1
|
Jadav R, Weiland F, Noordermeer SM, Carroll T, Gao Y, Wang J, Zhou H, Lamoliatte F, Toth R, Macartney T, Brown F, Hastie CJ, Alabert C, van Attikum H, Zenke F, Masson JY, Rouse J. Chemo-phosphoproteomic profiling with ATR inhibitors berzosertib and gartisertib uncovers new biomarkers and DNA damage response regulators. Mol Cell Proteomics 2024:100802. [PMID: 38880245 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2024.100802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The ATR kinase protects cells against DNA damage and replication stress and represents a promising anti-cancer drug target. The ATR inhibitors (ATRi) berzosertib and gartisertib are both in clinical trials for the treatment of advanced solid tumours as monotherapy or in combination with genotoxic agents. We carried out quantitative phospho-proteomic screening for ATR biomarkers that are highly sensitive to berzosertib and gartisertib, using an optimized mass spectrometry pipeline. Screening identified a range of novel ATR-dependent phosphorylation events, which were grouped into three broad classes: i) targets whose phosphorylation is highly sensitive to ATRi and which could be the next generation of ATR biomarkers; ii) proteins with known genome maintenance roles not previously known to be regulated by ATR; iii) novel targets whose cellular roles are unclear. Class iii targets represent candidate DNA damage response proteins and, with this in mind, proteins in this class were subjected to secondary screening for recruitment to DNA damage sites. We show that one of the proteins recruited, SCAF1, interacts with RNAPII in a phospho-dependent manner and recruitment requires PARP activity and interaction with RNAPII. We also show that SCAF1 deficiency partly rescues RAD51 loading in cells lacking the BRCA1 tumour suppressor. Taken together these data reveal potential new ATR biomarkers and new genome maintenance factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rathan Jadav
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit and School of Life Sciences, Wellcome Trust Biocentre, University of Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Florian Weiland
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit and School of Life Sciences, Wellcome Trust Biocentre, University of Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Sylvie M Noordermeer
- Dept of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC Leiden, Netherlands; Oncode institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Carroll
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit and School of Life Sciences, Wellcome Trust Biocentre, University of Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Yuandi Gao
- CHU de Quebec Research Center, Oncology Division, Dept. of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry and Pathology, Laval University Cancer Research Center, 9 McMahon Drive, Quebec Cit, QC G1R 3S3, Canada
| | - Jianming Wang
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit and School of Life Sciences, Wellcome Trust Biocentre, University of Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Houjiang Zhou
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit and School of Life Sciences, Wellcome Trust Biocentre, University of Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Frederic Lamoliatte
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit and School of Life Sciences, Wellcome Trust Biocentre, University of Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Rachel Toth
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit and School of Life Sciences, Wellcome Trust Biocentre, University of Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Thomas Macartney
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit and School of Life Sciences, Wellcome Trust Biocentre, University of Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Fiona Brown
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit and School of Life Sciences, Wellcome Trust Biocentre, University of Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK
| | - C James Hastie
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit and School of Life Sciences, Wellcome Trust Biocentre, University of Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Constance Alabert
- Division of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Wellcome Trust Biocentre, University of Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Haico van Attikum
- CHU de Quebec Research Center, Oncology Division, Dept. of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry and Pathology, Laval University Cancer Research Center, 9 McMahon Drive, Quebec Cit, QC G1R 3S3, Canada
| | - Frank Zenke
- EMD Serono, Research Unit Oncology, Billerica, MA, USA
| | - Jean-Yves Masson
- CHU de Quebec Research Center, Oncology Division, Dept. of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry and Pathology, Laval University Cancer Research Center, 9 McMahon Drive, Quebec Cit, QC G1R 3S3, Canada
| | - John Rouse
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit and School of Life Sciences, Wellcome Trust Biocentre, University of Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sinha NK, McKenney C, Yeow ZY, Li JJ, Nam KH, Yaron-Barir TM, Johnson JL, Huntsman EM, Cantley LC, Ordureau A, Regot S, Green R. The ribotoxic stress response drives UV-mediated cell death. Cell 2024:S0092-8674(24)00527-0. [PMID: 38843833 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2024.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
While ultraviolet (UV) radiation damages DNA, eliciting the DNA damage response (DDR), it also damages RNA, triggering transcriptome-wide ribosomal collisions and eliciting a ribotoxic stress response (RSR). However, the relative contributions, timing, and regulation of these pathways in determining cell fate is unclear. Here we use time-resolved phosphoproteomic, chemical-genetic, single-cell imaging, and biochemical approaches to create a chronological atlas of signaling events activated in cells responding to UV damage. We discover that UV-induced apoptosis is mediated by the RSR kinase ZAK and not through the DDR. We identify two negative-feedback modules that regulate ZAK-mediated apoptosis: (1) GCN2 activation limits ribosomal collisions and attenuates ZAK-mediated RSR and (2) ZAK activity leads to phosphodegron autophosphorylation and its subsequent degradation. These events tune ZAK's activity to collision levels to establish regimes of homeostasis, tolerance, and death, revealing its key role as the cellular sentinel for nucleic acid damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Niladri K Sinha
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Connor McKenney
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Biochemistry, Cellular and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Zhong Y Yeow
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Jeffrey J Li
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Ki Hong Nam
- Cell Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Tomer M Yaron-Barir
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA; Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA; Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Jared L Johnson
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Emily M Huntsman
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Lewis C Cantley
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Alban Ordureau
- Cell Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | - Sergi Regot
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Rachel Green
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Herr LM, Schaffer ED, Fuchs KF, Datta A, Brosh RM. Replication stress as a driver of cellular senescence and aging. Commun Biol 2024; 7:616. [PMID: 38777831 PMCID: PMC11111458 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06263-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Replication stress refers to slowing or stalling of replication fork progression during DNA synthesis that disrupts faithful copying of the genome. While long considered a nexus for DNA damage, the role of replication stress in aging is under-appreciated. The consequential role of replication stress in promotion of organismal aging phenotypes is evidenced by an extensive list of hereditary accelerated aging disorders marked by molecular defects in factors that promote replication fork progression and operate uniquely in the replication stress response. Additionally, recent studies have revealed cellular pathways and phenotypes elicited by replication stress that align with designated hallmarks of aging. Here we review recent advances demonstrating the role of replication stress as an ultimate driver of cellular senescence and aging. We discuss clinical implications of the intriguing links between cellular senescence and aging including application of senotherapeutic approaches in the context of replication stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M Herr
- Helicases and Genomic Integrity Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ethan D Schaffer
- Helicases and Genomic Integrity Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kathleen F Fuchs
- Helicases and Genomic Integrity Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Arindam Datta
- Helicases and Genomic Integrity Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Robert M Brosh
- Helicases and Genomic Integrity Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chang LX, Zhang L, Gao YM, Zhu XF. [Two cases of cytopenia associated with multiple malformations]. ZHONGGUO DANG DAI ER KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY PEDIATRICS 2024; 26:410-413. [PMID: 38660906 PMCID: PMC11057299 DOI: 10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2311058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
The first patient, a 10-year-old girl, presented with pancytopenia and recurrent epistaxis, along with a history of repeated upper respiratory infections, café-au-lait spots, and microcephaly. Genetic testing revealed compound heterozygous mutations in the DNA ligase IV (LIG4) gene, leading to a diagnosis of LIG4 syndrome. The second patient, a 6-year-old girl, was seen for persistent thrombocytopenia lasting over two years and was noted to have short stature, hyperpigmented skin, and hand malformations. She had a positive result from chromosome breakage test. She was diagnosed with Fanconi anemia complementation group A. Despite similar clinical presentations, the two children were diagnosed with different disorders, suggesting that children with hemocytopenia and malformations should not only be evaluated for hematological diseases but also be screened for other potential underlying conditions such as immune system disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Xian Chang
- Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College/State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology/National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases/Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Tianjin 300020, China (changlixian@ihcams. ac.cn)
| | - Li Zhang
- Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College/State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology/National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases/Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Tianjin 300020, China (changlixian@ihcams. ac.cn)
| | - Yi-Man Gao
- Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College/State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology/National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases/Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Tianjin 300020, China (changlixian@ihcams. ac.cn)
| | - Xiao-Fan Zhu
- Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College/State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology/National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases/Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Tianjin 300020, China (changlixian@ihcams. ac.cn)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ngoi NYL, Pilié PG, McGrail DJ, Zimmermann M, Schlacher K, Yap TA. Targeting ATR in patients with cancer. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2024; 21:278-293. [PMID: 38378898 DOI: 10.1038/s41571-024-00863-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Pharmacological inhibition of the ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related protein serine/threonine kinase (ATR; also known as FRAP-related protein (FRP1)) has emerged as a promising strategy for cancer treatment that exploits synthetic lethal interactions with proteins involved in DNA damage repair, overcomes resistance to other therapies and enhances antitumour immunity. Multiple novel, potent ATR inhibitors are being tested in clinical trials using biomarker-directed approaches and involving patients across a broad range of solid cancer types; some of these inhibitors have now entered phase III trials. Further insight into the complex interactions of ATR with other DNA replication stress response pathway components and with the immune system is necessary in order to optimally harness the potential of ATR inhibitors in the clinic and achieve hypomorphic targeting of the various ATR functions. Furthermore, a deeper understanding of the diverse range of predictive biomarkers of response to ATR inhibitors and of the intraclass differences between these agents could help to refine trial design and patient selection strategies. Key challenges that remain in the clinical development of ATR inhibitors include the optimization of their therapeutic index and the development of rational combinations with these agents. In this Review, we detail the molecular mechanisms regulated by ATR and their clinical relevance, and discuss the challenges that must be addressed to extend the benefit of ATR inhibitors to a broad population of patients with cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Y L Ngoi
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics (Phase I Clinical Trials Program), Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Patrick G Pilié
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Daniel J McGrail
- Center for Immunotherapy and Precision Immuno-Oncology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | - Katharina Schlacher
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Timothy A Yap
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics (Phase I Clinical Trials Program), Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
- Therapeutics Discovery Division, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
- Khalifa Institute for Personalized Cancer Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Abok JI, Garver WS, Edwards JS. Bioinformatic analysis of human ZPR1 gene pathogenic exome mutations. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.27.582196. [PMID: 38464185 PMCID: PMC10925172 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.27.582196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Advanced sequencing technologies enable rapid detection of sequence variants, aiming to uncover the molecular foundations of human genetic disorders. The challenge lies in interpreting the influence of new exome variants that lead to diverse phenotypes. Our study introduces a detailed, multi-tiered method for assessing the impact of novel variants, particularly focusing on the zinc finger protein 1 (ZPR1) gene. Herein, we employed a combination of variant effect predictors, protein stability analyses, and the American College of Medical Genetics and Association of Molecular Pathology (ACMG/AMP) guidelines. Our structural analysis pinpoints specific amino acid residues in the ZPR1 zinc finger domains that are sensitive to changes, distinguishing between benign and disease-causing coding variants using rigorous in silico tools. We examined 223 germline ZPR1 exome variants, uncovering significant ethnic disparities in the frequency of heterozygous harmful ZPR1 variants, ranging from 0.04% in the Ashkenazi Jewish population to 0.34% in African/African Americans. Additionally, the discovery of three homozygous carriers in European and South Asian groups suggests a higher occurrence of ZPR1 variants in these demographics, meriting further exploration. This research provides insights into the prevalence and implications of amino acid substitutions in the ZPR1 protein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeremiah I. Abok
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131-0001, United States
| | - William S. Garver
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131-0001, United States
| | - Jeremy S. Edwards
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131-0001, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Chen X, Zhou Z, Li Y, Wang S, Xue E, Wang X, Peng H, Fan M, Wang M, Qin X, Wu Y, Li J, Zhu H, Chen D, Hu Y, Beaty TH, Wu T. Detecting Gene-Gene Interaction among DNA Repair Genes in Chinese non-Syndromic Cleft lip with or Without Palate Trios. Cleft Palate Craniofac J 2024:10556656241228124. [PMID: 38303570 DOI: 10.1177/10556656241228124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to investigate the gene-gene interactions associated with NSCL/P among DNA repair genes. DESIGN This study included 806 NSCL/P case-parent trios from China. Quality control process was conducted for genotyped single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located in six DNA repair genes (ATR, ERCC4, RFC1, TYMS, XRCC1 and XRCC3). We tested gene-gene interactions with Cordell's method using statistical package TRIO in R software. Bonferroni corrected significance level was set as P = 4.24 × 10-4. We also test the robustness of the interactions by permutation tests. SETTING Not applicable. PATIENTS/PARTICIPANTS A total of 806 NSCL/P case-parent trios (complete trios: 682, incomplete trios: 124) with Chinese ancestry. INTERVENTIONS Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Not applicable. RESULTS A total of 118 SNPs were extracted for the interaction tests. Fourteen pairs of significant interactions were identified after Bonferroni correction, which were confirmed in permutation tests. Twelve pairs were between ATR and ERCC4 or XRCC3. The most significant interaction occurred between rs2244500 in TYMS and rs3213403 in XRCC1(P = 8.16 × 10-15). CONCLUSIONS The current study identified gene-gene interactions among DNA repair genes in 806 Chinese NSCL/P trios, providing additional evidence for the complicated genetic structure underlying NSCL/P. ATR, ERCC4, XRCC3, TYMS and RFC1 were suggested to be possible candidate genes for NSCL/P.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhibo Zhou
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Yixin Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Siyue Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Enci Xue
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xueheng Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Hexiang Peng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Fan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Mengying Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xueying Qin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yiqun Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongping Zhu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Dafang Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yonghua Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Terri H Beaty
- School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Tao Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Rocha-Martins M. Cell behaviors that pattern developing tissues: the case of the vertebrate nervous system. Curr Top Dev Biol 2023; 159:30-58. [PMID: 38729679 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2023.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Morphogenesis from cells to tissue gives rise to the complex architectures that make our organs. How cells and their dynamic behavior are translated into functional spatial patterns is only starting to be understood. Recent advances in quantitative imaging revealed that, although highly heterogeneous, cellular behaviors make reproducible tissue patterns. Emerging evidence suggests that mechanisms of cellular coordination, intrinsic variability and plasticity are critical for robust pattern formation. While pattern development shows a high level of fidelity, tissue organization has undergone drastic changes throughout the course of evolution. In addition, alterations in cell behavior, if unregulated, can cause developmental malformations that disrupt function. Therefore, comparative studies of different species and of disease models offer a powerful approach for understanding how novel spatial configurations arise from variations in cell behavior and the fundamentals of successful pattern formation. In this chapter, I dive into the development of the vertebrate nervous system to explore efforts to dissect pattern formation beyond molecules, the emerging core principles and open questions.
Collapse
|
9
|
Song X, Kirtipal N, Lee S, Malý P, Bharadwaj S. Current therapeutic targets and multifaceted physiological impacts of caffeine. Phytother Res 2023; 37:5558-5598. [PMID: 37679309 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Caffeine, which shares consubstantial structural similarity with purine adenosine, has been demonstrated as a nonselective adenosine receptor antagonist for eliciting most of the biological functions at physiologically relevant dosages. Accumulating evidence supports caffeine's beneficial effects against different disorders, such as total cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes. Conversely, paradoxical effects are also linked to caffeine ingestion in humans including hypertension-hypotension and tachycardia-bradycardia. These observations suggest the association of caffeine action with its ingested concentration and/or concurrent interaction with preferential molecular targets to direct explicit events in the human body. Thus, a coherent analysis of the functional targets of caffeine, relevant to normal physiology, and disease pathophysiology, is required to understand the pharmacology of caffeine. This review provides a broad overview of the experimentally validated targets of caffeine, particularly those of therapeutic interest, and the impacts of caffeine on organ-specific physiology and pathophysiology. Overall, the available empirical and epidemiological evidence supports the dose-dependent functional activities of caffeine and advocates for further studies to get insights into the caffeine-induced changes under specific conditions, such as asthma, DNA repair, and cancer, in view of its therapeutic applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinjie Song
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab for Chemical and Biological Processing Technology of Farm Product, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Nikhil Kirtipal
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunjae Lee
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Petr Malý
- Laboratory of Ligand Engineering, Institute of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences v.v.i, BIOCEV Research Center, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Shiv Bharadwaj
- Laboratory of Ligand Engineering, Institute of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences v.v.i, BIOCEV Research Center, Vestec, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ribeiro JH, Altinisik N, Rajan N, Verslegers M, Baatout S, Gopalakrishnan J, Quintens R. DNA damage and repair: underlying mechanisms leading to microcephaly. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1268565. [PMID: 37881689 PMCID: PMC10597653 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1268565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA-damaging agents and endogenous DNA damage constantly harm genome integrity. Under genotoxic stress conditions, the DNA damage response (DDR) machinery is crucial in repairing lesions and preventing mutations in the basic structure of the DNA. Different repair pathways are implicated in the resolution of such lesions. For instance, the non-homologous DNA end joining and homologous recombination pathways are central cellular mechanisms by which eukaryotic cells maintain genome integrity. However, defects in these pathways are often associated with neurological disorders, indicating the pivotal role of DDR in normal brain development. Moreover, the brain is the most sensitive organ affected by DNA-damaging agents compared to other tissues during the prenatal period. The accumulation of lesions is believed to induce cell death, reduce proliferation and premature differentiation of neural stem and progenitor cells, and reduce brain size (microcephaly). Microcephaly is mainly caused by genetic mutations, especially genes encoding proteins involved in centrosomes and DNA repair pathways. However, it can also be induced by exposure to ionizing radiation and intrauterine infections such as the Zika virus. This review explains mammalian cortical development and the major DNA repair pathways that may lead to microcephaly when impaired. Next, we discuss the mechanisms and possible exposures leading to DNA damage and p53 hyperactivation culminating in microcephaly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Honorato Ribeiro
- Radiobiology Unit, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK CEN), Mol, Belgium
- Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nazlican Altinisik
- Laboratory for Centrosome and Cytoskeleton Biology, Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Nicholas Rajan
- Radiobiology Unit, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK CEN), Mol, Belgium
| | - Mieke Verslegers
- Radiobiology Unit, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK CEN), Mol, Belgium
| | - Sarah Baatout
- Radiobiology Unit, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK CEN), Mol, Belgium
- Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jay Gopalakrishnan
- Laboratory for Centrosome and Cytoskeleton Biology, Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Roel Quintens
- Radiobiology Unit, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK CEN), Mol, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Biswas H, Makinwa Y, Zou Y. Novel Cellular Functions of ATR for Therapeutic Targeting: Embryogenesis to Tumorigenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11684. [PMID: 37511442 PMCID: PMC10380702 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The DNA damage response (DDR) is recognized as having an important role in cancer growth and treatment. ATR (ataxia telangiectasia mutated and Rad3-related) kinase, a major regulator of DDR, has shown significant therapeutic potential in cancer treatment. ATR inhibitors have shown anti-tumor effectiveness, not just as monotherapies but also in enhancing the effects of standard chemotherapy, radiation, and immunotherapy. The biological basis of ATR is examined in this review, as well as its functional significance in the development and therapy of cancer, and the justification for inhibiting this target as a therapeutic approach, including an assessment of the progress and status of previous decades' development of effective and selective ATR inhibitors. The current applications of these inhibitors in preclinical and clinical investigations as single medicines or in combination with chemotherapy, radiation, and immunotherapy are also fully reviewed. This review concludes with some insights into the many concerns highlighted or identified with ATR inhibitors in both the preclinical and clinical contexts, as well as potential remedies proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yue Zou
- Department of Cell and Cancer Biology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; (H.B.); (Y.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Priya B, Ravi S, Kirubakaran S. Targeting ATM and ATR for cancer therapeutics: inhibitors in clinic. Drug Discov Today 2023:103662. [PMID: 37302542 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2023.103662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The DNA Damage and Response (DDR) pathway ensures accurate information transfer from one generation to the next. Alterations in DDR functions have been connected to cancer predisposition, progression, and response to therapy. DNA double-strand break (DSB) is one of the most detrimental DNA defects, causing major chromosomal abnormalities such as translocations and deletions. ATR and ATM kinases recognize this damage and activate proteins involved in cell cycle checkpoint, DNA repair, and apoptosis. Cancer cells have a high DSB burden, and therefore rely on DSB repair for survival. Therefore, targeting DSB repair can sensitize cancer cells to DNA-damaging agents. This review focuses on ATM and ATR, their roles in DNA damage and repair pathways, challenges in targeting them, and inhibitors that are in current clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bhanu Priya
- Biological Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Palaj Campus, Gujarat 382355, India
| | - Srimadhavi Ravi
- Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Palaj Campus, Gujarat 382355, India
| | - Sivapriya Kirubakaran
- Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Palaj Campus, Gujarat 382355, India.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Cybulski C, Zamani N, Kluźniak W, Milano L, Wokołorczyk D, Stempa K, Rudnicka H, Zhang S, Zadeh M, Huzarski T, Jakubowska A, Dębniak T, Lener M, Szwiec M, Domagała P, Samani AA, Narod S, Gronwald J, Masson JY, Lubiński J, Akbari MR. Variants in ATRIP are associated with breast cancer susceptibility in the Polish population and UK Biobank. Am J Hum Genet 2023; 110:648-662. [PMID: 36977412 PMCID: PMC10119148 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2023.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Several breast cancer susceptibility genes have been discovered, but more are likely to exist. To identify additional breast cancer susceptibility genes, we used the founder population of Poland and performed whole-exome sequencing on 510 women with familial breast cancer and 308 control subjects. We identified a rare mutation in ATRIP (GenBank: NM_130384.3: c.1152_1155del [p.Gly385Ter]) in two women with breast cancer. At the validation phase, we found this variant in 42/16,085 unselected Polish breast cancer-affected individuals and in 11/9,285 control subjects (OR = 2.14, 95% CI = 1.13-4.28, p = 0.02). By analyzing the sequence data of the UK Biobank study participants (450,000 individuals), we identified ATRIP loss-of-function variants among 13/15,643 breast cancer-affected individuals versus 40/157,943 control subjects (OR = 3.28, 95% CI = 1.76-6.14, p < 0.001). Immunohistochemistry and functional studies showed the ATRIP c.1152_1155del variant allele is weakly expressed compared to the wild-type allele, and truncated ATRIP fails to perform its normal function to prevent replicative stress. We showed that tumors of women with breast cancer who have a germline ATRIP mutation have loss of heterozygosity at the site of ATRIP mutation and genomic homologous recombination deficiency. ATRIP is a critical partner of ATR that binds to RPA coating single-stranded DNA at sites of stalled DNA replication forks. Proper activation of ATR-ATRIP elicits a DNA damage checkpoint crucial in regulating cellular responses to DNA replication stress. Based on our observations, we conclude ATRIP is a breast cancer susceptibility gene candidate linking DNA replication stress to breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cezary Cybulski
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Neda Zamani
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Wojciech Kluźniak
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Larissa Milano
- Genome Stability Laboratory, CHU de Québec Research Center, Oncology Axis; Department of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry and Pathology; Laval University Cancer Research Center, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Dominika Wokołorczyk
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Klaudia Stempa
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Helena Rudnicka
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Shiyu Zhang
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Maryam Zadeh
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tomasz Huzarski
- Department of Clinical Genetics and Pathology, University of Zielona Góra, Zielona Góra, Poland
| | - Anna Jakubowska
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland; Independent Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Genetic Diagnostics, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Tadeusz Dębniak
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Marcin Lener
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Marek Szwiec
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, University of Zielona Góra, Zielona Góra, Poland
| | - Paweł Domagała
- Department of Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Amir Abbas Samani
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Humber River Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Steven Narod
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jacek Gronwald
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Jean-Yves Masson
- Genome Stability Laboratory, CHU de Québec Research Center, Oncology Axis; Department of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry and Pathology; Laval University Cancer Research Center, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Jan Lubiński
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Mohammad R Akbari
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Yates L, Tannous E, Morgan R, Burgers P, Zhang X. A DNA damage-induced phosphorylation circuit enhances Mec1 ATR Ddc2 ATRIP recruitment to Replication Protein A. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2300150120. [PMID: 36996117 PMCID: PMC10083555 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2300150120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The cell cycle checkpoint kinase Mec1ATR and its integral partner Ddc2ATRIP are vital for the DNA damage and replication stress response. Mec1-Ddc2 "senses" single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) by being recruited to the ssDNA binding Replication Protein A (RPA) via Ddc2. In this study, we show that a DNA damage-induced phosphorylation circuit modulates checkpoint recruitment and function. We demonstrate that Ddc2-RPA interactions modulate the association between RPA and ssDNA and that Rfa1-phosphorylation aids in the further recruitment of Mec1-Ddc2. We also uncover an underappreciated role for Ddc2 phosphorylation that enhances its recruitment to RPA-ssDNA that is important for the DNA damage checkpoint in yeast. The crystal structure of a phosphorylated Ddc2 peptide in complex with its RPA interaction domain provides molecular details of how checkpoint recruitment is enhanced, which involves Zn2+. Using electron microscopy and structural modeling approaches, we propose that Mec1-Ddc2 complexes can form higher order assemblies with RPA when Ddc2 is phosphorylated. Together, our results provide insight into Mec1 recruitment and suggest that formation of supramolecular complexes of RPA and Mec1-Ddc2, modulated by phosphorylation, would allow for rapid clustering of damage foci to promote checkpoint signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luke A. Yates
- Section of Structural Biology, Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, South Kensington, LondonSW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Elias A. Tannous
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO63110
| | - R. Marc Morgan
- Department of Life Sciences, Centre for Structural Biology, Imperial College London, South Kensington, LondonSW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Peter M. Burgers
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO63110
| | - Xiaodong Zhang
- Section of Structural Biology, Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, South Kensington, LondonSW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Chevarin M, Alcantara D, Albuisson J, Collonge-Rame MA, Populaire C, Selmani Z, Baurand A, Sawka C, Bertolone G, Callier P, Duffourd Y, Jonveaux P, Bignon YJ, Coupier I, Cornelis F, Cordier C, Mozelle-Nivoix M, Rivière JB, Kuentz P, Thauvin C, Boidot R, Ghiringhelli F, O'Driscoll M, Faivre L, Nambot S. The "extreme phenotype approach" applied to male breast cancer allows the identification of rare variants of ATR as potential breast cancer susceptibility alleles. Oncotarget 2023; 14:111-125. [PMID: 36749285 PMCID: PMC9904323 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.28358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In oncogenetics, some patients could be considered as "extreme phenotypes", such as those with very early onset presentation or multiple primary malignancies, unusually high numbers of cancers of the same spectrum or rare cancer types in the same parental branch. For these cases, a genetic predisposition is very likely, but classical candidate gene panel analyses often and frustratingly remains negative. In the framework of the EX2TRICAN project, exploring unresolved extreme cancer phenotypes, we applied exome sequencing on rare familial cases with male breast cancer, identifying a novel pathogenic variant of ATR (p.Leu1808*). ATR has already been suspected as being a predisposing gene to breast cancer in women. We next identified 3 additional ATR variants in a cohort of both male and female with early onset and familial breast cancers (c.7762-2A>C; c.2078+1G>A; c.1A>G). Further molecular and cellular investigations showed impacts on transcripts for variants affecting splicing sites and reduction of ATR expression and phosphorylation of the ATR substrate CHEK1. This work further demonstrates the interest of an extended genetic analysis such as exome sequencing to identify very rare variants that can play a role in cancer predisposition in extreme phenotype cancer cases unexplained by classical cancer gene panels testing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Chevarin
- Inserm UMR 1231 GAD Génétique des Anomalies du Développement, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
- Unité Fonctionnelle Innovation diagnostique dans les maladies rares, laboratoire de génétique chromosomique et moléculaire, Plateau Technique de Biologie, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Diana Alcantara
- Human DNA Damage Response Disorders Group, University of Sussex, Genome Damage and Stability Centre, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Juliette Albuisson
- Service d’Oncogénétique, Centre Georges François Leclerc, Dijon, France
- Département de biologie et pathologie des tumeurs, Centre Georges François Leclerc, Dijon, France
| | | | - Céline Populaire
- Oncobiologie Génétique Bioinformatique, PCBio, CHU Besançon, Besançon, France
| | - Zohair Selmani
- Oncobiologie Génétique Bioinformatique, PCBio, CHU Besançon, Besançon, France
| | - Amandine Baurand
- Service d’Oncogénétique, Centre Georges François Leclerc, Dijon, France
- Centre de Génétique et Centre de Référence Maladies Rares Anomalies du Développement de l’Interrégion Est, Hôpital d’Enfants, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Caroline Sawka
- Centre de Génétique et Centre de Référence Maladies Rares Anomalies du Développement de l’Interrégion Est, Hôpital d’Enfants, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Geoffrey Bertolone
- Centre de Génétique et Centre de Référence Maladies Rares Anomalies du Développement de l’Interrégion Est, Hôpital d’Enfants, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Patrick Callier
- Inserm UMR 1231 GAD Génétique des Anomalies du Développement, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
- Unité Fonctionnelle Innovation diagnostique dans les maladies rares, laboratoire de génétique chromosomique et moléculaire, Plateau Technique de Biologie, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, Dijon, France
- Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire Médecine Translationnelle et Anomalies du Développement (FHU TRANSLAD), CHU Dijon Bourgogne et Université de Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Yannis Duffourd
- Inserm UMR 1231 GAD Génétique des Anomalies du Développement, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
- Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire Médecine Translationnelle et Anomalies du Développement (FHU TRANSLAD), CHU Dijon Bourgogne et Université de Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Philippe Jonveaux
- Laboratoire de Génétique Médicale, INSERM U954, Hôpitaux de Brabois, Vandoeuvre les Nancy, France
| | - Yves-Jean Bignon
- Laboratoire d’Oncologie Moléculaire, Centre Jean Perrin, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - François Cornelis
- Université Bordeaux, IMB, UMR 5251, Talence, France
- Service d’imagerie diagnostique et interventionnelle de l’adulte, Hôpital Pellegrin, CHU de Bordeaux, France
| | | | | | - Jean-Baptiste Rivière
- Inserm UMR 1231 GAD Génétique des Anomalies du Développement, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
- Centre de Génétique et Centre de Référence Maladies Rares Anomalies du Développement de l’Interrégion Est, Hôpital d’Enfants, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, Dijon, France
- Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire Médecine Translationnelle et Anomalies du Développement (FHU TRANSLAD), CHU Dijon Bourgogne et Université de Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Paul Kuentz
- Inserm UMR 1231 GAD Génétique des Anomalies du Développement, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
- Oncobiologie Génétique Bioinformatique, PCBio, CHU Besançon, Besançon, France
- Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire Médecine Translationnelle et Anomalies du Développement (FHU TRANSLAD), CHU Dijon Bourgogne et Université de Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Christel Thauvin
- Inserm UMR 1231 GAD Génétique des Anomalies du Développement, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
- Centre de Génétique et Centre de Référence Maladies Rares Anomalies du Développement de l’Interrégion Est, Hôpital d’Enfants, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Romain Boidot
- Département de biologie et pathologie des tumeurs, Centre Georges François Leclerc, Dijon, France
| | - François Ghiringhelli
- Département d’oncologie médicale, INSERM LNC U1231, Centre Georges François Leclerc, Dijon, France
| | - Marc O'Driscoll
- Human DNA Damage Response Disorders Group, University of Sussex, Genome Damage and Stability Centre, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Laurence Faivre
- Inserm UMR 1231 GAD Génétique des Anomalies du Développement, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
- Service d’Oncogénétique, Centre Georges François Leclerc, Dijon, France
- Centre de Génétique et Centre de Référence Maladies Rares Anomalies du Développement de l’Interrégion Est, Hôpital d’Enfants, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, Dijon, France
- Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire Médecine Translationnelle et Anomalies du Développement (FHU TRANSLAD), CHU Dijon Bourgogne et Université de Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Sophie Nambot
- Inserm UMR 1231 GAD Génétique des Anomalies du Développement, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
- Service d’Oncogénétique, Centre Georges François Leclerc, Dijon, France
- Centre de Génétique et Centre de Référence Maladies Rares Anomalies du Développement de l’Interrégion Est, Hôpital d’Enfants, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, Dijon, France
- Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire Médecine Translationnelle et Anomalies du Développement (FHU TRANSLAD), CHU Dijon Bourgogne et Université de Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Dijon, France
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zahnreich S, Yusifli K, Poplawski A, Eckhard LS, Mirsch J, Hankeln T, Galetzka D, Marron M, Scholz-Kreisel P, Spix C, Schmidberger H. Replication stress drives chromosomal instability in fibroblasts of childhood cancer survivors with second primary neoplasms. DNA Repair (Amst) 2023; 122:103435. [PMID: 36549044 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2022.103435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
New development and optimization of oncologic strategies are steadily increasing the number of long-term cancer survivors being at risk of developing second primary neoplasms (SPNs) as a late consequence of genotoxic cancer therapies with the highest risk among former childhood cancer patients. Since risk factors and predictive biomarkers for therapy-associated SPN remain unknown, we examined the sensitivity to mild replication stress as a driver of genomic instability and carcinogenesis in fibroblasts from 23 long-term survivors of a pediatric first primary neoplasm (FPN), 22 patients with the same FPN and a subsequent SPN, and 22 controls with no neoplasm (NN) using the cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) assay. Mild replication stress was induced with the DNA-polymerase inhibitor aphidicolin (APH). Fibroblasts from patients with the DNA repair deficiency syndromes Bloom, Seckel, and Fanconi anemia served as positive controls and for validation of the CBMN assay supplemented by analysis of chromosomal aberrations, DNA repair foci (γH2AX/53BP1), and cell cycle regulation. APH treatment resulted in G2/M arrest and underestimation of cytogenetic damage beyond G2, which could be overcome by inhibition of Chk1. Basal micronuclei were significantly increased in DNA repair deficiency syndromes but comparable between NN, FPN, and SPN donors. After APH-induced replication stress, the average yield of micronuclei was significantly elevated in SPN donors compared to FPN (p = 0.013) as well as NN (p = 0.03) donors but substantially lower than for DNA repair deficiency syndromes. Our findings suggest that mild impairment of the response to replication stress induced by genotoxic impacts of DNA-damaging cancer therapies promotes genomic instability in a subset of long-term cancer survivors and may drive the development of an SPN. Our study provides a basis for detailed mechanistic studies as well as predictive bioassays for clinical surveillance, to identify cancer patients at high risk for SPNs at first diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Zahnreich
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Radiation Therapy, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany.
| | - Kamran Yusifli
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Radiation Therapy, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany
| | - Alicia Poplawski
- Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany
| | - Lukas Stefan Eckhard
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany
| | - Johanna Mirsch
- Radiation Biology and DNA Repair, Technical University of Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Thomas Hankeln
- Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution, Molecular Genetics and Genome Analysis, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany
| | - Danuta Galetzka
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Radiation Therapy, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany
| | - Manuela Marron
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Germany
| | - Peter Scholz-Kreisel
- Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany; Federal Office for Radiation Protection, Munich (Neuherberg), Germany
| | - Claudia Spix
- German Childhood Cancer Registry, Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany
| | - Heinz Schmidberger
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Radiation Therapy, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Zhang L, Teng Y, Hu H, Zhu H, Wen J, Liang D, Li Z, Wu L. Two novel variants in CEP152 caused Seckel syndrome 5 in a Chinese family. Front Genet 2023; 13:1052915. [PMID: 36685824 PMCID: PMC9845263 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1052915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Seckel syndrome (SCKL) is a rare autosomal recessive inherited disorder, which is mainly characterized by intrauterine and postnatal growth restrictions, microcephaly, intellectual disability, and a typical "bird-head" facial appearance. Here, we aimed to identify the genetic etiology of a family with suspected SCKL. Methods: This study enrolled a Chinese family suspected of SCKL with their detailed family history and clinical data. We performed karyotype analysis, copy number variation sequencing (CNV-seq), and trio whole-exome sequencing (WES) to explore the genetic etiology in the proband. Furthermore, the quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) were conducted to confirm the pathogenicity of novel variants. Results: The karyotype analysis and CNV-seq were normal in the proband. Two novel variants in CEP152, c.1060C>T (p.Arg354*) and c.1414-14A>G, were identified in the proband through trio-WES. The qPCR results showed that the total CEP152 mRNA expression levels were significantly reduced in c.1060C>T (p.Arg354*) and c.1414-14A>G compared with healthy control individuals. Moreover, aberrant skipping of exon 12 due to the non-canonical splice-site variant was revealed by RT-PCR and Sanger sequencing. Conclusion: Our findings expanded pathogenic variant spectra in SCKL and offered new insights into the pathogenicity of a non-classical splice-site variant in CEP152, which provided additional information for helping the family improve pregnancy plans in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Center for Medical Genetics, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yanling Teng
- Center for Medical Genetics, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Haoran Hu
- Center for Medical Genetics, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Huimin Zhu
- Center for Medical Genetics, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Juan Wen
- Center for Medical Genetics, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Desheng Liang
- Center for Medical Genetics, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China,Hunan Jiahui Genetics Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhuo Li
- Center for Medical Genetics, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China,*Correspondence: Lingqian Wu, ; Zhuo Li,
| | - Lingqian Wu
- Center for Medical Genetics, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China,Hunan Jiahui Genetics Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China,*Correspondence: Lingqian Wu, ; Zhuo Li,
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Connally NJ, Nazeen S, Lee D, Shi H, Stamatoyannopoulos J, Chun S, Cotsapas C, Cassa CA, Sunyaev SR. The missing link between genetic association and regulatory function. eLife 2022; 11:74970. [PMID: 36515579 PMCID: PMC9842386 DOI: 10.7554/elife.74970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The genetic basis of most traits is highly polygenic and dominated by non-coding alleles. It is widely assumed that such alleles exert small regulatory effects on the expression of cis-linked genes. However, despite the availability of gene expression and epigenomic datasets, few variant-to-gene links have emerged. It is unclear whether these sparse results are due to limitations in available data and methods, or to deficiencies in the underlying assumed model. To better distinguish between these possibilities, we identified 220 gene-trait pairs in which protein-coding variants influence a complex trait or its Mendelian cognate. Despite the presence of expression quantitative trait loci near most GWAS associations, by applying a gene-based approach we found limited evidence that the baseline expression of trait-related genes explains GWAS associations, whether using colocalization methods (8% of genes implicated), transcription-wide association (2% of genes implicated), or a combination of regulatory annotations and distance (4% of genes implicated). These results contradict the hypothesis that most complex trait-associated variants coincide with homeostatic expression QTLs, suggesting that better models are needed. The field must confront this deficit and pursue this 'missing regulation.'
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noah J Connally
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Division of Genetics, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and HarvardCambridgeUnited States
| | - Sumaiya Nazeen
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Division of Genetics, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Daniel Lee
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Division of Genetics, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and HarvardCambridgeUnited States
| | - Huwenbo Shi
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and HarvardCambridgeUnited States
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public HealthBostonUnited States
| | | | - Sung Chun
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Boston Children’s HospitalBostonUnited States
| | - Chris Cotsapas
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and HarvardCambridgeUnited States
- Department of Neurology, Yale Medical SchoolNew HavenUnited States
- Department of Genetics, Yale Medical SchoolNew HavenUnited States
| | - Christopher A Cassa
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Division of Genetics, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and HarvardCambridgeUnited States
| | - Shamil R Sunyaev
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Division of Genetics, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and HarvardCambridgeUnited States
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
El Nachef L, Berthel E, Ferlazzo ML, Le Reun E, Al-Choboq J, Restier-Verlet J, Granzotto A, Sonzogni L, Bourguignon M, Foray N. Cancer and Radiosensitivity Syndromes: Is Impaired Nuclear ATM Kinase Activity the Primum Movens? Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14246141. [PMID: 36551628 PMCID: PMC9776478 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14246141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
There are a number of genetic syndromes associated with both high cancer risk and clinical radiosensitivity. However, the link between these two notions remains unknown. Particularly, some cancer syndromes are caused by mutations in genes involved in DNA damage signaling and repair. How are the DNA sequence errors propagated and amplified to cause cell transformation? Conversely, some cancer syndromes are caused by mutations in genes involved in cell cycle checkpoint control. How is misrepaired DNA damage produced? Lastly, certain genes, considered as tumor suppressors, are not involved in DNA damage signaling and repair or in cell cycle checkpoint control. The mechanistic model based on radiation-induced nucleoshuttling of the ATM kinase (RIANS), a major actor of the response to ionizing radiation, may help in providing a unified explanation of the link between cancer proneness and radiosensitivity. In the frame of this model, a given protein may ensure its own specific function but may also play additional biological role(s) as an ATM phosphorylation substrate in cytoplasm. It appears that the mutated proteins that cause the major cancer and radiosensitivity syndromes are all ATM phosphorylation substrates, and they generally localize in the cytoplasm when mutated. The relevance of the RIANS model is discussed by considering different categories of the cancer syndromes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura El Nachef
- Inserm, U1296 Unit, Radiation: Defense, Health and Environment, Centre Léon-Bérard, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Elise Berthel
- Inserm, U1296 Unit, Radiation: Defense, Health and Environment, Centre Léon-Bérard, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Mélanie L. Ferlazzo
- Inserm, U1296 Unit, Radiation: Defense, Health and Environment, Centre Léon-Bérard, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Eymeric Le Reun
- Inserm, U1296 Unit, Radiation: Defense, Health and Environment, Centre Léon-Bérard, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Joelle Al-Choboq
- Inserm, U1296 Unit, Radiation: Defense, Health and Environment, Centre Léon-Bérard, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Juliette Restier-Verlet
- Inserm, U1296 Unit, Radiation: Defense, Health and Environment, Centre Léon-Bérard, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Adeline Granzotto
- Inserm, U1296 Unit, Radiation: Defense, Health and Environment, Centre Léon-Bérard, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Laurène Sonzogni
- Inserm, U1296 Unit, Radiation: Defense, Health and Environment, Centre Léon-Bérard, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Michel Bourguignon
- Inserm, U1296 Unit, Radiation: Defense, Health and Environment, Centre Léon-Bérard, 69008 Lyon, France
- Department of Biophysics and Nuclear Medicine, Université Paris Saclay (UVSQ), 78035 Versailles, France
| | - Nicolas Foray
- Inserm, U1296 Unit, Radiation: Defense, Health and Environment, Centre Léon-Bérard, 69008 Lyon, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-04-7878-2828
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Pizzul P, Casari E, Gnugnoli M, Rinaldi C, Corallo F, Longhese MP. The DNA damage checkpoint: A tale from budding yeast. Front Genet 2022; 13:995163. [PMID: 36186482 PMCID: PMC9520983 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.995163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies performed in the yeasts Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Schizosaccharomyces pombe have led the way in defining the DNA damage checkpoint and in identifying most of the proteins involved in this regulatory network, which turned out to have structural and functional equivalents in humans. Subsequent experiments revealed that the checkpoint is an elaborate signal transduction pathway that has the ability to sense and signal the presence of damaged DNA and transduce this information to influence a multifaceted cellular response that is essential for cancer avoidance. This review focuses on the work that was done in Saccharomyces cerevisiae to articulate the checkpoint concept, to identify its players and the mechanisms of activation and deactivation.
Collapse
|
21
|
Tirado-Class N, Hathaway C, Chung WK, Dungrawala H. PHIP variants associated with Chung-Jansen syndrome disrupt replication fork stability and genome integrity. Cold Spring Harb Mol Case Stud 2022; 8:mcs.a006212. [PMID: 35863899 PMCID: PMC9528965 DOI: 10.1101/mcs.a006212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Chung-Jansen syndrome (CJS) is a rare, autosomal dominant disorder characterized by developmental delay, intellectual disability/cognitive impairment, behavioral challenges, obesity, and dysmorphic features. CJS is associated with heterozygous variants in PHIP (Pleckstrin-Homology Interacting Protein), a gene that encodes one of several substrate receptors for Cullin4-RING (CRL4) E3 ubiquitin ligase complex. Full length PHIP, also called DCAF14, was recently identified to function as a replication stress response protein. Herein, we report the identification of two PHIP missense variants identified by exome sequencing in unrelated individuals with CJS. The variants p.D488V and p.E963G occur in different functional elements of DCAF14- WD40 repeat domain and pleckstrin homology-binding region (PBR), respectively. Using DNA fiber assays, we reveal that cells expressing either variant exhibit defective replication fork progression in conditions of replication stress. Furthermore, unlike wild type DCAF14, both variants fail to accomplish DNA replication after exposure to genotoxic stress indicating a critical role of DCAF14 in protecting stalled replication forks. Thus, we have identified replication defects associated with CJS variants and predict replication-associated genome instability with CJS syndrome.
Collapse
|
22
|
Clarke TL, Mostoslavsky R. DNA repair as a shared hallmark in cancer and ageing. Mol Oncol 2022; 16:3352-3379. [PMID: 35834102 PMCID: PMC9490147 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence demonstrates that DNA damage and genome instability play a crucial role in ageing. Mammalian cells have developed a wide range of complex and well‐orchestrated DNA repair pathways to respond to and resolve many different types of DNA lesions that occur from exogenous and endogenous sources. Defects in these repair pathways lead to accelerated or premature ageing syndromes and increase the likelihood of cancer development. Understanding the fundamental mechanisms of DNA repair will help develop novel strategies to treat ageing‐related diseases. Here, we revisit the processes involved in DNA damage repair and how these can contribute to diseases, including ageing and cancer. We also review recent mechanistic insights into DNA repair and discuss how these insights are being used to develop novel therapeutic strategies for treating human disease. We discuss the use of PARP inhibitors in the clinic for the treatment of breast and ovarian cancer and the challenges associated with acquired drug resistance. Finally, we discuss how DNA repair pathway‐targeted therapeutics are moving beyond PARP inhibition in the search for ever more innovative and efficacious cancer therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas L Clarke
- The Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, 02114, Boston, MA, USA.,The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, 02142, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Raul Mostoslavsky
- The Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, 02114, Boston, MA, USA.,The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, 02142, Cambridge, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Kim JM. Molecular Link between DNA Damage Response and Microtubule Dynamics. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23136986. [PMID: 35805981 PMCID: PMC9266319 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23136986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Microtubules are major components of the cytoskeleton that play important roles in cellular processes such as intracellular transport and cell division. In recent years, it has become evident that microtubule networks play a role in genome maintenance during interphase. In this review, we highlight recent advances in understanding the role of microtubule dynamics in DNA damage response and repair. We first describe how DNA damage checkpoints regulate microtubule organization and stability. We then highlight how microtubule networks are involved in the nuclear remodeling following DNA damage, which leads to changes in chromosome organization. Lastly, we discuss how microtubule dynamics participate in the mobility of damaged DNA and promote consequent DNA repair. Together, the literature indicates the importance of microtubule dynamics in genome organization and stability during interphase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jung Min Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 58128, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
DNA damage promotes HLA class I presentation by stimulating a pioneer round of translation-associated antigen production. Mol Cell 2022; 82:2557-2570.e7. [PMID: 35594857 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2022.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Antigen presentation by the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) on the cell surface is critical for the transduction of the immune signal toward cytotoxic T lymphocytes. DNA damage upregulates HLA class I presentation; however, the mechanism is unclear. Here, we show that DNA-damage-induced HLA (di-HLA) presentation requires an immunoproteasome, PSMB8/9/10, and antigen-transporter, TAP1/2, demonstrating that antigen production is essential. Furthermore, we show that di-HLA presentation requires ATR, AKT, mTORC1, and p70-S6K signaling. Notably, the depletion of CBP20, a factor initiating the pioneer round of translation (PRT) that precedes nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD), abolishes di-HLA presentation, suggesting that di-antigen production requires PRT. RNA-seq analysis demonstrates that DNA damage reduces NMD transcripts in an ATR-dependent manner, consistent with the requirement for ATR in the initiation of PRT/NMD. Finally, bioinformatics analysis identifies that PRT-derived 9-mer peptides bind to HLA and are potentially immunogenic. Therefore, DNA damage signaling produces immunogenic antigens by utilizing the machinery of PRT/NMD.
Collapse
|
25
|
Senko AN, Overall RW, Silhavy J, Mlejnek P, Malínská H, Hüttl M, Marková I, Fabel KS, Lu L, Stuchlik A, Williams RW, Pravenec M, Kempermann G. Systems genetics in the rat HXB/BXH family identifies Tti2 as a pleiotropic quantitative trait gene for adult hippocampal neurogenesis and serum glucose. PLoS Genet 2022; 18:e1009638. [PMID: 35377872 PMCID: PMC9060359 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurogenesis in the adult hippocampus contributes to learning and memory in the healthy brain but is dysregulated in metabolic and neurodegenerative diseases. The molecular relationships between neural stem cell activity, adult neurogenesis, and global metabolism are largely unknown. Here we applied unbiased systems genetics methods to quantify genetic covariation among adult neurogenesis and metabolic phenotypes in peripheral tissues of a genetically diverse family of rat strains, derived from a cross between the spontaneously hypertensive (SHR/OlaIpcv) strain and Brown Norway (BN-Lx/Cub). The HXB/BXH family is a very well established model to dissect genetic variants that modulate metabolic and cardiovascular diseases and we have accumulated deep phenome and transcriptome data in a FAIR-compliant resource for systematic and integrative analyses. Here we measured rates of precursor cell proliferation, survival of new neurons, and gene expression in the hippocampus of the entire HXB/BXH family, including both parents. These data were combined with published metabolic phenotypes to detect a neurometabolic quantitative trait locus (QTL) for serum glucose and neuronal survival on Chromosome 16: 62.1-66.3 Mb. We subsequently fine-mapped the key phenotype to a locus that includes the Telo2-interacting protein 2 gene (Tti2)-a chaperone that modulates the activity and stability of PIKK kinases. To verify the hypothesis that differences in neurogenesis and glucose levels are caused by a polymorphism in Tti2, we generated a targeted frameshift mutation on the SHR/OlaIpcv background. Heterozygous SHR-Tti2+/- mutants had lower rates of hippocampal neurogenesis and hallmarks of dysglycemia compared to wild-type littermates. Our findings highlight Tti2 as a causal genetic link between glucose metabolism and structural brain plasticity. In humans, more than 800 genomic variants are linked to TTI2 expression, seven of which have associations to protein and blood stem cell factor concentrations, blood pressure and frontotemporal dementia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna N. Senko
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Dresden, Germany
- CRTD–Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - Rupert W. Overall
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Dresden, Germany
- CRTD–Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - Jan Silhavy
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Mlejnek
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Malínská
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Hüttl
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Irena Marková
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Klaus S. Fabel
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Dresden, Germany
- CRTD–Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - Lu Lu
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Ales Stuchlik
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Robert W. Williams
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Michal Pravenec
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Gerd Kempermann
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Dresden, Germany
- CRTD–Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Toss A, Quarello P, Mascarin M, Banna GL, Zecca M, Cinieri S, Peccatori FA, Ferrari A. Cancer Predisposition Genes in Adolescents and Young Adults (AYAs): a Review Paper from the Italian AYA Working Group. Curr Oncol Rep 2022; 24:843-860. [PMID: 35320498 PMCID: PMC9170630 DOI: 10.1007/s11912-022-01213-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The present narrative systematic review summarizes current knowledge on germline gene mutations predisposing to solid tumors in adolescents and young adults (AYAs). RECENT FINDINGS AYAs with cancer represent a particular group of patients with specific challenging characteristics and yet unmet needs. A significant percentage of AYA patients carry pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants (PV/LPVs) in cancer predisposition genes. Nevertheless, knowledge on spectrum, frequency, and clinical implications of germline variants in AYAs with solid tumors is limited. The identification of PV/LPV in AYA is especially critical given the need for appropriate communicative strategies, risk of second primary cancers, need for personalized long-term surveillance, potential reproductive implications, and cascade testing of at-risk family members. Moreover, these gene alterations may potentially provide novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets that are lacking in AYA patients. Among young adults with early-onset phenotypes of malignancies typically presenting at later ages, the increased prevalence of germline PV/LPVs supports a role for genetic counseling and testing irrespective of tumor type.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angela Toss
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Modena, Modena, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Paola Quarello
- Paediatric Onco-Haematology, Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy Division, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Turin, Italy
- Department of Public Health and Paediatric Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Maurizio Mascarin
- AYA Oncology and Pediatric Radiotherapy Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Luigi Banna
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, SP142, km 3.95, 10060, Candiolo, Turin, Italy.
| | - Marco Zecca
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Saverio Cinieri
- Medical Oncology Unit and Breast Unit Ospedale Perrino ASL, Brindisi, Italy
| | - Fedro Alessandro Peccatori
- Fertility and Procreation Unit, Gynecologic Oncology Program, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Ferrari
- Pediatric Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Venezian 1, 20133, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Tingler M, Philipp M, Burkhalter MD. DNA Replication proteins in primary microcephaly syndromes. Biol Cell 2022; 114:143-159. [PMID: 35182397 DOI: 10.1111/boc.202100061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Improper expansion of neural stem and progenitor cells during brain development manifests in primary microcephaly. It is characterized by a reduced head circumference, which correlates with a reduction in brain size. This often corresponds to a general underdevelopment of the brain and entails cognitive, behavioral and motoric retardation. In the past decade significant research efforts have been undertaken to identify genes and the molecular mechanisms underlying microcephaly. One such gene set encompasses factors required for DNA replication. Intriguingly, a growing body of evidence indicates that a substantial number of these genes mediate faithful centrosome and cilium function in addition to their canonical function in genome duplication. Here, we summarize, which DNA replication factors are associated with microcephaly syndromes and to which extent they impact on centrosomes and cilia. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Tingler
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, Section of Pharmacogenomics, Eberhard-Karls-University Tübingen, Tübingen, 72074, Germany
| | - Melanie Philipp
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, Section of Pharmacogenomics, Eberhard-Karls-University Tübingen, Tübingen, 72074, Germany
| | - Martin D Burkhalter
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, Section of Pharmacogenomics, Eberhard-Karls-University Tübingen, Tübingen, 72074, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Dutto I, Gerhards J, Herrera A, Souckova O, Škopová V, Smak J, Junza A, Yanes O, Boeckx C, Burkhalter MD, Zikánová M, Pons S, Philipp M, Lüders J, Stracker TH. Pathway specific effects of ADSL deficiency on neurodevelopment. eLife 2022; 11:70518. [PMID: 35133277 PMCID: PMC8871376 DOI: 10.7554/elife.70518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenylosuccinate lyase (ADSL) functions in de novo purine synthesis (DNPS) and the purine nucleotide cycle. ADSL deficiency (ADSLD) causes numerous neurodevelopmental pathologies, including microcephaly and autism spectrum disorder. ADSLD patients have normal serum purine nucleotide levels but exhibit accumulation of dephosphorylated ADSL substrates, S-Ado, and SAICAr, the latter being implicated in neurotoxic effects through unknown mechanisms. We examined the phenotypic effects of ADSL depletion in human cells and their relation to phenotypic outcomes. Using specific interventions to compensate for reduced purine levels or modulate SAICAr accumulation, we found that diminished AMP levels resulted in increased DNA damage signaling and cell cycle delays, while primary ciliogenesis was impaired specifically by loss of ADSL or administration of SAICAr. ADSL-deficient chicken and zebrafish embryos displayed impaired neurogenesis and microcephaly. Neuroprogenitor attrition in zebrafish embryos was rescued by pharmacological inhibition of DNPS, but not increased nucleotide concentration. Zebrafish also displayed phenotypes commonly linked to ciliopathies. Our results suggest that both reduced purine levels and impaired DNPS contribute to neurodevelopmental pathology in ADSLD and that defective ciliogenesis may influence the ADSLD phenotypic spectrum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Dutto
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Julian Gerhards
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, University of Tubingen, Tubingen, Germany
| | - Antonio Herrera
- Department of Cell Biology, Instituto de Biología Molecular de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Olga Souckova
- Department of Paediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Václava Škopová
- Department of Paediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jordann Smak
- Center for Cancer Research, Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, United States
| | - Alexandra Junza
- Spanish Biomedical Research Center in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders, Madrid, Spain
| | - Oscar Yanes
- Spanish Biomedical Research Center in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cedric Boeckx
- Institute of Complex Systems, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Martin D Burkhalter
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Marie Zikánová
- Department of Paediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Sebastian Pons
- Department of Cell Biology, Instituto de Biología Molecular de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Melanie Philipp
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, University of Tubingen, Tubingen, Germany
| | - Jens Lüders
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Travis H Stracker
- Center for Cancer Research, Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, United States
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Botrugno OA, Tonon G. Genomic Instability and Replicative Stress in Multiple Myeloma: The Final Curtain? Cancers (Basel) 2021; 14:cancers14010025. [PMID: 35008191 PMCID: PMC8750813 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14010025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Genomic instability is recognized as a driving force in most cancers as well as in the haematological cancer multiple myeloma and remains among the leading cause of drug resistance. Several evidences suggest that replicative stress exerts a fundamental role in fuelling genomic instability. Notably, cancer cells rely on a single protein, ATR, to cope with the ensuing DNA damage. In this perspective, we provide an overview depicting how replicative stress represents an Achilles heel for multiple myeloma, which could be therapeutically exploited either alone or in combinatorial regimens to preferentially ablate tumor cells. Abstract Multiple Myeloma (MM) is a genetically complex and heterogeneous hematological cancer that remains incurable despite the introduction of novel therapies in the clinic. Sadly, despite efforts spanning several decades, genomic analysis has failed to identify shared genetic aberrations that could be targeted in this disease. Seeking alternative strategies, various efforts have attempted to target and exploit non-oncogene addictions of MM cells, including, for example, proteasome inhibitors. The surprising finding that MM cells present rampant genomic instability has ignited concerted efforts to understand its origin and exploit it for therapeutic purposes. A credible hypothesis, supported by several lines of evidence, suggests that at the root of this phenotype there is intense replicative stress. Here, we review the current understanding of the role of replicative stress in eliciting genomic instability in MM and how MM cells rely on a single protein, Ataxia Telangiectasia-mutated and Rad3-related protein, ATR, to control and survive the ensuing, potentially fatal DNA damage. From this perspective, replicative stress per se represents not only an opportunity for MM cells to increase their evolutionary pool by increasing their genomic heterogeneity, but also a vulnerability that could be leveraged for therapeutic purposes to selectively target MM tumor cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oronza A. Botrugno
- Functional Genomics of Cancer Unit, Experimental Oncology Division, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence: (O.A.B.); (G.T.); Tel.: +39-02-2643-6661 (O.A.B.); +39-02-2643-5624 (G.T.); Fax: +39-02-2643-6352 (O.A.B. & G.T.)
| | - Giovanni Tonon
- Functional Genomics of Cancer Unit, Experimental Oncology Division, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
- Center for Omics Sciences, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence: (O.A.B.); (G.T.); Tel.: +39-02-2643-6661 (O.A.B.); +39-02-2643-5624 (G.T.); Fax: +39-02-2643-6352 (O.A.B. & G.T.)
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Abstract
In this review, Phan et al. discuss the different models that have been proposed to explain how centrosome dysfunction impairs cortical development, and review the evidence supporting a unified model in which centrosome defects reduce cell proliferation in the developing cortex by prolonging mitosis and activating a mitotic surveillance pathway. Last, they also extend their discussion to centrosome-independent microcephaly mutations, such as those involved in DNA replication and repair Primary microcephaly is a brain growth disorder characterized by a severe reduction of brain size and thinning of the cerebral cortex. Many primary microcephaly mutations occur in genes that encode centrosome proteins, highlighting an important role for centrosomes in cortical development. Centrosomes are microtubule organizing centers that participate in several processes, including controlling polarity, catalyzing spindle assembly in mitosis, and building primary cilia. Understanding which of these processes are altered and how these disruptions contribute to microcephaly pathogenesis is a central unresolved question. In this review, we revisit the different models that have been proposed to explain how centrosome dysfunction impairs cortical development. We review the evidence supporting a unified model in which centrosome defects reduce cell proliferation in the developing cortex by prolonging mitosis and activating a mitotic surveillance pathway. Finally, we also extend our discussion to centrosome-independent microcephaly mutations, such as those involved in DNA replication and repair.
Collapse
|
31
|
Jo U, Murai Y, Takebe N, Thomas A, Pommier Y. Precision Oncology with Drugs Targeting the Replication Stress, ATR, and Schlafen 11. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4601. [PMID: 34572827 PMCID: PMC8465591 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13184601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Precision medicine aims to implement strategies based on the molecular features of tumors and optimized drug delivery to improve cancer diagnosis and treatment. DNA replication is a logical approach because it can be targeted by a broad range of anticancer drugs that are both clinically approved and in development. These drugs increase deleterious replication stress (RepStress); however, how to selectively target and identify the tumors with specific molecular characteristics are unmet clinical needs. Here, we provide background information on the molecular processes of DNA replication and its checkpoints, and discuss how to target replication, checkpoint, and repair pathways with ATR inhibitors and exploit Schlafen 11 (SLFN11) as a predictive biomarker.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ukhyun Jo
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch and Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892-4264, USA; (Y.M.); (A.T.)
| | - Yasuhisa Murai
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch and Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892-4264, USA; (Y.M.); (A.T.)
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hematology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan
| | - Naoko Takebe
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch and Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892-4264, USA;
| | - Anish Thomas
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch and Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892-4264, USA; (Y.M.); (A.T.)
| | - Yves Pommier
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch and Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892-4264, USA; (Y.M.); (A.T.)
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Silva GLA, Tosi LRO, McCulloch R, Black JA. Unpicking the Roles of DNA Damage Protein Kinases in Trypanosomatids. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:636615. [PMID: 34422791 PMCID: PMC8377203 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.636615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
To preserve genome integrity when faced with DNA lesions, cells activate and coordinate a multitude of DNA repair pathways to ensure timely error correction or tolerance, collectively called the DNA damage response (DDR). These interconnecting damage response pathways are molecular signal relays, with protein kinases (PKs) at the pinnacle. Focused efforts in model eukaryotes have revealed intricate aspects of DNA repair PK function, including how they direct DDR pathways and how repair reactions connect to wider cellular processes, including DNA replication and transcription. The Kinetoplastidae, including many parasites like Trypanosoma spp. and Leishmania spp. (causative agents of debilitating, neglected tropical infections), exhibit peculiarities in several core biological processes, including the predominance of multigenic transcription and the streamlining or repurposing of DNA repair pathways, such as the loss of non-homologous end joining and novel operation of nucleotide excision repair (NER). Very recent studies have implicated ATR and ATM kinases in the DDR of kinetoplastid parasites, whereas DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PKcs) displays uncertain conservation, questioning what functions it fulfills. The wide range of genetic manipulation approaches in these organisms presents an opportunity to investigate DNA repair kinase roles in kinetoplastids and to ask if further kinases are involved. Furthermore, the availability of kinase inhibitory compounds, targeting numerous eukaryotic PKs, could allow us to test the suitability of DNA repair PKs as novel chemotherapeutic targets. Here, we will review recent advances in the study of trypanosomatid DNA repair kinases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel L A Silva
- The Wellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.,Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Luiz R O Tosi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Richard McCulloch
- The Wellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer Ann Black
- The Wellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.,Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Stead ER, Bjedov I. Balancing DNA repair to prevent ageing and cancer. Exp Cell Res 2021; 405:112679. [PMID: 34102225 PMCID: PMC8361780 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
DNA damage is a constant stressor to the cell. Persistent damage to the DNA over time results in an increased risk of mutation and an accumulation of mutations with age. Loss of efficient DNA damage repair can lead to accelerated ageing phenotypes or an increased cancer risk, and the trade-off between cancer susceptibility and longevity is often driven by the cell's response to DNA damage. High levels of mutations in DNA repair mutants often leads to excessive cell death and stem cell exhaustion which may promote premature ageing. Stem cells themselves have distinct characteristics that enable them to retain low mutation rates. However, when mutations do arise, stem cell clonal expansion can also contribute to age-related tissue dysfunction as well as heightened cancer risk. In this review, we will highlight increasing DNA damage and mutation accumulation as hallmarks common to both ageing and cancer. We will propose that anti-ageing interventions might be cancer preventative and discuss the mechanisms through which they may act.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor Rachel Stead
- UCL Cancer Institute, Paul O'Gorman Building, University College London, 72 Huntley Street London, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Ivana Bjedov
- UCL Cancer Institute, Paul O'Gorman Building, University College London, 72 Huntley Street London, London WC1E 6DD, UK; University College London, Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Malet Place Engineering Building, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Kordbacheh F, Farah CS. Molecular Pathways and Druggable Targets in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:3453. [PMID: 34298667 PMCID: PMC8307423 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13143453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck cancers are a heterogeneous group of neoplasms, affecting an ever increasing global population. Despite advances in diagnostic technology and surgical approaches to manage these conditions, survival rates have only marginally improved and this has occurred mainly in developed countries. Some improvements in survival, however, have been a result of new management and treatment approaches made possible because of our ever-increasing understanding of the molecular pathways triggered in head and neck oncogenesis, and the growing understanding of the abundant heterogeneity of this group of cancers. Some important pathways are common to other solid tumours, but their impact on reducing the burden of head and neck disease has been less than impressive. Other less known and little-explored pathways may hold the key to the development of potential druggable targets. The extensive work carried out over the last decade, mostly utilising next generation sequencing has opened up the development of many novel approaches to head and neck cancer treatment. This paper explores our current understanding of the molecular pathways of this group of tumours and outlines associated druggable targets which are deployed as therapeutic approaches in head and neck oncology with the ultimate aim of improving patient outcomes and controlling the personal and economic burden of head and neck cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Kordbacheh
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA;
- ACRF Department of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - Camile S. Farah
- The Australian Centre for Oral Oncology Research & Education, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
- Genomics for Life, Brisbane, QLD 4064, Australia
- Anatomical Pathology, Australian Clinical Labs, Subiaco, WA 6008, Australia
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Head and Neck Cancer Signalling Laboratory, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Bainbridge LJ, Teague R, Doherty AJ. Repriming DNA synthesis: an intrinsic restart pathway that maintains efficient genome replication. Nucleic Acids Res 2021; 49:4831-4847. [PMID: 33744934 PMCID: PMC8136793 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
To bypass a diverse range of fork stalling impediments encountered during genome replication, cells possess a variety of DNA damage tolerance (DDT) mechanisms including translesion synthesis, template switching, and fork reversal. These pathways function to bypass obstacles and allow efficient DNA synthesis to be maintained. In addition, lagging strand obstacles can also be circumvented by downstream priming during Okazaki fragment generation, leaving gaps to be filled post-replication. Whether repriming occurs on the leading strand has been intensely debated over the past half-century. Early studies indicated that both DNA strands were synthesised discontinuously. Although later studies suggested that leading strand synthesis was continuous, leading to the preferred semi-discontinuous replication model. However, more recently it has been established that replicative primases can perform leading strand repriming in prokaryotes. An analogous fork restart mechanism has also been identified in most eukaryotes, which possess a specialist primase called PrimPol that conducts repriming downstream of stalling lesions and structures. PrimPol also plays a more general role in maintaining efficient fork progression. Here, we review and discuss the historical evidence and recent discoveries that substantiate repriming as an intrinsic replication restart pathway for maintaining efficient genome duplication across all domains of life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lewis J Bainbridge
- Genome Damage and Stability Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9RQ, UK
| | - Rebecca Teague
- Genome Damage and Stability Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9RQ, UK
| | - Aidan J Doherty
- Genome Damage and Stability Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9RQ, UK
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
ATR regulates neuronal activity by modulating presynaptic firing. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4067. [PMID: 34210973 PMCID: PMC8249387 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24217-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ataxia Telangiectasia and Rad3-related (ATR) protein, as a key DNA damage response (DDR) regulator, plays an essential function in response to replication stress and controls cell viability. Hypomorphic mutations of ATR cause the human ATR-Seckel syndrome, characterized by microcephaly and intellectual disability, which however suggests a yet unknown role for ATR in non-dividing cells. Here we show that ATR deletion in postmitotic neurons does not compromise brain development and formation; rather it enhances intrinsic neuronal activity resulting in aberrant firing and an increased epileptiform activity, which increases the susceptibility of ataxia and epilepsy in mice. ATR deleted neurons exhibit hyper-excitability, associated with changes in action potential conformation and presynaptic vesicle accumulation, independent of DDR signaling. Mechanistically, ATR interacts with synaptotagmin 2 (SYT2) and, without ATR, SYT2 is highly upregulated and aberrantly translocated to excitatory neurons in the hippocampus, thereby conferring a hyper-excitability. This study identifies a physiological function of ATR, beyond its DDR role, in regulating neuronal activity.
Collapse
|
37
|
Cheng YC, Kuo CL, Hsu SY, Way TDER, Cheng CL, Chen JC, Liu KC, Peng SF, Ho WJ, Chueh FS, Huang WW. Tetrandrine Enhances H 2O 2-Induced Apoptotic Cell Death Through Caspase-dependent Pathway in Human Keratinocytes. In Vivo 2021; 35:2047-2057. [PMID: 34182480 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.12474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tetrandrine, a bis-benzylisoquinoline alkaloid, induces apoptosis of many types of human cancer cell. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a reactive oxygen species inducer; however, there are no reports to show whether pre-treatment of tetrandrine with H2O2 induces more cell apoptosis than H2O2 alone. Thus, the present study investigated the effects of tetrandrine on H2O2-induced cell apoptosis of human keratinocytes, HaCaT, in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS HaCaT cells were pre-treated with and without tetrandrine for 1 h, and then treated with H2O2 for examining cell morphological changes and cell viability using contrast-phase microscopy and propidium iodide (PI) exclusion assay, respectively. Cells were measured apoptotic cell death by using annexin V/PI double staining and further analyzed by flow cytometer. Cells were further assessed for DNA condensation using 2-(4-amidinophenyl)-6-indolecarbamidine staining. Western blotting was used to measure expression of apoptosis-associated proteins and confocal laser microscopy was used to measure the protein expression and nuclear translocation from the cytoplasm to nuclei. RESULTS Pre-treatment of tetrandrine for 1 h and treatment with H2O2 enhanced H2O2-induced cell morphological changes and reduced cell viability, whilst increasing apoptotic cell death and DNA condensation. Furthermore, tetrandrine significantly increased expression of reactive oxygen species-associated proteins such as superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn) and superoxide dismutase (Mn) but significantly reduced the level of catalase, which was also confirmed by confocal laser microscopy. It also increased expression of DNA repair-associated proteins ataxia telangiectasia mutated, ataxia-telangectasia and Rad3-related, phospho-P53, P53 and phosphorylated histone H2AX, and of pro-apoptotic proteins BCL2 apoptosis regulator-associated X-protein, caspase-3, caspase-8, caspase-9 and poly ADP ribose polymerase in HaCaT cells. CONCLUSION These are the first and novel findings showing tetrandrine enhances H2O2-induced apoptotic cell death of HaCaT cells and may provide a potent approach for the treatment of proliferated malignant keratinocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ching Cheng
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chao-Lin Kuo
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Sheng-Yao Hsu
- Department of Ophthalmology, An Nan Hospital, China Medical University, Tainan, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Optometry, Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Tzong-DER Way
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ching-Ling Cheng
- Progam of Digital Health Innovation, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jaw-Chyun Chen
- Department of Medicinal Botanicals and Health Applications, Da-Yeh University, Changhua, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Kuo-Ching Liu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Shu-Fen Peng
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Wai-Jane Ho
- Department of Medicinal Botanicals and Health Applications, Da-Yeh University, Changhua, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Fu-Shin Chueh
- Department of Food Nutrition and Health Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C.
| | - Wen-Wen Huang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C.;
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Tannous EA, Burgers PM. Novel insights into the mechanism of cell cycle kinases Mec1(ATR) and Tel1(ATM). Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2021; 56:441-454. [PMID: 34151669 DOI: 10.1080/10409238.2021.1925218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
DNA replication is a highly precise process which usually functions in a perfect rhythm with cell cycle progression. However, cells are constantly faced with various kinds of obstacles such as blocks in DNA replication, lack of availability of precursors and improper chromosome alignment. When these problems are not addressed, they may lead to chromosome instability and the accumulation of mutations, and even cell death. Therefore, the cell has developed response mechanisms to keep most of these situations under control. Of the many factors that participate in this DNA damage response, members of the family of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-related protein kinases (PIKKs) orchestrate the response landscape. Our understanding of two members of the PIKK family, human ATR (yeast Mec1) and ATM (yeast Tel1), and their associated partner proteins, has shown substantial progress through recent biochemical and structural studies. Emerging structural information of these unique kinases show common features that reveal the mechanism of kinase activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elias A Tannous
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Peter M Burgers
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Sun X, Liu M, Bai J, Xu J, Zhu C, Dong J, Chen C. ATR kinase activity promotes antibody class switch recombination in B cells through cell cycle regulation without suppressing DSB resection and microhomology usage. J Leukoc Biol 2021; 110:1101-1112. [PMID: 33884660 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.2ma0321-064r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Class switch recombination (CSR) changes the effector functions of antibodies and is carried out by classical and alternative nonhomologous end joining (c-NHEJ and A-EJ) of repetitive switch (S) region double-strand breaks (DSBs). The master DNA damage response (DDR) kinase ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) is critical for CSR in part by suppressing S region DSB resection. However, whether another related DDR kinase ATM- and Rad3-related (ATR) plays similar role in CSR remains elusive. In this study, we investigated the requirement for ATR kinase activity on CSR in both c-NHEJ competent and deficient B cell lines with high-throughput sequencing of S-S junctions. We found that ATR kinase inhibition efficiently blocked both c-NHEJ- and A-EJ-mediated CSR without affecting germline transcription and activation-induced cytosine deaminase expression. In contrast to ATM, ATR does not suppress S region DSB resection and microhomology usage. In addition, ATR kinase inhibition did not affect Cas9-generated DSB end joining by either c-NHEJ and A-EJ. ATR kinase-inhibited stimulated B cells proliferate much slower than controls and exhibited altered cell cycle profile with increased G1 and G2/M phase cells. In summary, our data revealed a role for ATR in promoting both c-NHEJ- and A-EJ-mediated CSR through regulating cell proliferation upon damage without negatively influencing DSB end-joining features.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xikui Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Meiling Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jingning Bai
- Department of Pediatrics, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jiejie Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Chengming Zhu
- Science Center, the Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Junchao Dong
- Department of Pediatrics, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Chun Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Spotlight on the Replisome: Aetiology of DNA Replication-Associated Genetic Diseases. Trends Genet 2021; 37:317-336. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2020.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
|
41
|
Barnieh FM, Loadman PM, Falconer RA. Progress towards a clinically-successful ATR inhibitor for cancer therapy. CURRENT RESEARCH IN PHARMACOLOGY AND DRUG DISCOVERY 2021; 2:100017. [PMID: 34909652 PMCID: PMC8663972 DOI: 10.1016/j.crphar.2021.100017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The DNA damage response (DDR) is now known to play an important role in both cancer development and its treatment. Targeting proteins such as ATR (Ataxia telangiectasia mutated and Rad3-related) kinase, a major regulator of DDR, has demonstrated significant therapeutic potential in cancer treatment, with ATR inhibitors having shown anti-tumour activity not just as monotherapies, but also in potentiating the effects of conventional chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy. This review focuses on the biology of ATR, its functional role in cancer development and treatment, and the rationale behind inhibition of this target as a therapeutic approach, including evaluation of the progress and current status of development of potent and specific ATR inhibitors that have emerged in recent decades. The current applications of these inhibitors both in preclinical and clinical studies either as single agents or in combinations with chemotherapy, radiotherapy and immunotherapy are also extensively discussed. This review concludes with some insights into the various concerns raised or observed with ATR inhibition in both the preclinical and clinical settings, with some suggested solutions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francis M. Barnieh
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, BD7 1DP, UK
| | - Paul M. Loadman
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, BD7 1DP, UK
| | - Robert A. Falconer
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, BD7 1DP, UK
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Abohelwa M, Elmassry M, Iskandir M, Rogers B, Swaminath D. Seckel syndrome presenting with complete heart block. Proc (Bayl Univ Med Cent) 2021; 34:405-406. [PMID: 33953479 DOI: 10.1080/08998280.2020.1871265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Seckel syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by facial dysmorphic features known as bird-headed dwarfism. Only about 100 cases have been reported. Cardiac anomalies have been described as a potential association with Seckel syndrome. We report a 21-year-old woman with Seckel syndrome and epilepsy who presented with status epilepticus. She was hypotensive and bradycardic. Her electrocardiogram showed complete heart block. She was placed on transcutaneous pacer with no response. A transvenous pacemaker was placed before inserting a suitable permanent pacemaker for her size. This is the third case of complete heart block associated with Seckel syndrome and raises concern about the potential association.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Abohelwa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas
| | - Mohamed Elmassry
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas
| | - Marina Iskandir
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas
| | - Brandon Rogers
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas
| | - Deephak Swaminath
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Activation of DNA damage response signaling in mammalian cells by ionizing radiation. Free Radic Res 2021; 55:581-594. [PMID: 33455476 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2021.1876853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cellular responses to DNA damage are fundamental to preserve genomic integrity during various endogenous and exogenous stresses. Following radiation therapy and chemotherapy, this DNA damage response (DDR) also determines development of carcinogenesis and therapeutic outcome. In humans, DNA damage activates a robust network of signal transduction cascades, driven primarily through phosphorylation events. These responses primarily involve two key non-redundant signal transducing proteins of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-like (PIKK) family - ATR and ATM, and their downstream kinases (hChk1 and hChk2). They further phosphorylate effectors proteins such as p53, Cdc25A and Cdc25C which function either to activate the DNA damage checkpoints and cell death mechanisms, or DNA repair pathways. Identification of molecular pathways that determine signaling after DNA damage and trigger DNA repair in response to differing types of DNA lesions allows for a far better understanding of the consequences of radiation and chemotherapy on normal and tumor cells. Here we highlight the network of DNA damage response pathways that are activated after treatment with different types of radiation. Further, we discuss regulation of cell cycle checkpoint and DNA repair processes in the context of DDR in response to radiation.
Collapse
|
44
|
Targeting DNA Repair and Chromatin Crosstalk in Cancer Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13030381. [PMID: 33498525 PMCID: PMC7864178 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13030381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Targeting aberrant DNA repair in cancers in addition to transcription and replication is an area of interest for cancer researchers. Inhibition of DNA repair selectively in cancer cells leads to cytotoxic or cytostatic effects and overcomes survival advantages imparted by chromosomal translocations or mutations. In this review, we highlight the relevance of DNA repair-linked events in developmental diseases and cancers and also discuss mechanisms to overcome these events that participate in different cellular processes. Abstract Aberrant DNA repair pathways that underlie developmental diseases and cancers are potential targets for therapeutic intervention. Targeting DNA repair signal effectors, modulators and checkpoint proteins, and utilizing the synthetic lethality phenomena has led to seminal discoveries. Efforts to efficiently translate the basic findings to the clinic are currently underway. Chromatin modulation is an integral part of DNA repair cascades and an emerging field of investigation. Here, we discuss some of the key advancements made in DNA repair-based therapeutics and what is known regarding crosstalk between chromatin and repair pathways during various cellular processes, with an emphasis on cancer.
Collapse
|
45
|
Schmit M, Bielinsky AK. Congenital Diseases of DNA Replication: Clinical Phenotypes and Molecular Mechanisms. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:E911. [PMID: 33477564 PMCID: PMC7831139 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) replication can be divided into three major steps: initiation, elongation and termination. Each time a human cell divides, these steps must be reiteratively carried out. Disruption of DNA replication can lead to genomic instability, with the accumulation of point mutations or larger chromosomal anomalies such as rearrangements. While cancer is the most common class of disease associated with genomic instability, several congenital diseases with dysfunctional DNA replication give rise to similar DNA alterations. In this review, we discuss all congenital diseases that arise from pathogenic variants in essential replication genes across the spectrum of aberrant replisome assembly, origin activation and DNA synthesis. For each of these conditions, we describe their clinical phenotypes as well as molecular studies aimed at determining the functional mechanisms of disease, including the assessment of genomic stability. By comparing and contrasting these diseases, we hope to illuminate how the disruption of DNA replication at distinct steps affects human health in a surprisingly cell-type-specific manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Anja-Katrin Bielinsky
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Phan TP, Maryniak AL, Boatwright CA, Lee J, Atkins A, Tijhuis A, Spierings DCJ, Bazzi H, Foijer F, Jordan PW, Stracker TH, Holland AJ. Centrosome defects cause microcephaly by activating the 53BP1-USP28-TP53 mitotic surveillance pathway. EMBO J 2021; 40:e106118. [PMID: 33226141 PMCID: PMC7780150 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2020106118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in centrosome genes deplete neural progenitor cells (NPCs) during brain development, causing microcephaly. While NPC attrition is linked to TP53-mediated cell death in several microcephaly models, how TP53 is activated remains unclear. In cultured cells, mitotic delays resulting from centrosome loss prevent the growth of unfit daughter cells by activating a pathway involving 53BP1, USP28, and TP53, termed the mitotic surveillance pathway. Whether this pathway is active in the developing brain is unknown. Here, we show that the depletion of centrosome proteins in NPCs prolongs mitosis and increases TP53-mediated apoptosis. Cell death after a delayed mitosis was rescued by inactivation of the mitotic surveillance pathway. Moreover, 53BP1 or USP28 deletion restored NPC proliferation and brain size without correcting the upstream centrosome defects or extended mitosis. By contrast, microcephaly caused by the loss of the non-centrosomal protein SMC5 is also TP53-dependent but is not rescued by loss of 53BP1 or USP28. Thus, we propose that mutations in centrosome genes cause microcephaly by delaying mitosis and pathologically activating the mitotic surveillance pathway in the developing brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thao P Phan
- Department of Molecular Biology and GeneticsJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Aubrey L Maryniak
- Department of Molecular Biology and GeneticsJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA
| | | | - Junsu Lee
- Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Alisa Atkins
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyBloomberg School of Public HealthJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Andrea Tijhuis
- European Research Institute for the Biology of AgeingUniversity of GroningenUniversity Medical Center GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Diana CJ Spierings
- European Research Institute for the Biology of AgeingUniversity of GroningenUniversity Medical Center GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Hisham Bazzi
- Cologne Excellence Cluster for Cellular Stress Responses in Aging‐Associated Diseases (CECAD)University of CologneCologneGermany
- Department of Dermatology and VenereologyUniversity Hospital of CologneKölnGermany
| | - Floris Foijer
- European Research Institute for the Biology of AgeingUniversity of GroningenUniversity Medical Center GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Philip W Jordan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyBloomberg School of Public HealthJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Travis H Stracker
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona)The Barcelona Institute of Science and TechnologyBarcelonaSpain
| | - Andrew J Holland
- Department of Molecular Biology and GeneticsJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Subbiahanadar Chelladurai K, Selvan Christyraj JD, Azhagesan A, Paulraj VD, Jothimani M, Yesudhason BV, Chellathurai Vasantha N, Ganesan M, Rajagopalan K, Venkatachalam S, Benedict J, John Samuel JK, Selvan Christyraj JRS. Exploring the effect of UV-C radiation on earthworm and understanding its genomic integrity in the context of H2AX expression. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21005. [PMID: 33273505 PMCID: PMC7713072 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77719-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Maintaining genomic stability is inevitable for organism survival and it is challenged by mutagenic agents, which include ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Whenever DNA damage occurs, it is sensed by DNA-repairing proteins and thereby performing the DNA-repair mechanism. Specifically, in response to DNA damage, H2AX is a key protein involved in initiating the DNA-repair processes. In this present study, we investigate the effect of UV-C on earthworm, Perionyx excavatus and analyzed the DNA-damage response. Briefly, we expose the worms to different doses of UV-C and find that worms are highly sensitive to UV-C. As a primary response, earthworms produce coelomic fluid followed by autotomy. However, tissue inflammation followed by death is observed when we expose worm to increased doses of UV-C. In particular, UV-C promotes damages in skin layers and on the contrary, it mediates the chloragogen and epithelial outgrowth in intestinal tissues. Furthermore, UV-C promotes DNA damages followed by upregulation of H2AX on dose-dependent manner. Our finding confirms DNA damage caused by UV-C is directly proportional to the expression of H2AX. In short, we conclude that H2AX is present in the invertebrate earthworm, which plays an evolutionarily conserved role in DNA damage event as like that in higher animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karthikeyan Subbiahanadar Chelladurai
- grid.412427.60000 0004 1761 0622Regeneration and Stem Cell Biology Lab, Centre for Molecular and Nanomedical Sciences, International Research Centre, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, 600119 Tamilnadu India
| | - Jackson Durairaj Selvan Christyraj
- grid.412427.60000 0004 1761 0622Regeneration and Stem Cell Biology Lab, Centre for Molecular and Nanomedical Sciences, International Research Centre, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, 600119 Tamilnadu India
| | - Ananthaselvam Azhagesan
- grid.412427.60000 0004 1761 0622Regeneration and Stem Cell Biology Lab, Centre for Molecular and Nanomedical Sciences, International Research Centre, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, 600119 Tamilnadu India ,grid.412813.d0000 0001 0687 4946Present Address: Centre for Nanobiotechnology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014 Tamilnadu India
| | - Vennila Devi Paulraj
- grid.412427.60000 0004 1761 0622Regeneration and Stem Cell Biology Lab, Centre for Molecular and Nanomedical Sciences, International Research Centre, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, 600119 Tamilnadu India
| | - Muralidharan Jothimani
- grid.412427.60000 0004 1761 0622Regeneration and Stem Cell Biology Lab, Centre for Molecular and Nanomedical Sciences, International Research Centre, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, 600119 Tamilnadu India ,grid.411312.40000 0001 0363 9238Present Address: Department of Bioinformatics, Science Campus, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, 630004 Tamilnadu India
| | - Beryl Vedha Yesudhason
- grid.412427.60000 0004 1761 0622Regeneration and Stem Cell Biology Lab, Centre for Molecular and Nanomedical Sciences, International Research Centre, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, 600119 Tamilnadu India
| | - Niranjan Chellathurai Vasantha
- grid.412427.60000 0004 1761 0622Regeneration and Stem Cell Biology Lab, Centre for Molecular and Nanomedical Sciences, International Research Centre, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, 600119 Tamilnadu India
| | - Mijithra Ganesan
- grid.412427.60000 0004 1761 0622Regeneration and Stem Cell Biology Lab, Centre for Molecular and Nanomedical Sciences, International Research Centre, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, 600119 Tamilnadu India
| | - Kamarajan Rajagopalan
- grid.412427.60000 0004 1761 0622Regeneration and Stem Cell Biology Lab, Centre for Molecular and Nanomedical Sciences, International Research Centre, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, 600119 Tamilnadu India
| | - Saravanakumar Venkatachalam
- grid.412427.60000 0004 1761 0622Regeneration and Stem Cell Biology Lab, Centre for Molecular and Nanomedical Sciences, International Research Centre, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, 600119 Tamilnadu India
| | - Johnson Benedict
- grid.412427.60000 0004 1761 0622Regeneration and Stem Cell Biology Lab, Centre for Molecular and Nanomedical Sciences, International Research Centre, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, 600119 Tamilnadu India
| | - Jemima Kamalapriya John Samuel
- grid.252262.30000 0001 0613 6919Department of Biotechnology, Anna University of Technology, Tiruchirappalli, 620024 Tamilnadu India
| | - Johnson Retnaraj Samuel Selvan Christyraj
- grid.412427.60000 0004 1761 0622Regeneration and Stem Cell Biology Lab, Centre for Molecular and Nanomedical Sciences, International Research Centre, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, 600119 Tamilnadu India
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Schlam-Babayov S, Bensimon A, Harel M, Geiger T, Aebersold R, Ziv Y, Shiloh Y. Phosphoproteomics reveals novel modes of function and inter-relationships among PIKKs in response to genotoxic stress. EMBO J 2020; 40:e104400. [PMID: 33215756 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2020104400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The DNA damage response (DDR) is a complex signaling network that relies on cascades of protein phosphorylation, which are initiated by three protein kinases of the family of PI3-kinase-related protein kinases (PIKKs): ATM, ATR, and DNA-PK. ATM is missing or inactivated in the genome instability syndrome, ataxia-telangiectasia (A-T). The relative shares of these PIKKs in the response to genotoxic stress and the functional relationships among them are central questions in the genome stability field. We conducted a comprehensive phosphoproteomic analysis in human wild-type and A-T cells treated with the double-strand break-inducing chemical, neocarzinostatin, and validated the results with the targeted proteomic technique, selected reaction monitoring. We also matched our results with 34 published screens for DDR factors, creating a valuable resource for identifying strong candidates for novel DDR players. We uncovered fine-tuned dynamics between the PIKKs following genotoxic stress, such as DNA-PK-dependent attenuation of ATM. In A-T cells, partial compensation for ATM absence was provided by ATR and DNA-PK, with distinct roles and kinetics. The results highlight intricate relationships between these PIKKs in the DDR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sapir Schlam-Babayov
- The David and Inez Myers Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Tel Aviv University School of Medicine, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ariel Bensimon
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michal Harel
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Tel Aviv University School of Medicine, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Tamar Geiger
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Tel Aviv University School of Medicine, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ruedi Aebersold
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Faculty of Science, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Yael Ziv
- The David and Inez Myers Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Tel Aviv University School of Medicine, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yosef Shiloh
- The David and Inez Myers Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Tel Aviv University School of Medicine, Tel Aviv, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Cicconi A, Rai R, Xiong X, Broton C, Al-Hiyasat A, Hu C, Dong S, Sun W, Garbarino J, Bindra RS, Schildkraut C, Chen Y, Chang S. Microcephalin 1/BRIT1-TRF2 interaction promotes telomere replication and repair, linking telomere dysfunction to primary microcephaly. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5861. [PMID: 33203878 PMCID: PMC7672075 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19674-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Telomeres protect chromosome ends from inappropriately activating the DNA damage and repair responses. Primary microcephaly is a key clinical feature of several human telomere disorder syndromes, but how microcephaly is linked to dysfunctional telomeres is not known. Here, we show that the microcephalin 1/BRCT-repeats inhibitor of hTERT (MCPH1/BRIT1) protein, mutated in primary microcephaly, specifically interacts with the TRFH domain of the telomere binding protein TRF2. The crystal structure of the MCPH1-TRF2 complex reveals that this interaction is mediated by the MCPH1 330YRLSP334 motif. TRF2-dependent recruitment of MCPH1 promotes localization of DNA damage factors and homology directed repair of dysfunctional telomeres lacking POT1-TPP1. Additionally, MCPH1 is involved in the replication stress response, promoting telomere replication fork progression and restart of stalled telomere replication forks. Our work uncovers a previously unrecognized role for MCPH1 in promoting telomere replication, providing evidence that telomere replication defects may contribute to the onset of microcephaly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Cicconi
- grid.47100.320000000419368710Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, 330 Cedar St., New Haven, CT 06520 USA
| | - Rekha Rai
- grid.47100.320000000419368710Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, 330 Cedar St., New Haven, CT 06520 USA
| | - Xuexue Xiong
- grid.507739.fState Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031 China
| | - Cayla Broton
- grid.47100.320000000419368710Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, 330 Cedar St., New Haven, CT 06520 USA ,grid.5386.8000000041936877XTri- Institutional MD/PhD Program, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065 USA
| | - Amer Al-Hiyasat
- grid.47100.320000000419368710Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, 330 Cedar St., New Haven, CT 06520 USA ,grid.47100.320000000419368710Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University School of Medicine, 330 Cedar St., New Haven, CT 06520 USA
| | - Chunyi Hu
- grid.507739.fState Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031 China
| | - Siying Dong
- grid.507739.fState Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031 China
| | - Wenqi Sun
- grid.507739.fState Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031 China
| | - Jennifer Garbarino
- grid.47100.320000000419368710Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University School of Medicine, 330 Cedar St., New Haven, CT 06520 USA ,grid.47100.320000000419368710Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, 330 Cedar St., New Haven, CT 06520 USA
| | - Ranjit S. Bindra
- grid.47100.320000000419368710Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, 330 Cedar St., New Haven, CT 06520 USA ,grid.47100.320000000419368710Department of Experimental Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, 330 Cedar St., New Haven, CT 06520 USA
| | - Carl Schildkraut
- grid.251993.50000000121791997Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461 USA
| | - Yong Chen
- grid.507739.fState Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031 China
| | - Sandy Chang
- grid.47100.320000000419368710Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, 330 Cedar St., New Haven, CT 06520 USA ,grid.47100.320000000419368710Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University School of Medicine, 330 Cedar St., New Haven, CT 06520 USA ,grid.47100.320000000419368710Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, 330 Cedar St., New Haven, CT 06520 USA
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Matos-Rodrigues GE, Tan PB, Rocha-Martins M, Charlier CF, Gomes AL, Cabral-Miranda F, Grigaravicius P, Hofmann TG, Frappart PO, Martins RAP. Progenitor death drives retinal dysplasia and neuronal degeneration in a mouse model of ATRIP-Seckel syndrome. Dis Model Mech 2020; 13:dmm045807. [PMID: 32994318 PMCID: PMC7648607 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.045807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Seckel syndrome is a type of microcephalic primordial dwarfism (MPD) that is characterized by growth retardation and neurodevelopmental defects, including reports of retinopathy. Mutations in key mediators of the replication stress response, the mutually dependent partners ATR and ATRIP, are among the known causes of Seckel syndrome. However, it remains unclear how their deficiency disrupts the development and function of the central nervous system (CNS). Here, we investigated the cellular and molecular consequences of ATRIP deficiency in different cell populations of the developing murine neural retina. We discovered that conditional inactivation of Atrip in photoreceptor neurons did not affect their survival or function. In contrast, Atrip deficiency in retinal progenitor cells (RPCs) led to severe lamination defects followed by secondary photoreceptor degeneration and loss of vision. Furthermore, we showed that RPCs lacking functional ATRIP exhibited higher levels of replicative stress and accumulated endogenous DNA damage that was accompanied by stabilization of TRP53. Notably, inactivation of Trp53 prevented apoptosis of Atrip-deficient progenitor cells and was sufficient to rescue retinal dysplasia, neurodegeneration and loss of vision. Together, these results reveal an essential role of ATRIP-mediated replication stress response in CNS development and suggest that the TRP53-mediated apoptosis of progenitor cells might contribute to retinal malformations in Seckel syndrome and other MPD disorders.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel E Matos-Rodrigues
- Programa de Biologia Celular e do Desenvolvimento, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941902, Brazil
| | - Pedro B Tan
- Programa de Biologia Celular e do Desenvolvimento, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941902, Brazil
| | - Maurício Rocha-Martins
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstraße 108, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Clara F Charlier
- Programa de Biologia Celular e do Desenvolvimento, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941902, Brazil
| | - Anielle L Gomes
- Programa de Biologia Celular e do Desenvolvimento, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941902, Brazil
| | - Felipe Cabral-Miranda
- Programa de Biologia Celular e do Desenvolvimento, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941902, Brazil
| | | | - Thomas G Hofmann
- Institute of Toxicology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, 55131 Germany
| | - Pierre-Olivier Frappart
- Institute of Toxicology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, 55131 Germany
| | - Rodrigo A P Martins
- Programa de Biologia Celular e do Desenvolvimento, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941902, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|