1
|
Zhang W, Zhu Y, Wang H, Huang Z, Liu Y, Xu W, Mu W. Highly efficient biosynthesis of 3'-sialyllactose in engineered Escherichia coli. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 269:132081. [PMID: 38705330 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
3'-Sialyllactose (3'-SL), one of the abundant and important sialylated human milk oligosaccharides, is an emerging food ingredient used in infant formula milk. We previously developed an efficient route for 3'-SL biosynthesis in metabolically engineered Escherichia coli BL21(DE3). Here, several promising α2,3-sialyltransferases were re-evaluated from the byproduct synthesis perspective. The α2,3-sialyltransferase from Neisseria meningitidis MC58 (NST) with great potential and the least byproducts was selected for subsequent molecular modification. Computer-assisted mutation sites combined with a semi-rational modification were designed and performed. A combination of two mutation sites (P120H/N113D) of NST was finally confirmed as the best one, which significantly improved 3'-SL biosynthesis, with extracellular titers of 24.5 g/L at 5-L fed-batch cultivations. When NST-P120H/N113D was additionally integrated into the genome of host EZAK (E. coli BL21(DE3)ΔlacZΔnanAΔnanT), the final strain generated 32.1 g/L of extracellular 3'-SL in a 5-L fed-batch fermentation. Overall, we underscored the existence of by-products and improved 3'-SL production by engineering N. meningitidis α2,3-sialyltransferase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingying Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Wang
- Bloomage Biotechnology Corp., Ltd., Jinan, Shandong 250010, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaolin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanlin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanmeng Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhu Y, Zhang J, Zhang W, Mu W. Recent progress on health effects and biosynthesis of two key sialylated human milk oligosaccharides, 3'-sialyllactose and 6'-sialyllactose. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 62:108058. [PMID: 36372185 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2022.108058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs), the third major solid component in breast milk, are recognized as the first prebiotics for health benefits in infants. Sialylated HMOs are an important type of HMOs, accounting for approximately 13% of total HMOs. 3'-Sialyllactose (3'-SL) and 6'-sialyllactose (6'-SL) are two simplest sialylated HMOs. Both SLs display promising prebiotic effects, especially in promoting the proliferation of bifidobacteria and shaping the gut microbiota. SLs exhibit several health effects, including antiadhesive antimicrobial ability, antiviral activity, prevention of necrotizing enterocolitis, immunomodulatory activity, regulation of intestinal epithelial cell response, promotion of brain development, and cognition improvement. Both SLs have been approved as "Generally Recognized as Safe" by the American Food and Drug Administration and are commercially added to infant formula. The biosynthesis of SLs using enzymatic or microbial approaches has been widely studied. The enzymatic synthesis of SLs can be realized by two types of enzymes, sialidases with trans-sialidase activity and sialyltransferases. Microbial synthesis can be achieved by the multiple recombinant bacteria in one-pot reaction, which express the enzymes involved in SL synthesis pathways separately or in combination, or by metabolically engineered strains in a fermentation process. In this article, the physiological properties of 3'-SL and 6'-SL are summarized in detail and the biosynthesis of these SLs via enzymatic and microbial synthesis is comprehensively reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Jiameng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Wenli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Wanmeng Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wang J, Wu J, Li Z, Chen X, Liu W, Yao J. Protein engineering of CMP kinases to improve thermal stability and resultant production of 3′-sialyllactose. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2022.2095302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Wang
- School of Engineering, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
| | - Jinyong Wu
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
- Department of Bioenergy and Bioengineering, Huainan New Energy Research Center, Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Huainan, Anhui, PR China
| | - Zhongkui Li
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
- Department of Bioenergy and Bioengineering, Huainan New Energy Research Center, Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Huainan, Anhui, PR China
| | - Xiangsong Chen
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
- Department of Bioenergy and Bioengineering, Huainan New Energy Research Center, Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Huainan, Anhui, PR China
| | - Weiwei Liu
- School of Engineering, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
| | - Jianming Yao
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
- Department of Bioenergy and Bioengineering, Huainan New Energy Research Center, Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Huainan, Anhui, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Schaapkens X, van Sluis RN, Bobylev EO, Reek JNH, Mooibroek TJ. A Water Soluble Pd 2 L 4 Cage for Selective Binding of Neu5Ac. Chemistry 2021; 27:13719-13724. [PMID: 34486179 PMCID: PMC8518546 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202102176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The sialic acid N‐acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) and its derivatives are involved in many biological processes including cell‐cell recognition and infection by influenza. Molecules that can recognize Neu5Ac might thus be exploited to intervene in or monitor such events. A key obstacle in this development is the sparse availability of easily prepared molecules that bind to this carbohydrate in its natural solvent; water. Here, we report that the carbohydrate binding pocket of an organic soluble [Pd2L4]4+ cage could be equipped with guanidinium‐terminating dendrons to give the water soluble [Pd2L4][NO3]16 cage 7. It was shown by means of NMR spectroscopy that 7 binds selectively to anionic monosaccharides and strongest to Neu5Ac with Ka=24 M−1. The cage had low to no affinity for the thirteen neutral saccharides studied. Aided by molecular modeling, the selectivity for anionic carbohydrates such as Neu5Ac could be rationalized by the presence of charge assisted hydrogen bonds and/or the presence of a salt bridge with a guanidinium solubilizing arm of 7. Establishing that a simple coordination cage such as 7 can already selectively bind to Neu5Ac in water paves the way to improve the stability, affinity and/or selectivity properties of M2L4 cages for carbohydrates and other small molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xander Schaapkens
- Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam (The, Netherlands
| | - Roy N van Sluis
- Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam (The, Netherlands
| | - Eduard O Bobylev
- Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam (The, Netherlands
| | - Joost N H Reek
- Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam (The, Netherlands
| | - Tiddo J Mooibroek
- Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam (The, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Efficient Production of 3′-Sialyllactose by Single Whole-Cell in One-Pot Biosynthesis. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9060932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Sialyllactose (SL) is one of the most important acidic oligosaccharides in human milk, which plays an important role in the health of infants. In this work, an efficient multi-enzyme cascade was developed in a single whole cell to produce 3′-SL. We constructed two compatible plasmids with double cloning sites to co-express four genes. Different combinations were assessed to verify the optimal catalytic ability. Then, the conversion temperature, pH, and stability under the optimal temperature and pH were investigated. Moreover, the optimal conversion conditions and surfactant concentration were determined. By using the optimal conditions (35 °C, pH 7.0, 20 mM polyphosphate, 10 mM cytidine monophosphate (CMP), 20 mM MgCl2), 25 mL and 4 L conversion systems were carried out to produce 3′-SL. Similar results were obtained between different volume conversion reactions, which led the maximum production of 3′-SL to reach 53 mM from 54.2 mM of sialic acid (SA) in the 25 mL system and 52.8 mM of 3′-SL from 53.8 mM of SA in the 4 L system. These encouraging results demonstrate that the developed single whole-cell multi-enzyme system exhibits great potential and economic competitiveness for the manufacture of 3′-SL.
Collapse
|
6
|
Dubey NC, Tripathi BP. Nature Inspired Multienzyme Immobilization: Strategies and Concepts. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:1077-1114. [PMID: 35014469 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c01293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In a biological system, the spatiotemporal arrangement of enzymes in a dense cellular milieu, subcellular compartments, membrane-associated enzyme complexes on cell surfaces, scaffold-organized proteins, protein clusters, and modular enzymes have presented many paradigms for possible multienzyme immobilization designs that were adapted artificially. In metabolic channeling, the catalytic sites of participating enzymes are close enough to channelize the transient compound, creating a high local concentration of the metabolite and minimizing the interference of a competing pathway for the same precursor. Over the years, these phenomena had motivated researchers to make their immobilization approach naturally realistic by generating multienzyme fusion, cluster formation via affinity domain-ligand binding, cross-linking, conjugation on/in the biomolecular scaffold of the protein and nucleic acids, and self-assembly of amphiphilic molecules. This review begins with the discussion of substrate channeling strategies and recent empirical efforts to build it synthetically. After that, an elaborate discussion covering prevalent concepts related to the enhancement of immobilized enzymes' catalytic performance is presented. Further, the central part of the review summarizes the progress in nature motivated multienzyme assembly over the past decade. In this section, special attention has been rendered by classifying the nature-inspired strategies into three main categories: (i) multienzyme/domain complex mimic (scaffold-free), (ii) immobilization on the biomolecular scaffold, and (iii) compartmentalization. In particular, a detailed overview is correlated to the natural counterpart with advances made in the field. We have then discussed the beneficial account of coassembly of multienzymes and provided a synopsis of the essential parameters in the rational coimmobilization design.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi C Dubey
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Bijay P Tripathi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Indian institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Bacterial sialyltransferases and their use in biocatalytic cascades for sialo-oligosaccharide production. Biotechnol Adv 2020; 44:107613. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2020.107613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
8
|
Multi-Enzymatic Cascade One-Pot Biosynthesis of 3'-Sialyllactose Using Engineered Escherichia coli. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25163567. [PMID: 32781536 PMCID: PMC7463868 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25163567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs), one of the most abundant oligosaccharides and has great benefits for human health is 3′-sialyllactose (3′-SL). Given its important physiological functions and the lack of cost-effective production processes, we constructed an in vitro multi-enzymatic cofactor recycling system for the biosynthesis of 3′-SL from a low-cost substrate. First, we constructed the biosynthetic pathway and increased the solubility of cytidine monophosphate kinase (CMK) with chaperones. We subsequently identified that β-galactosidase (lacZ) affects the yield of 3′-SL, and hence with the lacZ gene knocked out, a 3.3-fold increase in the production of 3′-SL was observed. Further, temperature, pH, polyphosphate concentration, and concentration of divalent metal ions for 3′-SL production were optimized. Finally, an efficient biotransformation system was established under the optimized conditions. The maximum production of 3′-SL reached 38.7 mM, and a molar yield of 97.1% from N-acetylneuraminic acid (NeuAc, sialic acid, SA) was obtained. The results demonstrate that the multi-enzymatic cascade biosynthetic pathway with cofactor regeneration holds promise as an industrial strategy for producing 3′-SL.
Collapse
|
9
|
Kieser TJ, Santschi N, Nowack L, Axer A, Kehr G, Albrecht S, Gilmour R. Total Chemical Syntheses of the GM 3 and F-GM 3 Ganglioside Epitopes and Comparative Pre-Clinical Evaluation for Non-Invasive Imaging of Oligodendrocyte Differentiation. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020; 11:2129-2136. [PMID: 32559361 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Gangliosides are intimately involved in a plenum of (neuro)inflammatory processes, yet progress in establishing structure-function interplay is frequently hindered by the availability of well-defined glycostructures. Motivated by the ubiquity of the ganglioside GM3 in chemical neurology, and in particular by its conspicuous presence in myelin, the GM3 epitope was examined with a view to preclinical validation as a tracer. The suitability of this scaffold for the noninvasive imaging of oligodendrocyte differentiation in Multiple sclerosis is disclosed. The stereocontrolled synthesis of a site-selectively fluorinated analogue (F-GM3) is also disclosed to enable a comparative analysis in oligodendrocyte (OL) differentiation. Whereas the native epitope caused a decrease in the viability in a dose-dependent manner, the addition of distinct F-GM3 concentrations over 48 h had no impact on the OL viability. This is likely a consequence of the enhanced hydrolytic stability imparted by the fluorination and highlights the potential of fluorinated glycostructures in the field of molecular imaging. Given the predominant expression of GM3 in oligodendrocytes and the capacity of GM3 to interact with myelin-associated proteins, this preclinical evaluation has revealed F-GM3 to be an intriguing candidate for neurological imaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias J. Kieser
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Nico Santschi
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Luise Nowack
- Institute for Neuropathology, University Hospital Münster, Pottkamp 2, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Alexander Axer
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Gerald Kehr
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Stefanie Albrecht
- Institute for Neuropathology, University Hospital Münster, Pottkamp 2, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Ryan Gilmour
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, Münster 48149, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Coussement P, Bauwens D, Peters G, Maertens J, De Mey M. Mapping and refactoring pathway control through metabolic and protein engineering: The hexosamine biosynthesis pathway. Biotechnol Adv 2020; 40:107512. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2020.107512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
|
11
|
Faijes M, Castejón-Vilatersana M, Val-Cid C, Planas A. Enzymatic and cell factory approaches to the production of human milk oligosaccharides. Biotechnol Adv 2019; 37:667-697. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2019.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
12
|
Janesch B, Saxena H, Sim L, Wakarchuk WW. Comparison of α2,6-sialyltransferases for sialylation of therapeutic proteins. Glycobiology 2019; 29:735-747. [DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwz050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractThe development of therapeutic proteins for the treatment of numerous diseases is one of the fastest growing areas of biotechnology. Therapeutic efficacy and serum half-life are particularly important, and these properties rely heavily on the glycosylation state of the protein. Expression systems to produce authentically fully glycosylated therapeutic proteins with appropriate terminal sialic acids are not yet perfected. The in vitro modification of therapeutic proteins by recombinant sialyltransferases offers a promising and elegant strategy to overcome this problem. Thus, the detailed expression and characterization of sialyltransferases for completion of the glycan chains is of great interest to the community. We identified a novel α2,6-sialyltransferase from Helicobacter cetorum and compared it to the human ST6Gal1 and a Photobacterium sp. sialyltransferase using glycoprotein substrates in a 96-well microtiter-plate-based assay. We demonstrated that the recombinant α2,6-sialyltransferase from H. cetorum is an excellent catalyst for modification of N-linked glycans of different therapeutic proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bettina Janesch
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada
- Department of NanoBiotechnology, Institute for Biologically Inspired Materials, NanoGlycobiology Unit, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, Muthgasse 11, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Hirak Saxena
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada
| | - Lyann Sim
- Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Michael Smith Laboratory, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T1Z1, Canada
| | - Warren W Wakarchuk
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Nidetzky B, Gutmann A, Zhong C. Leloir Glycosyltransferases as Biocatalysts for Chemical Production. ACS Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b00710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bernd Nidetzky
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, Petersgasse 12, A-8010 Graz, Austria
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology (acib), Petersgasse 14, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Alexander Gutmann
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, Petersgasse 12, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Chao Zhong
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, Petersgasse 12, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Sprenger GA, Baumgärtner F, Albermann C. Production of human milk oligosaccharides by enzymatic and whole-cell microbial biotransformations. J Biotechnol 2017; 258:79-91. [PMID: 28764968 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2017.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Human milk oligosaccharides (HMO) are almost unique constituents of breast milk and are not found in appreciable amounts in cow milk. Due to several positive aspects of HMO for the development, health, and wellbeing of infants, production of HMO would be desirable. As a result, scientists from different disciplines have developed methods for the preparation of single HMO compounds. Here, we review approaches to HMO preparation by (chemo-)enzymatic syntheses or by whole-cell biotransformation with recombinant bacterial cells. With lactose as acceptor (in vitro or in vivo), fucosyltransferases can be used for the production of 2'-fucosyllactose, 3-fucosyllactose, or more complex fucosylated core structures. Sialylated HMO can be produced by sialyltransferases and trans-sialidases. Core structures as lacto-N-tetraose can be obtained by glycosyltransferases from chemical donor compounds or by multi-enzyme cascades; recent publications also show production of lacto-N-tetraose by recombinant Escherichia coli bacteria and approaches to obtain fucosylated core structures. In view of an industrial production of HMOs, the whole cell biotransformation is at this stage the most promising option to provide human milk oligosaccharides as food additive.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Georg A Sprenger
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Stuttgart, Allmandring 31, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Florian Baumgärtner
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Stuttgart, Allmandring 31, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Christoph Albermann
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Stuttgart, Allmandring 31, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Gutmann A, Nidetzky B. Unlocking the Potential of Leloir Glycosyltransferases for Applied Biocatalysis: Efficient Synthesis of Uridine 5′-Diphosphate-Glucose by Sucrose Synthase. Adv Synth Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201600754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Gutmann
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering; Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz; Petersgasse 12 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Bernd Nidetzky
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering; Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz; Petersgasse 12 8010 Graz Austria
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology; Petersgasse 14 8010 Graz Austria
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Jiang W, Fang BS. Construction and evaluation of a novel bifunctional phenylalanine–formate dehydrogenase fusion protein for bienzyme system with cofactor regeneration. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 43:577-84. [DOI: 10.1007/s10295-016-1738-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Phenylalanine dehydrogenase (PheDH) plays an important role in enzymatic synthesis of l-phenylalanine for aspartame (sweetener) and detection of phenylketonuria (PKU), suggesting that it is important to obtain a PheDH with excellent characteristics. Gene fusion of PheDH and formate dehydrogenase (FDH) was constructed to form bifunctional multi-enzymes for bioconversion of l-phenylalanine coupled with coenzyme regeneration. Comparing with the PheDH monomer from Microbacterium sp., the bifunctional PheDH–FDH showed noteworthy stability under weakly acidic and alkaline conditions (pH 6.5–9.0). The bifunctional enzyme can produce 153.9 mM l-phenylalanine with remarkable performance of enantiomers choice by enzymatic conversion with high molecular conversion rate (99.87 %) in catalyzing phenylpyruvic acid to l-phenylalanine being 1.50-fold higher than that of the separate expression system. The results indicated the potential application of the PheDH and PheDH–FDH with coenzyme regeneration for phenylpyruvic acid analysis and l-phenylalanine biosynthesis in medical diagnosis and pharmaceutical field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Jiang
- grid.12955.3a 0000000122647233 Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University 361005 Xiamen China
- grid.12955.3a 0000000122647233 The Key Laboratory for Synthetic Biotechnology of Xiamen City Xiamen University 361005 Xiamen China
| | - Bai-Shan Fang
- grid.12955.3a 0000000122647233 Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University 361005 Xiamen China
- grid.12955.3a 0000000122647233 The Key Laboratory for Synthetic Biotechnology of Xiamen City Xiamen University 361005 Xiamen China
- grid.12955.3a 0000000122647233 The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province Xiamen University 361005 Xiamen Fujian China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Schmölzer K, Gutmann A, Diricks M, Desmet T, Nidetzky B. Sucrose synthase: A unique glycosyltransferase for biocatalytic glycosylation process development. Biotechnol Adv 2015; 34:88-111. [PMID: 26657050 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2015.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Revised: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Sucrose synthase (SuSy, EC 2.4.1.13) is a glycosyltransferase (GT) long known from plants and more recently discovered in bacteria. The enzyme catalyzes the reversible transfer of a glucosyl moiety between fructose and a nucleoside diphosphate (NDP) (sucrose+NDP↔NDP-glucose+fructose). The equilibrium for sucrose conversion is pH dependent, and pH values between 5.5 and 7.5 promote NDP-glucose formation. The conversion of a bulk chemical to high-priced NDP-glucose in a one-step reaction provides the key aspect for industrial interest. NDP-sugars are important as such and as key intermediates for glycosylation reactions by highly selective Leloir GTs. SuSy has gained renewed interest as industrially attractive biocatalyst, due to substantial scientific progresses achieved in the last few years. These include biochemical characterization of bacterial SuSys, overproduction of recombinant SuSys, structural information useful for design of tailor-made catalysts, and development of one-pot SuSy-GT cascade reactions for production of several relevant glycosides. These advances could pave the way for the application of Leloir GTs to be used in cost-effective processes. This review provides a framework for application requirements, focusing on catalytic properties, heterologous enzyme production and reaction engineering. The potential of SuSy biocatalysis will be presented based on various biotechnological applications: NDP-sugar synthesis; sucrose analog synthesis; glycoside synthesis by SuSy-GT cascade reactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Schmölzer
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Petersgasse 14, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Alexander Gutmann
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, Petersgasse 12/I, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Margo Diricks
- Centre for Industrial Biotechnology and Biocatalysis, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Tom Desmet
- Centre for Industrial Biotechnology and Biocatalysis, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Bernd Nidetzky
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Petersgasse 14, 8010 Graz, Austria; Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, Petersgasse 12/I, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Sellmeier M, Weinhold B, Münster-Kühnel A. CMP-Sialic Acid Synthetase: The Point of Constriction in the Sialylation Pathway. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2015; 366:139-67. [PMID: 24141690 DOI: 10.1007/128_2013_477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Sialoglycoconjugates form the outermost layer of animal cells and play a crucial role in cellular communication processes. An essential step in the biosynthesis of sialylated glycoconjugates is the activation of sialic acid to the monophosphate diester CMP-sialic acid. Only the activated sugar is transported into the Golgi apparatus and serves as a substrate for the linkage-specific sialyltransferases. Interference with sugar activation abolishes sialylation and is embryonic lethal in mammals. In this chapter we focus on the enzyme catalyzing the activation of sialic acid, the CMP-sialic acid synthetase (CMAS), and compare the enzymatic properties of CMASs isolated from different species. Information concerning the reaction mechanism and active site architecture is included. Moreover, the unusual nuclear localization of vertebrate CMASs as well as the biotechnological application of bacterial CMAS enzymes is addressed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Sellmeier
- Institute for Cellular Chemistry, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, 30625, Germany
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Czabany T, Schmölzer K, Luley-Goedl C, Ribitsch D, Nidetzky B. All-in-one assay for β-d-galactoside sialyltransferases: Quantification of productive turnover, error hydrolysis, and site selectivity. Anal Biochem 2015; 483:47-53. [PMID: 25957124 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2015.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Revised: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Sialyltransferases are important enzymes of glycobiology and the related biotechnologies. The development of sialyltransferases calls for access to quick, inexpensive, and robust analytical tools. We have established an assay for simultaneous characterization of sialyltransferase activity, error hydrolysis, and site selectivity. The described assay does not require expensive substrates, is very sensitive (limit of detection=0.3 μU), and is easy to perform. It is based on sialylation of nitrophenyl galactosides; the products thereof are separated and quantified by ion pair reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tibor Czabany
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering, Graz University of Technology, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | | | | | - Doris Ribitsch
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Bernd Nidetzky
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering, Graz University of Technology, 8010 Graz, Austria; Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Baumgärtner F, Sprenger GA, Albermann C. Galactose-limited fed-batch cultivation of Escherichia coli for the production of lacto-N-tetraose. Enzyme Microb Technol 2015; 75-76:37-43. [PMID: 26047914 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2015.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Lacto-N-tetraose (Gal(β1-3)GlcNAc(β1-3)Gal(β1-4)Glc) is one of the most abundant oligosaccharide structures in human milk. We recently described the synthesis of lacto-N-tetraose by a whole-cell biotransformation with recombinant Escherichia coli cells. However, only about 5% of the lactose was converted into lacto-N-tetraose by this approach. The major product obtained was the intermediate lacto-N-triose II (GlcNAc(β1-3)Gal(β1-4)Glc). In order to improve the bioconversion of lactose to lacto-N-tetraose, we have investigated the influence of the carbon source on the formation of lacto-N-tetraose and on the intracellular availability of the glycosyltransferase substrates, UDP-N-acetylglucosamine and UDP-galactose. By growth of the recombinant E. coli cells on D-galactose, the yield of lacto-N-tetraose (810.8 mg L(-1) culture) was 3.6-times higher compared to cultivation on D-glucose. Using fed-batch cultivation with galactose as sole energy and carbon source, a large-scale synthesis of lacto-N-tetraose was demonstrated. During the 26 h feeding phase the growth rate (μ = 0.05) was maintained by an exponential galactose feed. In total, 16 g L(-1) lactose were fed and resulted in final yields of 12.72 ± 0.21 g L(-1) lacto-N-tetraose and 13.70 ± 0.10 g L(-1) lacto-N-triose II. In total, 173 g of lacto-N-tetraose were produced with a space-time yield of 0.37 g L(-1) h(-1).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Florian Baumgärtner
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Stuttgart, Allmandring 31, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Georg A Sprenger
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Stuttgart, Allmandring 31, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Christoph Albermann
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Stuttgart, Allmandring 31, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Schmölzer K, Czabany T, Luley-Goedl C, Pavkov-Keller T, Ribitsch D, Schwab H, Gruber K, Weber H, Nidetzky B. Complete switch from α-2,3- to α-2,6-regioselectivity in Pasteurella dagmatis β-d-galactoside sialyltransferase by active-site redesign. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:3083-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc09772f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Incorporation of Pro7His and Met117Ala substitutions resulted in a completely regioselective and highly efficient α-2,6-sialyltransferase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tibor Czabany
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering
- Graz University of Technology
- 8010 Graz
- Austria
| | | | | | - Doris Ribitsch
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology
- 8010 Graz
- Austria
| | - Helmut Schwab
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology
- Graz University of Technology
- 8010 Graz
- Austria
| | - Karl Gruber
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences
- University of Graz
- 8010 Graz
- Austria
| | - Hansjörg Weber
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Graz University of Technology
- 8010 Graz
- Austria
| | - Bernd Nidetzky
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology
- 8010 Graz
- Austria
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering
- Graz University of Technology
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Abstract
The important roles played by human milk oligosaccharides (HMOS), the third major component of human milk, in the health of breast-fed infants have been increasingly recognized, as the structures of more than 100 different HMOS have now been elucidated. Despite the recognition of the various functions of HMOS as prebiotics, antiadhesive antimicrobials, and immunomodulators, the roles and the applications of individual HMOS species are less clear. This is mainly due to the limited accessibility to large amounts of individual HMOS in their pure forms. Current advances in the development of enzymatic, chemoenzymatic, whole-cell, and living-cell systems allow for the production of a growing number of HMOS in increasing amounts. This effort will greatly facilitate the elucidation of the important roles of HMOS and allow exploration into the applications of HMOS both as individual compounds and as mixtures of defined structures with desired functions. The structures, functions, and enzyme-catalyzed synthesis of HMOS are briefly surveyed to provide a general picture about the current progress on these aspects. Future efforts should be devoted to elucidating the structures of more complex HMOS, synthesizing more complex HMOS including those with branched structures, and developing HMOS-based or HMOS-inspired prebiotics, additives, and therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Bringing functions together with fusion enzymes—from nature’s inventions to biotechnological applications. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 99:1545-56. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-6315-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Revised: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
24
|
Luo J, Nordvang RT, Morthensen ST, Zeuner B, Meyer AS, Mikkelsen JD, Pinelo M. An integrated membrane system for the biocatalytic production of 3'-sialyllactose from dairy by-products. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2014; 166:9-16. [PMID: 24880807 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Revised: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
An integrated membrane system was investigated for the production of 3'-sialyllactose by an engineered sialidase using casein glycomacropeptide (CGMP) and lactose as substrates. CGMP was purified by ultrafiltration (UF) to remove any small molecules present and then an enzymatic membrane reactor (EMR) was used to separate the product and reuse the enzyme. A PLCC regenerated cellulose membrane was found to be the most suitable for both the UF purification and EMR. Subsequently, nanofiltration (NF) was conducted to increase the purity of the 3'-sialyllactose by removing the excess lactose present. The NTR7450 membrane outperformed others in NF due to its high retention of 3'-sialyllactose (98%) and relatively low rejection of lactose (40%). The lactose in the permeate could be concentrated by the NF45 membrane and recycled into the EMR. The described integrated membrane system enables a more economic and efficient enzymatic production of 3'-sialyllactose.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianquan Luo
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Center for BioProcess Engineering, Building 229, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Rune T Nordvang
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Center for BioProcess Engineering, Building 229, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Sofie T Morthensen
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Center for BioProcess Engineering, Building 229, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Birgitte Zeuner
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Center for BioProcess Engineering, Building 229, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Anne S Meyer
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Center for BioProcess Engineering, Building 229, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jørn Dalgaard Mikkelsen
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Center for BioProcess Engineering, Building 229, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Manuel Pinelo
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Center for BioProcess Engineering, Building 229, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Guo Y, Jers C, Meyer AS, Arnous A, Li H, Kirpekar F, Mikkelsen JD. A Pasteurella multocida sialyltransferase displaying dual trans-sialidase activities for production of 3′-sialyl and 6′-sialyl glycans. J Biotechnol 2014; 170:60-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2013.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Revised: 11/15/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
26
|
Han NS, Kim TJ, Park YC, Kim J, Seo JH. Biotechnological production of human milk oligosaccharides. Biotechnol Adv 2012; 30:1268-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2011.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2011] [Revised: 10/24/2011] [Accepted: 11/08/2011] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
|
27
|
|
28
|
Sugiarto G, Lau K, Qu J, Li Y, Lim S, Mu S, Ames JB, Fisher AJ, Chen X. A sialyltransferase mutant with decreased donor hydrolysis and reduced sialidase activities for directly sialylating LewisX. ACS Chem Biol 2012; 7:1232-40. [PMID: 22583967 DOI: 10.1021/cb300125k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Glycosyltransferases are important catalysts for enzymatic and chemoenzymatic synthesis of complex carbohydrates and glycoconjugates. The glycosylation efficiencies of wild-type glycosyltransferases vary considerably when different acceptor substrates are used. Using a multifunctional Pasteurella multocida sialyltransferase 1 (PmST1) as an example, we show here that the sugar nucleotide donor hydrolysis activity of glycosyltransferases contributes significantly to the low yield of glycosylation when a poor acceptor substrate is used. With a protein crystal structure-based rational design, we generated a single mutant (PmST1 M144D) with decreased donor hydrolysis activity without significantly affecting its α2-3-sialylation activity when a poor fucose-containing acceptor substrate was used. The single mutant also has a drastically decreased α2-3-sialidase activity. X-ray and NMR structural studies revealed that unlike the wild-type PmST1, which changes to a closed conformation once a donor binds, the M144D mutant structure adopts an open conformation even in the presence of the donor substrate. The PmST1 M144D mutant with decreased donor hydrolysis and reduced sialidase activity has been used as a powerful catalyst for efficient chemoenzymatic synthesis of complex sialyl Lewis(x) antigens containing different sialic acid forms. This work sheds new light on the effect of donor hydrolysis activity of glycosyltransferases on glycosyltransferase-catalyzed reactions and provides a novel strategy to improve glycosyltransferase substrate promiscuity by decreasing its donor hydrolysis activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Go Sugiarto
- Department
of Chemistry and ‡Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California-Davis, One Shields Avenue,
Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Kam Lau
- Department
of Chemistry and ‡Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California-Davis, One Shields Avenue,
Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Jingyao Qu
- Department
of Chemistry and ‡Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California-Davis, One Shields Avenue,
Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Yanhong Li
- Department
of Chemistry and ‡Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California-Davis, One Shields Avenue,
Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Sunghyuk Lim
- Department
of Chemistry and ‡Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California-Davis, One Shields Avenue,
Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Shengmao Mu
- Department
of Chemistry and ‡Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California-Davis, One Shields Avenue,
Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - James B. Ames
- Department
of Chemistry and ‡Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California-Davis, One Shields Avenue,
Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Andrew J. Fisher
- Department
of Chemistry and ‡Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California-Davis, One Shields Avenue,
Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Xi Chen
- Department
of Chemistry and ‡Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California-Davis, One Shields Avenue,
Davis, California 95616, United States
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Sialic acid metabolism and sialyltransferases: natural functions and applications. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2012; 94:887-905. [PMID: 22526796 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-012-4040-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2012] [Revised: 03/16/2012] [Accepted: 03/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Sialic acids are a family of negatively charged monosaccharides which are commonly presented as the terminal residues in glycans of the glycoconjugates on eukaryotic cell surface or as components of capsular polysaccharides or lipooligosaccharides of some pathogenic bacteria. Due to their important biological and pathological functions, the biosynthesis, activation, transfer, breaking down, and recycle of sialic acids are attracting increasing attention. The understanding of the sialic acid metabolism in eukaryotes and bacteria leads to the development of metabolic engineering approaches for elucidating the important functions of sialic acid in mammalian systems and for large-scale production of sialosides using engineered bacterial cells. As the key enzymes in biosynthesis of sialylated structures, sialyltransferases have been continuously identified from various sources and characterized. Protein crystal structures of seven sialyltransferases have been reported. Wild-type sialyltransferases and their mutants have been applied with or without other sialoside biosynthetic enzymes for producing complex sialic acid-containing oligosaccharides and glycoconjugates. This mini-review focuses on current understanding and applications of sialic acid metabolism and sialyltransferases.
Collapse
|
30
|
Yu CC, Kuo YY, Liang CF, Chien WT, Wu HT, Chang TC, Jan FD, Lin CC. Site-Specific Immobilization of Enzymes on Magnetic Nanoparticles and Their Use in Organic Synthesis. Bioconjug Chem 2012; 23:714-24. [DOI: 10.1021/bc200396r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Ching Yu
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Sec. 2, Kuang Fu Rd. Hsinchu, 30013,
Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ying Kuo
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Sec. 2, Kuang Fu Rd. Hsinchu, 30013,
Taiwan
| | - Chien-Fu Liang
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Sec. 2, Kuang Fu Rd. Hsinchu, 30013,
Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ting Chien
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Sec. 2, Kuang Fu Rd. Hsinchu, 30013,
Taiwan
| | - Huan-Ting Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Sec. 2, Kuang Fu Rd. Hsinchu, 30013,
Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Che Chang
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Sec. 2, Kuang Fu Rd. Hsinchu, 30013,
Taiwan
| | - Fan-Dan Jan
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Sec. 2, Kuang Fu Rd. Hsinchu, 30013,
Taiwan
| | - Chun-Cheng Lin
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Sec. 2, Kuang Fu Rd. Hsinchu, 30013,
Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Ribeiro LF, Furtado GP, Lourenzoni MR, Costa-Filho AJ, Santos CR, Nogueira SCP, Betini JA, Polizeli MDLTM, Murakami MT, Ward RJ. Engineering bifunctional laccase-xylanase chimeras for improved catalytic performance. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:43026-38. [PMID: 22006920 PMCID: PMC3234842 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.253419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2011] [Revised: 09/29/2011] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Two bifunctional enzymes exhibiting combined xylanase and laccase activities were designed, constructed, and characterized by biochemical and biophysical methods. The Bacillus subtilis cotA and xynA genes were used as templates for gene fusion, and the xynA coding sequence was inserted into a surface loop of the cotA. A second chimera was built replacing the wild-type xynA gene by a thermostable variant (xynAG3) previously obtained by in vitro molecular evolution. Kinetic measurements demonstrated that the pH and temperature optima of the catalytic domains in the chimeras were altered by less than 0.5 pH units and 5 °C, respectively, when compared with the parental enzymes. In contrast, the catalytic efficiency (k(cat)/K(m)) of the laccase activity in both chimeras was 2-fold higher than for the parental laccase. Molecular dynamics simulations of the CotA-XynA chimera indicated that the two domains are in close contact, which was confirmed by the low resolution structure obtained by small angle x-ray scattering. The simulation also indicates that the formation of the inter-domain interface causes the dislocation of the loop comprising residues Leu-558 to Lys-573 in the laccase domain, resulting in a more accessible active site and exposing the type I Cu(2+) ion to the solvent. These structural changes are consistent with the results from UV-visible electronic and EPR spectroscopy experiments of the type I copper between the native and chimeric enzymes and are likely to contribute to the observed increase in catalytic turnover number.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucas F. Ribeiro
- From the Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto-SP, 14049-900
| | - Gilvan P. Furtado
- From the Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto-SP, 14049-900
| | - Marcos R. Lourenzoni
- the Verdartis Desenvolvimento Biotecnológico Ltda ME, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14090-900
- the Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto-SP, 14049-901
| | - Antonio J. Costa-Filho
- the Departamento de Física, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto-SP, 14049-901
- the Departamento de Física e Informática, Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, 13560-970
| | - Camila R. Santos
- the Centro Nacional de Pesquisas em Energia e Materiais, Campinas-SP, 13083-970, and
| | - Simone C. Peixoto Nogueira
- the Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto-SP, 14049-901 Brazil
| | - Jorge A. Betini
- the Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto-SP, 14049-901 Brazil
| | - Maria de Lourdes T. M. Polizeli
- the Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto-SP, 14049-901 Brazil
| | - Mario T. Murakami
- the Centro Nacional de Pesquisas em Energia e Materiais, Campinas-SP, 13083-970, and
| | - Richard J. Ward
- the Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto-SP, 14049-901
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan M Schmaltz
- The Department of Chemistry and Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Rich JR, Cunningham AM, Gilbert M, Withers SG. Glycosphingolipid synthesis employing a combination of recombinant glycosyltransferases and an endoglycoceramidase glycosynthase. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:10806-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cc13885e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
34
|
Wang CC, Kulkarni SS, Zulueta MML, Hung SC. Synthesis of Hemagglutinin-Binding Trisaccharides. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2011; 705:691-726. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-7877-6_37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
35
|
Umemura M, Makimura Y, Itoh M, Yamamoto T, Mine T, Mitani S, Simizu I, Ashida H, Yamamoto K. One-step synthesis of efficient binding-inhibitor for influenza virus through multiple addition of sialyloligosaccharides on chitosan. Carbohydr Polym 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2010.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
36
|
Abstract
Sialic acids are a subset of nonulosonic acids, which are nine-carbon alpha-keto aldonic acids. Natural existing sialic acid-containing structures are presented in different sialic acid forms, various sialyl linkages, and on diverse underlying glycans. They play important roles in biological, pathological, and immunological processes. Sialobiology has been a challenging and yet attractive research area. Recent advances in chemical and chemoenzymatic synthesis, as well as large-scale E. coli cell-based production, have provided a large library of sialoside standards and derivatives in amounts sufficient for structure-activity relationship studies. Sialoglycan microarrays provide an efficient platform for quick identification of preferred ligands for sialic acid-binding proteins. Future research on sialic acid will continue to be at the interface of chemistry and biology. Research efforts not only will lead to a better understanding of the biological and pathological importance of sialic acids and their diversity but also could lead to the development of therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Bernardes GJL, Castagner B, Seeberger PH. Combined approaches to the synthesis and study of glycoproteins. ACS Chem Biol 2009; 4:703-13. [PMID: 19271728 DOI: 10.1021/cb900014n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Carbohydrates are the basis for many therapeutic and diagnostic strategies, yet the full potential of glycans in medicine has not been realized. The study of the precise role of different carbohydrates, bound to either proteins or lipids, is hampered by difficulties in accessing pure, well-defined glycoconjugates. This Review highlights recent advances in glycobiology with a particular emphasis on oligosaccharide synthesis and conjugation techniques for the construction of homogeneous glycoconjugates. New methods for the study of protein-glycan interactions such as carbohydrate arrays and in vivo visualization of glycosylation pattern changes will also be addressed. The development of glycotherapeutics is just beginning, and much remains to be understood about the relationship between glycoconjugate structure and function. The emergence of novel tools will certainly facilitate and expand the use of carbohydrates in therapeutics and diagnostics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gonçalo J. L. Bernardes
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Research Campus Golm, 14424 Potsdam, Germany,
| | - Bastien Castagner
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zürich), Wolfgang-Pauli-Str. 10, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Peter H. Seeberger
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Research Campus Golm, 14424 Potsdam, Germany,
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Overproduction of geranylgeraniol by metabolically engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Appl Environ Microbiol 2009; 75:5536-43. [PMID: 19592534 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00277-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
(E, E, E)-Geranylgeraniol (GGOH) is a valuable starting material for perfumes and pharmaceutical products. In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, GGOH is synthesized from the end products of the mevalonate pathway through the sequential reactions of farnesyl diphosphate synthetase (encoded by the ERG20 gene), geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase (the BTS1 gene), and some endogenous phosphatases. We demonstrated that overexpression of the diacylglycerol diphosphate phosphatase (DPP1) gene could promote GGOH production. We also found that overexpression of a BTS1-DPP1 fusion gene was more efficient for producing GGOH than coexpression of these genes separately. Overexpression of the hydroxymethylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMG1) gene, which encodes the major rate-limiting enzyme of the mevalonate pathway, resulted in overproduction of squalene (191.9 mg liter(-1)) rather than GGOH (0.2 mg liter(-1)) in test tube cultures. Coexpression of the BTS1-DPP1 fusion gene along with the HMG1 gene partially redirected the metabolic flux from squalene to GGOH. Additional expression of a BTS1-ERG20 fusion gene resulted in an almost complete shift of the flux to GGOH production (228.8 mg liter(-1) GGOH and 6.5 mg liter(-1) squalene). Finally, we constructed a diploid prototrophic strain coexpressing the HMG1, BTS1-DPP1, and BTS1-ERG20 genes from multicopy integration vectors. This strain attained 3.31 g liter(-1) GGOH production in a 10-liter jar fermentor with gradual feeding of a mixed glucose and ethanol solution. The use of bifunctional fusion genes such as the BTS1-DPP1 and ERG20-BTS1 genes that code sequential enzymes in the metabolic pathway was an effective method for metabolic engineering.
Collapse
|
39
|
Kim YM, Ko EA, Kang HK, Kim D. Construction, expression and characterization of fusion enzyme from Arthrobacter oxydans dextranase and Klebsiella pneumoniae amylase. Biotechnol Lett 2009; 31:1019-24. [DOI: 10.1007/s10529-009-9967-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2009] [Revised: 02/25/2009] [Accepted: 02/26/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
40
|
Mizanur RM, Pohl NL. Bacterial CMP-sialic acid synthetases: production, properties, and applications. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2008; 80:757-65. [PMID: 18716769 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-008-1643-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2008] [Revised: 07/25/2008] [Accepted: 07/30/2008] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Sialic acids are abundant nine-carbon sugars expressed terminally on glycoconjugates of eukaryotic cells and are crucial for a variety of cell biological functions such as cell-cell adhesion, intracellular signaling, and in regulation of glycoproteins stability. In bacteria, N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) polymers are important virulence factors. Cytidine 5'-monophosphate (CMP)-N-acetylneuraminic acid synthetase (CSS; EC 2.7.7.43), the key enzyme that synthesizes CMP-N-acetylneuraminic acid, the donor molecule for numerous sialyltransferase reactions, is present in both prokaryotes and eukaryotic systems. Herein, we emphasize the source, function, and biotechnological applications of CSS enzymes from bacterial sources. To date, only a few CSS from pathogenic bacterial species such as Neisseria meningitidis, Escherichia coli, group B streptococci, Haemophilus ducreyi, and Pasteurella hemolytica and an enzyme from nonpathogenic bacterium, Clostridium thermocellum, have been described. Overall, the enzymes from both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria share common catalytic properties such as their dependency on divalent cation, temperature and pH profiles, and catalytic mechanisms. The enzymes, however, can be categorized as smaller and larger enzymes depending on their molecular weight. The larger enzymes in some cases are bifunctional; they have exhibited acetylhydrolase activity in addition to their sugar nucleotidyltransferase activity. The CSSs are important enzymes for the chemoenzymatic synthesis of various sialooligosaccharides of significance in biotechnology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rahman M Mizanur
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Liu Y, Ruan X, Li X, Li Y. Efficient Synthesis of a Sialic Acid α(2→3)Galactose Building Block and Its Application to the Synthesis of Ganglioside GM3. J Org Chem 2008; 73:4287-90. [DOI: 10.1021/jo800138p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yunpeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, The Ministration of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Xiaohong Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, The Ministration of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Xiangpeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, The Ministration of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Yingxia Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, The Ministration of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Mizanur RM, Pohl NL. Cloning and characterization of a heat-stable CMP-N-acylneuraminic acid synthetase from Clostridium thermocellum. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2007; 76:827-34. [PMID: 17602221 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-007-1053-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2007] [Revised: 05/15/2007] [Accepted: 05/23/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we report the cloning, recombinant expression, and biochemical characterization of a heat-stable CMP-N-acylneuraminic acid (NeuAc) synthetase from Clostridium thermocellum ATCC 27405. A high throughput electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS)-based assay demonstrates that the enzyme has an absolute requirement for a divalent cation for activity and reaches maximum activity in the presence of 10 mM Mn(2+). The enzyme is active at pH 8-13 in Tris-HCl buffer and at 37-60 degrees C, and maximum activity is observed at pH 9.5 and 50 degrees C in the presence of 0.2 mM dithiothreitol. In addition to NeuAc, the enzyme also accepts the analog N-glycolylneuraminic acid (NeuGc) as a substrate. The apparent Michaelis constants for cytidine triphosphate and NeuAc or NeuGc are 240 +/- 20, 130 +/- 10, and 160 +/- 10 microM, respectively, with corresponding turnover numbers of 3.33, 2.25, and 1.66 s(-1), respectively. An initial velocity study of the enzymatic reaction indicates an ordered bi-bi catalytic mechanism. In addition to demonstration of a thermostable and substrate-tolerant enzyme, confirmation of the biochemical function of a gene for CMP-NeuAc synthetase in C. thermocellum also opens the question of the biological function of CMP-NeuAc in such nonpathogenic microorganisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rahman M Mizanur
- Department of Chemistry and The Plant Sciences Institute, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Qian X, Sujino K, Palcic MM, Ratcliffe RM. GLYCOSYLTRANSFERASES IN OLIGOSACCHARIDE SYNTHESIS. J Carbohydr Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1081/car-120016492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
44
|
|
45
|
Lairson LL, Wakarchuk WW, Withers SG. Alternative donor substrates for inverting and retaining glycosyltransferases. Chem Commun (Camb) 2007:365-7. [PMID: 17220972 DOI: 10.1039/b614636h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
By the use of glycosyl donors containing aromatic leaving groups linked with opposite anomeric configurations compared to those of the natural donor substrates, an inverting (Cst II) and a retaining (LgtC) glycosyltransferase were found to catalyse glycosylation reactions of natural acceptor substrates in the presence of the corresponding nucleotide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luke L Lairson
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Hong SY, Lee JS, Cho KM, Math RK, Kim YH, Hong SJ, Cho YU, Kim H, Yun HD. Assembling a novel bifunctional cellulase–xylanase from Thermotoga maritima by end-to-end fusion. Biotechnol Lett 2006; 28:1857-62. [PMID: 16988785 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-006-9166-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2006] [Accepted: 07/21/2006] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
An artificial, bifunctional, thermostable cellulase-xylanase enzyme from Thermotoga maritima by gene fusion. The fusion protein exhibited both cellulase and xylanase activity when xynA was fused downstream of cel5C but no activities were shown when xynA was fused upstream of cel5C. The enzyme was optimally active at pH 5.0 and 80 degrees C over 30 min. E. coli expressed the fusion enzyme, with an apparent molecular mass of approximately 152 kDa by carboxymethyl cellulose- and xylan-SDS-PAGE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Su Young Hong
- Division of Applied Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Chinju, 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Vasiliu D, Razi N, Zhang Y, Jacobsen N, Allin K, Liu X, Hoffmann J, Bohorov O, Blixt O. Large-scale chemoenzymatic synthesis of blood group and tumor-associated poly-N-acetyllactosamine antigens. Carbohydr Res 2006; 341:1447-57. [PMID: 16650392 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2006.03.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2006] [Revised: 03/17/2006] [Accepted: 03/30/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Poly-N-acetyllactosamines (pLNs) are common terminal sugars of many N- and O-linked glycan structures present in glycoproteins and glycolipids. Utilizing various glycosyltransferases, we developed new and efficient chemoenzymatic methods for the synthesis of pLNs in gram-scale. Specifically, the use of sialyltransferases and fucosyltransferases enabled us to synthesize and purify 24 blood group and tumor-associated pLN derivatives with alpha-(2-->3)- and alpha-(2-->6)-linked sialic acid, as well as with alpha-(1-->2)- and alpha-(1-->3)-linked fucose. All synthesized derivatives were linked to a short 2-azidoethyl spacer for further modification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Vasiliu
- Glycan Array Synthesis Core D, Consortium for Functional Glycomics. The Scripps Research Institute, Department of Molecular Biology, CB 248A 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Abstract
The development of chemical and enzymatic methods for the synthesis of homogeneous glycoproteins is a fascinating challenge at the interface between chemistry and biology. Discussed here are the currently available methods for preparation of homogeneous glycoproteins. These methods include (1) glycopeptide ligation; (2) glycoprotein remodeling; and (3) in vivo suppressor tRNA technology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Jacques S, Rich JR, Ling CC, Bundle DR. Chemoenzymatic synthesis of GM3and GM2gangliosides containing a truncated ceramide functionalized for glycoconjugate synthesis and solid phase applications. Org Biomol Chem 2006; 4:142-54. [PMID: 16358009 DOI: 10.1039/b513595h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Analogues of GM3 and GM2 gangliosides were chemoenzymatically synthesized on a multifunctional ceramide-type tether designed to facilitate diverse strategies for glycoconjugate synthesis. The truncated ceramide aglycon maintains the stereogenic centres of natural ceramide while avoiding extensive hydrophobicity that can hamper synthesis and purification of the glycolipids. Tetanus toxoid and BSA glycoconjugates of these two gangliosides were prepared for immunization of mice, and for solid phase assays to screen for ganglioside-specific antibodies. Inhibition experiments showed that antibodies generated by tetanus toxoid conjugates of GM3 and GM2 exhibited specificity for the carbohydrate epitope and the stereogenic centres of the ceramide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Jacques
- Alberta Ingenuity Centre for Carbohydrate Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Yu H, Chokhawala H, Karpel R, Yu H, Wu B, Zhang J, Zhang Y, Jia Q, Chen X. A Multifunctional Pasteurella multocida Sialyltransferase: A Powerful Tool for the Synthesis of Sialoside Libraries. J Am Chem Soc 2005; 127:17618-9. [PMID: 16351087 DOI: 10.1021/ja0561690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 263] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A multifunctional sialyltransferase has been cloned from Pasteurella multocida strain P-1059 and expressed in E. coli as a truncated C-terminal His6-tagged recombinant protein (tPm0188Ph). Biochemical studies indicate that the obtained protein is (1) an alpha2,3-sialyltransferase (main function), (2) an alpha2,6-sialyltransferase, (3) an alpha2,3-sialidase, and (4) an alpha2,3-trans-sialidase. The recombinant tPm0188Ph is a powerful tool in the synthesis of structurally diverse sialoside libraries due to its relaxed substrate specificity, high solubility, high expression level, and multifunctionality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hai Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|