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Singh PNP, Gu W, Madha S, Lynch AW, Cejas P, He R, Bhattacharya S, Muñoz Gomez M, Oser MG, Brown M, Long HW, Meyer CA, Zhou Q, Shivdasani RA. Transcription factor dynamics, oscillation, and functions in human enteroendocrine cell differentiation. Cell Stem Cell 2024:S1934-5909(24)00142-5. [PMID: 38733993 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2024.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Enteroendocrine cells (EECs) secrete serotonin (enterochromaffin [EC] cells) or specific peptide hormones (non-EC cells) that serve vital metabolic functions. The basis for terminal EEC diversity remains obscure. By forcing activity of the transcription factor (TF) NEUROG3 in 2D cultures of human intestinal stem cells, we replicated physiologic EEC differentiation and examined transcriptional and cis-regulatory dynamics that culminate in discrete cell types. Abundant EEC precursors expressed stage-specific genes and TFs. Before expressing pre-terminal NEUROD1, post-mitotic precursors oscillated between transcriptionally distinct ASCL1+ and HES6hi cell states. Loss of either factor accelerated EEC differentiation substantially and disrupted EEC individuality; ASCL1 or NEUROD1 deficiency had opposing consequences on EC and non-EC cell features. These TFs mainly bind cis-elements that are accessible in undifferentiated stem cells, and they tailor subsequent expression of TF combinations that underlie discrete EEC identities. Thus, early TF oscillations retard EEC maturation to enable accurate diversity within a medically important cell lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratik N P Singh
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Wei Gu
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Shariq Madha
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Allen W Lynch
- Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Paloma Cejas
- Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Ruiyang He
- Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Swarnabh Bhattacharya
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Miguel Muñoz Gomez
- Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Matthew G Oser
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Departments of Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Myles Brown
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Departments of Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Henry W Long
- Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Clifford A Meyer
- Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Qiao Zhou
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | - Ramesh A Shivdasani
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Departments of Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
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2
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Zhao Y, Zhang B, Ma Y, Guo M, Zhao F, Chen J, Wang B, Jin H, Zhou F, Guan J, Zhao Q, Liu Q, Wang H, Zhao F, Wang X. Distinct molecular profiles drive multifaceted characteristics of colorectal cancer metastatic seeds. J Exp Med 2024; 221:e20231359. [PMID: 38502057 PMCID: PMC10949939 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20231359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Metastasis of primary tumors remains a challenge for early diagnosis and prevention. The cellular properties and molecular drivers of metastatically competent clones within primary tumors remain unclear. Here, we generated 10-16 single cell-derived lines from each of three colorectal cancer (CRC) tumors to identify and characterize metastatic seeds. We found that intrinsic factors conferred clones with distinct metastatic potential and cellular communication capabilities, determining organ-specific metastasis. Poorly differentiated or highly metastatic clones, rather than drug-resistant clones, exhibited poor clinical prognostic impact. Personalized genetic alterations, instead of mutation burden, determined the occurrence of metastatic potential during clonal evolution. Additionally, we developed a gene signature for capturing metastatic potential of primary CRC tumors and demonstrated a strategy for identifying metastatic drivers using isogenic clones with distinct metastatic potential in primary tumors. This study provides insight into the origin and mechanisms of metastasis and will help develop potential anti-metastatic therapeutic targets for CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Institute for Intelligent Healthcare, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Bing Zhang
- Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yiming Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Mengmeng Guo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Fuqiang Zhao
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jianan Chen
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Bingzhi Wang
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Jin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Fulai Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiawei Guan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hongying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Fangqing Zhao
- Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xia Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Institute for Intelligent Healthcare, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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3
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Pardy RD, Walzer KA, Wallbank BA, Byerly JH, O’Dea KM, Cohn IS, Haskins BE, Roncaioli JL, Smith EJ, Buenconsejo GY, Striepen B, Hunter CA. Analysis of intestinal epithelial cell responses to Cryptosporidium highlights the temporal effects of IFN-γ on parasite restriction. PLoS Pathog 2024; 20:e1011820. [PMID: 38718306 PMCID: PMC11078546 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The production of IFN-γ is crucial for control of multiple enteric infections, but its impact on intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) is not well understood. Cryptosporidium parasites exclusively infect epithelial cells and the ability of interferons to activate the transcription factor STAT1 in IEC is required for parasite clearance. Here, the use of single cell RNA sequencing to profile IEC during infection revealed an increased proportion of mid-villus enterocytes during infection and induction of IFN-γ-dependent gene signatures that was comparable between uninfected and infected cells. These analyses were complemented by in vivo studies, which demonstrated that IEC expression of the IFN-γ receptor was required for parasite control. Unexpectedly, treatment of Ifng-/- mice with IFN-γ showed the IEC response to this cytokine correlates with a delayed reduction in parasite burden but did not affect parasite development. These data sets provide insight into the impact of IFN-γ on IEC and suggest a model in which IFN-γ signalling to uninfected enterocytes is important for control of Cryptosporidium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan D. Pardy
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Katelyn A. Walzer
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Bethan A. Wallbank
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Jessica H. Byerly
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Keenan M. O’Dea
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Ian S. Cohn
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Breanne E. Haskins
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Justin L. Roncaioli
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Eleanor J. Smith
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Gracyn Y. Buenconsejo
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Boris Striepen
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Christopher A. Hunter
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
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Ahmad Zawawi SS, Salleh EA, Musa M. Spheroids and organoids derived from colorectal cancer as tools for in vitro drug screening. Explor Target Antitumor Ther 2024; 5:409-431. [PMID: 38745769 PMCID: PMC11090692 DOI: 10.37349/etat.2024.00226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a heterogeneous disease. Conventional two-dimensional (2D) culture employing cell lines was developed to study the molecular properties of CRC in vitro. Although these cell lines which are isolated from the tumor niche in which cancer develop, the translation to human model such as studying drug response is often hindered by the inability of cell lines to recapture original tumor features and the lack of heterogeneous clinical tumors represented by this 2D model, differed from in vivo condition. These limitations which may be overcome by utilizing three-dimensional (3D) culture consisting of spheroids and organoids. Over the past decade, great advancements have been made in optimizing culture method to establish spheroids and organoids of solid tumors including of CRC for multiple purposes including drug screening and establishing personalized medicine. These structures have been proven to be versatile and robust models to study CRC progression and deciphering its heterogeneity. This review will describe on advances in 3D culture technology and the application as well as the challenges of CRC-derived spheroids and organoids as a mode to screen for anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elyn Amiela Salleh
- Human Genome Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Malaysia
| | - Marahaini Musa
- Human Genome Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Malaysia
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5
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Salerno-Goncalves R, Chen H, Bafford AC, Izquierdo M, Hormazábal JC, Lagos R, Tettelin H, D'Mello A, Booth JS, Fasano A, Levine MM, Sztein MB. Early host immune responses in a human organoid-derived gallbladder monolayer to Salmonella Typhi strains from patients with acute and chronic infections: a comparative analysis. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1334762. [PMID: 38533492 PMCID: PMC10963533 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1334762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi), a human-restricted pathogen, invades the host through the gut to cause typhoid fever. Recent calculations of the typhoid fever burden estimated that more than 10 million new typhoid fever cases occur in low and middle-income countries, resulting in 65,400-187,700 deaths yearly. Interestingly, if not antibiotic-treated, upon the resolution of acute disease, 1%-5% of patients become asymptomatic chronic carriers. Chronically infected hosts are not only critical reservoirs of infection that transmit the disease to naive individuals but are also predisposed to developing gallbladder carcinoma. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanisms involved in the early interactions between gallbladder epithelial cells and S. Typhi remain largely unknown. Based on our previous studies showing that closely related S. Typhi strains elicit distinct innate immune responses, we hypothesized that host molecular pathways activated by S. Typhi strains derived from acutely and chronically infected patients would differ. To test this hypothesis, we used a novel human organoid-derived polarized gallbladder monolayer model, and S. Typhi strains derived from acutely and chronically infected patients. We found that S. Typhi strains derived from acutely and chronically infected patients differentially regulate host mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and S6 transcription factors. These variations might be attributed to differential cytokine signaling, predominantly via TNF-α and IL-6 production and appear to be influenced by the duration the isolate was subjected to selective pressures in the gallbladder. These findings represent a significant leap in understanding the complexities behind chronic S. Typhi infections in the gallbladder and may uncover potential intervention targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosângela Salerno-Goncalves
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health and Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Haiyan Chen
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health and Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Andrea C Bafford
- Division of General and Oncologic Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Mariana Izquierdo
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health and Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Juan Carlos Hormazábal
- Seccion Bacteriologia, Subdepartamento de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Departamento de Laboratorio Biomédico, Instituto de Salud Pública de Chile (ISP), Santiago, Chile
| | - Rosanna Lagos
- Seccion Bacteriologia, Subdepartamento de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Departamento de Laboratorio Biomédico, Instituto de Salud Pública de Chile (ISP), Santiago, Chile
| | - Hervé Tettelin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Institute for Genome Sciences (IGS), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Adonis D'Mello
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Institute for Genome Sciences (IGS), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Jayaum S Booth
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health and Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Alessio Fasano
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Myron M Levine
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health and Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Marcelo B Sztein
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health and Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Program in Oncology, University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, United States
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6
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Kwon O, Lee H, Jung J, Son YS, Jeon S, Yoo WD, Son N, Jung KB, Choi E, Lee IC, Kwon HJ, Kim C, Lee MO, Cho HS, Kim DS, Son MY. Chemically-defined and scalable culture system for intestinal stem cells derived from human intestinal organoids. Nat Commun 2024; 15:799. [PMID: 38280855 PMCID: PMC10821882 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45103-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional human intestinal organoids (hIO) are widely used as a platform for biological and biomedical research. However, reproducibility and challenges for large-scale expansion limit their applicability. Here, we establish a human intestinal stem cell (ISC) culture method expanded under feeder-free and fully defined conditions through selective enrichment of ISC populations (ISC3D-hIO) within hIO derived from human pluripotent stem cells. The intrinsic self-organisation property of ISC3D-hIO, combined with air-liquid interface culture in a minimally defined medium, forces ISC3D-hIO to differentiate into the intestinal epithelium with cellular diversity, villus-like structure, and barrier integrity. Notably, ISC3D-hIO is an ideal cell source for gene editing to study ISC biology and transplantation for intestinal diseases. We demonstrate the intestinal epithelium differentiated from ISC3D-hIO as a model system to study severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 viral infection. ISC3D-hIO culture technology provides a biological tool for use in regenerative medicine and disease modelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ohman Kwon
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hana Lee
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeeun Jung
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Ye Seul Son
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sojeong Jeon
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Dong Yoo
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Naeun Son
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Bo Jung
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunho Choi
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Chul Lee
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeongeup, 56212, Republic of Korea
- KRIBB, Korea Preclinical Evaluation Center, Jeongeup, 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Jun Kwon
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeongeup, 56212, Republic of Korea
- KRIBB, Korea Preclinical Evaluation Center, Jeongeup, 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Chuna Kim
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
- KRIBB, Aging Convergence Research Center, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Ok Lee
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Soo Cho
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biological Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Soo Kim
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Young Son
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
- KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Biological Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea.
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7
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Chen J, Horiuchi S, Kuramochi S, Kawasaki T, Kawasumi H, Akiyama S, Arai T, Morinaga K, Kimura T, Kiyono T, Akutsu H, Ishida S, Umezawa A. Human intestinal organoid-derived PDGFRα + mesenchymal stroma enables proliferation and maintenance of LGR4 + epithelial stem cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 15:16. [PMID: 38229108 PMCID: PMC10792855 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03629-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intestinal epithelial cells derived from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) are generally maintained and cultured as organoids in vitro because they do not exhibit adhesion when cultured. However, the three-dimensional structure of organoids makes their use in regenerative medicine and drug discovery difficult. Mesenchymal stromal cells are found near intestinal stem cells in vivo and provide trophic factors to regulate stem cell maintenance and proliferation, such as BMP inhibitors, WNT, and R-spondin. In this study, we aimed to use mesenchymal stromal cells isolated from hPSC-derived intestinal organoids to establish an in vitro culture system that enables stable proliferation and maintenance of hPSC-derived intestinal epithelial cells in adhesion culture. METHODS We established an isolation protocol for intestinal epithelial cells and mesenchymal stromal cells from hPSCs-derived intestinal organoids and a co-culture system for these cells. We then evaluated the intestinal epithelial cells and mesenchymal stromal cells' morphology, proliferative capacity, chromosomal stability, tumorigenicity, and gene expression profiles. We also evaluated the usefulness of the cells for pharmacokinetic and toxicity studies. RESULTS The proliferating intestinal epithelial cells exhibited a columnar form, microvilli and glycocalyx formation, cell polarity, and expression of drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters. The intestinal epithelial cells also showed barrier function, transporter activity, and drug-metabolizing capacity. Notably, small intestinal epithelial stem cells cannot be cultured in adherent culture without mesenchymal stromal cells and cannot replaced by other feeder cells. Organoid-derived mesenchymal stromal cells resemble the trophocytes essential for maintaining small intestinal epithelial stem cells and play a crucial role in adherent culture. CONCLUSIONS The high proliferative expansion, productivity, and functionality of hPSC-derived intestinal epithelial cells may have potential applications in pharmacokinetic and toxicity studies and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- JunLong Chen
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development Research Institute, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan
- Department of Advanced Pediatric Medicine, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Horiuchi
- Division of Pharmacology, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - So Kuramochi
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development Research Institute, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Kawasaki
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development Research Institute, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan
| | - Hayato Kawasumi
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development Research Institute, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan
| | - Saeko Akiyama
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development Research Institute, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan
- Department of Advanced Pediatric Medicine, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tomoki Arai
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development Research Institute, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan
| | - Kenichi Morinaga
- 1st Section, 1st Development Department, Food and Healthcare Business Development Unit, Business Development Division, Research & Business Development Center, Dai Nippon Printing Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tohru Kimura
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Department of BioSciences, Kitasato University School of Science, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tohru Kiyono
- Project for Prevention of HPV-Related Cancer, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hidenori Akutsu
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development Research Institute, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan
| | - Seiichi Ishida
- Division of Pharmacology, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kawasaki, Japan
- Graduate School of Engineering, Sojo University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Akihiro Umezawa
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development Research Institute, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan.
- Department of Advanced Pediatric Medicine, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
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8
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Singh PNP, Gu W, Madha S, Lynch AW, Cejas P, He R, Bhattacharya S, Gomez MM, Oser MG, Brown M, Long HW, Meyer CA, Zhou Q, Shivdasani RA. Transcription factor dynamics, oscillation, and functions in human enteroendocrine cell differentiation. bioRxiv 2024:2024.01.09.574746. [PMID: 38260422 PMCID: PMC10802488 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.09.574746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Enteroendocrine cells (EECs), which secrete serotonin (enterochromaffin cells, EC) or a dominant peptide hormone, serve vital physiologic functions. As with any adult human lineage, the basis for terminal cell diversity remains obscure. We replicated human EEC differentiation in vitro , mapped transcriptional and chromatin dynamics that culminate in discrete cell types, and studied abundant EEC precursors expressing selected transcription factors (TFs) and gene programs. Before expressing the pre-terminal factor NEUROD1, non-replicating precursors oscillated between epigenetically similar but transcriptionally distinct ASCL1 + and HES6 hi cell states. Loss of either factor substantially accelerated EEC differentiation and disrupted EEC individuality; ASCL1 or NEUROD1 deficiency had opposing consequences on EC and hormone-producing cell features. Expressed late in EEC differentiation, the latter TFs mainly bind cis -elements that are accessible in undifferentiated stem cells and tailor the subsequent expression of TF combinations that specify EEC types. Thus, TF oscillations retard EEC maturation to enable accurate EEC diversification.
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9
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Li J, Liu J, Xia W, Yang H, Sha W, Chen H. Deciphering the Tumor Microenvironment of Colorectal Cancer and Guiding Clinical Treatment With Patient-Derived Organoid Technology: Progress and Challenges. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2024; 23:15330338231221856. [PMID: 38225190 PMCID: PMC10793199 DOI: 10.1177/15330338231221856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most prevalent malignant tumors of the digestive tract worldwide. Despite notable advancements in CRC treatment, there is an urgent requirement for preclinical model systems capable of accurately predicting drug efficacy in CRC patients, to identify more effective therapeutic options. In recent years, substantial strides have been made in the field of organoid technology, patient-derived organoid models can phenotypically replicate the original intra-tumor and inter-tumor heterogeneity of CRC, reflecting cellular interactions of the tumor microenvironment. Patient-derived organoid models have become an indispensable tool for investigating the pathogenesis of CRC and facilitating translational research. This review focuses on the application of organoid technology in CRC modeling, tumor microenvironment, and guiding clinical treatment, particularly in drug screening and personalized medicine. It also examines the existing challenges encountered in clinical organoid research and provides a prospective outlook on the future development directions of clinical organoid research, encompassing the standardization of organoid culture technology and the application of tissue engineering technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwei Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianhua Liu
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wuzheng Xia
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongwei Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weihong Sha
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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10
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Pardy RD, Walzer KA, Wallbank BA, Byerly JH, O’Dea KM, Cohn IS, Haskins BE, Roncaioli JL, Smith EJ, Buenconsejo GY, Striepen B, Hunter CA. Analysis of intestinal epithelial cell responses to Cryptosporidium highlights the temporal effects of IFN-γ on parasite restriction. bioRxiv 2023:2023.11.14.567008. [PMID: 38014210 PMCID: PMC10680692 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.14.567008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
The production of IFN-γ is crucial for control of multiple enteric infections, but its impact on intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) is not well understood. Cryptosporidium parasites exclusively infect epithelial cells and the ability of interferons to activate the transcription factor STAT1 in IEC is required for parasite clearance. The use of single cell RNA sequencing to profile IEC during infection revealed induction of IFN-γ-dependent gene signatures that was comparable between uninfected and infected cells, and IEC expression of the IFN-γ receptor was required for parasite control. Unexpectedly, treatment of Ifng-/- mice with IFN-γ demonstrated the IEC response to this cytokine correlates with a delayed reduction in parasite burden but did not affect parasite development. These data sets provide insight into the impact of IFN-γ on IEC and suggest a model in which IFN-γ-mediated bystander activation of uninfected enterocytes is important for control of Cryptosporidium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan D. Pardy
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Katelyn A. Walzer
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Bethan A. Wallbank
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jessica H. Byerly
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Keenan M. O’Dea
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ian S. Cohn
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Breanne E. Haskins
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Justin L. Roncaioli
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Eleanor J. Smith
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Gracyn Y. Buenconsejo
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Boris Striepen
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Christopher A. Hunter
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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11
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Mahdally SM, Izquierdo M, Viscardi RM, Magder LS, Crowley HM, Bafford AC, Drachenberg CB, Farfan MJ, Fasano A, Sztein MB, Salerno-Goncalves R. Secretory-IgA binding to intestinal microbiota attenuates inflammatory reactions as the intestinal barrier of preterm infants matures. Clin Exp Immunol 2023; 213:339-356. [PMID: 37070830 PMCID: PMC10570995 DOI: 10.1093/cei/uxad042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous work has shown that Secretory-IgA (SIgA) binding to the intestinal microbiota is variable and may regulate host inflammatory bowel responses. Nevertheless, the impact of the SIgA functional binding to the microbiota remains largely unknown in preterm infants whose immature epithelial barriers make them particularly susceptible to inflammation. Here, we investigated SIgA binding to intestinal microbiota isolated from stools of preterm infants <33 weeks gestation with various levels of intestinal permeability. We found that SIgA binding to intestinal microbiota attenuates inflammatory reactions in preterm infants. We also observed a significant correlation between SIgA affinity to the microbiota and the infant's intestinal barrier maturation. Still, SIgA affinity was not associated with developing host defenses, such as the production of mucus and inflammatory calprotectin protein, but it depended on the microbiota shifts as the intestinal barrier matures. In conclusion, we reported an association between the SIgA functional binding to the microbiota and the maturity of the preterm infant's intestinal barrier, indicating that the pattern of SIgA coating is altered as the intestinal barrier matures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Mahdally
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mariana Izquierdo
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Rose M Viscardi
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Laurence S Magder
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Helena M Crowley
- Division of Pediatric Surgery and Urology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Andrea C Bafford
- Division of General and Oncologic Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Cinthia B Drachenberg
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mauricio J Farfan
- Departamento de Pediatría y Cirugía Infantil, Facultad de Medicina, Hospital Dr. Luis Calvo Mackenna, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alessio Fasano
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marcelo B Sztein
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Rosangela Salerno-Goncalves
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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12
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Ramsay RG, Whitehall V, Flood MP. Technological advances define shifting pathway signaling from normal to primary and metastatic colorectal cancer. Growth Factors 2023; 41:179-191. [PMID: 37351905 DOI: 10.1080/08977194.2023.2227274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Adoption of organoid/tumoroid propagation of normal and malignant intestinal epithelia has provided unparalleled opportunities to compare cell growth factor and signaling dependencies. These 3D structures recapitulate tumours in terms of gene expression regarding the tumor cells but also allow deeper insights into the contribution of the tumour microenvironment (TME). Elements of the TME can be manipulated or added back in the form of infiltrating cytotoxic lymphocytes and/or cancer associated fibroblasts. The effectiveness of chemo-, radio- and immunotherapies can be explored within weeks of deriving these patient-derived tumour avatars informing treatment of these exact patients in a timely manner. Entrenched paths to colorectal cancer (CRC) from the earliest steps of conventional adenoma or serrated lesion formation, and the recognition of further sub-categorisations embodied by consensus-molecular-subtypes (CMS), provide genetic maps allowing a molecular form of pathologic taxonomy. Recent advances in organoid propagation and scRNAseq are reshaping our understanding of CMS and CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert G Ramsay
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology and Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Clinical Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Vicki Whitehall
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Queensland, Australia
- Conjoint Internal Medicine Laboratory, Pathology Queensland, Queensland, Australia
| | - Michael P Flood
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology and Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
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13
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Zhao Y, Guo M, Zhao F, Liu Q, Wang X. Colonic stem cells from normal tissues adjacent to tumor drive inflammation and fibrosis in colorectal cancer. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:186. [PMID: 37528407 PMCID: PMC10391886 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01140-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In colorectal cancer (CRC), the normal tissue adjacent to tumor (NAT) communicates actively with the tumor. Adult stem cells from the colon play a crucial role in the development of the colonic epithelium. In the tumor microenvironment, however, it is unclear what changes have occurred in colonic stem cells derived from NAT. METHODS Using an intestinal stem cell culture system, we cultured colonic cells from NAT and paired CRC tissue, as well as cells from healthy tissue (HLT). Clonogenicity and differentiation ability were used to compare the function of clones from NAT, HLT and CRC tissues. RNA high-throughput sequencing of these clones was used to identify the molecular characteristics of NAT-derived clones. Coculture of clones from HLT and CRC was used to assess molecular changes. RESULTS We found that the morphological characteristics, clonogenic ability, and differentiation ability of NAT-derived clones were consistent with those of HLT-derived clones. However, NAT-derived clones changed at the molecular level. A number of genes were specifically activated in NAT. NAT-derived clones enriched pathways related to inflammation and fibrosis, including epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) pathway and TGF-beta signaling pathway. Our results also confirmed that NAT-derived clones could recruit fibroblasts in mice. In addition, HLT-derived clones showed high expression of FOSB when cocultured with tumor cells. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that colonic stem cells from NAT in the tumor microenvironment undergo changes at the molecular level, and these molecular characteristics can be maintained in vitro, which can induce fibrosis and an inflammatory response. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Mengmeng Guo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Fuqiang Zhao
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, National Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, National Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Xia Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
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14
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Tian CM, Yang MF, Xu HM, Zhu MZ, Yue NN, Zhang Y, Shi RY, Yao J, Wang LS, Liang YJ, Li DF. Stem cell-derived intestinal organoids: a novel modality for IBD. Cell Death Discov 2023; 9:255. [PMID: 37479716 PMCID: PMC10362068 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01556-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The organoids represent one of the greatest revolutions in the biomedical field in the past decade. This three-dimensional (3D) micro-organ cultured in vitro has a structure highly similar to that of the tissue and organ. Using the regeneration ability of stem cells, a 3D organ-like structure called intestinal organoids is established, which can mimic the characteristics of real intestinal organs, including morphology, function, and personalized response to specific stimuli. Here, we discuss current stem cell-based organ-like 3D intestinal models, including understanding the molecular pathophysiology, high-throughput screening drugs, drug efficacy testing, toxicological evaluation, and organ-based regeneration of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We summarize the advances and limitations of the state-of-the-art reconstruction platforms for intestinal organoids. The challenges, advantages, and prospects of intestinal organs as an in vitro model system for precision medicine are also discussed. Key applications of stem cell-derived intestinal organoids. Intestinal organoids can be used to model infectious diseases, develop new treatments, drug screens, precision medicine, and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Mei Tian
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, China
- Department of Emergency, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Mei-Feng Yang
- Department of Hematology, Yantian District People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Hao-Ming Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 51000, China
| | - Min-Zheng Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 51000, China
| | - Ning-Ning Yue
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen People's Hospital The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Medical Administration, Huizhou Institute of Occupational Diseases Control and Prevention, Huizhou, 516000, Guangdong, China
| | - Rui-Yue Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, China.
| | - Jun Yao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, China.
| | - Li-Sheng Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yu-Jie Liang
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, China.
| | - De-Feng Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, China.
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15
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Huang X, Gu W, Zhang J, Lan Y, Colarusso JL, Li S, Pertl C, Lu J, Kim H, Zhu J, Breault DT, Sévigny J, Zhou Q. Stomach-derived human insulin-secreting organoids restore glucose homeostasis. Nat Cell Biol 2023; 25:778-786. [PMID: 37106062 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-023-01130-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Gut stem cells are accessible by biopsy and propagate robustly in culture, offering an invaluable resource for autologous cell therapies. Insulin-producing cells can be induced in mouse gut, but it has not been possible to generate abundant and durable insulin-secreting cells from human gut tissues to evaluate their potential as a cell therapy for diabetes. Here we describe a protocol to differentiate cultured human gastric stem cells into pancreatic islet-like organoids containing gastric insulin-secreting (GINS) cells that resemble β-cells in molecular hallmarks and function. Sequential activation of the inducing factors NGN3 and PDX1-MAFA led human gastric stem cells onto a distinctive differentiation path, including a SOX4High endocrine and GalaninHigh GINS precursor, before adopting β-cell identity, at efficiencies close to 70%. GINS organoids acquired glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in 10 days and restored glucose homeostasis for over 100 days in diabetic mice after transplantation, providing proof of concept for a promising approach to treat diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Huang
- Division of Regenerative Medicine and Hartman Institute for Therapeutic Organ Regeneration, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wei Gu
- Division of Regenerative Medicine and Hartman Institute for Therapeutic Organ Regeneration, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jiaoyue Zhang
- Division of Regenerative Medicine and Hartman Institute for Therapeutic Organ Regeneration, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ying Lan
- Division of Regenerative Medicine and Hartman Institute for Therapeutic Organ Regeneration, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jonathan L Colarusso
- Division of Regenerative Medicine and Hartman Institute for Therapeutic Organ Regeneration, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sanlan Li
- Division of Regenerative Medicine and Hartman Institute for Therapeutic Organ Regeneration, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Christoph Pertl
- Division of Regenerative Medicine and Hartman Institute for Therapeutic Organ Regeneration, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jiaqi Lu
- Division of Regenerative Medicine and Hartman Institute for Therapeutic Organ Regeneration, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hyunkee Kim
- Division of Regenerative Medicine and Hartman Institute for Therapeutic Organ Regeneration, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jian Zhu
- Division of Regenerative Medicine and Hartman Institute for Therapeutic Organ Regeneration, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - David T Breault
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jean Sévigny
- Département de Microbiologie-Infectiologie et d'Immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
- Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Qiao Zhou
- Division of Regenerative Medicine and Hartman Institute for Therapeutic Organ Regeneration, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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16
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Hong X, Nie H, Deng J, Liang S, Chen L, Li J, Gong S, Wang G, Zuo W, Hou F, Zhang F. WT1 + glomerular parietal epithelial progenitors promote renal proximal tubule regeneration after severe acute kidney injury. Theranostics 2023; 13:1311-1324. [PMID: 36923529 PMCID: PMC10008742 DOI: 10.7150/thno.79326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Mammalian renal proximal tubules can partially regenerate after acute kidney injury (AKI). However, cells participating in the renal proximal tubule regeneration remain to be elucidated. Wilms' tumor 1 (WT1) expresses in a subtype of glomeruli parietal epithelial cells (PECs) in adult kidneys, it remains unclear whether these WT1+ PECs play a role in renal regeneration/repair after AKI. Methods: Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) mouse model was used to investigate the expression pattern of WT1 in the kidney after severe AKI. Conditional deletion of WT1 gene mice were generated using Pax8CreERT2 and WT1fl/fl mice to examine the function of WT1. Then, genetic cell lineage tracing and single-cell RNA sequencing were performed to illustrate that WT1+ PECs develop into WT1+ proximal tubular epithelial cells (PTECs). Furthermore, in vitro clonogenicity, direct differentiation analysis and in vivo transplantation were used to reveal the stem cell-like properties of these WT1+ PECs. Results: The expression of WT1 protein in PECs and PTECs was increased after severe AKI. Conditional deletion of WT1 gene in PTECs and PECs aggravated renal tubular injury after severe AKI. WT1+ PECs develop into WT1+ PTECs via the transient scattered tubular cell stage, and these WT1+ PECs possess specific stem cell-like properties. Conclusions: We discovered a group of WT1+ PECs that promote renal proximal tubule regeneration/repair after severe AKI, and the expression of WT1 in PECs and PTECs is essential for renal proximal tubule regeneration after severe kidney injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xizhen Hong
- Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Guangzhou, China.,Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, 510005 Guangzhou, China.,Division of Nephrology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No.88, Jiefang Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Hao Nie
- East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200120, China.,Kiangnan Stem Cell Institute, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Juan Deng
- Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shiting Liang
- Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liting Chen
- Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Li
- Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Siqiao Gong
- Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guobao Wang
- Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Zuo
- East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200120, China.,Kiangnan Stem Cell Institute, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Fanfan Hou
- Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Guangzhou, China.,Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, 510005 Guangzhou, China
| | - Fujian Zhang
- Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Guangzhou, China.,Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, 510005 Guangzhou, China
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17
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Meran L, Tullie L, Eaton S, De Coppi P, Li VSW. Bioengineering human intestinal mucosal grafts using patient-derived organoids, fibroblasts and scaffolds. Nat Protoc 2023; 18:108-135. [PMID: 36261633 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-022-00751-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Tissue engineering is an interdisciplinary field that combines stem cells and matrices to form functional constructs that can be used to repair damaged tissues or regenerate whole organs. Tissue stem cells can be expanded and functionally differentiated to form 'mini-organs' resembling native tissue architecture and function. The choice of the scaffold is also pivotal to successful tissue reconstruction. Scaffolds may be broadly classified into synthetic or biological depending upon the purpose of the engineered organ. Bioengineered intestinal grafts represent a potential source of transplantable tissue for patients with intestinal failure, a condition resulting from extensive anatomical and functional loss of small intestine and therefore digestive and absorptive capacity. Prior strategies in intestinal bioengineering have predominantly used either murine or pluripotent cells and synthetic or decellularized rodent scaffolds, thus limiting their translation. Microscale models of human intestinal epithelium on shaped hydrogels and synthetic scaffolds are more physiological, but their regenerative potential is limited by scale. Here we present a protocol for bioengineering human intestinal grafts using patient-derived materials in a bioreactor culture system. This includes the isolation, expansion and biobanking of patient-derived intestinal organoids and fibroblasts, the generation of decellularized human intestinal scaffolds from native human tissue and providing a system for recellularization to form transplantable grafts. The duration of this protocol is 12 weeks, and it can be completed by scientists with prior experience of organoid culture. The resulting engineered mucosal grafts comprise physiological intestinal epithelium, matrix and surrounding niche, offering a valuable tool for both regenerative medicine and the study of human gastrointestinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laween Meran
- Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Section, DBC, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
- Medical Research Council Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Lucinda Tullie
- Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Section, DBC, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Simon Eaton
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Section, DBC, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Paolo De Coppi
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Section, DBC, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK.
- Specialist Neonatal and Paediatric Surgery Unit, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK.
| | - Vivian S W Li
- Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK.
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18
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Bao L, Cui X, Bai R, Chen C. Advancing intestinal organoid technology to decipher nano-intestine interactions and treat intestinal disease. Nano Res 2022; 16:3976-3990. [PMID: 36465523 PMCID: PMC9685037 DOI: 10.1007/s12274-022-5150-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
With research burgeoning in nanoscience and nanotechnology, there is an urgent need to develop new biological models that can simulate native structure, function, and genetic properties of tissues to evaluate the adverse or beneficial effects of nanomaterials on a host. Among the current biological models, three-dimensional (3D) organoids have developed as powerful tools in the study of nanomaterial-biology (nano-bio) interactions, since these models can overcome many of the limitations of cell and animal models. A deep understanding of organoid techniques will facilitate the development of more efficient nanomedicines and further the fields of tissue engineering and personalized medicine. Herein, we summarize the recent progress in intestinal organoids culture systems with a focus on our understanding of the nature and influencing factors of intestinal organoid growth. We also discuss biomimetic extracellular matrices (ECMs) coupled with nanotechnology. In particular, we analyze the application prospects for intestinal organoids in investigating nano-intestine interactions. By integrating nanotechnology and organoid technology, this recently developed model will fill the gaps left due to the deficiencies of traditional cell and animal models, thus accelerating both our understanding of intestine-related nanotoxicity and the development of nanomedicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Bao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety & CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Xuejing Cui
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety & CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190 China
- The GBA National Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, Guangzhou, 510700 China
| | - Ru Bai
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety & CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190 China
| | - Chunying Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety & CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190 China
- The GBA National Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, Guangzhou, 510700 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
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19
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Gao Y, Dong J, Qi S, Zhou X, Wu X, Wang W, Wen L, Fu W, Tang F. Establishment and characterization of adult human gastric epithelial progenitor‐like cell lines. Cell Prolif 2022:e13355. [DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Gao
- School of Life Sciences, Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center, Department of General Surgery Third Hospital, Peking University Beijing China
- Peking‐Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies Peking University Beijing China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation Beijing China
| | - Ji Dong
- Guangzhou Laboratory Guangzhou China
| | - Shuyue Qi
- School of Life Sciences, Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center, Department of General Surgery Third Hospital, Peking University Beijing China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation Beijing China
| | - Xin Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center, Department of General Surgery Third Hospital, Peking University Beijing China
- Peking University Third Hospital Cancer Center Peking University Third Hospital Beijing China
| | - Xinglong Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology Hebei Agricultural University Baoding Hebei China
| | - Wendong Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center, Department of General Surgery Third Hospital, Peking University Beijing China
- Peking University Third Hospital Cancer Center Peking University Third Hospital Beijing China
| | - Lu Wen
- School of Life Sciences, Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center, Department of General Surgery Third Hospital, Peking University Beijing China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation Beijing China
| | - Wei Fu
- School of Life Sciences, Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center, Department of General Surgery Third Hospital, Peking University Beijing China
- Peking University Third Hospital Cancer Center Peking University Third Hospital Beijing China
| | - Fuchou Tang
- School of Life Sciences, Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center, Department of General Surgery Third Hospital, Peking University Beijing China
- Peking‐Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies Peking University Beijing China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation Beijing China
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20
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Zhao Y, Zhang B, Ma Y, Zhao F, Chen J, Wang B, Jin H, Zhou F, Guan J, Zhao Q, Wang H, Liu Q, Zhao F, Wang X. Colorectal Cancer Patient-Derived 2D and 3D Models Efficiently Recapitulate Inter- and Intratumoral Heterogeneity. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2022; 9:e2201539. [PMID: 35652270 PMCID: PMC9353492 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202201539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Pre-existing drug resistance and tumorigenicity of cancer cells are highly correlated with therapeutic failure and tumor growth. However, current cancer models are limited in their application to the study of intratumor functional heterogeneity in personalized oncology. Here, an innovative two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) model for patient-derived cancer cells (PDCCs) and air-liquid interface (ALI) organotypic culture is established from colorectal cancer (CRC). The PDCCs recapitulate the genomic landscape of their parental tumors with high efficiency, high proliferation rate, and long-term stability, while corresponding ALI organotypic cultures retain histological architecture of their original tumors. Interestingly, both 2D and 3D models maintain the transcriptomic profile of the corresponding primary tumors and display the same trend in response to 5-Fluoruracil, regardless of their difference in gene expression profiles. Furthermore, single-cell-derived clones() are efficiently established and pre-existing drug-resistant clones and highly tumorigenic clones within individual CRC tumors are identified. It is found that tumorigenic cancer cells do not necessarily possess the stem cells characteristics in gene expression. This study provides valuable platform and resource for exploring the molecular mechanisms underlying the pre-existing drug resistance and tumorigenicity in cancer cells, as well as for developing therapeutic targets specifically for pre-existing drug-resistant or highly tumorigenic clones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China
| | - Bing Zhang
- Beijing Institutes of Life ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China
| | - Yiming Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular OncologyNational Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing100021China
| | - Fuqiang Zhao
- Department of Colorectal SurgeryNational Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing100021China
| | - Jianan Chen
- Department of Colorectal SurgeryNational Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing100021China
| | - Bingzhi Wang
- Department of PathologyNational Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing100021China
| | - Hua Jin
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China
| | - Fulai Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China
| | - Jiawei Guan
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China
| | - Qian Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China
| | - Hongying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular OncologyNational Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing100021China
| | - Qian Liu
- Department of Colorectal SurgeryNational Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing100021China
| | - Fangqing Zhao
- Beijing Institutes of Life ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China
- Key Laboratory of Systems BiologyHangzhou Institute for Advanced StudyUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesHangzhou310024China
- Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and GeneticsChinese Academy of SciencesKunming650223China
| | - Xia Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China
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21
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Zhang Q, Bansal A, Dunbar KB, Chang Y, Zhang J, Balaji U, Gu J, Zhang X, Podgaetz E, Pan Z, Spechler SJ, Souza RF. A human Barrett's esophagus organoid system reveals epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity induced by acid and bile salts. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2022; 322:G598-G614. [PMID: 35380457 PMCID: PMC9109796 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00017.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of subsquamous intestinal metaplasia (SSIM), in which glands of Barrett's esophagus (BE) are buried under esophageal squamous epithelium, is unknown. In a rat model of reflux esophagitis, we found that columnar-lined esophagus developed via a wound-healing process involving epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity (EMP) that buried glands under ulcerated squamous epithelium. To explore a role for reflux-induced EMP in BE, we established and characterized human Barrett's organoids and sought evidence of EMP after treatment with acidic bile salts (AB). We optimized media to grow human BE organoids from immortalized human Barrett's cells and from BE biopsies from seven patients, and we characterized histological, morphological, and molecular features of organoid development. Features and markers of EMP were explored following organoid exposure to AB, with and without a collagen I (COL1) matrix to simulate a wound-healing environment. All media successfully initiated organoid growth, but advanced DMEM/F12 (aDMEM) was best at sustaining organoid viability. Using aDMEM, organoids comprising nongoblet and goblet columnar cells that expressed gastric and intestinal cell markers were generated from BE biopsies of all seven patients. After AB treatment, early-stage Barrett's organoids exhibited EMP with loss of membranous E-cadherin and increased protrusive cell migration, events significantly enhanced by COL1. Using human BE biopsies, we have established Barrett's organoids that recapitulate key histological and molecular features of BE to serve as high-fidelity BE models. Our findings suggest that reflux can induce EMP in human BE, potentially enabling Barrett's cells to migrate under adjacent squamous epithelium to form SSIM.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Using Barrett's esophagus (BE) biopsies, we established organoids recapitulating key BE features. During early stages of organoid development, a GERD-like wound environment-induced features of epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity (EMP) in Barrett's progenitor cells, suggesting that reflux-induced EMP can enable Barrett's cells to migrate underneath squamous epithelium to form subsquamous intestinal metaplasia, a condition that may underlie Barrett's cancers that escape detection by endoscopic surveillance, and recurrences of Barrett's metaplasia following endoscopic eradication therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyang Zhang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
- Center for Esophageal Diseases, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
- Center for Esophageal Research, Baylor Scott & White Research Institute, Dallas, Texas
| | - Ajay Bansal
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Kansas City, Missouri
- The University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Kerry B Dunbar
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Dallas Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Yan Chang
- College of Nursing and Health Innovation, the University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas
| | - Jianning Zhang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Uthra Balaji
- Department of Biostatistics Core, Baylor Scott & White Research Institute, Dallas, Texas
| | - Jinghua Gu
- Department of Biostatistics Core, Baylor Scott & White Research Institute, Dallas, Texas
| | - Xi Zhang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
- Center for Esophageal Diseases, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
- Center for Esophageal Research, Baylor Scott & White Research Institute, Dallas, Texas
| | - Eitan Podgaetz
- Center for Esophageal Diseases, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
- Center for Esophageal Research, Baylor Scott & White Research Institute, Dallas, Texas
- Center for Thoracic Surgery, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Zui Pan
- College of Nursing and Health Innovation, the University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas
| | - Stuart Jon Spechler
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
- Center for Esophageal Diseases, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
- Center for Esophageal Research, Baylor Scott & White Research Institute, Dallas, Texas
| | - Rhonda F Souza
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
- Center for Esophageal Diseases, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
- Center for Esophageal Research, Baylor Scott & White Research Institute, Dallas, Texas
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22
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Ramírez-Flores CJ, Tibabuzo Perdomo AM, Gallego-López GM, Knoll LJ. Transcending Dimensions in Apicomplexan Research: from Two-Dimensional to Three-Dimensional In Vitro Cultures. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2022;:e0002522. [PMID: 35412359 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00025-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Parasites belonging to the Apicomplexa phylum are among the most successful pathogens known in nature. They can infect a wide range of hosts, often remain undetected by the immune system, and cause acute and chronic illness. In this phylum, we can find parasites of human and veterinary health relevance, such as Toxoplasma, Plasmodium, Cryptosporidium, and Eimeria. There are still many unknowns about the biology of these pathogens due to the ethical and practical issues of performing research in their natural hosts. Animal models are often difficult or nonexistent, and as a result, there are apicomplexan life cycle stages that have not been studied. One recent alternative has been the use of three-dimensional (3D) systems such as organoids, 3D scaffolds with different matrices, microfluidic devices, organs-on-a-chip, and other tissue culture models. These 3D systems have facilitated and expanded the research of apicomplexans, allowing us to explore life stages that were previously out of reach and experimental procedures that were practically impossible to perform in animal models. Human- and animal-derived 3D systems can be obtained from different organs, allowing us to model host-pathogen interactions for diagnostic methods and vaccine development, drug testing, exploratory biology, and other applications. In this review, we summarize the most recent advances in the use of 3D systems applied to apicomplexans. We show the wide array of strategies that have been successfully used so far and apply them to explore other organisms that have been less studied.
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23
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Häfliger J, Morsy Y, Scharl M, Wawrzyniak M. From Patient Material to New Discoveries: a Methodological Review and Guide for Intestinal Stem Cell Researchers. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2022; 18:1309-1321. [PMID: 35038103 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-021-10307-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Intestinal stem cells (ISC) are characterized by their ability to continuously self-renew and differentiate into various functionally distinct intestinal epithelial cell types. Impaired stem cell proliferation and differentiation can cause severe dysfunction of the gastrointestinal tract and lead to the development of several clinical disorders. Animal mouse models provide a valuable platform to study ISC function, disease mechanisms, and the intestinal epithelium's regenerative capacity upon tissue damage. However, advanced in vitro systems that are more relevant to human physiology are needed to understand better the diverse disease-triggering factors and the heterogeneity in clinical manifestations. Intestinal biopsies from patients might serve as potent starting material for such "gut-in-a-dish" approaches. While many promising tools for intestinal tissue processing, in vitro expansion, and downstream analysis have been developed in recent years, a comprehensive guide with recommendations to successfully launch or improve intestinal stem cell culture is missing. In this review, we present a selection of currently established methods, highlight recent publications and discuss the potential and limitations of those methodological approaches to facilitate and support the future design of novel and more personalized therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine Häfliger
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Sternwartstrasse 14, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Yasser Morsy
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Sternwartstrasse 14, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Scharl
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Sternwartstrasse 14, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marcin Wawrzyniak
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Sternwartstrasse 14, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland.
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24
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Zhao Z, Wang Y, Wu Y, Li D, Zhang T, Ma Y, Teng X, Zuo W. Single-cell analysis defines the lineage plasticity of stem cells in cervix epithelium. Cell Regen 2021; 10:36. [PMID: 34719766 PMCID: PMC8558147 DOI: 10.1186/s13619-021-00096-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Information about the dynamic change and post-injury regeneration of cervical epithelium is relatively rare, even though it is tightly related to gynecologic malignancy. Here, using a feeder cell-based culturing system, we stably cloned mouse and human P63 and KRT5 expressing cells from the adult cervix as putative cervical stem/progenitor cells (CVSCs). When subjected to differentiation, the cultured cells gave rise to mature cervical epithelium by differentiating into squamous or glandular cells. The ability of endogenous mouse CVSCs to reconstitute cervical epithelium after injury was also evident from the genetic lineage tracing experiments. Single-cell transcriptomic analysis further classified the CVSCs into three subtypes and delineated their bi-lineage differentiation roadmap by pseudo-time analysis. We also tracked the real-time differentiation routes of two representing single CVSC lines in vitro and found that they recapitulated the predicted roadmap in pseudo-time analysis. Signaling pathways including Wnt, TGF-beta, Notch and EGFR were found to regulate the cervical epithelial hierarchy and implicated the different roles of distinct types of cells in tissue homeostasis and tumorigenesis. Collectively, the above data provide a cloning system to achieve stable in vitro culture of a bi-lineage stem/progenitor cell population in the cervix, which has profound implications for our understanding of the cervix stem/progenitor cell function in homeostasis, regeneration, and disease and could be helpful for developing stem cell-based therapies in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixian Zhao
- East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yujia Wang
- East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Super Organ R&D Center, Regend Therapeutics, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingchuan Wu
- East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Jincai East Secondary School, Shanghai, China
| | - Dandan Li
- East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Super Organ R&D Center, Regend Therapeutics, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Ma
- Super Organ R&D Center, Regend Therapeutics, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoming Teng
- Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Zuo
- East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China. .,Super Organ R&D Center, Regend Therapeutics, Shanghai, China. .,Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China. .,The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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25
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Greco L, Rubbino F, Morelli A, Gaiani F, Grizzi F, de’Angelis GL, Malesci A, Laghi L. Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition: A Challenging Playground for Translational Research. Current Models and Focus on TWIST1 Relevance and Gastrointestinal Cancers. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111469. [PMID: 34768901 PMCID: PMC8584071 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Resembling the development of cancer by multistep carcinogenesis, the evolution towards metastasis involves several passages, from local invasion and intravasation, encompassing surviving anoikis into the circulation, landing at distant sites and therein establishing colonization, possibly followed by the outgrowth of macroscopic lesions. Within this cascade, epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) works as a pleiotropic program enabling cancer cells to overcome local, systemic, and distant barriers against diffusion by replacing traits and functions of the epithelial signature with mesenchymal-like ones. Along the transition, a full-blown mesenchymal phenotype may not be accomplished. Rather, the plasticity of the program and its dependency on heterotopic signals implies a pendulum with oscillations towards its reversal, that is mesenchymal to epithelial transition. Cells in intermixed E⇔M states can also display stemness, enabling their replication together with the epithelial reversion next to successful distant colonization. If we aim to include the EMT among the hallmarks of cancer that could modify clinical practice, the gap between the results pursued in basic research by animal models and those achieved in translational research by surrogate biomarkers needs to be filled. We review the knowledge on EMT, derived from models and mechanistic studies as well as from translational studies, with an emphasis on gastrointestinal cancers (GI).
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana Greco
- Laboratory of Molecular Gastroenterology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Italy; (L.G.); (F.R.); (A.M.)
| | - Federica Rubbino
- Laboratory of Molecular Gastroenterology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Italy; (L.G.); (F.R.); (A.M.)
| | - Alessandra Morelli
- Laboratory of Molecular Gastroenterology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Italy; (L.G.); (F.R.); (A.M.)
| | - Federica Gaiani
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy; (F.G.); (G.L.d.)
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, University-Hospital of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Fabio Grizzi
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Italy;
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20072 Pieve Emanuele, Italy;
| | - Gian Luigi de’Angelis
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy; (F.G.); (G.L.d.)
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, University-Hospital of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Alberto Malesci
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20072 Pieve Emanuele, Italy;
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Italy
| | - Luigi Laghi
- Laboratory of Molecular Gastroenterology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Italy; (L.G.); (F.R.); (A.M.)
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy; (F.G.); (G.L.d.)
- Correspondence:
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26
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Abstract
Infectious diseases affect individual health and have widespread societal impacts. New ex vivo models are critical to understand pathogenesis, host response, and features necessary to develop preventive and therapeutic treatments. Pluripotent and tissue stem cell-derived organoids provide new tools for the study of human infections. Organoid models recapitulate many characteristics of in vivo disease and are providing new insights into human respiratory, gastrointestinal, and neuronal host-microbe interactions. Increasing culture complexity by adding the stroma, interorgan communication, and the microbiome will improve the use of organoids as models for infection. Organoid cultures provide a platform with the capability to improve human health related to infectious diseases. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Medicine, Volume 73 is January 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Blutt
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA; .,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Mary K Estes
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA; .,Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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27
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Pang MJ, Burclaff JR, Jin R, Adkins-Threats M, Osaki LH, Han Y, Mills JC, Miao ZF, Wang ZN. Gastric Organoids: Progress and Remaining Challenges. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 13:19-33. [PMID: 34547535 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2021.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The stomach is a complex and physiologically necessary organ, yet large differences in physiology between mouse and human stomachs have impeded translation of physiological discoveries and drug screens performed using murine gastric tissues. Gastric cancer (GC) is a global health threat, with a high mortality rate and limited treatment options. The heterogeneous nature of GC makes it poorly suited for current "one size fits all" standard treatments. In this review, we discuss the rapidly evolving field of gastric organoids, with a focus on studies expanding cultures from primary human tissues and describing the benefits of mouse organoid models. We introduce the differing methods for culturing healthy gastric tissue from adult tissues or pluripotent stem cells, discuss the promise these systems have for preclinical drug screens, and highlight applications of organoids for precision medicine. Finally, we discuss the limitations of these models and look to the future to present potential ways gastric organoids will advance treatment options for patients with GC.
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28
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Zeng Z, Huang B, Parvez RK, Li Y, Chen J, Vonk AC, Thornton ME, Patel T, Rutledge EA, Kim AD, Yu J, Grubbs BH, McMahon JA, Pastor-Soler NM, Hallows KR, McMahon AP, Li Z. Generation of patterned kidney organoids that recapitulate the adult kidney collecting duct system from expandable ureteric bud progenitors. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3641. [PMID: 34131121 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23911-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Current kidney organoids model development and diseases of the nephron but not the contiguous epithelial network of the kidney’s collecting duct (CD) system. Here, we report the generation of an expandable, 3D branching ureteric bud (UB) organoid culture model that can be derived from primary UB progenitors from mouse and human fetal kidneys, or generated de novo from human pluripotent stem cells. In chemically-defined culture conditions, UB organoids generate CD organoids, with differentiated principal and intercalated cells adopting spatial assemblies reflective of the adult kidney’s collecting system. Aggregating 3D-cultured nephron progenitor cells with UB organoids in vitro results in a reiterative process of branching morphogenesis and nephron induction, similar to kidney development. Applying an efficient gene editing strategy to remove RET activity, we demonstrate genetically modified UB organoids can model congenital anomalies of kidney and urinary tract. Taken together, these platforms will facilitate an enhanced understanding of development, regeneration and diseases of the mammalian collecting duct system. Here, the authors model the collecting duct system in kidneys by taking ureteric bud (UB) progenitor cells from both mouse and human primary tissues, as well as from hESC and hiPSC to generate organoids, which can model congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract.
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Janmaat VT, Nesteruk K, Spaander MCW, Verhaar AP, Yu B, Silva RA, Phillips WA, Magierowski M, van de Winkel A, Stadler HS, Sandoval-Guzmán T, van der Laan LJW, Kuipers EJ, Smits R, Bruno MJ, Fuhler GM, Clemons NJ, Peppelenbosch MP. HOXA13 in etiology and oncogenic potential of Barrett's esophagus. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3354. [PMID: 34099670 PMCID: PMC8184780 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23641-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Barrett's esophagus in gastrointestinal reflux patients constitutes a columnar epithelium with distal characteristics, prone to progress to esophageal adenocarcinoma. HOX genes are known mediators of position-dependent morphology. Here we show HOX collinearity in the adult gut while Barrett's esophagus shows high HOXA13 expression in stem cells and their progeny. HOXA13 overexpression appears sufficient to explain both the phenotype (through downregulation of the epidermal differentiation complex) and the oncogenic potential of Barrett's esophagus. Intriguingly, employing a mouse model that contains a reporter coupled to the HOXA13 promotor we identify single HOXA13-positive cells distally from the physiological esophagus, which is mirrored in human physiology, but increased in Barrett's esophagus. Additionally, we observe that HOXA13 expression confers a competitive advantage to cells. We thus propose that Barrett's esophagus and associated esophageal adenocarcinoma is the consequence of expansion of this gastro-esophageal HOXA13-expressing compartment following epithelial injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent T Janmaat
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kateryna Nesteruk
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Manon C W Spaander
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Auke P Verhaar
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bingting Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rodrigo A Silva
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wayne A Phillips
- Division of Cancer Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Surgery (St. Vincent's Hospital), The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Marcin Magierowski
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
| | - Anouk van de Winkel
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - H Scott Stadler
- Department of Skeletal Biology, Shriners Hospital for Children, Portland, OR, USA
| | | | - Luc J W van der Laan
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ernst J Kuipers
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ron Smits
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marco J Bruno
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gwenny M Fuhler
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nicholas J Clemons
- Division of Cancer Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Maikel P Peppelenbosch
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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30
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Zhang W, Michalowski CB, Beloqui A. Oral Delivery of Biologics in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Treatment. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:675194. [PMID: 34150733 PMCID: PMC8209478 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.675194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has been posed as a great worldwide health threat. Having an onset during early adulthood, IBD is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by remission and relapse. Due to its enigmatic etiology, no cure has been developed at the moment. Conventionally, steroids, 5-aminosalicylic acid, and immunosuppressants have been applied clinically to relieve patients’ syndrome which, unfavorably, causes severe adverse drug reactions including diarrhea, anemia, and glaucoma. Insufficient therapeutic effects also loom, and surgical resection is mandatory in half of the patients within 10 years after diagnosis. Biologics demonstrated unique and differentiative therapeutic mechanism which can alleviate the inflammation more effectively. However, their application in IBD has been hindered considering their stability and toxicity. Scientists have brought up with the concept of nanomedicine to achieve the targeted drug delivery of biologics for IBD. Here, we provide an overview of biologics for IBD treatment and we review existing formulation strategies for different biological categories including antibodies, gene therapy, and peptides. This review highlights the current trends in oral delivery of biologics with an emphasis on the important role of nanomedicine in the development of reliable methods for biologic delivery in IBD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wunan Zhang
- Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Cecilia Bohns Michalowski
- Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ana Beloqui
- Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
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31
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Orr JC, Hynds RE. Stem Cell-derived Respiratory Epithelial Cell Cultures as Human Disease Models. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2021; 64:657-668. [PMID: 33428856 PMCID: PMC8456877 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2020-0440tr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in stem cell biology and the understanding of factors that determine lung stem cell self-renewal have enabled long-term in vitro culture of human lung cells derived from airway basal and alveolar type II cells. Improved capability to expand and study primary cells long term, including in clonal cultures that are recently derived from a single cell, will allow experiments that address fundamental questions about lung homeostasis and repair, as well as translational questions in asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pulmonary fibrosis, and lung cancer research. Here, we provide a brief history of postnatal lung epithelial cell culture and describe recent methodological advances. We further discuss the applications of primary cultures in defining "normal" epithelium, in modeling lung disease, and in future cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica C Orr
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, and
| | - Robert E Hynds
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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32
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Barbáchano A, Fernández-Barral A, Bustamante-Madrid P, Prieto I, Rodríguez-Salas N, Larriba MJ, Muñoz A. Organoids and Colorectal Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:2657. [PMID: 34071313 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13112657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Organoids were first established as a three-dimensional cell culture system from mouse small intestine. Subsequent development has made organoids a key system to study many human physiological and pathological processes that affect a variety of tissues and organs. In particular, organoids are becoming very useful tools to dissect colorectal cancer (CRC) by allowing the circumvention of classical problems and limitations, such as the impossibility of long-term culture of normal intestinal epithelial cells and the lack of good animal models for CRC. In this review, we describe the features and current knowledge of intestinal organoids and how they are largely contributing to our better understanding of intestinal cell biology and CRC genetics. Moreover, recent data show that organoids are appropriate systems for antitumoral drug testing and for the personalized treatment of CRC patients.
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33
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Chumduri C, Gurumurthy RK, Berger H, Dietrich O, Kumar N, Koster S, Brinkmann V, Hoffmann K, Drabkina M, Arampatzi P, Son D, Klemm U, Mollenkopf HJ, Herbst H, Mangler M, Vogel J, Saliba AE, Meyer TF. Opposing Wnt signals regulate cervical squamocolumnar homeostasis and emergence of metaplasia. Nat Cell Biol 2021; 23:184-197. [PMID: 33462395 PMCID: PMC7878191 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-020-00619-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The transition zones of the squamous and columnar epithelia constitute hotspots for the emergence of cancer, often preceded by metaplasia, in which one epithelial type is replaced by another. It remains unclear how the epithelial spatial organization is maintained and how the transition zone niche is remodelled during metaplasia. Here we used single-cell RNA sequencing to characterize epithelial subpopulations and the underlying stromal compartment of endo- and ectocervix, encompassing the transition zone. Mouse lineage tracing, organoid culture and single-molecule RNA in situ hybridizations revealed that the two epithelia derive from separate cervix-resident lineage-specific stem cell populations regulated by opposing Wnt signals from the stroma. Using a mouse model of cervical metaplasia, we further show that the endocervical stroma undergoes remodelling and increases expression of the Wnt inhibitor Dickkopf-2 (DKK2), promoting the outgrowth of ectocervical stem cells. Our data indicate that homeostasis at the transition zone results from divergent stromal signals, driving the differential proliferation of resident epithelial lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindrilla Chumduri
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany.
- Chair of Microbiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
| | | | - Hilmar Berger
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Oliver Dietrich
- Institute for RNA-based Infection Research (HIRI), Helmholtz Center for Infection Research (HZI), Würzburg, Germany
| | - Naveen Kumar
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany
- Chair of Microbiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Koster
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Volker Brinkmann
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kirstin Hoffmann
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marina Drabkina
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Dajung Son
- Chair of Microbiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Uwe Klemm
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Mollenkopf
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hermann Herbst
- Institute of Pathology, Vivantes Klinikum Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mandy Mangler
- Department of Gynecology, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- Klinik für Gynäkologie und Geburtsmedizin, Vivantes Auguste-Viktoria-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jörg Vogel
- Institute for RNA-based Infection Research (HIRI), Helmholtz Center for Infection Research (HZI), Würzburg, Germany
- Institute of Molecular Infection Biology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Antoine-Emmanuel Saliba
- Institute for RNA-based Infection Research (HIRI), Helmholtz Center for Infection Research (HZI), Würzburg, Germany
| | - Thomas F Meyer
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany.
- Laboratory of Infection Oncology, Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (IKMB), Christian Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany.
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34
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Lu J, Zhu X, Shui JE, Xiong L, Gierahn T, Zhang C, Wood M, Hally S, Love JC, Li H, Crawford BC, Mou H, Lerou PH. Rho/SMAD/mTOR triple inhibition enables long-term expansion of human neonatal tracheal aspirate-derived airway basal cell-like cells. Pediatr Res 2021; 89:502-509. [PMID: 32365352 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-020-0925-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bronchopulmonary dysplasia remains one of the most common complications of prematurity, despite significant improvements in perinatal care. Functional modeling of human lung development and disease, like BPD, is limited by our ability to access the lung and to maintain relevant progenitor cell populations in culture. METHODS We supplemented Rho/SMAD signaling inhibition with mTOR inhibition to generate epithelial basal cell-like cell lines from tracheal aspirates of neonates. RESULTS Single-cell RNA-sequencing confirmed the presence of epithelial cells in tracheal aspirates obtained from intubated neonates. Using Rho/SMAD/mTOR triple signaling inhibition, neonatal tracheal aspirate-derived (nTAD) basal cell-like cells can be expanded long term and retain the ability to differentiate into pseudostratified airway epithelium. CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrate that neonatal tracheal aspirate-derived epithelial cells can provide a novel ex vivo human cellular model to study neonatal lung development and disease. IMPACT Airway epithelial basal cell-like cell lines were derived from human neonatal tracheal aspirates. mTOR inhibition significantly extends in vitro proliferation of neonatal tracheal aspirate-derived basal cell-like cells (nTAD BCCs). nTAD BCCs can be differentiated into functional airway epithelium. nTAD BCCs provide a novel model to investigate perinatal lung development and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Lu
- Division of Neonatology and Newborn Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Xiaobo Zhu
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Medical Center, the Second Hospital of Shandong University, 250033, Jinan, Shangdong, China
| | - Jessica E Shui
- Division of Neonatology and Newborn Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Linjie Xiong
- Division of Neonatology and Newborn Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Todd Gierahn
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Michael Wood
- Mucosal Immunology & Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Suzanne Hally
- Division of Neonatology and Newborn Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - J Christopher Love
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Hu Li
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Benjamin C Crawford
- Division of Neonatology and Newborn Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Hongmei Mou
- Mucosal Immunology & Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
| | - Paul H Lerou
- Division of Neonatology and Newborn Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
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35
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Xing Y, Liu J, Guo X, Liu H, Zeng W, Wang Y, Zhang C, Lu Y, He D, Ma S, He Y, Xing XH. Engineering organoid microfluidic system for biomedical and health engineering: A review. Chin J Chem Eng 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2020.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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36
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Hinman SS, Wang Y, Kim R, Allbritton NL. In vitro generation of self-renewing human intestinal epithelia over planar and shaped collagen hydrogels. Nat Protoc 2021; 16:352-382. [PMID: 33299154 PMCID: PMC8420814 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-020-00419-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The large intestine, with its array of crypts lining the epithelium and diverse luminal contents, regulates homeostasis throughout the body. In vitro crypts formed from primary human intestinal epithelial stem cells on a 3D shaped hydrogel scaffold replicate the functional and architectural features of in vivo crypts. Collagen scaffolding assembly methods are provided, along with the microfabrication and soft lithography protocols necessary to shape these hydrogels to match the dimensions and density of in vivo crypts. In addition, stem-cell scale-up protocols are provided so that even ultrasmall primary samples can be used as starting material. Initially, these cells are seeded as a proliferative monolayer over the shaped scaffold and cultured as stem/proliferative cells to expand them and cover the scaffold surface with the crypt-shaped structures. To convert these immature crypts into fully polarized, functional units with a basal stem cell niche and luminal differentiated cell zone, stable, linear gradients of growth factors are formed across the crypts. This platform supports the formation of chemical gradients across the crypts, including those of growth and differentiation factors, inflammatory compounds, bile and food metabolites and bacterial products. All microfabrication and device assembly steps are expected to take 8 d, with the primary cells cultured for 12 d to form mature in vitro crypts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel S Hinman
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Yuli Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Raehyun Kim
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Nancy L Allbritton
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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Abstract
The transforming growth factor-beta (TGFβ) pathway is essential during embryo development and in maintaining normal homeostasis. During malignancy, the TGFβ pathway is co-opted by the tumor to increase fibrotic stroma, to promote epithelial to mesenchymal transition increasing metastasis and producing an immune-suppressed microenvironment which protects the tumor from recognition by the immune system. Compelling preclinical data demonstrate the therapeutic potential of blocking TGFβ function in cancer. However, the TGFβ pathway cannot be described as a driver of malignant disease. Two small molecule kinase inhibitors which block the serine-threonine kinase activity of TGFβRI on TGFβRII, a pan-TGFβ neutralizing antibody, a TGFβ trap, a TGFβ antisense agent, an antibody which stabilizes the latent complex of TGFβ and a fusion protein which neutralizes TGFβ and binds PD-L1 are in clinical development. The challenge is how to most effectively incorporate blocking TGFβ activity alone and in combination with other therapeutics to improve treatment outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beverly A Teicher
- Developmental Therapeutics Program, DCTD, National Cancer Institute, RM 4-W602, MSC 9735, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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38
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Marzook NB, Sateriale A. Crypto-Currency: Investing in New Models to Advance the Study of Cryptosporidium Infection and Immunity. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:587296. [PMID: 33312965 PMCID: PMC7708325 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.587296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cryptosporidiosis is a leading cause of diarrheal disease and an important contributor to global morbidity and mortality. Although the brunt of disease burden is felt by children in developing countries, Cryptosporidium is a ubiquitous intestinal parasite with frequent outbreaks around the world. There are no consistently effective treatments for cryptosporidiosis and the research to drive new developments has stagnated, largely due to a lack of efficient in vivo and in vitro models. Fortunately, these research barriers have started to fall. In this review, we highlight two recent advances aiding this process: A tractable mouse model for Cryptosporidium infection and stem cell-based in vitro culture systems that mimic the complexity of the host intestine. These models are paving the way for researchers to investigate Cryptosporidium infection and host immunity down to a molecular level. We believe that wise investments made to adopt and develop these new models will reap benefits not only for the Cryptosporidium community but also for the intestinal immunology field at large.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Bishara Marzook
- Cryptosporidiosis Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Adam Sateriale
- Cryptosporidiosis Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
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Relat RMB, O'Connor RM. Cryptosporidium: host and parasite transcriptome in infection. Curr Opin Microbiol 2020; 58:138-45. [PMID: 33160225 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2020.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cryptosporidium is a waterborne gastrointestinal parasite that causes outbreaks of diarrheal disease worldwide. Despite the impact of this parasite on human health there are no effective drugs or vaccines. Transcriptomic data can provide insights into host-parasite interactions that lead to identification of targets for therapeutic interventions. However, for Cryptosporidium, interpreting transcriptomes has been challenging, in part due to the presence of multiple life cycle stages, the lack of appropriate host cells and the inability to culture the parasite through its complete life cycle. The recent improvements in cell culture and the ability to tag and isolate specific life cycle stages will radically improve transcriptomic data and advance our understanding of Cryptosporidium host-parasite interactions.
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40
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Abstract
The intestinal epithelium possesses a great capacity of self-renewal under normal homeostatic conditions and of regeneration upon damages. The renewal and regenerative processes are driven by intestinal stem cells (ISCs), which reside at the base of crypts and are marked by Lgr5. As Lgr5+ ISCs undergo fast cycling and are vulnerable to damages, there must be other types of cells that can replenish the lost Lgr5+ ISCs and then regenerate the damage epithelium. In addition to Lgr5+ ISCs, quiescent ISCs at the + 4 position in the crypt have been proposed to convert to Lgr5+ ISCs during regeneration. However, this “reserve stem cell” model still remains controversial. Different from the traditional view of a hierarchical organization of the intestinal epithelium, recent works support the dynamic “dedifferentiation” model, in which various cell types within the epithelium can de-differentiate to revert to the stem cell state and then regenerate the epithelium upon tissue injury. Here, we provide an overview of the cell identity and features of two distinct models and discuss the possible mechanisms underlying the intestinal epithelial plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Ye-Guang Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
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41
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Bergenheim F, Fregni G, Buchanan CF, Riis LB, Heulot M, Touati J, Seidelin JB, Rizzi SC, Nielsen OH. A fully defined 3D matrix for ex vivo expansion of human colonic organoids from biopsy tissue. Biomaterials 2020; 262:120248. [PMID: 32891909 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Intestinal organoids have widespread research and biomedical applications, such as disease modeling, drug testing and regenerative medicine. However, the transition towards clinical use has in part been hampered by the dependency on animal tumor-derived basement membrane extracts (BMEs), which are poorly defined and ill-suited for regulatory approval due to their origin and batch-to-batch variability. In order to overcome these limitations, and to enable clinical translation, we tested the use of a fully defined hydrogel matrix, QGel CN99, to establish and expand intestinal organoids directly from human colonic biopsies. We achieved efficient de novo establishment, expansion and organoid maintenance, while also demonstrating sustained genetic stability. Additionally, we were able to preserve stemness and differentiation capacity, with transcriptomic profiles resembling normal colonic epithelium. All data proved comparable to organoids cultured in the BME-benchmark Matrigel. The application of a fully defined hydrogel, completely bypassing the use of BMEs, will drastically improve the reproducibility and scalability of organoid studies, but also advance translational applications in personalized medicine and stem cell-based regenerative therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredrik Bergenheim
- Dept. of Gastroenterology, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, 2730 Herlev, Denmark.
| | - Giulia Fregni
- QGel SA, Innovation Park, EPFL Building G, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Lene Buhl Riis
- Dept. of Pathology, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, 2730 Herlev, Denmark
| | - Mathieu Heulot
- QGel SA, Innovation Park, EPFL Building G, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jeremy Touati
- QGel SA, Innovation Park, EPFL Building G, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Ole Haagen Nielsen
- Dept. of Gastroenterology, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, 2730 Herlev, Denmark
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Costales-Carrera A, Fernández-Barral A, Bustamante-Madrid P, Domínguez O, Guerra-Pastrián L, Cantero R, del Peso L, Burgos A, Barbáchano A, Muñoz A. Comparative Study of Organoids from Patient-Derived Normal and Tumor Colon and Rectal Tissue. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12082302. [PMID: 32824266 PMCID: PMC7465167 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Colon and rectal tumors, often referred to as colorectal cancer, show different gene expression patterns in studies that analyze whole tissue biopsies containing a mix of tumor and non-tumor cells. To better characterize colon and rectal tumors, we investigated the gene expression profile of organoids generated from endoscopic biopsies of rectal tumors and adjacent normal colon and rectum mucosa from therapy-naive rectal cancer patients. We also studied the effect of vitamin D on these organoid types. Gene profiling was performed by RNA-sequencing. Organoids from a normal colon and rectum had a shared gene expression profile that profoundly differed from that of rectal tumor organoids. We identified a group of genes of the biosynthetic machinery as rectal tumor organoid-specific, including those encoding the RNA polymerase II subunits POLR2H and POLR2J. The active vitamin D metabolite 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3/calcitriol upregulated stemness-related genes (LGR5, LRIG1, SMOC2, and MSI1) in normal rectum organoids, while it downregulated differentiation marker genes (TFF2 and MUC2). Normal colon and rectum organoids share similar gene expression patterns and respond similarly to calcitriol. Rectal tumor organoids display distinct and heterogeneous gene expression profiles, with differences with respect to those of colon tumor organoids, and respond differently to calcitriol than normal rectum organoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Costales-Carrera
- Departamento de Biología del Cáncer, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols”, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (A.C.-C.); (A.F.-B.); (P.B.-M.); (L.d.P.); (A.B.)
- Instituto de Investigación del Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (L.G.-P.); (R.C.)
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red-Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Asunción Fernández-Barral
- Departamento de Biología del Cáncer, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols”, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (A.C.-C.); (A.F.-B.); (P.B.-M.); (L.d.P.); (A.B.)
- Instituto de Investigación del Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (L.G.-P.); (R.C.)
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red-Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Bustamante-Madrid
- Departamento de Biología del Cáncer, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols”, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (A.C.-C.); (A.F.-B.); (P.B.-M.); (L.d.P.); (A.B.)
- Instituto de Investigación del Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (L.G.-P.); (R.C.)
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red-Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Orlando Domínguez
- Unidad de Genómica, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), 28029 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Laura Guerra-Pastrián
- Instituto de Investigación del Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (L.G.-P.); (R.C.)
- Departamento de Patología, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ramón Cantero
- Instituto de Investigación del Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (L.G.-P.); (R.C.)
- Unidad Colorrectal, Departamento de Cirugía, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis del Peso
- Departamento de Biología del Cáncer, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols”, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (A.C.-C.); (A.F.-B.); (P.B.-M.); (L.d.P.); (A.B.)
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red-Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Aurora Burgos
- Unidad de Endoscopia, Departamento de Digestivo, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Antonio Barbáchano
- Departamento de Biología del Cáncer, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols”, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (A.C.-C.); (A.F.-B.); (P.B.-M.); (L.d.P.); (A.B.)
- Instituto de Investigación del Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (L.G.-P.); (R.C.)
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red-Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Muñoz
- Departamento de Biología del Cáncer, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols”, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (A.C.-C.); (A.F.-B.); (P.B.-M.); (L.d.P.); (A.B.)
- Instituto de Investigación del Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (L.G.-P.); (R.C.)
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red-Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence:
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Zhao Q, Guan J, Wang X. Intestinal stem cells and intestinal organoids. J Genet Genomics 2020; 47:289-99. [PMID: 32883604 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2020.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The intestinal epithelium is one of the most rapidly renewing tissues, which is fueled by stem cells at the base of the crypts. Strategies of genetic lineage tracing and organoids, which capture major features of original tissues, are powerful avenues for exploring the biology of intestinal stem cells in vivo and in vitro, respectively. The combination of intestinal organoid-culturing system and genetic modification approaches provides an attractive platform to uncover the mechanism of colorectal cancer and genetic disorders in the human minigut. Here, we will provide a comprehensive overview of studies on intestinal epithelium and intestinal stem cells. We will also review the applications of organoids and genetic markers in intestinal research studies. Furthermore, we will discuss the advantages and drawbacks of organoids as disease models compared with mice models and cell lines.
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Abstract
The stomach and intestine are important organs for food digestion, nutrient absorption, immune protection and hormone production. Gastrointestinal diseases such as cancer and ulcer are big threats to human health. Appropriate disease models are in sore need for mechanistic understanding and drug discovery. Organoids are three-dimensional in vitro cultured structures derived from tissues and pluripotent stem cells with multiple types of cells and mimicking in vivo tissues in major aspects. They have a great potential in regenerative medicine and personalized medicine. Here, we review the major signaling pathways regulating gastrointestinal epithelial homeostasis, summarize different methods to generate human gastrointestinal organoids and highlight their applications in biological research and medical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxian Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Ye-Guang Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
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Martin RM, Fowler JL, Cromer MK, Lesch BJ, Ponce E, Uchida N, Nishimura T, Porteus MH, Loh KM. Improving the safety of human pluripotent stem cell therapies using genome-edited orthogonal safeguards. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2713. [PMID: 32483127 PMCID: PMC7264334 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16455-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite their rapidly-expanding therapeutic potential, human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived cell therapies continue to have serious safety risks. Transplantation of hPSC-derived cell populations into preclinical models has generated teratomas (tumors arising from undifferentiated hPSCs), unwanted tissues, and other types of adverse events. Mitigating these risks is important to increase the safety of such therapies. Here we use genome editing to engineer a general platform to improve the safety of future hPSC-derived cell transplantation therapies. Specifically, we develop hPSC lines bearing two drug-inducible safeguards, which have distinct functionalities and address separate safety concerns. In vitro administration of one small molecule depletes undifferentiated hPSCs >106-fold, thus preventing teratoma formation in vivo. Administration of a second small molecule kills all hPSC-derived cell-types, thus providing an option to eliminate the entire hPSC-derived cell product in vivo if adverse events arise. These orthogonal safety switches address major safety concerns with pluripotent cell-derived therapies. Human pluripotent stem cell derived therapies can have serious safety risks. Here the authors design two drug inducible genetic safeguards to deplete undifferentiated hPSCs and hPSC-derived cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata M Martin
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Jonas L Fowler
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.,Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford-UC Berkeley Siebel Stem Cell Institute, Stanford Ludwig Center for Cancer Stem Cell Research and Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - M Kyle Cromer
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Benjamin J Lesch
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Ezequiel Ponce
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Nobuko Uchida
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.,ReGen Med Division, BOCO Silicon Valley, Palo Alto, CA, 94303, USA
| | - Toshinobu Nishimura
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.,Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Matthew H Porteus
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA. .,Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
| | - Kyle M Loh
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA. .,Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford-UC Berkeley Siebel Stem Cell Institute, Stanford Ludwig Center for Cancer Stem Cell Research and Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
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46
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Gao Y, Gao W, Cheng J, Ma L, Su J. Identification of the role of toxin B in the virulence of Clostridioides difficile based on integrated bioinformatics analyses. Int Microbiol 2020; 23:575-87. [PMID: 32388701 DOI: 10.1007/s10123-020-00128-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Clostridioides difficile toxin B (TcdB) plays a critical role in C. difficile infection (CDI), a common and costly healthcare-associated disease. The aim of the current study was to explore the intracellular and potent systemic effects of TcdB on human colon epithelial cells utilizing Gene Expression Omnibus and bioinformatic methods. METHODS Two datasets (GSE63880 and GSE29008) were collected to extract data components of mRNA of TcdB-treated human colon epithelial cells; "limma" package of "R" software was used to screen the differential genes, and "pheatmap" package was applied to construct heat maps for the differential genes; Metascape website was utilized for protein-protein interaction network and Molecular Complex Detection analysis, and Genome Ontology (GO) was used to analyze the selected differential genes. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and Western blot were performed to validate the expression of hub genes. RESULTS GO terms involved in DNA replication and cell cycle were identified significantly enriched in TcdB-treated human colon epithelial cells. Moreover, the decreased expression of DNA replication-related genes, MCM complex, and CDC45 in C. difficile (TcdA-/TcdB+)-infected Caco-2 cells were validated via qRT-PCR and Western blot assays. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, the integrated analysis of different gene expression datasets allowed us to identify a set of genes and GO terms underlying the mechanisms of CDI induced by TcdB. It would aid in understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying TcdB-exposed colon epithelial cells and provide the basis for developing diagnosis biomarkers, treatment, and prevention strategies.
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Peters MF, Choy AL, Pin C, Leishman DJ, Moisan A, Ewart L, Guzzie-Peck PJ, Sura R, Keller DA, Scott CW, Kolaja KL. Developing in vitro assays to transform gastrointestinal safety assessment: potential for microphysiological systems. Lab Chip 2020; 20:1177-1190. [PMID: 32129356 DOI: 10.1039/c9lc01107b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Drug-induced gastrointestinal toxicities (DI-GITs) are among the most common adverse events in clinical trials. High prevalence of DI-GIT has persisted among new drugs due in part to the lack of robust experimental tools to allow early detection or to guide optimization of safer molecules. Developing in vitro assays for the leading GI toxicities (nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, constipation, and abdominal pain) will likely involve recapitulating complex physiological properties that require contributions from diverse cell/tissue types including epithelial, immune, microbiome, nerve, and muscle. While this stipulation may be beyond traditional 2D monocultures of intestinal cell lines, emerging 3D GI microtissues capture interactions between diverse cell and tissue types. These interactions give rise to microphysiologies fundamental to gut biology. For GI microtissues, organoid technology was the breakthrough that introduced intestinal stem cells with the capability of differentiating into each of the epithelial cell types and that self-organize into a multi-cellular tissue proxy with villus- and crypt-like domains. Recently, GI microtissues generated using miniaturized devices with microfluidic flow and cyclic peristaltic strain were shown to induce Caco2 cells to spontaneously differentiate into each of the principle intestinal epithelial cell types. Second generation models comprised of epithelial organoids or microtissues co-cultured with non-epithelial cell types can successfully reproduce cross-'tissue' functional interactions broadening the potential of these models to accurately study drug-induced toxicities. A new paradigm in which in vitro assays become an early part of GI safety assessment could be realized if microphysiological systems (MPS) are developed in alignment with drug-discovery needs. Herein, approaches for assessing GI toxicity of pharmaceuticals are reviewed and gaps are compared with capabilities of emerging GI microtissues (e.g., organoids, organ-on-a-chip, transwell systems) in order to provide perspective on the assay features needed for MPS models to be adopted for DI-GIT assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew F Peters
- Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Boston, USA.
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48
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Duleba M, Yamamoto Y, Neupane R, Rao W, Xie J, Qi Y, Liew AA, Niroula S, Zhang Y, Mahalingam R, Wang S, Goller K, Ajani JA, Vincent M, Ho KY, Hou JK, Hyams JS, Sylvester FA, Crum CP, McKeon F, Xian W. Cloning of ground-state intestinal stem cells from endoscopic biopsy samples. Nat Protoc 2020; 15:1612-1627. [PMID: 32238950 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-020-0298-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
'Adult' or 'somatic' stem cells harbor an intrinsic ability to regenerate tissues. Heterogeneity of such stem cells along the gastrointestinal tract yields the known segmental specificity of this organ and may contribute to the pathology of certain enteric conditions. Here we detail technology for the generation of 'libraries' of clonogenic cells from 1-mm-diamter endoscopic biopsy samples from the human gastrointestinal tract. Each of the 150-300 independent clones in a typical stem cell library can be clonally expanded to billions of cells in a few weeks while maintaining genomic stability and the ability to undergo multipotent differentiation to the specific epithelia from which the sample originated. The key to this methodology is the intrinsic immortality of normal intestinal stem cells (ISCs) and culture systems that maintain them as highly immature, ground-state ISCs marked by a single-cell clonogenicity of 70% and a corresponding 250-fold proliferative advantage over spheroid technologies. Clonal approaches such as this enhance the resolution of molecular genetics, make genome editing easier, and may be useful in regenerative medicine, unravelling heterogeneity in disease, and facilitating drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Duleba
- Stem Cell Center, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Yusuke Yamamoto
- Division of Cellular Signaling, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rahul Neupane
- Stem Cell Center, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Wei Rao
- Stem Cell Center, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jingzhong Xie
- Stem Cell Center, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Yutao Qi
- Stem Cell Center, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Audrey-Ann Liew
- Stem Cell Center, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Suchan Niroula
- Stem Cell Center, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Yanting Zhang
- Stem Cell Center, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Rajasekaran Mahalingam
- Stem Cell Center, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Shan Wang
- Stem Cell Center, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Kristina Goller
- Stem Cell Center, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jaffer A Ajani
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Matthew Vincent
- Tract Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Marlborough, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Khek Yu Ho
- Departments of Medicine and Pathology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jason K Hou
- Division of Gastroenterology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jeffrey S Hyams
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Connecticut Children's Medical Center, Hartford, Connecticut, USA
| | - Francisco A Sylvester
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Christopher P Crum
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Frank McKeon
- Stem Cell Center, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.
| | - Wa Xian
- Stem Cell Center, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.
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Kramer N, Pratscher B, Meneses AMC, Tschulenk W, Walter I, Swoboda A, Kruitwagen HS, Schneeberger K, Penning LC, Spee B, Kieslinger M, Brandt S, Burgener IA. Generation of Differentiating and Long-Living Intestinal Organoids Reflecting the Cellular Diversity of Canine Intestine. Cells 2020; 9:cells9040822. [PMID: 32231153 PMCID: PMC7226743 DOI: 10.3390/cells9040822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Functional intestinal disorders constitute major, potentially lethal health problems in humans. Consequently, research focuses on elucidating the underlying pathobiological mechanisms and establishing therapeutic strategies. In this context, intestinal organoids have emerged as a potent in vitro model as they faithfully recapitulate the structure and function of the intestinal segment they represent. Interestingly, human-like intestinal diseases also affect dogs, making canine intestinal organoids a promising tool for canine and comparative research. Therefore, we generated organoids from canine duodenum, jejunum and colon, and focused on simultaneous long-term expansion and cell differentiation to maximize applicability. Following their establishment, canine intestinal organoids were grown under various culture conditions and then analyzed with respect to cell viability/apoptosis and multi-lineage differentiation by transcription profiling, proliferation assay, cell staining, and transmission electron microscopy. Standard expansion medium supported long-term expansion of organoids irrespective of their origin, but inhibited cell differentiation. Conversely, transfer of organoids to differentiation medium promoted goblet cell and enteroendocrine cell development, but simultaneously induced apoptosis. Unimpeded stem cell renewal and concurrent differentiation was achieved by culturing organoids in the presence of tyrosine kinase ligands. Our findings unambiguously highlight the characteristic cellular diversity of canine duodenum, jejunum and colon as fundamental prerequisite for accurate in vitro modelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Kramer
- Division of Small Animal Internal Medicine, Department for Small Animals and Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria
- Correspondence:
| | - Barbara Pratscher
- Division of Small Animal Internal Medicine, Department for Small Animals and Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Andre M. C. Meneses
- Division of Small Animal Internal Medicine, Department for Small Animals and Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Waltraud Tschulenk
- Institute of Pathology, Department for Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ingrid Walter
- Institute of Pathology, Department for Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander Swoboda
- Division of Small Animal Internal Medicine, Department for Small Animals and Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Hedwig S. Kruitwagen
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Kerstin Schneeberger
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Louis C. Penning
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bart Spee
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Matthias Kieslinger
- Division of Small Animal Internal Medicine, Department for Small Animals and Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Sabine Brandt
- Research Group Oncology, Equine Surgery, Department of Small Animals and Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Iwan A. Burgener
- Division of Small Animal Internal Medicine, Department for Small Animals and Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria
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Mileto SJ, Jardé T, Childress KO, Jensen JL, Rogers AP, Kerr G, Hutton ML, Sheedlo MJ, Bloch SC, Shupe JA, Horvay K, Flores T, Engel R, Wilkins S, McMurrick PJ, Lacy DB, Abud HE, Lyras D. Clostridioides difficile infection damages colonic stem cells via TcdB, impairing epithelial repair and recovery from disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:8064-73. [PMID: 32198200 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1915255117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal infections often induce epithelial damage that must be repaired for optimal gut function. While intestinal stem cells are critical for this regeneration process [R. C. van der Wath, B. S. Gardiner, A. W. Burgess, D. W. Smith, PLoS One 8, e73204 (2013); S. Kozar et al., Cell Stem Cell 13, 626-633 (2013)], how they are impacted by enteric infections remains poorly defined. Here, we investigate infection-mediated damage to the colonic stem cell compartment and how this affects epithelial repair and recovery from infection. Using the pathogen Clostridioides difficile, we show that infection disrupts murine intestinal cellular organization and integrity deep into the epithelium, to expose the otherwise protected stem cell compartment, in a TcdB-mediated process. Exposure and susceptibility of colonic stem cells to intoxication compromises their function during infection, which diminishes their ability to repair the injured epithelium, shown by altered stem cell signaling and a reduction in the growth of colonic organoids from stem cells isolated from infected mice. We also show, using both mouse and human colonic organoids, that TcdB from epidemic ribotype 027 strains does not require Frizzled 1/2/7 binding to elicit this dysfunctional stem cell state. This stem cell dysfunction induces a significant delay in recovery and repair of the intestinal epithelium of up to 2 wk post the infection peak. Our results uncover a mechanism by which an enteric pathogen subverts repair processes by targeting stem cells during infection and preventing epithelial regeneration, which prolongs epithelial barrier impairment and creates an environment in which disease recurrence is likely.
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