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Ng AWT, McClurg DP, Wesley B, Zamani SA, Black E, Miremadi A, Giger O, Hoopen RT, Devonshire G, Redmond AM, Grehan N, Jammula S, Blasko A, Li X, Aparicio S, Tavaré S, Nowicki-Osuch K, Fitzgerald RC. Disentangling oncogenic amplicons in esophageal adenocarcinoma. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4074. [PMID: 38744814 PMCID: PMC11094127 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47619-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Esophageal adenocarcinoma is a prominent example of cancer characterized by frequent amplifications in oncogenes. However, the mechanisms leading to amplicons that involve breakage-fusion-bridge cycles and extrachromosomal DNA are poorly understood. Here, we use 710 esophageal adenocarcinoma cases with matched samples and patient-derived organoids to disentangle complex amplicons and their associated mechanisms. Short-read sequencing identifies ERBB2, MYC, MDM2, and HMGA2 as the most frequent oncogenes amplified in extrachromosomal DNAs. We resolve complex extrachromosomal DNA and breakage-fusion-bridge cycles amplicons by integrating of de-novo assemblies and DNA methylation in nine long-read sequenced cases. Complex amplicons shared between precancerous biopsy and late-stage tumor, an enrichment of putative enhancer elements and mobile element insertions are potential drivers of complex amplicons' origin. We find that patient-derived organoids recapitulate extrachromosomal DNA observed in the primary tumors and single-cell DNA sequencing capture extrachromosomal DNA-driven clonal dynamics across passages. Prospectively, long-read and single-cell DNA sequencing technologies can lead to better prediction of clonal evolution in esophageal adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvin Wei Tian Ng
- Early Cancer Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XZ, UK
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Ben Wesley
- Irving Institute for Cancer Dynamics, Columbia University, New York, USA
| | - Shahriar A Zamani
- Early Cancer Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XZ, UK
| | - Emily Black
- Early Cancer Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XZ, UK
| | - Ahmad Miremadi
- Department of Histopathology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Olivier Giger
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Rogier Ten Hoopen
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Ginny Devonshire
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Aisling M Redmond
- Early Cancer Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XZ, UK
| | - Nicola Grehan
- Early Cancer Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XZ, UK
| | - Sriganesh Jammula
- Early Cancer Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XZ, UK
| | - Adrienn Blasko
- Early Cancer Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XZ, UK
| | - Xiaodun Li
- Early Cancer Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XZ, UK
| | - Samuel Aparicio
- Department of Molecular Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Simon Tavaré
- Irving Institute for Cancer Dynamics, Columbia University, New York, USA
- Department of Statistics, Columbia University, New York, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, USA
| | - Karol Nowicki-Osuch
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
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2
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Lim H, Gingras MC, Zhao J, Byun J, Castro PD, Tsavachidis S, Hu J, Doddapaneni H, Han Y, Muzny DM, Gibbs RA, Amos CI, Thrift AP. Somatic mutations of esophageal adenocarcinoma: a comparison between Black and White patients. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8988. [PMID: 38637560 PMCID: PMC11026501 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59257-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Esophageal adenocarcinoma is the most common histological subtype of esophageal cancer in Western countries and shows poor prognosis with rapid growth. EAC is characterized by a strong male predominance and racial disparity. EAC is up to fivefold more common among Whites than Blacks, yet Black patients with EAC have poorer survival rates. The racial disparity remains largely unknown, and there is limited knowledge of mutations in EAC regarding racial disparities. We used whole-exome sequencing to show somatic mutation profiles derived from tumor samples from 18 EAC male patients. We identified three molecular subgroups based on the pre-defined esophageal cancer-specific mutational signatures. Group 1 is associated with age and NTHL1 deficiency-related signatures. Group 2 occurs primarily in Black patients and is associated with signatures related to DNA damage from oxidative stress and NTHL1 deficiency-related signatures. Group 3 is associated with defective homologous recombination-based DNA often caused by BRCA mutation in White patients. We observed significantly mutated race related genes (LCE2B in Black, SDR39U1 in White) were (q-value < 0.1). Our findings underscore the possibility of distinct molecular mutation patterns in EAC among different races. Further studies are needed to validate our findings, which could contribute to precision medicine in EAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeyeun Lim
- Section of Epidemiology and Population Science, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Marie-Claude Gingras
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jing Zhao
- Section of Epidemiology and Population Science, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jinyoung Byun
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Patricia D Castro
- Department of Pathology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Spiridon Tsavachidis
- Section of Epidemiology and Population Science, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jianhong Hu
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Harshavardhan Doddapaneni
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yi Han
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Donna M Muzny
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Richard A Gibbs
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Christopher I Amos
- Section of Epidemiology and Population Science, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
- Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, MS: BCM451, Suite 100D, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Aaron P Thrift
- Section of Epidemiology and Population Science, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
- Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, MS: BCM307, Room 621D, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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3
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Romanowicz A, Lukaszewicz-Zajac M, Mroczko B. Exploring Potential Biomarkers in Oesophageal Cancer: A Comprehensive Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4253. [PMID: 38673838 PMCID: PMC11050399 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Oesophageal cancer (OC) is the sixth leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. OC is highly aggressive, primarily due to its late stage of diagnosis and poor prognosis for patients' survival. Therefore, the establishment of new biomarkers that will be measured with non-invasive techniques at low cost is a critical issue in improving the diagnosis of OC. In this review, we summarize several original studies concerning the potential significance of selected chemokines and their receptors, including inflammatory proteins such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein (CRP), hematopoietic growth factors (HGFs), claudins (CLDNs), matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their tissue inhibitors (TIMPs), adamalysines (ADAMs), as well as DNA- and RNA-based biomarkers, in OC. The presented results indicate the significant correlation between the CXCL12, CXCR4, CXCL8/CXCR2, M-CSF, MMP-2, MMP-9 ADAM17, ADAMTS-6, and CLDN7 levels and tumor stage, as well as the clinicopathological parameters of OC, such as the presence of lymph node and/or distant metastases. CXCL12, CXCL8/CXCR2, IL-6, TIMP-2, ADAM9, and ADAMTS-6 were prognostic factors for the overall survival of OC patients. Furthermore, IL-6, CXCR4, CXCL8, and MMP-9 indicate higher diagnostic utility based on the area under the ROC curve (AUC) than well-established OC tumor markers, whereas CLDN18.2 can be used in novel targeted therapies for OC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrianna Romanowicz
- Department of Biochemical Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, ul. Waszyngtona 15a, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland; (A.R.); (B.M.)
| | - Marta Lukaszewicz-Zajac
- Department of Biochemical Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, ul. Waszyngtona 15a, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland; (A.R.); (B.M.)
| | - Barbara Mroczko
- Department of Biochemical Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, ul. Waszyngtona 15a, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland; (A.R.); (B.M.)
- Department of Neurodegeneration Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, ul. Waszyngtona 15a, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland
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4
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O'Neill JR, Yébenes Mayordomo M, Mitulović G, Al Shboul S, Bedran G, Faktor J, Hernychova L, Uhrik L, Gomez-Herranz M, Kocikowski M, Save V, Vojtěšek B, Arends M, Hupp T, Alfaro J. Multi-omic analysis of Esophageal Adenocarcinoma uncovers candidate therapeutic targets and cancer-selective post-transcriptional regulation. Mol Cell Proteomics 2024:100764. [PMID: 38604503 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2024.100764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Efforts to address the poor prognosis associated with esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) have been hampered by a lack of biomarkers to identify early disease and therapeutic targets. Despite extensive efforts to understand the somatic mutations associated with EAC over the past decade, a gap remains in understanding how the atlas of genomic aberrations in this cancer impacts the proteome and which somatic variants are of importance for the disease phenotype. METHODS We performed a quantitative proteomic analysis of 23 EACs and matched adjacent normal esophageal and gastric tissues. We explored the correlation of transcript and protein abundance using tissue-matched RNA-seq and proteomic data from 7 patients and further integrated these data with a cohort of EAC RNA-seq data (n=264 patients), EAC whole-genome sequencing (n=454 patients) and external published datasets. CENTRAL FINDINGS We quantified protein expression from 5879 genes in EAC and patient-matched normal tissues. Several biomarker candidates with EAC-selective expression were identified including the transmembrane protein GPA33. We further verified the EAC-enriched expression of GPA33 in an external cohort of 115 patients and confirm this as an attractive diagnostic and therapeutic target. To further extend the insights gained from our proteomic data, an integrated analysis of protein and RNA expression in EAC and normal tissues revealed several genes with poorly correlated Protein and RNA abundance, suggesting post-transcriptional regulation of protein expression. These outlier genes including SLC25A30, TAOK2, and AGMAT, only rarely demonstrated somatic mutation suggesting post-transcriptional drivers for this EAC-specific phenotype. AGMAT was demonstrated to be over-expressed at the protein level in EAC compared to adjacent normal tissues with an EAC-selective, post-transcriptional mechanism of regulation of protein abundance proposed. CONCLUSIONS By quantitative proteomic analysis we have identified GPA33 as an EAC-selective biomarker. Integrated analysis of proteome, transcriptome, and genome in EAC has revealed several genes with tumor-selective, post-transcriptional regulation of protein expression which may be an exploitable vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Robert O'Neill
- Cambridge Oesophagogastric Centre, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Rd, Cambridge CB2 0QQ
| | - Marcos Yébenes Mayordomo
- International Center for Cancer Vaccine Science (ICCVS), University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland; Institute of Genetics and Cancer (IGC), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Goran Mitulović
- Clinical Department of Laboratory Medicine Proteomics Core Facility, Medical University Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Sofian Al Shboul
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa 13133, Jordan
| | - Georges Bedran
- International Center for Cancer Vaccine Science (ICCVS), University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Jakub Faktor
- International Center for Cancer Vaccine Science (ICCVS), University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | | | - Lukas Uhrik
- Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute: Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Maria Gomez-Herranz
- International Center for Cancer Vaccine Science (ICCVS), University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Mikołaj Kocikowski
- International Center for Cancer Vaccine Science (ICCVS), University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Vicki Save
- Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | | | - Mark Arends
- Edinburgh Pathology, Institute of Genetics and Cancer (IGC), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Ted Hupp
- International Center for Cancer Vaccine Science (ICCVS), University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland; Institute of Genetics and Cancer (IGC), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Javier Alfaro
- International Center for Cancer Vaccine Science (ICCVS), University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
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5
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Jin H, Gulhan DC, Geiger B, Ben-Isvy D, Geng D, Ljungström V, Park PJ. Accurate and sensitive mutational signature analysis with MuSiCal. Nat Genet 2024; 56:541-552. [PMID: 38361034 PMCID: PMC10937379 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-024-01659-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Mutational signature analysis is a recent computational approach for interpreting somatic mutations in the genome. Its application to cancer data has enhanced our understanding of mutational forces driving tumorigenesis and demonstrated its potential to inform prognosis and treatment decisions. However, methodological challenges remain for discovering new signatures and assigning proper weights to existing signatures, thereby hindering broader clinical applications. Here we present Mutational Signature Calculator (MuSiCal), a rigorous analytical framework with algorithms that solve major problems in the standard workflow. Our simulation studies demonstrate that MuSiCal outperforms state-of-the-art algorithms for both signature discovery and assignment. By reanalyzing more than 2,700 cancer genomes, we provide an improved catalog of signatures and their assignments, discover nine indel signatures absent in the current catalog, resolve long-standing issues with the ambiguous 'flat' signatures and give insights into signatures with unknown etiologies. We expect MuSiCal and the improved catalog to be a step towards establishing best practices for mutational signature analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Jin
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Doga C Gulhan
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Benedikt Geiger
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel Ben-Isvy
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David Geng
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Viktor Ljungström
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Peter J Park
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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6
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Bozzarelli I, Orsini A, Isidori F, Mastracci L, Malvi D, Lugaresi M, Fittipaldi S, Gozzellino L, Astolfi A, Räsänen J, D’Errico A, Rosati R, Fiocca R, Seri M, Krishnadath KK, Bonora E, Mattioli S. miRNA-221 and miRNA-483-3p Dysregulation in Esophageal Adenocarcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:591. [PMID: 38339342 PMCID: PMC10854562 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16030591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Alterations in microRNA (miRNA) expression have been reported in different cancers. We assessed the expression of 754 oncology-related miRNAs in esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) samples and evaluated their correlations with clinical parameters. We found that miR-221 and 483-3p were consistently upregulated in EAC patients vs. controls (Wilcoxon signed-rank test: miR-221 p < 0.0001; miR-483-3p p < 0.0001). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed worse cancer-related survival among all EAC patients expressing high miR-221 or miR-483-3p levels (log-rank p = 0.0025 and p = 0.0235, respectively). Higher miR-221 or miR-483-3p levels also correlated with advanced tumor stages (Mann-Whitney p = 0.0195 and p = 0.0085, respectively), and overexpression of miR-221 was associated with worse survival in low-risk EAC patients. Moreover, a significantly worse outcome was associated with the combined overexpression of miR-221 and miR-483-3p (log-rank p = 0.0410). To identify target genes affected by miRNA overexpression, we transfected the corresponding mimic RNA (miRVANA) for either miR-221 or miR-483-3p in a well-characterized esophageal adenocarcinoma cell line (OE19) and performed RNA-seq analysis. In the miRNA-overexpressing cells, we discovered a convergent dysregulation of genes linked to apoptosis, ATP synthesis, angiogenesis, and cancer progression, including a long non-coding RNA associated with oncogenesis, i.e., MALAT1. In conclusion, dysregulated miRNA expression, especially overexpression of miR-221 and 483-3p, was found in EAC samples. These alterations were connected with a lower cancer-specific patient survival, suggesting that these miRNAs could be useful for patient stratification and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isotta Bozzarelli
- Gastrointestinal Genetics Lab, CIC bioGUNE—BRTA, 48160 Derio, Spain;
| | - Arianna Orsini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy (L.G.); (M.S.)
| | - Federica Isidori
- Dipartimento di Genetica Medica, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero–Universitaria di Bologna, University of Bologna, via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (F.I.); (D.M.); (M.L.); (S.F.); (A.D.)
| | - Luca Mastracci
- Pathology Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (DISC), University of Genoa, 16100 Genoa, Italy; (L.M.); (R.F.)
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16100 Genoa, Italy
| | - Deborah Malvi
- Dipartimento di Genetica Medica, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero–Universitaria di Bologna, University of Bologna, via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (F.I.); (D.M.); (M.L.); (S.F.); (A.D.)
- Institute of Oncology and Transplant Pathology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Marialuisa Lugaresi
- Dipartimento di Genetica Medica, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero–Universitaria di Bologna, University of Bologna, via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (F.I.); (D.M.); (M.L.); (S.F.); (A.D.)
| | - Silvia Fittipaldi
- Dipartimento di Genetica Medica, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero–Universitaria di Bologna, University of Bologna, via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (F.I.); (D.M.); (M.L.); (S.F.); (A.D.)
| | - Livia Gozzellino
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy (L.G.); (M.S.)
| | - Annalisa Astolfi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy (L.G.); (M.S.)
| | - Jari Räsänen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, 00100 Helsinki, Finland;
| | - Antonia D’Errico
- Dipartimento di Genetica Medica, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero–Universitaria di Bologna, University of Bologna, via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (F.I.); (D.M.); (M.L.); (S.F.); (A.D.)
- Institute of Oncology and Transplant Pathology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Riccardo Rosati
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, San Raffaele Hospital, Vita–Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy;
| | - Roberto Fiocca
- Pathology Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (DISC), University of Genoa, 16100 Genoa, Italy; (L.M.); (R.F.)
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16100 Genoa, Italy
| | - Marco Seri
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy (L.G.); (M.S.)
- Dipartimento di Genetica Medica, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero–Universitaria di Bologna, University of Bologna, via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (F.I.); (D.M.); (M.L.); (S.F.); (A.D.)
| | - Kausilia K. Krishnadath
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics (LEMP), Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Antwerp, University of Antwerp, 2180 Antwerp, Belgium;
| | - Elena Bonora
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy (L.G.); (M.S.)
- Dipartimento di Genetica Medica, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero–Universitaria di Bologna, University of Bologna, via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (F.I.); (D.M.); (M.L.); (S.F.); (A.D.)
| | - Sandro Mattioli
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Maria Cecilia Hospital, 48010 Cotignola, Italy;
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7
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Lauricella M, Di Liberto D. Special Issue: "Inflammatory Signaling Pathways Involved in Gastrointestinal Diseases". Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1287. [PMID: 38279287 PMCID: PMC10816278 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a defensive response of the innate and adaptive immune systems against injury and/or harmful microorganisms to restore homeostasis [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Lauricella
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), Institute of Biochemistry, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Diana Di Liberto
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), Institute of Biochemistry, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
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8
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Foley K, Shorthouse D, Rahrmann E, Zhuang L, Devonshire G, Gilbertson RJ, Fitzgerald RC, Hall BA. SMAD4 and KCNQ3 alterations are associated with lymph node metastases in oesophageal adenocarcinoma. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:166867. [PMID: 37648039 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Metastasis in oesophageal adenocarcinoma (OAC) is an important predictor of survival. Radiological staging is used to stage metastases in patients, and guide treatment selection, but is limited by the accuracy of the approach. Improvements in staging will lead to improved clinical decision making and patient outcomes. Sequencing studies on primary tumours and pre-cancerous tissue have revealed the mutational landscape of OAC, and increasingly cheap and widespread sequencing approaches offer the potential to improve staging assessment. In this work we present an analysis of lymph node metastases found by radiological and pathological sampling, identifying new roles of the genes SMAD4 and KCNQ3 in metastasis. Through transcriptomic analysis we find that both genes are associated with canonical Wnt pathway activity, but KCNQ3 is uniquely associated with changes in planar cell polaritiy associated with non-canonical Wnt signalling. We go on to validate our observations in KCNQ3 in cell line and xenograph systems, showing that overexpression of KCNQ3 reduces wound closure and the number of metastases observed. Our results suggest both genes as novel biomarkers of metastatic risk and offer new potential routes to drug targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kieran Foley
- Division of Cancer & Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, CF14 4XN, UK
| | | | - Eric Rahrmann
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Lizhe Zhuang
- Early Cancer Institute, University of Cambridge, CB2 0XZ, UK
| | | | | | | | - Benjamin A Hall
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, WC1E 6BT, UK.
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9
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Peters CJ, Ang Y, Ciccarelli FD, Coles H, Coleman HG, Contino G, Crosby T, Devonshire G, Eldridge M, Freeman A, Grehan N, McCord M, Nutzinger B, Zamani S, Parsons SL, Petty R, Sharrocks AD, Skipworth RJE, Smyth EC, Soomro I, Underwood TJ, Fitzgerald RC. A decade of the Oesophageal Cancer Clinical and Molecular Stratification Consortium. Nat Med 2024; 30:14-16. [PMID: 38114667 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-023-02676-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C J Peters
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Y Ang
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Gastroenterology, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - F D Ciccarelli
- Cancer Systems Biology, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - H Coles
- Early Cancer Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - H G Coleman
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - G Contino
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - T Crosby
- Velindre University NHS Trust, Cardiff, UK
| | - G Devonshire
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - M Eldridge
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - A Freeman
- Early Cancer Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - N Grehan
- Early Cancer Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - M McCord
- Heartburn Cancer UK, Basingstoke, UK
| | - B Nutzinger
- Early Cancer Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - S Zamani
- Early Cancer Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - S L Parsons
- Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | - R Petty
- School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - A D Sharrocks
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Function, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | | | - E C Smyth
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - I Soomro
- Nottingham University Hospital, Nottingham, UK
| | - T J Underwood
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - R C Fitzgerald
- Early Cancer Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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10
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Arnedo-Pac C, Muiños F, Gonzalez-Perez A, Lopez-Bigas N. Hotspot propensity across mutational processes. Mol Syst Biol 2024; 20:6-27. [PMID: 38177930 PMCID: PMC10883281 DOI: 10.1038/s44320-023-00001-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The sparsity of mutations observed across tumours hinders our ability to study mutation rate variability at nucleotide resolution. To circumvent this, here we investigated the propensity of mutational processes to form mutational hotspots as a readout of their mutation rate variability at single base resolution. Mutational signatures 1 and 17 have the highest hotspot propensity (5-78 times higher than other processes). After accounting for trinucleotide mutational probabilities, sequence composition and mutational heterogeneity at 10 Kbp, most (94-95%) signature 17 hotspots remain unexplained, suggesting a significant role of local genomic features. For signature 1, the inclusion of genome-wide distribution of methylated CpG sites into models can explain most (80-100%) of the hotspot propensity. There is an increased hotspot propensity of signature 1 in normal tissues and de novo germline mutations. We demonstrate that hotspot propensity is a useful readout to assess the accuracy of mutation rate models at nucleotide resolution. This new approach and the findings derived from it open up new avenues for a range of somatic and germline studies investigating and modelling mutagenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Arnedo-Pac
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ferran Muiños
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Abel Gonzalez-Perez
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Nuria Lopez-Bigas
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain.
- Department of Medicine and Life Sciences (MELIS), Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.
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11
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Suzuki N, Shindo Y, Nakajima M, Tsunedomi R, Nagano H. Current status of vaccine immunotherapy for gastrointestinal cancers. Surg Today 2023:10.1007/s00595-023-02773-y. [PMID: 38043066 DOI: 10.1007/s00595-023-02773-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in tumor immunology and molecular drug development have ushered in a new era of cancer immunotherapy. Immunotherapy has shown promising results for several types of tumors, such as advanced melanoma, non-small cell lung cancer, renal cell carcinoma, bladder cancers, and refractory Hodgkin's lymphoma. Similarly, efforts have been made to develop immunotherapies such as adoptive T-cell transplantation, peptide vaccines, and dendritic cell vaccines, specifically for gastrointestinal tumors. However, before the advent of immune checkpoint inhibitors, immunotherapy did not work as well as expected. In this article, we review immunotherapy, focusing on cancer vaccines for gastrointestinal tumors, which generally target eliciting tumor-specific CD8 + cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). We also review various vaccine therapies and describe the relationship between vaccines and adjuvants. Finally, we discuss prospects for the combination of immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuaki Suzuki
- Department of Gastroenterological, Breast, and Endocrine Surgery, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Yoshitaro Shindo
- Department of Gastroenterological, Breast, and Endocrine Surgery, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Masao Nakajima
- Department of Gastroenterological, Breast, and Endocrine Surgery, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Ryouichi Tsunedomi
- Department of Gastroenterological, Breast, and Endocrine Surgery, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Nagano
- Department of Gastroenterological, Breast, and Endocrine Surgery, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan.
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12
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Li S, Hoefnagel SJM, Krishnadath KK. Molecular Biology and Clinical Management of Esophageal Adenocarcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5410. [PMID: 38001670 PMCID: PMC10670638 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15225410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) is a highly lethal malignancy. Due to its rising incidence, EAC has become a severe health challenge in Western countries. Current treatment strategies are mainly chosen based on disease stage and clinical features, whereas the biological background is hardly considered. In this study, we performed a comprehensive review of existing studies and discussed how etiology, genetics and epigenetic characteristics, together with the tumor microenvironment, contribute to the malignant behavior and dismal prognosis of EAC. During the development of EAC, several intestinal-type proteins and signaling cascades are induced. The anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive microenvironment is associated with poor survival. The accumulation of somatic mutations at the early phase and chromosomal structural rearrangements at relatively later time points contribute to the dynamic and heterogeneous genetic landscape of EAC. EAC is also characterized by frequent DNA methylation and dysregulation of microRNAs. We summarize the findings of dysregulations of specific cytokines, chemokines and immune cells in the tumor microenvironment and conclude that DNA methylation and microRNAs vary with each different phase of BE, LGD, HGD, early EAC and invasive EAC. Furthermore, we discuss the suitability of the currently employed therapies in the clinic and possible new therapies in the future. The development of targeted and immune therapies has been hampered by the heterogeneous genetic characteristics of EAC. In view of this, the up-to-date knowledge revealed by this work is absolutely important for future EAC studies and the discovery of new therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shulin Li
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Kausilia Krishnawatie Krishnadath
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Antwerp University Hospital, 2650 Edegem, Belgium
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Antwerp, 2000 Antwerpen, Belgium
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13
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Withey SJ, Owczarczyk K, Grzeda MT, Yip C, Deere H, Green M, Maisey N, Davies AR, Cook GJ, Goh V. Association of dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI and 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose PET/CT parameters with neoadjuvant therapy response and survival in esophagogastric cancer. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SURGICAL ONCOLOGY 2023; 49:106934. [PMID: 37183047 PMCID: PMC10769883 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2023.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Better predictive markers are needed to deliver individualized care for patients with primary esophagogastric cancer. This exploratory study aimed to assess whether pre-treatment imaging parameters from dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) PET/CT are associated with response to neoadjuvant therapy or outcome. MATERIALS AND METHODS Following ethical approval and informed consent, prospective participants underwent dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI and 18F-FDG PET/CT prior to neoadjuvant chemotherapy/chemoradiotherapy ± surgery. Vascular dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI and metabolic 18F-FDG PET parameters were compared by tumor characteristics using Mann Whitney U test and with pathological response (Mandard tumor regression grade), recurrence-free and overall survival using logistic regression modelling, adjusting for predefined clinical variables. RESULTS 39 of 47 recruited participants (30 males; median age 65 years, IQR: 54, 72 years) were included in the final analysis. The tumor vascular-metabolic ratio was higher in patients remaining node positive following neoadjuvant therapy (median tumor peak enhancement/SUVmax ratio: 0.052 vs. 0.023, p = 0.02). In multivariable analysis adjusted for age, gender, pre-treatment tumor and nodal stage, peak enhancement (highest gadolinium concentration value prior to contrast washout) was associated with pathological tumor regression grade. The odds of response decreased by 5% for each 0.01 unit increase (OR 0.95; 95% CI: 0.90, 1.00, p = 0.04). No 18F-FDG PET/CT parameters were predictive of pathological tumor response. No relationships between pre-treatment imaging and survival were identified. CONCLUSION Pre-treatment esophagogastric tumor vascular and metabolic parameters may provide additional information in assessing response to neoadjuvant therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel J Withey
- Department of Radiology, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kasia Owczarczyk
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mariusz T Grzeda
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, United Kingdom
| | - Connie Yip
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Centre, Singapore
| | - Harriet Deere
- Department of Pathology, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mike Green
- Department of Pathology, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nick Maisey
- Department of Medical Oncology, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew R Davies
- Department of Surgery, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gary J Cook
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, United Kingdom; The King's College London and Guy's and St Thomas' PET Centre, St Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Vicky Goh
- Department of Radiology, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, United Kingdom.
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14
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Fanale D, Corsini LR, Pedone E, Randazzo U, Fiorino A, Di Piazza M, Brando C, Magrin L, Contino S, Piraino P, Bazan Russo TD, Cipolla C, Russo A, Bazan V. Potential agnostic role of BRCA alterations in patients with several solid tumors: One for all, all for one? Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2023; 190:104086. [PMID: 37536445 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2023.104086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Germline BRCA1/2 alterations in the Homologous Recombination (HR) pathway are considered as main susceptibility biomarkers to Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancers (HBOC). The modern molecular biology technologies allowed to characterize germline and somatic BRCA1/2 alterations in several malignancies, broadening the landscape of BRCA1/2-alterated tumors. In the last years, BRCA genetic testing, beyond the preventive value, also assumed a predictive and prognostic significance for patient management. The approval of molecules with agnostic indication is leading to a new clinical model, defined "mutational". Among these drugs, the Poly (ADP)-Ribose Polymerase inhibitors (PARPi) for BRCA1/2-deficient tumors were widely studied leading to increasing therapeutic implications. In this Review we provided an overview of the main clinical studies describing the association between BRCA-mutated tumors and PARPi response, focusing on the controversial evidence about the potential agnostic indication based on BRCA1/2 alterations in several solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Fanale
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Lidia Rita Corsini
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Erika Pedone
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Ugo Randazzo
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Alessia Fiorino
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Marianna Di Piazza
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Chiara Brando
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Luigi Magrin
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Silvia Contino
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Paola Piraino
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Tancredi Didier Bazan Russo
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Calogero Cipolla
- Division of General and Oncological Surgery, Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonio Russo
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Viviana Bazan
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
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15
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Kazachenka A, Loong JH, Attig J, Young GR, Ganguli P, Devonshire G, Grehan N, Ciccarelli FD, Fitzgerald RC, Kassiotis G. The transcriptional landscape of endogenous retroelements delineates esophageal adenocarcinoma subtypes. NAR Cancer 2023; 5:zcad040. [PMID: 37502711 PMCID: PMC10370457 DOI: 10.1093/narcan/zcad040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Most cancer types exhibit aberrant transcriptional activity, including derepression of retrotransposable elements (RTEs). However, the degree, specificity and potential consequences of RTE transcriptional activation may differ substantially among cancer types and subtypes. Representing one extreme of the spectrum, we characterize the transcriptional activity of RTEs in cohorts of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) and its precursor Barrett's esophagus (BE) from the OCCAMS (Oesophageal Cancer Clinical and Molecular Stratification) consortium, and from TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas). We found exceptionally high RTE inclusion in the EAC transcriptome, driven primarily by transcription of genes incorporating intronic or adjacent RTEs, rather than by autonomous RTE transcription. Nevertheless, numerous chimeric transcripts straddling RTEs and genes, and transcripts from stand-alone RTEs, particularly KLF5- and SOX9-controlled HERVH proviruses, were overexpressed specifically in EAC. Notably, incomplete mRNA splicing and EAC-characteristic intronic RTE inclusion was mirrored by relative loss of the respective fully-spliced, functional mRNA isoforms, consistent with compromised cellular fitness. Defective RNA splicing was linked with strong transcriptional activation of a HERVH provirus on Chr Xp22.32 and defined EAC subtypes with distinct molecular features and prognosis. Our study defines distinguishable RTE transcriptional profiles of EAC, reflecting distinct underlying processes and prognosis, thus providing a framework for targeted studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jane Hc Loong
- Retroviral Immunology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Jan Attig
- Retroviral Immunology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - George R Young
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Facility, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Piyali Ganguli
- Cancer Systems Biology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Ginny Devonshire
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nicola Grehan
- Early Cancer Institute, Hutchison Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Francesca D Ciccarelli
- Cancer Systems Biology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Rebecca C Fitzgerald
- Early Cancer Institute, Hutchison Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - George Kassiotis
- Retroviral Immunology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
- Department of Infectious Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
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16
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Suzuki D, Meguro S, Furusawa S, Hashimoto N, Kawasaki H, Kosugi I, Enomoto Y, Fujihiro M, Tsukui H, Iwashita T. An autopsy case of disseminated carcinomatosis of the bone marrow from esophageal adenocarcinoma. Clin Case Rep 2023; 11:e7877. [PMID: 37744630 PMCID: PMC10511695 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.7877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Key Clinical Message Disseminated carcinomatosis of the bone marrow is rare. We present such a case, which is useful for raising awareness about the importance of early diagnosis and treatment of carcinomas complicated by disseminated carcinomatosis of the bone marrow. Abstract This is the first autopsy report of disseminated carcinomatosis of the bone marrow (DCBM) in esophageal adenocarcinoma. Advanced poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma with signet ring cell carcinoma arising in Barrett's esophagus caused disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) with extensive bone marrow metastasis, resulting in death from cerebral hemorrhage. Although DCBM due to malignancy is rare with poor prognosis, it should be considered in malignancies associated with DIC, and prompt initiation of chemotherapy is the only way to improve the patient's prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Suzuki
- Department of Diagnostic PathologyChutoen General Medical CenterShizuokaJapan
| | - Shiori Meguro
- Department of Regenerative and Infectious PathologyHamamatsu University School of MedicineShizuokaJapan
| | - Shin Furusawa
- Department of NephrologyChutoen General Medical CenterShizuokaJapan
| | - Nanako Hashimoto
- Department of RadiologyChutoen General Medical CenterShizuokaJapan
| | - Hideya Kawasaki
- Institute for NanoSuit Research, Preeminent Medical Photonics Education & Research CenterHamamatsu University School of MedicineShizuokaJapan
| | - Isao Kosugi
- Department of Regenerative and Infectious PathologyHamamatsu University School of MedicineShizuokaJapan
| | - Yasunori Enomoto
- Department of Regenerative and Infectious PathologyHamamatsu University School of MedicineShizuokaJapan
| | - Mayu Fujihiro
- Department of Diagnostic PathologyHamamatsu University School of MedicineShizuokaJapan
| | - Hiroe Tsukui
- Department of Diagnostic PathologyHamamatsu University School of MedicineShizuokaJapan
| | - Toshihide Iwashita
- Department of Regenerative and Infectious PathologyHamamatsu University School of MedicineShizuokaJapan
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17
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Pužar Dominkuš P, Hudler P. Mutational Signatures in Gastric Cancer and Their Clinical Implications. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3788. [PMID: 37568604 PMCID: PMC10416847 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15153788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is characterised by high inter- and intratumour heterogeneity. The majority of patients are older than 65 years and the global burden of this disease is increasing due to the aging of the population. The disease is usually diagnosed at advanced stages, which is a consequence of nonspecific symptoms. Few improvements have been made at the level of noninvasive molecular diagnosis of sporadic gastric cancer, and therefore the mortality rate remains high. A new field of mutational signatures has emerged in the past decade with advances in the genome sequencing technology. These distinct mutational patterns in the genome, caused by exogenous and endogenous mutational processes, can be associated with tumour aetiology and disease progression, and could provide novel perception on the treatment possibilities. This review assesses the mutational signatures found in gastric cancer and summarises their potential for use in clinical setting as diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers. Associated treatment options and biomarkers already implemented in clinical use are discussed, together with those that are still being explored or are in clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pia Pužar Dominkuš
- Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
- Medical Centre for Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Petra Hudler
- Medical Centre for Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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18
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Abbas S, Pich O, Devonshire G, Zamani SA, Katz-Summercorn A, Killcoyne S, Cheah C, Nutzinger B, Grehan N, Lopez-Bigas N, Fitzgerald RC, Secrier M. Mutational signature dynamics shaping the evolution of oesophageal adenocarcinoma. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4239. [PMID: 37454136 PMCID: PMC10349863 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39957-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
A variety of mutational processes drive cancer development, but their dynamics across the entire disease spectrum from pre-cancerous to advanced neoplasia are poorly understood. We explore the mutagenic processes shaping oesophageal adenocarcinoma tumorigenesis in 997 instances comprising distinct stages of this malignancy, from Barrett Oesophagus to primary tumours and advanced metastatic disease. The mutational landscape is dominated by the C[T > C/G]T substitution enriched signatures SBS17a/b, which are linked with TP53 mutations, increased proliferation, genomic instability and disease progression. The APOBEC mutagenesis signature is a weak but persistent signal amplified in primary tumours. We also identify prevalent alterations in DNA damage repair pathways, with homologous recombination, base and nucleotide excision repair and translesion synthesis mutated in up to 50% of the cohort, and surprisingly uncoupled from transcriptional activity. Among these, the presence of base excision repair deficiencies show remarkably poor prognosis in the cohort. In this work, we provide insights on the mutational aetiology and changes enabling the transition from pre-neoplastic to advanced oesophageal adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujath Abbas
- Early Cancer Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Oriol Pich
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ginny Devonshire
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | - Sarah Killcoyne
- Early Cancer Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Hinxton, UK
| | - Calvin Cheah
- Early Cancer Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Nicola Grehan
- Early Cancer Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nuria Lopez-Bigas
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Maria Secrier
- UCL Genetics Institute, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, UK.
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19
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Samaddar S, Buckles D, Saha S, Zhang Q, Bansal A. Translating Molecular Biology Discoveries to Develop Targeted Cancer Interception in Barrett's Esophagus. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11318. [PMID: 37511077 PMCID: PMC10379200 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) is a rapidly increasing lethal tumor. It commonly arises from a metaplastic segment known as Barrett's esophagus (BE), which delineates the at-risk population. Ample research has elucidated the pathogenesis of BE and its progression from metaplasia to invasive carcinoma; and multiple molecular pathways have been implicated in this process, presenting several points of cancer interception. Here, we explore the mechanisms of action of various agents, including proton pump inhibitors, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, metformin, and statins, and explain their roles in cancer interception. Data from the recent AspECT trial are discussed to determine how viable a multipronged approach to cancer chemoprevention would be. Further, novel concepts, such as the repurposing of chemotherapeutic drugs like dasatinib and the prevention of post-ablation BE recurrence using itraconazole, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohini Samaddar
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Health System, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Daniel Buckles
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Kansas Health System, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Souvik Saha
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Health System, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Qiuyang Zhang
- Center for Esophageal Diseases, Department of Medicine, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75246, USA
- Center for Esophageal Research, Baylor Scott & White Research Institute, Dallas, TX 75246, USA
| | - Ajay Bansal
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Kansas Health System, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
- University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
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20
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Cinicola J, Mamidanna S, Yegya-Raman N, Spencer K, Deek MP, Jabbour SK. A Review of Advances in Radiotherapy in the Setting of Esophageal Cancers. Surg Oncol Clin N Am 2023; 32:433-459. [PMID: 37182986 DOI: 10.1016/j.soc.2023.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Esophageal cancer is the eighth most common cancer worldwide and is the sixth most common cause of cancer-related mortality. The paradigm has shifted to include a multimodality approach with surgery, chemotherapy, targeted therapy (including immunotherapy), and radiation therapy. Advances in radiotherapy through techniques such as intensity modulated radiotherapy and proton beam therapy have allowed for the more dose homogeneity and improved organ sparing. In addition, recent studies of targeted therapies and predictive approaches in patients with locally advanced disease provide clinicians with new approaches to modify multimodality treatment to improve clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Cinicola
- Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Swati Mamidanna
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson School of Medicine, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Nikhil Yegya-Raman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kristen Spencer
- New York Langone Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Matthew P Deek
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson School of Medicine, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Salma K Jabbour
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson School of Medicine, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
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21
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Scheck MK, Masetti M, Lorenzen S. Neoadjuvant and adjuvant approaches in gastroesophageal cancers. Curr Opin Oncol 2023; 35:318-325. [PMID: 37222198 DOI: 10.1097/cco.0000000000000950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Despite advances in the perioperative treatment of locally advanced (T2-4 and/or N+) gastroesophageal cancer with evolving chemoradiotherapy and chemotherapy regimens, prognosis remains poor. Biomarker-based approaches with targeted therapies and immune checkpoint inhibition present a new opportunity to improve response rate and overall survival. This review aims to shed light on the current treatment strategies and therapy options that are under investigation for the curatively intended perioperative treatment of gastroesophageal cancer. RECENT FINDINGS A major step for patients with advanced esophageal cancer and insufficient response to chemoradiotherapy was the implementation of immune checkpoint inhibition in the adjuvant treatment with positive effects on survival duration and quality of life (CheckMate577). Various studies that seek to further integrate immunotherapy or targeted therapy into (neo-) adjuvant treatment are on their way and show promising results. SUMMARY Ongoing clinical research tries to increase the effectivity of standard of care approaches for the perioperative treatment of gastroesophageal cancer. Biomarker based immunotherapy and targeted therapy bear the opportunity to further improve the outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena K Scheck
- III. Medizinische Klinik and Poliklinik, TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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22
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M Naeini M, Newell F, Aoude LG, Bonazzi VF, Patel K, Lampe G, Koufariotis LT, Lakis V, Addala V, Kondrashova O, Johnston RL, Sharma S, Brosda S, Holmes O, Leonard C, Wood S, Xu Q, Thomas J, Walpole E, Tao Mai G, Ackland SP, Martin J, Burge M, Finch R, Karapetis CS, Shannon J, Nott L, Bohmer R, Wilson K, Barnes E, Zalcberg JR, Mark Smithers B, Simes J, Price T, Gebski V, Nones K, Watson DI, Pearson JV, Barbour AP, Waddell N. Multi-omic features of oesophageal adenocarcinoma in patients treated with preoperative neoadjuvant therapy. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3155. [PMID: 37258531 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38891-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Oesophageal adenocarcinoma is a poor prognosis cancer and the molecular features underpinning response to treatment remain unclear. We investigate whole genome, transcriptomic and methylation data from 115 oesophageal adenocarcinoma patients mostly from the DOCTOR phase II clinical trial (Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry-ACTRN12609000665235), with exploratory analysis pre-specified in the study protocol of the trial. We report genomic features associated with poorer overall survival, such as the APOBEC mutational and RS3-like rearrangement signatures. We also show that positron emission tomography non-responders have more sub-clonal genomic copy number alterations. Transcriptomic analysis categorises patients into four immune clusters correlated with survival. The immune suppressed cluster is associated with worse survival, enriched with myeloid-derived cells, and an epithelial-mesenchymal transition signature. The immune hot cluster is associated with better survival, enriched with lymphocytes, myeloid-derived cells, and an immune signature including CCL5, CD8A, and NKG7. The immune clusters highlight patients who may respond to immunotherapy and thus may guide future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjan M Naeini
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia
| | - Felicity Newell
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia
| | - Lauren G Aoude
- Frazer Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - Vanessa F Bonazzi
- Frazer Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - Kalpana Patel
- Frazer Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - Guy Lampe
- Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | | | - Vanessa Lakis
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia
| | - Venkateswar Addala
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia
| | - Olga Kondrashova
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia
| | - Rebecca L Johnston
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia
| | - Sowmya Sharma
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia
- Anatomical Pathology, Australian Clinical Labs, 2153, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sandra Brosda
- Frazer Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - Oliver Holmes
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia
| | - Conrad Leonard
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia
| | - Scott Wood
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia
| | - Qinying Xu
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia
| | - Janine Thomas
- Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia
- Mater Research Institute, Mater Misericordiae, South Brisbane, QLD, 4101, Australia
| | - Euan Walpole
- Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - G Tao Mai
- Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - Stephen P Ackland
- Department of Medical Oncology, Calvary Mater Newcastle, Waratah, NSW, 2298, Australia
| | - Jarad Martin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Calvary Mater Newcastle, Waratah, NSW, 2298, Australia
| | - Matthew Burge
- Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, QLD, 4029, Australia
| | - Robert Finch
- Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, QLD, 4029, Australia
| | - Christos S Karapetis
- Flinders University Department of Medical Oncology, Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, SA, 5042, Australia
| | - Jenny Shannon
- Nepean Cancer Care Centre, Nepean Hospital, Sydney, NSW, 2747, Australia
| | - Louise Nott
- Department of Medical Oncology, Royal Hobart Hospital, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Robert Bohmer
- Department of General Surgery, Royal Hobart Hospital, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Kate Wilson
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Barnes
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - John R Zalcberg
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - B Mark Smithers
- Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia
| | - John Simes
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Timothy Price
- Medical Oncology Unit, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital and University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5011, Australia
| | - Val Gebski
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Katia Nones
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia
| | - David I Watson
- Flinders University Discipline of Surgery, Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, SA, 5042, Australia
| | - John V Pearson
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia
| | - Andrew P Barbour
- Frazer Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia.
- Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia.
| | - Nicola Waddell
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia.
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23
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Maslenkina K, Mikhaleva L, Naumenko M, Vandysheva R, Gushchin M, Atiakshin D, Buchwalow I, Tiemann M. Signaling Pathways in the Pathogenesis of Barrett's Esophagus and Esophageal Adenocarcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119304. [PMID: 37298253 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Barrett's esophagus (BE) is a premalignant lesion that can develop into esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). The development of Barrett's esophagus is caused by biliary reflux, which causes extensive mutagenesis in the stem cells of the epithelium in the distal esophagus and gastro-esophageal junction. Other possible cellular origins of BE include the stem cells of the mucosal esophageal glands and their ducts, the stem cells of the stomach, residual embryonic cells and circulating bone marrow stem cells. The classical concept of healing a caustic lesion has been replaced by the concept of a cytokine storm, which forms an inflammatory microenvironment eliciting a phenotypic shift toward intestinal metaplasia of the distal esophagus. This review describes the roles of the NOTCH, hedgehog, NF-κB and IL6/STAT3 molecular pathways in the pathogenesis of BE and EAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ksenia Maslenkina
- A.P. Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology, Petrovsky National Research Center of Surgery, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Liudmila Mikhaleva
- A.P. Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology, Petrovsky National Research Center of Surgery, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Maxim Naumenko
- A.P. Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology, Petrovsky National Research Center of Surgery, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Rositsa Vandysheva
- A.P. Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology, Petrovsky National Research Center of Surgery, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Michail Gushchin
- A.P. Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology, Petrovsky National Research Center of Surgery, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitri Atiakshin
- Research and Educational Resource Centre for Immunophenotyping, Digital Spatial Profiling and Ultrastructural Analysis Innovative Technologies, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia Named after Patrice Lumumba, 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Igor Buchwalow
- Research and Educational Resource Centre for Immunophenotyping, Digital Spatial Profiling and Ultrastructural Analysis Innovative Technologies, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia Named after Patrice Lumumba, 117198 Moscow, Russia
- Institute for Hematopathology, Fangdieckstr. 75a, 22547 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Markus Tiemann
- Institute for Hematopathology, Fangdieckstr. 75a, 22547 Hamburg, Germany
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24
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Patterson A, Elbasir A, Tian B, Auslander N. Computational Methods Summarizing Mutational Patterns in Cancer: Promise and Limitations for Clinical Applications. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15071958. [PMID: 37046619 PMCID: PMC10093138 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15071958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the rise of next-generation sequencing technologies, the catalogue of mutations in cancer has been continuously expanding. To address the complexity of the cancer-genomic landscape and extract meaningful insights, numerous computational approaches have been developed over the last two decades. In this review, we survey the current leading computational methods to derive intricate mutational patterns in the context of clinical relevance. We begin with mutation signatures, explaining first how mutation signatures were developed and then examining the utility of studies using mutation signatures to correlate environmental effects on the cancer genome. Next, we examine current clinical research that employs mutation signatures and discuss the potential use cases and challenges of mutation signatures in clinical decision-making. We then examine computational studies developing tools to investigate complex patterns of mutations beyond the context of mutational signatures. We survey methods to identify cancer-driver genes, from single-driver studies to pathway and network analyses. In addition, we review methods inferring complex combinations of mutations for clinical tasks and using mutations integrated with multi-omics data to better predict cancer phenotypes. We examine the use of these tools for either discovery or prediction, including prediction of tumor origin, treatment outcomes, prognosis, and cancer typing. We further discuss the main limitations preventing widespread clinical integration of computational tools for the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. We end by proposing solutions to address these challenges using recent advances in machine learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Patterson
- Genomics and Computational Biology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | - Bin Tian
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Noam Auslander
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Correspondence:
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25
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Nicholas B, Bailey A, McCann KJ, Wood O, Walker RC, Parker R, Ternette N, Elliott T, Underwood TJ, Johnson P, Skipp P. Identification of neoantigens in oesophageal adenocarcinoma. Immunology 2023; 168:420-431. [PMID: 36111495 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Oesophageal adenocarcinoma (OAC) has a relatively poor long-term survival and limited treatment options. Promising targets for immunotherapy are short peptide neoantigens containing tumour mutations, presented to cytotoxic T-cells by human leucocyte antigen (HLA) molecules. Despite an association between putative neoantigen abundance and therapeutic response across cancers, immunogenic neoantigens are challenging to identify. Here we characterized the mutational and immunopeptidomic landscapes of tumours from a cohort of seven patients with OAC. We directly identified one HLA-I presented neoantigen from one patient, and report functional T-cell responses from a predicted HLA-II neoantigen in a second patient. The predicted class II neoantigen contains both HLA I and II binding motifs. Our exploratory observations are consistent with previous neoantigen studies in finding that neoantigens are rarely directly observed, and an identification success rate following prediction in the order of 10%. However, our identified putative neoantigen is capable of eliciting strong T-cell responses, emphasizing the need for improved strategies for neoantigen identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Nicholas
- Centre for Proteomic Research, Biological Sciences and Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, Hampshire, UK
- Centre for Cancer Immunology and Institute for Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, Hampshire, UK
| | - Alistair Bailey
- Centre for Proteomic Research, Biological Sciences and Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, Hampshire, UK
- Centre for Cancer Immunology and Institute for Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, Hampshire, UK
| | - Katy J McCann
- School of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, Hampshire, UK
| | - Oliver Wood
- School of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, Hampshire, UK
| | - Robert C Walker
- School of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, Hampshire, UK
| | - Robert Parker
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Nicola Ternette
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Tim Elliott
- Centre for Cancer Immunology and Institute for Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, Hampshire, UK
- Centre for Immuno-oncology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Tim J Underwood
- School of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, Hampshire, UK
| | - Peter Johnson
- Cancer Research UK Clinical Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, Hampshire, UK
| | - Paul Skipp
- Centre for Proteomic Research, Biological Sciences and Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, Hampshire, UK
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26
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Orsini A, Mastracci L, Bozzarelli I, Ferrari A, Isidori F, Fiocca R, Lugaresi M, D’Errico A, Malvi D, Cataldi-Stagetti E, Spaggiari P, Tomezzoli A, Albarello L, Ristimäki A, Bottiglieri L, Krishnadath KK, Rosati R, Fumagalli Romario U, De Manzoni G, Räsänen J, Martinelli G, Mattioli S, Bonora E. Correlations between Molecular Alterations, Histopathological Characteristics, and Poor Prognosis in Esophageal Adenocarcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15051408. [PMID: 36900206 PMCID: PMC10000513 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15051408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) is a severe malignancy with increasing incidence, poorly understood pathogenesis, and low survival rates. We sequenced 164 EAC samples of naïve patients (without chemo-radiotherapy) with high coverage using next-generation sequencing technologies. A total of 337 variants were identified across the whole cohort, with TP53 as the most frequently altered gene (67.27%). Missense mutations in TP53 correlated with worse cancer-specific survival (log-rank p = 0.001). In seven cases, we found disruptive mutations in HNF1alpha associated with other gene alterations. Moreover, we detected gene fusions through massive parallel sequencing of RNA, indicating that it is not a rare event in EAC. In conclusion, we report that a specific type of TP53 mutation (missense changes) negatively affected cancer-specific survival in EAC. HNF1alpha was identified as a new EAC-mutated gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Orsini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Luca Mastracci
- Unit of Anatomic Pathology, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino IRCCS, 16125 Genova, Italy
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (DISC), University of Genova, 16125 Genova, Italy
| | - Isotta Bozzarelli
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Anna Ferrari
- IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, 47014 Meldola, Italy
| | - Federica Isidori
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Roberto Fiocca
- Unit of Anatomic Pathology, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino IRCCS, 16125 Genova, Italy
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (DISC), University of Genova, 16125 Genova, Italy
| | - Marialuisa Lugaresi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, 47014 Meldola, Italy
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research Group, Cotignola, 48022 Ravenna, Italy
| | - Antonietta D’Errico
- Pathology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Deborah Malvi
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Erica Cataldi-Stagetti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Paola Spaggiari
- Unit of Anatomic Pathology, Humanitas University, 20089 Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Tomezzoli
- Unit of Anatomic Pathology, Azienda Ospedaliera di Verona, 37122 Verona, Italy
| | - Luca Albarello
- Pathology Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20135 Milan, Italy
| | - Ari Ristimäki
- Department of Pathology, HUSLAB and HUS Diagnostic Center, University of Helsinki, 00170 Helsinki, Finland
- Helsinki University Hospital, 00170 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Luca Bottiglieri
- Unit of Anatomic Pathology, Istituto Europeo di Oncologia, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Kausilia K. Krishnadath
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics (LEMP), Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Antwerp, 2650 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Riccardo Rosati
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, San Raffaele Hospital, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20135 Milan, Italy
| | | | - Giovanni De Manzoni
- Department of Surgery, General and Upper G.I. Surgery Division, University of Verona, 37126 Verona, Italy
| | - Jari Räsänen
- Department of General Thoracic and Esophageal Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital, 00170 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Giovanni Martinelli
- IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, 47014 Meldola, Italy
| | - Sandro Mattioli
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research Group, Cotignola, 48022 Ravenna, Italy
| | - Elena Bonora
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0512094761
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27
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Sheikh M, Roshandel G, McCormack V, Malekzadeh R. Current Status and Future Prospects for Esophageal Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:765. [PMID: 36765722 PMCID: PMC9913274 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15030765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Esophageal cancer (EC) is the ninth most common cancer and the sixth leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) are the two main histological subtypes with distinct epidemiological and clinical features. While the global incidence of ESCC is declining, the incidence of EAC is increasing in many countries. Decades of epidemiologic research have identified distinct environmental exposures for ESCC and EAC subtypes. Recent advances in understanding the genomic aspects of EC have advanced our understanding of EC causes and led to using specific genomic alterations in EC tumors as biomarkers for early diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of this cancer. Nevertheless, the prognosis of EC is still poor, with a five-year survival rate of less than 20%. Currently, there are significant challenges for early detection and secondary prevention for both ESCC and EAC subtypes, but Cytosponge™ is shifting this position for EAC. Primary prevention remains the preferred strategy for reducing the global burden of EC. In this review, we will summarize recent advances, current status, and future prospects of the studies related to epidemiology, time trends, environmental risk factors, prevention, early diagnosis, and treatment for both EC subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Sheikh
- Genomic Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Gholamreza Roshandel
- Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan 49341-74515, Iran
| | - Valerie McCormack
- Environment and Lifestyle Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Reza Malekzadeh
- Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14117-13135, Iran
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28
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Ooki A, Osumi H, Chin K, Watanabe M, Yamaguchi K. Potent molecular-targeted therapies for advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2023; 15:17588359221138377. [PMID: 36872946 PMCID: PMC9978325 DOI: 10.1177/17588359221138377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Esophageal cancer (EC) remains a public health concern with a high mortality and disease burden worldwide. Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a predominant histological subtype of EC that has unique etiology, molecular profiles, and clinicopathological features. Although systemic chemotherapy, including cytotoxic agents and immune checkpoint inhibitors, is the main therapeutic option for recurrent or metastatic ESCC patients, the clinical benefits are limited with poor prognosis. Personalized molecular-targeted therapies have been hampered due to the lack of robust treatment efficacy in clinical trials. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop effective therapeutic strategies. In this review, we summarize the molecular profiles of ESCC based on the findings of pivotal comprehensive molecular analyses, highlighting potent therapeutic targets for establishing future precision medicine for ESCC patients, with the most recent results of clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Ooki
- Department of Gastroenterological Chemotherapy, Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, 3-8-31 Ariake, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-8550, Japan
| | - Hiroki Osumi
- Department of Gastroenterological Chemotherapy, Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keisho Chin
- Department of Gastroenterological Chemotherapy, Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayuki Watanabe
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kensei Yamaguchi
- Department of Gastroenterological Chemotherapy, Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
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29
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Qian DC, Lefferts JA, Zaki BI, Brickley EB, Jackson CR, Andrici J, Sriharan A, Lisovsky M. Development and validation of a molecular tool to predict pathologic complete response in esophageal adenocarcinoma. Dis Esophagus 2022; 35:doac035. [PMID: 35758407 PMCID: PMC10893915 DOI: 10.1093/dote/doac035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Pathologic complete response (pCR) to neoadjuvant chemoradiation for locally advanced esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) confers significantly improved survival. The ability to infer pCR may spare esophagectomy in some patients. Currently, there are no validated biomarkers of pCR. This study sought to evaluate whether a distinct signature of DNA copy number alterations (CNA) can be predictive of pCR in EAC. Pretreatment biopsies from 38 patients with locally advanced EAC (19 with pCR and 19 with pathologic partial/poor response) were assessed for CNA using OncoScan assay. A novel technique was employed where within every cytogenetic band, the quantity of bases gained by each sample was computed as the sum of gained genomic segment lengths weighted by the surplus copy number of each segment. A threefold cross-validation was used to assess association with pCR or pathologic partial/poor response. Forty patients with locally advanced EAC from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) constituted an independent validation cohort. Gains in the chromosomal loci 14q11 and 17p11 were preferentially associated with pCR. Average area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) for predicting pCR was 0.80 among the threefold cross-validation test sets. Using 0.3 megabases as the cutoff that optimizes trade-off between sensitivity (63%) and specificity (89%) in the discovery cohort, similar prediction performance for clinical and radiographic response was demonstrated in the validation cohort from TCGA (sensitivity 61%, specificity 82%). Copy number gains in the 14q11 and 17p11 loci may be useful for prediction of pCR, and, potentially, personalization of esophagectomy in EAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Qian
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Joel A Lefferts
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Bassem I Zaki
- Department of Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Elizabeth B Brickley
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Christopher R Jackson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Juliana Andrici
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Aravindhan Sriharan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Mikhail Lisovsky
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA
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Mao Q, Zhou MT, Zhao ZP, Liu N, Yang L, Zhang XM. Role of radiomics in the diagnosis and treatment of gastrointestinal cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2022; 28:6002-6016. [PMID: 36405385 PMCID: PMC9669820 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i42.6002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal cancer (GIC) has high morbidity and mortality as one of the main causes of cancer death. Preoperative risk stratification is critical to guide patient management, but traditional imaging studies have difficulty predicting its biological behavior. The emerging field of radiomics allows the conversion of potential pathophysiological information in existing medical images that cannot be visually recognized into high-dimensional quantitative image features. Tumor lesion characterization, therapeutic response evaluation, and survival prediction can be achieved by analyzing the relationships between these features and clinical and genetic data. In recent years, the clinical application of radiomics to GIC has increased dramatically. In this editorial, we describe the latest progress in the application of radiomics to GIC and discuss the value of its potential clinical applications, as well as its limitations and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Mao
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Mao-Ting Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Zhang-Ping Zhao
- Department of Radiology, Panzhihua Central Hospital, Panzhihua 617000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Ning Liu
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Lin Yang
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, Sichuan Province, China
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Jajosky A, Fels Elliott DR. Esophageal Cancer Genetics and Clinical Translation. Thorac Surg Clin 2022; 32:425-435. [DOI: 10.1016/j.thorsurg.2022.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Kong Y, Li J, Lin H, Liang X, Zhou X. Landscapes of synchronous multiple primary cancers detected by next-generation sequencing. FEBS Open Bio 2022; 12:1996-2005. [PMID: 36128740 PMCID: PMC9623518 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
An increase in the detection rate of multiple primary cancers has been accompanied with declining cancer death rates over the past few decades. However, synchronous multiple primary tumors have gradually increased, and the molecular mechanisms involved in the synchronous occurrence of multiple primary cancers of different origins are unclear. To investigate these mechanisms, we sequenced cancer tissues by FoundationOne CDx. Data were annotated with annovar, and we then performed pathway enrichment analysis. A total of 109 genes that were mutated in all samples were clustered into different diseases, biological processes, and molecular functions. GO and KEGG analyses indicated that the P53 and PKB signaling pathways may be relevant to the occurrence of synchronous multiple primary cancers. In summary, patients with a concordance of mutations in pathogenetic genes may have a higher risk of developing a second cancer. Our research may provide a basis for the development of individualized treatments for synchronous multiple primary cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiru Kong
- Department of OncologyHuashan Hospital Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina,Department of OncologyShanghai Medical College Fudan UniversityChina
| | - Jing Li
- Department of OncologyHuashan Hospital Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Hao Lin
- Department of OncologyHuashan Hospital Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Xiaohua Liang
- Department of OncologyHuashan Hospital Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Xinli Zhou
- Department of OncologyHuashan Hospital Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
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Li J, Wang H, Cao F, Cheng Y. A bioinformatics analysis for diagnostic roles of the E2F family in esophageal cancer. J Gastrointest Oncol 2022; 13:2115-2131. [PMID: 36388667 PMCID: PMC9660042 DOI: 10.21037/jgo-22-855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Esophageal cancer (EC) is the eighth most commonly occurring cancer worldwide and the sixth leading cause of cancer-related deaths. The therapeutic effect of EC patients is not ideal, and new biomarkers are needed to guide diagnosis and prognosis of EC patients. E2F family transcription factors are among the most important links in the cell cycle regulatory network. E2Fs dysregulation not only promotes the early stages of tumor development but also the progression of benign tumors to malignant tumors. E2F is expected to be a new biomarker. The prognostic significance of the E2F family in EC requires further research. METHODS We analyzed The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA), and GeneMANIA databases to obtain RNA-sequencing data and clinical data. The clinical data included age, gender, race, stage, type, status, etc. The prognosis outcome included overall survival (OS) and progression-free interval (PFI). Subsequently, we conducted further research on gene expressions, enrichment analysis, interaction network, and prognostic values by R software, containing ggplot2, ComplexHeatmap, DESeq2, pROC R package, based on t-test, Wilcoxon rank sum test, Spearman rank correlation analysis, log-rank test and COX model. RESULTS We found that mRNA transcription levels of E2F1, E2F3-8 were more highly expressed in esophageal carcinoma (ESCA) tissues than in normal tissues. E2F8 expression was correlated with tumor stage [Pr(>F)=0.00856]. E2F-related genes played a role in development and differentiation, and were prevalent in the endoplasmic reticulum lumen, Golgi lumen, and lipoprotein particle, catalyzing translation activities and lipid metabolism. Each gene was found to be related to each other to some degree. The GeneMANIA network analysis revealed links between E2Fs and other genes. We compared the correlations between 24 kinds of tumor-infiltrating immune cells and E2Fs. E2F1 (AUC =0.945, CI: 0.890-1.000) and E2F7 (AUC =0.958, CI: 0.920-0.996) exhibited higher predictive power accuracy. However, only E2F7 was closely related to OS [HR =1.91 (1.16-3.16), P=0.011]. CONCLUSIONS We discover that E2F7 is a prognostic biomarker. E2F family may take part in the development of EC through lipid metabolism pathways, which is helpful to predict the prognosis of EC patients and guide accurate diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Huan Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Fangli Cao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yufeng Cheng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Miyahira AK, Soule HR. The 28th Annual Prostate Cancer Foundation Scientific Retreat report. Prostate 2022; 82:1346-1377. [PMID: 35852016 DOI: 10.1002/pros.24409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The 28th Annual Prostate Cancer Foundation (PCF) Scientific Retreat was held virtually over 4 days, on October 28-29 and November 4-5, 2021. METHODS The Annual PCF Scientific Retreat is a leading global scientific conference that focuses on first-in-field, unpublished, and high-impact basic, translational, and clinical prostate cancer research, as well as research from other fields with high probability for impacting prostate cancer research and patient care. RESULTS Primary areas of research discussed at the 2021 PCF Retreat included: (i) prostate cancer disparities; (ii) prostate cancer survivorship; (iii) next-generation precision medicine; (iv) PSMA theranostics; (v) prostate cancer lineage plasticity; (vi) tumor metabolism as a cancer driver and treatment target; (vii) prostate cancer genetics and polygenic risk scores; (viii) glucocorticoid receptor biology in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC); (ix) therapeutic degraders; (x) new approaches for immunotherapy in prostate cancer; (xi) novel technologies to overcome the suppressive tumor microenvironment; and (xii) real-world evidence and synthetic/virtual control arms. CONCLUSIONS This article provides a summary of the presentations from the 2021 PCF Scientific Retreat. We hope that sharing this knowledge will help to improve the understanding of the current state of research and direct new advances in prostate cancer research and care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea K Miyahira
- Science Department, Prostate Cancer Foundation, Santa Monica, California, USA
| | - Howard R Soule
- Science Department, Prostate Cancer Foundation, Santa Monica, California, USA
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35
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Applications of human organoids in the personalized treatment for digestive diseases. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:336. [PMID: 36167824 PMCID: PMC9513303 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01194-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Digestive system diseases arise primarily through the interplay of genetic and environmental influences; there is an urgent need in elucidating the pathogenic mechanisms of these diseases and deploy personalized treatments. Traditional and long-established model systems rarely reproduce either tissue complexity or human physiology faithfully; these shortcomings underscore the need for better models. Organoids represent a promising research model, helping us gain a more profound understanding of the digestive organs; this model can also be used to provide patients with precise and individualized treatment and to build rapid in vitro test models for drug screening or gene/cell therapy, linking basic research with clinical treatment. Over the past few decades, the use of organoids has led to an advanced understanding of the composition of each digestive organ and has facilitated disease modeling, chemotherapy dose prediction, CRISPR-Cas9 genetic intervention, high-throughput drug screening, and identification of SARS-CoV-2 targets, pathogenic infection. However, the existing organoids of the digestive system mainly include the epithelial system. In order to reveal the pathogenic mechanism of digestive diseases, it is necessary to establish a completer and more physiological organoid model. Combining organoids and advanced techniques to test individualized treatments of different formulations is a promising approach that requires further exploration. This review highlights the advancements in the field of organoid technology from the perspectives of disease modeling and personalized therapy.
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36
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Identification of Novel Molecular Subgroups in Esophageal Adenocarcinoma to Predict Response to Neo-Adjuvant Therapies. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14184498. [PMID: 36139661 PMCID: PMC9496882 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14184498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Gene expression of esophageal adenocarcinoma is highly heterogeneous. In general, these cancers have poor prognosis and unpredictable responses to chemo- and radiotherapy. Investigating expression profiles from RNA from pre-treatment biopsies are highly attractive to investigate the existence of diverse biological groups and signatures associated with the clinical response to current treatment strategies. We identified and validated three distinct biological esophageal adenocarcinoma subgroups and identified immune signatures with association to therapy response using RNA sequencing. These findings aid in understanding biological mechanisms’ underlying response to neo-adjuvant treatment. Abstract Esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) is a highly aggressive cancer and its response to chemo- and radiotherapy is unpredictable. EACs are highly heterogeneous at the molecular level. The aim of this study was to perform gene expression analysis of EACs to identify distinct molecular subgroups and to investigate expression signatures in relation to treatment response. In this prospective observational study, RNA sequencing was performed on pre-treatment endoscopic EAC biopsies from a discovery cohort included between 2012 and 2017 in one Dutch Academic Center. Four additional cohorts were analyzed for validation purposes. Unsupervised clustering was performed on 107 patients to identify biological EAC subgroups. Specific cell signaling profiles were identified and evaluated with respect to predicting response to neo-adjuvant chemo(radio)therapy. We identified and validated three distinct biological EAC subgroups, characterized by (1) p38 MAPK/Toll-like receptor signaling; (2) activated immune system; and (3) impaired cell adhesion. Subgroup 1 was associated with poor response to chemo-radiotherapy. Moreover, an immune signature with activated T-cell signaling, and increased number of activated CD4 T memory cells, neutrophils and dendritic cells, and decreased M1 and M2 macrophages and plasma cells, was associated with complete histopathological response. This study provides a novel molecular classification for EACs. EAC subgroup 1 proved to be more therapy-resistant, while immune signaling was increased in patients with complete response to chemo-radiotherapy. Our findings give insight into the biology of EACs and in cellular signaling mechanisms underlying response to neo-adjuvant treatment. Future implementation of this classification will improve patient stratification and enhance the development of targeted therapies.
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Abujudeh S, Zeki SS, van Lanschot MCJ, Pusung M, Weaver JMJ, Li X, Noorani A, Metz AJ, Bornschein J, Bower L, Miremadi A, Fitzgerald RC, Morrissey ER, Lynch AG. Low-cost and clinically applicable copy number profiling using repeat DNA. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:599. [PMID: 35978291 PMCID: PMC9386984 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08681-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Somatic copy number alterations (SCNAs) are an important class of genomic alteration in cancer. They are frequently observed in cancer samples, with studies showing that, on average, SCNAs affect 34% of a cancer cell's genome. Furthermore, SCNAs have been shown to be major drivers of tumour development and have been associated with response to therapy and prognosis. Large-scale cancer genome studies suggest that tumours are driven by somatic copy number alterations (SCNAs) or single-nucleotide variants (SNVs). Despite the frequency of SCNAs and their clinical relevance, the use of genomics assays in the clinic is biased towards targeted gene panels, which identify SNVs but provide limited scope to detect SCNAs throughout the genome. There is a need for a comparably low-cost and simple method for high-resolution SCNA profiling. RESULTS We present conliga, a fully probabilistic method that infers SCNA profiles from a low-cost, simple, and clinically-relevant assay (FAST-SeqS). When applied to 11 high-purity oesophageal adenocarcinoma samples, we obtain good agreement (Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, rs=0.94) between conliga's inferred SCNA profiles using FAST-SeqS data (approximately £14 per sample) and those inferred by ASCAT using high-coverage WGS (gold-standard). We find that conliga outperforms CNVkit (rs=0.89), also applied to FAST-SeqS data, and is comparable to QDNAseq (rs=0.96) applied to low-coverage WGS, which is approximately four-fold more expensive, more laborious and less clinically-relevant. By performing an in silico dilution series experiment, we find that conliga is particularly suited to detecting SCNAs in low tumour purity samples. At two million reads per sample, conliga is able to detect SCNAs in all nine samples at 3% tumour purity and as low as 0.5% purity in one sample. Crucially, we show that conliga's hidden state information can be used to decide when a sample is abnormal or normal, whereas CNVkit and QDNAseq cannot provide this critical information. CONCLUSIONS We show that conliga provides high-resolution SCNA profiles using a convenient, low-cost assay. We believe conliga makes FAST-SeqS a more clinically valuable assay as well as a useful research tool, enabling inexpensive and fast copy number profiling of pre-malignant and cancer samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Abujudeh
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK.
| | - Sebastian S Zeki
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. .,Department of Gastroenterology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Trust, London, SE1 7EH, UK.
| | | | - Mark Pusung
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jamie M J Weaver
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Medical Oncology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, M20 4TX, UK
| | - Xiaodun Li
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ayesha Noorani
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Andrew J Metz
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jan Bornschein
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lawrence Bower
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Ahmad Miremadi
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Rebecca C Fitzgerald
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Edward R Morrissey
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK. .,Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Andy G Lynch
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK. .,School of Mathematics and Statistics/School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK.
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Sugano K, Spechler SJ, El-Omar EM, McColl KEL, Takubo K, Gotoda T, Fujishiro M, Iijima K, Inoue H, Kawai T, Kinoshita Y, Miwa H, Mukaisho KI, Murakami K, Seto Y, Tajiri H, Bhatia S, Choi MG, Fitzgerald RC, Fock KM, Goh KL, Ho KY, Mahachai V, O'Donovan M, Odze R, Peek R, Rugge M, Sharma P, Sollano JD, Vieth M, Wu J, Wu MS, Zou D, Kaminishi M, Malfertheiner P. Kyoto international consensus report on anatomy, pathophysiology and clinical significance of the gastro-oesophageal junction. Gut 2022; 71:1488-1514. [PMID: 35725291 PMCID: PMC9279854 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2022-327281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE An international meeting was organised to develop consensus on (1) the landmarks to define the gastro-oesophageal junction (GOJ), (2) the occurrence and pathophysiological significance of the cardiac gland, (3) the definition of the gastro-oesophageal junctional zone (GOJZ) and (4) the causes of inflammation, metaplasia and neoplasia occurring in the GOJZ. DESIGN Clinical questions relevant to the afore-mentioned major issues were drafted for which expert panels formulated relevant statements and textural explanations.A Delphi method using an anonymous system was employed to develop the consensus, the level of which was predefined as ≥80% of agreement. Two rounds of voting and amendments were completed before the meeting at which clinical questions and consensus were finalised. RESULTS Twenty eight clinical questions and statements were finalised after extensive amendments. Critical consensus was achieved: (1) definition for the GOJ, (2) definition of the GOJZ spanning 1 cm proximal and distal to the GOJ as defined by the end of palisade vessels was accepted based on the anatomical distribution of cardiac type gland, (3) chemical and bacterial (Helicobacter pylori) factors as the primary causes of inflammation, metaplasia and neoplasia occurring in the GOJZ, (4) a new definition of Barrett's oesophagus (BO). CONCLUSIONS This international consensus on the new definitions of BO, GOJ and the GOJZ will be instrumental in future studies aiming to resolve many issues on this important anatomic area and hopefully will lead to better classification and management of the diseases surrounding the GOJ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Sugano
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Stuart Jon Spechler
- Division of Gastroenterology, Center for Esophageal Diseases, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Emad M El-Omar
- Microbiome Research Centre, St George & Sutherland Clinical Campuses, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Health, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kenneth E L McColl
- Division of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Kaiyo Takubo
- Research Team for Geriatric Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuji Gotoda
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Fujishiro
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsunori Iijima
- Department of Gastroenterology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Haruhiro Inoue
- Digestive Disease Center, Showa University Koto Toyosu Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Kawai
- Department of Gastroenterological Endoscopy, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Hiroto Miwa
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Ken-ichi Mukaisho
- Education Center for Medicine and Nursing, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Kazunari Murakami
- Department of Gastroenterology, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yuhu, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Seto
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hisao Tajiri
- Jikei University School of Medicine, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Myung-Gyu Choi
- Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, The Republic of Korea
| | - Rebecca C Fitzgerald
- Medical Research Council Cancer Unit, Hutchison/Medical Research Council Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kwong Ming Fock
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Duke NUS School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Khek Yu Ho
- Department of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Varocha Mahachai
- Center of Excellence in Digestive Diseases, Thammasat University and Science Resarch and Innovation, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Maria O'Donovan
- Department of Histopathology, Cambridge University Hospital NHS Trust UK, Cambridge, UK
| | - Robert Odze
- Department of Pathology, Tuft University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Richard Peek
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Massimo Rugge
- Department of Medicine DIMED, Surgical Pathology and Cytopathology Unit, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Prateek Sharma
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Jose D Sollano
- Department of Medicine, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines
| | - Michael Vieth
- Institute of Pathology, Klinikum Bayreuth, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen, Nurenberg, Germany
| | - Justin Wu
- Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ming-Shiang Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Duowu Zou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Peter Malfertheiner
- Medizinixhe Klinik und Poliklinik II, Ludwig Maximillian University Klinikum, Munich, Germany,Klinik und Poliklinik für Radiologie, Ludwig Maximillian University Klinikum, Munich, Germany
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Li S, Hoefnagel SJM, Read M, Meijer S, van Berge Henegouwen MI, Gisbertz SS, Bonora E, Liu DSH, Phillips WA, Calpe S, Correia ACP, Sancho-Serra MDC, Mattioli S, Krishnadath KK. Selective targeting BMP2 and 4 in SMAD4 negative esophageal adenocarcinoma inhibits tumor growth and aggressiveness in preclinical models. Cell Oncol 2022; 45:639-658. [PMID: 35902550 PMCID: PMC9333053 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-022-00689-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Abnormalities within the Sonic Hedgehog (SHH), Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP) and SMAD4 signalling pathways have been associated with the malignant behavior of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). We recently developed two specific llama-derived antibodies (VHHs), C4C4 and C8C8, which target BMP4 and BMP2/4, respectively. Here we aimed to demonstrate the feasibility of the VHHs for the treatment of EAC and to elucidate its underlying mechanism. Methods Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) was performed on a TCGA dataset, while expression of SHH, BMP2/4 and SMAD4 was validated in a cohort of EAC patients. The effects of the VHHs were tested on the recently established SMAD4(-) ISO76A primary EAC cell line and its counterpart SMAD4(+) ISO76A. In a patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model, the VHHs were evaluated for their ability to selectively target tumor cells and for their effects on tumor growth and survival. Results High expression of BMP2/4 was detected in all SMAD4 negative EACs. SHH upregulated BMP2/4 expression and induced p38 MAPK signaling in the SMAD4(-) ISO76A cells. Inhibition of BMP2/4 by VHHs decreased the aggressive and chemo-resistant phenotype of the SMAD4(-) ISO76A but not of the SMAD4(+) ISO76A cells. In the PDX model, in vivo imaging indicated that VHHs effectively targeted tumor cells. Both VHHs significantly inhibited tumor growth and acted synergistically with cisplatin. Furthermore, we found that C8C8 significantly improved survival of the mice. Conclusions Our data indicate that increased BMP2/4 expression triggers aggressive non-canonical BMP signaling in SMAD4 negative EAC. Inhibiting BMP2/4 decreases malignant behavior and improves survival. Therefore, VHHs directed against BMP2/4 hold promise for the treatment of SMAD4 negative EAC. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13402-022-00689-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shulin Li
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sanne J M Hoefnagel
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Matthew Read
- Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.,Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sybren Meijer
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, Cancer Center Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mark I van Berge Henegouwen
- Department of Surgery, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Suzanne S Gisbertz
- Department of Surgery, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Elena Bonora
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, U.O. Genetica Medica, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - David S H Liu
- Upper Gatrointestinal Unit, Department of Surgery, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia.,Division of Cancer Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Wayne A Phillips
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Silvia Calpe
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ana C P Correia
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Maria D C Sancho-Serra
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sandro Mattioli
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, U.O. Genetica Medica, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Division of Thoracic Surgery, Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research Group, Cotignola, 48022, Ravenna, Italy
| | - Kausilia K Krishnadath
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. .,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. .,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium. .,Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
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40
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Hughes R, Elliott RJR, Li X, Munro AF, Makda A, Carter RN, Morton NM, Fujihara K, Clemons NJ, Fitzgerald R, O’Neill JR, Hupp T, Carragher NO. Multiparametric High-Content Cell Painting Identifies Copper Ionophores as Selective Modulators of Esophageal Cancer Phenotypes. ACS Chem Biol 2022; 17:1876-1889. [PMID: 35696676 PMCID: PMC9295120 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.2c00301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Esophageal adenocarcinoma is of increasing global concern due to increasing incidence, a lack of effective treatments, and poor prognosis. Therapeutic target discovery and clinical trials have been hindered by the heterogeneity of the disease, the lack of "druggable" driver mutations, and the dominance of large-scale genomic rearrangements. We have previously undertaken a comprehensive small-molecule phenotypic screen using the high-content Cell Painting assay to quantify the morphological response to a total of 19,555 small molecules across a panel of genetically distinct human esophageal cell lines to identify new therapeutic targets and small molecules for the treatment of esophageal adenocarcinoma. In this current study, we report for the first time the dose-response validation studies for the 72 screening hits from the target-annotated LOPAC and Prestwick FDA-approved compound libraries and the full list of 51 validated esophageal adenocarcinoma-selective small molecules (71% validation rate). We then focus on the most potent and selective hit molecules, elesclomol, disulfiram, and ammonium pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate. Using a multipronged, multitechnology approach, we uncover a unified mechanism of action and a vulnerability in esophageal adenocarcinoma toward copper-dependent cell death that could be targeted in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca
E. Hughes
- Cancer
Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics & Cancer, The University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, U.K.
| | - Richard J. R. Elliott
- Cancer
Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics & Cancer, The University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, U.K.
| | - Xiaodun Li
- MRC
Cancer Unit, Hutchison-MRC Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, U.K.
| | - Alison F. Munro
- Cancer
Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics & Cancer, The University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, U.K.
| | - Ashraff Makda
- Cancer
Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics & Cancer, The University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, U.K.
| | - Roderick N. Carter
- Centre
for Clinical Brain Sciences, Chancellors Building, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, U.K.
- Centre
for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen’s
Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh BioQuarter, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, U.K.
| | - Nicholas M. Morton
- Centre
for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen’s
Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh BioQuarter, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, U.K.
| | - Kenji Fujihara
- Gastrointestinal
Cancer Program, Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne 3000, Victoria, Australia
- Sir Peter
MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University
of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nicholas J. Clemons
- Gastrointestinal
Cancer Program, Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne 3000, Victoria, Australia
- Sir Peter
MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University
of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rebecca Fitzgerald
- Early
Cancer Institute, Hutchison Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, U.K.
| | - J. Robert O’Neill
- Cambridge
Oesophagogastric Centre, Cambridge University
Hospitals Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, U.K.
| | - Ted Hupp
- Cancer
Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics & Cancer, The University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, U.K.
| | - Neil O. Carragher
- Cancer
Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics & Cancer, The University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, U.K.
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41
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Nguyen L, Van Hoeck A, Cuppen E. Machine learning-based tissue of origin classification for cancer of unknown primary diagnostics using genome-wide mutation features. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4013. [PMID: 35817764 PMCID: PMC9273599 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31666-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancers of unknown primary (CUP) origin account for ∼3% of all cancer diagnoses, whereby the tumor tissue of origin (TOO) cannot be determined. Using a uniformly processed dataset encompassing 6756 whole-genome sequenced primary and metastatic tumors, we develop Cancer of Unknown Primary Location Resolver (CUPLR), a random forest TOO classifier that employs 511 features based on simple and complex somatic driver and passenger mutations. CUPLR distinguishes 35 cancer (sub)types with ∼90% recall and ∼90% precision based on cross-validation and test set predictions. We find that structural variant derived features increase the performance and utility for classifying specific cancer types. With CUPLR, we could determine the TOO for 82/141 (58%) of CUP patients. Although CUPLR is based on machine learning, it provides a human interpretable graphical report with detailed feature explanations. The comprehensive output of CUPLR complements existing histopathological procedures and can enable improved diagnostics for CUP patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luan Nguyen
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Arne Van Hoeck
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Edwin Cuppen
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands. .,Hartwig Medical Foundation, Science Park 408, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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42
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Sharpe BP, Hayden A, Manousopoulou A, Cowie A, Walker RC, Harrington J, Izadi F, Breininger SP, Gibson J, Pickering O, Jaynes E, Kyle E, Saunders JH, Parsons SL, Ritchie AA, Clarke PA, Collier P, Mongan NP, Bates DO, Yacqub-Usman K, Garbis SD, Walters Z, Rose-Zerilli M, Grabowska AM, Underwood TJ. Phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors enhance chemotherapy in preclinical models of esophageal adenocarcinoma by targeting cancer-associated fibroblasts. Cell Rep Med 2022; 3:100541. [PMID: 35732148 PMCID: PMC9244979 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2022.100541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The chemotherapy resistance of esophageal adenocarcinomas (EACs) is underpinned by cancer cell extrinsic mechanisms of the tumor microenvironment (TME). We demonstrate that, by targeting the tumor-promoting functions of the predominant TME cell type, cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) with phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors (PDE5i), we can enhance the efficacy of standard-of-care chemotherapy. In ex vivo conditions, PDE5i prevent the transdifferentiation of normal fibroblasts to CAF and abolish the tumor-promoting function of established EAC CAFs. Using shotgun proteomics and single-cell RNA-seq, we reveal PDE5i-specific regulation of pathways related to fibroblast activation and tumor promotion. Finally, we confirm the efficacy of PDE5i in combination with chemotherapy in close-to-patient and in vivo PDX-based model systems. These findings demonstrate that CAFs drive chemotherapy resistance in EACs and can be targeted by repurposing PDE5i, a safe and well-tolerated class of drug administered to millions of patients world-wide to treat erectile dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin P Sharpe
- School of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Room CS B2, MP824, Somers Cancer Research Building, University Hospital Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Annette Hayden
- School of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Room CS B2, MP824, Somers Cancer Research Building, University Hospital Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | | | - Andrew Cowie
- School of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Room CS B2, MP824, Somers Cancer Research Building, University Hospital Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Robert C Walker
- School of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Room CS B2, MP824, Somers Cancer Research Building, University Hospital Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Jack Harrington
- School of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Room CS B2, MP824, Somers Cancer Research Building, University Hospital Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Fereshteh Izadi
- School of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Room CS B2, MP824, Somers Cancer Research Building, University Hospital Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK; Centre for NanoHealth, Swansea University Medical School, Singleton Campus, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Stella P Breininger
- School of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Room CS B2, MP824, Somers Cancer Research Building, University Hospital Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Jane Gibson
- School of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Room CS B2, MP824, Somers Cancer Research Building, University Hospital Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Oliver Pickering
- School of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Room CS B2, MP824, Somers Cancer Research Building, University Hospital Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Eleanor Jaynes
- University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Ewan Kyle
- School of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Room CS B2, MP824, Somers Cancer Research Building, University Hospital Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - John H Saunders
- Ex Vivo Cancer Pharmacology Centre of Excellence, School of Medicine, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford M6 8HD, UK
| | - Simon L Parsons
- Ex Vivo Cancer Pharmacology Centre of Excellence, School of Medicine, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Hucknall Road, Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK
| | - Alison A Ritchie
- Ex Vivo Cancer Pharmacology Centre of Excellence, School of Medicine, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Philip A Clarke
- Ex Vivo Cancer Pharmacology Centre of Excellence, School of Medicine, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Pamela Collier
- Ex Vivo Cancer Pharmacology Centre of Excellence, School of Medicine, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Nigel P Mongan
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA; Biodiscovery Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK
| | - David O Bates
- Ex Vivo Cancer Pharmacology Centre of Excellence, School of Medicine, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Kiren Yacqub-Usman
- Ex Vivo Cancer Pharmacology Centre of Excellence, School of Medicine, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | | | - Zoë Walters
- School of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Room CS B2, MP824, Somers Cancer Research Building, University Hospital Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Matthew Rose-Zerilli
- School of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Room CS B2, MP824, Somers Cancer Research Building, University Hospital Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Anna M Grabowska
- Ex Vivo Cancer Pharmacology Centre of Excellence, School of Medicine, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Timothy J Underwood
- School of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Room CS B2, MP824, Somers Cancer Research Building, University Hospital Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK.
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Sihag S, Nussenzweig SC, Walch HS, Hsu M, Tan KS, De La Torre S, Janjigian YY, Maron SB, Ku GY, Tang LH, Shah PM, Wu A, Jones DR, Solit DB, Schultz N, Ganesh K, Berger MF, Molena D. The Role of the TP53 Pathway in Predicting Response to Neoadjuvant Therapy in Esophageal Adenocarcinoma. Clin Cancer Res 2022; 28:2669-2678. [PMID: 35377946 PMCID: PMC9197876 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-21-4016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In patients with locally advanced esophageal adenocarcinoma, response to neoadjuvant therapy strongly predicts survival, but robust molecular predictors of response have been lacking. We therefore sought to discover meaningful predictors of response in these patients. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We retrospectively identified all patients with adenocarcinoma of the lower esophagus or gastroesophageal junction who (i) were treated with multimodality therapy with curative intent at our institution from 2014 through 2020 and (ii) underwent prospective sequencing by Memorial Sloan Kettering-Integrated Mutation Profiling of Actionable Cancer Targets. Clinicopathologic and genomic data were analyzed to identify potential genomic features, somatic alterations, and oncogenic pathways associated with treatment response. RESULTS In total, 237 patients were included. MDM2 amplification was independently associated with poor response to neoadjuvant therapy [OR, 0.10 (95% confidence interval, 0.01-0.55); P = 0.032], when accounting for significant clinicopathologic variables, including clinical stage, tumor grade, and chemotherapy regimen. Moreover, TP53 pathway alterations, grouped according to inferred severity of TP53 dysfunction, were significantly associated with response to neoadjuvant therapy (P = 0.004, q = 0.07). Patients with MDM2 amplifications or truncating biallelic TP53 mutations had similar outcomes in terms of poor responses to neoadjuvant therapy and, consequently, shorter progression-free survival, compared with patients with TP53 pathway wild-type tumors. Thus, worsening TP53 dysfunction was directly correlated with worse outcomes. CONCLUSIONS MDM2 amplification and TP53 status are associated with response to therapy in patients with esophageal adenocarcinoma. Given the dearth of actionable targets in esophageal adenocarcinoma, MDM2 inhibition, in combination with cytotoxic chemotherapy, may represent an important therapeutic strategy to overcome treatment resistance and improve outcomes in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smita Sihag
- Thoracic Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065,Co-Corresponding Authors: Daniela Molena, M.D. 1275 York Avenue, Office C878, New York, NY 10065, 212-639-3970, , Smita Sihag, M.D., M.P.H. 1275 York Avenue, Office C881, New York, NY 10065, 212-639-3309,
| | - Samuel C. Nussenzweig
- Thoracic Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065
| | - Henry S. Walch
- Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065
| | - Meier Hsu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065
| | - Kay See Tan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065
| | - Sergio De La Torre
- Thoracic Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065
| | - Yelena Y. Janjigian
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065
| | - Steven B. Maron
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065
| | - Geoffrey Y. Ku
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065
| | - Laura H. Tang
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065
| | - Pari M. Shah
- Department of Gastroenterology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065
| | - Abraham Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065
| | - David R. Jones
- Thoracic Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065
| | - David B. Solit
- Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065
| | - Nikolaus Schultz
- Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065
| | - Karuna Ganesh
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065
| | - Michael F. Berger
- Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065
| | - Daniela Molena
- Thoracic Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065,Co-Corresponding Authors: Daniela Molena, M.D. 1275 York Avenue, Office C878, New York, NY 10065, 212-639-3970, , Smita Sihag, M.D., M.P.H. 1275 York Avenue, Office C881, New York, NY 10065, 212-639-3309,
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44
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Wang Y, Cuggia A, Chen YI, Parent J, Stanek A, Denroche RE, Zhang A, Grant RC, Domecq C, Golesworthy B, Shwaartz C, Borgida A, Holter S, Wilson JM, Chong G, O'Kane GM, Knox JJ, Fischer SE, Gallinger S, Gao ZH, Foulkes WD, Waschke KA, Zogopoulos G. Is Biannual Surveillance for Pancreatic Cancer Sufficient in Individuals With Genetic Syndromes or Familial Pancreatic Cancer? J Natl Compr Canc Netw 2022; 20:663-673.e12. [PMID: 35714671 DOI: 10.6004/jnccn.2021.7107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals with a family history of pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PC) or with a germline mutation in a PC susceptibility gene are at increased risk of developing PC. These high-risk individuals (HRIs) may benefit from PC surveillance. METHODS A PC surveillance program was developed to evaluate the detection of premalignant lesions and early-stage PCs using biannual imaging and to determine whether locally advanced or metastatic PCs develop despite biannual surveillance. From January 2013 to April 2020, asymptomatic HRIs were enrolled and followed with alternating MRI and endoscopic ultrasound every 6 months. RESULTS Of 75 HRIs, 43 (57.3%) had a germline mutation in a PC susceptibility gene and 32 (42.7%) had a familial pancreatic cancer (FPC) pedigree. Branch-duct intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (BD-IPMNs) were identified in 26 individuals (34.7%), but only 2 developed progressive lesions. One patient with Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (PJS) developed locally advanced PC arising from a BD-IPMN. Whole-genome sequencing of this patient's PC and of a second patient with PJS-associated PC from the same kindred revealed biallelic inactivation of STK11 in a KRAS-independent manner. A review of 3,853 patients from 2 PC registries identified an additional patient with PJS-associated PC. All 3 patients with PJS developed advanced PC consistent with the malignant transformation of an underlying BD-IPMN in <6 months. The other surveillance patient with a progressive lesion had FPC and underwent resection of a mixed-type IPMN that harbored polyclonal KRAS mutations. CONCLUSIONS PC surveillance identifies a high prevalence of BD-IPMNs in HRIs. Patients with PJS with BD-IPMNs may be at risk for accelerated malignant transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Wang
- Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute
| | - Adeline Cuggia
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute
| | - Yen-I Chen
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, and
| | - Josée Parent
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, and
| | - Agatha Stanek
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec
| | | | - Amy Zhang
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario
| | - Robert C Grant
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario
- Wallace McCain Centre for Pancreatic Cancer, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario
| | - Céline Domecq
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute
| | - Bryn Golesworthy
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute
| | - Chaya Shwaartz
- Wallace McCain Centre for Pancreatic Cancer, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario
| | - Ayelet Borgida
- Ontario Pancreas Cancer Study, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario
| | - Spring Holter
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario
| | | | - George Chong
- Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec
| | - Grainne M O'Kane
- Wallace McCain Centre for Pancreatic Cancer, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario
| | - Jennifer J Knox
- Wallace McCain Centre for Pancreatic Cancer, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario
| | | | - Steven Gallinger
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario
- Wallace McCain Centre for Pancreatic Cancer, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario
- Ontario Pancreas Cancer Study, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario
| | | | - William D Foulkes
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec
- Department of Human Genetics, and
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - George Zogopoulos
- Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute
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45
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Kadian LK, Arora M, Prasad CP, Pramanik R, Chauhan SS. Signaling pathways and their potential therapeutic utility in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Clin Transl Oncol 2022; 24:1014-1032. [PMID: 34990001 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-021-02763-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Esophageal cancer is a complex gastrointestinal malignancy with an extremely poor outcome. Approximately 80% of cases of this malignancy in Asian countries including India are of squamous cell origin, termed Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma (ESCC).The five-year survival rate in ESCC patients is less than 20%. Neo-adjuvant chemo-radiotherapy (NACRT) followed by surgical resection remains the major therapeutic strategy for patients with operable ESCC. However, resistance to NACRT and local recurrence after initial treatment are the leading cause of dismal outcomes in these patients. Therefore, an alternative strategy to promote response to the therapy and reduce the post-operative disease recurrence is highly needed. At the molecular level, wide variations have been observed in tumor characteristics among different populations, nevertheless, several common molecular features have been identified which orchestrate disease progression and clinical outcome in the malignancy. Therefore, determination of candidate molecular pathways for targeted therapy remains the mainstream idea of focus in ESCC research. In this review, we have discussed the key signaling pathways associated with ESCC, i.e., Notch, Wnt, and Nrf2 pathways, and their crosstalk during disease progression. We further discuss the recent developments of novel agents to target these pathways in the context of targeted cancer therapy. In-depth research of the signaling pathways, gene signatures, and a combinatorial approach may help in discovering targeted therapy for ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- L K Kadian
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - M Arora
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - C P Prasad
- Department of Medical Oncology (Lab), Dr. B. R. Ambedkar-IRCH, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - R Pramanik
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar-IRCH, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - S S Chauhan
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
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46
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Paulson TG, Galipeau PC, Oman KM, Sanchez CA, Kuhner MK, Smith LP, Hadi K, Shah M, Arora K, Shelton J, Johnson M, Corvelo A, Maley CC, Yao X, Sanghvi R, Venturini E, Emde AK, Hubert B, Imielinski M, Robine N, Reid BJ, Li X. Somatic whole genome dynamics of precancer in Barrett's esophagus reveals features associated with disease progression. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2300. [PMID: 35484108 PMCID: PMC9050715 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29767-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
While the genomes of normal tissues undergo dynamic changes over time, little is understood about the temporal-spatial dynamics of genomes in premalignant tissues that progress to cancer compared to those that remain cancer-free. Here we use whole genome sequencing to contrast genomic alterations in 427 longitudinal samples from 40 patients with stable Barrett’s esophagus compared to 40 Barrett’s patients who progressed to esophageal adenocarcinoma (ESAD). We show the same somatic mutational processes are active in Barrett’s tissue regardless of outcome, with high levels of mutation, ESAD gene and focal chromosomal alterations, and similar mutational signatures. The critical distinction between stable Barrett’s versus those who progress to cancer is acquisition and expansion of TP53−/− cell populations having complex structural variants and high-level amplifications, which are detectable up to six years prior to a cancer diagnosis. These findings reveal the timing of common somatic genome dynamics in stable Barrett’s esophagus and define key genomic features specific to progression to esophageal adenocarcinoma, both of which are critical for cancer prevention and early detection strategies. Barrett’s esophagus is a pre-malignant condition that can progress to esophageal cancer. Here, the authors carry out whole genome sequencing of samples from patients who did or did not progress to cancer and find that mutations in many genes occur regardless of progression status, but also find features associated with progressive disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas G Paulson
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98109-1024, USA.
| | - Patricia C Galipeau
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98109-1024, USA
| | - Kenji M Oman
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98109-1024, USA
| | - Carissa A Sanchez
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98109-1024, USA
| | - Mary K Kuhner
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195-5065, USA.,Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, Seattle, WA, 98195-5065, USA
| | - Lucian P Smith
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195-5065, USA
| | - Kevin Hadi
- New York Genome Center (NYGC), New York, NY, 10013, USA
| | - Minita Shah
- New York Genome Center (NYGC), New York, NY, 10013, USA
| | - Kanika Arora
- New York Genome Center (NYGC), New York, NY, 10013, USA
| | | | - Molly Johnson
- New York Genome Center (NYGC), New York, NY, 10013, USA
| | - Andre Corvelo
- New York Genome Center (NYGC), New York, NY, 10013, USA
| | - Carlo C Maley
- Arizona Cancer Evolution Center, Biodesign Institute and School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA
| | - Xiaotong Yao
- New York Genome Center (NYGC), New York, NY, 10013, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Marcin Imielinski
- New York Genome Center (NYGC), New York, NY, 10013, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Institute for Computational Biomedicine and Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | | | - Brian J Reid
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98109-1024, USA.,Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195-5065, USA.,Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, Seattle, WA, 98195-5065, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Xiaohong Li
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98109-1024, USA.
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47
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Due SL, Watson DI, Bastian I, Eichelmann AK, Hussey DJ. Oestrogen Receptor Isoforms May Represent a Therapeutic Target in Oesophageal Adenocarcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14081891. [PMID: 35454796 PMCID: PMC9032750 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14081891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Oesophageal adenocarcinoma is a lethal malignancy with limited treatment options. Recent studies have identified oestrogen receptors (ERs) in this cancer, which could represent a new target for therapy. In this study, we used laboratory models of oesophageal adenocarcinoma to look for the presence of variant forms of ERs. We also assessed the response to treatment with a drug that acts through these ERs. We found that variant forms of ERs do exist in this malignancy and that some of the variants appear to be important in order for the cells to respond to treatment. This could be due to interactions between different ERs, or between ERs and other molecules that are known to be important in cancer growth. Our findings are encouraging in that drugs that act through ERs might be useful for patients with oesophageal adenocarcinoma in the future. Abstract Oesophageal adenocarcinoma is a rapidly increasing problem in which treatment options are limited. Previous studies have shown that oesophageal adenocarcinoma cells and tissues express oestrogen receptors (ERs) and show growth suppression and apoptosis in response to ER modulator agents such as tamoxifen. ERs are known to be expressed in a number of isoforms that act together to regulate cell growth and cell death. In this study, we used western blotting to profile the expression of ERα and ERβ isoforms, and expression of the oncologically related molecules p53, HER2, and EGFR, in a panel of oesophageal adenocarcinoma cell lines. The cytotoxicity of tamoxifen in the cell lines was determined with Annexin V-FITC flow cytometry, and correlations between cytotoxicity and receptor expression were assessed using Spearman’s rank-order correlation. Oesophageal adenocarcinoma cell lines showed varying cytotoxicity in response to tamoxifen. The ER species ERα90, ERα50, and ERα46, as well as p53, were positively associated with a cytotoxic response. Conversely, ERα74, ERα70, and ERβ54 were associated with a lack of cytotoxic response. The ER species detected in oesophageal adenocarcinoma cells may work together to confer sensitivity to ER modulators in this disease, which could open up a new avenue for therapy in selected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven L Due
- Department of Surgery, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute-Cancer Program, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia
| | - David I Watson
- Department of Surgery, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute-Cancer Program, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia
| | - Isabell Bastian
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute-Cancer Program, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia
| | - Ann-Kathrin Eichelmann
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute-Cancer Program, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia
| | - Damian J Hussey
- Department of Surgery, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute-Cancer Program, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia
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48
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Ng AWT, Contino G, Killcoyne S, Devonshire G, Hsu R, Abbas S, Su J, Redmond AM, Weaver JMJ, Eldridge MD, Tavaré S, Edwards PAW, Fitzgerald RC. Rearrangement processes and structural variations show evidence of selection in oesophageal adenocarcinomas. Commun Biol 2022; 5:335. [PMID: 35396535 PMCID: PMC8993906 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03238-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Oesophageal adenocarcinoma (OAC) provides an ideal case study to characterize large-scale rearrangements. Using whole genome short-read sequencing of 383 cases, for which 214 had matched whole transcriptomes, we observed structural variations (SV) with a predominance of deletions, tandem duplications and inter-chromosome junctions that could be identified as LINE-1 mobile element (ME) insertions. Complex clusters of rearrangements resembling breakage-fusion-bridge cycles or extrachromosomal circular DNA accounted for 22% of complex SVs affecting known oncogenes. Counting SV events affecting known driver genes substantially increased the recurrence rates of these drivers. After excluding fragile sites, we identified 51 candidate new drivers in genomic regions disrupted by SVs, including ETV5, KAT6B and CLTC. RUNX1 was the most recurrently altered gene (24%), with many deletions inactivating the RUNT domain but preserved the reading frame, suggesting an altered protein product. These findings underscore the importance of identification of SV events in OAC with implications for targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvin Wei Tian Ng
- Medical Research Council Cancer Unit, Hutchison/Medical Research Council Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Gianmarco Contino
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical & Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, B15 2GW, UK
| | - Sarah Killcoyne
- Medical Research Council Cancer Unit, Hutchison/Medical Research Council Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute EMBL-EBI, Hinxton, UK
| | - Ginny Devonshire
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ray Hsu
- Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sujath Abbas
- Medical Research Council Cancer Unit, Hutchison/Medical Research Council Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jing Su
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Aisling M Redmond
- Medical Research Council Cancer Unit, Hutchison/Medical Research Council Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jamie M J Weaver
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Matthew D Eldridge
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Simon Tavaré
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Irving Institute for Cancer Dynamics, Columbia University, New York, USA
- Department of Statistics, Columbia University, New York, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, USA
| | - Paul A W Edwards
- Medical Research Council Cancer Unit, Hutchison/Medical Research Council Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Rebecca C Fitzgerald
- Medical Research Council Cancer Unit, Hutchison/Medical Research Council Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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49
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Lee D, Wang D, Yang XR, Shi J, Landi MT, Zhu B. SUITOR: Selecting the number of mutational signatures through cross-validation. PLoS Comput Biol 2022; 18:e1009309. [PMID: 35377867 PMCID: PMC9009674 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
For de novo mutational signature analysis, the critical first step is to decide how many signatures should be expected in a cancer genomics study. An incorrect number could mislead downstream analyses. Here we present SUITOR (Selecting the nUmber of mutatIonal signaTures thrOugh cRoss-validation), an unsupervised cross-validation method that requires little assumptions and no numerical approximations to select the optimal number of signatures without overfitting the data. In vitro studies and in silico simulations demonstrated that SUITOR can correctly identify signatures, some of which were missed by other widely used methods. Applied to 2,540 whole-genome sequenced tumors across 22 cancer types, SUITOR selected signatures with the smallest prediction errors and almost all signatures of breast cancer selected by SUITOR were validated in an independent breast cancer study. SUITOR is a powerful tool to select the optimal number of mutational signatures, facilitating downstream analyses with etiological or therapeutic importance. Mutational signatures are the footprints of exogenous exposures and endogenous mutational processes on the cancer genomes. To estimate de novo mutational signatures, the first step is to decide how many signatures should be extracted in a cancer genomics study, which determines downstream analytical steps and has been insufficiently studied. We developed SUITOR, an unsupervised cross-validation method to select the optimal number of signatures without overfitting the data. We demonstrated SUITOR’s superior performance using in vitro experimental studies, in silico simulations and in vivo pan-cancer applications of 2,540 whole-genome sequenced tumors across 22 cancer types, and validated signatures of breast cancer in additional 440 breast tumors. SUITOR advances the methodological frontier of identifying de novo mutational signatures and would help discover the causes of cancer and the means of cancer prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghyuk Lee
- Department of Statistics, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea
| | - Difei Wang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Xiaohong R. Yang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jianxin Shi
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Maria Teresa Landi
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Bin Zhu
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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50
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Quante M, Wang TC, Bass AJ. Adenocarcinoma of the oesophagus: is it gastric cancer? Gut 2022; 72:1027-1029. [PMID: 35365571 PMCID: PMC10176420 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2022-327096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Quante
- Klinik für Innere Medizin II, Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Timothy C Wang
- College of Physicians and Surgeons, Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Adam J Bass
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center at Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
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