek
- Netherlands Institute of Ecology, Wageningen, the Netherlands.,Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.,Laboratory of Nematology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Kadri Koorem
- Netherlands Institute of Ecology, Wageningen, the Netherlands.,Department of Botany, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Stefan Geisen
- Netherlands Institute of Ecology, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - L Janneke Bloem
- Netherlands Institute of Ecology, Wageningen, the Netherlands.,Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Olga Kostenko
- Netherlands Institute of Ecology, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Nikos Krigas
- Department of Ecology, School of Biology, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece.,Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, Hellenic Agricultural Organization Demeter, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Marta Manrubia
- Netherlands Institute of Ecology, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Danka Caković
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Montenegro, Podgorica, Montenegro
| | | | - Maria A Tsiafouli
- Department of Ecology, School of Biology, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Branko Vreš
- Biološki inštitut Jovana Hadžija, ZRC SAZU, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tatjana Čelik
- Biološki inštitut Jovana Hadžija, ZRC SAZU, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Carolin Weser
- Netherlands Institute of Ecology, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Rutger A Wilschut
- Netherlands Institute of Ecology, Wageningen, the Netherlands.,Laboratory of Nematology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Wim H van der Putten
- Netherlands Institute of Ecology, Wageningen, the Netherlands.,Laboratory of Nematology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
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39
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Manrubia M, Snoek LB, Weser C, Veen GF, van der Putten WH. Belowground Consequences of Intracontinental Range-Expanding Plants and Related Natives in Novel Environments. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:505. [PMID: 30936858 PMCID: PMC6431654 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduced exotic plant species that originate from other continents are known to alter soil microbial community composition and nutrient cycling. Plant species that expand range to higher latitudes and altitudes as a consequence of current climate warming might as well affect the composition and functioning of native soil communities in their new range. However, the functional consequences of plant origin have been poorly studied in the case of plant range shifts. Here, we determined rhizosphere bacterial communities of four intracontinental range-expanding plant species in comparison with their four congeneric natives grown in soils collected from underneath those plant species in the field and in soils that are novel to them. We show that, when controlling for both species relatedness and soil characteristics, range-expanding plant species in higher latitude ecosystems will influence soil bacterial community composition and nutrient cycling in a manner similar to congeneric related native species. Our results highlight the importance to include phylogenetically controlled comparisons to disentangle the effect of origin from the effect of contrasting plant traits in the context of exotic plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Manrubia
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - L. Basten Snoek
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, Netherlands
- Laboratory of Nematology, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Wageningen, Netherlands
- Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Carolin Weser
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - G. F. Veen
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Wim H. van der Putten
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, Netherlands
- Laboratory of Nematology, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Wageningen, Netherlands
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40
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Lu-Irving P, Harenčár JG, Sounart H, Welles SR, Swope SM, Baltrus DA, Dlugosch KM. Native and Invading Yellow Starthistle (Centaurea solstitialis) Microbiomes Differ in Composition and Diversity of Bacteria. mSphere 2019; 4:e00088-19. [PMID: 30842267 PMCID: PMC6403453 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00088-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Invasive species could benefit from being introduced to locations with more favorable species interactions, including the loss of enemies, the gain of mutualists, or the simplification of complex interaction networks. Microbiomes are an important source of species interactions with strong fitness effects on multicellular organisms, and these interactions are known to vary across regions. The highly invasive plant yellow starthistle (Centaurea solstitialis) has been shown to experience more favorable microbial interactions in its invasions of the Americas, but the microbiome that must contribute to this variation in interactions is unknown. We sequenced amplicons of 16S rRNA genes to characterize bacterial community compositions in the phyllosphere, ectorhizosphere, and endorhizosphere of yellow starthistle plants from seven invading populations in California, USA, and eight native populations in Europe. We tested for the differentiation of microbiomes by geography, plant compartment, and plant genotype. Bacterial communities differed significantly between native and invading plants within plant compartments, with consistently lower diversity in the microbiome of invading plants. The diversity of bacteria in roots was positively correlated with plant genotype diversity within both ranges, but this relationship did not explain microbiome differences between ranges. Our results reveal that these invading plants are experiencing either a simplified microbial environment or simplified microbial interactions as a result of the dominance of a few taxa within their microbiome. Our findings highlight several alternative hypotheses for the sources of variation that we observe in invader microbiomes and the potential for altered bacterial interactions to facilitate invasion success.IMPORTANCE Previous studies have found that introduced plants commonly experience more favorable microbial interactions in their non-native range, suggesting that changes to the microbiome could be an important contributor to invasion success. Little is known about microbiome variation across native and invading populations, however, and the potential sources of more favorable interactions are undescribed. Here, we report one of the first microbiome comparisons of plants from multiple native and invading populations, in the noxious weed yellow starthistle. We identify clear differences in composition and diversity of microbiome bacteria. Our findings raise new questions about the sources of these differences, and we outline the next generation of research that will be required to connect microbiome variation to its potential role in plant invasions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Lu-Irving
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
- Evolutionary Ecology, Royal Botanic Gardens Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Julia G Harenčár
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, California, USA
| | - Hailey Sounart
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
- Department of Biology, Mills College, Oakland, California, USA
| | - Shana R Welles
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Sarah M Swope
- Department of Biology, Mills College, Oakland, California, USA
| | - David A Baltrus
- School of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Katrina M Dlugosch
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
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41
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Lu X, He M, Ding J, Siemann E. Latitudinal variation in soil biota: testing the biotic interaction hypothesis with an invasive plant and a native congener. THE ISME JOURNAL 2018; 12:2811-2822. [PMID: 30013163 PMCID: PMC6246596 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-018-0219-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Soil biota community structure can change with latitude, but the effects of changes on native plants, invasive plants, and their herbivores remain unclear. Here, we examined latitudinal variation in the soil biota community associated with the invasive plant Alternanthera philoxeroides and its native congener A. sessilis, and the effects of soil biota community variation on these plants and the beetle Agasicles hygrophila. We characterized the soil bacterial and fungal communities and root-knot nematodes of plant rhizospheres collected from 22 °N to 36.6 °N in China. Soil biota community structure changed with latitude as a function of climate and soil properties. Root-knot nematode abundance and potential soil fungal pathogen diversity (classified with FUNGuild) decreased with latitude, apparently due to higher soil pH and lower temperatures. A greenhouse experiment and lab bioassay showed native plant mass, seed production, and mass of beetles fed native foliage increased with soil collection latitude. However, there were no latitudinal patterns for the invasive plant. These results suggest that invasive and native plants and, consequently, their herbivores have different responses to latitudinal changes in soil-borne enemies, potentially creating spatial variation in enemy release or biotic resistance. This highlights the importance of linking above- and below-ground multitrophic interactions to explore the role of soil biota in non-native plant invasions with a biogeographic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinmin Lu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
- School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - Minyan He
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jianqing Ding
- College of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China.
| | - Evan Siemann
- Biosciences Department, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
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42
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Bolin LG, Benning JW, Moeller DA. Mycorrhizal interactions do not influence plant-herbivore interactions in populations of Clarkia xantiana ssp. xantiana spanning from center to margin of the geographic range. Ecol Evol 2018; 8:10743-10753. [PMID: 30519403 PMCID: PMC6262727 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Multispecies interactions can be important to the expression of phenotypes and in determining patterns of individual fitness in nature. Many plants engage in symbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), but the extent to which AMF modulate other species interactions remains poorly understood. We examined multispecies interactions among plants, AMF, and insect herbivores under drought stress using a greenhouse experiment and herbivore choice assays. The experiment included six populations of Clarkia xantiana (Onagraceae), which span a complex environmental gradient in the Southern Sierra Nevada of California. Clarkia xantiana's developing fruits are commonly attacked by grasshoppers at the end of the growing season, and the frequency of attack is more common in populations from the range center than range margin. We found that AMF negatively influenced all metrics of plant growth and reproduction across all populations, presumably because plants supplied carbon to AMF but did not benefit substantially from resources potentially supplied by the AMF. The fruits of plants infected with AMF did not differ from those without AMF in their resistance to grasshoppers. There was significant variation among populations in damage from herbivores but did not reflect the center-to-margin pattern of herbivory observed in the field. In sum, our results do not support the view that AMF interactions modulate plant-herbivore interactions in this system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lana G. Bolin
- Department of Plant and Microbial BiologyUniversity of MinnesotaSt. PaulMinnesota
| | - John W. Benning
- Department of Plant and Microbial BiologyUniversity of MinnesotaSt. PaulMinnesota
| | - David A. Moeller
- Department of Plant and Microbial BiologyUniversity of MinnesotaSt. PaulMinnesota
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43
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Wilschut RA, Kostenko O, Koorem K, van der Putten WH. Nematode community responses to range-expanding and native plant communities in original and new range soils. Ecol Evol 2018; 8:10288-10297. [PMID: 30397466 PMCID: PMC6206179 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Many plant species expand their range to higher latitudes in response to climate change. However, it is poorly understood how biotic interactions in the new range differ from interactions in the original range. Here, in a mesocosm experiment, we analyze nematode community responses in original and new range soils to plant communities with either (a) species native in both the original and new range, (b) range-expanding species related to these natives (related range expanders), or (c) range expanders without native congeneric species in the new range (unrelated range expanders). We hypothesized that nematode community shifts between ranges are strongest for unrelated range expanders and minimal for plant species that are native in both ranges. As a part of these community shifts, we hypothesized that range expanders, but not natives, would accumulate fewer root-feeding nematodes in their new range compared to their original range. Analyses of responses of nematodes from both original and new ranges and comparison between range expanders with and without close relatives have not been made before. Our study reveals that none of the plant communities experienced evident nematode community shifts between the original and new range. However, in soils from the new range, root-feeding nematode communities of natives and related range expanders were more similar than in soils from the original range, whereas the nematode community of unrelated range expanders was distinct from the communities of natives and related range expanders in soils from both ranges. The abundances of root-feeding nematodes were comparable between the original and new range for all plant communities. Unexpectedly, unrelated range expanders overall accumulated most root-feeding nematodes, whereas related range expanders accumulated fewest. We conclude that nematode communities associated with native and range-expanding plant species differ between the original and the new range, but that range-expanding plant species do not accumulate fewer root-feeding nematodes in their new than in their original range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rutger A. Wilschut
- Department of Terrestrial EcologyNetherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO‐KNAW)WageningenThe Netherlands
- Laboratory of NematologyWageningen UniversityWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Olga Kostenko
- Department of Terrestrial EcologyNetherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO‐KNAW)WageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Kadri Koorem
- Department of Terrestrial EcologyNetherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO‐KNAW)WageningenThe Netherlands
- Department of BotanyInstitute of Ecology and Earth SciencesUniversity of TartuTartuEstonia
| | - Wim H. van der Putten
- Department of Terrestrial EcologyNetherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO‐KNAW)WageningenThe Netherlands
- Laboratory of NematologyWageningen UniversityWageningenThe Netherlands
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Cardinaux A, Hart SP, Alexander JM. Do soil biota influence the outcome of novel interactions between plant competitors? THE JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY 2018; 106:1853-1863. [PMID: 30765896 PMCID: PMC6372059 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2745.13029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
1. Species are shifting their ranges, for example to higher elevations, in response to climate change. Different plant species and soil microbiota will likely shift their ranges at different rates, giving rise to novel communities of plants and soil organisms. However, the ecological consequences of such novel plant-soil interactions are poorly understood. We experimentally simulated scenarios for novel interactions arising between high- and low elevation plants and soil biota following asynchronous climate change range shifts, asking to what extent the ability of plants to coexist depends on the origin of the soil biota. 2. In a greenhouse experiment, we grew pairs of low- (Poa trivialis and Plantago lanceolata) and high- (Poa alpina and Plantago alpina) elevation plant species alone and against a density gradient of con- or heterospecific neighbours. Plants grew on sterilized field soil that was inoculated with a soil community sampled from either low- or high elevation in the western Swiss Alps. We used the experiment to parameterize competition models, from which we predicted the population-level outcomes of competition in the presence of the different soil biota. 3. In the absence of neighbours, three of the four species produced more biomass with the low elevation soil biota. As a result of generally similar responses across plant species, soil biota tended not to affect plant interaction outcomes, with the low elevation species generally predicted to competitively exclude high elevation species irrespective of the soil biota origin. However, the low elevation grass Poa trivialis was only able to invade communities of Poa alpina in the presence of a low elevation soil biota. This suggests that, at least in some cases, the outcome of novel competitive interactions between plants following climate change will depend on whether shifts in the distribution of plant and soil organisms are asynchronous. 4. Synthesis. Our results indicate that the changing soil communities that plants encounter during range expansion can influence plant performance. However, this is only likely to alter expectations for the ability of plants to coexist following climate change if plant species respond differently to the change in the soil community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Cardinaux
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Simon P. Hart
- Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zurich, Universitätstrasse 16, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jake M. Alexander
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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Radny J, Meyer KM. The role of biotic factors during plant establishment in novel communities assessed with an agent-based simulation model. PeerJ 2018; 6:e5342. [PMID: 30123698 PMCID: PMC6087422 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.5342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Establishment success of non-native species is not only influenced by environmental conditions, but also by interactions with local competitors and enemies. The magnitude of these biotic interactions is mediated by species traits that reflect competitive strength or defence mechanisms. Our aim was to investigate the importance of species traits for successful establishment of non-native species in a native community exhibiting biotic resistance in the form of competition and herbivory. METHODS We developed a trait-based, individual-based simulation model tracking the survival of non-native plants in a native community. In the model, non-native plants are characterized by high or low values of competition and defence traits. Model scenarios included variation of initial number of non-natives, intensity of competitive interaction, density of herbivores and density as well as mixture of the native community. RESULTS Traits related to competition had a much greater impact on survival of non-native species than traits related to defence. Survival rates of strong competitors never fell below 50% while survival of weak competitors averaged at about 10%. Weak competitors were also much more susceptible to competitive pressures such as community density, composition and competition intensity. Strong competitors responded negatively to changes in competition intensity, but hardly to composition or density of the native community. High initial numbers of non-native individuals decreased survival rate of strong competitors, but increased the survival rate of weak competitors. Survival under herbivore attack was only slightly higher for plants with high defensive ability than for those with low defensive ability. Surprisingly, though, herbivory increased survival of species classified as weak competitors. DISCUSSION High survival rates of strong non-native competitors relate to a higher probability of successful establishment than for weak competitors. However, the reduced survival of strong competitors at high initial numbers indicates a self-thinning effect, probably mediated by a strongly competitive milieu. For weak competitors, our model emphasizes positive effects of high propagule pressure known from field studies. General effects of herbivory or defence abilities on survival were not supported by our model. However, the positive effect of herbivory on survival of weak competitors indicated side effects of herbivory, such as weakening resident competitors. This might play an important role for establishment of non-natives in a new community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janina Radny
- Department of Ecosystem Modelling, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Katrin M. Meyer
- Department of Ecosystem Modelling, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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Fry EL, Johnson GN, Hall AL, Pritchard WJ, Bullock JM, Bardgett RD. Drought neutralises plant-soil feedback of two mesic grassland forbs. Oecologia 2018; 186:1113-1125. [PMID: 29399737 PMCID: PMC5859691 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-018-4082-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Plant-soil feedbacks (PSFs) describe the effect of a plant species on soil properties, which affect the performance of future generations. Here we test the hypothesis that drought alters PSFs by reducing plant-microbe associations and nutrient uptake. We chose two grassland forb species, previously shown to respond differently to soil conditioning and drought, to test our hypothesis. We conditioned unsterilised grassland soil with one generation of each species, and left a third soil unconditioned. We grew a second generation consisting of each combination of plant species, soil, and drought in a full factorial design, and measured soil microbial community and nutrient availability. Scabiosa columbaria displayed negative PSF (smaller plants) under non-droughted conditions, but neutral under drought, suggesting that drought disrupts plant-soil interactions and can advantage the plant. Photosynthetic efficiency of S. columbaria was reduced under drought, but recovered on rewetting regardless of soil conditioning, indicating that PSFs do not impede resilience of this species. Sanguisorba minor showed positive PSFs (larger plants), probably due to an increase in soil N in conspecific soil, but neutral PSF under drought. PSF neutralisation appeared to occur through drought-induced change in the soil microbial community for this species. When S. minor was planted in conspecific soil, photosynthetic efficiency declined to almost zero, with no recovery following rewetting. We attributed this to increased demand for water through higher demand for nutrients with positive PSF. Here we show that drought neutralises PSFs of two grassland forbs, which could have implications for plant communities under climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen L Fry
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Michael Smith Building, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK.
| | - Giles N Johnson
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Michael Smith Building, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Amy L Hall
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Michael Smith Building, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - W James Pritchard
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Michael Smith Building, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - James M Bullock
- NERC Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Maclean Building, Benson Lane, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, Oxfordshire, OX10 8BB, UK
| | - Richard D Bardgett
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Michael Smith Building, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
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Geisen S, Snoek LB, ten Hooven FC, Duyts H, Kostenko O, Bloem J, Martens H, Quist CW, Helder JA, der Putten WH. Integrating quantitative morphological and qualitative molecular methods to analyse soil nematode community responses to plant range expansion. Methods Ecol Evol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/2041-210x.12999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Geisen
- Department of Terrestrial EcologyNetherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO‐KNAW) Wageningen The Netherlands
- Laboratory of NematologyWageningen University Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - L. Basten Snoek
- Department of Terrestrial EcologyNetherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO‐KNAW) Wageningen The Netherlands
- Laboratory of NematologyWageningen University Wageningen The Netherlands
- Theoretical Biology and BioinformaticsUtrecht University Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Freddy C. ten Hooven
- Department of Terrestrial EcologyNetherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO‐KNAW) Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - Henk Duyts
- Department of Terrestrial EcologyNetherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO‐KNAW) Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - Olga Kostenko
- Department of Terrestrial EcologyNetherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO‐KNAW) Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - Janneke Bloem
- Department of Terrestrial EcologyNetherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO‐KNAW) Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - Henk Martens
- Department of Terrestrial EcologyNetherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO‐KNAW) Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - Casper W. Quist
- Laboratory of NematologyWageningen University Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - Johannes A. Helder
- Laboratory of NematologyWageningen University Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - Wim H. der Putten
- Department of Terrestrial EcologyNetherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO‐KNAW) Wageningen The Netherlands
- Laboratory of NematologyWageningen University Wageningen The Netherlands
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Kempel A, Rindisbacher A, Fischer M, Allan E. Plant soil feedback strength in relation to large-scale plant rarity and phylogenetic relatedness. Ecology 2018; 99:597-606. [DOI: 10.1002/ecy.2145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Kempel
- Institute of Plant Sciences; Altenbergrain 21 3013 Bern Switzerland
| | | | - Markus Fischer
- Institute of Plant Sciences; Altenbergrain 21 3013 Bern Switzerland
| | - Eric Allan
- Institute of Plant Sciences; Altenbergrain 21 3013 Bern Switzerland
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Koorem K, Kostenko O, Snoek LB, Weser C, Ramirez KS, Wilschut RA, van der Putten WH. Relatedness with plant species in native community influences ecological consequences of range expansions. OIKOS 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.04817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kadri Koorem
- Dept of Terrestrial Ecology; Netherlands Inst. of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW); PO Box 50 NL-6700AB Wageningen the Netherlands
- Dept of Botany; Inst. of Ecology and Earth Sciences, Univ. of Tartu; Tartu Estonia
| | - Olga Kostenko
- Dept of Terrestrial Ecology; Netherlands Inst. of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW); PO Box 50 NL-6700AB Wageningen the Netherlands
| | - L. Basten Snoek
- Dept of Terrestrial Ecology; Netherlands Inst. of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW); PO Box 50 NL-6700AB Wageningen the Netherlands
- Laboratory of Nematology; Wageningen Univ.; Wageningen the Netherlands
| | - Carolin Weser
- Dept of Terrestrial Ecology; Netherlands Inst. of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW); PO Box 50 NL-6700AB Wageningen the Netherlands
| | - Kelly S. Ramirez
- Dept of Terrestrial Ecology; Netherlands Inst. of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW); PO Box 50 NL-6700AB Wageningen the Netherlands
| | - Rutger A. Wilschut
- Dept of Terrestrial Ecology; Netherlands Inst. of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW); PO Box 50 NL-6700AB Wageningen the Netherlands
- Laboratory of Nematology; Wageningen Univ.; Wageningen the Netherlands
| | - Wim H. van der Putten
- Dept of Terrestrial Ecology; Netherlands Inst. of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW); PO Box 50 NL-6700AB Wageningen the Netherlands
- Laboratory of Nematology; Wageningen Univ.; Wageningen the Netherlands
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Nunes KA, Kotanen PM. Comparative impacts of aboveground and belowground enemies on an invasive thistle. Ecol Evol 2018; 8:1430-1440. [PMID: 29435222 PMCID: PMC5792520 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.3751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 11/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Most research examining how herbivores and pathogens affect performance of invasive plants focuses on aboveground interactions. Although important, the role of belowground communities remains poorly understood, and the relative impact of aboveground and belowground interactions is still debated. As well, most studies of belowground interactions have been carried out in controlled environments, so little is known about the role of these interactions under natural conditions or how these relationships may change across a plant's range. Using the invasive plant Cirsium arvense, we performed a reciprocal transplant experiment to test the relative impacts of above- and belowground interactions at three sites across a 509-km latitudinal gradient in its invaded range in Ontario, Canada. At each site, C. arvense seedlings were protected with above- and/or belowground exclosures in a factorial design. Plant performance (biomass, height, stem thickness, number of leaves, length of longest leaf, maximum rhizome length) was greatest when both above- and belowground exclosures were applied and lowest when no exclosures were applied. When only one type of exclosure was applied, biomass generally improved more with belowground exclosures than with aboveground exclosures. Despite site-to-site differences in foliar damage, root damage, and mesofaunal populations, belowground interactions generally had a greater negative impact on performance than aboveground herbivory alone. These results stress the importance of including both aboveground enemy interactions and plant-soil interactions in studies of plant community dynamics and invader performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krystal A. Nunes
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of Toronto MississaugaMississaugaONCanada
| | - Peter M. Kotanen
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of Toronto MississaugaMississaugaONCanada
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