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Karaboué A, Innominato PF, Wreglesworth NI, Duchemann B, Adam R, Lévi FA. Why does circadian timing of administration matter for immune checkpoint inhibitors' efficacy? Br J Cancer 2024:10.1038/s41416-024-02704-9. [PMID: 38834742 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-024-02704-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tolerability and antitumour efficacy of chemotherapy and radiation therapy can vary largely according to their time of administration along the 24-h time scale, due to the moderation of their molecular and cellular mechanisms by circadian rhythms. Recent clinical data have highlighted a striking role of dosing time for cancer immunotherapy, thus calling for a critical evaluation. METHODS Here, we review the clinical data and we analyse the mechanisms through which circadian rhythms can influence outcomes on ICI therapies. We examine how circadian rhythm disorders can affect tumour immune microenvironment, as a main mechanism linking the circadian clock to the 24-h cycles in ICIs antitumour efficacy. RESULTS Real-life data from 18 retrospective studies have revealed that early time-of-day (ToD) infusion of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) could enhance progression-free and/or overall survival up to fourfold compared to late ToD dosing. The studies involved a total of 3250 patients with metastatic melanoma, lung, kidney, bladder, oesophageal, stomach or liver cancer from 9 countries. Such large and consistent differences in ToD effects on outcomes could only result from a previously ignored robust chronobiological mechanism. The circadian timing system coordinates cellular, tissue and whole-body physiology along the 24-h timescale. Circadian rhythms are generated at the cellular level by a molecular clock system that involves 15 specific clock genes. The disruption of circadian rhythms can trigger or accelerate carcinogenesis, and contribute to cancer treatment failure, possibly through tumour immune evasion resulting from immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment. CONCLUSIONS AND PERSPECTIVE Such emerging understanding of circadian rhythms regulation of antitumour immunity now calls for randomised clinical trials of ICIs timing to establish recommendations for personalised chrono-immunotherapies with current and forthcoming drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdoulaye Karaboué
- UPR "Chronotherapy, Cancer and Transplantation", Medical School, Paris-Saclay University, 94800, Villejuif, France
- Medical Oncology Unit, GHT Paris Grand Nord-Est, Le Raincy-Montfermeil, 93770, Montfermeil, France
| | - Pasquale F Innominato
- North Wales Cancer Centre, Ysbyty Gwynedd, Betsi Cadwaladr University Health Board, Bangor, LL57 2PW, UK
- Cancer Chronotherapy Team, Division of Biomedical Sciences, Medical School, Warwick University, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Nicholas I Wreglesworth
- North Wales Cancer Centre, Ysbyty Gwynedd, Betsi Cadwaladr University Health Board, Bangor, LL57 2PW, UK
- School of Medical Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, LL57 2PW, UK
| | - Boris Duchemann
- UPR "Chronotherapy, Cancer and Transplantation", Medical School, Paris-Saclay University, 94800, Villejuif, France
- Thoracic and Medical Oncology Unit, Avicenne Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 93000, Bobigny, France
| | - René Adam
- UPR "Chronotherapy, Cancer and Transplantation", Medical School, Paris-Saclay University, 94800, Villejuif, France
- Hepato-Biliary Center, Paul Brousse Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, 94800, Villejuif, France
| | - Francis A Lévi
- UPR "Chronotherapy, Cancer and Transplantation", Medical School, Paris-Saclay University, 94800, Villejuif, France.
- Gastro-intestinal and Medical Oncology Service, Paul Brousse Hospital, 94800, Villejuif, France.
- Department of Statistics, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK.
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2
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Fang G, Wang S, Chen Q, Luo H, Lian X, Shi D. Time-restricted feeding affects the fecal microbiome metabolome and its diurnal oscillations in lung cancer mice. Neoplasia 2023; 45:100943. [PMID: 37852131 PMCID: PMC10590998 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2023.100943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
The homeostasis of the gut microbiota and circadian rhythm is critical to host health, and both are inextricably intertwined with lung cancer. Although time-restricted feeding (TRF) can maintain circadian synchronization and improve metabolic disorders, the effects of TRF on the fecal microbiome, metabolome and their diurnal oscillations in lung cancer have not been discussed. We performed 16S rRNA sequencing and untargeted metabonomic sequencing of the feces prepared from models of tumor-bearing BALB/c nude mice and urethane-induced lung cancer. We demonstrated for the first time that TRF significantly delayed the growth of lung tumors. Moreover, TRF altered the abundances of the fecal microbiome, metabolome and circadian clocks, as well as their rhythmicity, in lung cancer models of tumor-bearing BALB/c nude mice and/or urethane-induced lung cancer C57BL/6J mice. The results of fecal microbiota transplantation proved that the antitumor effects of TRF occur by regulating the fecal microbiota. Notably, Lactobacillus and Bacillus were increased upon TRF and were correlated with most differential metabolites. Pathway enrichment analysis of metabolites revealed that TRF mainly affected immune and inflammatory processes, which might further explain how TRF exerted its anticancer benefits. These findings underscore the possibility that the fecal microbiome/metabolome regulates lung cancer following a TRF paradigm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaofeng Fang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China; Center for Lipid Research, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Shengquan Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China; Center for Lipid Research, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Qianyao Chen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China; Center for Lipid Research, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Han Luo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China; Center for Lipid Research, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Xuemei Lian
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China; Center for Lipid Research, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China.
| | - Dan Shi
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China; Center for Lipid Research, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China.
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3
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Mazur M, Rakus K, Adamek M, Surachetpong W, Chadzinska M, Pijanowski L. Effects of light and circadian clock on the antiviral immune response in zebrafish. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 140:108979. [PMID: 37532067 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
The circadian clock mechanism, which is evolutionarily conserved across various organisms, plays a crucial role in synchronizing physiological responses to external conditions, primarily in response to light availability. By maintaining homeostasis of biological processes and behavior, the circadian clock serves as a key regulator. This biological mechanism also coordinates diurnal oscillations of the immune response during infections. However there is limited information available regarding the influence of circadian oscillation on immune regulation, especially in lower vertebrates like teleost fish. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the effects of light and the timing of infection induction on the antiviral immune response in zebrafish. To explore the relationship between the timing of infection and the response activated by viral pathogens, we used a zebrafish model infected with tilapia lake virus (TiLV). Our findings demonstrated that light availability significantly affects the antiviral immune response and the functioning of the molecular clock mechanism during TiLV infection. This is evident through alterations in the expression of major core clock genes and the regulation of TiLV replication and type I IFN pathway genes in the kidney of fish maintained under LD (light-dark) conditions compared to constant darkness (DD) conditions. Moreover, infection induced during the light phase of the LD cycle, in contrast to nocturnal infection, also exhibited similar effects on the expression of genes associated with the antiviral response. This study indicates a more effective mechanism of the zebrafish antiviral response during light exposure, which inherently involves modification of the expression of key components of the molecular circadian clock. It suggests that the zebrafish antiviral response to infection is regulated by both light and the circadian clock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikolaj Mazur
- Department of Evolutionary Immunology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, PL30-387, Krakow, Poland; Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Łojasiewicza 11, PL30-348, Krakow, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Rakus
- Department of Evolutionary Immunology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, PL30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Mikolaj Adamek
- Fish Disease Research Unit, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Buenteweg 17, 30559, Hannover, Germany
| | - Win Surachetpong
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngam Wong Wan Road, Ladyao, Chatuchak, 10900, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Magdalena Chadzinska
- Department of Evolutionary Immunology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, PL30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Lukasz Pijanowski
- Department of Evolutionary Immunology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, PL30-387, Krakow, Poland.
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4
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Wu J, Jing X, Du Q, Sun X, Holgersson K, Gao J, He X, Hosaka K, Zhao C, Tao W, FitzGerald GA, Yang Y, Jensen LD, Cao Y. Disruption of the Clock Component Bmal1 in Mice Promotes Cancer Metastasis through the PAI-1-TGF-β-myoCAF-Dependent Mechanism. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2301505. [PMID: 37330661 PMCID: PMC10460897 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202301505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The circadian clock in animals and humans plays crucial roles in multiple physiological processes. Disruption of circadian homeostasis causes detrimental effects. Here, it is demonstrated that the disruption of the circadian rhythm by genetic deletion of mouse brain and muscle ARNT-like 1 (Bmal1) gene, coding for the key clock transcription factor, augments an exacerbated fibrotic phenotype in various tumors. Accretion of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), especially the alpha smooth muscle actin positive myoCAFs, accelerates tumor growth rates and metastatic potentials. Mechanistically, deletion of Bmal1 abrogates expression of its transcriptionally targeted plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1). Consequently, decreased levels of PAI-1 in the tumor microenvironment instigate plasmin activation through upregulation of tissue plasminogen activator and urokinase plasminogen activator. The activated plasmin converts latent TGF-β into its activated form, which potently induces tumor fibrosis and the transition of CAFs into myoCAFs, the latter promoting cancer metastasis. Pharmacological inhibition of the TGF-β signaling largely ablates the metastatic potentials of colorectal cancer, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Together, these data provide novel mechanistic insights into disruption of the circadian clock in tumor growth and metastasis. It is reasonably speculated that normalization of the circadian rhythm in patients provides a novel paradigm for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieyu Wu
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell BiologyKarolinska InstituteStockholm171 65Sweden
| | - Xu Jing
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell BiologyKarolinska InstituteStockholm171 65Sweden
| | - Qiqiao Du
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell BiologyKarolinska InstituteStockholm171 65Sweden
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyThe First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityZhongshan Second Road 58Guangzhou510080P. R. China
| | - Xiaoting Sun
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vison and Brain Health)School of Pharmaceutical ScienceWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou325035P. R. China
| | | | - Juan Gao
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell BiologyKarolinska InstituteStockholm171 65Sweden
- Department of Infectious DiseasesThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510000P. R. China
| | - Xingkang He
- Department of GastroenterologySir Run Run Shaw HospitalZhejiang University Medical SchoolHangzhou310016P. R. China
| | - Kayoko Hosaka
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell BiologyKarolinska InstituteStockholm171 65Sweden
| | - Chen Zhao
- Eye InstituteEye and ENT HospitalShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghai200433P. R. China
| | - Wei Tao
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of AnesthesiologyBrigham and Women's HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02115USA
| | - Garret A. FitzGerald
- Institute for Translational Medicine and TherapeuticsUniversity of Pennsylvania Perelman School of MedicinePhiladelphiaPA19104‐5158USA
| | - Yunlong Yang
- Department of Cellular and Genetic MedicineSchool of Basic Medical SciencesFudan UniversityShanghai200032P. R. China
| | - Lasse D. Jensen
- Division of Cardiovascular MedicineDepartment of Medical and Health SciencesLinkoping UniversityLinkoping581 83Sweden
| | - Yihai Cao
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell BiologyKarolinska InstituteStockholm171 65Sweden
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5
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Lee K, Lee C. Generation of CRISPR-Cas9-mediated knockin mutant models in mice and MEFs for studies of polymorphism in clock genes. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8109. [PMID: 37208532 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35203-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The creation of mutant mice has been invaluable for advancing biomedical science, but is too time- and resource-intensive for investigating the full range of mutations and polymorphisms. Cell culture models are therefore an invaluable complement to mouse models, especially for cell-autonomous pathways like the circadian clock. In this study, we quantitatively assessed the use of CRISPR to create cell models in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) as compared to mouse models. We generated two point mutations in the clock genes Per1 and Per2 in mice and in MEFs using the same sgRNAs and repair templates for HDR and quantified the frequency of the mutations by digital PCR. The frequency was about an order of magnitude higher in mouse zygotes compared to that in MEFs. However, the mutation frequency in MEFs was still high enough for clonal isolation by simple screening of a few dozen individual cells. The Per mutant cells that we generated provide important new insights into the role of the PAS domain in regulating PER phosphorylation, a key aspect of the circadian clock mechanism. Quantification of the mutation frequency in bulk MEF populations provides a valuable basis for optimizing CRISPR protocols and time/resource planning for generating cell models for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwangjun Lee
- Program in Neuroscience, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Florida State University, 1115 West Call Street, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
| | - Choogon Lee
- Program in Neuroscience, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Florida State University, 1115 West Call Street, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA.
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6
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Niepokny TD, Mintz EM. A Cannabinoid Receptor 1 Agonist Reduces Light-induced Phase Delays in Male But Not Female Mice. J Biol Rhythms 2023:7487304231166785. [PMID: 37190758 PMCID: PMC10330025 DOI: 10.1177/07487304231166785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Animals adapt to a changing environment by synchronizing their circadian rhythms to different stimuli, the strongest and most reliable being the daily light-dark cycle. Photic information reaches the central circadian pacemaker, the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), which drives rhythms in physiology and behavior throughout the brain and body. The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is a neuromodulatory system that is present within the SCN, including the primary receptor, cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1). Exogenous cannabinoids that target CB1 inhibit the phase-shifting effects of light in hamsters, mice, and rats. Furthermore, there is evidence in cultured microglial cells that cannabidiol (CBD), a constituent of Cannabis sativa, alters core circadian clock genes, while the CB1 agonist delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) does not. The CB1 agonist studies were conducted using male animals only, but cannabinoids exhibit sex-dependent effects in various aspects of physiology and behavior. In addition, the effects of CBD on circadian behavioral rhythms have yet to be investigated. Therefore, we decided to test the effects of acute injections of CBD or the CB1 agonist CP 55,940 on light-induced phase delays in male and female C57BL/6J mice. Animals received a single injection at circadian time (CT) 15.5, followed by a 10-min light or dark (sham) pulse at CT 16. Running-wheel activity was monitored to determine activity levels and the behavioral phase shifts from different treatments. We observed a sex difference in the magnitude of phase delay size in response to CP 55,940 administration. Males had attenuated phase delays with increasing doses of CP 55,940, while females did not differ from control. Various doses of CBD had no effect on the phase-delaying effects of light in either sex. Our results show a sex difference in the gating of photic phase shifts by CB1 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy D Niepokny
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Biomedical Sciences, and Brain Health Research Institute, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio
| | - Eric M Mintz
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Biomedical Sciences, and Brain Health Research Institute, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio
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Cao M, Xu T, Yin D. Understanding light pollution: Recent advances on its health threats and regulations. J Environ Sci (China) 2023; 127:589-602. [PMID: 36522088 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2022.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of artificial lights not only improves the lighting conditions for modern society, but also poses kinds of health threats to human health. Although there are regulations and standards concerning light pollution, few of them are based on the potential contribution of improper lighting to diseases. Therefore, a better understanding of the health threats induced by light pollution may promote risk assessment and better regulation of artificial lights, thereby a healthy lighting environment. This review is based on a careful collection of the latest papers from 2018 to 2022 about the health threats of light pollution, both epidemiologically and experimentally. In addition to summing up the novel associations of light pollution with obesity, mental disorders, cancer, etc., we highlight the toxicological mechanism of light pollution via circadian disruption, since light pollution directly interferes with the natural light-dark cycles, and damages the circadian photoentrainment of organisms. And by reviewing the alternations of clock genes and disturbance of melatonin homeostasis induced by artificial lights, we aim to excavate the profound impacts of light pollution based on accumulating studies, thus providing perspectives for future research and guiding relevant regulations and standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Cao
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Ting Xu
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Daqiang Yin
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China.
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Schurhoff N, Toborek M. Circadian rhythms in the blood-brain barrier: impact on neurological disorders and stress responses. Mol Brain 2023; 16:5. [PMID: 36635730 PMCID: PMC9835375 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-023-00997-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Circadian disruption has become more prevalent in society due to the increase in shift work, sleep disruption, blue light exposure, and travel via different time zones. The circadian rhythm is a timed transcription-translation feedback loop with positive regulators, BMAL1 and CLOCK, that interact with negative regulators, CRY and PER, to regulate both the central and peripheral clocks. This review highlights the functions of the circadian rhythm, specifically in the blood-brain barrier (BBB), during both healthy and pathological states. The BBB is a highly selective dynamic interface composed of CNS endothelial cells, astrocytes, pericytes, neurons, and microglia that form the neurovascular unit (NVU). Circadian rhythms modulate BBB integrity through regulating oscillations of tight junction proteins, assisting in functions of the NVU, and modulating transporter functions. Circadian disruptions within the BBB have been observed in stress responses and several neurological disorders, including brain metastasis, epilepsy, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease. Further understanding of these interactions may facilitate the development of improved treatment options and preventative measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolette Schurhoff
- grid.26790.3a0000 0004 1936 8606Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Suite 528, 1011 NW 15th Street, Miami, FL 33155 USA
| | - Michal Toborek
- grid.26790.3a0000 0004 1936 8606Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Suite 528, 1011 NW 15th Street, Miami, FL 33155 USA ,grid.445174.7Institute of Physiotherapy and Health Sciences, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, 40-065 Katowice, Poland
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Koju N, Qin ZH, Sheng R. Reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate in redox balance and diseases: a friend or foe? Acta Pharmacol Sin 2022; 43:1889-1904. [PMID: 35017669 PMCID: PMC9343382 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-021-00838-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+/NADH) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP+/NADPH) redox couples function as cofactors or/and substrates for numerous enzymes to retain cellular redox balance and energy metabolism. Thus, maintaining cellular NADH and NADPH balance is critical for sustaining cellular homeostasis. The sources of NADPH generation might determine its biological effects. Newly-recognized biosynthetic enzymes and genetically encoded biosensors help us better understand how cells maintain biosynthesis and distribution of compartmentalized NAD(H) and NADP(H) pools. It is essential but challenging to distinguish how cells sustain redox couple pools to perform their integral functions and escape redox stress. However, it is still obscure whether NADPH is detrimental or beneficial as either deficiency or excess in cellular NADPH levels disturbs cellular redox state and metabolic homeostasis leading to redox stress, energy stress, and eventually, to the disease state. Additional study of the pathways and regulatory mechanisms of NADPH generation in different compartments, and the means by which NADPH plays a role in various diseases, will provide innovative insights into its roles in human health and may find a value of NADPH for the treatment of certain diseases including aging, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, cardiovascular diseases, ischemic stroke, diabetes, obesity, cancer, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirmala Koju
- grid.263761.70000 0001 0198 0694Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases, Jiangsu Key laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123 China
| | - Zheng-hong Qin
- grid.263761.70000 0001 0198 0694Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases, Jiangsu Key laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123 China
| | - Rui Sheng
- Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases, Jiangsu Key laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
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Minami Y, Yuan Y, Ueda HR. High-throughput Genetically Modified Animal Experiments Achieved by Next-generation Mammalian Genetics. J Biol Rhythms 2022; 37:135-151. [PMID: 35137623 DOI: 10.1177/07487304221075002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Animal models are essential tools for modern scientists to conduct biological experiments and investigate their hypotheses in vivo. However, for the past decade, raising the throughput of such animal experiments has been a great challenge. Conventionally, in vivo high-throughput assay was achieved through large-scale mutagen-driven forward genetic screening, which took years to find causal genes. In contrast, reverse genetics accelerated the causal gene identification process, but its throughput was also limited by 2 barriers, that is, the genome modification step and the time-consuming crossing step. Defined as genetics without crossing, next-generation genetics is able to produce gene-modified animals that can be analyzed at the founder generation (F0). This method is or can be accomplished through recent technological advances in gene editing and virus-based efficient gene modifications. Notably, next-generation genetics has accelerated the process of cross-species studies, and it will be a useful technique during animal experiments as it can provide genetic perturbation at an individual level without crossing. In this review, we begin by introducing the history of animal-based high-throughput analysis, with a specific focus on chronobiology. We then describe ways that gene modification efficiency during animal experiments was enhanced and why crossing remained a barrier to reaching higher efficiency. Moreover, we mention the Triple CRISPR as a critical technique for achieving next-generation genetics. Finally, we discuss the potential applications and limitations of next-generation mammalian genetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoichi Minami
- Department of Systems Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yufei Yuan
- Department of Systems Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroki R Ueda
- Department of Systems Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Laboratory for Synthetic Biology, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Suita, Japan
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11
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NF-κB modifies the mammalian circadian clock through interaction with the core clock protein BMAL1. PLoS Genet 2021; 17:e1009933. [PMID: 34807912 PMCID: PMC8648109 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In mammals, the circadian clock coordinates cell physiological processes including inflammation. Recent studies suggested a crosstalk between these two pathways. However, the mechanism of how inflammation affects the clock is not well understood. Here, we investigated the role of the proinflammatory transcription factor NF-κB in regulating clock function. Using a combination of genetic and pharmacological approaches, we show that perturbation of the canonical NF-κB subunit RELA in the human U2OS cellular model altered core clock gene expression. While RELA activation shortened period length and dampened amplitude, its inhibition lengthened period length and caused amplitude phenotypes. NF-κB perturbation also altered circadian rhythms in the master suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) clock and locomotor activity behavior under different light/dark conditions. We show that RELA, like the clock repressor CRY1, repressed the transcriptional activity of BMAL1/CLOCK at the circadian E-box cis-element. Biochemical and biophysical analysis showed that RELA binds to the transactivation domain of BMAL1. These data support a model in which NF-kB competes with CRY1 and coactivator CBP/p300 for BMAL1 binding to affect circadian transcription. This is further supported by chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis showing that binding of RELA, BMAL1 and CLOCK converges on the E-boxes of clock genes. Taken together, these data support a significant role for NF-κB in directly regulating the circadian clock and highlight mutual regulation between the circadian and inflammatory pathways.
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12
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Healy KL, Morris AR, Liu AC. Circadian Synchrony: Sleep, Nutrition, and Physical Activity. FRONTIERS IN NETWORK PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 1:732243. [PMID: 35156088 PMCID: PMC8830366 DOI: 10.3389/fnetp.2021.732243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
The circadian clock in mammals regulates the sleep/wake cycle and many associated behavioral and physiological processes. The cellular clock mechanism involves a transcriptional negative feedback loop that gives rise to circadian rhythms in gene expression with an approximately 24-h periodicity. To maintain system robustness, clocks throughout the body must be synchronized and their functions coordinated. In mammals, the master clock is located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus. The SCN is entrained to the light/dark cycle through photic signal transduction and subsequent induction of core clock gene expression. The SCN in turn relays the time-of-day information to clocks in peripheral tissues. While the SCN is highly responsive to photic cues, peripheral clocks are more sensitive to non-photic resetting cues such as nutrients, body temperature, and neuroendocrine hormones. For example, feeding/fasting and physical activity can entrain peripheral clocks through signaling pathways and subsequent regulation of core clock genes and proteins. As such, timing of food intake and physical activity matters. In an ideal world, the sleep/wake and feeding/fasting cycles are synchronized to the light/dark cycle. However, asynchronous environmental cues, such as those experienced by shift workers and frequent travelers, often lead to misalignment between the master and peripheral clocks. Emerging evidence suggests that the resulting circadian disruption is associated with various diseases and chronic conditions that cause further circadian desynchrony and accelerate disease progression. In this review, we discuss how sleep, nutrition, and physical activity synchronize circadian clocks and how chronomedicine may offer novel strategies for disease intervention.
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13
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Ribeiro RFN, Cavadas C, Silva MMC. Small-molecule modulators of the circadian clock: Pharmacological potentials in circadian-related diseases. Drug Discov Today 2021; 26:1620-1641. [PMID: 33781946 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2021.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Disruption of circadian oscillations has a wide-ranging impact on health, with the potential to induce the development of clock-related diseases. Small-molecule modulators of the circadian clock (SMMCC) target core or noncore clock proteins, modulating physiological effects as a consequence of agonist, inverse agonist, or antagonist interference. These pharmacological modulators are usually identified using chemical screening of large libraries of active compounds. However, target-based screens, chemical optimization, and circadian crystallography have recently assisted in the identification of these compounds. In this review, we focus on established and novel SMMCCs targeting both core and noncore clock proteins, identifying their circadian targets, detailed circadian effects, and specific physiological effects. In addition, we discuss their therapeutic potential for the treatment of diverse clock-related disorders (such as metabolic-associated disorders, autoimmune diseases, mood disorders, and cancer) and as chronotherapeutics. Future perspectives are also considered, such as clinical trials, and potential safety hazards, including those in the absence of clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo F N Ribeiro
- Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Centre for Innovation in Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Cavadas
- Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Centre for Innovation in Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Maria Manuel C Silva
- Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Centre for Innovation in Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
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14
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Pathway-level analysis of genome-wide circadian dynamics in diverse tissues in rat and mouse. J Pharmacokinet Pharmacodyn 2021; 48:361-374. [PMID: 33768484 DOI: 10.1007/s10928-021-09750-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
A computational framework is developed to enable the characterization of genome-wide, multi-tissue circadian dynamics at the level of "functional groupings of genes" defined in the context of signaling, cellular/genetic processing and metabolic pathways in rat and mouse. Our aim is to identify how individual genes come together to generate orchestrated rhythmic patterns and how these may vary within and across tissues. We focus our analysis on four tissues (adipose, liver, lung, and muscle). A genome-wide pathway-centric analysis enables us to develop a comprehensive picture on how the observed circadian variation at the individual gene level, orchestrates functional responses at the pathway level. Such pathway-based "meta-data" analysis enables the rational integration and comparison across platforms and/or experimental designs evaluating emergent dynamics, as opposed to comparisons of individual elements. One of our key findings is that when considering the dynamics at the pathway level, a complex behavior emerges. Our work proposes that tissues tend to coordinate gene's circadian expression in a way that optimizes tissue-specific pathway activity, depending of each tissue's broader role in homeostasis.
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15
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Ruan W, Yuan X, Eltzschig HK. Circadian rhythm as a therapeutic target. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2021; 20:287-307. [PMID: 33589815 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-020-00109-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The circadian clock evolved in diverse organisms to integrate external environmental changes and internal physiology. The clock endows the host with temporal precision and robust adaptation to the surrounding environment. When circadian rhythms are perturbed or misaligned, as a result of jet lag, shiftwork or other lifestyle factors, adverse health consequences arise, and the risks of diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases or metabolic disorders increase. Although the negative impact of circadian rhythm disruption is now well established, it remains underappreciated how to take advantage of biological timing, or correct it, for health benefits. In this Review, we provide an updated account of the circadian system and highlight several key disease areas with altered circadian signalling. We discuss environmental and lifestyle modifications of circadian rhythm and clock-based therapeutic strategies, including chronotherapy, in which dosing time is deliberately optimized for maximum therapeutic index, and pharmacological agents that target core clock components and proximal regulators. Promising progress in research, disease models and clinical applications should encourage a concerted effort towards a new era of circadian medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ruan
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoyi Yuan
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Holger K Eltzschig
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
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16
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Nguyen DH, Hara S. Entrainment Analysis in Goodwin-Type Nonlinear Oscillator Networks Driven by External Periodic Signals. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021. [DOI: 10.9746/jcmsi.7.337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dinh-Hoa Nguyen
- Department of Automatic Control, School of Electrical Engineering, Hanoi University of Science and Technology
| | - Shinji Hara
- Department of Information Physics and Computing, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo
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17
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Huang S, Jiao X, Lu D, Pei X, Qi D, Li Z. Recent advances in modulators of circadian rhythms: an update and perspective. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2020; 35:1267-1286. [PMID: 32506972 PMCID: PMC7717701 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2020.1772249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythm is a universal life phenomenon that plays an important role in maintaining the multiple physiological functions and regulating the adaptability to internal and external environments of flora and fauna. Circadian alignment in humans has the greatest effect on human health, and circadian misalignment is closely associated with increased risk for metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular diseases, neurological diseases, immune diseases, cancer, sleep disorders, and ophthalmic diseases. The recent description of clock proteins and related post-modification targets was involved in several diseases, and numerous lines of evidence are emerging that small molecule modulators of circadian rhythms can be used to rectify circadian disorder. Herein, we attempt to update the disclosures about the modulators targeting core clock proteins and related post-modification targets, as well as the relationship between circadian rhythm disorders and human health as well as the therapeutic role and prospect of these small molecule modulators in circadian rhythm related disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenzhen Huang
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital and Henan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People’s Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xinwei Jiao
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital and Henan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People’s Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Dingli Lu
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital and Henan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People’s Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaoting Pei
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital and Henan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People’s Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Di Qi
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital and Henan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People’s Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhijie Li
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital and Henan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People’s Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
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18
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Wake-sleep cycles are severely disrupted by diseases affecting cytoplasmic homeostasis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:28402-28411. [PMID: 33106420 PMCID: PMC7668169 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2003524117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythms including wake-sleep cycles are driven by molecular time cues generated by a self-sustaining transcriptional negative feedback loop. Among all clock proteins, PERIOD (PER) is considered the pacemaker protein because its rhythm of accumulation and nuclear entry generates the timing and duration of feedback inhibition. Here we provide a new understanding of how robust PER rhythms are generated: the collective action of interacting PER molecules, not a random mass action of individual molecules, allows compensation of spatial and temporal differences (or “noise”) of individual molecules. We also show that the collective PER rhythm requires healthy cytoplasmic trafficking, and that circadian sleep disorders can arise in such conditions as obesity, aging, and neurodegenerative disorders in which the cytoplasm becomes congested. The circadian clock is based on a transcriptional feedback loop with an essential time delay before feedback inhibition. Previous work has shown that PERIOD (PER) proteins generate circadian time cues through rhythmic nuclear accumulation of the inhibitor complex and subsequent interaction with the activator complex in the feedback loop. Although this temporal manifestation of the feedback inhibition is the direct consequence of PER’s cytoplasmic trafficking before nuclear entry, how this spatial regulation of the pacemaker affects circadian timing has been largely unexplored. Here we show that circadian rhythms, including wake-sleep cycles, are lengthened and severely unstable if the cytoplasmic trafficking of PER is disrupted by any disease condition that leads to increased congestion in the cytoplasm. Furthermore, we found that the time delay and robustness in the circadian clock are seamlessly generated by delayed and collective phosphorylation of PER molecules, followed by synchronous nuclear entry. These results provide clear mechanistic insight into why circadian and sleep disorders arise in such clinical conditions as metabolic and neurodegenerative diseases and aging, in which the cytoplasm is congested.
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19
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Mirizio GG, Nunes RSM, Vargas DA, Foster C, Vieira E. Time-of-Day Effects on Short-Duration Maximal Exercise Performance. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9485. [PMID: 32528038 PMCID: PMC7289891 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66342-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Time-of-day dependent fluctuations in exercise performance have been documented across different sports and seem to affect both endurance and resistance modes of exercise. Most of the studies published to date have shown that the performance in short-duration maximal exercises (i.e. less than 1 min - e.g. sprints, jumps, isometric contractions) exhibits diurnal fluctuations, peaking between 16:00 and 20:00 h. However, the time-of-day effects on short duration exercise performance may be minimized by the following factors: (1) short exposures to moderately warm and humid environments; (2) active warm-up protocols; (3) intermittent fasting conditions; (4) warming-up while listening to music; or (5) prolonged periods of training at a specific time of day. This suggests that short-duration maximal exercise performance throughout the day is controlled not only by body temperature, hormone levels, motivation and mood state but also by a versatile circadian system within skeletal muscle. The time of day at which short-duration maximal exercise is conducted represents an important variable for training prescription. However, the literature available to date lacks a specific review on this subject. Therefore, the present review aims to (1) elucidate time-of-day specific effects on short-duration maximal exercise performance and (2) discuss strategies to promote better performance in short-duration maximal exercises at different times of the day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerardo Gabriel Mirizio
- Muscle Cell Physiology Laboratory, Center of Molecular Studies of the Cell, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Douglas Araujo Vargas
- Graduate Program on Physical Education, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Carl Foster
- University of Wisconsin - La Crosse, Department of Exercise and Sport Science, La Crosse, USA
| | - Elaine Vieira
- Postgraduate Program on Physical Education, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil.
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20
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Sueviriyapan N, Tso CF, Herzog ED, Henson MA. Astrocytic Modulation of Neuronal Activity in the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus: Insights from Mathematical Modeling. J Biol Rhythms 2020; 35:287-301. [PMID: 32285754 PMCID: PMC7401727 DOI: 10.1177/0748730420913672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus consists of a highly heterogeneous neuronal population networked together to allow precise and robust circadian timekeeping in mammals. While the critical importance of SCN neurons in regulating circadian rhythms has been extensively studied, the roles of SCN astrocytes in circadian system function are not well understood. Recent experiments have demonstrated that SCN astrocytes are circadian oscillators with the same functional clock genes as SCN neurons. Astrocytes generate rhythmic outputs that are thought to modulate neuronal activity through pre- and postsynaptic interactions. In this study, we developed an in silico multicellular model of the SCN clock to investigate the impact of astrocytes in modulating neuronal activity and affecting key clock properties such as circadian rhythmicity, period, and synchronization. The model predicted that astrocytes could alter the rhythmic activity of neurons via bidirectional interactions at tripartite synapses. Specifically, astrocyte-regulated extracellular glutamate was predicted to increase neuropeptide signaling from neurons. Consistent with experimental results, we found that astrocytes could increase the circadian period and enhance neural synchronization according to their endogenous circadian period. The impact of astrocytic modulation of circadian rhythm amplitude, period, and synchronization was predicted to be strongest when astrocytes had periods between 0 and 2 h longer than neurons. Increasing the number of neurons coupled to the astrocyte also increased its impact on period modulation and synchrony. These computational results suggest that signals that modulate astrocytic rhythms or signaling (e.g., as a function of season, age, or treatment) could cause disruptions in circadian rhythm or serve as putative therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natthapong Sueviriyapan
- Department of Chemical Engineering and the Institute for Applied Life Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Chak Foon Tso
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO 63130, USA
- Current Affiliation: Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Erik D. Herzog
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Michael A. Henson
- Department of Chemical Engineering and the Institute for Applied Life Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
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21
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Soares AC, Fonseca DA. Cardiovascular diseases: a therapeutic perspective around the clock. Drug Discov Today 2020; 25:1086-1098. [PMID: 32320853 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2020.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Biological rhythms are a ubiquitous feature of life. Most bodily functions, including physiological, biochemical, and behavioral processes, are coupled by the circadian rhythm. In the cardiovascular system, circadian fluctuations regulate several functions, namely heart rate, blood pressure, cardiac contractility, and metabolism. In fact, current lifestyles impose external timing constraints that clash with our internal circadian physiology, often increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Still, the mechanisms of dysregulation are not fully understood because this is a growing area of research. In this review, we explore the modulatory role of the circadian rhythms on cardiovascular function and disease as well as the role of chronotherapy in the context of CVD and how such an approach could improve existing therapies and assist in the development of new ones.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Diogo A Fonseca
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Care, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Portugal; Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal; CIBB Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Portugal.
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22
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Morris AR, Stanton DL, Roman D, Liu AC. Systems Level Understanding of Circadian Integration with Cell Physiology. J Mol Biol 2020; 432:3547-3564. [PMID: 32061938 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2020.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The mammalian circadian clock regulates a wide variety of physiological and behavioral processes. In turn, its disruption is associated with sleep deficiency, metabolic syndrome, neurological and psychiatric disorders, and cancer. At the turn of the century, the circadian clock was determined to be regulated by a transcriptional negative feedback mechanism composed of a dozen core clock genes. More recently, large-scale genomic studies have expanded the clock into a complex network composed of thousands of gene outputs and inputs. A major task of circadian research is to utilize systems biological approaches to uncover the governing principles underlying cellular oscillatory behavior and advance understanding of biological functions at the genomic level with spatiotemporal resolution. This review focuses on the genes and pathways that provide inputs to the circadian clock. Several emerging examples include AMP-activated protein kinase AMPK, nutrient/energy sensor mTOR, NAD+-dependent deacetylase SIRT1, hypoxia-inducible factor HIF1α, oxidative stress-inducible factor NRF2, and the proinflammatory factor NF-κB. Among others that continue to be revealed, these input pathways reflect the extensive interplay between the clock and cell physiology through the regulation of core clock genes and proteins. While the scope of this crosstalk is well-recognized, precise molecular links are scarce, and the underlying regulatory mechanisms are not well understood. Future research must leverage genetic and genomic tools and technologies, network analysis, and computational modeling to characterize additional modifiers and input pathways. This systems-based framework promises to advance understanding of the circadian timekeeping system and may enable the enhancement of circadian functions through related input pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R Morris
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
| | - Daniel L Stanton
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
| | - Destino Roman
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
| | - Andrew C Liu
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States of America.
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23
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Sato T, Oishi K, Ida T, Kojima M. Suppressive effect of ghrelin on nicotine-induced clock gene expression in the mouse pancreas. Endocr J 2020; 67:73-80. [PMID: 31611477 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej19-0169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Those who smoke nicotine-based cigarettes have elevated plasma levels of ghrelin, a hormone secreted from the stomach. Ghrelin has various physiological functions and has recently been shown to be involved in regulating biological rhythms. Therefore, in this study, in order to clarify the significance of the plasma ghrelin increase in smokers, we sought to clarify how nicotine and ghrelin affect the expression dynamics of clock genes using a mouse model. A single dose of nicotine administered intraperitoneally increased plasma ghrelin concentrations transiently, whereas continuous administration of nicotine with an osmotic minipump did not induce any change in the plasma ghrelin concentration. Single administration of nicotine resulted in a transient increase in ghrelin gene expression in the pancreas but not in the stomach, which is the major producer of ghrelin. In addition, in the pancreas, the expression of clock genes was also increased temporarily. Therefore, in order to clarify the interaction between nicotine-induced ghrelin gene expression and clock gene expression in the pancreas, nicotine was administered to ghrelin gene-deficient mice. Administration of nicotine to ghrelin-gene deficient mice increased clock gene expression in the pancreas. However, upon nicotine administration to mice pretreated with octanoate to upregulate ghrelin activity, expression levels of nicotine-inducible clock genes in the pancreas were virtually the same as those in mice not administered nicotine. Thus, our findings indicate that pancreatic ghrelin may suppress nicotine-induced clock gene expression in the pancreas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Sato
- Molecular Genetics, Institute of Life Science, Kurume University, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan
| | - Kanae Oishi
- Molecular Genetics, Institute of Life Science, Kurume University, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan
| | - Takanori Ida
- Division for Searching and Identification of Bioactive Peptides, Department of Bioactive Peptides, Frontier Science Research Center, University of Miyazaki, Kiyotake, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan
| | - Masayasu Kojima
- Molecular Genetics, Institute of Life Science, Kurume University, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan
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24
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Adler P, Chiang CK, Mayne J, Ning Z, Zhang X, Xu B, Cheng HYM, Figeys D. Aging Disrupts the Circadian Patterns of Protein Expression in the Murine Hippocampus. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 11:368. [PMID: 32009941 PMCID: PMC6974521 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2019.00368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is associated with cognitive decline and dysregulation of the circadian system, which modulates hippocampal-dependent memory as well as biological processes underlying hippocampal function. While circadian dysfunction and memory impairment are common features of aging and several neurodegenerative brain disorders, how aging impacts the circadian expression patterns of proteins involved in processes that underlie hippocampal-dependent memory is not well understood. In this study, we profiled the hippocampal proteomes of young and middle-aged mice across two circadian cycles using quantitative mass spectrometry in order to explore aging-associated changes in the temporal orchestration of biological pathways. Of the ∼1,420 proteins that were accurately quantified, 15% (214 proteins) displayed circadian rhythms in abundance in the hippocampus of young mice, while only 1.6% (23 proteins) were rhythmic in middle-aged mice. Remarkably, aging disrupted the circadian regulation of proteins involved in cellular functions critical for hippocampal function and memory, including dozens of proteins participating in pathways of energy metabolism, neurotransmission, and synaptic plasticity. These included processes such as glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, synaptic vesicle cycling, long-term potentiation, and cytoskeletal organization. Moreover, aging altered the daily expression rhythms of proteins implicated in hallmarks of aging and the pathogenesis of several age-related neurodegenerative brain disorders affecting the hippocampus. Notably, we identified age-related alterations in the rhythmicity of proteins involved in mitochondrial dysfunction and loss of proteostasis, as well as proteins involved in the pathogenesis of disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease. These insights into aging-induced changes in the hippocampal proteome provide a framework for understanding how the age-dependent circadian decline may contribute to cognitive impairment and the development of neurodegenerative diseases during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Adler
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica-University of Ottawa Joint Research Centre on Systems and Personalized Pharmacology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Cheng-Kang Chiang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica-University of Ottawa Joint Research Centre on Systems and Personalized Pharmacology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Janice Mayne
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica-University of Ottawa Joint Research Centre on Systems and Personalized Pharmacology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Zhibin Ning
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica-University of Ottawa Joint Research Centre on Systems and Personalized Pharmacology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Xu Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica-University of Ottawa Joint Research Centre on Systems and Personalized Pharmacology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Bo Xu
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica-University of Ottawa Joint Research Centre on Systems and Personalized Pharmacology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Hai-Ying Mary Cheng
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, Canada.,Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Daniel Figeys
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica-University of Ottawa Joint Research Centre on Systems and Personalized Pharmacology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
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25
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Dawn to Dusk: Diurnal Rhythm of the Immune Response in Rainbow Trout ( Oncorhynchus Mykiss). BIOLOGY 2019; 9:biology9010008. [PMID: 31905814 PMCID: PMC7168250 DOI: 10.3390/biology9010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The daily change of light and dark periods influences different physiological processes including feeding, resting and locomotor activity. Previously, several studies on mammalian models revealed a strong link between day-night rhythms and key immunological parameters. Since teleost fishes possess innate and adaptive immune responses like those observed in higher vertebrates, we aimed to elucidate how changes in light-dark cycles shape the immune system of fish. Using the rainbow trout laboratory model, we investigated the link between diurnal rhythms and immune competence of fish. Initially, the cell composition and phagocytic activity of leukocytes was analyzed in the circulation as well as in the head kidney, the functional ortholog of mammalian bone marrow. Once the baseline was established, we evaluated the ability of fish to respond to a bacterial stimulus, as well as the changes in antimicrobial activity of the serum. Our results suggest increased immune competence during the day, manifested by the higher presence of myeloid cells in the circulation; increased overall phagocytic activity; and higher capacity of the sera to inhibit the growth of Aeromonas salmonicida. Notably, our flow cytometric analysis identified the myeloid cells as the major population influenced by the time of day, whereas IgM+ B cells and thrombocytes did not vary in a significant manner. Interestingly, the presence of myeloid cells in blood and head kidney followed complementary trends. Thus, while we observed the highest number of myeloid cells in the blood during early morning, we witnessed a reverse trend in the head kidney, suggesting a homing of myeloid cells to reservoir niches with the onset of the dark phase. Further, the presence of myeloid cells was mirrored in the expression of the proinflammatory marker tnfa as well as in the number of leukocytes recruited to the peritoneal cavity in the peritonitis model of inflammation. Overall, the data suggest a connection between diurnal rhythms and the immune response of rainbow trout and highlight the relevance of rhythmicity and its influence on experimental work in the field of fish chronoimmunology.
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Tatullo M, Codispoti B, Spagnuolo G, Zavan B. Human Periapical Cyst-Derived Stem Cells Can Be A Smart "Lab-on-A-Cell" to Investigate Neurodegenerative Diseases and the Related Alteration of the Exosomes' Content. Brain Sci 2019; 9:E358. [PMID: 31817546 PMCID: PMC6955839 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci9120358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Promising researches have demonstrated that the alteration of biological rhythms may be consistently linked to neurodegenerative pathologies. Parkinson's disease (PD) has a multifactorial pathogenesis, involving both genetic and environmental and/or molecular co-factors. Generally, heterogeneous alterations in circadian rhythm (CR) are a typical finding in degenerative processes, such as cell aging and death. Although numerous genetic phenotypes have been discovered in the most common forms of PD, it seems that severe deficiencies in synaptic transmission and high vesicular recycling are frequently found in PD patients. Neuron-to-neuron interactions are often ensured by exosomes, a specific type of extracellular vesicle (EV). Neuron-derived exosomes may carry several active compounds, including miRNAs: Several studies have found that circulating miRNAs are closely associated with an atypical oscillation of circadian rhythm genes, and they are also involved in the regulation of clock genes, in animal models. In this context, a careful analysis of neural-differentiated Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) and the molecular and genetic characterization of their exosome content, both in healthy cells and in PD-induced cells, could be a strategic field of investigation for early diagnosis and better treatment of PD and similar neurodegenerative pathologies. A novel MSC population, called human periapical cyst-mesenchymal stem cells (hPCy-MSCs), has demonstrated that it naively expresswa the main neuronal markers, and may differentiate towards functional neurons. Therefore, hPCy-MSCs can be considered of particular interest for testing of in vitro strategies to treat neurological diseases. On the other hand, the limitations of using stem cells is an issue that leads researchers to perform experimental studies on the exosomes released by MCSs. Human periapical cyst-derived mesenkymal stem cells can be a smart "lab-on-a-cell" to investigate neurodegenerative diseases and the related exosomes' content alteration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Tatullo
- Marelli Health, Tecnologica Research Institute, Stem Cell Unit, 88900 Crotone, Italy;
- Department of Therapeutic Dentistry, Sechenov University Russia, 19c1 Moscow, Russia
| | - Bruna Codispoti
- Marelli Health, Tecnologica Research Institute, Stem Cell Unit, 88900 Crotone, Italy;
| | - Gianrico Spagnuolo
- Department of Therapeutic Dentistry, Sechenov University Russia, 19c1 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, University of Naples, 80138 Napoli, Italy
| | - Barbara Zavan
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 70, 44121 Ferrara, Italy;
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Stenzinger M, Karpova D, Unterrainer C, Harenkamp S, Wiercinska E, Hoerster K, Pfeffer M, Maronde E, Bonig H. Hematopoietic-Extrinsic Cues Dictate Circadian Redistribution of Mature and Immature Hematopoietic Cells in Blood and Spleen. Cells 2019; 8:E1033. [PMID: 31491915 PMCID: PMC6769956 DOI: 10.3390/cells8091033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Circadian oscillations in circulating leukocyte subsets including immature hematopoietic cells have been appreciated; the origin and nature of these alterations remain elusive. Our analysis of wild-type C57BL/6 mice under constant darkness confirmed circadian fluctuations of circulating leukocytes and clonogenic cells in blood and spleen but not bone marrow. Clock gene deficient Bmal1-/- mice lacked this regulation. Cell cycle analyses in the different hematopoietic compartments excluded circadian changes in total cell numbers, rather favoring shifting hematopoietic cell redistribution as the underlying mechanism. Transplant chimeras demonstrate that circadian rhythms within the stroma mediate the oscillations independently of hematopoietic-intrinsic cues. We provide evidence of circadian CXCL12 regulation via clock genes in vitro and were able to confirm CXCL12 oscillation in bone marrow and blood in vivo. Our studies further implicate cortisol as the conveyor of circadian input to bone marrow stroma and mediator of the circadian leukocyte oscillation. In summary, we establish hematopoietic-extrinsic cues as causal for circadian redistribution of circulating mature/immature blood cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Stenzinger
- Institute for Immunology, University Hospital Heidelberg and Institute for Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Cell Therapy, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Immunohematology, Goethe University and German Red Cross Blood Service Baden-Württemberg-Hessen, Institute Frankfurt a. M.; 60528 Frankfurt a. M., Germany
| | - Darja Karpova
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Immunohematology, Goethe University and German Red Cross Blood Service Baden-Württemberg-Hessen, Institute Frankfurt a. M.; 60528 Frankfurt a. M., Germany
- Division of Stem Cells and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christian Unterrainer
- Institute for Immunology, University Hospital Heidelberg and Institute for Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Cell Therapy, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sabine Harenkamp
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Immunohematology, Goethe University and German Red Cross Blood Service Baden-Württemberg-Hessen, Institute Frankfurt a. M.; 60528 Frankfurt a. M., Germany
| | - Eliza Wiercinska
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Immunohematology, Goethe University and German Red Cross Blood Service Baden-Württemberg-Hessen, Institute Frankfurt a. M.; 60528 Frankfurt a. M., Germany
| | - Keven Hoerster
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Immunohematology, Goethe University and German Red Cross Blood Service Baden-Württemberg-Hessen, Institute Frankfurt a. M.; 60528 Frankfurt a. M., Germany
| | - Martina Pfeffer
- Institute for Anatomy II, Division of Medicine, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Erik Maronde
- Institute for Anatomy III, Goethe University, 60596 Frankfurt a. M., Germany
| | - Halvard Bonig
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Immunohematology, Goethe University and German Red Cross Blood Service Baden-Württemberg-Hessen, Institute Frankfurt a. M.; 60528 Frankfurt a. M., Germany.
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Jones SJ, Taylor AF, Beales PA. Towards feedback-controlled nanomedicines for smart, adaptive delivery. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2019; 244:283-293. [PMID: 30205721 PMCID: PMC6435888 DOI: 10.1177/1535370218800456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPACT STATEMENT The timing and rate of release of pharmaceuticals from advanced drug delivery systems is an important property that has received considerable attention in the scientific literature. Broadly, these mostly fall into two classes: controlled release with a prolonged release rate or triggered release where the drug is rapidly released in response to an environmental stimulus. This review aims to highlight the potential for developing adaptive release systems that more subtlety modulate the drug release profile through continuous communication with its environment facilitated through feedback control. By reviewing the key elements of this approach in one place (fundamental principles of nanomedicine, enzymatic nanoreactors for medical therapies and feedback-controlled chemical systems) and providing additional motivating case studies in the context of chronobiology, we hope to inspire innovative development of novel "chrononanomedicines."
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J. Jones
- School of Chemistry and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Annette F. Taylor
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK
| | - Paul A Beales
- School of Chemistry and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
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Lee JW, Hirota T, Ono D, Honma S, Honma KI, Park K, Kay SA. Chemical Control of Mammalian Circadian Behavior through Dual Inhibition of Casein Kinase Iα and δ. J Med Chem 2019; 62:1989-1998. [PMID: 30707835 PMCID: PMC8901179 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Circadian rhythms are controlled by transcriptional feedback loops of clock genes and proteins. The stability of clock proteins is regulated by post-translational modification, such as phosphorylation by kinases. In particular, casein kinase I (CKI) phosphorylates the PER protein to regulate proteasomal degradation and nuclear localization. Therefore, CKI inhibition can modulate mammalian circadian rhythms. In the present study, we have developed novel CKIα and CKIδ dual inhibitors by extensive structural modification of N9 and C2 position of longdaysin. We identified NCC007 that showed stronger period effects (0.32 μM for 5 h period lengthening) in a cell-based circadian assay. The following in vitro kinase assay showed that NCC007 inhibited CKIα and CKIδ with an IC50 of 1.8 and 3.6 μM. We further demonstrated that NCC007 lengthened the period of mouse behavioral rhythms in vivo. Thus, NCC007 is a valuable tool compound to control circadian rhythms through CKI inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Wook Lee
- Natural Product Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung 25451, South Korea
- Convergence Research Center for Dementia, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, South Korea
- Corresponding Authors: . Phone: +82(0)2 336503514 (J.W.L.). . Phone: +81(0)52 747 6356 (T.H.)
| | - Tsuyoshi Hirota
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
- Corresponding Authors: . Phone: +82(0)2 336503514 (J.W.L.). . Phone: +81(0)52 747 6356 (T.H.)
| | - Daisuke Ono
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
| | - Sato Honma
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
| | - Ken-ichi Honma
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
| | - Keunwan Park
- Natural Product Informatics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung 25451, South Korea
| | - Steve A. Kay
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
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Tsai SY, Lin CL, Shih SC, Hsu CW, Leong KH, Kuo CF, Lio CF, Chen YT, Hung YJ, Shi L. Increased risk of chronic fatigue syndrome following burn injuries. J Transl Med 2018; 16:342. [PMID: 30518392 PMCID: PMC6282352 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-018-1713-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The overlapping symptoms and pathophysiological similarities between burn injury and chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) are noteworthy. Thus, this study explores the possible association between burn injury and the subsequent risk of CFS. Method We used data from the Taiwan National Health Insurance system to address the research topic. The exposure cohort comprised of 17,204 patients with new diagnoses of burn injury. Each patient was frequency matched according to age, sex, index year, and comorbidities with four participants from the general population who did not have a history of CFS (control cohort). Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was conducted to estimate the relationship between burn injury and the risk of subsequent CFS. Result The incidence of CFS in the exposure and control cohorts was 1.61 and 0.86 per 1000 person-years, respectively. The exposure cohort had a significantly higher overall risk of subsequent CFS than did the control cohort (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] = 1.48, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.41–1.56). The risk of CFS in patients with burn injury in whichever stratification (including sex, age, and comorbidity) was also higher than that of the control cohort. Conclusion The findings from this population-based retrospective cohort study suggest that thermal injury is associated with an increased risk of subsequent CFS and provided a point of view suggesting burn injuries in sun- exposed areas such as the face and limbs had greater impact on subsequent development of CFS compared with trunk areas. In addition, extensively burned areas and visible scars were predictors of greater physiological and psychosocial that are needed to follow-up in the long run.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Yi Tsai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Department of Medicine; Graduate Institute of Long-Term Care, Mackay Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, United States.
| | - Cheng-Li Lin
- College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan.,Management Office for Health Data, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Shou-Chuan Shih
- Department of Medical Research, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Wei Hsu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine; Graduate Institute of Long-Term Care, Mackay Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kam-Hang Leong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine; Graduate Institute of Long-Term Care, Mackay Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Feng Kuo
- Institute of Infectious Disease, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chon-Fu Lio
- Department of Medicine; Graduate Institute of Long-Term Care, Mackay Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan.,Centro Hospitalar Conde de Sao Januario, Macao, China
| | - Yu-Tien Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine; Graduate Institute of Long-Term Care, Mackay Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yan-Jiun Hung
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine; Graduate Institute of Long-Term Care, Mackay Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Leiyu Shi
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, United States.
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31
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Sultan A. Identification and development of clock-modulating small molecules – an emerging approach to fine-tune the disrupted circadian clocks. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2018.1498197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Armiya Sultan
- Chronobiology and Animal Behavior Laboratory, School of Studies in Life Sciences, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, India
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32
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Ramanathan C, Kathale ND, Liu D, Lee C, Freeman DA, Hogenesch JB, Cao R, Liu AC. mTOR signaling regulates central and peripheral circadian clock function. PLoS Genet 2018; 14:e1007369. [PMID: 29750810 PMCID: PMC5965903 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2017] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The circadian clock coordinates physiology and metabolism. mTOR (mammalian/mechanistic target of rapamycin) is a major intracellular sensor that integrates nutrient and energy status to regulate protein synthesis, metabolism, and cell growth. Previous studies have identified a key role for mTOR in regulating photic entrainment and synchrony of the central circadian clock in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). Given that mTOR activities exhibit robust circadian oscillations in a variety of tissues and cells including the SCN, here we continued to investigate the role of mTOR in orchestrating autonomous clock functions in central and peripheral circadian oscillators. Using a combination of genetic and pharmacological approaches we show that mTOR regulates intrinsic clock properties including period and amplitude. In peripheral clock models of hepatocytes and adipocytes, mTOR inhibition lengthens period and dampens amplitude, whereas mTOR activation shortens period and augments amplitude. Constitutive activation of mTOR in Tsc2-/-fibroblasts elevates levels of core clock proteins, including CRY1, BMAL1 and CLOCK. Serum stimulation induces CRY1 upregulation in fibroblasts in an mTOR-dependent but Bmal1- and Period-independent manner. Consistent with results from cellular clock models, mTOR perturbation also regulates period and amplitude in the ex vivo SCN and liver clocks. Further, mTOR heterozygous mice show lengthened circadian period of locomotor activity in both constant darkness and constant light. Together, these results support a significant role for mTOR in circadian timekeeping and in linking metabolic states to circadian clock functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chidambaram Ramanathan
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Nimish D. Kathale
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Dong Liu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Choogon Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Program in Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, United States of America
| | - David A. Freeman
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - John B. Hogenesch
- Divisions of Human Genetics and Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Ruifeng Cao
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth, Minnesota, United States of America
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
- * E-mail: (RC); (ACL)
| | - Andrew C. Liu
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- * E-mail: (RC); (ACL)
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Wible RS, Ramanathan C, Sutter CH, Olesen KM, Kensler TW, Liu AC, Sutter TR. NRF2 regulates core and stabilizing circadian clock loops, coupling redox and timekeeping in Mus musculus. eLife 2018; 7:e31656. [PMID: 29481323 PMCID: PMC5826263 DOI: 10.7554/elife.31656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Diurnal oscillation of intracellular redox potential is known to couple metabolism with the circadian clock, yet the responsible mechanisms are not well understood. We show here that chemical activation of NRF2 modifies circadian gene expression and rhythmicity, with phenotypes similar to genetic NRF2 activation. Loss of Nrf2 function in mouse fibroblasts, hepatocytes and liver also altered circadian rhythms, suggesting that NRF2 stoichiometry and/or timing of expression are important to timekeeping in some cells. Consistent with this concept, activation of NRF2 at a circadian time corresponding to the peak generation of endogenous oxidative signals resulted in NRF2-dependent reinforcement of circadian amplitude. In hepatocytes, activated NRF2 bound specific enhancer regions of the core clock repressor gene Cry2, increased Cry2 expression and repressed CLOCK/BMAL1-regulated E-box transcription. Together these data indicate that NRF2 and clock comprise an interlocking loop that integrates cellular redox signals into tissue-specific circadian timekeeping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan S Wible
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of MemphisMemphisUnited States
- W Harry Feinstone Center for Genomic ResearchUniversity of MemphisMemphisUnited States
| | | | - Carrie Hayes Sutter
- W Harry Feinstone Center for Genomic ResearchUniversity of MemphisMemphisUnited States
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of MemphisMemphisUnited States
| | - Kristin M Olesen
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of MemphisMemphisUnited States
| | - Thomas W Kensler
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical BiologyUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghUnited States
| | - Andrew C Liu
- W Harry Feinstone Center for Genomic ResearchUniversity of MemphisMemphisUnited States
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of MemphisMemphisUnited States
| | - Thomas R Sutter
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of MemphisMemphisUnited States
- W Harry Feinstone Center for Genomic ResearchUniversity of MemphisMemphisUnited States
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of MemphisMemphisUnited States
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Chen Z, Yoo SH, Takahashi JS. Development and Therapeutic Potential of Small-Molecule Modulators of Circadian Systems. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2017; 58:231-252. [PMID: 28968186 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-010617-052645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Circadian timekeeping systems drive oscillatory gene expression to regulate essential cellular and physiological processes. When the systems are perturbed, pathological consequences ensue and disease risks rise. A growing number of small-molecule modulators have been reported to target circadian systems. Such small molecules, identified via high-throughput screening or derivatized from known scaffolds, have shown promise as drug candidates to improve biological timing and physiological outputs in disease models. In this review, we first briefly describe the circadian system, including the core oscillator and the cellular networks. Research progress on clock-modulating small molecules is presented, focusing on development strategies and biological efficacies. We highlight the therapeutic potential of small molecules in clock-related pathologies, including jet lag and shiftwork; various chronic diseases, particularly metabolic disease; and aging. Emerging opportunities to identify and exploit clock modulators as novel therapeutic agents are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas 77030, USA;
| | - Seung-Hee Yoo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas 77030, USA;
| | - Joseph S Takahashi
- Department of Neuroscience and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
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Nohara K, Chen Z, Yoo SH. A Filtration-based Method of Preparing High-quality Nuclei from Cross-linked Skeletal Muscle for Chromatin Immunoprecipitation. J Vis Exp 2017. [PMID: 28715394 DOI: 10.3791/56013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) is a powerful method to determine protein binding to chromatin DNA. Fiber-rich skeletal muscle, however, has been a challenge for ChIP due to technical difficulty in isolation of high-quality nuclei with minimal contamination of myofibrils. Previous protocols have attempted to purify nuclei before cross-linking, which incurs the risk of altered DNA-protein interaction during the prolonged nuclei preparation process. In the current protocol, we first cross-linked the skeletal muscle tissue collected from mice, and the tissues were minced and sonicated. Since we found that ultracentrifugation was not able to separate nuclei from myofibrils using cross-linked muscle tissue, we devised a sequential filtration procedure to obtain high-quality nuclei devoid of significant myofibril contamination. We subsequently prepared chromatin by using an ultrasonicator, and ChIP assays with anti-BMAL1 antibody revealed robust circadian binding pattern of BMAL1 to target gene promoters. This filtration protocol constitutes an easily applicable method to isolate high-quality nuclei from cross-linked skeletal muscle tissue, allowing consistent sample processing for circadian and other time-sensitive studies. In combination with next-generation sequencing (NGS), our method can be deployed for various mechanistic and genomic studies focusing on skeletal muscle function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazunari Nohara
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
| | - Zheng Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
| | - Seung-Hee Yoo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston;
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36
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Narasimamurthy R, Virshup DM. Molecular Mechanisms Regulating Temperature Compensation of the Circadian Clock. Front Neurol 2017; 8:161. [PMID: 28496429 PMCID: PMC5406394 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2017.00161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
An approximately 24-h biological timekeeping mechanism called the circadian clock is present in virtually all light-sensitive organisms from cyanobacteria to humans. The clock system regulates our sleep–wake cycle, feeding–fasting, hormonal secretion, body temperature, and many other physiological functions. Signals from the master circadian oscillator entrain peripheral clocks using a variety of neural and hormonal signals. Even centrally controlled internal temperature fluctuations can entrain the peripheral circadian clocks. But, unlike other chemical reactions, the output of the clock system remains nearly constant with fluctuations in ambient temperature, a phenomenon known as temperature compensation. In this brief review, we focus on recent advances in our understanding of the posttranslational modifications, especially a phosphoswitch mechanism controlling the stability of PER2 and its implications for the regulation of temperature compensation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Narasimamurthy
- Program in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - David M Virshup
- Program in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
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37
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The effects of Jiao-Tai-Wan on sleep, inflammation and insulin resistance in obesity-resistant rats with chronic partial sleep deprivation. Altern Ther Health Med 2017; 17:165. [PMID: 28335761 PMCID: PMC5364582 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-017-1648-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Background Jiao-Tai-Wan (JTW), composed of Rhizome Coptidis and Cortex Cinnamomi, is a classical traditional Chinese prescription for treating insomnia. Several in vivo studies have concluded that JTW could exert its therapeutical effect in insomnia rats. However, the specific mechanism is still unclear. The present study aimed to explore the effect of JTW on sleep in obesity-resistant (OR) rats with chronic partial sleep deprivation (PSD) and to clarify its possible mechanism. Methods JTW was prepared and the main components contained in the granules were identified by 3D-High Performance Liquid Chromatography (3D-HPLC) assay. The Male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats underwent 4 h PSD by environmental noise and the treatment with low and high doses of JTW orally for 4 weeks, respectively. Then sleep structure was analyzed by electroencephalographic (EEG). Inflammation markers including high-sensitivity C reactive protein (hs-CRP), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels were examined in the rat plasma. Meanwhile, metabolic parameters as body weight increase rate, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), fasting insulin (FINS) levels and insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) were measured. The expressions of clock gene cryptochromes (Cry1 and Cry2) and inflammation gene nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) in peripheral blood monocyte cells (PBMC) were also determined. Results The result showed that the administration of JTW significantly increased total sleep time and total slow wave sleep (SWS) time in OR rats with PSD. Furthermore, the treatment with JTW reversed the increase in the markers of systemic inflammation and insulin resistance caused by sleep loss. These changes were also associated with the up-regulation of Cry1 mRNA and Cry 2 mRNA and the down-regulation of NF-κB mRNA expression in PBMC. Conclusions This study suggests that JTW has the beneficial effects of improving sleep, inflammation and insulin sensitivity. The mechanism appears to be related to the modulation of circadian clock and inflammation genes expressions in PBMC.
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Gloston GF, Yoo SH, Chen ZJ. Clock-Enhancing Small Molecules and Potential Applications in Chronic Diseases and Aging. Front Neurol 2017; 8:100. [PMID: 28360884 PMCID: PMC5350099 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2017.00100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Normal physiological functions require a robust biological timer called the circadian clock. When clocks are dysregulated, misaligned, or dampened, pathological consequences ensue, leading to chronic diseases and accelerated aging. An emerging research area is the development of clock-targeting compounds that may serve as drug candidates to correct dysregulated rhythms and hence mitigate disease symptoms and age-related decline. In this review, we first present a concise view of the circadian oscillator, physiological networks, and regulatory mechanisms of circadian amplitude. Given a close association of circadian amplitude dampening and disease progression, clock-enhancing small molecules (CEMs) are of particular interest as candidate chronotherapeutics. A recent proof-of-principle study illustrated that the natural polymethoxylated flavonoid nobiletin directly targets the circadian oscillator and elicits robust metabolic improvements in mice. We describe mood disorders and aging as potential therapeutic targets of CEMs. Future studies of CEMs will shed important insight into the regulation and disease relevance of circadian clocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle F Gloston
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston , Houston, TX , USA
| | - Seung-Hee Yoo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston , Houston, TX , USA
| | - Zheng Jake Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston , Houston, TX , USA
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He B, Chen Z. Molecular Targets for Small-Molecule Modulators of Circadian Clocks. Curr Drug Metab 2016; 17:503-12. [PMID: 26750111 DOI: 10.2174/1389200217666160111124439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circadian clocks are endogenous timing systems that regulate various aspects of mammalian metabolism, physiology and behavior. Traditional chronotherapy refers to the administration of drugs in a defined circadian time window to achieve optimal pharmacokinetic and therapeutic efficacies. In recent years, substantial efforts have been dedicated to developing novel small-molecule modulators of circadian clocks. METHODS Here, we review the recent progress in the identification of molecular targets of small-molecule clock modulators and their efficacies in clock-related disorders. Specifically, we examine the clock components and regulatory factors as possible molecular targets of small molecules, and we review several key clock-related disorders as promising venues for testing the preventive/therapeutic efficacies of these small molecules. Finally, we also discuss circadian regulation of drug metabolism. RESULTS Small molecules can modulate the period, phase and/or amplitude of the circadian cycle. Core clock proteins, nuclear hormone receptors, and clock-related kinases and other epigenetic regulators are promising molecular targets for small molecules. Through these targets small molecules exert protective effects against clock-related disorders including the metabolic syndrome, immune disorders, sleep disorders and cancer. Small molecules can also modulate circadian drug metabolism and response to existing therapeutics. CONCLUSION Small-molecule clock modulators target clock components or diverse cellular pathways that functionally impinge upon the clock. Target identification of new small-molecule modulators will deepen our understanding of key regulatory nodes in the circadian network. Studies of clock modulators will facilitate their therapeutic applications, alone or in combination, for clock-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zheng Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, MSB 6.200, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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Gpr176 is a Gz-linked orphan G-protein-coupled receptor that sets the pace of circadian behaviour. Nat Commun 2016; 7:10583. [PMID: 26882873 PMCID: PMC4757782 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) participate in a broad range of physiological functions. A priority for fundamental and clinical research, therefore, is to decipher the function of over 140 remaining orphan GPCRs. The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), the brain's circadian pacemaker, governs daily rhythms in behaviour and physiology. Here we launch the SCN orphan GPCR project to (i) search for murine orphan GPCRs with enriched expression in the SCN, (ii) generate mutant animals deficient in candidate GPCRs, and (iii) analyse the impact on circadian rhythms. We thereby identify Gpr176 as an SCN-enriched orphan GPCR that sets the pace of circadian behaviour. Gpr176 is expressed in a circadian manner by SCN neurons, and molecular characterization reveals that it represses cAMP signalling in an agonist-independent manner. Gpr176 acts independently of, and in parallel to, the Vipr2 GPCR, not through the canonical Gi, but via the unique G-protein subclass Gz. The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) is the central regulator of circadian rhythms. Here the authors identify mouse Gpr176 as a pace modulator of this circadian clock and characterize its mode of action as coupling to Gz rather than Gi subunits.
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Radwan B, Liu H, Chaudhury D. Regulation and Modulation of Depression-Related Behaviours: Role of Dopaminergic Neurons. DOPAMINE AND SLEEP 2016:147-190. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-46437-4_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/19/2023]
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Gonzalez R, Gonzalez S, Villa E, Ramirez M, Zavala J, Armas R, Contreras J, Dassori A, Leach RJ, Flores D, Jerez A, Raventós H, Ontiveros A, Nicolini H, Escamilla M. Identification of circadian gene variants in bipolar disorder in Latino populations. J Affect Disord 2015; 186:367-75. [PMID: 26283580 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2015.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2015] [Revised: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Variations in circadian genes can impact biological rhythms. Given the rhythm disturbances that characterize bipolar disorder (BD), genes encoding components of molecular clocks are good candidate genes for the illness. METHODS A family based association analysis of circadian gene single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and BD was conducted in Latino pedigrees. 884 individuals from 207 pedigrees (473BP phenotype and 411 unaffected family members) were genotyped. Family based single marker association testing was performed. Ancestral haplotypes (SNPs found to be in strong LD defined using confidence intervals) were also tested for association with BD. RESULTS Multiple suggestive associations between circadian gene SNPs and BD were noted. These included CSNK1E (rs1534891, p=0.00689), ARNTL (rs3789327, p=0.021172), CSNK1D (rs4510078, p=0.022801), CLOCK (rs17777927, p=0.031664). Individually, none of the SNPs were significantly associated with BD after correction for multiple testing. However, a 4-locus CSNK1E haplotype encompassing the rs1534891 SNP (Z-score=2.685, permuted p=0.0076) and a 3-locus haplotype in ARNTL (Z-score=3.269, permuted p=0.0011) showed a significant association with BD. LIMITATIONS Larger samples are required to confirm these findings and assess the relationship between circadian gene SNPs and BD in Latinos. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that ARNTL and CSKN1E variants may be associated with BD. Further studies are warranted to assess the relationships between these genes and BD in Latino populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Gonzalez
- Department of Psychiatry and Center of Excellence for Neurosciences, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX, USA.
| | - Suzanne Gonzalez
- Department of Psychiatry and Center of Excellence for Neurosciences, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Erika Villa
- Department of Psychiatry and Center of Excellence for Neurosciences, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Mercedes Ramirez
- Department of Psychiatry and Center of Excellence for Neurosciences, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Juan Zavala
- Department of Psychiatry and Center of Excellence for Neurosciences, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Regina Armas
- Langley Porter Psychiatric Institute, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Javier Contreras
- Centro de Investigación en Biología Celular y Molecular y Escuela de Biologia, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Jose, Costa Rica
| | - Albana Dassori
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA; South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Robin J Leach
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Deborah Flores
- Los Angeles Biomedical Research Center at Harbor, University of California Los Angeles Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Alvaro Jerez
- Centro Internacional de Trastornos Afectivos y de la Conducta Adictiva, Guatemala, Guatemala
| | - Henriette Raventós
- Centro de Investigación en Biología Celular y Molecular y Escuela de Biologia, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Jose, Costa Rica
| | - Alfonso Ontiveros
- Instituto de Información e Investigación en Salud Mental AC, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | - Humberto Nicolini
- Grupo de Estudios Médicos y Familiares Carracci, S.C., México, D.F., Mexico
| | - Michael Escamilla
- Department of Psychiatry and Center of Excellence for Neurosciences, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX, USA
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Mogi M, Uji S, Yokoi H, Suzuki T. Early development of circadian rhythmicity in the suprachiamatic nuclei and pineal gland of teleost, flounder (Paralichthys olivaeus), embryos. Dev Growth Differ 2015; 57:444-452. [PMID: 26010733 DOI: 10.1111/dgd.12222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Revised: 04/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Circadian rhythms enable organisms to coordinate multiple physiological processes and behaviors with the earth's rotation. In mammals, the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN), the sole master circadian pacemaker, has entrainment mechanisms that set the circadian rhythm to a 24-h cycle with photic signals from retina. In contrast, the zebrafish SCN is not a circadian pacemaker, instead the pineal gland (PG) houses the major circadian oscillator. The SCN of flounder larvae, unlike that of zebrafish, however, expresses per2 with a rhythmicity of daytime/ON and nighttime/OFF. Here, we examined whether the rhythm of per2 expression in the flounder SCN represents the molecular clock. We also examined early development of the circadian rhythmicity in the SCN and PG. Our three major findings were as follows. First, rhythmic per2 expression in the SCN was maintained under 24 h dark (DD) conditions, indicating that a molecular clock exists in the flounder SCN. Second, onset of circadian rhythmicity in the SCN preceded that in the PG. Third, both 24 h light (LL) and DD conditions deeply affected the development of circadian rhythmicity in the SCN and PG. This is the first report dealing with the early development of circadian rhythmicity in the SCN in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Mogi
- Laboratory of Marine Life Science and Genetics, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, 981-8555, Japan
| | - Susumu Uji
- National Research Institute of Aquaculture, Farming Biology Division, Fisheries Research Agency, 422-1 Minamiise, Watarai, Mie, 516-0193, Japan
| | - Hayato Yokoi
- Laboratory of Marine Life Science and Genetics, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, 981-8555, Japan
| | - Tohru Suzuki
- Laboratory of Marine Life Science and Genetics, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, 981-8555, Japan
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Belle MDC. Circadian Tick-Talking Across the Neuroendocrine System and Suprachiasmatic Nuclei Circuits: The Enigmatic Communication Between the Molecular and Electrical Membrane Clocks. J Neuroendocrinol 2015; 27:567-76. [PMID: 25845396 PMCID: PMC4973835 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Revised: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
As with many processes in nature, appropriate timing in biological systems is of paramount importance. In the neuroendocrine system, the efficacy of hormonal influence on major bodily functions, such as reproduction, metabolism and growth, relies on timely communication within and across many of the brain's homeostatic systems. The activity of these circuits is tightly orchestrated with the animal's internal physiological demands and external solar cycle by a master circadian clock. In mammals, this master clock is located in the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), where the ensemble activity of thousands of clock neurones generates and communicates circadian time cues to the rest of the brain and body. Many regions of the brain, including areas with neuroendocrine function, also contain local daily clocks that can provide feedback signals to the SCN. Although much is known about the molecular processes underpinning endogenous circadian rhythm generation in SCN neurones and, to a lesser extent, extra-SCN cells, the electrical membrane clock that acts in partnership with the molecular clockwork to communicate circadian timing across the brain is poorly understood. The present review focuses on some circadian aspects of reproductive neuroendocrinology and processes involved in circadian rhythm communication in the SCN, aiming to identify key gaps in our knowledge of cross-talk between our daily master clock and neuroendocrine function. The intention is to highlight our surprisingly limited understanding of their interaction in the hope that this will stimulate future work in these areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. D. C. Belle
- Faculty of Life SciencesUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
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Russcher M, Chaves I, Lech K, Koch BCP, Nagtegaal JE, Dorsman KF, Jong A', Kayser M, van Faassen HMJR, Kema IP, van der Horst GTJ, Gaillard CAJM. An observational study on disturbed peripheral circadian rhythms in hemodialysis patients. Chronobiol Int 2015; 32:848-57. [PMID: 26101944 DOI: 10.3109/07420528.2015.1048868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The quality of life of hemodialysis (HD) patients is hampered by reduced nocturnal sleep quality and excessive daytime sleepiness. In addition to the sleep/wake cycle, levels of circadian biomarkers (e.g. melatonin) are disturbed in end-stage renal disease (ESRD). This suggests impaired circadian clock performance in HD patients, but the underlying mechanism is unknown. In this observational study, diurnal rhythms of sleep, serum melatonin and cortisol concentrations and clock gene mRNA expression are compared between HD patients (n = 9) and healthy control subjects (n = 9). In addition, the presence of circulating factors that might affect circadian rhythmicity is tested in vitro with cell culture experiments. Reduced sleep quality (median sleep onset latency [interquartile range] of 23.9 [17.3] min for patients versus 5.0 [10] minutes for controls, p < 0.01; mean (± SD) sleep efficiency 70.2 ± 8.1% versus 82.9 ± 10.9%, p = 0.02 and mean awake minutes after sleep onset 104.8 ± 27.9 versus 54.6 ± 41.6 minutes, p = 0.01) and increased daytime sleepiness (mean Epworth Sleepiness Score of 10.0 ± 4.8 versus 3.9 ± 2.0, p < 0.01) were confirmed in HD patients. Reduced nocturnal melatonin concentrations (1 AM: 98.1 [122.9] pmol/L versus 12.5 [44.2] pmol/L, p = 0.019; 5 AM: 114.0 [131.6] pmol/L versus 11.8 [86.8] pmol/L, p = 0.031) and affected circadian control of cortisol rhythm and circadian expression of the clock gene REV-ERBα were found. HD patient serum had a higher capacity to synchronize cells in vitro, suggesting an accumulated level of clock resetting compounds in HD patients. These compounds were not cleared by hemodialysis treatment or related to frequently used medications. In conclusion, the abovementioned results strongly suggest a disturbance in circadian timekeeping in peripheral tissues of HD patients. Accumulation of clock resetting compounds possibly contributes to this. Future studies are needed for a better mechanistic understanding of the interaction between renal failure and perturbation of the circadian clock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marije Russcher
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Meander Medical Center , Amersfoort , The Netherlands
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Arif IS, Hooper CL, Greco F, Williams AC, Boateng SY. Increasing doxorubicin activity against breast cancer cells using PPARγ-ligands and by exploiting circadian rhythms. Br J Pharmacol 2015; 169:1178-88. [PMID: 23578093 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2012] [Revised: 01/25/2013] [Accepted: 04/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Doxorubicin is effective against breast cancer, but its major side effect is cardiotoxicity. The aim of this study was to determine whether the efficacy of doxorubicin on cancer cells could be increased in combination with PPARγ agonists or chrono-optimization by exploiting the diurnal cycle. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We determined cell toxicity using MCF-7 cancer cells, neonatal rat cardiac myocytes and fibroblasts in this study. KEY RESULTS Doxorubicin damages the contractile filaments of cardiac myocytes and affects cardiac fibroblasts by significantly inhibiting collagen production and proliferation at the level of the cell cycle. Cyclin D1 protein levels decreased significantly following doxorubicin treatment indicative of a G1/S arrest. PPARγ agonists with doxorubicin increased the toxicity to MCF-7 cancer cells without affecting cardiac cells. Rosiglitazone and ciglitazone both enhanced anti-cancer activity when combined with doxorubicin (e.g. 50% cell death for doxorubicin at 0.1 μM compared to 80% cell death when combined with rosiglitazone). Thus, the therapeutic dose of doxorubicin could be reduced by 20-fold through combination with the PPARγ agonists, thereby reducing adverse effects on the heart. The presence of melatonin also significantly increased doxorubicin toxicity, in cardiac fibroblasts (1 μM melatonin) but not in MCF-7 cells. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Our data show, for the first time, that circadian rhythms play an important role in doxorubicin toxicity in the myocardium; doxorubicin should be administered mid-morning, when circulating levels of melatonin are low, and in combination with rosiglitazone to increase therapeutic efficacy in cancer cells while reducing the toxic effects on the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- I S Arif
- School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading, UK
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Yoshii K, Tajima F, Ishijima S, Sagami I. Changes in pH and NADPH regulate the DNA binding activity of neuronal PAS domain protein 2, a mammalian circadian transcription factor. Biochemistry 2015; 54:250-9. [PMID: 25526362 DOI: 10.1021/bi5008518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Neuronal PAS domain protein 2 (NPAS2) is a core clock transcription factor that forms a heterodimer with BMAL1 to bind the E-box in the promoter of clock genes and is regulated by various environmental stimuli such as heme, carbon monoxide, and NAD(P)H. In this study, we investigated the effects of pH and NADPH on the DNA binding activity of NPAS2. In an electrophoretic mobility shift (EMS) assay, the pH of the reaction mixture affected the DNA binding activity of the NPAS2/BMAL1 heterodimer but not that of the BMAL1/BMAL1 homodimer. A change in pH from 7.0 to 7.5 resulted in a 1.7-fold increase in activity in the absence of NADPH, and NADPH additively enhanced the activity up to 2.7-fold at pH 7.5. The experiments using truncated mutants revealed that N-terminal amino acids 1-61 of NPAS2 were sufficient to sense the change in both pH and NADPH. We further analyzed the kinetics of formation and DNA binding of the NPAS2/BMAL1 heterodimer at various pH values. In the absence of NADPH, a change in pH from 6.5 to 8.0 decreased the KD(app) value of the E-box from 125 to 22 nM, with an 8-fold increase in the maximal level of DNA binding for the NPAS2/BMAL1 heterodimer. The addition of NADPH resulted in a further decrease in KD(app) to 9 nM at pH 8.0. Furthermore, NPAS2-dependent transcriptional activity in a luciferase assay using NIH3T3 cells also increased with the pH of the culture medium. These results suggest that NPAS2 has a role as a pH and metabolite sensor in regulating circadian rhythms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhiro Yoshii
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Science, Kyoto Prefectural University , Shimogamo, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8522, Japan
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Nohara K, Yoo SH, Chen Z(J. Manipulating the circadian and sleep cycles to protect against metabolic disease. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2015; 6:35. [PMID: 25852644 PMCID: PMC4369727 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2015.00035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Modernization of human society parallels an epidemic of metabolic disorders including obesity. Apart from excess caloric intake, a 24/7 lifestyle poses another important challenge to our metabolic health. Recent research under both laboratory and epidemiological settings has indicated that abnormal temporal organization of sleep and wakeful activities including food intake is a significant risk factor for metabolic disease. The circadian clock system is our intrinsic biological timer that regulates internal rhythms such as the sleep/wake cycle and also responses to external stimuli including light and food. Initially thought to be mainly involved in the timing of sleep, the clock, and/or clock genes may also play a role in sleep architecture and homeostasis. Importantly, an extensive body of evidence has firmly established a master regulatory role of the clock in energy balance. Together, a close relationship between well-timed circadian/sleep cycles and metabolic health is emerging. Exploiting this functional connection, an important holistic strategy toward curbing the epidemic of metabolic disorders (e.g., obesity) involves corrective measures on the circadian clock and sleep. In addition to behavioral and environmental interventions including meal timing and light control, pharmacological agents targeting sleep and circadian clocks promise convenient and effective applications. Recent studies, for example, have reported small molecules targeting specific clock components and displaying robust beneficial effects on sleep and metabolism. Furthermore, a group of clock-amplitude-enhancing small molecules (CEMs) identified via high-throughput chemical screens are of particular interest for future in vivo studies of their metabolic and sleep efficacies. Elucidating the functional relationship between clock, sleep, and metabolism will also have far-reaching implications for various chronic human diseases and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazunari Nohara
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Seung-Hee Yoo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Zheng (Jake) Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- *Correspondence: Zheng (Jake) Chen, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, MSB 6.200, Houston, TX 77030, USA e-mail:
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Fujiwara Y, Kobayashi T, Chayahara N, Imamura Y, Toyoda M, Kiyota N, Mukohara T, Nishiumi S, Azuma T, Yoshida M, Minami H. Metabolomics evaluation of serum markers for cachexia and their intra-day variation in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer. PLoS One 2014; 9:e113259. [PMID: 25411961 PMCID: PMC4239056 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0113259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Cancer cachexia is a multifactorial syndrome characterized by progressive loss of weight and muscle atrophy. Using metabolomics, we investigated serum markers and their intra-day variation in advanced pancreatic cancer patients with cachexia. METHODS Patients were enrolled in two groups: those with or without cachexia. Blood samples collected at 6:30 AM, 11:30 AM, 4:30 PM, and 9:30 PM were analyzed using metabolomics, and serum levels of IL-6, TNF-α, and leptin were measured and compared between the two groups. Intra-day variation was then evaluated. RESULTS Twenty-one patients were enrolled in total. In the cachexia group (n = 9), median body weight loss rate over 6 months was greater, performance status was poorer, and anorexia was more severe than in the non-cachexia group (n = 12). Each metabolites level showed substantial intra-day variation, and some of them displayed significant differences between the two groups. Levels of paraxanthine remained markedly lower in the cohort with cachexia at all measurement points. Besides, median IL-6 and TNF-α levels appeared higher and leptin concentration appeared lower in the cachexia group, albeit without statistical significance. CONCLUSION Some metabolites and some serological marker levels were affected by cancer cachexia. Although paraxanthine levels were consistently lower in patients with cachexia, we identified that many metabolites indicated large intra- and inter-day variation and that it might be necessary to pay attention to intra-day variation in metabolomics research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Fujiwara
- Division of Medical Oncology/Hematology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Takashi Kobayashi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Naoko Chayahara
- Division of Medical Oncology/Hematology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Imamura
- Division of Medical Oncology/Hematology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Masanori Toyoda
- Division of Medical Oncology/Hematology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Naomi Kiyota
- Division of Medical Oncology/Hematology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Toru Mukohara
- Division of Medical Oncology/Hematology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
- Cancer Center, Kobe University Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - Shin Nishiumi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Takeshi Azuma
- Division of Gastroenterology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Masaru Yoshida
- Division of Gastroenterology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
- Division of Metabolomics Research, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Hironobu Minami
- Division of Medical Oncology/Hematology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
- Cancer Center, Kobe University Hospital, Kobe, Japan
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Gannon RL. Non-peptide oxytocin receptor ligands and hamster circadian wheel running rhythms. Brain Res 2014; 1585:184-90. [PMID: 25148710 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2014.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Revised: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The synchronization of circadian rhythms in sleep, endocrine and metabolic functions with the environmental light cycle is essential for health, and dysfunction of this synchrony is thought to play a part in the development of many neurological disorders. There is a demonstrable need to develop new therapeutics for the treatment of neurological disorders such as depression and schizophrenia, and oxytocin is currently being investigated for this purpose. There are no published reports describing activity of oxytocin receptor ligands on mammalian circadian rhythms and that, then, is the purpose of this study. Non-peptide oxytocin receptor ligands that cross the blood brain barrier were systemically injected in hamsters to determine their ability to modulate light-induced phase advances and delays of circadian wheel running rhythms. The oxytocin receptor agonist WAY267464 (10 mg/kg) inhibited light induced phase advances of wheel running rhythms by 55%, but had no effect on light-induced phase delays. In contrast, the oxytocin receptor antagonist WAY162720 (10 mg/kg) inhibited light-induced phase delays by nearly 75%, but had no effect on light-induced phase advances. Additionally, WAY162720 was able to antagonize the inhibitory effects of WAY267464 on light-induced phase advances. These results are consistent for a role of oxytocin in the phase-delaying effects of light on circadian activity rhythms early in the night. Therefore, oxytocin may prove to be useful in developing therapeutics for the treatment of mood disorders with a concomitant dysfunction in circadian rhythms. Investigators should also be cognizant that oxytocin ligands may negatively affect circadian rhythms during clinical trials for other conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert L Gannon
- Department of Biology, Valdosta State University, Valdosta, GA 31698, USA.
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