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Park IW, Fiadjoe HK, Chaudhary P. Impact of Annexin A2 on virus life cycles. Virus Res 2024; 345:199384. [PMID: 38702018 PMCID: PMC11091703 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2024.199384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Due to the limited size of viral genomes, hijacking host machinery by the viruses taking place throughout the virus life cycle is inevitable for the survival and proliferation of the virus in the infected hosts. Recent reports indicated that Annexin A2 (AnxA2), a calcium- and lipid-binding cellular protein, plays an important role as a critical regulator in various steps of the virus life cycle. The multifarious AnxA2 functions in cells, such as adhesion, adsorption, endocytosis, exocytosis, cell proliferation and division, inflammation, cancer metastasis, angiogenesis, etc., are intimately related to the various clinical courses of viral infection. Ubiquitous expression of AnxA2 across multiple cell types indicates the broad range of susceptibility of diverse species of the virus to induce disparate viral disease in various tissues, and intracellular expression of AnxA2 in the cytoplasmic membrane, cytosol, and nucleus suggests the involvement of AnxA2 in the regulation of the different stages of various virus life cycles within host cells. However, it is yet unclear as to the molecular processes on how AnxA2 and the infected virus interplay to regulate virus life cycles and thereby the virus-associated disease courses, and hence elucidation of the molecular mechanisms on AnxA2-mediated virus life cycle will provide essential clues to develop therapeutics deterring viral disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Woo Park
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Genetics, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, United States.
| | - Hope K Fiadjoe
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Genetics, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, United States
| | - Pankaj Chaudhary
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Genetics, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, United States.
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2
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Li K, Zhou Y, Zang M, Jin X, Li X. Therapeutic prospects of nectin-4 in cancer: applications and value. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1354543. [PMID: 38606099 PMCID: PMC11007101 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1354543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Nectin-4 is a Ca2+-independent immunoglobulin-like protein that exhibits significantly elevated expression in malignant tumors while maintaining extremely low levels in healthy adult tissues. In recent years, overexpression of Nectin-4 has been implicated in tumor occurrence and development of various cancers, including breast cancer, urothelial cancer, and lung cancer. In 2019, the Food and Drug Administration approved enfortumab vedotin, the first antibody-drug conjugate targeting Nectin-4, for the treatment of urothelial carcinoma. This has emphasized the value of Nectin-4 in tumor targeted therapy and promoted the implementation of more clinical trials of enfortumab vedotin. In addition, many new drugs targeting Nectin-4 for the treatment of malignant tumors have entered clinical trials, with the aim of exploring potential new indications. However, the exact mechanisms by which Nectin-4 affects tumorigenesis and progression are still unclear, and the emergence of drug resistance and treatment-related adverse reactions poses challenges. This article reviews the diagnostic potential, prognostic significance, and molecular role of Nectin-4 in tumors, with a focus on clinical trials in the field of Nectin-4-related tumor treatment and the development of new drugs targeting Nectin-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyue Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yujing Zhou
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Maolin Zang
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xin Jin
- Imaging Center, Jinan Third People’s Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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3
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Schmitz KS, Handrejk K, Liepina L, Bauer L, Haas GD, van Puijfelik F, Veldhuis Kroeze EJB, Riekstina M, Strautmanis J, Cao H, Verdijk RM, GeurtsvanKessel CH, van Boheemen S, van Riel D, Lee B, Porotto M, de Swart RL, de Vries RD. Functional properties of measles virus proteins derived from a subacute sclerosing panencephalitis patient who received repeated remdesivir treatments. J Virol 2024; 98:e0187423. [PMID: 38329336 PMCID: PMC10949486 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01874-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) is a rare but fatal late neurological complication of measles, caused by persistent measles virus (MeV) infection of the central nervous system. There are no drugs approved for the treatment of SSPE. Here, we followed the clinical progression of a 5-year-old SSPE patient after treatment with the nucleoside analog remdesivir, conducted a post-mortem evaluation of the patient's brain, and characterized the MeV detected in the brain. The quality of life of the patient transiently improved after the first two courses of remdesivir, but a third course had no further clinical effect, and the patient eventually succumbed to his condition. Post-mortem evaluation of the brain displayed histopathological changes including loss of neurons and demyelination paired with abundant presence of MeV RNA-positive cells throughout the brain. Next-generation sequencing of RNA isolated from the brain revealed a complete MeV genome with mutations that are typically detected in SSPE, characterized by a hypermutated M gene. Additional mutations were detected in the polymerase (L) gene, which were not associated with resistance to remdesivir. Functional characterization showed that mutations in the F gene led to a hyperfusogenic phenotype predominantly mediated by N465I. Additionally, recombinant wild-type-based MeV with the SSPE-F gene or the F gene with the N465I mutation was no longer lymphotropic but instead efficiently disseminated in neural cultures. Altogether, this case encourages further investigation of remdesivir as a potential treatment of SSPE and highlights the necessity to functionally understand SSPE-causing MeV.IMPORTANCEMeasles virus (MeV) causes acute, systemic disease and remains an important cause of morbidity and mortality in humans. Despite the lack of known entry receptors in the brain, MeV can persistently infect the brain causing the rare but fatal neurological disorder subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE). SSPE-causing MeVs are characterized by a hypermutated genome and a hyperfusogenic F protein that facilitates the rapid spread of MeV throughout the brain. No treatment against SSPE is available, but the nucleoside analog remdesivir was recently demonstrated to be effective against MeV in vitro. We show that treatment of an SSPE patient with remdesivir led to transient clinical improvement and did not induce viral escape mutants, encouraging the future use of remdesivir in SSPE patients. Functional characterization of the viral proteins sheds light on the shared properties of SSPE-causing MeVs and further contributes to understanding how those viruses cause disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kim Handrejk
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lelde Liepina
- Clinic for Pediatric Neurology and Neurosurgery, Children’s Clinical University Hospital, Riga, Latvia
| | - Lisa Bauer
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Griffin D. Haas
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | | | | | - Marta Riekstina
- Department of Pathology, Children’s Clinical University Hospital, Riga, Latvia
| | - Jurgis Strautmanis
- Clinic for Pediatric Neurology and Neurosurgery, Children’s Clinical University Hospital, Riga, Latvia
| | - Huyen Cao
- Departments of Clinical Research, Biometrics, and Virology, Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, California, USA
| | - Robert M. Verdijk
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Debby van Riel
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Benhur Lee
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Matteo Porotto
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
- Center for Host–Pathogen Interaction, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Caserta, Italy
| | - Rik L. de Swart
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rory D. de Vries
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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4
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Schmitz KS, Rennick LJ, Tilston-Lunel NL, Comvalius AD, Laksono BM, Geers D, van Run P, de Vries RD, de Swart RL, Duprex WP. Rational attenuation of canine distemper virus (CDV) to develop a morbillivirus animal model that mimics measles in humans. J Virol 2024; 98:e0185023. [PMID: 38415596 PMCID: PMC10949419 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01850-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Morbilliviruses are members of the family Paramyxoviridae and are known for their ability to cause systemic disease in a variety of mammalian hosts. The prototypic morbillivirus, measles virus (MeV), infects humans and still causes morbidity and mortality in unvaccinated children and young adults. Experimental infection studies in non-human primates have contributed to the understanding of measles pathogenesis. However, ethical restrictions call for the development of new animal models. Canine distemper virus (CDV) infects a wide range of animals, including ferrets, and its pathogenesis shares many features with measles. However, wild-type CDV infection is almost always lethal, while MeV infection is usually self-limiting. Here, we made five recombinant CDVs, predicted to be attenuated, and compared their pathogenesis to the non-attenuated recombinant CDV in a ferret model. Three viruses were insufficiently attenuated based on clinical signs, fatality, and systemic infection, while one virus was too attenuated. The last candidate virus caused a self-limiting infection associated with transient viremia and viral dissemination to all lymphoid tissues, was shed transiently from the upper respiratory tract, and did not result in acute neurological signs. Additionally, an in-depth phenotyping of the infected white blood cells showed lower infection percentages in all lymphocyte subsets when compared to the non-attenuated CDV. In conclusion, infection models using this candidate virus mimic measles and can be used to study pathogenesis-related questions and to test interventions for morbilliviruses in a natural host species.IMPORTANCEMorbilliviruses are transmitted via the respiratory route but cause systemic disease. The viruses use two cellular receptors to infect myeloid, lymphoid, and epithelial cells. Measles virus (MeV) remains an important cause of morbidity and mortality in humans, requiring animal models to study pathogenesis or intervention strategies. Experimental MeV infections in non-human primates are restricted by ethical and practical constraints, and animal morbillivirus infections in natural host species have been considered as alternatives. Inoculation of ferrets with wild-type canine distemper virus (CDV) has been used for this purpose, but in most cases, the virus overwhelms the immune system and causes highly lethal disease. Introduction of an additional transcription unit and an additional attenuating point mutation in the polymerase yielded a candidate virus that caused self-limiting disease with transient viremia and virus shedding. This rationally attenuated CDV strain can be used for experimental morbillivirus infections in ferrets that reflect measles in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Linda J. Rennick
- Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Natasha L. Tilston-Lunel
- Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | | | - Daryl Geers
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Peter van Run
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rory D. de Vries
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rik L. de Swart
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - W. Paul Duprex
- Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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5
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Cai Q, Sun N, Zhang Y, Wang J, Pan C, Chen Y, Li L, Li X, Liu W, Aliyari SR, Yang H, Cheng G. Interferon-stimulated gene PVRL4 broadly suppresses viral entry by inhibiting viral-cellular membrane fusion. Cell Biosci 2024; 14:23. [PMID: 38368366 PMCID: PMC10873969 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-024-01202-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Viral infection elicits the type I interferon (IFN-I) response in host cells and subsequently inhibits viral infection through inducing hundreds of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) that counteract many steps in the virus life cycle. However, most of ISGs have unclear functions and mechanisms in viral infection. Thus, more work is required to elucidate the role and mechanisms of individual ISGs against different types of viruses. RESULTS Herein, we demonstrate that poliovirus receptor-like protein4 (PVRL4) is an ISG strongly induced by IFN-I stimulation and various viral infections. Overexpression of PVRL4 protein broadly restricts growth of enveloped RNA and DNA viruses, including vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1), influenza A virus (IAV) and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) whereas deletion of PVRL4 in host cells increases viral infections. Mechanistically, it suppresses viral entry by blocking viral-cellular membrane fusion through inhibiting endosomal acidification. The vivo studies demonstrate that Pvrl4-deficient mice were more susceptible to the infection of VSV and IAV. CONCLUSION Overall, our studies not only identify PVRL4 as an intrinsic broad-spectrum antiviral ISG, but also provide a candidate host-directed target for antiviral therapy against various viruses including SARS-CoV-2 and its variants in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaomei Cai
- National Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammation, Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Nina Sun
- Department of Microbiology and State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yurui Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammation, Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jingfeng Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammation, Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chaohu Pan
- National Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammation, Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, Guizhou, China
| | - Lili Li
- National Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammation, Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaorong Li
- National Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammation, Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wancheng Liu
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250000, Shandong, China
| | - Saba R Aliyari
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Heng Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammation, Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Genhong Cheng
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
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6
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Ageenko A, Vasileva N, Richter V, Kuligina E. Combination of Oncolytic Virotherapy with Different Antitumor Approaches against Glioblastoma. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2042. [PMID: 38396720 PMCID: PMC10889383 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is one of the most malignant and aggressive tumors of the central nervous system. Despite the standard therapy consisting of maximal surgical resection and chemo- and radiotherapy, the median survival of patients with this diagnosis is about 15 months. Oncolytic virus therapy is one of the promising areas for the treatment of malignant neoplasms. In this review, we have focused on emphasizing recent achievements in virotherapy, both as a monotherapy and in combination with other therapeutic schemes to improve survival rate and quality of life among patients with glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisa Ageenko
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Akad. Lavrentiev Ave. 8, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Natalia Vasileva
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Akad. Lavrentiev Ave. 8, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- LLC "Oncostar", R&D Department, Ingenernaya Street 23, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Vladimir Richter
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Akad. Lavrentiev Ave. 8, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Elena Kuligina
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Akad. Lavrentiev Ave. 8, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- LLC "Oncostar", R&D Department, Ingenernaya Street 23, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
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7
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Navaratnarajah CK. A Quantitative Fusion Assay to Study Measles Virus Entry. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2808:1-7. [PMID: 38743358 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3870-5_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
We have adopted a real-time assay based on a dual-split reporter to assess cell-cell fusion mediated by the measles virus (MeV) membrane fusion machinery. This reporter system is comprised of two expression vectors, each encoding a segment of Renilla luciferase fused to a segment of GFP. To regain function, the two segments need to associate, which is dependent on cell-cell fusion between effector cells expressing the MeV fusion machinery and target cells expressing the corresponding MeV receptor. By measuring reconstituted luciferase activity, we can follow the kinetics of cell-cell fusion and quantify the extent of fusion. This assay lends itself to the study of the MeV fusion machinery comprised of the attachment and fusion glycoproteins, the matrix protein, and the MeV receptors. Moreover, entry inhibitors targeting attachment or fusion can be readily screened using this assay. Finally, this assay can be easily adopted to study the entry of other members of the Paramyxoviridae, as we have demonstrated for the henipaviruses.
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8
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Nanamiya T, Takane K, Yamaguchi K, Okawara Y, Arakawa M, Saku A, Ikenoue T, Fujiyuki T, Yoneda M, Kai C, Furukawa Y. Expression of PVRL4, a molecular target for cancer treatment, is transcriptionally regulated by FOS. Oncol Rep 2024; 51:17. [PMID: 38063270 PMCID: PMC10739986 DOI: 10.3892/or.2023.8676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
PVRL4 (or nectin‑4) is a promising therapeutic target since its upregulated expression is found in a wide range of human cancer types. Enfortumab vedotin, an antibody‑drug conjugate targeting PVRL4, is clinically used for the treatment of urothelial bladder cancer. In addition, rMV‑SLAMblind, a genetically engineered oncolytic measles virus, can infect cancer cells and induce apoptosis through interaction with PVRL4. Although PVRL4 transcript levels are elevated in breast, lung and ovarian cancer, the mechanisms of its upregulation have not yet been uncovered. To clarify the regulatory mechanisms of elevated PVRL4 expression in breast cancer cells, Assay for Transposase‑Accessible Chromatin‑sequencing and chromatin immunoprecipitation‑sequencing (ChIP‑seq) data were used to search for its regulatory regions. Using breast cancer cells, an enhancer region was ultimately identified. Additional analyses, including ChIP and reporter assays, demonstrated that FOS interacted with the PVRL4 enhancer region, and that alterations of the FOS‑binding motifs in the enhancer region decreased reporter activity. Consistent with these data, exogenous expression of FOS enhanced the reporter activity and PVRL4 expression in breast cancer cells. Furthermore, RNA‑seq analysis using breast cancer cells treated with PVRL4 small interfering RNA revealed its possible involvement in the cytokine response and immune system. These data suggested that FOS was involved, at least partly, in the regulation of PVRL4 expression in breast cancer cells, and that elevated PVRL4 expression may regulate the response of cancer cells to cytokines and the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Nanamiya
- Division of Clinical Genome Research, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Kiyoko Takane
- Division of Clinical Genome Research, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Yamaguchi
- Division of Clinical Genome Research, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Yuya Okawara
- Division of Clinical Genome Research, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Mariko Arakawa
- Division of Clinical Genome Research, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Akari Saku
- Division of Clinical Genome Research, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Tsuneo Ikenoue
- Division of Clinical Genome Research, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Tomoko Fujiyuki
- Division of Virus Engineering, Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
| | - Misako Yoneda
- Division of Virological Medicine, Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
| | - Chieko Kai
- Division of Infectious Disease Control Science, Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
| | - Yoichi Furukawa
- Division of Clinical Genome Research, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
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9
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Kaufman JW, Singh BK, Li N, Sinn PL. Culturing Immortalized Human Airway Epithelial Cells at an Air-Liquid Interface for Measles Virus Infection. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2808:141-152. [PMID: 38743368 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3870-5_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Measles virus (MeV) infection of airway surface epithelial cells provides a site for final amplification before being released back into the environment via coughing and sneezing. Multiple cell lines have served as models of polarized epithelia for MeV infection, such as Caco2 cells (intestinal derived human epithelia) or MDCK cells (kidney derived canine epithelia). In this chapter, we describe the materials and air-liquid interface (ALI) culture conditions for maintaining four different cell lines derived from human airway epithelial cells: 16HBE14o-, Calu-3, H358, and NuLi-1. We provide methods for confirming transepithelial electrical resistance (TER) and preparing samples for microscopy as well as expected results from apical or basolateral MeV delivery. Polarized human airway derived cells serve as tissue culture models for investigating targeted questions about how MeV exits a human host. In addition, these methods are generalizable to studies of other respiratory viruses or the biology of ALI airway epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin W Kaufman
- Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Brajesh K Singh
- Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Ni Li
- Scripps Research Institute, University of Florida, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Patrick L Sinn
- Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
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10
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Cox RM, Plemper RK. Design and Execution of In Vitro Polymerase Assays for Measles Virus and Related Mononegaviruses. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2808:19-33. [PMID: 38743360 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3870-5_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Morbilliviruses such as measles virus (MeV) are responsible for major morbidity and mortality worldwide, despite the availability of an effective vaccine and global vaccination campaigns. MeV belongs to the mononegavirus order of viral pathogens that store their genetic information in non-segmented negative polarity RNA genomes. Genome replication and viral gene expression are carried out by a virus-encoded RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP) complex that has no immediate host cell analog. To better understand the organization and regulation of the viral RdRP and mechanistically characterize antiviral candidates, biochemical RdRP assays have been developed that employ purified recombinant polymerase complexes and synthetic RNA templates to monitor the initiation of RNA synthesis and RNA elongation in vitro. In this article, we will discuss strategies for the efficient expression and preparation of mononegavirus polymerase complexes, provide detailed protocols for the execution and optimization of RdRP assays, evaluate alternative options for the choice of template and detection system, and describe the application of the assay for the characterization of inhibitor candidates. Although MeV RdRP assays are the focus of this article, the general strategies and experimental approaches are readily transferable to related viruses in the mononegavirus order.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M Cox
- Center for Translational Antiviral Research, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Richard K Plemper
- Center for Translational Antiviral Research, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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11
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Gonzales-Viera O, Goldstein T, Duignan P, Eiamcharoen P, Keel MK. California sea lion ( Zalophus californianus) lymph-node explant reveals involvement and possible transcriptional regulation of SLAM and nectin-4 during phocine distemper virus infection. Vet Pathol 2024; 61:125-134. [PMID: 37458158 DOI: 10.1177/03009858231186189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Phocine distemper virus (PDV) is a significant cause of mortality for phocid seals; however, the susceptibility of otariids to this virus is poorly understood. The authors used a lymph-node explant culture system from California sea lions (Zalophus californianus, CSL) to investigate: (1) the role of signaling lymphocyte activation molecule (SLAM) and nectin-4 in PDV infection and their cellular expression patterns, (2) if PDV induces transcriptional regulation of cell-entry receptors, and (3) the involvement of apoptosis in PDV infection. PDV replicated in the lymph-node explants with peak replication 3 days post-infection (dpi), but the replication was not sustained 4 to 5 dpi. The PDV+ cells co-localized SLAM and nectin-4. These cells expressed IBA1, indicating a histiocytic lineage. Comparison of receptor expression between infected and mock-infected lymph nodes suggested transcriptional downregulation of both receptors during the initial stage of infection and upregulation during the late stage of infection, but the values lack of statistical significance. Cleaved caspase-3+ cells were slightly increased in the infected lymph nodes compared with the mock-infected lymph node from 1 to 4 dpi, but without statistical significance, and a few apoptotic cells co-expressed PDV. The results suggest that lymph-node explants might be an important model to study PDV pathogenesis. CSLs have the potential to be infected with PDV, as they express both cell-entry receptors in histiocytes. The lack of statistical significance in the PDV replication, transcriptional regulation of viral receptors, and changes in apoptosis suggest that although CSL might be infected by PDV, they might be less susceptible than phocid species.
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12
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Siering O, Sawatsky B, Pfaller CK. Canine Distemper Virus Pathogenesis in the Ferret Model. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2808:197-208. [PMID: 38743372 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3870-5_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Canine distemper virus (CDV) is a highly contagious pathogen within the morbillivirus genus infecting a wide range of different carnivore species. The virus shares most biological features with other closely related morbilliviruses, including clinical signs, tissue tropism, and replication cycle in the respective host organisms.In the laboratory environment, experimental infections of ferrets with CDV were established as a potent surrogate model for the analysis of several aspects of the biology of the human morbillivirus, measles virus (MeV). The animals are naturally susceptible to CDV and display severe clinical signs resembling the disease seen in patients infected with MeV. As seen with MeV, CDV infects immune cells and is thus associated with a strong transient immunosuppression. Here we describe several methods to evaluate viral load and parameters of immunosuppression in blood-circulating immune cells isolated from CDV-infected animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Siering
- Division of Veterinary Medicine, Paul-Ehrlich-Institute, Langen, Germany
| | - Bevan Sawatsky
- Division of Veterinary Medicine, Paul-Ehrlich-Institute, Langen, Germany
| | - Christian K Pfaller
- Division of Veterinary Medicine, Paul-Ehrlich-Institute, Langen, Germany.
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
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13
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Corneillie L, Lemmens I, Weening K, De Meyer A, Van Houtte F, Tavernier J, Meuleman P. Virus-Host Protein Interaction Network of the Hepatitis E Virus ORF2-4 by Mammalian Two-Hybrid Assays. Viruses 2023; 15:2412. [PMID: 38140653 PMCID: PMC10748205 DOI: 10.3390/v15122412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Throughout their life cycle, viruses interact with cellular host factors, thereby influencing propagation, host range, cell tropism and pathogenesis. The hepatitis E virus (HEV) is an underestimated RNA virus in which knowledge of the virus-host interaction network to date is limited. Here, two related high-throughput mammalian two-hybrid approaches (MAPPIT and KISS) were used to screen for HEV-interacting host proteins. Promising hits were examined on protein function, involved pathway(s), and their relation to other viruses. We identified 37 ORF2 hits, 187 for ORF3 and 91 for ORF4. Several hits had functions in the life cycle of distinct viruses. We focused on SHARPIN and RNF5 as candidate hits for ORF3, as they are involved in the RLR-MAVS pathway and interferon (IFN) induction during viral infections. Knocking out (KO) SHARPIN and RNF5 resulted in a different IFN response upon ORF3 transfection, compared to wild-type cells. Moreover, infection was increased in SHARPIN KO cells and decreased in RNF5 KO cells. In conclusion, MAPPIT and KISS are valuable tools to study virus-host interactions, providing insights into the poorly understood HEV life cycle. We further provide evidence for two identified hits as new host factors in the HEV life cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Corneillie
- Laboratory of Liver Infectious Diseases, Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Irma Lemmens
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Karin Weening
- Laboratory of Liver Infectious Diseases, Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Amse De Meyer
- Laboratory of Liver Infectious Diseases, Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Freya Van Houtte
- Laboratory of Liver Infectious Diseases, Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jan Tavernier
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Philip Meuleman
- Laboratory of Liver Infectious Diseases, Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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14
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Wang H, Sun D, Chen J, Li H, Chen L. Nectin-4 has emerged as a compelling target for breast cancer. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 960:176129. [PMID: 38059449 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.176129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
The incidence of breast cancer in women has increased year by year, becoming one of the most common malignant tumors in females worldwide. Most patients can be treated with surgery and endocrine drugs, but there are still some patients who lack effective treatment, such as triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Nectin-4, a protein encoded by poliovirus receptor-associated protein 4, is a Ca2+-independent immunoglobulin-like protein. It is mainly involved in the adhesion between cells. In recent years, studies have found that Nectin-4 is overexpressed in breast cancer and several other malignancies. Otherwise, several monoclonal antibodies and inhibitors targeting Nectin-4 have shown prosperous outcomes, so Nectin-4 has great potential to be a therapeutic target for breast cancer. The present review systematically describes the significance of Nectin-4 in each aspect of breast cancer, as well as the molecular mechanisms of these aspects mediated by Nectin-4. We further highlight ongoing or proposed therapeutic strategies for breast cancer specific to Nectin-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Wuya College of Innovation, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Dejuan Sun
- Wuya College of Innovation, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Jinxia Chen
- Wuya College of Innovation, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Hua Li
- Wuya College of Innovation, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China; Institute of Structural Pharmacology & TCM Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, China.
| | - Lixia Chen
- Wuya College of Innovation, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China.
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15
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Yousaf I, Hannon WW, Donohue RC, Pfaller CK, Yadav K, Dikdan RJ, Tyagi S, Schroeder DC, Shieh WJ, Rota PA, Feder AF, Cattaneo R. Brain tropism acquisition: The spatial dynamics and evolution of a measles virus collective infectious unit that drove lethal subacute sclerosing panencephalitis. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011817. [PMID: 38127684 PMCID: PMC10735034 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
It is increasingly appreciated that pathogens can spread as infectious units constituted by multiple, genetically diverse genomes, also called collective infectious units or genome collectives. However, genetic characterization of the spatial dynamics of collective infectious units in animal hosts is demanding, and it is rarely feasible in humans. Measles virus (MeV), whose spread in lymphatic tissues and airway epithelia relies on collective infectious units, can, in rare cases, cause subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE), a lethal human brain disease. In different SSPE cases, MeV acquisition of brain tropism has been attributed to mutations affecting either the fusion or the matrix protein, or both, but the overarching mechanism driving brain adaptation is not understood. Here we analyzed MeV RNA from several spatially distinct brain regions of an individual who succumbed to SSPE. Surprisingly, we identified two major MeV genome subpopulations present at variable frequencies in all 15 brain specimens examined. Both genome types accumulated mutations like those shown to favor receptor-independent cell-cell spread in other SSPE cases. Most infected cells carried both genome types, suggesting the possibility of genetic complementation. We cannot definitively chart the history of the spread of this virus in the brain, but several observations suggest that mutant genomes generated in the frontal cortex moved outwards as a collective and diversified. During diversification, mutations affecting the cytoplasmic tails of both viral envelope proteins emerged and fluctuated in frequency across genetic backgrounds, suggesting convergent and potentially frequency-dependent evolution for modulation of fusogenicity. We propose that a collective infectious unit drove MeV pathogenesis in this brain. Re-examination of published data suggests that similar processes may have occurred in other SSPE cases. Our studies provide a primer for analyses of the evolution of collective infectious units of other pathogens that cause lethal disease in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Yousaf
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
- Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - William W. Hannon
- Basic Sciences and Computational Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Ryan C. Donohue
- Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Christian K. Pfaller
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
- Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Kalpana Yadav
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Ryan J. Dikdan
- Public Health Research Institute, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Sanjay Tyagi
- Public Health Research Institute, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Declan C. Schroeder
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Wun-Ju Shieh
- Infectious Diseases Pathology Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Paul A. Rota
- Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Alison F. Feder
- Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Public Health Sciences and Computational Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Roberto Cattaneo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
- Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
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16
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Kaufman JW, Singh BK, Durnell LA, Sinn PL. Representative measles virus infection requires appropriate airway epithelia culture conditions. J Virol 2023; 97:e0105123. [PMID: 37732787 PMCID: PMC10617594 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01051-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE For many years, measles virus (MeV) was assumed to first enter the host via the apical surface of airway epithelial cells and subsequently spread systemically. We and others reported that MeV has an overwhelming preference for entry at the basolateral surface of airway epithelial cells, which led to a fundamental new understanding of how MeV enters a human host. This unexpected observation using well-differentiated primary cultures of airway epithelia from human donors contradicted previous studies using immortalized cultured cells. Here, we show that appropriate differentiation and cell morphology of primary human airway epithelial cells are critical to recapitulate MeV infection patterns and pathogenesis of the in vivo airways. By simply culturing primary cells in media containing serum or passaging primary cultures, erroneous results quickly emerge. These results have broad implications for data interpretation related to respiratory virus infection, spread, and release from human airway epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin W. Kaufman
- Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Brajesh K. Singh
- Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Lorellin A. Durnell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Patrick L. Sinn
- Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
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17
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Melot L, Bankamp B, Rota PA, Coughlin MM. Characterizing infection of B cells with wild-type and vaccine strains of measles virus. iScience 2023; 26:107721. [PMID: 37736039 PMCID: PMC10510084 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute infection with measles virus (MeV) causes transient immunosuppression often leading to secondary infections. MeV infection of B lymphocytes results in changes in the antibody repertoire and memory B cell populations for which the mechanism is unknown. In this study, we characterize the infection of primary B cells with wild-type and vaccine strains of MeV. Vaccine-infected B cells were characterized by a higher percentage of cells positive for viral protein, a higher level of viral transcription and reduced cell death compared to wild-type infected cells, regardless of B cell subtype. Vaccine-infected cells showed more production of TNF-α and IL-10 but less production of IL-8 compared to wild-type infected cells. IL-4 and IL-6 levels detected were increased during both vaccine and wild-type infection. Despite evidence of replication, measles-infected B cells did not produce detectable viral progeny. This study furthers our understanding of the outcomes of MeV infection of human B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Logan Melot
- Viral Vaccine Preventable Diseases Branch, Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
- Emory University, Atlanta, GA 303333, USA
| | - Bettina Bankamp
- Viral Vaccine Preventable Diseases Branch, Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | - Paul A. Rota
- Viral Vaccine Preventable Diseases Branch, Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
- Emory University, Atlanta, GA 303333, USA
| | - Melissa M. Coughlin
- Viral Vaccine Preventable Diseases Branch, Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
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18
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Duprex WP, Dutch RE. Paramyxoviruses: Pathogenesis, Vaccines, Antivirals, and Prototypes for Pandemic Preparedness. J Infect Dis 2023; 228:S390-S397. [PMID: 37849400 PMCID: PMC11009463 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiad123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The Paramyxoviridae family includes established human pathogens such as measles virus, mumps virus, and the human parainfluenza viruses; highly lethal zoonotic pathogens such as Nipah virus; and a number of recently identified agents, such as Sosuga virus, which remain poorly understood. The high human-to-human transmission rate of paramyxoviruses such as measles virus, high case fatality rate associated with other family members such as Nipah virus, and the existence of poorly characterized zoonotic pathogens raise concern that known and unknown paramyxoviruses have significant pandemic potential. In this review, the general life cycle, taxonomic relationships, and viral pathogenesis are described for paramyxoviruses that cause both systemic and respiratory system-restricted infections. Next, key gaps in critical areas are presented, following detailed conversations with subject matter experts and based on the current literature. Finally, we present an assessment of potential prototype pathogen candidates that could be used as models to study this important virus family, including assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of each potential prototype.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Paul Duprex
- Center for Vaccine Research
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Rebecca Ellis Dutch
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington
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19
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Durnell LA, Hippee CE, Cattaneo R, Bartlett JA, Singh BK, Sinn PL. Interferon-independent processes constrain measles virus cell-to-cell spread in primary human airway epithelial cells. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0136123. [PMID: 37724882 PMCID: PMC10580916 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01361-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Amplification of measles virus (MeV) in human airway epithelia may contribute to its extremely high contagious nature. We use well-differentiated primary cultures of human airway epithelial cells (HAE) to model ex vivo how MeV spreads in human airways. In HAE, MeV spreads cell-to-cell for 3-5 days, but then, infectious center growth is arrested. What stops MeV spread in HAE is not understood, but interferon (IFN) is known to slow MeV spread in other in vitro and in vivo models. Here, we assessed the role of type I and type III IFN in arresting MeV spread in HAE. The addition of IFN-β or IFN-λ1 to the medium of infected HAE slowed MeV infectious center growth, but when IFN receptor signaling was blocked, infectious center size was not affected. In contrast, blocking type-I IFN receptor signaling enhanced respiratory syncytial virus spread. HAE were also infected with MeV mutants defective for the V protein. The V protein has been demonstrated to interact with both MDA5 and STAT2 to inhibit activation of innate immunity; however, innate immune reactions were unexpectedly muted against the V-defective MeV in HAE. Minimal innate immunity activation was confirmed by deep sequencing, quantitative RT-PCR, and single-cell RNA-seq analyses of the transcription of IFN and IFN-stimulated genes. We conclude that in HAE, IFN-signaling can contribute to slowing infectious center growth; however, IFN-independent processes are most important for limiting cell-to-cell spread. IMPORTANCE Fundamental biological questions remain about the highly contagious measles virus (MeV). MeV amplifies within airway epithelial cells before spreading to the next host. This final step likely contributes to the ability of MeV to spread host-to-host. Over the course of 3-5 days post-infection of airway epithelial cells, MeV spreads directly cell-to-cell and forms infectious centers. Infectious center formation is unique to MeV. In this study, we show that interferon (IFN) signaling does not explain why MeV cell-to-cell spread is ultimately impeded within the cell layer. The ability of MeV to spread cell-to-cell in airway cells without appreciable IFN induction may contribute to its highly contagious nature. This study contributes to the understanding of a significant global health concern by demonstrating that infectious center formation occurs independent of the simplest explanation for limiting viral transmission within a host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorellin A. Durnell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Camilla E. Hippee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Roberto Cattaneo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Jennifer A. Bartlett
- Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Brajesh K. Singh
- Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Patrick L. Sinn
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
- Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
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20
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Tashiro K, Segawa T, Futami T, Suzuki M, Itou T. Establishment and characterization of a novel kidney cell line derived from the common bottlenose dolphin. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2023; 59:536-549. [PMID: 37524977 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-023-00786-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Common bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) is a well-known cetacean species that inhabits temperate and tropical seas worldwide. Limited supply and poor quality of samples hinder the investigation of the effects of various pathogens and environmental pollutants on this cetacean species. Cultured cells are useful for experimental studies; however, no cell lines derived from cetaceans are generally available. Therefore, in this study, we established a novel kidney cell line, TK-ST, derived from T. truncatus. Primary cells exhibited the morphological characteristics of epithelial and fibroblast cells, but their immortalization and passaging resulted in a predominantly epithelial cell morphology. TK-ST was immortalized using the large T SV40 antigen and human telomerase reverse transcriptase and exhibited long-term stable cell growth. TK-ST cells are generally cultured in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium with 10% fetal bovine serum at 37°C and 5% CO2 but can also be cultured in 5-20% fetal bovine serum and several other classical media commonly used for common animal cell culture. TK-ST cells were found to be susceptible to several viruses, including the dolphin morbillivirus (most important virus in cetaceans), and exhibited cytopathic effects, facilitating the replication of the dolphin morbillivirus. Furthermore, mRNA expression levels of cytokine genes were increased in TK-ST cells after stimulation with lipopolysaccharides and poly(I:C). Therefore, the novel TK-ST cell line derived in this study can potentially be used for further in vitro studies on cetaceans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaede Tashiro
- Nihon University Veterinary Research Center, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 252-0880, Japan
| | - Takao Segawa
- Nihon University Veterinary Research Center, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 252-0880, Japan
| | - Taketo Futami
- Minamichita Beachland Aquarium, 428-1 Okuda Mihama, Chita, Aichi, 470-3233, Japan
| | - Miwa Suzuki
- Department of Marine Science, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 252-0880, Japan
| | - Takuya Itou
- Nihon University Veterinary Research Center, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 252-0880, Japan.
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21
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Yoshizawa H, Nishizawa H, Ito M, Ohwaki A, Sakabe Y, Sekiya T, Fujii T, Kurahashi H. Increased levels of nectin-4 as a serological marker for pre-eclampsia. FUJITA MEDICAL JOURNAL 2023; 9:200-205. [PMID: 37554937 PMCID: PMC10405896 DOI: 10.20407/fmj.2022-027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Nectin-4 is a cell adhesion molecule with vital functions at adherens and tight junctions. Cumulative evidence now indicates that the NECTIN4 gene is overexpressed in a variety of cancers, and that the nectin-4 protein is both a disease marker and therapeutic target in a subset of these cancers. We previously demonstrated that NECTIN4 is overexpressed in placenta during pre-eclamptic pregnancy, which is one of the most serious obstetric disorders. METHODS Nectin-4 protein levels were measured in maternal sera from pregnant women with pre-eclampsia and its related disorder, unexplained fetal growth retardation. RESULTS Maternal serum concentrations of nectin-4 were significantly elevated in pre-eclamptic women compared with those with an uncomplicated normotensive pregnancy. However, no increase was observed in pregnancies with unexplained fetal growth retardation. Serum nectin-4 levels were higher in cases with early-onset pre-eclampsia that generally showed more severe clinical symptoms, but levels were not correlated to other clinical indicators of disease severity. CONCLUSIONS Nectin-4 is a potential new diagnostic and predictive biomarker for severe pre-eclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hikari Yoshizawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fujita Health University, School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Haruki Nishizawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fujita Health University, School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Mayuko Ito
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fujita Health University, School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Akiko Ohwaki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fujita Health University, School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Sakabe
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fujita Health University, School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Takao Sekiya
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fujita Health University, School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Takuma Fujii
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fujita Health University, School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kurahashi
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
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22
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Sakamoto K, Konami M, Kameda S, Satoh Y, Wakimoto H, Kitagawa Y, Gotoh B, Jiang DP, Hotta H, Itoh M. Suppression of viral RNA polymerase activity is necessary for persistent infection during the transformation of measles virus into SSPE virus. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011528. [PMID: 37494386 PMCID: PMC10406308 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease caused by measles virus (MV), which typically develops 7 to 10 years after acute measles. During the incubation period, MV establishes a persistent infection in the brain and accumulates mutations that generate neuropathogenic SSPE virus. The neuropathogenicity is closely associated with enhanced propagation mediated by cell-to-cell fusion in the brain, which is principally regulated by hyperfusogenic mutations of the viral F protein. The molecular mechanisms underlying establishment and maintenance of persistent infection are unclear because it is impractical to isolate viruses before the appearance of clinical signs. In this study, we found that the L and P proteins, components of viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), of an SSPE virus Kobe-1 strain did not promote but rather attenuated viral neuropathogenicity. Viral RdRp activity corresponded to F protein expression; the suppression of RdRp activity in the Kobe-1 strain because of mutations in the L and P proteins led to restriction of the F protein level, thereby reducing cell-to-cell fusion mediated propagation in neuronal cells and decreasing neuropathogenicity. Therefore, the L and P proteins of Kobe-1 did not contribute to progression of SSPE. Three mutations in the L protein strongly suppressed RdRp activity. Recombinant MV harboring the three mutations limited viral spread in neuronal cells while preventing the release of infectious progeny particles; these changes could support persistent infection by enabling host immune escape and preventing host cell lysis. Therefore, the suppression of RdRp activity is necessary for the persistent infection of the parental MV on the way to transform into Kobe-1 SSPE virus. Because mutations in the genome of an SSPE virus reflect the process of SSPE development, mutation analysis will provide insight into the mechanisms underlying persistent infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kento Sakamoto
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Bio-Science, Nagahama Institute of Bio-Science and Technology, Nagahama, Shiga, Japan
| | - Miho Konami
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Bio-Science, Nagahama Institute of Bio-Science and Technology, Nagahama, Shiga, Japan
| | - Shinra Kameda
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Bio-Science, Nagahama Institute of Bio-Science and Technology, Nagahama, Shiga, Japan
| | - Yuto Satoh
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Bio-Science, Nagahama Institute of Bio-Science and Technology, Nagahama, Shiga, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Wakimoto
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Bio-Science, Nagahama Institute of Bio-Science and Technology, Nagahama, Shiga, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Kitagawa
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Pathology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Bin Gotoh
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Pathology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Da-Peng Jiang
- Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Hak Hotta
- Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Masae Itoh
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Bio-Science, Nagahama Institute of Bio-Science and Technology, Nagahama, Shiga, Japan
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23
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Libbey JE, Fujinami RS. Morbillivirus: A highly adaptable viral genus. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18095. [PMID: 37483821 PMCID: PMC10362132 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the course of human history, numerous diseases have been caused by the transmission of viruses from an animal reservoir into the human population. The viruses of the genus Morbillivirus are human and animal pathogens that emerged from a primordial ancestor a millennia ago and have been transmitting to new hosts, adapting, and evolving ever since. Through interaction with susceptible individuals, as yet undiscovered morbilliviruses or existing morbilliviruses in animal hosts could cause future zoonotic diseases in humans.
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24
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Ikegame S, Carmichael JC, Wells H, Furler O'Brien RL, Acklin JA, Chiu HP, Oguntuyo KY, Cox RM, Patel AR, Kowdle S, Stevens CS, Eckley M, Zhan S, Lim JK, Veit EC, Evans MJ, Hashiguchi T, Durigon E, Schountz T, Epstein JH, Plemper RK, Daszak P, Anthony SJ, Lee B. Metagenomics-enabled reverse-genetics assembly and characterization of myotis bat morbillivirus. Nat Microbiol 2023; 8:1108-1122. [PMID: 37142773 PMCID: PMC11089651 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-023-01380-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Morbilliviruses are among the most contagious viral pathogens of mammals. Although previous metagenomic surveys have identified morbillivirus sequences in bats, full-length morbilliviruses from bats are limited. Here we characterize the myotis bat morbillivirus (MBaMV) from a bat surveillance programme in Brazil, whose full genome was recently published. We demonstrate that the fusion and receptor binding protein of MBaMV utilize bat CD150 and not human CD150, as an entry receptor in a mammalian cell line. Using reverse genetics, we produced a clone of MBaMV that infected Vero cells expressing bat CD150. Electron microscopy of MBaMV-infected cells revealed budding of pleomorphic virions, a characteristic morbillivirus feature. MBaMV replication reached 103-105 plaque-forming units ml-1 in human epithelial cell lines and was dependent on nectin-4. Infection of human macrophages also occurred, albeit 2-10-fold less efficiently than measles virus. Importantly, MBaMV is restricted by cross-neutralizing human sera elicited by measles, mumps and rubella vaccination and is inhibited by orally bioavailable polymerase inhibitors in vitro. MBaMV-encoded P/V genes did not antagonize human interferon induction. Finally, we show that MBaMV does not cause disease in Jamaican fruit bats. We conclude that, while zoonotic spillover into humans may theoretically be plausible, MBaMV replication would probably be controlled by the human immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Ikegame
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jillian C Carmichael
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Heather Wells
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Robert L Furler O'Brien
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joshua A Acklin
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hsin-Ping Chiu
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Robert M Cox
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Aum R Patel
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shreyas Kowdle
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Christian S Stevens
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Miles Eckley
- Center for Vector-borne Infectious Diseases Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology College of Veterinary Medicine Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Shijun Zhan
- Center for Vector-borne Infectious Diseases Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology College of Veterinary Medicine Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Jean K Lim
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ethan C Veit
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Matthew J Evans
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Takao Hashiguchi
- Laboratory of Medical Virology, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Edison Durigon
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tony Schountz
- Center for Vector-borne Infectious Diseases Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology College of Veterinary Medicine Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | | | - Richard K Plemper
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Simon J Anthony
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, UC Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Benhur Lee
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
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25
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Takemoto R, Hirai Y, Watanabe S, Harada H, Suzuki T, Hashiguchi T, Yanagi Y, Shirogane Y. Interaction of the Hemagglutinin Stalk Region with Cell Adhesion Molecule (CADM) 1 and CADM2 Mediates the Spread between Neurons and Neuropathogenicity of Measles Virus with a Hyperfusogenic Fusion Protein. J Virol 2023; 97:e0034023. [PMID: 37166307 PMCID: PMC10231178 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00340-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Measles virus (MeV), the causative agent of measles, is an enveloped RNA virus of the family Paramyxoviridae, which remains an important cause of childhood morbidity and mortality. MeV has two envelope glycoproteins, the hemagglutinin (H) and fusion (F) proteins. During viral entry or virus-mediated fusion between infected cells and neighboring susceptible cells, the head domain of the H protein initially binds to its receptors, signaling lymphocytic activation molecule family member 1 (SLAM) and nectin-4, and then the stalk region of the H protein transmits the fusion-triggering signal to the F protein. MeV may persist in the human brain and cause a fatal neurodegenerative disease, subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE). Recently, we showed, using in vitro cell culture, that cell adhesion molecule (CADM) 1 and CADM2 are host factors that trigger hyperfusogenic mutant F proteins, causing cell-to-cell fusion and the transfer of the MeV genome between neurons. Unlike conventional receptors, CADM1 and CADM2 interact in cis (on the same membrane) with the H protein and then trigger membrane fusion. Here, we show that alanine substitutions in part of the stalk region (positions 171-175) abolish the ability of the H protein to mediate membrane fusion triggered by CADM1 and CADM2, but not by SLAM. The recombinant hyperfusogenic MeV carrying this mutant H protein loses its ability to spread in primary mouse neurons as well as its neurovirulence in experimentally infected suckling hamsters. These results indicate that CADM1 and CADM2 are key molecules for MeV propagation in the brain and its neurovirulence in vivo. IMPORTANCE Measles is an acute febrile illness with skin rash. Despite the availability of highly effective vaccines, measles is still an important cause of childhood morbidity and mortality in many countries. The World Health Organization estimates that more than 120,000 people died from measles worldwide in 2021. Measles virus (MeV), the causative agent of measles, can also cause a fatal progressive neurological disorder, subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE), several years after acute infection. There is currently no effective treatment for this disease. In this study, using recombinant MeVs with altered receptor usage patterns, we show that cell adhesion molecule (CADM) 1 and CADM2 are host factors critical for MeV spread in neurons and its neurovirulence. These findings further our understanding of the molecular mechanism of MeV neuropathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuichi Takemoto
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yuichi Hirai
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shumpei Watanabe
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science, Ehime, Japan
| | - Hidetaka Harada
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tateki Suzuki
- Laboratory of Medical Virology, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University
| | - Takao Hashiguchi
- Laboratory of Medical Virology, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University
| | - Yusuke Yanagi
- National Research Center for the Control and Prevention of Infectious Diseases, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yuta Shirogane
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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26
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Chang HK, Park YH, Choi JA, Kim JW, Kim J, Kim HS, Lee HN, Cho H, Chung JY, Kim JH. Nectin-4 as a Predictive Marker for Poor Prognosis of Endometrial Cancer with Mismatch Repair Impairment. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:2865. [PMID: 37345201 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15102865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The adhesion molecule Nectin-4 is a new potential therapeutic target for different types of cancer; however, little is known about its diagnosis significance in endometrial cancer (EC). We found that Nectin-4 expression was significantly higher in EC tissues than in nonadjacent normal tissue. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve value of 0.922 indicated good diagnostic accuracy for Nectin-4 expression in EC. Furthermore, Nectin-4 expression was associated with DNA mismatch repair (MMR) protein deficiency. Notably, the high Nectin-4 expression group of patients with MSH2/6-deficient EC had shorter progression-free survival than that of the low Nectin-4 expression group. The number of lymphovascular space invasion-positive patients in groups with MMR deficiency and high Nectin-4 expression was also increased compared with that in the low Nectin-4 expression group. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that alteration in Nectin-4 and MMR genes is associated with Nectin-4 expression in EC. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to show that Nectin-4 expression may be a potential biomarker for EC diagnosis and that high Nectin-4 expression in MMR-deficient patients with EC can predict short progression-free survival, thus providing clues to identify patients for adjuvant therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha Kyun Chang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Korea University School of Medicine, Ansan 15355, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Hoon Park
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-A Choi
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 06229, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Women's Life Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Won Kim
- Department of Pathology, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul 07441, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisup Kim
- Department of Pathology, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21565, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Sun Kim
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Nam Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Catholic University of Korea Bucheon St. Mary's Hospital, Bucheon 14647, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanbyoul Cho
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 06229, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Women's Life Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon-Yong Chung
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jae-Hoon Kim
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 06229, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Women's Life Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
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27
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Vannini A, Parenti F, Forghieri C, Barboni C, Zaghini A, Campadelli-Fiume G, Gianni T. Innovative retargeted oncolytic herpesvirus against nectin4-positive cancers. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1149973. [PMID: 37251078 PMCID: PMC10213976 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1149973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Nectin4 is a recently discovered tumor associated antigen expressed in cancers that constitute relevant unmet clinical needs, including the undruggable triple negative breast cancer, pancreatic ductal carcinoma, bladder/urothelial cancer, cervical cancer, lung carcinoma and melanoma. So far, only one nectin4-specific drug-Enfortumab Vedotin-has been approved and the clinical trials that test novel therapeutics are only five. Here we engineered R-421, an innovative retargeted onco-immunotherapeutic herpesvirus highly specific for nectin4 and unable to infect through the natural herpes receptors, nectin1 or herpesvirus entry mediator. In vitro, R-421 infected and killed human nectin4-positive malignant cells and spared normal cells, e.g., human fibroblasts. Importantly from a safety viewpoint, R-421 failed to infect malignant cells that do not harbor nectin4 gene amplification/overexpression, whose expression level was moderate-to-low. In essence, there was a net threshold value below which cells were spared from infection, irrespective of whether they were malignant or normal; the only cells that R-421 targeted were the malignant overexpressing ones. In vivo, R-421 decreased or abolished the growth of murine tumors made transgenic for human nectin4 and conferred sensitivity to immune checkpoint inhibitors in combination therapies. Its efficacy was augmented by the cyclophosphamide immunomodulator and decreased by depletion of CD8-positive lymphocytes, arguing that it was in part T cell-mediated. R-421 elicited in-situ vaccination that protected from distant challenge tumors. This study provides proof-of-principle specificity and efficacy data justifying nectin4-retargeted onco-immunotherapeutic herpesvirus as an innovative approach against a number of difficult-to-drug clinical indications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Vannini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Federico Parenti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Cristina Forghieri
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Catia Barboni
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Anna Zaghini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Tatiana Gianni
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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28
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Schrauf S, Tomberger Y, Nambulli S, Duprex WP, Tschismarov R, Tauber E, Ramsauer K. Biodistribution and toxicology evaluation of a recombinant measles Schwarz-based Lassa vaccine in cynomolgus macaques. J Appl Toxicol 2023; 43:719-733. [PMID: 36480160 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
MV-LASV is an investigational measles Schwarz-based vaccine for the prevention of Lassa fever. A repeated-dose toxicity study in cynomolgus macaques was performed to assess the biodistribution and local and systemic toxicological effects. Monkeys received three immunizations of MV-LASV or saline intramuscularly with a 2-week interval. An increase in anti-measles antibodies confirmed the reaction of the immune system to the vaccine backbone. Clinical observations, body weight, body temperature, local tolerance, electrocardiogram parameters, various clinical pathology parameters (hematology, coagulation urinalysis, serum chemistry, and C-reactive protein) were monitored. Gross pathology and histopathology of various tissues were evaluated. MV-LASV induced a mild increase in fibrinogen and C-reactive protein concentrations. This coincided with microscopic inflammation at the injection sites which partially or fully resolved following a 3-week recovery period. Viral RNA was found in secondary lymphoid organs and injection sites and gall bladder. No viral shedding to the environment was observed. Overall, the vaccine was locally and systemically well tolerated, supporting a first-in-human study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Schrauf
- Themis Bioscience GmbH, Vienna, Austria, a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Yvonne Tomberger
- Themis Bioscience GmbH, Vienna, Austria, a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Sham Nambulli
- Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - W Paul Duprex
- Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Roland Tschismarov
- Themis Bioscience GmbH, Vienna, Austria, a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Erich Tauber
- Themis Bioscience GmbH, Vienna, Austria, a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Katrin Ramsauer
- Themis Bioscience GmbH, Vienna, Austria, a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey, USA
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29
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Radzikowska U, Eljaszewicz A, Tan G, Stocker N, Heider A, Westermann P, Steiner S, Dreher A, Wawrzyniak P, Rückert B, Rodriguez-Coira J, Zhakparov D, Huang M, Jakiela B, Sanak M, Moniuszko M, O'Mahony L, Jutel M, Kebadze T, Jackson JD, Edwards RM, Thiel V, Johnston LS, Akdis AC, Sokolowska M. Rhinovirus-induced epithelial RIG-I inflammasome suppresses antiviral immunity and promotes inflammation in asthma and COVID-19. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2329. [PMID: 37087523 PMCID: PMC10122208 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37470-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Rhinoviruses and allergens, such as house dust mite are major agents responsible for asthma exacerbations. The influence of pre-existing airway inflammation on the infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is largely unknown. We analyse mechanisms of response to viral infection in experimental in vivo rhinovirus infection in healthy controls and patients with asthma, and in in vitro experiments with house dust mite, rhinovirus and SARS-CoV-2 in human primary airway epithelium. Here, we show that rhinovirus infection in patients with asthma leads to an excessive RIG-I inflammasome activation, which diminishes its accessibility for type I/III interferon responses, leading to their early functional impairment, delayed resolution, prolonged viral clearance and unresolved inflammation in vitro and in vivo. Pre-exposure to house dust mite augments this phenomenon by inflammasome priming and auxiliary inhibition of early type I/III interferon responses. Prior infection with rhinovirus followed by SARS-CoV-2 infection augments RIG-I inflammasome activation and epithelial inflammation. Timely inhibition of the epithelial RIG-I inflammasome may lead to more efficient viral clearance and lower the burden of rhinovirus and SARS-CoV-2 infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urszula Radzikowska
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Herman-Burchard-Strasse 9, 7265, Davos Wolfgang, Switzerland
- Christine Kühne - Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK-CARE), Herman-Burchard-Strasse 1, 7265, Davos Wolfgang, Switzerland
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Immune Regulation, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona 13 Str., 15-269, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Andrzej Eljaszewicz
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Herman-Burchard-Strasse 9, 7265, Davos Wolfgang, Switzerland
- Christine Kühne - Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK-CARE), Herman-Burchard-Strasse 1, 7265, Davos Wolfgang, Switzerland
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Immune Regulation, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona 13 Str., 15-269, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Ge Tan
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Herman-Burchard-Strasse 9, 7265, Davos Wolfgang, Switzerland
- Functional Genomics Center Zurich, ETH Zurich/University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nino Stocker
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Herman-Burchard-Strasse 9, 7265, Davos Wolfgang, Switzerland
| | - Anja Heider
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Herman-Burchard-Strasse 9, 7265, Davos Wolfgang, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Westermann
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Herman-Burchard-Strasse 9, 7265, Davos Wolfgang, Switzerland
| | - Silvio Steiner
- Institute of Virology and Immunology (IVI), Laenggassstrasse 122, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Laenggassstrasse 122, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Mittelstrasse 43, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Anita Dreher
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Herman-Burchard-Strasse 9, 7265, Davos Wolfgang, Switzerland
- Christine Kühne - Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK-CARE), Herman-Burchard-Strasse 1, 7265, Davos Wolfgang, Switzerland
| | - Paulina Wawrzyniak
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Herman-Burchard-Strasse 9, 7265, Davos Wolfgang, Switzerland
- Christine Kühne - Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK-CARE), Herman-Burchard-Strasse 1, 7265, Davos Wolfgang, Switzerland
- Division of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
- Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Beate Rückert
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Herman-Burchard-Strasse 9, 7265, Davos Wolfgang, Switzerland
| | - Juan Rodriguez-Coira
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Herman-Burchard-Strasse 9, 7265, Davos Wolfgang, Switzerland
- IMMA, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities Madrid, C. de Julian Romea 23, 28003, Madrid, Spain
- Centre for Metabolomics and Bioanalysis (CEMBIO), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities Madrid, Urb. Monteprincipe 28925, Alcorcon, Madrid, Spain
| | - Damir Zhakparov
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Herman-Burchard-Strasse 9, 7265, Davos Wolfgang, Switzerland
| | - Mengting Huang
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Herman-Burchard-Strasse 9, 7265, Davos Wolfgang, Switzerland
| | - Bogdan Jakiela
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, M. Skawinska 8 Str., 31-066, Krakow, Poland
| | - Marek Sanak
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, M. Skawinska 8 Str., 31-066, Krakow, Poland
| | - Marcin Moniuszko
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Immune Regulation, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona 13 Str., 15-269, Bialystok, Poland
- Department of Allergology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, M. Sklodowskiej-Curie 24A Str., 15-276, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Liam O'Mahony
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Herman-Burchard-Strasse 9, 7265, Davos Wolfgang, Switzerland
- Department of Medicine and School of Microbiology, APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, College Rd, T12 E138, Cork, Ireland
| | - Marek Jutel
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Wroclaw Medical University, wyb. Lidwika Pasteura 1 Str, 50-367, Wroclaw, Poland
- ALL-MED Medical Research Institute, Gen. Jozefa Hallera 95 Str., 53-201, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Tatiana Kebadze
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Guy Scadding Building, Cale Street, London, SW3 6LY, UK
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Imperial College London, School of Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Praed Street, London, W21NY, UK
| | - J David Jackson
- Guy's Severe Asthma Centre, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, King's College London, Strand, London, WC2R 2LS, UK
- Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Trust, St Thomas' Hospital, Westminster Bridge Rd, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - R Michael Edwards
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Guy Scadding Building, Cale Street, London, SW3 6LY, UK
- Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, Norfolk Place, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Volker Thiel
- Institute of Virology and Immunology (IVI), Laenggassstrasse 122, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
- Multidisciplinary Center for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Hallerstrasse 6, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - L Sebastian Johnston
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Guy Scadding Building, Cale Street, London, SW3 6LY, UK
- Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, Norfolk Place, London, W2 1PG, UK
- Imperial College Healthcare HNS Trust, The Bays, S Wharf Rd, London, W2 1NY, UK
| | - A Cezmi Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Herman-Burchard-Strasse 9, 7265, Davos Wolfgang, Switzerland
- Christine Kühne - Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK-CARE), Herman-Burchard-Strasse 1, 7265, Davos Wolfgang, Switzerland
| | - Milena Sokolowska
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Herman-Burchard-Strasse 9, 7265, Davos Wolfgang, Switzerland.
- Christine Kühne - Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK-CARE), Herman-Burchard-Strasse 1, 7265, Davos Wolfgang, Switzerland.
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Structure and supramolecular organization of the canine distemper virus attachment glycoprotein. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2208866120. [PMID: 36716368 PMCID: PMC9963377 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2208866120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Canine distemper virus (CDV) is an enveloped RNA morbillivirus that triggers respiratory, enteric, and high incidence of severe neurological disorders. CDV induces devastating outbreaks in wild and endangered animals as well as in domestic dogs in countries associated with suboptimal vaccination programs. The receptor-binding tetrameric attachment (H)-protein is part of the morbilliviral cell entry machinery. Here, we present the cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structure and supramolecular organization of the tetrameric CDV H-protein ectodomain. The structure reveals that the morbilliviral H-protein is composed of three main domains: stalk, neck, and heads. The most unexpected feature was the inherent asymmetric architecture of the CDV H-tetramer being shaped by the neck, which folds into an almost 90° bent conformation with respect to the stalk. Consequently, two non-contacting receptor-binding H-head dimers, which are also tilted toward each other, are located on one side of an intertwined four helical bundle stalk domain. Positioning of the four protomer polypeptide chains within the neck domain is guided by a glycine residue (G158), which forms a hinge point exclusively in two protomer polypeptide chains. Molecular dynamics simulations validated the stability of the asymmetric structure under near physiological conditions and molecular docking showed that two receptor-binding sites are fully accessible. Thus, this spatial organization of the CDV H-tetramer would allow for concomitant protein interactions with the stalk and head domains without steric clashes. In summary, the structure of the CDV H-protein ectodomain provides new insights into the morbilliviral cell entry system and offers a blueprint for next-generation structure-based antiviral drug discovery.
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Varela ML, Comba A, Faisal SM, Argento A, Franson A, Barissi MN, Sachdev S, Castro MG, Lowenstein PR. Gene Therapy for High Grade Glioma: The Clinical Experience. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2023; 23:145-161. [PMID: 36510843 PMCID: PMC9998375 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2022.2157718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION High-grade gliomas (HGG) are the most common malignant primary brain tumors in adults, with a median survival of ~18 months. The standard of care (SOC) is maximal safe surgical resection, and radiation therapy with concurrent and adjuvant temozolomide. This protocol remains unchanged since 2005, even though HGG median survival has marginally improved. AREAS COVERED Gene therapy was developed as a promising approach to treat HGG. Here, we review completed and ongoing clinical trials employing viral and non-viral vectors for adult and pediatric HGG, as well as the key supporting preclinical data. EXPERT OPINION These therapies have proven safe, and pre- and post-treatment tissue analyses demonstrated tumor cell lysis, increased immune cell infiltration, and increased systemic immune function. Although viral therapy in clinical trials has not yet significantly extended the survival of HGG, promising strategies are being tested. Oncolytic HSV vectors have shown promising results for both adult and pediatric HGG. A recently published study demonstrated that HG47Δ improved survival in recurrent HGG. Likewise, PVSRIPO has shown survival improvement compared to historical controls. It is likely that further analysis of these trials will stimulate the development of new administration protocols, and new therapeutic combinations that will improve HGG prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Luisa Varela
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Andrea Comba
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Syed M Faisal
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Anna Argento
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Andrea Franson
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Marcus N Barissi
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Sean Sachdev
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Maria G Castro
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Pedro R Lowenstein
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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Haas GD, Lee B. Paramyxoviruses from bats: changes in receptor specificity and their role in host adaptation. Curr Opin Virol 2023; 58:101292. [PMID: 36508860 PMCID: PMC9974588 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2022.101292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Global metagenomic surveys have revealed that bats host a diverse array of paramyxoviruses, including species from at least five major genera. An essential determinant of successful spillover is the entry of a virus into a new host. We evaluate the role of receptor usage in the zoonotic potential of bat-borne henipaviruses, morbilliviruses, pararubulaviruses, orthorubulaviruses, and jeilongviruses; successful spillover into humans depends upon compatibility of a respective viral attachment protein with its cognate receptor. We also emphasize the importance of postentry restrictions in preventing spillover. Metagenomics and characterization of newly identified paramyxoviruses have greatly improved our understanding of spillover determinants, allowing for better forecasts of which bat-borne viruses may pose the greatest risk for cross-species transmission into humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Griffin D Haas
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029 USA
| | - Benhur Lee
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029 USA.
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Ferren M, Lalande A, Iampietro M, Canus L, Decimo D, Gerlier D, Porotto M, Mathieu C. Early Permissiveness of Central Nervous System Cells to Measles Virus Infection Is Determined by Hyperfusogenicity and Interferon Pressure. Viruses 2023; 15:229. [PMID: 36680268 PMCID: PMC9861295 DOI: 10.3390/v15010229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The cessation of measles virus (MeV) vaccination in more than 40 countries as a consequence of the COVID-19 pandemic is expected to significantly increase deaths due to measles. MeV can infect the central nervous system (CNS) and lead to lethal encephalitis. Substantial part of virus sequences recovered from patients' brain were mutated in the matrix and/or the fusion protein (F). Mutations of the heptad repeat domain located in the C terminal (HRC) part of the F protein were often observed and were associated to hyperfusogenicity. These mutations promote brain invasion as a hallmark of neuroadaptation. Wild-type F allows entry into the brain, followed by limited spreading compared with the massive invasion observed for hyperfusogenic MeV. Taking advantage of our ex vivo models of hamster organotypic brain cultures, we investigated how the hyperfusogenic mutations in the F HRC domain modulate virus distribution in CNS cells. In this study, we also identified the dependence of neural cells susceptibility on both their activation state and destabilization of the virus F protein. Type I interferon (IFN-I) impaired mainly astrocytes and microglial cells permissiveness contrarily to neurons, opening a new way of consideration on the development of treatments against viral encephalitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Ferren
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team Neuro-Invasion, TROpism and VIRal Encephalitis, Université de Lyon, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Alexandre Lalande
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team Neuro-Invasion, TROpism and VIRal Encephalitis, Université de Lyon, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Mathieu Iampietro
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team Immunobiology of the Viral infections, Université de Lyon, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Lola Canus
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team Neuro-Invasion, TROpism and VIRal Encephalitis, Université de Lyon, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Didier Decimo
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team Neuro-Invasion, TROpism and VIRal Encephalitis, Université de Lyon, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Denis Gerlier
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team Neuro-Invasion, TROpism and VIRal Encephalitis, Université de Lyon, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Matteo Porotto
- Center for Host-Pathogen Interaction, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli,” 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Cyrille Mathieu
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team Neuro-Invasion, TROpism and VIRal Encephalitis, Université de Lyon, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France
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Homma T, Tanaka K, Takeda N, Okada Y, Torii S, Esaki H, Sakakibara T, Takimoto N. Two Cases of Exacerbation of Asthma during Treatment with Enfortumab Vedotin. Case Rep Oncol 2023; 16:1217-1222. [PMID: 37900848 PMCID: PMC10601777 DOI: 10.1159/000534150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Enfortumab vedotin is an antibody-drug conjugate against nectin-4 that is recently being used in the management of patients with urothelial carcinoma. The common adverse events include rashes, peripheral neuropathy, and hyperglycemia. Only a few cases of associated respiratory symptoms have been reported. Herein, we describe 2 patients with advanced urothelial carcinoma who experienced asthma exacerbation after initiating enfortumab vedotin treatment. Both patients improved with inhalation therapy. Since nectin-4 is expressed in the tracheal epithelium, its association with asthma is likely. This study highlights that clinicians should caution patients with a history of asthma against the worsening of respiratory symptoms when enfortumab vedotin is administered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takamasa Homma
- Department of Pharmacy, Kariya Toyota General Hospital, Kariya, Japan
| | - Kuniaki Tanaka
- Department of Urology, Kariya Toyota General Hospital, Kariya, Japan
| | - Naoya Takeda
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kariya Toyota General Hospital, Kariya, Japan
| | - Yu Okada
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kariya Toyota General Hospital, Kariya, Japan
| | - Shota Torii
- Department of Pharmacy, Kariya Toyota General Hospital, Kariya, Japan
| | - Hideki Esaki
- Department of Pharmacy, Kariya Toyota General Hospital, Kariya, Japan
| | | | - Norio Takimoto
- Department of Pharmacy, Kariya Toyota General Hospital, Kariya, Japan
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35
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Rocamonde B, Hasan U, Mathieu C, Dutartre H. Viral-induced neuroinflammation: Different mechanisms converging to similar exacerbated glial responses. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1108212. [PMID: 36937670 PMCID: PMC10017484 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1108212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that viral infections are the source/origin of various types of encephalitis, encephalomyelitis, and other neurological and cognitive disorders. While the involvement of certain viruses, such as the Nipah virus and measles virus, is known, the mechanisms of neural invasion and the factors that trigger intense immune reactions are not fully understood. Based on recent publications, this review discusses the role of the immune response, interactions between viruses and glial cells, and cytokine mediators in the development of inflammatory diseases in the central nervous system. It also highlights the significant gaps in knowledge regarding these mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda Rocamonde
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Équipe d’Oncogenèse Rétrovirale, INSERM U1111 - Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR 5308, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Lyon, Lyon, France
- Equipe Labellisée par la Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale, Labex Ecofect, Lyon, France
- *Correspondence: Brenda Rocamonde,
| | - Uzma Hasan
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team Enveloped Viruses, Vectors and Immunotherapy INSERM U1111 - Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR 5308, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Lyon, Lyon, France
- The Lyon Immunotherapy for Cancer Laboratory (LICL), Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon (CRCL, UMR INSERM 1052 – CNRS 5286) Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Cyrille Mathieu
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie Équipe Neuro-Invasion, Tropism and Viral Encephalitis, INSERM U1111 - Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR 5308, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Lyon, Lyon, France
- Cyrille Mathieu,
| | - Hélène Dutartre
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Équipe d’Oncogenèse Rétrovirale, INSERM U1111 - Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR 5308, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Lyon, Lyon, France
- Equipe Labellisée par la Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale, Labex Ecofect, Lyon, France
- Hélène Dutartre,
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36
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Seki F, Takeda M. Novel and classical morbilliviruses: Current knowledge of three divergent morbillivirus groups. Microbiol Immunol 2022; 66:552-563. [PMID: 36151905 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.13030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Currently, seven species of morbillivirus have been classified. Six of these species (Measles morbillivirus, Rinderpest morbillivirus, Small ruminant morbillivirus, Canine morbillivirus, Phocine morbillivirus, and Cetacean morbillivirus) are highly infectious and cause serious systemic diseases in humans, livestock, domestic dogs, and wild animals. These species commonly use the host proteins signaling lymphocytic activation molecule (SLAM) and nectin-4 as receptors, and this usage contributes to their virulence. The seventh species (Feline morbillivirus: FeMV) is phylogenetically divergent from the six SLAM-using species. FeMV differs from the SLAM-using morbillivirus group in pathogenicity and infectivity, and is speculated to use non-SLAM receptors. Recently, novel species of morbilliviruses have been discovered in bats, rodents, and domestic pigs. Because the ability to use SLAM and nectin-4 is closely related to the infectivity and pathogenicity of morbilliviruses, investigation of the potential usage of these receptors is useful for estimating infectivity and pathogenicity. The SLAM-binding sites in the receptor-binding protein show high similarity among the SLAM-using morbilliviruses. This feature may help to estimate whether novel morbillivirus species can use SLAM as a receptor. A novel morbillivirus species isolated from wild mice diverged from the classified morbilliviruses in the phylogenetic tree, forming a third group separate from the SLAM-using morbillivirus group and FeMV. This suggests that the novel rodent morbillivirus may exhibit a different risk from the SLAM-using morbillivirus group, and analyses of its viral pathogenicity and infectivity toward humans are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumio Seki
- Department of Virology 3, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Musashimurayama, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Takeda
- Department of Virology 3, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Musashimurayama, Tokyo, Japan
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Amurri L, Reynard O, Gerlier D, Horvat B, Iampietro M. Measles Virus-Induced Host Immunity and Mechanisms of Viral Evasion. Viruses 2022; 14:v14122641. [PMID: 36560645 PMCID: PMC9781438 DOI: 10.3390/v14122641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune system deploys a complex network of cells and signaling pathways to protect host integrity against exogenous threats, including measles virus (MeV). However, throughout its evolutionary path, MeV developed various mechanisms to disrupt and evade immune responses. Despite an available vaccine, MeV remains an important re-emerging pathogen with a continuous increase in prevalence worldwide during the last decade. Considerable knowledge has been accumulated regarding MeV interactions with the innate immune system through two antagonistic aspects: recognition of the virus by cellular sensors and viral ability to inhibit the induction of the interferon cascade. Indeed, while the host could use several innate adaptors to sense MeV infection, the virus is adapted to unsettle defenses by obstructing host cell signaling pathways. Recent works have highlighted a novel aspect of innate immune response directed against MeV unexpectedly involving DNA-related sensing through activation of the cGAS/STING axis, even in the absence of any viral DNA intermediate. In addition, while MeV infection most often causes a mild disease and triggers a lifelong immunity, its tropism for invariant T-cells and memory T and B-cells provokes the elimination of one primary shield and the pre-existing immunity against previously encountered pathogens, known as "immune amnesia".
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Amurri
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), Team Immunobiology of Viral infections, Univ Lyon, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 21 Avenue Tony Garnier, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Olivier Reynard
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), Team Immunobiology of Viral infections, Univ Lyon, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 21 Avenue Tony Garnier, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Denis Gerlier
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), Team Neuro-Invasion, TROpism and VIRal Encephalitis, Univ Lyon, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Branka Horvat
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), Team Immunobiology of Viral infections, Univ Lyon, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 21 Avenue Tony Garnier, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Mathieu Iampietro
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), Team Immunobiology of Viral infections, Univ Lyon, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 21 Avenue Tony Garnier, 69007 Lyon, France
- Correspondence:
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Lee PH, Choi SM, An MH, Hwang DY, Park S, Baek AR, Jang AS. Nectin4 is a potential therapeutic target for asthma. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1049900. [PMID: 36457999 PMCID: PMC9707334 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1049900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nectins comprise a family of cellular adhesion molecules involved in Ca2+-independent cellular adhesion. Neither the biological significance nor clinical potential of Nectin4 for asthma has been investigated. OBJECTIVES The aims of this study were to elucidate the role of Nectin4 in airway inflammation and to determine the relationship between Nectin4 and clinical variables in patients with asthma. METHODS The relationship between Nectin4 levels in the blood of asthmatic patients and clinical variables was examined. Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus 1 (Der p1)-exposed normal human bronchial epithelial (NHBE) cells, and Nectin4-deficient (Nectin4-/-) and wild-type (WT) mice sensitized/challenged with ovalbumin (OVA), were used to investigate the involvement of Nectin4 in the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma via the Src/Rac1 pathway. RESULTS Plasma Nectin4 levels were significantly higher in asthmatic patients than controls and correlated with specific IgE D1, D2, lung function. The ROC curves for Nectin4 levels differed between asthma patients and controls. Nectin4/Afadin and Src/Rac1 levels were significantly increased in NHBE cells exposed to Der p1, but decreased in NHBE cells treated with Nectin4 siRNA. Airway obstruction and inflammation, as well as the levels of Th2 cytokines, Nectin4, and Src/Rac1, were increased in WT OVA/OVA mice compared with WT sham mice. Nectin4 knockdown resulted in lower levels of Afadin and Src/Rac1 in Nectin4-/-OVA/OVA than WT OVA/OVA mice. CONCLUSION These results suggest that Nectin4 is involved in airway inflammation and may be a therapeutic target in patients with asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pureun-Haneul Lee
- Department of Interdisciplinary Program in Biomedical Science Major, Graduate School of Soonchunhyang University, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, South Korea
| | - Seon Muk Choi
- Department of Interdisciplinary Program in Biomedical Science Major, Graduate School of Soonchunhyang University, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, South Korea
| | - Min Hyeok An
- Department of Interdisciplinary Program in Biomedical Science Major, Graduate School of Soonchunhyang University, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, South Korea
| | - Da Yeon Hwang
- Department of Interdisciplinary Program in Biomedical Science Major, Graduate School of Soonchunhyang University, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, South Korea
| | - Shinhee Park
- Division of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Ae Rin Baek
- Division of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - An-Soo Jang
- Division of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
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Reynard O, Gonzalez C, Dumont C, Iampietro M, Ferren M, Le Guellec S, Laurie L, Mathieu C, Carpentier G, Roseau G, Bovier FT, Zhu Y, Le Pennec D, Montharu J, Addetia A, Greninger AL, Alabi CA, Brisebard E, Moscona A, Vecellio L, Porotto M, Horvat B. Nebulized fusion inhibitory peptide protects cynomolgus macaques from measles virus infection. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6439. [PMID: 36307480 PMCID: PMC9616412 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33832-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Measles is the most contagious airborne viral infection and the leading cause of child death among vaccine-preventable diseases. We show here that aerosolized lipopeptide fusion inhibitor, derived from heptad-repeat regions of the measles virus (MeV) fusion protein, blocks respiratory MeV infection in a non-human primate model, the cynomolgus macaque. We use a custom-designed mesh nebulizer to ensure efficient aerosol delivery of peptide to the respiratory tract and demonstrate the absence of adverse effects and lung pathology in macaques. The nebulized peptide efficiently prevents MeV infection, resulting in the complete absence of MeV RNA, MeV-infected cells, and MeV-specific humoral responses in treated animals. This strategy provides an additional means to fight against respiratory infection in non-vaccinated people, that can be readily translated to human trials. It presents a proof-of-concept for the aerosol delivery of fusion inhibitory peptides to protect against measles and other airborne viruses, including SARS-CoV-2, in case of high-risk exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Reynard
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, INSERM U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 21 Avenue Tony Garnier, 69007, Lyon, France
| | - Claudia Gonzalez
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, INSERM U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 21 Avenue Tony Garnier, 69007, Lyon, France
| | - Claire Dumont
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, INSERM U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 21 Avenue Tony Garnier, 69007, Lyon, France
| | - Mathieu Iampietro
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, INSERM U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 21 Avenue Tony Garnier, 69007, Lyon, France
| | - Marion Ferren
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, INSERM U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 21 Avenue Tony Garnier, 69007, Lyon, France
| | - Sandrine Le Guellec
- DTF-Aerodrug, R&D aerosolltherapy department of DTF medical (Saint Etienne, France), Faculté de médecine, Université de Tours, 37032, Tours, France
| | - Lajoie Laurie
- Université de Tours, Institut national de recherche pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (INRAe), UMR1282, Infectiologie et santé publique (ISP), Tours, France
| | - Cyrille Mathieu
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, INSERM U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 21 Avenue Tony Garnier, 69007, Lyon, France
| | | | | | - Francesca T Bovier
- Center for Host-Pathogen Interaction, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yun Zhu
- Center for Host-Pathogen Interaction, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
- Laboratory of Infection and Virology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Deborah Le Pennec
- INSERM, Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, CEPR U1100, Université de Tours, 37032, Tours, France
| | | | - Amin Addetia
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Alexander L Greninger
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Christopher A Alabi
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | | | - Anne Moscona
- Center for Host-Pathogen Interaction, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Physiology & Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Matteo Porotto
- Center for Host-Pathogen Interaction, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Studies of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli', Naples, Italy
| | - Branka Horvat
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, INSERM U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 21 Avenue Tony Garnier, 69007, Lyon, France.
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FeMV is a cathepsin-dependent unique morbillivirus infecting the kidneys of domestic cats. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2209405119. [PMID: 36251995 PMCID: PMC9618091 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2209405119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Feline morbillivirus (FeMV) is a recently discovered pathogen of domestic cats and has been classified as a morbillivirus in the Paramyxovirus family. We determined the complete sequence of FeMVUS5 directly from an FeMV-positive urine sample without virus isolation or cell passage. Sequence analysis of the viral genome revealed potential divergence from characteristics of archetypal morbilliviruses. First, the virus lacks the canonical polybasic furin cleavage signal in the fusion (F) glycoprotein. Second, conserved amino acids in the hemagglutinin (H) glycoprotein used by all other morbilliviruses for binding and/or fusion activation with the cellular receptor CD150 (signaling lymphocyte activation molecule [SLAM]/F1) are absent. We show that, despite this sequence divergence, FeMV H glycoprotein uses feline CD150 as a receptor and cannot use human CD150. We demonstrate that the protease responsible for cleaving the FeMV F glycoprotein is a cathepsin, making FeMV a unique morbillivirus and more similar to the closely related zoonotic Nipah and Hendra viruses. We developed a reverse genetics system for FeMVUS5 and generated recombinant viruses expressing Venus fluorescent protein from an additional transcription unit located either between the phospho-protein (P) and matrix (M) genes or the H and large (L) genes of the genome. We used these recombinant FeMVs to establish a natural infection and demonstrate that FeMV causes an acute morbillivirus-like disease in the cat. Virus was shed in the urine and detectable in the kidneys at later time points. This opens the door for long-term studies to address the postulated role of this morbillivirus in the development of chronic kidney disease.
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Ebenig A, Lange MV, Mühlebach MD. Versatility of live-attenuated measles viruses as platform technology for recombinant vaccines. NPJ Vaccines 2022; 7:119. [PMID: 36243743 PMCID: PMC9568972 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-022-00543-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Live-attenuated measles virus (MeV) has been extraordinarily effective in preventing measles infections and their often deadly sequelae, accompanied by remarkable safety and stability since their first licensing in 1963. The advent of recombinant DNA technologies, combined with systems to generate infectious negative-strand RNA viruses on the basis of viral genomes encoded on plasmid DNA in the 1990s, paved the way to generate recombinant, vaccine strain-derived MeVs. These live-attenuated vaccine constructs can encode and express additional foreign antigens during transient virus replication following immunization. Effective humoral and cellular immune responses are induced not only against the MeV vector, but also against the foreign antigen cargo in immunized individuals, which can protect against the associated pathogen. This review aims to present an overview of the versatility of this vaccine vector as platform technology to target various diseases, as well as current research and developmental stages, with one vaccine candidate ready to enter phase III clinical trials to gain marketing authorization, MV-CHIK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aileen Ebenig
- Division of Veterinary Medicine, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, D-63225, Langen, Germany
| | - Mona V Lange
- Division of Veterinary Medicine, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, D-63225, Langen, Germany
| | - Michael D Mühlebach
- Division of Veterinary Medicine, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, D-63225, Langen, Germany.
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Adigweme I, Akpalu E, Yisa M, Donkor S, Jarju LB, Danso B, Mendy A, Jeffries D, Njie A, Bruce A, Royals M, Goodson JL, Prausnitz MR, McAllister D, Rota PA, Henry S, Clarke E. Study protocol for a phase 1/2, single-centre, double-blind, double-dummy, randomized, active-controlled, age de-escalation trial to assess the safety, tolerability and immunogenicity of a measles and rubella vaccine delivered by a microneedle patch in healthy adults (18 to 40 years), measles and rubella vaccine-primed toddlers (15 to 18 months) and measles and rubella vaccine-naïve infants (9 to 10 months) in The Gambia [Measles and Rubella Vaccine Microneedle Patch Phase 1/2 Age De-escalation Trial]. Trials 2022; 23:775. [PMID: 36104719 PMCID: PMC9472726 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-022-06493-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND New strategies to increase measles and rubella vaccine coverage, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, are needed if elimination goals are to be achieved. With this regard, measles and rubella vaccine microneedle patches (MRV-MNP), in which the vaccine is embedded in dissolving microneedles, offer several potential advantages over subcutaneous delivery. These include ease of administration, increased thermostability, an absence of sharps waste, reduced overall costs and pain-free administration. This trial will provide the first clinical trial data on MRV-MNP use and the first clinical vaccine trial of MNP technology in children and infants. METHODS This is a phase 1/2, randomized, active-controlled, double-blind, double-dummy, age de-escalation trial. Based on the defined eligibility criteria for the trial, including screening laboratory investigations, 45 adults [18-40 years] followed by 120 toddlers [15-18 months] and 120 infants [9-10 months] will be enrolled in series. To allow double-blinding, participants will receive either the MRV-MNP and a placebo (0.9% sodium chloride) subcutaneous (SC) injection or a placebo MNP and the MRV by SC injection (MRV-SC). Local and systemic adverse event data will be collected for 14 days following study product administration. Safety laboratories will be repeated on day 7 and, in the adult cohort alone, on day 14. Unsolicited adverse events including serious adverse events will be collected until the final study visit for each participant on day 180. Measles and rubella serum neutralizing antibodies will be measured at baseline, on day 42 and on day 180. Cohort progression will be dependent on review of the unblinded safety data by an independent data monitoring committee. DISCUSSION This trial will provide the first clinical data on the use of a MNP to deliver the MRV and the first data on the use of MNPs in a paediatric population. It will guide future product development decisions for what may be a key technology for future measles and rubella elimination. TRIAL REGISTRATION Pan-African Clinical Trials Registry 202008836432905 . CLINICALTRIALS gov NCT04394689.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikechukwu Adigweme
- Vaccines and Immunity Theme, MRC Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Atlantic Boulevard, Fajara, PO Box 273, Banjul, The Gambia
| | - Edem Akpalu
- Vaccines and Immunity Theme, MRC Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Atlantic Boulevard, Fajara, PO Box 273, Banjul, The Gambia
| | - Mohammed Yisa
- Vaccines and Immunity Theme, MRC Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Atlantic Boulevard, Fajara, PO Box 273, Banjul, The Gambia
| | - Simon Donkor
- Vaccines and Immunity Theme, MRC Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Atlantic Boulevard, Fajara, PO Box 273, Banjul, The Gambia
| | - Lamin B Jarju
- Vaccines and Immunity Theme, MRC Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Atlantic Boulevard, Fajara, PO Box 273, Banjul, The Gambia
| | - Baba Danso
- Vaccines and Immunity Theme, MRC Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Atlantic Boulevard, Fajara, PO Box 273, Banjul, The Gambia
| | - Anthony Mendy
- Vaccines and Immunity Theme, MRC Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Atlantic Boulevard, Fajara, PO Box 273, Banjul, The Gambia
| | - David Jeffries
- Vaccines and Immunity Theme, MRC Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Atlantic Boulevard, Fajara, PO Box 273, Banjul, The Gambia
| | - Abdoulie Njie
- Vaccines and Immunity Theme, MRC Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Atlantic Boulevard, Fajara, PO Box 273, Banjul, The Gambia
| | - Andrew Bruce
- Vaccines and Immunity Theme, MRC Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Atlantic Boulevard, Fajara, PO Box 273, Banjul, The Gambia
| | - Michael Royals
- Micron Biomedical, Inc, 311 Ferst Dr, NW, Suite L1309, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - James L Goodson
- Accelerated Disease Control Branch, Global Immunization Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Mark R Prausnitz
- Micron Biomedical, Inc, 311 Ferst Dr, NW, Suite L1309, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Devin McAllister
- Micron Biomedical, Inc, 311 Ferst Dr, NW, Suite L1309, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Paul A Rota
- Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sebastien Henry
- Micron Biomedical, Inc, 311 Ferst Dr, NW, Suite L1309, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Ed Clarke
- Vaccines and Immunity Theme, MRC Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Atlantic Boulevard, Fajara, PO Box 273, Banjul, The Gambia.
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Tamura K, Ishigaki K, Yoshida O, Kazuyuki T, Sakurai N, Heishima T, Fujiyuki T, Kai C, Asano K. Gene expression of
Nectin‐4
and its clinical significance in dogs with primary lung adenocarcinoma. Vet Med Sci 2022; 8:1922-1929. [PMID: 35905293 PMCID: PMC9514464 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Canine primary lung adenocarcinoma (CPLA) is suspected by radiography or computed tomography; however, since there are no tumour markers, early diagnosis is difficult, and the prognosis is poor due to increased tumour volume. Nectin‐4 has been reported to be expressed in human lung, ovarian, and pancreatic cancers and promotes tumour growth. It has been reported to be a tumour marker and prognostic factor, and oncolytic virotherapy is being investigated using nectin‐4 as a therapeutic target. Objectives The purpose of this study was to investigate the expression of Nectin‐4 in CPLA and its clinical significance in dogs with pulmonary adenocarcinomas. Methods The relationships between Nectin‐4 expression and signalling, tumour volume, tumour weight, and prognosis were analyzed in 34 CPLA patients. Results The expression of canine Nectin‐4 (high Nectin‐4) was found in 25 of 34 cases (73%), and Nectin‐4 expression levels did not show any significant associations with gender, body weight, and tumour stage. However, there was a significant positive correlation between Nectin‐4 expression and tumour volume (r = 0.623, p < 0.05) and tumour weight (r = 0.735, p < 0.05). Regarding prognosis, the median survival time was 427 days in high Nectin‐4 cases and 420 days in cases with no Nectin‐4 expression. Conclusion Our study demonstrated that Nectin‐4 is highly expressed in CPLA. In addition, nectin‐4 might be a tumour growth factor in CPLA and thus is a promising biomarker for CPLA. Further investigations on nectin‐4 in CPLA are warranted for its diagnosis and novel targets for oncolytic virotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Tamura
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Medicine College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University Fujisawa Japan
- Laboratory Animal Research Center The Institute of Medical Science The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan
| | - Kumiko Ishigaki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Medicine College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University Fujisawa Japan
| | - Orie Yoshida
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Medicine College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University Fujisawa Japan
| | - Terai Kazuyuki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Medicine College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University Fujisawa Japan
| | - Naoki Sakurai
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Medicine College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University Fujisawa Japan
| | - Tatsuya Heishima
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Medicine College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University Fujisawa Japan
| | - Tomoko Fujiyuki
- Laboratory Animal Research Center The Institute of Medical Science The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan
| | - Chieko Kai
- Laboratory Animal Research Center The Institute of Medical Science The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan
| | - Kazushi Asano
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Medicine College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University Fujisawa Japan
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Hu S, Logan N, Coleman S, Evans C, Willett BJ, Hosie MJ. Correlating IgG Levels with Neutralising Antibody Levels to Indicate Clinical Protection in Healthcare Workers at Risk during a Measles Outbreak. Viruses 2022; 14:v14081716. [PMID: 36016338 PMCID: PMC9415042 DOI: 10.3390/v14081716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The rapid transmission of measles poses a great challenge for measles elimination. Thus, rapid testing is required to screen the health status in the population during measles outbreaks. A pseudotype-based virus neutralisation assay was used to measure neutralising antibody titres in serum samples collected from healthcare workers in Sheffield during the measles outbreak in 2016. Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) pseudotypes bearing the haemagglutinin and fusion glycoproteins of measles virus (MeV) and carrying a luciferase marker gene were prepared; the neutralising antibody titre was defined as the dilution resulting in 90% reduction in luciferase activity. Spearman’s correlation coefficients between IgG titres and neutralising antibody levels ranged from 0.40 to 0.55 (p < 0.05) or from 0.71 to 0.79 (p < 0.0001) when the IgG titres were obtained using different testing kits. In addition, the currently used vaccine was observed to cross-neutralise most circulating MeV genotypes. However, the percentage of individuals being “well-protected” was lower than 95%, the target rate of vaccination coverage to eliminate measles. These results demonstrate that the level of clinical protection against measles in individuals could be inferred by IgG titre, as long as a precise correlation has been established between IgG testing and neutralisation assay; moreover, maintaining a high vaccination coverage rate is still necessary for measles elimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Hu
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Bearsden Road, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
- Correspondence: (S.H.); (M.J.H.)
| | - Nicola Logan
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Bearsden Road, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Sarah Coleman
- Virology Department, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Northern General Hospital, Herries Road, Sheffield S5 7AU, UK
| | - Cariad Evans
- Virology Department, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Northern General Hospital, Herries Road, Sheffield S5 7AU, UK
| | - Brian J. Willett
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Bearsden Road, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Margaret J. Hosie
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Bearsden Road, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
- Correspondence: (S.H.); (M.J.H.)
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Sharp B, Rallabandi R, Devaux P. Advances in RNA Viral Vector Technology to Reprogram Somatic Cells: The Paramyxovirus Wave. Mol Diagn Ther 2022; 26:353-367. [PMID: 35763161 DOI: 10.1007/s40291-022-00599-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Ethical issues are a significant barrier to the use of embryonic stem cells in patients due to their origin: human embryos. To further the development of stem cells in a patient application, alternative sources of cells were sought. A process referred to as reprogramming was established to create induced pluripotent stem cells from somatic cells, resolving the ethical issues, and vectors were developed to deliver the reprogramming factors to generate induced pluripotent stem cells. Early viral vectors used integrating retroviruses and lentiviruses as delivery vehicles for the transcription factors required to initiate reprogramming. However, because of the inherent risk associated with vectors that integrate into the host genome, non-integrating approaches were explored. The development of non-integrating viral vectors offers a safer alternative, and these modern vectors are reliable, efficient, and easy to use to achieve induced pluripotent stem cells suitable for direct patient application in the growing field of individualized medicine. This review summarizes all the RNA viral vectors in the field of reprogramming with a special focus on the emerging delivery vectors based on non-integrating Paramyxoviruses, Sendai and measles viruses. We discuss their design and evolution towards being safe and efficient reprogramming vectors in generating induced pluripotent stem cells from somatic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenna Sharp
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Ramya Rallabandi
- Virology and Gene Therapy Graduate Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Regenerative Sciences Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Patricia Devaux
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA. .,Virology and Gene Therapy Graduate Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA. .,Regenerative Sciences Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
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Schmitz KS, Lange MV, Gommers L, Handrejk K, Porter DP, Alabi CA, Moscona A, Porotto M, de Vries RD, de Swart RL. Repurposing an In Vitro Measles Virus Dissemination Assay for Screening of Antiviral Compounds. Viruses 2022; 14:v14061186. [PMID: 35746658 PMCID: PMC9230603 DOI: 10.3390/v14061186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Measles virus (MV) is a highly contagious respiratory virus responsible for outbreaks associated with significant morbidity and mortality among children and young adults. Although safe and effective measles vaccines are available, the COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in vaccination coverage gaps that may lead to the resurgence of measles when restrictions are lifted. This puts individuals who cannot be vaccinated, such as young infants and immunocompromised individuals, at risk. Therapeutic interventions are complicated by the long incubation time of measles, resulting in a narrow treatment window. At present, the only available WHO-advised option is treatment with intravenous immunoglobulins, although this is not approved as standard of care. Antivirals against measles may contribute to intervention strategies to limit the impact of future outbreaks. Here, we review previously described antivirals and antiviral assays, evaluate the antiviral efficacy of a number of compounds to inhibit MV dissemination in vitro, and discuss potential application in specific target populations. We conclude that broadly reactive antivirals could strengthen existing intervention strategies to limit the impact of measles outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina S. Schmitz
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (K.S.S.); (M.V.L.); (L.G.); (K.H.); (R.D.d.V.)
| | - Mona V. Lange
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (K.S.S.); (M.V.L.); (L.G.); (K.H.); (R.D.d.V.)
| | - Lennert Gommers
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (K.S.S.); (M.V.L.); (L.G.); (K.H.); (R.D.d.V.)
| | - Kim Handrejk
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (K.S.S.); (M.V.L.); (L.G.); (K.H.); (R.D.d.V.)
| | | | - Christopher A. Alabi
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA;
| | - Anne Moscona
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; (A.M.); (M.P.)
- Center for Host–Pathogen Interaction, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Matteo Porotto
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; (A.M.); (M.P.)
- Center for Host–Pathogen Interaction, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Rory D. de Vries
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (K.S.S.); (M.V.L.); (L.G.); (K.H.); (R.D.d.V.)
| | - Rik L. de Swart
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (K.S.S.); (M.V.L.); (L.G.); (K.H.); (R.D.d.V.)
- Correspondence:
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Rabaan AA, Mutair AA, Alhumaid S, Garout M, Alsubki RA, Alshahrani FS, Alfouzan WA, Alestad JH, Alsaleh AE, Al-Mozaini MA, Koritala T, Alotaibi S, Temsah MH, Akbar A, Ahmad R, Khalid Z, Muhammad J, Ahmed N. Updates on Measles Incidence and Eradication: Emphasis on the Immunological Aspects of Measles Infection. Medicina (B Aires) 2022; 58:medicina58050680. [PMID: 35630096 PMCID: PMC9147347 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58050680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Measles is an RNA virus infectious disease mainly seen in children. Despite the availability of an effective vaccine against measles, it remains a health issue in children. Although it is a self-limiting disease, it becomes severe in undernourished and immune-compromised individuals. Measles infection is associated with secondary infections by opportunistic bacteria due to the immunosuppressive effects of the measles virus. Recent reports highlight that measles infection erases the already existing immune memory of various pathogens. This review covers the incidence, pathogenesis, measles variants, clinical presentations, secondary infections, elimination of measles virus on a global scale, and especially the immune responses related to measles infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali A. Rabaan
- Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran 31311, Saudi Arabia
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Public Health and Nutrition, The University of Haripur, Haripur 22610, Pakistan
- Correspondence: (A.A.R.); (N.A.)
| | - Abbas Al Mutair
- Research Center, Almoosa Specialist Hospital, Al-Ahsa 36342, Saudi Arabia;
- College of Nursing, Princess Norah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11564, Saudi Arabia
- School of Nursing, Wollongong University, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Saad Alhumaid
- Administration of Pharmaceutical Care, Al-Ahsa Health Cluster, Ministry of Health, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohammed Garout
- Department of Community Medicine and Health Care for Pilgrims, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Roua A. Alsubki
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Fatimah S. Alshahrani
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, College of Medicine, King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wadha A. Alfouzan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Safat 13110, Kuwait;
- Microbiology Unit, Department of Laboratories, Farwania Hospital, Farwania 85000, Kuwait
| | - Jeehan H. Alestad
- Immunology and Infectious Microbiology Department, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G1 1XQ, UK;
- Microbiology Department, College of Medicine, Jabriya 46300, Kuwait
| | - Abdullah E. Alsaleh
- Core Laboratory, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran 31311, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Maha A. Al-Mozaini
- Immunocompromised Host Research Section, Department of Infection and Immunity, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh 11564, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Thoyaja Koritala
- Division of Hospital Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic Health System, Mankato, MN 56001, USA;
| | - Sultan Alotaibi
- Molecular Microbiology Department, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh 11525, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohamad-Hani Temsah
- Pediatric Department, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ali Akbar
- Department of Microbiology, University of Balochistan, Quetta 87300, Pakistan;
| | - Rafiq Ahmad
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Haripur, Haripur 22610, Pakistan; (R.A.); (Z.K.); (J.M.)
| | - Zainab Khalid
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Haripur, Haripur 22610, Pakistan; (R.A.); (Z.K.); (J.M.)
| | - Javed Muhammad
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Haripur, Haripur 22610, Pakistan; (R.A.); (Z.K.); (J.M.)
| | - Naveed Ahmed
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, University Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (A.A.R.); (N.A.)
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Novel Roles of the Nipah Virus Attachment Glycoprotein and Its Mobility in Early and Late Membrane Fusion Steps. mBio 2022; 13:e0322221. [PMID: 35506666 PMCID: PMC9239137 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.03222-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The Paramyxoviridae family comprises important pathogens that include measles (MeV), mumps, parainfluenza, and the emerging deadly zoonotic Nipah virus (NiV) and Hendra virus (HeV). Paramyxoviral entry into cells requires viral-cell membrane fusion, and formation of paramyxoviral pathognomonic syncytia requires cell-cell membrane fusion. Both events are coordinated by intricate interactions between the tetrameric attachment (G/H/HN) and trimeric fusion (F) glycoproteins. We report that receptor binding induces conformational changes in NiV G that expose its stalk domain, which triggers F through a cascade from prefusion to prehairpin intermediate (PHI) to postfusion conformations, executing membrane fusion. To decipher how the NiV G stalk may trigger F, we introduced cysteines along the G stalk to increase tetrameric strength and restrict stalk mobility. While most point mutants displayed near-wild-type levels of cell surface expression and receptor binding, most yielded increased NiV G oligomeric strength, and showed remarkably strong defects in syncytium formation. Furthermore, most of these mutants displayed stronger F/G interactions and significant defects in their ability to trigger F, indicating that NiV G stalk mobility is key to proper F triggering via moderate G/F interactions. Also remarkably, a mutant capable of triggering F and of fusion pore formation yielded little syncytium formation, implicating G or G/F interactions in a late step occurring post fusion pore formation, such as the extensive fusion pore expansion required for syncytium formation. This study uncovers novel mechanisms by which the G stalk and its oligomerization/mobility affect G/F interactions, the triggering of F, and a late fusion pore expansion step-exciting novel findings for paramyxoviral attachment glycoproteins. IMPORTANCE The important Paramyxoviridae family includes measles, mumps, human parainfluenza, and the emerging deadly zoonotic Nipah virus (NiV) and Hendra virus (HeV). The deadly emerging NiV can cause neurologic and respiratory symptoms in humans with a >60% mortality rate. NiV has two surface proteins, the receptor binding protein (G) and fusion (F) glycoproteins. They mediate the required membrane fusion during viral entry into host cells and during syncytium formation, a hallmark of paramyxoviral and NiV infections. We previously discovered that the G stalk domain is important for triggering F (via largely unknown mechanisms) to induce membrane fusion. Here, we uncovered new roles and mechanisms by which the G stalk and its mobility modulate the triggering of F and also unexpectedly affect a very late step in membrane fusion, namely fusion pore expansion. Importantly, these novel findings may extend to other paramyxoviruses, offering new potential targets for therapeutic interventions.
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Gradauskaite V, Khosravi M, Plattet P. Selective SLAM/CD150 Receptor-Detargeting of Canine Distemper Virus. Virus Res 2022; 318:198841. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2022.198841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Sakamoto K, Satoh Y, Takahashi KI, Wakimoto H, Kitagawa Y, Gotoh B, Ayata M, Itoh M. Upregulation of viral RNA polymerase activity promotes adaptation of SSPE virus to neuronal cells. Virology 2022; 573:1-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2022.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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