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Cicchetti R, Basconi M, Litterio G, Mascitti M, Tamborino F, Orsini A, Digiacomo A, Ferro M, Schips L, Marchioni M. Advances in Molecular Mechanisms of Kidney Disease: Integrating Renal Tumorigenesis of Hereditary Cancer Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:9060. [PMID: 39201746 PMCID: PMC11355026 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25169060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2024] [Revised: 08/04/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) comprises various histologically distinct subtypes, each characterized by specific genetic alterations, necessitating individualized management and treatment strategies for each subtype. An exhaustive search of the PubMed database was conducted without any filters or restrictions. Inclusion criteria encompassed original English articles focusing on molecular mechanisms of kidney cancer. On the other hand, all non-original articles and articles published in any language other than English were excluded. Hereditary kidney cancer represents 5-8% of all kidney cancer cases and is associated with syndromes such as von Hippel-Lindau syndrome, Birt-Hogg-Dubè syndrome, succinate dehydrogenase-deficient renal cell cancer syndrome, tuberous sclerosis complex, hereditary papillary renal cell carcinoma, fumarate hydratase deficiency syndrome, BAP1 tumor predisposition syndrome, and other uncommon hereditary cancer syndromes. These conditions are characterized by distinct genetic mutations and related extra-renal symptoms. The majority of renal cell carcinoma predispositions stem from loss-of-function mutations in tumor suppressor genes. These mutations promote malignant advancement through the somatic inactivation of the remaining allele. This review aims to elucidate the main molecular mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology of major syndromes associated with renal cell carcinoma. By providing a comprehensive overview, it aims to facilitate early diagnosis and to highlight the principal therapeutic options available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossella Cicchetti
- Department of Medical Oral and Biotechnological Science, Università degli Studi “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (R.C.); (M.B.); (G.L.); (M.M.); (F.T.); (A.O.); (A.D.); (M.M.)
| | - Martina Basconi
- Department of Medical Oral and Biotechnological Science, Università degli Studi “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (R.C.); (M.B.); (G.L.); (M.M.); (F.T.); (A.O.); (A.D.); (M.M.)
| | - Giulio Litterio
- Department of Medical Oral and Biotechnological Science, Università degli Studi “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (R.C.); (M.B.); (G.L.); (M.M.); (F.T.); (A.O.); (A.D.); (M.M.)
| | - Marco Mascitti
- Department of Medical Oral and Biotechnological Science, Università degli Studi “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (R.C.); (M.B.); (G.L.); (M.M.); (F.T.); (A.O.); (A.D.); (M.M.)
| | - Flavia Tamborino
- Department of Medical Oral and Biotechnological Science, Università degli Studi “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (R.C.); (M.B.); (G.L.); (M.M.); (F.T.); (A.O.); (A.D.); (M.M.)
| | - Angelo Orsini
- Department of Medical Oral and Biotechnological Science, Università degli Studi “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (R.C.); (M.B.); (G.L.); (M.M.); (F.T.); (A.O.); (A.D.); (M.M.)
| | - Alessio Digiacomo
- Department of Medical Oral and Biotechnological Science, Università degli Studi “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (R.C.); (M.B.); (G.L.); (M.M.); (F.T.); (A.O.); (A.D.); (M.M.)
| | - Matteo Ferro
- Division of Urology, European Institute of Oncology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), 20141 Milan, Italy;
| | - Luigi Schips
- Department of Medical Oral and Biotechnological Science, Università degli Studi “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (R.C.); (M.B.); (G.L.); (M.M.); (F.T.); (A.O.); (A.D.); (M.M.)
| | - Michele Marchioni
- Department of Medical Oral and Biotechnological Science, Università degli Studi “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (R.C.); (M.B.); (G.L.); (M.M.); (F.T.); (A.O.); (A.D.); (M.M.)
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Dell KM, Hartung EA. Approach to simple kidney cysts in children. Pediatr Nephrol 2024:10.1007/s00467-024-06386-6. [PMID: 38676761 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-024-06386-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
The finding of a simple kidney cyst in a child can pose a diagnostic and management challenge for pediatric nephrologists, urologists, and primary care providers. The reported prevalence varies from 0.22 to 1% in large ultrasonography-based series of more than 10,000 children each. The true prevalence, however, may be higher or lower, as factors such as variations in referral patterns, indications for ultrasonography, or technical considerations could impact prevalence rates. For many patients, simple kidney cysts may be found incidentally when imaging is performed for another indication. Although simple cysts can occur in children, they may also represent the first sign of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) or other less common cystic kidney diseases. Definitive guidelines regarding the evaluation and monitoring of children with simple kidney cysts have not been established. The desire on the part of the practitioner and/or parents to establish a definitive diagnosis should be balanced with the cost and inconvenience of repeated imaging and visits with specialists. The goals of this review are to (1) outline the definition, epidemiology, clinical presentation, and natural history of simple kidney cysts in childhood; (2) describe clinical features that could suggest a diagnosis other than a simple kidney cyst; and (3) present a suggested framework for evaluating and monitoring of children with one or more simple kidney cysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine M Dell
- Section On Pediatric Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Pediatrics, Cleveland Clinic Children's, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| | - Erum A Hartung
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Walker RV, Yao Q, Xu H, Maranto A, Swaney KF, Ramachandran S, Li R, Cassina L, Polster BM, Outeda P, Boletta A, Watnick T, Qian F. Fibrocystin/Polyductin releases a C-terminal fragment that translocates into mitochondria and suppresses cystogenesis. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6513. [PMID: 37845212 PMCID: PMC10579373 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42196-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibrocystin/Polyductin (FPC), encoded by PKHD1, is associated with autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD), yet its precise role in cystogenesis remains unclear. Here we show that FPC undergoes complex proteolytic processing in developing kidneys, generating three soluble C-terminal fragments (ICDs). Notably, ICD15, contains a novel mitochondrial targeting sequence at its N-terminus, facilitating its translocation into mitochondria. This enhances mitochondrial respiration in renal epithelial cells, partially restoring impaired mitochondrial function caused by FPC loss. FPC inactivation leads to abnormal ultrastructural morphology of mitochondria in kidney tubules without cyst formation. Moreover, FPC inactivation significantly exacerbates renal cystogenesis and triggers severe pancreatic cystogenesis in a Pkd1 mouse mutant Pkd1V/V in which cleavage of Pkd1-encoded Polycystin-1 at the GPCR Proteolysis Site is blocked. Deleting ICD15 enhances renal cystogenesis without inducing pancreatic cysts in Pkd1V/V mice. These findings reveal a direct link between FPC and a mitochondrial pathway through ICD15 cleavage, crucial for cystogenesis mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca V Walker
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Qin Yao
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hangxue Xu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Anthony Maranto
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kristen F Swaney
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sreekumar Ramachandran
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Rong Li
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Mechanobiology Institute and Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117411, Singapore
| | - Laura Cassina
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Brian M Polster
- Department of Anesthesiology and Center for Shock, Trauma, and Anesthesiology Research, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Patricia Outeda
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alessandra Boletta
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Terry Watnick
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Feng Qian
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Gallo-Bernal S, Kilcoyne A, Gee MS, Paul E. Cystic kidney disease in tuberous sclerosis complex: current knowledge and unresolved questions. Pediatr Nephrol 2023; 38:3253-3264. [PMID: 36445479 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-022-05820-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is an autosomal dominant disorder with an estimated incidence of one in 5000 to 10,000 live births worldwide. Two million people of all races and genders are estimated to have TSC secondary to mutations in one of two tumor suppressor genes, TSC1 or TSC2. The respective TSC1 and 2 gene products - hamartin and tuberin - form cytoplasmic heterodimers that inhibit mTOR-mediated cell growth and division. When mTOR inhibition is lost, people with TSC develop characteristic and usually benign tumors in various organ systems. Kidney tumors and cysts are common, particularly in the setting of TSC2 gene mutations. In most TSC patients, the number of kidney cysts is limited, their morphology is simple, their size is small, and their clinical significance is negligible. In some, cyst morphology progresses from simple to complex with the risk of malignant transformation. In others, aggressive accumulation and growth of kidney cysts can cause hypertension, impaired kidney function, and progression to kidney failure. This educational review summarizes current knowledge and remaining open questions regarding cystic kidney disease in TSC, emphasizing detection, classification, surveillance, and treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Gallo-Bernal
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Aoife Kilcoyne
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael S Gee
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elahna Paul
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Pietrobon A, Stanford WL. Tuberous Sclerosis Complex Kidney Lesion Pathogenesis: A Developmental Perspective. J Am Soc Nephrol 2023; 34:1135-1149. [PMID: 37060140 PMCID: PMC10356159 DOI: 10.1681/asn.0000000000000146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The phenotypic diversity of tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) kidney pathology is enigmatic. Despite a well-established monogenic etiology, an incomplete understanding of lesion pathogenesis persists. In this review, we explore the question: How do TSC kidney lesions arise? We appraise literature findings in the context of mutational timing and cell-of-origin. Through a developmental lens, we integrate the critical results from clinical studies, human specimens, and genetic animal models. We also review novel insights gleaned from emerging organoid and single-cell sequencing technologies. We present a new model of pathogenesis which posits a phenotypic continuum, whereby lesions arise by mutagenesis during development from variably timed second-hit events. This model can serve as a conceptual framework for testing hypotheses of TSC lesion pathogenesis, both in the kidney and in other affected tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Pietrobon
- The Sprott Centre for Stem Cell Research, Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - William L. Stanford
- The Sprott Centre for Stem Cell Research, Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Devlin L, Dhondurao Sudhindar P, Sayer JA. Renal ciliopathies: promising drug targets and prospects for clinical trials. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2023; 27:325-346. [PMID: 37243567 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2023.2218616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Renal ciliopathies represent a collection of genetic disorders characterized by deficiencies in the biogenesis, maintenance, or functioning of the ciliary complex. These disorders, which encompass autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD), and nephronophthisis (NPHP), typically result in cystic kidney disease, renal fibrosis, and a gradual deterioration of kidney function, culminating in kidney failure. AREAS COVERED Here we review the advances in basic science and clinical research into renal ciliopathies which have yielded promising small compounds and drug targets, within both preclinical studies and clinical trials. EXPERT OPINION Tolvaptan is currently the sole approved treatment option available for ADPKD patients, while no approved treatment alternatives exist for ARPKD or NPHP patients. Clinical trials are presently underway to evaluate additional medications in ADPKD and ARPKD patients. Based on preclinical models, other potential therapeutic targets for ADPKD, ARPKD, and NPHP look promising. These include molecules targeting fluid transport, cellular metabolism, ciliary signaling and cell-cycle regulation. There is a real and urgent clinical need for translational research to bring novel treatments to clinical use for all forms of renal ciliopathies to reduce kidney disease progression and prevent kidney failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Devlin
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Praveen Dhondurao Sudhindar
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - John A Sayer
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
- Renal Services, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
- NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
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Mechanism of cystogenesis by Cd79a-driven, conditional mTOR activation in developing mouse nephrons. Sci Rep 2023; 13:508. [PMID: 36627370 PMCID: PMC9832032 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-27766-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is a common genetic disorder arising from developmental and postnatal processes. Defects in primary cilia and their signaling (eg, mTOR) underlie the pathogenesis. However, how mTOR regulates tubular integrity remains unclear. The paucity of faithful models has limited our understanding of pathogenesis and, therefore, the refinement of therapeutic targets. To understand the role of mTOR in early cystogenesis, we studied an in-house mouse model, Cd79a-Cre;Tsc1ff. (Cd79a-Tsc1 KO hereafter), recapitulating human autosomal-dominant PKD histology. Cre-mediated Tsc1 depletion driven by the promoter for Cd79a, a known B-cell receptor, activated mTORC1 exclusively along the distal nephron from embryonic day 16 onward. Cysts appeared in the distal nephron at 1 weeks of age and mice developed definite PKD by 4 weeks. Cd79a-Tsc1 KO tubule cells proliferated at a rate comparable to controls after birth but continued to divide even after postnatal day 14 when tubulogenesis is normally completed. Apoptosis occurred only after 9 weeks. During postnatal days 7-11, pre-cystic Cd79a-Tsc1 KO tubule cells showed cilia elongation, aberrant cell intercalation, and mitotic division, suggesting that defective cell planar polarity (PCP) may underlie cystogenesis. mTORC1 was activated in a portion of cyst-lining cells and occasionally even when Tsc1 was not depleted, implying a non-autonomous mechanism. Our results indicate that mTORC1 overactivation in developing distal tubules impairs their postnatal narrowing by disrupting morphogenesis, which orients an actively proliferating cell toward the elongating axis. The interplay between mTOR and cilium signaling, which coordinate cell proliferation with PCP, may be essential for cystogenesis.
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Bakaj I, Pocai A. Metabolism-based approaches for autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1126055. [PMID: 36876046 PMCID: PMC9980902 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1126055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD) leads to end stage kidney disease (ESKD) through the development and expansion of multiple cysts throughout the kidney parenchyma. An increase in cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) plays an important role in generating and maintaining fluid-filled cysts because cAMP activates protein kinase A (PKA) and stimulates epithelial chloride secretion through the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). A vasopressin V2 receptor antagonist, Tolvaptan, was recently approved for the treatment of ADPKD patients at high risk of progression. However additional treatments are urgently needed due to the poor tolerability, the unfavorable safety profile, and the high cost of Tolvaptan. In ADPKD kidneys, alterations of multiple metabolic pathways termed metabolic reprogramming has been consistently reported to support the growth of rapidly proliferating cystic cells. Published data suggest that upregulated mTOR and c-Myc repress oxidative metabolism while enhancing glycolytic flux and lactic acid production. mTOR and c-Myc are activated by PKA/MEK/ERK signaling so it is possible that cAMPK/PKA signaling will be upstream regulators of metabolic reprogramming. Novel therapeutics opportunities targeting metabolic reprogramming may avoid or minimize the side effects that are dose limiting in the clinic and improve on the efficacy observed in human ADPKD with Tolvaptan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivona Bakaj
- Cardiovascular and Metabolism, Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, PA, United States
| | - Alessandro Pocai
- Cardiovascular and Metabolism, Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, PA, United States
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Walker RV, Maranto A, Palicharla VR, Hwang SH, Mukhopadhyay S, Qian F. Cilia-Localized Counterregulatory Signals as Drivers of Renal Cystogenesis. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:936070. [PMID: 35832738 PMCID: PMC9272769 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.936070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary cilia play counterregulatory roles in cystogenesis-they inhibit cyst formation in the normal renal tubule but promote cyst growth when the function of polycystins is impaired. Key upstream cilia-specific signals and components involved in driving cystogenesis have remained elusive. Recent studies of the tubby family protein, Tubby-like protein 3 (TULP3), have provided new insights into the cilia-localized mechanisms that determine cyst growth. TULP3 is a key adapter of the intraflagellar transport complex A (IFT-A) in the trafficking of multiple proteins specifically into the ciliary membrane. Loss of TULP3 results in the selective exclusion of its cargoes from cilia without affecting their extraciliary pools and without disrupting cilia or IFT-A complex integrity. Epistasis analyses have indicated that TULP3 inhibits cystogenesis independently of the polycystins during kidney development but promotes cystogenesis in adults when polycystins are lacking. In this review, we discuss the current model of the cilia-dependent cyst activation (CDCA) mechanism in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) and consider the possible roles of ciliary and extraciliary polycystins in regulating CDCA. We then describe the limitations of this model in not fully accounting for how cilia single knockouts cause significant cystic changes either in the presence or absence of polycystins. Based on available data from TULP3/IFT-A-mediated differential regulation of cystogenesis in kidneys with deletion of polycystins either during development or in adulthood, we hypothesize the existence of cilia-localized components of CDCA (cCDCA) and cilia-localized cyst inhibition (CLCI) signals. We develop the criteria for cCDCA/CLCI signals and discuss potential TULP3 cargoes as possible cilia-localized components that determine cystogenesis in kidneys during development and in adult mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca V. Walker
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Anthony Maranto
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | | | - Sun-Hee Hwang
- Department of Cell Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Saikat Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Cell Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Feng Qian
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
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Kumar P, Zadjali F, Yao Y, Köttgen M, Hofherr A, Gross KW, Mehta D, Bissler JJ. Single Gene Mutations in Pkd1 or Tsc2 Alter Extracellular Vesicle Production and Trafficking. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11050709. [PMID: 35625437 PMCID: PMC9139108 DOI: 10.3390/biology11050709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Extracellular vesicles shed from primary cilia may be involved in renal cystogenesis. The disruption of the Pkd1 gene in our cell culture system increased the production of EVs in a similar way that occurs when the Tsc2 gene is disrupted. Disruption of the primary cilia depresses EV production, and this may be the reason that the combined Kif3A/Pkd1 mutant mouse has a less severe phenotype than the Pkd1 mutant alone. We initiated studies aimed at understanding the renal trafficking of renally-derived EVs and found that single gene disruptions can alter the EV kinetics based on dye tracking studies. These results raise the possibility that EV features, such as cargo, dose, tissue half-life, and targeting, may be involved in the disease process, and these features may also be fertile targets for diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic investigation. Abstract Patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) and tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) are born with normal or near-normal kidneys that later develop cysts and prematurely lose function. Both renal cystic diseases appear to be mediated, at least in part, by disease-promoting extracellular vesicles (EVs) that induce genetically intact cells to participate in the renal disease process. We used centrifugation and size exclusion chromatography to isolate the EVs for study. We characterized the EVs using tunable resistive pulse sensing, dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy, and Western blot analysis. We performed EV trafficking studies using a dye approach in both tissue culture and in vivo studies. We have previously reported that loss of the Tsc2 gene significantly increased EV production and here demonstrate that the loss of the Pkd1 gene also significantly increases EV production. Using a cell culture system, we also show that loss of either the Tsc2 or Pkd1 gene results in EVs that exhibit an enhanced uptake by renal epithelial cells and a prolonged half-life. Loss of the primary cilia significantly reduces EV production in renal collecting duct cells. Cells that have a disrupted Pkd1 gene produce EVs that have altered kinetics and a prolonged half-life, possibly impacting the duration of the EV cargo effect on the recipient cell. These results demonstrate the interplay between primary cilia and EVs and support a role for EVs in polycystic kidney disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Kumar
- Department of Pediatrics, Le Bonheur Children’s Hospital, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38103, USA; (P.K.); (F.Z.); (Y.Y.)
- Children’s Foundation Research Institute (CFRI), Le Bonheur Children’s Hospital, Memphis, TN 38103, USA
- US FDA National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA;
| | - Fahad Zadjali
- Department of Pediatrics, Le Bonheur Children’s Hospital, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38103, USA; (P.K.); (F.Z.); (Y.Y.)
- Children’s Foundation Research Institute (CFRI), Le Bonheur Children’s Hospital, Memphis, TN 38103, USA
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat 123, Oman
| | - Ying Yao
- Department of Pediatrics, Le Bonheur Children’s Hospital, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38103, USA; (P.K.); (F.Z.); (Y.Y.)
- Children’s Foundation Research Institute (CFRI), Le Bonheur Children’s Hospital, Memphis, TN 38103, USA
| | - Michael Köttgen
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (M.K.); (A.H.)
- CIBSS—Centre for Integrative Biological Signaling Studies, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Alexis Hofherr
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (M.K.); (A.H.)
| | - Kenneth W. Gross
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA;
| | - Darshan Mehta
- US FDA National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA;
| | - John J. Bissler
- Department of Pediatrics, Le Bonheur Children’s Hospital, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38103, USA; (P.K.); (F.Z.); (Y.Y.)
- Children’s Foundation Research Institute (CFRI), Le Bonheur Children’s Hospital, Memphis, TN 38103, USA
- Pediatric Medicine Department, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
- Correspondence:
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Katsianou MA, Papavassiliou KA, Gargalionis AN, Agrogiannis G, Korkolopoulou P, Panagopoulos D, Themistocleous MS, Piperi C, Basdra EK, Papavassiliou AG. Polycystin‐1 regulates cell proliferation and migration through AKT/mTORC2 pathway in a human craniosynostosis cell model. J Cell Mol Med 2022; 26:2428-2437. [PMID: 35285136 PMCID: PMC8995461 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Craniosynostosis is the premature fusion of skull sutures and has a severe pathological impact on childrens’ life. Mechanical forces are capable of triggering biological responses in bone cells and regulate osteoblastogenesis in cranial sutures, leading to premature closure. The mechanosensitive proteins polycystin‐1 (PC1) and polycystin‐2 (PC2) have been documented to play an important role in craniofacial proliferation and development. Herein, we investigated the contribution of PC1 to the pathogenesis of non‐syndromic craniosynostosis and the associated molecular mechanisms. Protein expression of PC1 and PC2 was detected in bone fragments derived from craniosynostosis patients via immunohistochemistry. To explore the modulatory role of PC1 in primary cranial suture cells, we further abrogated the function of PC1 extracellular mechanosensing domain using a specific anti‐PC1 IgPKD1 antibody. Effect of IgPKD1 treatment was evaluated with cell proliferation and migration assays. Activation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway components was further detected via Western blot in primary cranial suture cells following IgPKD1 treatment. PC1 and PC2 are expressed in human tissues of craniosynostosis. PC1 functional inhibition resulted in elevated proliferation and migration of primary cranial suture cells. PC1 inhibition also induced activation of AKT, exhibiting elevated phospho (p)‐AKT (Ser473) levels, but not 4EBP1 or p70S6K activation. Our findings indicate that PC1 may act as a mechanosensing molecule in cranial sutures by modulating osteoblastic cell proliferation and migration through the PC1/AKT/mTORC2 cascade with a potential impact on the development of non‐syndromic craniosynostosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A. Katsianou
- Department of Biological Chemistry Medical School National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Athens Greece
| | - Kostas A. Papavassiliou
- Department of Biological Chemistry Medical School National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Athens Greece
| | - Antonios N. Gargalionis
- Department of Biological Chemistry Medical School National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Athens Greece
| | - George Agrogiannis
- First Department of Pathology Medical School National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Athens Greece
| | - Penelope Korkolopoulou
- First Department of Pathology Medical School National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Athens Greece
| | | | | | - Christina Piperi
- Department of Biological Chemistry Medical School National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Athens Greece
| | - Efthimia K. Basdra
- Department of Biological Chemistry Medical School National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Athens Greece
| | - Athanasios G. Papavassiliou
- Department of Biological Chemistry Medical School National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Athens Greece
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12
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ADULT DOMINANT POLYCYSTIC KIDNEY DISEASE: A PROTOTYPICAL DISEASE FOR PHARMANUTRITION INTERVENTIONS. PHARMANUTRITION 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2022.100294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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13
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Madhivanan K, Ramadesikan S, Hsieh WC, Aguilar MC, Hanna CB, Bacallao RL, Aguilar RC. Lowe syndrome patient cells display mTOR- and RhoGTPase-dependent phenotypes alleviated by rapamycin and statins. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 29:1700-1715. [PMID: 32391547 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddaa086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Lowe syndrome (LS) is an X-linked developmental disease characterized by cognitive deficiencies, bilateral congenital cataracts and renal dysfunction. Unfortunately, this disease leads to the early death of affected children often due to kidney failure. Although this condition was first described in the early 1950s and the affected gene (OCRL1) was identified in the early 1990s, its pathophysiological mechanism is not fully understood and there is no LS-specific cure available to patients. Here we report two important signaling pathways affected in LS patient cells. While RhoGTPase signaling abnormalities led to adhesion and spreading defects as compared to normal controls, PI3K/mTOR hyperactivation interfered with primary cilia assembly (scenario also observed in other ciliopathies with compromised kidney function). Importantly, we identified two FDA-approved drugs able to ameliorate these phenotypes. Specifically, statins mitigated adhesion and spreading abnormalities while rapamycin facilitated ciliogenesis in LS patient cells. However, no single drug was able to alleviate both phenotypes. Based on these and other observations, we speculate that Ocrl1 has dual, independent functions supporting proper RhoGTPase and PI3K/mTOR signaling. Therefore, this study suggest that Ocrl1-deficiency leads to signaling defects likely to require combinatorial drug treatment to suppress patient phenotypes and symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayalvizhi Madhivanan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, Hansen Life Sciences Building, Room 321, 201 S. University street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Swetha Ramadesikan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, Hansen Life Sciences Building, Room 321, 201 S. University street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Wen-Chieh Hsieh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, Hansen Life Sciences Building, Room 321, 201 S. University street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Mariana C Aguilar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, Hansen Life Sciences Building, Room 321, 201 S. University street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Claudia B Hanna
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, Hansen Life Sciences Building, Room 321, 201 S. University street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Robert L Bacallao
- Division of Nephrology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 340 W 10th St #6200, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - R Claudio Aguilar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, Hansen Life Sciences Building, Room 321, 201 S. University street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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14
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Duong Phu M, Bross S, Burkhalter MD, Philipp M. Limitations and opportunities in the pharmacotherapy of ciliopathies. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 225:107841. [PMID: 33771583 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Ciliopathies are a family of rather diverse conditions, which have been grouped based on the finding of altered or dysfunctional cilia, potentially motile, small cellular antennae extending from the surface of postmitotic cells. Cilia-related disorders include embryonically arising conditions such as Joubert, Usher or Kartagener syndrome, but also afflictions with a postnatal or even adult onset phenotype, i.e. autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. The majority of ciliopathies are syndromic rather than affecting only a single organ due to cilia being found on almost any cell in the human body. Overall ciliopathies are considered rare diseases. Despite that, pharmacological research and the strive to help these patients has led to enormous therapeutic advances in the last decade. In this review we discuss new treatment options for certain ciliopathies, give an outlook on promising future therapeutic strategies, but also highlight the limitations in the development of therapeutic approaches of ciliopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Duong Phu
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, Section of Pharmacogenomics, Eberhard-Karls-University of Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Bross
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, Section of Pharmacogenomics, Eberhard-Karls-University of Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Martin D Burkhalter
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, Section of Pharmacogenomics, Eberhard-Karls-University of Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Melanie Philipp
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, Section of Pharmacogenomics, Eberhard-Karls-University of Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany.
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15
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Pan X, Yang C, Ma S, Wang W, Liu P, Guo Y, Liu Y, Song J, Wu S, Yi L, Wei W, Chen Z. A case of TSC2-PKD1 contiguous deletion syndrome: Clinical features and effective treatment for epilepsy. Int J Dev Neurosci 2021; 81:191-199. [PMID: 33421197 DOI: 10.1002/jdn.10088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycystic kidney disease with Tuberous sclerosis is a disease caused by the deletions of the TSC2-PKD1 gene. The disease is rarely reported and the characterized manifestation is severe polycystic kidney growth. The diagnosis can be made by molecular analysis. We report the first case of PKDTS discovered in infancy in China with typical neurological and renal manifestations. The patient has infantile spasm, polycystic kidney, skin damage, hypertension, and hematuria after infection. After effective treatment of Rapamycin, the seizures were completely controlled. There was not been any renal function damage in the patient. At the same time, we review the related literature and further elaborate on the variety of clinical manifestations, treatment, and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Pan
- Pediatric Department, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Chengqing Yang
- Pediatric Department, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Shaochun Ma
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, the Affiliated Qingdao Women & Children's Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Weihong Wang
- Party and Government Office, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Peipei Liu
- Pediatric Department, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Ya Guo
- Pediatric Department, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Yedan Liu
- Pediatric Department, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Jie Song
- Pediatric Department, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Sifei Wu
- Pediatric Department, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Liping Yi
- Pediatric Department, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Wei Wei
- Kangso Medical Inspection Co., Ltd, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Zongbo Chen
- Pediatric Department, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Shandong, P.R. China
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16
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Shao L, El-Jouni W, Kong F, Ramesh J, Kumar RS, Shen X, Ren J, Devendra S, Dorschel A, Wu M, Barrera I, Tabari A, Hu K, Haque N, Yambayev I, Li S, Kumar A, Behera TR, McDonough G, Furuichi M, Xifaras M, Lu T, Alhayaza RM, Miyabayashi K, Fan Q, Ajay AK, Zhou J. Genetic reduction of cilium length by targeting intraflagellar transport 88 protein impedes kidney and liver cyst formation in mouse models of autosomal polycystic kidney disease. Kidney Int 2020; 98:1225-1241. [DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2020.05.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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17
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Targeting AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) for treatment of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. Cell Signal 2020; 73:109704. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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18
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Haumann S, Müller RU, Liebau MC. Metabolic Changes in Polycystic Kidney Disease as a Potential Target for Systemic Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176093. [PMID: 32847032 PMCID: PMC7503958 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Autosomal recessive and autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD, ADPKD) are systemic disorders with pronounced hepatorenal phenotypes. While the main underlying genetic causes of both ARPKD and ADPKD have been well-known for years, the exact molecular mechanisms resulting in the observed clinical phenotypes in the different organs, remain incompletely understood. Recent research has identified cellular metabolic changes in PKD. These findings are of major relevance as there may be an immediate translation into clinical trials and potentially clinical practice. Here, we review important results in the field regarding metabolic changes in PKD and their modulation as a potential target of systemic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Haumann
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany;
| | - Roman-Ulrich Müller
- Department II of Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany;
- CECAD, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Systems Biology of Ageing Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Max C. Liebau
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany;
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-221-478-4359
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19
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Hu J, Harris PC. Regulation of polycystin expression, maturation and trafficking. Cell Signal 2020; 72:109630. [PMID: 32275942 PMCID: PMC7269868 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The major autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) genes, PKD1 and PKD2, are wildly expressed at the organ and tissue level. PKD1 encodes polycystin 1 (PC1), a large membrane associated receptor-like protein that can complex with the PKD2 product, PC2. Various cellular locations have been described for both PC1, including the plasma membrane and extracellular vesicles, and PC2, especially the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), but compelling evidence indicates that the primary cilium, a sensory organelle, is the key site for the polycystin complex to prevent PKD. As with other membrane proteins, the ER biogenesis pathway is key to appropriately folding, performing quality control, and exporting fully folded PC1 to the Golgi apparatus. There is a requirement for binding with PC2 and cleavage of PC1 at the GPS for this folding and export to occur. Six different monogenic defects in this pathway lead to cystic disease development, with PC1 apparently particularly sensitive to defects in this general protein processing pathway. Trafficking of membrane proteins, and the polycystins in particular, through the Golgi to the primary cilium have been analyzed in detail, but at this time, there is no clear consensus on a ciliary targeting sequence required to export proteins to the cilium. After transitioning though the trans-Golgi network, polycystin-bearing vesicles are likely sorted to early or recycling endosomes and then transported to the ciliary base, possibly via docking to transition fibers (TF). The membrane-bound polycystin complex then undergoes facilitated trafficking through the transition zone, the diffusion barrier at the base of the cilium, before entering the cilium. Intraflagellar transport (IFT) may be involved in moving the polycystins along the cilia, but data also indicates other mechanisms. The ciliary polycystin complex can be ubiquitinated and removed from cilia by internalization at the ciliary base and may be sent back to the plasma membrane for recycling or to lysosomes for degradation. Monogenic defects in processes regulating the protein composition of cilia are associated with syndromic disorders involving many organ systems, reflecting the pleotropic role of cilia during development and for tissue maintenance. Many of these ciliopathies have renal involvement, likely because of faulty polycystin signaling from cilia. Understanding the expression, maturation and trafficking of the polycystins helps understand PKD pathogenesis and suggests opportunities for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghua Hu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
| | - Peter C Harris
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
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20
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Mohieldin AM, Pala R, Sherpa RT, Alanazi M, Alanazi A, Shamloo K, Ahsan A, AbouAlaiwi WA, Moresco JJ, Yates JR, Nauli SM. Proteomic Identification Reveals the Role of Ciliary Extracellular-Like Vesicle in Cardiovascular Function. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:1903140. [PMID: 32832346 PMCID: PMC7435257 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201903140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Primary cilia are shown to have membrane swelling, also known as ciliary bulbs. However, the role of these structures and their physiological relevance remains unknown. Here, it is reported that a ciliary bulb has extracellular vesicle (EV)-like characteristics. The ciliary extracellular-like vesicle (cELV) has a unique dynamic movement and can be released by mechanical fluid force. To better identify the cELV, differential multidimensional proteomic analyses are performed on the cELV. A database of 172 cELV proteins is generated, and all that examined are confirmed to be in the cELV. Repressing the expression of these proteins in vitro and in vivo inhibits cELV formation. In addition to the randomized heart looping, hydrocephalus, and cystic kidney in fish, compensated heart contractility is observed in both fish and mouse models. Specifically, low circulation of cELV results in hypotension with compensated heart function, left ventricular hypertrophy, cardiac fibrosis, and arrhythmogenic characteristics, which result in a high mortality rate in mice. Furthermore, the overall ejection fraction, stroke volume, and cardiac output are significantly decreased in mice lacking cELV. It is thus proposed that the cELV as a nanocompartment within a primary cilium plays an important role in cardiovascular functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf M. Mohieldin
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical SciencesChapman UniversityIrvineCA92618USA
| | - Rajasekharreddy Pala
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical SciencesChapman UniversityIrvineCA92618USA
| | - Rinzhin T. Sherpa
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical SciencesChapman UniversityIrvineCA92618USA
| | - Madhawi Alanazi
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical SciencesChapman UniversityIrvineCA92618USA
| | - Ashwaq Alanazi
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical SciencesChapman UniversityIrvineCA92618USA
| | - Kiumars Shamloo
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical SciencesChapman UniversityIrvineCA92618USA
| | - Amir Ahsan
- Department of Physics, Computer Science and EngineeringChapman UniversityOrangeCA92866USA
| | - Wissam A. AbouAlaiwi
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental TherapeuticsUniversity of ToledoToledoOH43614USA
| | - James J. Moresco
- Department of Molecular MedicineThe Scripps Research InstituteLa JollaCA92037USA
| | - John R. Yates
- Department of Molecular MedicineThe Scripps Research InstituteLa JollaCA92037USA
| | - Surya M. Nauli
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical SciencesChapman UniversityIrvineCA92618USA
- Department of MedicineUniversity of California IrvineIrvineCA92868USA
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21
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Cassina L, Boletta A. Metabolic reprogramming in polycystic kidney disease explained by super-enhancers and CDK7: new therapeutic targets? Nat Metab 2020; 2:659-660. [PMID: 32694828 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-020-0232-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Cassina
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Boletta
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
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22
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Reciprocal Regulation between Primary Cilia and mTORC1. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11060711. [PMID: 32604881 PMCID: PMC7349257 DOI: 10.3390/genes11060711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In quiescent cells, primary cilia function as a mechanosensor that converts mechanic signals into chemical activities. This unique organelle plays a critical role in restricting mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling, which is essential for quiescent cells to maintain their quiescence. Multiple mechanisms have been identified that mediate the inhibitory effect of primary cilia on mTORC1 signaling. These mechanisms depend on several tumor suppressor proteins localized within the ciliary compartment, including liver kinase B1 (LKB1), AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), polycystin-1, and polycystin-2. Conversely, changes in mTORC1 activity are able to affect ciliogenesis and stability indirectly through autophagy. In this review, we summarize recent advances in our understanding of the reciprocal regulation of mTORC1 and primary cilia.
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23
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Bonucci M, Kuperwasser N, Barbe S, Koka V, de Villeneuve D, Zhang C, Srivastava N, Jia X, Stokes MP, Bienaimé F, Verkarre V, Lopez JB, Jaulin F, Pontoglio M, Terzi F, Delaval B, Piel M, Pende M. mTOR and S6K1 drive polycystic kidney by the control of Afadin-dependent oriented cell division. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3200. [PMID: 32581239 PMCID: PMC7314806 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16978-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
mTOR activation is essential and sufficient to cause polycystic kidneys in Tuberous Sclerosis Complex (TSC) and other genetic disorders. In disease models, a sharp increase of proliferation and cyst formation correlates with a dramatic loss of oriented cell division (OCD). We find that OCD distortion is intrinsically due to S6 kinase 1 (S6K1) activation. The concomitant loss of S6K1 in Tsc1-mutant mice restores OCD but does not decrease hyperproliferation, leading to non-cystic harmonious hyper growth of kidneys. Mass spectrometry-based phosphoproteomics for S6K1 substrates revealed Afadin, a known component of cell-cell junctions required to couple intercellular adhesions and cortical cues to spindle orientation. Afadin is directly phosphorylated by S6K1 and abnormally decorates the apical surface of Tsc1-mutant cells with E-cadherin and α-catenin. Our data reveal that S6K1 hyperactivity alters centrosome positioning in mitotic cells, affecting oriented cell division and promoting kidney cysts in conditions of mTOR hyperactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Bonucci
- Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, 14 rue Maria Helena Vieira Da Silva, CS, 61431, Paris, France.,Inserm, U1151, Paris, F-75014, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Kuperwasser
- Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, 14 rue Maria Helena Vieira Da Silva, CS, 61431, Paris, France.,Inserm, U1151, Paris, F-75014, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Serena Barbe
- Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, 14 rue Maria Helena Vieira Da Silva, CS, 61431, Paris, France.,Inserm, U1151, Paris, F-75014, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Vonda Koka
- Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, 14 rue Maria Helena Vieira Da Silva, CS, 61431, Paris, France.,Inserm, U1151, Paris, F-75014, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Delphine de Villeneuve
- Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, 14 rue Maria Helena Vieira Da Silva, CS, 61431, Paris, France.,Inserm, U1151, Paris, F-75014, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Chi Zhang
- Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, 14 rue Maria Helena Vieira Da Silva, CS, 61431, Paris, France.,Inserm, U1151, Paris, F-75014, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Nishit Srivastava
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR 144, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Xiaoying Jia
- Cell Signaling Technology INC, 3 Trask Lane, Danvers, MA, 01923, USA
| | - Matthew P Stokes
- Cell Signaling Technology INC, 3 Trask Lane, Danvers, MA, 01923, USA
| | - Frank Bienaimé
- Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, 14 rue Maria Helena Vieira Da Silva, CS, 61431, Paris, France.,Inserm, U1151, Paris, F-75014, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Virginie Verkarre
- Université de Paris, PARCC, INSERM, Equipe Labellisée par la Ligue contre le Cancer, F-75015, Paris, France.,Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP centre), Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Département d'anatomo-pathologie, F-75015, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Marco Pontoglio
- Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, 14 rue Maria Helena Vieira Da Silva, CS, 61431, Paris, France.,Inserm, U1151, Paris, F-75014, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Fabiola Terzi
- Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, 14 rue Maria Helena Vieira Da Silva, CS, 61431, Paris, France.,Inserm, U1151, Paris, F-75014, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Benedicte Delaval
- CRBM, CNRS, Univ. Montpellier, Centrosome, cilia and pathologies Lab, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293, Montpellier, France
| | - Matthieu Piel
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR 144, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Mario Pende
- Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, 14 rue Maria Helena Vieira Da Silva, CS, 61431, Paris, France. .,Inserm, U1151, Paris, F-75014, France. .,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.
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24
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Cao H, Luo J, Zhang Y, Mao X, Wen P, Ding H, Xu J, Sun Q, He W, Dai C, Zen K, Zhou Y, Yang J, Jiang L. Tuberous sclerosis 1 (Tsc1) mediated mTORC1 activation promotes glycolysis in tubular epithelial cells in kidney fibrosis. Kidney Int 2020; 98:686-698. [PMID: 32739207 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2020.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Energy reprogramming to glycolysis is closely associated with the development of chronic kidney disease. As an important negative regulatory factor of the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signal, tuberous sclerosis complex 1 (Tsc1) is also a key regulatory point of glycolysis. Here, we investigated whether Tsc1 could mediate the progression of kidney interstitial fibrosis by regulating glycolysis in proximal tubular epithelial cells. We induced mTORC1 signal activation in tubular epithelial cells in kidneys with fibrosis via unilateral ureteral occlusion. This resulted in increased tubular epithelial cell proliferation and glycolytic enzyme upregulation. Prior incubation with rapamycin inhibited mTORC1 activation and abolished the enhanced glycolysis and tubular epithelial cell proliferation. Furthermore, knockdown of Tsc1 expression promoted glycolysis in the rat kidney epithelial cell line NRK-52E. Specific deletion of Tsc1 in the proximal tubules of mice resulted in enlarged kidneys characterized by a high proportion of proliferative tubular epithelial cells, dilated tubules with cyst formation, and a large area of interstitial fibrosis in conjunction with elevated glycolysis. Treatment of the mice with the glycolysis inhibitor 2-deoxyglucose notably ameliorated tubular epithelial cell proliferation, cystogenesis, and kidney fibrosis. Thus, our findings suggest that Tsc1-associated mTORC1 signaling mediates the progression of kidney interstitial fibrosis by regulating glycolysis in proximal tubular epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongdi Cao
- Center for Kidney Disease, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Luo
- Center for Kidney Disease, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Center for Kidney Disease, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoming Mao
- Center for Kidney Disease, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ping Wen
- Center for Kidney Disease, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hao Ding
- Center for Kidney Disease, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Center for Kidney Disease, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qi Sun
- Center for Kidney Disease, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weichun He
- Center for Kidney Disease, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chunsun Dai
- Center for Kidney Disease, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ke Zen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University Advanced Institute of Life Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Center for Kidney Disease, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Junwei Yang
- Center for Kidney Disease, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Lei Jiang
- Center for Kidney Disease, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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Zhang Q, Wei D, Tan M, Li H, Morgan MA, Sun Y. Transgenic expression of Sag/Rbx2 E3 causes early stage tumor promotion, late stage cytogenesis and acinar loss in the Kras-PDAC model. Neoplasia 2020; 22:242-252. [PMID: 32339950 PMCID: PMC7186265 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2020.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
SAG (Sensitive to Apoptosis Gene), also known as RBX2 or ROC2, is a RING component of CRL (Cullin-RING ligase), required for its activity. Our previous studies showed that Sag/Rbx2 co-operated with Kras or Pten loss to promote tumorigenesis in the lung and prostate, respectively, but antagonized Kras to inhibit skin tumorigenesis, suggesting a tissue/context dependent function of Sag. The role of SAG in KRAS-induced pancreatic tumorigenesis is unknown. In this study, we mined a cancer database and found that SAG is overexpressed in pancreatic cancer tissues and correlates with decreased patient survival. Whether Sag overexpression plays a causal role in pancreatic tumorigenesis is unknown. Here, we reported the generation of Sag transgenic mouse model alone (CS), or in combination with KrasG12D, driven by p48-Cre (KCS mice) for pancreatic specific Sag expression. Sag transgenic expression alone has no phenotypical abnormality, but in combination with KrasG12D promotes ADM (acinar-to-ductal metaplasia) conversion in vitro and mPanIN1 formation in vivo at the early stage, and impairs pancreatic functions at the late stage, as evidenced by poor glucose tolerance and significantly reduced α-Amylase activity, and induction of cytogenesis and acinar cell loss, eventually leading to atrophic pancreata and shortened mouse life-span. Mechanistically, Sag transgenic expression altered several key signaling pathways, particularly inactivation of mTORC1 signaling due to Deptor accumulation, and activation of the antioxidant Nrf2-Nqo1 axis. Thus, Sag plays a stage dependent promotion (early) and fate-changing (late) role during Kras-pancreatic tumorigenesis, likely via regulating its key substrates, which control growth-related signal transduction pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhang
- Division of Radiation and Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, 4424B MS-1, 1301 Catherine Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Dongping Wei
- Division of Radiation and Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, 4424B MS-1, 1301 Catherine Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Mingjia Tan
- Division of Radiation and Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, 4424B MS-1, 1301 Catherine Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Haomin Li
- Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Meredith A Morgan
- Division of Radiation and Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, 4424B MS-1, 1301 Catherine Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Yi Sun
- Division of Radiation and Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, 4424B MS-1, 1301 Catherine Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Cancer Institute of the Second Affiliated Hospital and Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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26
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Margaria JP, Campa CC, De Santis MC, Hirsch E, Franco I. The PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in polycystic kidney disease: A complex interaction with polycystins and primary cilium. Cell Signal 2019; 66:109468. [PMID: 31715259 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2019.109468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Over-activation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR network is a well-known pathogenic event that leads to hyper-proliferation. Pharmacological targeting of this pathway has been developed for the treatment of multiple diseases, including cancer. In polycystic kidney disease (PKD), the mTOR cascade promotes cyst growth by boosting proliferation, size and metabolism of kidney tubule epithelial cells. Therefore, mTOR inhibition has been tested in pre-clinical and clinical studies, but only the former showed positive results. This review reports recent discoveries describing the activity and molecular mechanisms of mTOR activation in tubule epithelial cells and cyst formation and discusses the evidence of an upstream regulation of mTOR by the PI3K/Akt axis. In particular, the complex interconnections of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR network with the principal signaling routes involved in the suppression of cyst formation are dissected. These interactions include the antagonism and the reciprocal negative regulation between mTOR complex 1 and the proteins whose deletion causes Autosomal Dominant PKD, the polycystins. In addition, the emerging role of phopshoinositides, membrane components modulated by PI3K, will be presented in the context of primary cilium signaling, cell polarization and protection from cyst formation. Overall, studies demonstrate that the activity of various members of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR network goes beyond the classical transduction of mitogenic signals and can impact several aspects of kidney tubule homeostasis and morphogenesis. These properties might be useful to guide the establishment of more effective treatment protocols to be tested in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Piero Margaria
- Molecular Biotechnology Center, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino 10126, Italy
| | - Carlo Cosimo Campa
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Maria Chiara De Santis
- Molecular Biotechnology Center, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino 10126, Italy
| | - Emilio Hirsch
- Molecular Biotechnology Center, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino 10126, Italy
| | - Irene Franco
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Center for Innovative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 14157 Huddinge, Sweden.
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27
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Gewin LS, Summers ME, Harral JW, Gaskill CF, Khodo SN, Neelisetty S, Sullivan TM, Hopp K, Reese JJ, Klemm DJ, Kon V, Ess KC, Shi W, Majka SM. Inactivation of Tsc2 in Abcg2 lineage-derived cells drives the appearance of polycystic lesions and fibrosis in the adult kidney. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2019; 317:F1201-F1210. [PMID: 31461347 PMCID: PMC6879939 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00629.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberous sclerosis complex 2 (TSC2), or tuberin, is a pivotal regulator of the mechanistic target of rapamycin signaling pathway that controls cell survival, proliferation, growth, and migration. Loss of Tsc2 function manifests in organ-specific consequences, the mechanisms of which remain incompletely understood. Recent single cell analysis of the kidney has identified ATP-binding cassette G2 (Abcg2) expression in renal proximal tubules of adult mice as well as a in a novel cell population. The impact in adult kidney of Tsc2 knockdown in the Abcg2-expressing lineage has not been evaluated. We engineered an inducible system in which expression of truncated Tsc2, lacking exons 36-37 with an intact 3' region and polycystin 1, is driven by Abcg2. Here, we demonstrate that selective expression of Tsc2fl36-37 in the Abcg2pos lineage drives recombination in proximal tubule epithelial and rare perivascular mesenchymal cells, which results in progressive proximal tubule injury, impaired kidney function, formation of cystic lesions, and fibrosis in adult mice. These data illustrate the critical importance of Tsc2 function in the Abcg2-expressing proximal tubule epithelium and mesenchyme during the development of cystic lesions and remodeling of kidney parenchyma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie S Gewin
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension or Allergy, Department of Medicine, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Hospital, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Megan E Summers
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
| | - Julie W Harral
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
| | - Christa F Gaskill
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension or Allergy, Department of Medicine, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Stellor Nlandu Khodo
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension or Allergy, Department of Medicine, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Surekha Neelisetty
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension or Allergy, Department of Medicine, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Timothy M Sullivan
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Katharina Hopp
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - J Jeffrey Reese
- Division of Nephrology or Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Dwight J Klemm
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Valentina Kon
- Division of Nephrology or Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Kevin C Ess
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Vanderbilt Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Wei Shi
- Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine Program at the Saban Research Institute, Los Angeles, California
| | - Susan M Majka
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
- Gates Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
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28
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Kou P, Wei S, Xiong F. Recent Advances of mTOR Inhibitors Use in Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease: Is the Road Still Open? Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:2962-2973. [PMID: 29600752 DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666180330094434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD), the most common monogenic kidney disease, is caused by mutations in the PKD1, PKD2 or, in a very limited number of families, GANAB genes. Although cellular and molecular mechanisms of this disease have been understood in the past 20 years, specific therapy approaches remain very little. Both experimental and clinical studies show that the mammalian or mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway plays an important role during cyst formation and enlargement in ADPKD. Studies in rodent models of ADPKD showed that mTOR inhibitors had a significant and long-lasting decrease in kidney volume and amelioration in kidney function. In the past over ten years, researchers have been devoting continuously to test mTOR inhibitors efficacy and safety in both preclinical studies and clinical trials in patients with ADPKD. In this review, we will discuss the mTOR pathway thoroughly, mainly focusing on current advances in understanding its role in ADPKD, especially the recent progress of mTOR inhibitors use in preclinical studies and clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Kou
- Department of Nephrology, Wuhan No.1 Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuang Wei
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of Health Ministry, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fei Xiong
- Department of Nephrology, Wuhan No.1 Hospital, Wuhan, China
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29
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The pathobiology of polycystic kidney disease from a metabolic viewpoint. Nat Rev Nephrol 2019; 15:735-749. [PMID: 31488901 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-019-0183-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) affects an estimated 1 in 1,000 people and slowly progresses to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in about half of these individuals. Tolvaptan, a vasopressin 2 receptor blocker, has been approved by regulatory authorities in many countries as a therapy to slow cyst growth, but additional treatments that target dysregulated signalling pathways in cystic kidney and liver are needed. Metabolic reprogramming is a prominent feature of cystic cells and a potentially important contributor to the pathophysiology of ADPKD. A number of pathways previously implicated in the pathogenesis of the disease, such as dysregulated mTOR and primary ciliary signalling, have roles in metabolic regulation and may exert their effects through this mechanism. Some of these pathways are amenable to manipulation through dietary modifications or drug therapies. Studies suggest that polycystin-1 and polycystin-2, which are encoded by PKD1 and PKD2, respectively (the genes that are mutated in >99% of patients with ADPKD), may in part affect cellular metabolism through direct effects on mitochondrial function. Mitochondrial dysfunction could alter the redox state and cellular levels of acetyl-CoA, resulting in altered histone acetylation, gene expression, cytoskeletal architecture and response to cellular stress, and in an immunological response that further promotes cyst growth and fibrosis.
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30
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The Autophagy-Cilia Axis: An Intricate Relationship. Cells 2019; 8:cells8080905. [PMID: 31443299 PMCID: PMC6721705 DOI: 10.3390/cells8080905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary cilia are microtubule-based organelles protruding from the surface of almost all vertebrate cells. This organelle represents the cell’s antenna which acts as a communication hub to transfer extracellular signals into intracellular responses during development and in tissue homeostasis. Recently, it has been shown that loss of cilia negatively regulates autophagy, the main catabolic route of the cell, probably utilizing the autophagic machinery localized at the peri-ciliary compartment. On the other side, autophagy influences ciliogenesis in a context-dependent manner, possibly to ensure that the sensing organelle is properly formed in a feedback loop model. In this review we discuss the recent literature and propose that the autophagic machinery and the ciliary proteins are functionally strictly related to control both autophagy and ciliogenesis. Moreover, we report examples of diseases associated with autophagic defects which cause cilia abnormalities, and propose and discuss the hypothesis that, at least some of the clinical manifestations observed in human diseases associated to ciliary disfunction may be the result of a perturbed autophagy.
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31
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Yang B, Fu L, Privratsky JR, Lu X, Ren J, Mei C, Crowley SD. Interleukin-1 receptor activation aggravates autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease by modulating regulated necrosis. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2019; 317:F221-F228. [PMID: 31141402 PMCID: PMC6732457 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00104.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is associated with increased chemokines, cytokines, and growth factors in the diseased kidney. We found that both isoforms of IL-1, IL-1α and IL-1β, were upregulated in ADPKD tissues. Here, we used a unique murine ADPKD model with selective deletion of polycystin-1 (pkd1) in the kidney (KPKD1) to study the role of IL-1 signaling in ADPKD progression. In KPKD mice, genetic deletion of the IL-1 receptor [IL-1 receptor (IL-1R) knockout (KO)] prolongs survival and attenuates cyst volume. Compared with IL-1R wild-type KPKD1 kidneys, IL-1R KO KPKD1 kidneys have upregulated TNF-α gene expression, with consequent elevations in markers for TNF-dependent regulated necrosis. We further observed that regulated necrosis was increased in ADPKD tissues from both humans and mice. To confirm that enhanced necroptosis is protective in ADPKD, we treated KPKD1 mice with an inhibitor of regulated necrosis (Nec-1). Regulated necrosis suppression augments kidney weights, suggesting that regulated necrosis is required to limit kidney growth in ADPKD. Thus, IL-1R activation drives ADPKD progression by paradoxically limiting regulated necrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yang
- Division of Nephrology, Kidney Institution of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Changzheng Hospital , Shanghai , China
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine , Durham, North Carolina
| | - Lili Fu
- Division of Nephrology, Kidney Institution of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Changzheng Hospital , Shanghai , China
| | - Jamie R Privratsky
- Department of Anesthesiology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine , Durham, North Carolina
| | - Xiaohan Lu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine , Durham, North Carolina
| | - Jiafa Ren
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine , Durham, North Carolina
| | - Changlin Mei
- Division of Nephrology, Kidney Institution of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Changzheng Hospital , Shanghai , China
| | - Steven D Crowley
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine , Durham, North Carolina
- Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Durham, North Carolina
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32
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Role of PKR in the Inhibition of Proliferation and Translation by Polycystin-1. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:5320747. [PMID: 31341901 PMCID: PMC6612395 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5320747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is mainly caused by mutations in the PKD1 (~85%) or PKD2 (~15%) gene which, respectively, encode polycystin-1 (PC1) and polycystin-2 (PC2). How PC1 regulates cell proliferation and apoptosis has been studied for decades but the underlying mechanisms remain controversial. Protein kinase RNA-activated (PKR) is activated by interferons or double-stranded RNAs, inhibits protein translation, and induces cell apoptosis. In a previous study, we found that PC1 reduces apoptosis through suppressing the PKR/eIF2α signaling. Whether and how PKR is involved in PC1-inhibited proliferation and protein synthesis remains unknown. Here we found that knockdown of PKR abolishes PC1-inhibited proliferation and translation. Because suppressed PKR-eIF2α signaling/activity by PC1 would stimulate, rather than inhibit, the proliferation and translation, we examined the effect of dominant negative PKR mutant K296R that has no kinase activity and found that it enhances the inhibition of proliferation and translation by PC1. Thus, our study showed that inhibition of cell proliferation and protein synthesis by PC1 is mediated by the total expression but not the kinase activity of PKR, possibly through physical association.
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Wang W, Geng X, Lei L, Jia Y, Li Y, Zhou H, Verkman AS, Yang B. Aquaporin-3 deficiency slows cyst enlargement in experimental mouse models of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. FASEB J 2019; 33:6185-6196. [PMID: 30768374 PMCID: PMC6463927 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201801338rrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Human autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is characterized by bilateral renal cysts that lead to a decline in kidney function. Previous studies reported aquaporin (AQP)-3 expression in cysts derived from collecting ducts in ADPKD. To study the role of AQP3 in cyst development, we generated 2 polycystic kidney disease (PKD) mouse models: kidney-specific Pkd1 knockout mice and inducible Pkd1 knockout mice, each without and with AQP3 deletion. In both models, kidney sizes and cyst indexes were significantly reduced in AQP3-null PKD mice compared with AQP3-expressing PKD mice, with the difference seen mainly in collecting duct cysts. AQP3-deficient kidneys showed significantly reduced ATP content, increased phosphorylated (p)-AMPK, and decreased p-ERK and p-mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). In a matrix-grown Madin-Darby canine kidney cyst model, AQP3 expression promoted cyst enlargement and was associated with increased expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1-α and glucose transporter 1 and increased glucose uptake. Our data suggest that the slowed renal cyst enlargement in AQP3 deficiency involves impaired energy metabolism in the kidney through AMPK and mTOR signaling and impaired cellular glucose uptake. These findings implicate AQP3 as a novel determinant of renal cyst enlargement and hence a potential drug target in ADPKD.-Wang, W., Geng, X., Lei, L., Jia, Y., Li, Y., Zhou, H., Verkman, A. S., Yang, B. Aquaporin-3 deficiency slows cyst enlargement in experimental mouse models of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiling Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Beijing, China
- Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Geng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Lei
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Beijing, China
| | - Yingli Jia
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Beijing, China
| | - Yingjie Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Beijing, China
| | - Alan S. Verkman
- Department of Medicine, University of California–San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Physiology, University of California–San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Baoxue Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
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34
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Wu Z, Wu H, Md S, Yu G, Habib SL, Li B, Li J. Tsc1 ablation in Prx1 and Osterix lineages causes renal cystogenesis in mouse. Sci Rep 2019; 9:837. [PMID: 30696882 PMCID: PMC6351533 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37139-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberous Sclerosis Complex (TSC) is caused by mutations in TSC1 or TSC2, which encode negative regulators of the mTOR signaling pathway. The renal abnormalities associated with TSC include angiomyolipoma, cysts, and renal cell carcinoma. Here we report that specific ablation of Tsc1 using the mesenchymal stem cell-osteoblast lineage markers induced cystogenesis in mice. Using Rosa-tdTomato mice, we found that Prx1- or Dermo1-labeled cells were present in the nephron including glomerulus but they were not stained by markers for podocytes, mesangial cells, endothelial cells, or proximal or loop of Henle tubular cells, while Osx is known to label tubular cells. Tsc1 deficiency in Prx1 lineage cells caused development of mild cysts that were positive only for Tamm-Horsfall protein (THP), a loop of Henle marker, while Tsc1 deficiency in Osx lineage cells caused development of cysts that were positive for Villin, a proximal tubular cell marker. On the other hand, Tsc1 deficiency in the Dermo1 lineage did not produce detectable phenotypical changes in the kidney. Cyst formation in Prx1-Cre; Tsc1f/f and Osx-Cre; Tsc1f/f mice were associated with increase in both proliferative and apoptotic cells in the affected tissue and were largely suppressed by rapamycin. These results suggest that Prx1 and Osx lineages cells may contribute to renal cystogenesis in TSC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixiang Wu
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Hongguang Wu
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Shafiquzzaman Md
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Guo Yu
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Samy L Habib
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Baojie Li
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, XinHua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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35
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Bissler JJ, Zadjali F, Bridges D, Astrinidis A, Barone S, Yao Y, Redd JR, Siroky BJ, Wang Y, Finley JT, Rusiniak ME, Baumann H, Zahedi K, Gross KW, Soleimani M. Tuberous sclerosis complex exhibits a new renal cystogenic mechanism. Physiol Rep 2019; 7:e13983. [PMID: 30675765 PMCID: PMC6344348 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a tumor predisposition syndrome with significant renal cystic and solid tumor disease. While the most common renal tumor in TSC, the angiomyolipoma, exhibits a loss of heterozygosity associated with disease, we have discovered that the renal cystic epithelium is composed of type A intercalated cells that have an intact Tsc gene that have been induced to exhibit Tsc-mutant disease phenotype. This mechanism appears to be different than that for ADPKD. The murine models described here closely resemble the human disease and both appear to be mTORC1 inhibitor responsive. The induction signaling driving cystogenesis may be mediated by extracellular vesicle trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- John J. Bissler
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Tennessee Health Science Center and Le Bonheur Children's HospitalMemphisTennessee
- St. Jude Children's Research HospitalMemphisTennessee
| | - Fahad Zadjali
- Department of Clinical BiochemistryCollege of Medicine & Health SciencesSultan Qaboos UniversityMuscatOman
| | - Dave Bridges
- Department of Nutritional SciencesUniversity of Michigan School of Public HealthAnn ArborMichigan
| | - Aristotelis Astrinidis
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Tennessee Health Science Center and Le Bonheur Children's HospitalMemphisTennessee
| | - Sharon Barone
- Departments of MedicineUniversity of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiOhio
- Center on Genetics of TransportUniversity of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiOhio
- Research ServicesVeterans Affairs Medical CenterCincinnatiOhio
| | - Ying Yao
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Tennessee Health Science Center and Le Bonheur Children's HospitalMemphisTennessee
| | - JeAnna R. Redd
- Department of Nutritional SciencesUniversity of Michigan School of Public HealthAnn ArborMichigan
| | - Brian J. Siroky
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiOhio
| | - Yanqing Wang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular BiologyRoswell Park Cancer InstituteBuffaloNew York
| | - Joel T. Finley
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Tennessee Health Science Center and Le Bonheur Children's HospitalMemphisTennessee
| | - Michael E. Rusiniak
- Department of Molecular and Cellular BiologyRoswell Park Cancer InstituteBuffaloNew York
| | - Heinz Baumann
- Department of Molecular and Cellular BiologyRoswell Park Cancer InstituteBuffaloNew York
| | - Kamyar Zahedi
- Departments of MedicineUniversity of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiOhio
- Center on Genetics of TransportUniversity of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiOhio
- Research ServicesVeterans Affairs Medical CenterCincinnatiOhio
| | - Kenneth W. Gross
- Department of Molecular and Cellular BiologyRoswell Park Cancer InstituteBuffaloNew York
| | - Manoocher Soleimani
- Departments of MedicineUniversity of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiOhio
- Center on Genetics of TransportUniversity of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiOhio
- Research ServicesVeterans Affairs Medical CenterCincinnatiOhio
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36
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Drusian L, Boletta A. mTORC1-driven accumulation of the oncometabolite fumarate as a potential critical step in renal cancer progression. Mol Cell Oncol 2018; 6:1537709. [PMID: 30788416 PMCID: PMC6370368 DOI: 10.1080/23723556.2018.1537709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Modeling renal cancer in the mouse has been challenging. We recently showed that upregulation of mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) in a restricted segment of the renal tubule leads to downregulation of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle enzyme fumarate hydratase, to accumulation of the oncometabolite fumarate, and gradual transformation from benign cysts into cystadenomas and papillary carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Drusian
- Molecular Basis of Cystic Kidney Disorders Unit, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Program in Biology and Biotherapy of Cancer, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Boletta
- Molecular Basis of Cystic Kidney Disorders Unit, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
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37
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Janssens P, Van Hoeve K, De Waele L, De Rechter S, Claes KJ, Van de Perre E, Wissing KM, Bammens B, Jansen A, Mekahli D. Renal progression factors in young patients with tuberous sclerosis complex: a retrospective cohort study. Pediatr Nephrol 2018; 33:2085-2093. [PMID: 29987458 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-018-4003-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Renal pathology in tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is characterized by the growth of angiomyolipoma and renal cysts, and in rare cases renal cell carcinoma. Other consequences of renal involvement in TSC, including hypertension, proteinuria, and hyperfiltration, are not well studied. We aimed to analyze the early manifestations of the renal TSC phenotype in a young TSC cohort and to explore common, modifiable risk factors. METHODS In this retrospective cohort study, TSC patients attending the TSC clinics of two tertiary hospitals were included. Data on demographics, history, genotype, kidney function, hematuria, proteinuria, blood pressure, and renal imaging were collected. RESULTS Eighty patients were included, with a median age of 0.8 years (0.0-63.0) at first presentation, and a median follow-up time of 10.2 (0.4-41.0) years. Mutation analysis was available in 64 patients (80%). Renal lesions (cysts or angiomyolipoma) were observed in 55/73 (75%). Thirty-two percent (19/60) were hypertensive, 8/51 (16%) had proteinuria, and 18/71 (25%) had hyperfiltration (median eGFR 154 ml/min/m2). Six (7.5%) patients had developed end stage renal disease at the last follow-up. No association was found between hyperfiltration, hypertension, or proteinuria and CKD ≥ 3. Cox regression showed a significant positive association between the presence of a renal intervention and CKD ≥ 3 (Hazard-Ratio 3.91, P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Besides renal cysts and angiomyolipoma, the modifiable progression factors hypertension, proteinuria, and hyperfiltration occur frequently and early in TSC patients. This represents a preventive treatment target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Janssens
- Department of Nephrology, UZ Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090, Jette, Belgium. .,Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Karen Van Hoeve
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Liesbeth De Waele
- Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Pediatric Neurology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stéphanie De Rechter
- Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Pediatric Nephrology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kathleen J Claes
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Renal Transplantation, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Els Van de Perre
- Department of Nephrology, UZ Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090, Jette, Belgium
| | - Karl Martin Wissing
- Department of Nephrology, UZ Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090, Jette, Belgium
| | - Bert Bammens
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Renal Transplantation, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Anna Jansen
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, UZ Brussel, Brussel, Belgium
| | - Djalila Mekahli
- Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Pediatric Nephrology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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38
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Gargalionis AN, Malakou LS, Adamopoulos C, Piperi C, Theohari I, Nokhbehsaim M, Deschner J, Kokkalis G, Korkolopoulou P, Papadavid E, Papavassiliou AG, Basdra EK. Polycystin-1 downregulation induces ERK-dependent mTOR pathway activation in a cellular model of psoriasis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1864:3468-3476. [PMID: 30077613 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Psoriatic plaques tend to localize to the knees and elbows, areas that are particularly subject to mechanical stress resulting from bending and friction. Moreover, plaques often develop at sites of mechanical trauma or injury (Koebner phenomenon). Nevertheless, mechanotransduction has never been linked to psoriasis. Polycystins (polycystin-1, PC1; polycystin-2, PC2) are mechanosensitive molecules that function as key regulators of cellular mechanosensitivity and mechanotransduction. The aim of this in vitro study was to investigate the role of polycystins in the development of psoriasis. We showed that PC1 knockdown in HaCaT cells led to an elevated mRNA expression of psoriasis-related biomarkers Ki-67, IL-6, TNF-α, VEGF and Bcl-2, while PC1 functional inhibition was accompanied by increased cell proliferation and migration of HaCaT cells. In addition, PC1 knockdown via siRNA in HaCaT cells was followed by activation of critical molecules of the mTOR and MAPK pathways and this mTOR pathway activation was ERK-dependent. Furthermore, loss of PC1 protein expression and elevated levels of activated mTOR substrates were also observed in human samples of psoriatic plaques. Overall, our study suggests that the PC1/ERK/mTOR signaling axis represents a novel potential mechanism in psoriasis pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonios N Gargalionis
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Lina S Malakou
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Christos Adamopoulos
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Christina Piperi
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Irene Theohari
- First Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 'Laikon' General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Marjan Nokhbehsaim
- Section of Experimental Dento-Maxillo-Facial Medicine, Center of Dento-Maxillo-Facial Medicine, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - James Deschner
- Department of Periodontology and Operative Dentistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Georgios Kokkalis
- Second Department of Dermatology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, '?ttikon' General University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Penelope Korkolopoulou
- First Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 'Laikon' General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelia Papadavid
- Second Department of Dermatology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, '?ttikon' General University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Athanasios G Papavassiliou
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
| | - Efthimia K Basdra
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
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Lam HC, Siroky BJ, Henske EP. Renal disease in tuberous sclerosis complex: pathogenesis and therapy. Nat Rev Nephrol 2018; 14:704-716. [DOI: 10.1038/s41581-018-0059-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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40
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Drusian L, Nigro EA, Mannella V, Pagliarini R, Pema M, Costa ASH, Benigni F, Larcher A, Chiaravalli M, Gaude E, Montorsi F, Capitanio U, Musco G, Frezza C, Boletta A. mTORC1 Upregulation Leads to Accumulation of the Oncometabolite Fumarate in a Mouse Model of Renal Cell Carcinoma. Cell Rep 2018; 24:1093-1104.e6. [PMID: 30067967 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.06.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinomas (RCCs) are common cancers diagnosed in more than 350,000 people each year worldwide. Several pathways are de-regulated in RCCs, including mTORC1. However, how mTOR drives tumorigenesis in this context is unknown. The lack of faithful animal models has limited progress in understanding and targeting RCCs. Here, we generated a mouse model harboring the kidney-specific inactivation of Tsc1. These animals develop cysts that evolve into papillae, cystadenomas, and papillary carcinomas. Global profiling confirmed several metabolic derangements previously attributed to mTORC1. Notably, Tsc1 inactivation results in the accumulation of fumarate and in mTOR-dependent downregulation of the TCA cycle enzyme fumarate hydratase (FH). The re-expression of FH in cellular systems lacking Tsc1 partially rescued renal epithelial transformation. Importantly, the mTORC1-FH axis is likely conserved in human RCC specimens. We reveal a role of mTORC1 in renal tumorigenesis, which depends on the oncometabolite fumarate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Drusian
- Molecular Basis of Cystic Kidney Disorders Unit, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; PhD Program in Biology and Biotherapy of Cancer, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Agnese Nigro
- Molecular Basis of Cystic Kidney Disorders Unit, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Valeria Mannella
- Biomolecular NMR Unit, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Pagliarini
- Molecular Basis of Cystic Kidney Disorders Unit, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Monika Pema
- Molecular Basis of Cystic Kidney Disorders Unit, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Ana S H Costa
- MRC, Cancer Unit Cambridge, University of Cambridge, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Box 197, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0XZ, UK
| | - Fabio Benigni
- Urological Research Institute (URI), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Larcher
- Department of Urology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Chiaravalli
- Molecular Basis of Cystic Kidney Disorders Unit, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Edoardo Gaude
- MRC, Cancer Unit Cambridge, University of Cambridge, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Box 197, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0XZ, UK
| | - Francesco Montorsi
- Urological Research Institute (URI), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; Department of Urology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Umberto Capitanio
- Urological Research Institute (URI), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; Department of Urology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanna Musco
- Biomolecular NMR Unit, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Christian Frezza
- MRC, Cancer Unit Cambridge, University of Cambridge, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Box 197, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0XZ, UK
| | - Alessandra Boletta
- Molecular Basis of Cystic Kidney Disorders Unit, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
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41
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Centini R, Tsang M, Iwata T, Park H, Delrow J, Margineantu D, Iritani BM, Gu H, Liggitt HD, Kang J, Kang L, Hockenbery DM, Raftery D, Iritani BM. Loss of Fnip1 alters kidney developmental transcriptional program and synergizes with TSC1 loss to promote mTORC1 activation and renal cyst formation. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0197973. [PMID: 29897930 PMCID: PMC5999084 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0197973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Birt-Hogg-Dube' Syndrome (BHDS) is a rare genetic disorder in humans characterized by skin hamartomas, lung cysts, pneumothorax, and increased risk of renal tumors. BHDS is caused by mutations in the BHD gene, which encodes for Folliculin, a cytoplasmic adapter protein that binds to Folliculin interacting proteins-1 and -2 (Fnip1, Fnip2) as well as the master energy sensor AMP kinase (AMPK). Whereas kidney-specific deletion of the Bhd gene in mice is known to result in polycystic kidney disease (PKD) and renal cell carcinoma, the roles of Fnip1 in renal cell development and function are unclear. In this study, we utilized mice with constitutive deletion of the Fnip1 gene to show that the loss of Fnip1 is sufficient to result in renal cyst formation, which was characterized by decreased AMPK activation, increased mTOR activation, and metabolic hyperactivation. Using RNAseq, we found that Fnip1 disruption resulted in many cellular and molecular changes previously implicated in the development of PKD in humans, including alterations in the expression of ion and amino acid transporters, increased cell adhesion, and increased inflammation. Loss of Fnip1 synergized with Tsc1 loss to hyperactivate mTOR, increase Erk activation, and greatly accelerate the development of PKD. Our results collectively define roles for Fnip1 in regulating kidney development and function, and provide a model for how loss of Fnip1 contributes to PKD and perhaps renal cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Centini
- The Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Mark Tsang
- The Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Terri Iwata
- The Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Heon Park
- The Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey Delrow
- Genomics and Bioinformatics Shared Resources, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Daciana Margineantu
- Clinical Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Brandon M. Iritani
- The Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Haiwei Gu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Mitochondria and Metabolism Center, Northwest Metabolomics Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - H. Denny Liggitt
- The Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Janella Kang
- The Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Lim Kang
- The Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - David M. Hockenbery
- Clinical Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Daniel Raftery
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Mitochondria and Metabolism Center, Northwest Metabolomics Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Brian M. Iritani
- The Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Renal angiomyolipoma (AML) is a common benign tumor of the kidney. The main complication of AML is retroperitoneal hemorrhage caused by AML rupture, which can be severe and life threatening. The risk of AML rupture used to be determined by tumor size. However, these criteria have been challenged by series of clinical studies and case reports, suggesting prediction AML rupture based on tumor size is not always reliable. METHODS The authors searched PubMed using "angiomyolipoma," "AML," and "rupture" and reviewed relevant studies. The authors investigated the risk factors of AML rupture using the retrieved literature. The authors also summarized current modalities to evaluate and manage AML. RESULTS It is established that risk of AML rupture is associated with lesion size. However, genetic abnormality, aneurysm formation, and pregnancy are also risk factors for tumor rupture. Thus, the prediction of AML rupture should be based on a more comprehensive risk assessment system. The management of renal AML and tumor rupture was also discussed in the present paper. CONCLUSION The risk of AML rupture is associated with but not exclusive to lesion size. Any decision to intervene AML must be based on multiple factors including risk, symptoms, and auxiliary findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyang Wang
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong
| | - Xinyuan Li
- Department of Urology, Chongqing Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Linglong Peng
- Department of Urology, Chongqing Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Xin Gou
- Department of Urology, Chongqing Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Fan
- Department of Urology, Chongqing Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing, China
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43
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de Stephanis L, Mangolini A, Servello M, Harris PC, Dell'Atti L, Pinton P, Aguiari G. MicroRNA501-5p induces p53 proteasome degradation through the activation of the mTOR/MDM2 pathway in ADPKD cells. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:6911-6924. [PMID: 29323708 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Cell proliferation and apoptosis are typical hallmarks of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) and cause the development of kidney cysts that lead to end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Many factors, impaired by polycystin complex loss of function, may promote these biological processes, including cAMP, mTOR, and EGFR signaling pathways. In addition, microRNAs (miRs) may also regulate the ADPKD related signaling network and their dysregulation contributes to disease progression. However, the role of miRs in ADPKD pathogenesis has not been fully understood, but also the function of p53 is quite obscure, especially its regulatory contribution on cell proliferation and apoptosis. Here, we describe for the first time that miR501-5p, upregulated in ADPKD cells and tissues, induces the activation of mTOR kinase by PTEN and TSC1 gene repression. The increased activity of mTOR kinase enhances the expression of E3 ubiquitin ligase MDM2 that in turn promotes p53 ubiquitination, leading to its degradation by proteasome machinery in a network involving p70S6K. Moreover, the overexpression of miR501-5p stimulates cell proliferation in kidney cells by the inhibition of p53 function in a mechanism driven by mTOR signaling. In fact, the downregulation of this miR as well as the pharmacological treatment with proteasome and mTOR inhibitors in ADPKD cells reduces cell growth by the activation of apoptosis. Consequently, the stimulation of cell death in ADPKD cells may occur through the inhibition of mTOR/MDM2 signaling and the restoring of p53 function. The data presented here confirm that the impaired mTOR signaling plays an important role in ADPKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia de Stephanis
- Department of Biomedical and Surgical Specialty Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | | | - Miriam Servello
- Department of Biomedical and Surgical Specialty Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.,Unit of Urology, St. Anna Hospital, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Peter C Harris
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
| | | | - Paolo Pinton
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Gianluca Aguiari
- Department of Biomedical and Surgical Specialty Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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44
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Zhu Y, Teng T, Wang H, Guo H, Du L, Yang B, Yin X, Sun Y. Quercetin inhibits renal cyst growth in vitro and via parenteral injection in a polycystic kidney disease mouse model. Food Funct 2018; 9:389-396. [DOI: 10.1039/c7fo01253e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is a common monogenic disease characterized by massive enlargement of fluid-filled cysts in the kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy
- Xuzhou Medical University
- Xuzhou
- China
| | - Tian Teng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy
- Xuzhou Medical University
- Xuzhou
- China
| | - Hu Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy
- Xuzhou Medical University
- Xuzhou
- China
| | - Hao Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy
- Xuzhou Medical University
- Xuzhou
- China
| | - Lei Du
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy
- Xuzhou Medical University
- Xuzhou
- China
| | - Baoxue Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs
- Department of Pharmacology
- School of Basic Medical Sciences
- Peking University
- P.R. China
| | - Xiaoxing Yin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy
- Xuzhou Medical University
- Xuzhou
- China
| | - Ying Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy
- Xuzhou Medical University
- Xuzhou
- China
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45
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Steviol stabilizes polycystin 1 expression and promotes lysosomal degradation of CFTR and β-catenin proteins in renal epithelial cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 94:820-826. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.07.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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46
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Molinari E, Sayer JA. Emerging treatments and personalised medicine for ciliopathies associated with cystic kidney disease. Expert Opin Orphan Drugs 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/21678707.2017.1372282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Molinari
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - John A. Sayer
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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Frazier KS. Species Differences in Renal Development and Associated Developmental Nephrotoxicity. Birth Defects Res 2017; 109:1243-1256. [DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.1088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Siroky BJ, Towbin AJ, Trout AT, Schäfer H, Thamann AR, Agricola KD, Tudor C, Capal J, Dixon BP, Krueger DA, Franz DN. Improvement in Renal Cystic Disease of Tuberous Sclerosis Complex After Treatment with Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Inhibitor. J Pediatr 2017; 187:318-322.e2. [PMID: 28600153 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2017.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Revised: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Renal cysts occur in approximately 50% of patients with tuberous sclerosis complex, but their clinical significance and response to treatment are unknown. Abdominal imaging of 15 patients with tuberous sclerosis complex-associated renal cystic disease who had received mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor therapy for other tuberous sclerosis complex-related indications was evaluated. Reductions in cyst number, sum diameter, and volume were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J Siroky
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH; Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH.
| | - Alexander J Towbin
- Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Andrew T Trout
- Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Hannah Schäfer
- Division of Nephrology, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Anna R Thamann
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Karen D Agricola
- Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Cynthia Tudor
- Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Jamie Capal
- Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Bradley P Dixon
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Darcy A Krueger
- Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - David N Franz
- Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
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Ganoderma triterpenes retard renal cyst development by downregulating Ras/MAPK signaling and promoting cell differentiation. Kidney Int 2017; 92:1404-1418. [PMID: 28709639 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2017.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Revised: 04/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is a common monogenetic disease characterized by the progressive development of renal cysts with further need for effective therapy. Here our aim was to investigate the effect of Ganoderma triterpenes (GT) on the development of kidney cysts. Importantly, GT attenuated cyst development in two mouse models of ADPKD with phenotypes of severe cystic kidney disease. Assays for tubulogenesis showed that GT promoted epithelial tubule formation in MDCK cells, suggesting a possible effect on epithelial cell differentiation. The role of GT in regulating key signaling pathways involved in the pathogenesis of PKD was further investigated by immune blotting. This showed that GT specifically downregulated the activation of the Ras/MAPK signaling pathway both in vitro and in vivo without detectable effect on the mTOR pathway. This mechanism may be involved in GT downregulating intracellular cAMP levels. Screening of 15 monomers purified from GT for their effects on cyst development indicated that CBLZ-7 (ethyl ganoderate C2) had a potent inhibitory effect on cyst development in vitro. Additionally, like GT, CBLZ-7 was able to downregulate forskolin-induced activation of the Ras/MAPK pathway. Thus, GT and its purified monomer CBLZ-7 may be potential therapeutic regents for treating ADPKD.
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Peintner L, Borner C. Role of apoptosis in the development of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). Cell Tissue Res 2017; 369:27-39. [PMID: 28560694 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-017-2628-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is a widespread genetic disorder in the Western world and is characterized by cystogenesis that often leads to end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Mutations in the pkd1 gene, encoding for polycystin-1 (PC1) and its interaction partner pkd2, encoding for polycystin-2 (PC2), are the main drivers of this disease. PC1 and PC2 form a multiprotein membrane complex at cilia sites of the plasma membrane and at intracellular membranes. This complex mediates calcium influx and stimulates various signaling pathways regulating cell survival, proliferation and differentiation. The molecular consequences of pkd1 and pkd2 mutations are still a matter of debate. In particular, the ways in which the cysts are initially formed and progress throughout the disease are unknown. The mechanisms proposed to play a role include enhanced cell proliferation, increased apoptotic cell death and diminished autophagy. In this review, we summarize our current understanding about the contribution of apoptosis to cystogenesis and ADPKD. We present the animal models and the tools and methods that have been created to analyze this process. We also critically review the data that are in favor or against the involvement of apoptosis in disease generation. We argue that apoptosis is probably not the sole driver of cystogenesis but that a cooperative action of cell death, compensatory cell proliferation and perturbed autophagy gradually establish the disease. Finally, we propose novel strategies for uncovering the mode of action of PC1 and PC2 and suggest means by which their dysfunction or loss of expression lead to cystogenesis and ADPKD development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Peintner
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, Albert Ludwigs University of Freiburg, Stefan Meier Strasse 17, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Borner
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, Albert Ludwigs University of Freiburg, Stefan Meier Strasse 17, 79104, Freiburg, Germany. .,Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine, Albert Ludwigs University of Freiburg, Albertstrasse 19a, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.
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