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Banerjee S, Nagasawa CK, Widen SG, Garcia-Blanco MA. Parsing the roles of DExD-box proteins DDX39A and DDX39B in alternative RNA splicing. Nucleic Acids Res 2024:gkae431. [PMID: 38801080 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkae431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
DExD-box RNA proteins DDX39A and DDX39B are highly homologous paralogs that are conserved in vertebrates. They are required for energy-driven reactions involved in RNA processing. Although we have some understanding of how their functions overlap in RNA nuclear export, our knowledge of whether or not these proteins have specific or redundant functions in RNA splicing is limited. Our previous work has shown that DDX39B is responsible for regulating the splicing of important immune transcripts IL7R and FOXP3. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether DDX39A, a highly homologous paralog of DDX39B, plays a similar role in regulating alternative RNA splicing. We find that DDX39A and DDX39B have significant redundancy in their gene targets, but there are targets that uniquely require one or the other paralog. For instance, DDX39A is incapable of complementing defective splicing of IL7R exon 6 when DDX39B is depleted. This exon and other cassette exons that specifically depend on DDX39B have U-poor/C-rich polypyrimidine tracts in the upstream intron and this variant polypyrimidine tract is required for DDX39B dependency. This study provides evidence that despite a high degree of functional redundancy, DDX39A and DDX39B are selectively required for the splicing of specific pre-mRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shefali Banerjee
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77550, USA
| | - Chloe K Nagasawa
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77550, USA
- Human Pathophysiology and Translational Medicine Program, Institute for Translational Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-5302, USA
| | - Steven G Widen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77550, USA
| | - Mariano A Garcia-Blanco
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77550, USA
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2
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Yellamaty R, Sharma S. Critical Cellular Functions and Mechanisms of Action of the RNA Helicase UAP56. J Mol Biol 2024; 436:168604. [PMID: 38729260 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2024.168604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Posttranscriptional maturation and export from the nucleus to the cytoplasm are essential steps in the normal processing of many cellular RNAs. The RNA helicase UAP56 (U2AF associated protein 56; also known as DDX39B) has emerged as a critical player in facilitating and co-transcriptionally linking these steps. Originally identified as a helicase involved in pre-mRNA splicing, UAP56 has been shown to facilitate formation of the A complex during spliceosome assembly. Additionally, it has been found to be critical for interactions between components of the exon junction and transcription and export complexes to promote the loading of export receptors. Although it appears to be structurally similar to other helicase superfamily 2 members, UAP56's ability to interact with multiple different protein partners allows it to perform its various cellular functions. Herein, we describe the structure-activity relationship studies that identified protein interactions of UAP56 and its human paralog URH49 (UAP56-related helicase 49; also known as DDX39A) and are beginning to reveal molecular mechanisms by which interacting proteins and substrate RNAs may regulate these helicases. We also provide an overview of reports that have demonstrated less well-characterized roles for UAP56, including R-loop resolution and telomere maintenance. Finally, we discuss studies that indicate a potential pathogenic effect of UAP56 in the development of autoimmune diseases and cancer, and identify the association of somatic and genetic mutations in UAP56 with neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Yellamaty
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine-Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
| | - Shalini Sharma
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine-Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA.
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3
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Mackeh R, El Bsat Y, Elmi A, Bibawi H, Karim MY, Hassan A, Lo B. Novel Synonymous Variant in IL7R Causes Preferential Expression of the Soluble Isoform. J Clin Immunol 2024; 44:96. [PMID: 38587703 PMCID: PMC11001715 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-024-01688-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The interleukin-7 receptor (IL-7R) is primarily expressed on lymphoid cells and plays a crucial role in the development, proliferation, and survival of T cells. Autosomal recessive mutations that disrupt IL-7Rα chain expression give rise to a severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID), which is characterized by lymphopenia and a T-B+NK+ phenotype. The objective here was to diagnose two siblings displaying the T-B+NK+ SCID phenotype as initial clinical genetic testing did not detect any variants in known SCID genes. METHODS Whole genome sequencing (WGS) was utilized to identify potential variants causing the SCID phenotype. Splicing prediction tools were employed to assess the deleterious impact of the mutation. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), Sanger sequencing, flow cytometry, and ELISA were then used to validate the pathogenicity of the detected mutation. RESULTS We discovered a novel homozygous synonymous mutation in the IL7R gene. Our functional studies indicate that this variant is pathogenic, causing exon 6, which encodes the transmembrane domain, to be preferentially spliced out. CONCLUSION In this study, we identified a novel rare synonymous mutation causing a loss of IL-7Rα expression at the cellular membrane. This case demonstrates the value of reanalyzing genetic data based on the clinical phenotype and highlights the significance of functional studies in determining the pathogenicity of genetic variants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Asha Elmi
- Research Branch, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Hani Bibawi
- Division of Hematopathology, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mohammed Yousuf Karim
- Division of Hematopathology, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
- College of Medicine, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Amel Hassan
- Pediatric Allergy and Immunology Department, Sidra Medicine, Ar-Rayyan, Qatar
| | - Bernice Lo
- Research Branch, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar.
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar.
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4
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Pietzner M, Uluvar B, Kolnes KJ, Jeppesen PB, Frivold SV, Skattebo Ø, Johansen EI, Skålhegg BS, Wojtaszewski JFP, Kolnes AJ, Yeo GSH, O'Rahilly S, Jensen J, Langenberg C. Systemic proteome adaptions to 7-day complete caloric restriction in humans. Nat Metab 2024; 6:764-777. [PMID: 38429390 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-024-01008-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Surviving long periods without food has shaped human evolution. In ancient and modern societies, prolonged fasting was/is practiced by billions of people globally for religious purposes, used to treat diseases such as epilepsy, and recently gained popularity as weight loss intervention, but we still have a very limited understanding of the systemic adaptions in humans to extreme caloric restriction of different durations. Here we show that a 7-day water-only fast leads to an average weight loss of 5.7 kg (±0.8 kg) among 12 volunteers (5 women, 7 men). We demonstrate nine distinct proteomic response profiles, with systemic changes evident only after 3 days of complete calorie restriction based on in-depth characterization of the temporal trajectories of ~3,000 plasma proteins measured before, daily during, and after fasting. The multi-organ response to complete caloric restriction shows distinct effects of fasting duration and weight loss and is remarkably conserved across volunteers with >1,000 significantly responding proteins. The fasting signature is strongly enriched for extracellular matrix proteins from various body sites, demonstrating profound non-metabolic adaptions, including extreme changes in the brain-specific extracellular matrix protein tenascin-R. Using proteogenomic approaches, we estimate the health consequences for 212 proteins that change during fasting across ~500 outcomes and identified putative beneficial (SWAP70 and rheumatoid arthritis or HYOU1 and heart disease), as well as adverse effects. Our results advance our understanding of prolonged fasting in humans beyond a merely energy-centric adaptions towards a systemic response that can inform targeted therapeutic modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maik Pietzner
- Computational Medicine, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
- Precision Healthcare University Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Burulça Uluvar
- Computational Medicine, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kristoffer J Kolnes
- Department of Physical Performance, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
- Steno Diabetes Center Odense, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Per B Jeppesen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - S Victoria Frivold
- Institute of Health and Society, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Øyvind Skattebo
- Department of Physical Performance, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Egil I Johansen
- Department of Physical Performance, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bjørn S Skålhegg
- Department of Nutrition, Division for Molecular Nutrition, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jørgen F P Wojtaszewski
- August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders J Kolnes
- Section of Specialized Endocrinology, Department of Endocrinology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Giles S H Yeo
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Stephen O'Rahilly
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jørgen Jensen
- Department of Physical Performance, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Claudia Langenberg
- Computational Medicine, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
- Precision Healthcare University Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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5
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Sánchez-Sanz A, Muñoz-Viana R, Sabín-Muñoz J, Moreno-Torres I, Brea-Álvarez B, Rodríguez-De la Fuente O, García-Merino A, Sánchez-López AJ. Response to Fingolimod in Multiple Sclerosis Patients Is Associated with a Differential Transcriptomic Regulation. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1372. [PMID: 38338652 PMCID: PMC10855583 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Fingolimod is an immunomodulatory sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) analogue approved for the treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). The identification of biomarkers of clinical responses to fingolimod is a major necessity in MS to identify optimal responders and avoid the risk of disease progression in non-responders. With this aim, we used RNA sequencing to study the transcriptomic changes induced by fingolimod in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of MS-treated patients and their association with clinical response. Samples were obtained from 10 RRMS patients (five responders and five non-responders) at baseline and at 12 months of fingolimod therapy. Fingolimod exerted a vast impact at the transcriptional level, identifying 7155 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) compared to baseline that affected the regulation of numerous signaling pathways. These DEGs were predominantly immune related, including genes associated with S1P metabolism, cytokines, lymphocyte trafficking, master transcription factors of lymphocyte functions and the NF-kB pathway. Responder and non-responder patients exhibited a differential transcriptomic regulation during treatment, with responders presenting a higher number of DEGs (6405) compared to non-responders (2653). The S1P, NF-kB and TCR signaling pathways were differentially modulated in responder and non-responder patients. These transcriptomic differences offer the potential of being exploited as biomarkers of a clinical response to fingolimod.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Sánchez-Sanz
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Puerta de Hierro-Segovia de Arana, 28222 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Rafael Muñoz-Viana
- Bioinformatics Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Puerta de Hierro-Segovia de Arana, 28222 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Julia Sabín-Muñoz
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, 28222 Madrid, Spain; (J.S.-M.); (O.R.-D.l.F.)
| | - Irene Moreno-Torres
- Demyelinating Diseases Unit, Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Beatriz Brea-Álvarez
- Radiodiagnostic Division, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, 28222 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Ofir Rodríguez-De la Fuente
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, 28222 Madrid, Spain; (J.S.-M.); (O.R.-D.l.F.)
| | - Antonio García-Merino
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Puerta de Hierro-Segovia de Arana, 28222 Madrid, Spain;
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, 28222 Madrid, Spain; (J.S.-M.); (O.R.-D.l.F.)
- Department of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Red Española de Esclerosis Múltiple (REEM), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio J. Sánchez-López
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Puerta de Hierro-Segovia de Arana, 28222 Madrid, Spain;
- Red Española de Esclerosis Múltiple (REEM), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Biobank, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Puerta de Hierro-Segovia de Arana, 28222 Madrid, Spain
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6
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Van Horebeek L, David M, Dedoncker N, Mallants K, Bijnens B, Goris A, Dubois B. A targeted sequencing extension for transcript genotyping in single-cell transcriptomics. Life Sci Alliance 2023; 6:e202301971. [PMID: 37696578 PMCID: PMC10494938 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202301971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
As no existing methods within the single-cell RNA sequencing repertoire combine genotyping of specific genomic loci with high throughput, we evaluated a straightforward, targeted sequencing approach as an extension to high-throughput droplet-based single-cell RNA sequencing. Overlaying standard gene expression data with transcript level genotype information provides a strategy to study the impact of genetic variants. Here, we describe this targeted sequencing extension, explain how to process the data and evaluate how technical parameters such as amount of input cDNA, number of amplification rounds, and sequencing depth influence the number of transcripts detected. Finally, we demonstrate how targeted sequencing can be used in two contexts: (1) simultaneous investigation of the presence of a somatic variant and its potential impact on the transcriptome of affected cells and (2) evaluation of allele-specific expression of a germline variant in ad hoc cell subsets. Through these and other comparable applications, our targeted sequencing extension has the potential to improve our understanding of functional effects caused by genetic variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lies Van Horebeek
- https://ror.org/05f950310 Laboratory for Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Margaux David
- https://ror.org/05f950310 Laboratory for Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nina Dedoncker
- https://ror.org/05f950310 Laboratory for Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Klara Mallants
- https://ror.org/05f950310 Laboratory for Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Baukje Bijnens
- https://ror.org/05f950310 Laboratory for Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - An Goris
- https://ror.org/05f950310 Laboratory for Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bénédicte Dubois
- https://ror.org/05f950310 Laboratory for Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Neurology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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7
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Gusev A. Germline mechanisms of immunotherapy toxicities in the era of genome-wide association studies. Immunol Rev 2023; 318:138-156. [PMID: 37515388 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy has revolutionized the treatment of advanced cancers and is quickly becoming an option for early-stage disease. By reactivating the host immune system, immunotherapy harnesses patients' innate defenses to eradicate the tumor. By putatively similar mechanisms, immunotherapy can also substantially increase the risk of toxicities or immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Severe irAEs can lead to hospitalization, treatment discontinuation, lifelong immune complications, or even death. Many irAEs present with similar symptoms to heritable autoimmune diseases, suggesting that germline genetics may contribute to their onset. Recently, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of irAEs have identified common germline associations and putative mechanisms, lending support to this hypothesis. A wide range of well-established GWAS methods can potentially be harnessed to understand the etiology of irAEs specifically and immunotherapy outcomes broadly. This review summarizes current findings regarding germline effects on immunotherapy outcomes and discusses opportunities and challenges for leveraging germline genetics to understand, predict, and treat irAEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Gusev
- Division of Population Sciences, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Genetics, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- The Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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8
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Sonti S, Littleton SH, Pahl MC, Zimmerman AJ, Chesi A, Palermo J, Lasconi C, Brown EB, Pippin JA, Wells AD, Doldur-Balli F, Pack AI, Gehrman PR, Keene AC, Grant SFA. Perturbation of the insomnia WDR90 GWAS locus pinpoints rs3752495 as a causal variant influencing distal expression of neighboring gene, PIG-Q. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.17.553739. [PMID: 37645863 PMCID: PMC10462147 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.17.553739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Although genome wide association studies (GWAS) have been crucial for the identification of loci associated with sleep traits and disorders, the method itself does not directly uncover the underlying causal variants and corresponding effector genes. The overwhelming majority of such variants reside in non-coding regions and are therefore presumed to impact the activity of cis-regulatory elements, such as enhancers. Our previously reported 'variant-to-gene mapping' effort in human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived neural progenitor cells (NPCs), combined with validation in both Drosophila and zebrafish, implicated PIG-Q as a functionally relevant gene at the insomnia 'WDR90' locus. However, importantly that effort did not characterize the corresponding underlying causal variant at this GWAS signal. Specifically, our genome-wide ATAC-seq and high-resolution promoter-focused Capture C datasets generated in this cell setting brought our attention to a shortlist of three tightly neighboring single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in strong linkage disequilibrium in a candidate intronic enhancer region of WDR90 that contacted the open PIG-Q promoter. The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of the proxy SNPs collectively and then individually on PIG-Q modulation and to pinpoint the causal "regulatory" variant among the three SNPs. Starting at a gross level perturbation, deletion of the entire region harboring all three SNPs in human iPSC-derived neural progenitor cells via CRISPR-Cas9 editing and subsequent RNA sequencing revealed expression changes in specific PIG-Q transcripts. Results from more refined individual luciferase reporter assays for each of the three SNPs in iPSCs revealed that the intronic region with the rs3752495 risk allele induced a ~2.5-fold increase in luciferase expression (n=10). Importantly, rs3752495 also exhibited an allele specific effect, with the risk allele increasing the luciferase expression by ~2-fold compared to the non-risk allele. In conclusion, our variant-to-function approach and subsequent in vitro validation implicates rs3752495 as a causal insomnia risk variant embedded at the WDR90-PIG-Q locus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpa Sonti
- Center for Spatial and Functional Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Sheridan H Littleton
- Center for Spatial and Functional Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Matthew C Pahl
- Center for Spatial and Functional Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Amber J Zimmerman
- Center for Spatial and Functional Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Alessandra Chesi
- Center for Spatial and Functional Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine Philadelphia PA USA
| | - Justin Palermo
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Chiara Lasconi
- Center for Spatial and Functional Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Elizabeth B Brown
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - James A Pippin
- Center for Spatial and Functional Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Andrew D Wells
- Center for Spatial and Functional Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Fusun Doldur-Balli
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Allan I Pack
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Phillip R Gehrman
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Alex C Keene
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - S F A Grant
- Center for Spatial and Functional Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Divisions of Human Genetics and Endocrinology & Diabetes, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
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9
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Akbari P, Vuckovic D, Stefanucci L, Jiang T, Kundu K, Kreuzhuber R, Bao EL, Collins JH, Downes K, Grassi L, Guerrero JA, Kaptoge S, Knight JC, Meacham S, Sambrook J, Seyres D, Stegle O, Verboon JM, Walter K, Watkins NA, Danesh J, Roberts DJ, Di Angelantonio E, Sankaran VG, Frontini M, Burgess S, Kuijpers T, Peters JE, Butterworth AS, Ouwehand WH, Soranzo N, Astle WJ. A genome-wide association study of blood cell morphology identifies cellular proteins implicated in disease aetiology. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5023. [PMID: 37596262 PMCID: PMC10439125 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40679-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Blood cells contain functionally important intracellular structures, such as granules, critical to immunity and thrombosis. Quantitative variation in these structures has not been subjected previously to large-scale genetic analysis. We perform genome-wide association studies of 63 flow-cytometry derived cellular phenotypes-including cell-type specific measures of granularity, nucleic acid content and reactivity-in 41,515 participants in the INTERVAL study. We identify 2172 distinct variant-trait associations, including associations near genes coding for proteins in organelles implicated in inflammatory and thrombotic diseases. By integrating with epigenetic data we show that many intracellular structures are likely to be determined in immature precursor cells. By integrating with proteomic data we identify the transcription factor FOG2 as an early regulator of platelet formation and α-granularity. Finally, we show that colocalisation of our associations with disease risk signals can suggest aetiological cell-types-variants in IL2RA and ITGA4 respectively mirror the known effects of daclizumab in multiple sclerosis and vedolizumab in inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parsa Akbari
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Strangeways Research Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Wort's Causeway, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
- Department of Human Genetics, The Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1HH, UK
- Medical Research Council Biostatistics Unit, University of Cambridge, East Forvie Building, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Forvie Site, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0SR, UK
- The National Institute for Health and Care Research Blood and Transplant Unit in Donor Health and Genomics, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Strangeways Research Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Wort's Causeway, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Dragana Vuckovic
- Department of Human Genetics, The Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1HH, UK
- The National Institute for Health and Care Research Blood and Transplant Unit in Donor Health and Genomics, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Strangeways Research Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Wort's Causeway, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Luca Stefanucci
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Long Road, Cambridge, CB2 0PT, UK
- National Health Service Blood and Transplant, Cambridge Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Long Road, Cambridge, CB2 0PT, UK
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Tao Jiang
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Strangeways Research Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Wort's Causeway, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
- The National Institute for Health and Care Research Blood and Transplant Unit in Donor Health and Genomics, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Strangeways Research Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Wort's Causeway, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
- Victor Phillip Dahdaleh Heart and Lung Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0BB, UK
| | - Kousik Kundu
- Department of Human Genetics, The Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1HH, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Long Road, Cambridge, CB2 0PT, UK
| | - Roman Kreuzhuber
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Long Road, Cambridge, CB2 0PT, UK
| | - Erik L Bao
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 1 Blackfan Circle, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, 450 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 415 Main St, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- Harvard-MIT Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard Medical School, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Janine H Collins
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Long Road, Cambridge, CB2 0PT, UK
- National Health Service Blood and Transplant, Cambridge Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Long Road, Cambridge, CB2 0PT, UK
- Department of Haematology, Barts Health National Health Service Trust, London, E1 1BB, UK
| | - Kate Downes
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Long Road, Cambridge, CB2 0PT, UK
- National Health Service Blood and Transplant, Cambridge Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Long Road, Cambridge, CB2 0PT, UK
| | - Luigi Grassi
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Long Road, Cambridge, CB2 0PT, UK
- National Health Service Blood and Transplant, Cambridge Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Long Road, Cambridge, CB2 0PT, UK
- National Institute for Health and Care Research Cambridge BioResource, Box 229, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Jose A Guerrero
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Long Road, Cambridge, CB2 0PT, UK
- National Health Service Blood and Transplant, Cambridge Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Long Road, Cambridge, CB2 0PT, UK
| | - Stephen Kaptoge
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Strangeways Research Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Wort's Causeway, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
- The National Institute for Health and Care Research Blood and Transplant Unit in Donor Health and Genomics, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Strangeways Research Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Wort's Causeway, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
- Victor Phillip Dahdaleh Heart and Lung Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0BB, UK
| | - Julian C Knight
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Stuart Meacham
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Long Road, Cambridge, CB2 0PT, UK
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Jennifer Sambrook
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Long Road, Cambridge, CB2 0PT, UK
- National Institute for Health and Care Research Cambridge BioResource, Box 229, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Denis Seyres
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Long Road, Cambridge, CB2 0PT, UK
- National Health Service Blood and Transplant, Cambridge Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Long Road, Cambridge, CB2 0PT, UK
- National Institute for Health and Care Research Cambridge BioResource, Box 229, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Oliver Stegle
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SD, UK
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Genome Biology Unit, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Computational Genomics and Systems Genetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jeffrey M Verboon
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 1 Blackfan Circle, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, 450 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 415 Main St, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Klaudia Walter
- Department of Human Genetics, The Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1HH, UK
| | - Nicholas A Watkins
- National Health Service Blood and Transplant, Cambridge Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Long Road, Cambridge, CB2 0PT, UK
| | - John Danesh
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Strangeways Research Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Wort's Causeway, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
- Department of Human Genetics, The Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1HH, UK
- The National Institute for Health and Care Research Blood and Transplant Unit in Donor Health and Genomics, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Strangeways Research Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Wort's Causeway, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
- Victor Phillip Dahdaleh Heart and Lung Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0BB, UK
- Health Data Research UK Cambridge, Wellcome Genome Campus and University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - David J Roberts
- The National Institute for Health and Care Research Blood and Transplant Unit in Donor Health and Genomics, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Strangeways Research Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Wort's Causeway, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
- Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Headley Way, Headington, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre-Haematology Theme, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headley Way, Headington, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
- National Health Service Blood and Transplant, Oxford Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headley Way, Headington, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Emanuele Di Angelantonio
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Strangeways Research Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Wort's Causeway, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
- The National Institute for Health and Care Research Blood and Transplant Unit in Donor Health and Genomics, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Strangeways Research Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Wort's Causeway, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
- Victor Phillip Dahdaleh Heart and Lung Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0BB, UK
- Health Data Science Research Centre, Fondazione Human Technopole, Viale Rita Levi Montalcini 1, Milan, 20157, Italy
| | - Vijay G Sankaran
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 1 Blackfan Circle, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, 450 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 415 Main St, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Mattia Frontini
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Long Road, Cambridge, CB2 0PT, UK
- National Health Service Blood and Transplant, Cambridge Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Long Road, Cambridge, CB2 0PT, UK
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, RILD Building, Barrack Road, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Stephen Burgess
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Strangeways Research Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Wort's Causeway, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
- Medical Research Council Biostatistics Unit, University of Cambridge, East Forvie Building, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Forvie Site, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0SR, UK
- Victor Phillip Dahdaleh Heart and Lung Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0BB, UK
| | - Taco Kuijpers
- Department of Pediatric Immunology, Rheumatology and Infectious Disease, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, CB2 0PT, UK
- Department of Blood Cell Research, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Sanquin, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - James E Peters
- Health Data Research UK Cambridge, Wellcome Genome Campus and University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, Commonwealth Building, The Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Adam S Butterworth
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Strangeways Research Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Wort's Causeway, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK.
- The National Institute for Health and Care Research Blood and Transplant Unit in Donor Health and Genomics, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Strangeways Research Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Wort's Causeway, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK.
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.
- Victor Phillip Dahdaleh Heart and Lung Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0BB, UK.
- Health Data Research UK Cambridge, Wellcome Genome Campus and University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Willem H Ouwehand
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Long Road, Cambridge, CB2 0PT, UK.
- National Health Service Blood and Transplant, Cambridge Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Long Road, Cambridge, CB2 0PT, UK.
- Department of Haematology, University College London Hospitals, WC1E 6AS, London, UK.
| | - Nicole Soranzo
- Department of Human Genetics, The Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1HH, UK.
- The National Institute for Health and Care Research Blood and Transplant Unit in Donor Health and Genomics, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Strangeways Research Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Wort's Causeway, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK.
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Long Road, Cambridge, CB2 0PT, UK.
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.
- Genomics Research Centre, Fondazione Human Technopole, Viale Rita Levi Montalcini 1, Milan, 20157, Italy.
| | - William J Astle
- Medical Research Council Biostatistics Unit, University of Cambridge, East Forvie Building, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Forvie Site, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0SR, UK.
- The National Institute for Health and Care Research Blood and Transplant Unit in Donor Health and Genomics, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Strangeways Research Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Wort's Causeway, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK.
- National Health Service Blood and Transplant, Cambridge Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Long Road, Cambridge, CB2 0PT, UK.
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10
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Takemoto Y, Tanimine N, Yoshinaka H, Tanaka Y, Takafuta T, Sugiyama A, Tanaka J, Ohdan H. Multi-phasic gene profiling using candidate gene approach predict the capacity of specific antibody production and maintenance following COVID-19 vaccination in Japanese population. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1217206. [PMID: 37564647 PMCID: PMC10411726 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1217206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Vaccination against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 is highly effective in preventing infection and reducing the severity of coronavirus disease (COVID-19). However, acquired humoral immunity wanes within six months. Focusing on the different tempo of acquisition and attenuation of specific antibody titers in individuals, we investigated the impact of genetic polymorphisms on antibody production after COVID-19 vaccination. Methods In total 236 healthcare workers from a Japanese municipal hospital, who received two doses of the vaccine were recruited. We employed a candidate gene approach to identify the target genetic polymorphisms affecting antibody production after vaccination. DNA samples from the study populations were genotyped for 33 polymorphisms in 15 distinct candidate genes encoding proteins involved in antigen-presenting cell activation, T cell activation, T-B interaction, and B cell survival. We measured total anti-SARS-Cov2 spike IgG antibody titers and analyzed the association with genetic polymorphisms at several time points after vaccination using an unbiased statistical method, and stepwise logistic regression following multivariate regression. Results Significant associations were observed between seven SNPs in NLRP3, OAS1, IL12B, CTLA4, and IL4, and antibody titers at 3 weeks after the first vaccination as an initial response. Six SNPs in NLRP3, TNF, OAS1, IL12B, and CTLA4 were associated with high responders with serum antibody titer > 4000 BAU/ml as boosting effect at 3 weeks after the second vaccination. Analysis of long-term maintenance showed the significance of the three SNPs in IL12B, IL7R, and MIF for the maintenance of antibody titers and that in BAFF for attenuation of neutralizing antibodies. Finally, we proposed a predictive model composed of gene profiles to identify the individuals with rapid antibody attenuation by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis (area under the curve (AUC)= 0.76, sensitivity = 82.5%, specificity=67.8%). Conclusions The candidate gene approach successfully showed shifting responsible gene profiles and initial and boosting effect mainly related to the priming phase into antibody maintenance including B cell survival, which traces the phase of immune reactions. These gene profiles provide valuable information for further investigation of humoral immunity against COVID-19 and for building a strategy for personalized vaccine schedules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Takemoto
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Naoki Tanimine
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hisaaki Yoshinaka
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yuka Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Toshiro Takafuta
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hiroshima City Funairi Citizens Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Aya Sugiyama
- Department of Epidemiology, Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Junko Tanaka
- Department of Epidemiology, Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hideki Ohdan
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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11
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Nagasawa CK, Garcia-Blanco MA. Early Splicing Complexes and Human Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11412. [PMID: 37511171 PMCID: PMC10379813 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last decade, our understanding of spliceosome structure and function has significantly improved, refining the study of the impact of dysregulated splicing on human disease. As a result, targeted splicing therapeutics have been developed, treating various diseases including spinal muscular atrophy and Duchenne muscular dystrophy. These advancements are very promising and emphasize the critical role of proper splicing in maintaining human health. Herein, we provide an overview of the current information on the composition and assembly of early splicing complexes-commitment complex and pre-spliceosome-and their association with human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe K. Nagasawa
- Human Pathophysiology and Translational Medicine Program, Institute for Translational Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-5302, USA;
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-5302, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903-2628, USA
| | - Mariano A. Garcia-Blanco
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-5302, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903-2628, USA
- Institute of Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-5302, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-5302, USA
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12
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Ortiz GG, Torres-Mendoza BMG, Ramírez-Jirano J, Marquez-Pedroza J, Hernández-Cruz JJ, Mireles-Ramirez MA, Torres-Sánchez ED. Genetic Basis of Inflammatory Demyelinating Diseases of the Central Nervous System: Multiple Sclerosis and Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1319. [PMID: 37510224 PMCID: PMC10379341 DOI: 10.3390/genes14071319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Demyelinating diseases alter myelin or the coating surrounding most nerve fibers in the central and peripheral nervous systems. The grouping of human central nervous system demyelinating disorders today includes multiple sclerosis (MS) and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) as distinct disease categories. Each disease is caused by a complex combination of genetic and environmental variables, many involving an autoimmune response. Even though these conditions are fundamentally similar, research into genetic factors, their unique clinical manifestations, and lesion pathology has helped with differential diagnosis and disease pathogenesis knowledge. This review aims to synthesize the genetic approaches that explain the differential susceptibility between these diseases, explore the overlapping clinical features, and pathological findings, discuss existing and emerging hypotheses on the etiology of demyelination, and assess recent pathogenicity studies and their implications for human demyelination. This review presents critical information from previous studies on the disease, which asks several questions to understand the gaps in research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genaro Gabriel Ortiz
- Department of Philosophical and Methodological Disciplines and Service of Molecular Biology in Medicine Hospital, Civil University Health Sciences Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
- Department of Neurology, High Specialty Medical Unit, Western National Medical Center of the Mexican Institute of Social Security, Guadalajara 44329, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Blanca M G Torres-Mendoza
- Department of Philosophical and Methodological Disciplines and Service of Molecular Biology in Medicine Hospital, Civil University Health Sciences Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
- Neurosciences Division, Western Biomedical Research Center, Mexican Social Security Institute (Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, IMSS), Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Javier Ramírez-Jirano
- Neurosciences Division, Western Biomedical Research Center, Mexican Social Security Institute (Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, IMSS), Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Jazmin Marquez-Pedroza
- Neurosciences Division, Western Biomedical Research Center, Mexican Social Security Institute (Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, IMSS), Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
- Coordination of Academic Activities, Western Biomedical Research Center, Mexican Social Security Institute (Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, IMSS), Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - José J Hernández-Cruz
- Department of Neurology, High Specialty Medical Unit, Western National Medical Center of the Mexican Institute of Social Security, Guadalajara 44329, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Mario A Mireles-Ramirez
- Department of Neurology, High Specialty Medical Unit, Western National Medical Center of the Mexican Institute of Social Security, Guadalajara 44329, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Erandis D Torres-Sánchez
- Department of Medical and Life Sciences, University Center of la Cienega, University of Guadalajara, Ocotlan 47820, Jalisco, Mexico
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13
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Hirano M, Galarza-Muñoz G, Nagasawa C, Schott G, Wang L, Antonia AL, Jain V, Yu X, Widen SG, Briggs FBS, Gregory SG, Ko DC, Fagg WS, Bradrick S, Garcia-Blanco MA. The RNA helicase DDX39B activates FOXP3 RNA splicing to control T regulatory cell fate. eLife 2023; 12:e76927. [PMID: 37261960 PMCID: PMC10234631 DOI: 10.7554/elife.76927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Genes associated with increased susceptibility to multiple sclerosis (MS) have been identified, but their functions are incompletely understood. One of these genes codes for the RNA helicase DExD/H-Box Polypeptide 39B (DDX39B), which shows genetic and functional epistasis with interleukin-7 receptor-α gene (IL7R) in MS-risk. Based on evolutionary and functional arguments, we postulated that DDX39B enhances immune tolerance thereby decreasing MS risk. Consistent with such a role we show that DDX39B controls the expression of many MS susceptibility genes and important immune-related genes. Among these we identified Forkhead Box P3 (FOXP3), which codes for the master transcriptional factor in CD4+/CD25+ T regulatory cells. DDX39B knockdown led to loss of immune-regulatory and gain of immune-effector expression signatures. Splicing of FOXP3 introns, which belong to a previously unrecognized type of introns with C-rich polypyrimidine tracts, was exquisitely sensitive to DDX39B levels. Given the importance of FOXP3 in autoimmunity, this work cements DDX39B as an important guardian of immune tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minato Hirano
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical BranchGalvestonUnited States
- National Research Center for the Control and Prevention of Infectious Disease, Nagasaki UniversityNagasakiJapan
| | - Gaddiel Galarza-Muñoz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical BranchGalvestonUnited States
- Autoimmunity Biological SolutionsGalvestonUnited States
| | - Chloe Nagasawa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical BranchGalvestonUnited States
- Human Pathophysiology and Translational Medicine Program, Institute for Translational Sciences, University of Texas Medical BranchGalvestonUnited States
| | - Geraldine Schott
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical BranchGalvestonUnited States
| | - Liuyang Wang
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke UniversityDurhamUnited States
| | - Alejandro L Antonia
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke UniversityDurhamUnited States
| | - Vaibhav Jain
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke UniversityDurhamUnited States
| | - Xiaoying Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical BranchGalvestonUnited States
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Population Health, University of Texas Medical BranchGalvestonUnited States
| | - Steven G Widen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical BranchGalvestonUnited States
| | - Farren BS Briggs
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve UniversityClevelandUnited States
| | - Simon G Gregory
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke UniversityDurhamUnited States
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke UniversityDurhamUnited States
- Department of Neurology, Duke University School of MedicineDurhamUnited States
| | - Dennis C Ko
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke UniversityDurhamUnited States
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Duke UniversityDurhamUnited States
| | - William S Fagg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical BranchGalvestonUnited States
- Transplant Division, Department of Surgery, University of Texas Medical BranchGalvestonUnited States
| | - Shelton Bradrick
- Institute of Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical BranchGalvestonUnited States
| | - Mariano A Garcia-Blanco
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical BranchGalvestonUnited States
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical BranchGalvestonUnited States
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of VirginiaCharlottesvilleUnited States
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14
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Ay A, Alkanli N, Atli E, Gurkan H, Gulyasar T, Guler S, Sipahi T, Sut N. Investigation of Relationship Between Small Noncoding RNA (sncRNA) Expression Levels and Serum Iron, Copper, and Zinc Levels in Clinical Diagnosed Multiple Sclerosis Patients. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:875-883. [PMID: 36383327 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-03135-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In our study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between microRNA (miRNA) expression levels and serum iron (Fe), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn) levels in Multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. Total RNA was isolated from peripheral venous blood containing ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) of MS patients and controls. Total RNA was labeled with Cy3-CTP fluorescent dye. Hybridization of samples was performed on microarray slides and arrays were scanned. Data argument and bioinformatics analysis were performed. Atomic absorption spectrophotometer method was used to measure serum Fe, Cu, and Zn levels. In our study, in bioinformatics analysis, although differently expressed miRNAs were not detected between 16 MS patients and 16 controls, hsa-miR-744-5p upregulation was detected between 4 MS patients and 4 controls. This may be stem from the patient group consisting of MS patients who have never had an attack for 1 year. Serum iron levels were detected significantly higher in the 16 MS patients compared to the 16 controls. This may be stem from the increase in iron accumulation based on inflammation in MS disease. According to the findings in our study, hsa-miR-744-5p upregulation has been determined as an early diagnostic biomarker for the development together of insulin resistance, diabetes mellitus associated with insulin signaling, and Alzheimer's diseases. Therefore, hsa-miR-744-5p is recommended as an important biomarker for the development together of diabetes mellitus, Alzheimer's disease, and MS disease. In addition, increased serum Fe levels may be suggested as an important biomarker for neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and MS disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arzu Ay
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University, Edirne, 22030, Turkey.
| | - Nevra Alkanli
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Haliç University, Istanbul, 34060, Turkey
| | - Engin Atli
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University, Edirne, 22030, Turkey
| | - Hakan Gurkan
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University, Edirne, 22030, Turkey
| | - Tevfik Gulyasar
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University, Edirne, 22030, Turkey
| | - Sibel Guler
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University, Edirne, 22030, Turkey
| | - Tammam Sipahi
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University, Edirne, 22030, Turkey
| | - Necdet Sut
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University, Edirne, 22030, Turkey
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15
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IL-7: Comprehensive review. Cytokine 2022; 160:156049. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2022.156049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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16
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Putscher E, Hecker M, Fitzner B, Boxberger N, Schwartz M, Koczan D, Lorenz P, Zettl UK. Genetic risk variants for multiple sclerosis are linked to differences in alternative pre-mRNA splicing. Front Immunol 2022; 13:931831. [PMID: 36405756 PMCID: PMC9670805 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.931831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic immune-mediated disease of the central nervous system to which a genetic predisposition contributes. Over 200 genetic regions have been associated with increased disease risk, but the disease-causing variants and their functional impact at the molecular level are mostly poorly defined. We hypothesized that single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have an impact on pre-mRNA splicing in MS. METHODS Our study focused on 10 bioinformatically prioritized SNP-gene pairs, in which the SNP has a high potential to alter alternative splicing events (ASEs). We tested for differential gene expression and differential alternative splicing in B cells from MS patients and healthy controls. We further examined the impact of the SNP genotypes on ASEs and on splice isoform expression levels. Novel genotype-dependent effects on splicing were verified with splicing reporter minigene assays. RESULTS We were able to confirm previously described findings regarding the relation of MS-associated SNPs with the ASEs of the pre-mRNAs from GSDMB and SP140. We also observed an increased IL7R exon 6 skipping when comparing relapsing and progressive MS patients to healthy subjects. Moreover, we found evidence that the MS risk alleles of the SNPs rs3851808 (EFCAB13), rs1131123 (HLA-C), rs10783847 (TSFM), and rs2014886 (TSFM) may contribute to a differential splicing pattern. Of particular interest is the genotype-dependent exon skipping of TSFM due to the SNP rs2014886. The minor allele T creates a donor splice site, resulting in the expression of the exon 3 and 4 of a short TSFM transcript isoform, whereas in the presence of the MS risk allele C, this donor site is absent, and thus the short transcript isoform is not expressed. CONCLUSION In summary, we found that genetic variants from MS risk loci affect pre-mRNA splicing. Our findings substantiate the role of ASEs with respect to the genetics of MS. Further studies on how disease-causing genetic variants may modify the interactions between splicing regulatory sequence elements and RNA-binding proteins can help to deepen our understanding of the genetic susceptibility to MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Putscher
- Rostock University Medical Center, Department of Neurology, Division of Neuroimmunology, Rostock, Germany
| | - Michael Hecker
- Rostock University Medical Center, Department of Neurology, Division of Neuroimmunology, Rostock, Germany
| | - Brit Fitzner
- Rostock University Medical Center, Department of Neurology, Division of Neuroimmunology, Rostock, Germany
| | - Nina Boxberger
- Rostock University Medical Center, Department of Neurology, Division of Neuroimmunology, Rostock, Germany
| | - Margit Schwartz
- Rostock University Medical Center, Department of Neurology, Division of Neuroimmunology, Rostock, Germany
| | - Dirk Koczan
- Rostock University Medical Center, Institute of Immunology, Rostock, Germany
| | - Peter Lorenz
- Rostock University Medical Center, Institute of Immunology, Rostock, Germany
| | - Uwe Klaus Zettl
- Rostock University Medical Center, Department of Neurology, Division of Neuroimmunology, Rostock, Germany
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17
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Han F, Gulam MY, Zheng Y, Zulhaimi NS, Sia WR, He D, Ho A, Hadadi L, Liu Z, Qin P, Lobie PE, Kamarulzaman A, Wang LF, Sandberg JK, Lewin SR, Rajasuriar R, Leeansyah E. IL7RA single nucleotide polymorphisms are associated with the size and function of the MAIT cell population in treated HIV-1 infection. Front Immunol 2022; 13:985385. [PMID: 36341446 PMCID: PMC9632172 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.985385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
MAIT cells are persistently depleted and functionally exhausted in HIV-1-infected patients despite long-term combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). IL-7 treatment supports MAIT cell reconstitution in vivo HIV-1-infected individuals and rescues their functionality in vitro. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the IL-7RA gene modulate the levels of soluble(s)IL-7Rα (sCD127) levels and influence bioavailability of circulating IL-7. Here we evaluate the potential influence of IL-7RA polymorphisms on MAIT cell numbers and function in healthy control (HC) subjects and HIV-1-infected individuals on long-term cART. Our findings indicate that IL-7RA haplotype 2 (H2*T), defined as T-allele carriers at the tagging SNP rs6897932, affects the size of the peripheral blood MAIT cell pool, as well as their production of cytokines and cytolytic effector proteins in response to bacterial stimulation. H2*T carriers had lower sIL-7Rα levels and higher MAIT cell frequency with enhanced functionality linked to higher expression of MAIT cell-associated transcription factors. Despite an average of 7 years on suppressive cART, MAIT cell levels and function in HIV-1-infected individuals were still significantly lower than those of HC. Notably, we observed a significant correlation between MAIT cell levels and cART duration only in HIV-1-infected individuals carrying IL-7RA haplotype 2. Interestingly, treatment with sIL-7Rα in vitro suppressed IL-7-dependent MAIT cell proliferation and function following cognate stimulations. These observations suggest that sIL-7Rα levels may influence MAIT cell numbers and function in vivo by limiting IL-7 bioavailability to MAIT cells. Collectively, these observations suggest that IL-7RA polymorphisms may play a significant role in MAIT cell biology and influence MAIT cells recovery in HIV-1 infection. The potential links between IL7RA polymorphisms, MAIT cell immunobiology, and HIV-1 infection warrant further studies going forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Han
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
- Precision Medicine and Healthcare Research Centre, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Muhammad Yaaseen Gulam
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yichao Zheng
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
- Precision Medicine and Healthcare Research Centre, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Nurul Syuhada Zulhaimi
- Centre of Excellence for Research in AIDS (CERiA), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Wan Rong Sia
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Dan He
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
- Precision Medicine and Healthcare Research Centre, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Amanda Ho
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
- Precision Medicine and Healthcare Research Centre, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Leila Hadadi
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zhenyu Liu
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
- Precision Medicine and Healthcare Research Centre, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Peiwu Qin
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
- Precision Medicine and Healthcare Research Centre, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Peter E. Lobie
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
- Precision Medicine and Healthcare Research Centre, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Adeeba Kamarulzaman
- Centre of Excellence for Research in AIDS (CERiA), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Lin-Fa Wang
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Johan K. Sandberg
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sharon R. Lewin
- Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Reena Rajasuriar
- Centre of Excellence for Research in AIDS (CERiA), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Edwin Leeansyah
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
- Precision Medicine and Healthcare Research Centre, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- *Correspondence: Edwin Leeansyah,
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18
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Choi JO, Ham JH, Hwang SS. RNA Metabolism in T Lymphocytes. Immune Netw 2022; 22:e39. [PMID: 36381959 PMCID: PMC9634142 DOI: 10.4110/in.2022.22.e39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA metabolism plays a central role in regulating of T cell-mediated immunity. RNA processing, modifications, and regulations of RNA decay influence the tight and rapid regulation of gene expression during T cell phase transition. Thymic selection, quiescence maintenance, activation, differentiation, and effector functions of T cells are dependent on selective RNA modulations. Recent technical improvements have unveiled the complex crosstalk between RNAs and T cells. Moreover, resting T cells contain large amounts of untranslated mRNAs, implying that the regulation of RNA metabolism might be a key step in controlling gene expression. Considering the immunological significance of T cells for disease treatment, an understanding of RNA metabolism in T cells could provide new directions in harnessing T cells for therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Ouk Choi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Severance Biomedical Science Institute and Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Jeong Hyeon Ham
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Severance Biomedical Science Institute and Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Soo Seok Hwang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Severance Biomedical Science Institute and Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea.,Chronic Intractable Disease Systems Medicine Research Center, Institute of Genetic Science, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
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19
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Splicing QTL analysis focusing on coding sequences reveals mechanisms for disease susceptibility loci. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4659. [PMID: 36002455 PMCID: PMC9402578 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32358-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Splicing quantitative trait loci (sQTLs) are one of the major causal mechanisms in genome-wide association study (GWAS) loci, but their role in disease pathogenesis is poorly understood. One reason is the complexity of alternative splicing events producing many unknown isoforms. Here, we propose two approaches, namely integration and selection, for this complexity by focusing on protein-structure of isoforms. First, we integrate isoforms with the same coding sequence (CDS) and identify 369-601 integrated-isoform ratio QTLs (i2-rQTLs), which altered protein-structure, in six immune subsets. Second, we select CDS incomplete isoforms annotated in GENCODE and identify 175-337 isoform-ratio QTL (i-rQTL). By comprehensive long-read capture RNA-sequencing among these incomplete isoforms, we reveal 29 full-length isoforms with unannotated CDSs associated with GWAS traits. Furthermore, we show that disease-causal sQTL genes can be identified by evaluating their trans-eQTL effects. Our approaches highlight the understudied role of protein-altering sQTLs and are broadly applicable to other tissues and diseases. Splicing QTL (sQTL), genetic variants regulating alternative splicing, can be biologically important, but complex to detect and interpret. Here, the authors identify sQTL by focusing on protein coding sequences, as an alternative to junction-based approaches.
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20
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Elsayed NS, Aston P, Bayanagari VR, Shukla SK. The gut microbiome molecular mimicry piece in the multiple sclerosis puzzle. Front Immunol 2022; 13:972160. [PMID: 36045671 PMCID: PMC9420973 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.972160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The etiological complexity of multiple sclerosis, an immune-mediated, neurodegenerative disease with multifactorial etiology is still elusive because of an incomplete understanding of the complex synergy between contributing factors such as genetic susceptibility and aberrant immune response. Recently, the disease phenotypes have also been shown to be associated with dysbiosis of the gut microbiome, a dynamic reservoir of billions of microbes, their proteins and metabolites capable of mimicring the autoantigens. Microbial factors could potentially trigger the neuroinflammation and symptoms of MS. In this perspective article, we discussed how microbial molecules resulting from a leaky gut might mimic a host’s autoantigen, potentially contributing to the disease disequilibrium. It further highlights the importance of targeting the gut microbiome for alternate therapeutic options for the treatment of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noha S. Elsayed
- Center for Precision Medicine Research, Marshfield Clinic Research Institute, Marshfield, WI, United States
| | - Paula Aston
- Department of Neurology, Marshfield Clinic Health System, Marshfield, WI, United States
| | - Vishnu R. Bayanagari
- Center for Precision Medicine Research, Marshfield Clinic Research Institute, Marshfield, WI, United States
| | - Sanjay K. Shukla
- Center for Precision Medicine Research, Marshfield Clinic Research Institute, Marshfield, WI, United States
- *Correspondence: Sanjay K. Shukla,
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21
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Galarza-Muñoz G, Kennedy-Boone D, Schott G, Bradrick SS, Garcia-Blanco MA. Antisense modulation of IL7R splicing to control sIL7R expression in human CD4 + T cells. RNA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 28:1058-1073. [PMID: 35613883 PMCID: PMC9297843 DOI: 10.1261/rna.079137.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The interleukin 7 receptor (IL7R) is strongly associated with increased risk to develop multiple sclerosis (MS), an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system, and this association is likely driven by up-regulation of the soluble isoform of IL7R (sIL7R). Expression of sIL7R is determined by exclusion of the alternative exon 6 from IL7R transcripts, and our previous work revealed that the MS risk allele of the SNP rs6897932 within this exon enhances the expression of sIL7R by promoting exclusion of exon 6. sIL7R potentiates the activity of IL7, leading to enhanced expansion of T cells and increased disability in the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) murine model of MS. This role in modulating T cell-driven immunity positions sIL7R as an attractive therapeutic target whose expression could be reduced for treatment of MS or increased for treatment of cancers. In this study, we identified novel antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) that effectively control the inclusion (anti-sIL7R ASOs) or exclusion (pro-sIL7R ASOs) of this exon in a dose-dependent fashion. These ASOs provided excellent control of exon 6 splicing and sIL7R secretion in human primary CD4+ T cells. Supporting their potential for therapeutic targeting, we showed that lead anti-sIL7R ASOs correct the enhanced exon 6 exclusion imposed by the MS risk allele of rs6897932, whereas lead pro-sIL7R ASOs phenocopy it. The data presented here form the foundation for future preclinical studies that will test the therapeutic potential of these ASOs in MS and immuno-oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaddiel Galarza-Muñoz
- Autoimmunity BioSolutions, Galveston, Texas 77550, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77550, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77550, USA
| | - Debbie Kennedy-Boone
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77550, USA
| | - Geraldine Schott
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77550, USA
| | - Shelton S Bradrick
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77550, USA
- Institute of Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77550, USA
| | - Mariano A Garcia-Blanco
- Autoimmunity BioSolutions, Galveston, Texas 77550, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77550, USA
- Institute of Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77550, USA
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22
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Meyer A, Parmar PJ, Shahrara S. Significance of IL-7 and IL-7R in RA and autoimmunity. Autoimmun Rev 2022; 21:103120. [PMID: 35595051 PMCID: PMC9987213 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2022.103120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
While physiological levels of IL-7 are essential for T cell proliferation, survival and co-stimulation, its escalated concentration has been associated with autoimmune diseases such as Rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Expression of IL-7 and IL-7R in RA monocytes is linked to disease activity score and TNF transcription. TNF stimulation can modulate IL-7 secretion and IL-7R frequency in myeloid cells, however, only IL-7R transcription levels are downregulated in anti-TNF responsive patients. Elevated levels of IL-7 in RA synovial tissue and fluid are involved in attracting RA monocytes into the inflammatory joints and remodeling them into proinflammatory macrophages and mature osteoclasts. Further, IL-7 amplification of RA Th1 cell differentiation and IFNγ secretion, can directly prime myeloid IL-7R expression and thereby exacerbate IL-7-mediated joint inflammatory and erosive imprints. In parallel, IL-7 accentuates joint angiogenesis by expanding the production of proangiogenic factors from RA macrophages and endothelial cells. In preclinical models, blockade of IL-7 or IL-7R can effectively impair joint inflammation, osteoclast formation, and neovascularization primarily by impeding monocyte and endothelial cell infiltration as well as inhibition of pro-inflammatory macrophage and Th1/Th17 cell differentiation. In conclusion, disruption of IL-7/IL-7R signaling can uniquely intercept the crosstalk between RA myeloid and lymphoid cells in their ability to trigger neovascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Meyer
- Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, the University of Illinois at Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Prashant J Parmar
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, the University of Illinois at Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Shiva Shahrara
- Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, the University of Illinois at Chicago, IL, USA.
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23
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Slim L, Chatelain C, Foucauld HD, Azencott CA. A systematic analysis of gene-gene interaction in multiple sclerosis. BMC Med Genomics 2022; 15:100. [PMID: 35501860 PMCID: PMC9063218 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-022-01247-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background For the most part, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have only partially explained the heritability of complex diseases. One of their limitations is to assume independent contributions of individual variants to the phenotype. Many tools have therefore been developed to investigate the interactions between distant loci, or epistasis. Among them, the recently proposed EpiGWAS models the interactions between a target variant and the rest of the genome. However, applying this approach to studying interactions along all genes of a disease map is not straightforward. Here, we propose a pipeline to that effect, which we illustrate by investigating a multiple sclerosis GWAS dataset from the Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium 2 through 19 disease maps from the MetaCore pathway database. Results For each disease map, we build an epistatic network by connecting the genes that are deemed to interact. These networks tend to be connected, complementary to the disease maps and contain hubs. In addition, we report 4 epistatic gene pairs involving missense variants, and 25 gene pairs with a deleterious epistatic effect mediated by eQTLs. Among these, we highlight the interaction of GLI-1 and SUFU, and of IP10 and NF-\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\kappa$$\end{document}κB, as they both match known biological interactions. The latter pair is particularly promising for therapeutic development, as both genes have known inhibitors. Conclusions Our study showcases the ability of EpiGWAS to uncover biologically interpretable epistatic interactions that are potentially actionable for the development of combination therapy.
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12920-022-01247-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lotfi Slim
- CBIO, MINES ParisTech, PSL Research University, 75006, Paris, France. .,Translational Sciences, SANOFI R&D, 91385, Chilly-Mazarin, France. .,NVIDIA Corporation, Santa Clara, 95051, USA.
| | | | | | - Chloé-Agathe Azencott
- CBIO, MINES ParisTech, PSL Research University, 75006, Paris, France.,Institut Curie, PSL Research University, 75005, Paris, France.,U900, Inserm, 75005, Paris, France
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24
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Biernacki T, Kokas Z, Sandi D, Füvesi J, Fricska-Nagy Z, Faragó P, Kincses TZ, Klivényi P, Bencsik K, Vécsei L. Emerging Biomarkers of Multiple Sclerosis in the Blood and the CSF: A Focus on Neurofilaments and Therapeutic Considerations. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063383. [PMID: 35328802 PMCID: PMC8951485 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is the most common immune-mediated chronic neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system (CNS) affecting young people. This is due to the permanent disability, cognitive impairment, and the enormous detrimental impact MS can exert on a patient's health-related quality of life. It is of great importance to recognise it in time and commence adequate treatment at an early stage. The currently used disease-modifying therapies (DMT) aim to reduce disease activity and thus halt disability development, which in current clinical practice are monitored by clinical and imaging parameters but not by biomarkers found in blood and/or the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Both clinical and radiological measures routinely used to monitor disease activity lack information on the fundamental pathophysiological features and mechanisms of MS. Furthermore, they lag behind the disease process itself. By the time a clinical relapse becomes evident or a new lesion appears on the MRI scan, potentially irreversible damage has already occurred in the CNS. In recent years, several biomarkers that previously have been linked to other neurological and immunological diseases have received increased attention in MS. Additionally, other novel, potential biomarkers with prognostic and diagnostic properties have been detected in the CSF and blood of MS patients. AREAS COVERED In this review, we summarise the most up-to-date knowledge and research conducted on the already known and most promising new biomarker candidates found in the CSF and blood of MS patients. DISCUSSION the current diagnostic criteria of MS relies on three pillars: MRI imaging, clinical events, and the presence of oligoclonal bands in the CSF (which was reinstated into the diagnostic criteria by the most recent revision). Even though the most recent McDonald criteria made the diagnosis of MS faster than the prior iteration, it is still not an infallible diagnostic toolset, especially at the very early stage of the clinically isolated syndrome. Together with the gold standard MRI and clinical measures, ancillary blood and CSF biomarkers may not just improve diagnostic accuracy and speed but very well may become agents to monitor therapeutic efficacy and make even more personalised treatment in MS a reality in the near future. The major disadvantage of these biomarkers in the past has been the need to obtain CSF to measure them. However, the recent advances in extremely sensitive immunoassays made their measurement possible from peripheral blood even when present only in minuscule concentrations. This should mark the beginning of a new biomarker research and utilisation era in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamás Biernacki
- Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Centre, Department of Neurology, Faculty of General Medicine, University of Szeged, 6725 Szeged, Hungary; (T.B.); (Z.K.); (D.S.); (J.F.); (Z.F.-N.); (P.F.); (T.Z.K.); (P.K.); (K.B.)
| | - Zsófia Kokas
- Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Centre, Department of Neurology, Faculty of General Medicine, University of Szeged, 6725 Szeged, Hungary; (T.B.); (Z.K.); (D.S.); (J.F.); (Z.F.-N.); (P.F.); (T.Z.K.); (P.K.); (K.B.)
| | - Dániel Sandi
- Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Centre, Department of Neurology, Faculty of General Medicine, University of Szeged, 6725 Szeged, Hungary; (T.B.); (Z.K.); (D.S.); (J.F.); (Z.F.-N.); (P.F.); (T.Z.K.); (P.K.); (K.B.)
| | - Judit Füvesi
- Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Centre, Department of Neurology, Faculty of General Medicine, University of Szeged, 6725 Szeged, Hungary; (T.B.); (Z.K.); (D.S.); (J.F.); (Z.F.-N.); (P.F.); (T.Z.K.); (P.K.); (K.B.)
| | - Zsanett Fricska-Nagy
- Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Centre, Department of Neurology, Faculty of General Medicine, University of Szeged, 6725 Szeged, Hungary; (T.B.); (Z.K.); (D.S.); (J.F.); (Z.F.-N.); (P.F.); (T.Z.K.); (P.K.); (K.B.)
| | - Péter Faragó
- Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Centre, Department of Neurology, Faculty of General Medicine, University of Szeged, 6725 Szeged, Hungary; (T.B.); (Z.K.); (D.S.); (J.F.); (Z.F.-N.); (P.F.); (T.Z.K.); (P.K.); (K.B.)
| | - Tamás Zsigmond Kincses
- Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Centre, Department of Neurology, Faculty of General Medicine, University of Szeged, 6725 Szeged, Hungary; (T.B.); (Z.K.); (D.S.); (J.F.); (Z.F.-N.); (P.F.); (T.Z.K.); (P.K.); (K.B.)
- Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Centre, Department of Radiology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, 6725 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Péter Klivényi
- Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Centre, Department of Neurology, Faculty of General Medicine, University of Szeged, 6725 Szeged, Hungary; (T.B.); (Z.K.); (D.S.); (J.F.); (Z.F.-N.); (P.F.); (T.Z.K.); (P.K.); (K.B.)
| | - Krisztina Bencsik
- Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Centre, Department of Neurology, Faculty of General Medicine, University of Szeged, 6725 Szeged, Hungary; (T.B.); (Z.K.); (D.S.); (J.F.); (Z.F.-N.); (P.F.); (T.Z.K.); (P.K.); (K.B.)
| | - László Vécsei
- Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Centre, Department of Neurology, Faculty of General Medicine, University of Szeged, 6725 Szeged, Hungary; (T.B.); (Z.K.); (D.S.); (J.F.); (Z.F.-N.); (P.F.); (T.Z.K.); (P.K.); (K.B.)
- MTA-SZTE Neuroscience Research Group, University of Szeged, 6725 Szeged, Hungary
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +36-62-545-356; Fax: +36-62-545-597
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25
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Kakouri AC, Votsi C, Oulas A, Nicolaou P, Aureli M, Lunghi G, Samarani M, Compagnoni GM, Salani S, Di Fonzo A, Christophides T, Tanteles GA, Zamba-Papanicolaou E, Pantzaris M, Spyrou GM, Christodoulou K. Transcriptomic characterization of tissues from patients and subsequent pathway analyses reveal biological pathways that are implicated in spastic ataxia. Cell Biosci 2022; 12:29. [PMID: 35277195 PMCID: PMC8917697 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-022-00754-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spastic ataxias (SAs) encompass a group of rare and severe neurodegenerative diseases, characterized by an overlap between ataxia and spastic paraplegia clinical features. They have been associated with pathogenic variants in a number of genes, including GBA2. This gene codes for the non-lysososomal β-glucosylceramidase, which is involved in sphingolipid metabolism through its catalytic role in the degradation of glucosylceramide. However, the mechanism by which GBA2 variants lead to the development of SA is still unclear. METHODS In this work, we perform next-generation RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq), in an attempt to discover differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in lymphoblastoid, fibroblast cell lines and induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neurons derived from patients with SA, homozygous for the GBA2 c.1780G > C missense variant. We further exploit DEGs in pathway analyses in order to elucidate candidate molecular mechanisms that are implicated in the development of the GBA2 gene-associated SA. RESULTS Our data reveal a total of 5217 genes with significantly altered expression between patient and control tested tissues. Furthermore, the most significant extracted pathways are presented and discussed for their possible role in the pathogenesis of the disease. Among them are the oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, sphingolipid signaling and metabolism, PI3K-Akt and MAPK signaling pathways. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our work examines for the first time the transcriptome profiles of GBA2-associated SA patients and suggests pathways and pathway synergies that could possibly have a role in SA pathogenesis. Lastly, it provides a list of DEGs and pathways that could be further validated towards the discovery of disease biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea C. Kakouri
- Department of Neurogenetics, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, 2370 Nicosia, Cyprus
- Department of Bioinformatics, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, 2370 Nicosia, Cyprus
- The Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, 2370 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Christina Votsi
- Department of Neurogenetics, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, 2370 Nicosia, Cyprus
- The Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, 2370 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Anastasis Oulas
- Department of Bioinformatics, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, 2370 Nicosia, Cyprus
- The Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, 2370 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Paschalis Nicolaou
- Department of Neurogenetics, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, 2370 Nicosia, Cyprus
- The Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, 2370 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Massimo Aureli
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, 20090 Milano, Italy
| | - Giulia Lunghi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, 20090 Milano, Italy
| | - Maura Samarani
- Unité de Trafic Membranaire ét PathogénèseDépartement de Biologie Cellulaire et Infection, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Giacomo M. Compagnoni
- Neurology Unit, Foundation IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Monza, Milan Italy
| | - Sabrina Salani
- Neurology Unit, Foundation IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Alessio Di Fonzo
- Neurology Unit, Foundation IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | | | - George A. Tanteles
- The Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, 2370 Nicosia, Cyprus
- Department of Clinical Genetics and Genomics, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, 2370 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Eleni Zamba-Papanicolaou
- The Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, 2370 Nicosia, Cyprus
- Neurology Clinic D, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, 2370 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Marios Pantzaris
- The Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, 2370 Nicosia, Cyprus
- Neurology Clinic C, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, 2370 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - George M. Spyrou
- Department of Bioinformatics, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, 2370 Nicosia, Cyprus
- The Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, 2370 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Kyproula Christodoulou
- Department of Neurogenetics, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, 2370 Nicosia, Cyprus
- The Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, 2370 Nicosia, Cyprus
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Yu X, Lv J, Wu J, Chen Y, Chen F, Wang L. The autoimmune encephalitis-related cytokine TSLP in the brain primes neuroinflammation by activating the JAK2-NLRP3 axis. Clin Exp Immunol 2022; 207:113-122. [PMID: 35020848 PMCID: PMC8802176 DOI: 10.1093/cei/uxab023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
NLRP3 inflammasome hyperactivation contributes to neuroinflammation in autoimmune disorders, but the underlying regulatory mechanism remains to be elucidated. We demonstrate that compared with wild-type (WT) mice, mice lacking thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) receptor (TSLPR) (Tslpr−/− mice) exhibit a significantly decreased experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) score, reduced CD4+ T cell infiltration, and restored myelin basic protein (MBP) expression in the brain after EAE induction by myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein35–55 (MOG35–55). TSLPR signals through Janus kinase (JAK)2, but not JAK1 or JAK3, to induce NLRP3 expression, and Tslpr−/− mice with EAE show decreased JAK2 phosphorylation and NLRP3 expression in the brain. JAK2 inhibition by ruxolitinib mimicked loss of TSLPR function in vivo and further decreased TSLP expression in the EAE mouse brain. The NLRP3 inhibitor MCC950 decreased CD4+ T cell infiltration, restored MBP expression, and decreased IL-1β and TSLP levels, verifying the pro-inflammatory role of NLRP3. In vitro experiments using BV-2 murine microglia revealed that TSLP directly induced NLRP3 expression, phosphorylation of JAK2 but not JAK1orJAK3, and IL-1β release, which were markedly inhibited by ruxolitinib. Furthermore, EAE induction led to an increase in the Th17 cell number, a decrease in the regulatory T (Treg) cell number in the blood, and an increase in the expression of the cytokine IL-17A in the WT mouse brain, which was drastically reversed in Tslpr−/− mice. In addition, ruxolitinib suppressed the increase in IL-17A expression in the EAE mouse brain. These findings identify TSLP as a prospective target for treating JAK2-NLRP3 axis-associated autoimmune inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyuan Yu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jiajia Lv
- Department of Pediatrics, Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yong Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Fei Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
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27
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Lee MH, Shin JI, Yang JW, Lee KH, Cha DH, Hong JB, Park Y, Choi E, Tizaoui K, Koyanagi A, Jacob L, Park S, Kim JH, Smith L. Genome Editing Using CRISPR-Cas9 and Autoimmune Diseases: A Comprehensive Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:1337. [PMID: 35163260 PMCID: PMC8835887 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases are disorders that destruct or disrupt the body's own tissues by its own immune system. Several studies have revealed that polymorphisms of multiple genes are involved in autoimmune diseases. Meanwhile, gene therapy has become a promising approach in autoimmune diseases, and clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats and CRISPR-associated protein 9 (CRISPR-Cas9) has become one of the most prominent methods. It has been shown that CRISPR-Cas9 can be applied to knock out proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) or block PCSK9, resulting in lowering low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. In other studies, it can be used to treat rare diseases such as ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC) deficiency and hereditary tyrosinemia. However, few studies on the treatment of autoimmune disease using CRISPR-Cas9 have been reported so far. In this review, we highlight the current and potential use of CRISPR-Cas9 in the management of autoimmune diseases. We summarize the potential target genes for immunomodulation using CRISPR-Cas9 in autoimmune diseases including rheumatoid arthritis (RA), inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), multiple sclerosis (MS), type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM), psoriasis, and type 1 coeliac disease. This article will give a new perspective on understanding the use of CRISPR-Cas9 in autoimmune diseases not only through animal models but also in human models. Emerging approaches to investigate the potential target genes for CRISPR-Cas9 treatment may be promising for the tailored immunomodulation of some autoimmune diseases in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Ho Lee
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea; (M.H.L.); (D.H.C.); (J.B.H.); (Y.P.); (E.C.); (S.P.)
| | - Jae Il Shin
- Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea; (J.I.S.); (K.H.L.)
| | - Jae Won Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju 26426, Korea;
| | - Keum Hwa Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea; (J.I.S.); (K.H.L.)
| | - Do Hyeon Cha
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea; (M.H.L.); (D.H.C.); (J.B.H.); (Y.P.); (E.C.); (S.P.)
- Korea Advanced Institute for Science and Technology, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Jun Beom Hong
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea; (M.H.L.); (D.H.C.); (J.B.H.); (Y.P.); (E.C.); (S.P.)
| | - Yeoeun Park
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea; (M.H.L.); (D.H.C.); (J.B.H.); (Y.P.); (E.C.); (S.P.)
| | - Eugene Choi
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea; (M.H.L.); (D.H.C.); (J.B.H.); (Y.P.); (E.C.); (S.P.)
| | - Kalthoum Tizaoui
- Laboratory Microorganismes and Active Biomolecules, Sciences Faculty of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1068, Tunisia;
| | - Ai Koyanagi
- Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Deu/CIBERSAM, Universitat de Barcelona, Fundacio Sant Joan de Deu, Sant Boi de Llobregat, 08830 Barcelona, Spain; (A.K.); (L.J.)
- ICREA, Pg. LluisCompanys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Louis Jacob
- Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Deu/CIBERSAM, Universitat de Barcelona, Fundacio Sant Joan de Deu, Sant Boi de Llobregat, 08830 Barcelona, Spain; (A.K.); (L.J.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, 78180 Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France
| | - Seoyeon Park
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea; (M.H.L.); (D.H.C.); (J.B.H.); (Y.P.); (E.C.); (S.P.)
| | - Ji Hong Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 06273, Korea
| | - Lee Smith
- Centre for Health, Performance, and Wellbeing, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge CB1 1PT, UK;
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28
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Genetics and functional genomics of multiple sclerosis. Semin Immunopathol 2022; 44:63-79. [PMID: 35022889 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-021-00907-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory neurodegenerative disease with genetic predisposition. Over the last decade, genome-wide association studies with increasing sample size led to the discovery of robustly associated genetic variants at an exponential rate. More than 200 genetic loci have been associated with MS susceptibility and almost half of its heritability can be accounted for. However, many challenges and unknowns remain. Definitive studies of disease progression and endophenotypes are yet to be performed, whereas the majority of the identified MS variants are not yet functionally characterized. Despite these shortcomings, the unraveling of MS genetics has opened up a new chapter on our understanding MS causal mechanisms.
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29
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Fang H, Knight JC. Priority index: database of genetic targets in immune-mediated disease. Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 50:D1358-D1367. [PMID: 34751399 PMCID: PMC8728240 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe a comprehensive and unique database 'Priority index' (Pi; http://pi.well.ox.ac.uk) of prioritized genes encoding potential therapeutic targets that encompasses all major immune-mediated diseases. We provide targets at the gene level, each receiving a 5-star rating supported by: genomic evidence arising from disease genome-wide associations and functional immunogenomics, annotation evidence using ontologies restricted to genes with genomic evidence, and network evidence from protein interactions. Target genes often act together in related molecular pathways. The underlying Pi approach is unique in identifying a network of highly rated genes that mediate pathway crosstalk. In the Pi website, disease-centric pages are specially designed to enable the users to browse a complete list of prioritized genes and also a manageable list of nodal genes at the pathway crosstalk level; both switchable by clicks. Moreover, target genes are cross-referenced and supported using additional information, particularly regarding tractability, including druggable pockets viewed in 3D within protein structures. Target genes highly rated across diseases suggest drug repurposing opportunity, while genes in a particular disease reveal disease-specific targeting potential. To facilitate the ease of such utility, cross-disease comparisons involving multiple diseases are also supported. This facility, together with the faceted search, enhances integrative mining of the Pi resource to accelerate early-stage therapeutic target identification and validation leveraging human genetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Fang
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Centre for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Julian C Knight
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
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30
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Interleukin-7 and soluble Interleukin-7 receptor levels in type 1 diabetes – Impact of IL7RA polymorphisms, HLA risk genotypes and clinical features. Clin Immunol 2022; 235:108928. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2022.108928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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31
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Zhao Z, Xue J, Zhuo Z, Zhong W, Liu H. The Association of IL7R rs6897932 with Risk of Multiple Sclerosis in Southern Chinese. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2022; 18:1855-1859. [PMID: 36052273 PMCID: PMC9426677 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s376066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between IL7R rs6897932 and multiple sclerosis (MS) in southern Chinese people. METHODS In total, 147 MS patients and 530 healthy controls were recruited according to the revised McDonald criteria. The TaqMan method was used for genotyping. RESULTS With genetic models, we can observe that the additive model, the dominant model, and the recessive model of IL7R rs6897932 were significantly associated with MS [additive model: p=0.032; dominant model (adjusted): p<0.001, OR=3.61 (95% CI 2.25-5.83); recessive model (adjusted): p<0.001, OR=6.80 (95% CI 3.49-13.89)]. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that IL7R rs6897932 is associated with MS in a southern Chinese population. More and larger MS studies to explore the genetic risk factors of MS are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongbo Zhao
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, The Affiliated Changshu Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Suchow, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianzhong Xue
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, The Affiliated Changshu Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Suchow, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziliang Zhuo
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, The Affiliated Changshu Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Suchow, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhong
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, The Affiliated Changshu Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Suchow, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, The Affiliated Changshu Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Suchow, People's Republic of China
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32
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The Role of Interleukins in the Pathogenesis of Dermatological Immune-Mediated Diseases. Adv Ther 2022; 39:4474-4508. [PMID: 35997892 PMCID: PMC9395905 DOI: 10.1007/s12325-022-02241-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Autoimmune inflammatory diseases are primarily characterized by deregulated expression of cytokines, which drive pathogenesis of these diseases. A number of approved and experimental therapies utilize monoclonal antibodies against cytokine proteins. Cytokines can be classified into different families including the interleukins, which are secreted and act on leukocytes, the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) family, as well as chemokine proteins. In this review article, we focus on the interleukin family of cytokines, of which 39 members have been identified to this date. We outline the role of each of these interleukins in the immune system, and various dermatological inflammatory diseases with a focused discussion on the pathogenesis of psoriasis and atopic dermatitis. In addition, we describe the roles of various interleukins in psychiatric, cardiovascular, and gastrointestinal comorbidities. Finally, we review clinical efficacy and safety data from emerging late-phase anti-interleukin therapies under development for psoriasis and atopic dermatitis. Collectively, additional fundamental and clinical research remains necessary to fully elucidate the roles of various interleukin proteins in the pathogenesis of inflammatory dermatologic diseases, and treatment outcomes in patients.
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33
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Pietzner M, Wheeler E, Carrasco-Zanini J, Kerrison ND, Oerton E, Koprulu M, Luan J, Hingorani AD, Williams SA, Wareham NJ, Langenberg C. Synergistic insights into human health from aptamer- and antibody-based proteomic profiling. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6822. [PMID: 34819519 PMCID: PMC8613205 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27164-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Affinity-based proteomics has enabled scalable quantification of thousands of protein targets in blood enhancing biomarker discovery, understanding of disease mechanisms, and genetic evaluation of drug targets in humans through protein quantitative trait loci (pQTLs). Here, we integrate two partly complementary techniques-the aptamer-based SomaScan® v4 assay and the antibody-based Olink assays-to systematically assess phenotypic consequences of hundreds of pQTLs discovered for 871 protein targets across both platforms. We create a genetically anchored cross-platform proteome-phenome network comprising 547 protein-phenotype connections, 36.3% of which were only seen with one of the two platforms suggesting that both techniques capture distinct aspects of protein biology. We further highlight discordance of genetically predicted effect directions between assays, such as for PILRA and Alzheimer's disease. Our results showcase the synergistic nature of these technologies to better understand and identify disease mechanisms and provide a benchmark for future cross-platform discoveries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maik Pietzner
- grid.5335.00000000121885934MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK ,grid.6363.00000 0001 2218 4662Computational Medicine, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) at Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Eleanor Wheeler
- grid.5335.00000000121885934MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Julia Carrasco-Zanini
- grid.5335.00000000121885934MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nicola D. Kerrison
- grid.5335.00000000121885934MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Erin Oerton
- grid.5335.00000000121885934MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mine Koprulu
- grid.5335.00000000121885934MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jian’an Luan
- grid.5335.00000000121885934MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Aroon D. Hingorani
- grid.83440.3b0000000121901201Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT UK ,grid.83440.3b0000000121901201UCL BHF Research Accelerator Centre, London, UK ,grid.507332.0Health Data Research UK, London, UK
| | | | - Nicholas J. Wareham
- grid.5335.00000000121885934MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK ,grid.507332.0Health Data Research UK, London, UK
| | - Claudia Langenberg
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. .,Computational Medicine, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany. .,Health Data Research UK, London, UK.
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34
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He Y, Huang L, Tang Y, Yang Z, Han Z. Genome-wide Identification and Analysis of Splicing QTLs in Multiple Sclerosis by RNA-Seq Data. Front Genet 2021; 12:769804. [PMID: 34868258 PMCID: PMC8633104 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.769804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease characterized by inflammatory demyelinating lesions in the central nervous system. Recently, the dysregulation of alternative splicing (AS) in the brain has been found to significantly influence the progression of MS. Moreover, previous studies demonstrate that many MS-related variants in the genome act as the important regulation factors of AS events and contribute to the pathogenesis of MS. However, by far, no genome-wide research about the effect of genomic variants on AS events in MS has been reported. Here, we first implemented a strategy to obtain genomic variant genotype and AS isoform average percentage spliced-in values from RNA-seq data of 142 individuals (51 MS patients and 91 controls). Then, combing the two sets of data, we performed a cis-splicing quantitative trait loci (sQTLs) analysis to identify the cis-acting loci and the affected differential AS events in MS and further explored the characteristics of these cis-sQTLs. Finally, the weighted gene coexpression network and gene set enrichment analyses were used to investigate gene interaction pattern and functions of the affected AS events in MS. In total, we identified 5835 variants affecting 672 differential AS events. The cis-sQTLs tend to be distributed in proximity of the gene transcription initiation site, and the intronic variants of them are more capable of regulating AS events. The retained intron AS events are more susceptible to influence of genome variants, and their functions are involved in protein kinase and phosphorylation modification. In summary, these findings provide an insight into the mechanism of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Zhijie Han
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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35
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Wu W, Syed F, Simpson E, Lee CC, Liu J, Chang G, Dong C, Seitz C, Eizirik DL, Mirmira RG, Liu Y, Evans-Molina C. The Impact of Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines on Alternative Splicing Patterns in Human Islets. Diabetes 2021; 71:db200847. [PMID: 34697029 PMCID: PMC8763875 DOI: 10.2337/db20-0847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Alternative splicing (AS) within the β cell has been proposed as one potential pathway that may exacerbate autoimmunity and unveil novel immunogenic epitopes in type 1 diabetes (T1D). We employed a computational strategy to prioritize pathogenic splicing events in human islets treated with IL-1β + IFN-γ as an ex vivo model of T1D and coupled this analysis with a k-mer based approach to predict RNA binding proteins involved in AS. In total, 969 AS events were identified in cytokine-treated islets, with the majority (44.8%) involving a skipped exon. ExonImpact identified 129 events predicted to impact protein structure. AS occurred with high frequency in MHC Class II-related mRNAs, and targeted qPCR validated reduced inclusion of Exon5 in the MHC Class II gene HLA-DMB. Single molecule RNA FISH confirmed increased HLA-DMB splicing in pancreatic sections from human donors with established T1D and autoantibody positivity. Serine and Arginine Rich Splicing Factor 2 was implicated in 37.2% of potentially pathogenic events, including Exon5 exclusion in HLA-DMB. Together, these data suggest that dynamic control of AS plays a role in the β cell response to inflammatory signals during T1D evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Wu
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Farooq Syed
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Edward Simpson
- Department of BioHealth Informatics, Indiana University School of Informatics and Computing, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Chih-Chun Lee
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Physics, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Garrick Chang
- Department of Physics, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Chuanpeng Dong
- Department of BioHealth Informatics, Indiana University School of Informatics and Computing, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Clayton Seitz
- Department of Physics, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Decio L Eizirik
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Medical Faculty, Universitê Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
- Indiana Biosciences Research Institute (IBRI), Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Raghavendra G Mirmira
- Kovler Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yunlong Liu
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Carmella Evans-Molina
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indiana University School of Informatics and Computing, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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Hehenkamp P, Hoffmann M, Kummer S, Reinauer C, Döing C, Förtsch K, Enczmann J, Balz V, Mayatepek E, Meissner T, Jacobsen M, Seyfarth J. Interleukin-7-dependent nonclassical monocytes and CD40 expression are affected in children with type 1 diabetes. Eur J Immunol 2021; 51:3214-3227. [PMID: 34625948 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202149229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The important role of IL-7 in the generation of self-reactive T-cells in autoimmune diseases is well established. Recent studies on autoimmunity-associated genetic polymorphisms indicated that differential IL-7 receptor (IL-7R) expression of monocytes may play a role in the underlying pathogenesis. The relevance of IL-7-mediated monocyte functions in type 1 diabetes remains elusive. In the present study, we characterized monocyte phenotype and IL-7-mediated effects in children with type 1 diabetes and healthy controls with multicolor flow cytometry and t-distributed Stochastic Neighbor-Embedded (t-SNE)-analyses. IL-7R expression of monocytes rapidly increased in vitro and was boosted through LPS. In the presence of IL-7, we detected lower monocyte IL-7R expression in type 1 diabetes patients as compared to healthy controls. This difference was most evident for the subset of nonclassical monocytes, which increased after IL-7 stimulation. t-SNE analyses revealed IL-7-dependent differences in monocyte subset distribution and expression of activation and maturation markers (i.e., HLA-DR, CD80, CD86, CD40). Notably, monocyte CD40 expression increased considerably by IL-7 and CD40/IL-7R co-expression differed between patients and controls. This study shows the unique effects of IL-7 on monocyte phenotype and functions. Lower IL-7R expression on IL-7-induced CD40high monocytes and impaired IL-7 response characterize monocytes from patients with type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Hehenkamp
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine University Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Maximilian Hoffmann
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine University Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Sebastian Kummer
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine University Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Christina Reinauer
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine University Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Carsten Döing
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine University Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Katharina Förtsch
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine University Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Jürgen Enczmann
- Institute for Transplantation Diagnostics and Cell Therapeutics, Medical Faculty, University Hospital, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Vera Balz
- Institute for Transplantation Diagnostics and Cell Therapeutics, Medical Faculty, University Hospital, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Ertan Mayatepek
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine University Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Thomas Meissner
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine University Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Marc Jacobsen
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine University Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Julia Seyfarth
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine University Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
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Expression and clinical significance of IL7R, NFATc2, and RNF213 in familial and sporadic multiple sclerosis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19260. [PMID: 34584155 PMCID: PMC8478940 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98691-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory and autoimmune disorder of the central nervous system characterized by myelin loss and axonal dysfunction. Increased production of inflammatory factors such as cytokines has been implicated in axon destruction. In the present study, we compared the expression level of IL7R, NFATc2, and RNF213 genes in the peripheral blood of 72 MS patients (37 familial MS, 35 sporadic MS) and 74 healthy controls (34 individuals with a family history of the disease, 40 healthy controls without a family history) via Real-time PCR. Our results showed that the expression level of IL7R was decreased in the sporadic patients in comparison with other groups. Additionally, there was an increased NFATc2 expression level in MS patients versus healthy controls. Increased expression of NFATc2 in sporadic and familial groups compared to the controls, and familial group versus FDR was also seen. Our results also represented an increased expression level of RNF213 in familial patients as compared to the control group. The similar RNF213 expression between sporadic and control group, as well as FDR and familial group was also seen. Diagnostic evaluation was performed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and area under the curve (AUC) calculation. The correlation of clinical parameters including onset age and Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) with our gene expression levels were also assessed. Overall, decreased expression level of IL7R in the sporadic cases and increased expression level of NFATc2 may be associated with the pathogenesis of MS disease. Confirmation of the effects of differential expression of RNF213 gene requires further studies in the wider statistical populations.
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Ren P, Lu L, Cai S, Chen J, Lin W, Han F. Alternative Splicing: A New Cause and Potential Therapeutic Target in Autoimmune Disease. Front Immunol 2021; 12:713540. [PMID: 34484216 PMCID: PMC8416054 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.713540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alternative splicing (AS) is a complex coordinated transcriptional regulatory mechanism. It affects nearly 95% of all protein-coding genes and occurs in nearly all human organs. Aberrant alternative splicing can lead to various neurological diseases and cancers and is responsible for aging, infection, inflammation, immune and metabolic disorders, and so on. Though aberrant alternative splicing events and their regulatory mechanisms are widely recognized, the association between autoimmune disease and alternative splicing has not been extensively examined. Autoimmune diseases are characterized by the loss of tolerance of the immune system towards self-antigens and organ-specific or systemic inflammation and subsequent tissue damage. In the present review, we summarized the most recent reports on splicing events that occur in the immunopathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and attempted to clarify the role that splicing events play in regulating autoimmune disease progression. We also identified the changes that occur in splicing factor expression. The foregoing information might improve our understanding of autoimmune diseases and help develop new diagnostic and therapeutic tools for them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingping Ren
- Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Nephropathy, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Nephropathy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Luying Lu
- Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Nephropathy, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Nephropathy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shasha Cai
- Department of Nephrology, The First People's Hospital of Wenling, Taizhou, China
| | - Jianghua Chen
- Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Nephropathy, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Nephropathy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weiqiang Lin
- Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Nephropathy, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Nephropathy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fei Han
- Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Nephropathy, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Nephropathy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Pozdeyev N, Fishbein L, Gay LM, Sokol ES, Hartmaier R, Ross JS, Darabi S, Demeure MJ, Kar A, Foust L, Koc K, Bowles DW, Leong S, Wierman ME, Kiseljak-Vassiliades K. Targeted genomic analysis of 364 adrenocortical carcinomas. Endocr Relat Cancer 2021; 28:671-681. [PMID: 34410225 PMCID: PMC8384129 DOI: 10.1530/erc-21-0040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Despite recent advances in elucidating molecular pathways underlying adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC), this orphan malignancy is associated with poor survival. Identification of targetable genomic alterations is critical to improve outcomes. The objective of this study was to characterize the genomic profile of a large cohort of patient ACC samples to identify actionable genomic alterations. Three hundred sixty-four individual patient ACC tumors were analyzed. The median age of the cohort was 52 years and 60.9% (n = 222) were female. ACC samples had common alterations in epigenetic pathways with 38% of tumors carrying alterations in genes involved in histone modification, 21% in telomere lengthening, and 21% in SWI/SNF complex. Tumor suppressor genes and WNT signaling pathway were each mutated in 51% of tumors. Fifty (13.7%) ACC tumors had a genomic alteration in genes involved in the DNA mismatch repair (MMR) pathway with many tumors also displaying an unusually high number of mutations and a corresponding MMR mutation signature. In addition, genomic alterations in several genes not previously associated with ACC were observed, including IL7R, LRP1B, FRS2 mutated in 6, 8 and 4% of tumors, respectively. In total, 58.5% of ACC (n = 213) had at least one potentially actionable genomic alteration in 46 different genes. As more than half of ACC have one or more potentially actionable genomic alterations, this highlights the value of targeted sequencing for this orphan cancer with a poor prognosis. In addition, significant incidence of MMR gene alterations suggests that immunotherapy is a promising therapeutic for a considerable subset of ACC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Pozdeyev
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado School of Medicine at Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus Aurora, Colorado
- Division of Biomedical Informatics & Personalized Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine at Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus Aurora, Colorado
| | - Lauren Fishbein
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado School of Medicine at Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus Aurora, Colorado
- Division of Biomedical Informatics & Personalized Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine at Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus Aurora, Colorado
| | | | | | | | - Jeffrey S. Ross
- Foundation Medicine Inc. Cambridge Massachusetts
- Departments of Pathology and Urology, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York
| | - Sourat Darabi
- Hoag Family Center Institute, Newport Beach, California
| | - Michael J. Demeure
- Hoag Family Center Institute, Newport Beach, California
- Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Adwitiya Kar
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado School of Medicine at Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus Aurora, Colorado
| | - Lindsey Foust
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado School of Medicine at Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus Aurora, Colorado
| | - Katrina Koc
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado School of Medicine at Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus Aurora, Colorado
| | - Daniel W. Bowles
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine at Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus Aurora, Colorado
| | - Stephen Leong
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine at Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus Aurora, Colorado
| | - Margaret E. Wierman
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado School of Medicine at Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus Aurora, Colorado
- Research Service Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Aurora Colorado 80045
| | - Katja Kiseljak-Vassiliades
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado School of Medicine at Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus Aurora, Colorado
- Research Service Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Aurora Colorado 80045
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40
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Thalassemia and autoimmune diseases: Absence of evidence or evidence of absence? Blood Rev 2021; 52:100874. [PMID: 34404565 DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2021.100874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The thalassemias are a group of inherited disorders of hemoglobin synthesis that continue to pause a global public health concern. The complex molecular and pathogenetic pathways involved in disease process lead to an array of comorbidities that require lifelong management. The disease and its treatment can also lead to alterations in immune function and a link to various autoimmune diseases has been frequently suggested. However, most data stem from single case reports and small studies that do not allow proper assessment of causal associations. Still, the high morbidity in thalassemia makes patients vulnerable to the added burden of coexisting autoimmune diseases, and special management considerations in this patient population are warranted. In this review, we explore insights and data from the literature on various autoimmune disease that have been observed in patients with thalassemia. The role of the thalassemia carrier state in modifying outcomes of patients with autoimmune diseases is also discussed.
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41
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Maglione A, Zuccalà M, Tosi M, Clerico M, Rolla S. Host Genetics and Gut Microbiome: Perspectives for Multiple Sclerosis. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:1181. [PMID: 34440354 PMCID: PMC8394267 DOI: 10.3390/genes12081181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
As a complex disease, Multiple Sclerosis (MS)'s etiology is determined by both genetic and environmental factors. In the last decade, the gut microbiome has emerged as an important environmental factor, but its interaction with host genetics is still unknown. In this review, we focus on these dual aspects of MS pathogenesis: we describe the current knowledge on genetic factors related to MS, based on genome-wide association studies, and then illustrate the interactions between the immune system, gut microbiome and central nervous system in MS, summarizing the evidence available from Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis mouse models and studies in patients. Finally, as the understanding of influence of host genetics on the gut microbiome composition in MS is in its infancy, we explore this issue based on the evidence currently available from other autoimmune diseases that share with MS the interplay of genetic with environmental factors (Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Rheumatoid Arthritis and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus), and discuss avenues for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Maglione
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, 10100 Torino, Italy; (A.M.); (M.C.)
| | - Miriam Zuccalà
- Department of Health Sciences, Center on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases (CAAD), Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (M.Z.); (M.T.)
| | - Martina Tosi
- Department of Health Sciences, Center on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases (CAAD), Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (M.Z.); (M.T.)
| | - Marinella Clerico
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, 10100 Torino, Italy; (A.M.); (M.C.)
| | - Simona Rolla
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, 10100 Torino, Italy; (A.M.); (M.C.)
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42
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Treelet transform analysis to identify clusters of systemic inflammatory variance in a population with moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury. Brain Behav Immun 2021; 95:45-60. [PMID: 33524553 PMCID: PMC9004489 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2021.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory cascades following traumatic brain injury (TBI) can have both beneficial and detrimental effects on recovery. Single biomarker studies do not adequately reflect the major arms of immunity and their relationships to long-term outcomes. Thus, we applied treelet transform (TT) analysis to identify clusters of interrelated inflammatory markers reflecting major components of systemic immune function for which substantial variation exists among individuals with moderate-to-severe TBI. METHODS Serial blood samples from 221 adults with moderate-to-severe TBI were collected over 1-6 months post-injury (n = 607 samples). Samples were assayed for 33 inflammatory markers using Millipore multiplex technology. TT was applied to standardized mean biomarker values generated to identify latent patterns of correlated markers. Treelet clusters (TC) were characterized by biomarkers related to adaptive immunity (TC1), innate immunity (TC2), soluble molecules (TC3), allergy immunity (TC4), and chemokines (TC5). For each TC, a score was generated as the linear combination of standardized biomarker concentrations and cluster load for each individual in the cohort. Ordinal logistic or linear regression was used to test associations between TC scores and 6- and 12-month Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS), Disability Rating Scale (DRS), and covariates. RESULTS When adjusting for clinical covariates, TC5 was significantly associated with 6-month GOS (odds ratio, OR = 1.44; p-value, p = 0.025) and 6-month DRS scores (OR = 1.46; p = 0.013). TC5 relationships were attenuated when including all TC scores in the model (GOS: OR = 1.29, p = 0.163; DRS: OR = 1.33, p = 0.100). When adjusting for all TC scores and covariates, only TC3 was associated with 6- and 12-month GOS (OR = 1.32, p = 0.041; OR = 1.39, p = 0.002) and also 6- and 12-month DRS (OR = 1.38, p = 0.016; OR = 1.58, p = 0.0002). When applying TT to inflammation markers significantly associated with 6-month GOS, multivariate modeling confirmed that TC3 remained significantly associated with GOS. Biomarker cluster membership remained consistent between the GOS-specific dendrogram and overall dendrogram. CONCLUSIONS TT effectively characterized chronic, systemic immunity among a cohort of individuals with moderate-to-severe TBI. We posit that chronic chemokine levels are effector molecules propagating cellular immune dysfunction, while chronic soluble receptors are inflammatory damage readouts perpetuated, in part, by persistent dysfunctional cellular immunity to impact neuro-recovery.
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Vandooren J, Pereira RVS, Ugarte-Berzal E, Rybakin V, Noppen S, Stas MR, Bernaerts E, Ganseman E, Metzemaekers M, Schols D, Proost P, Opdenakker G. Internal Disulfide Bonding and Glycosylation of Interleukin-7 Protect Against Proteolytic Inactivation by Neutrophil Metalloproteinases and Serine Proteases. Front Immunol 2021; 12:701739. [PMID: 34276694 PMCID: PMC8278288 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.701739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin 7 (IL-7) is a cell growth factor with a central role in normal T cell development, survival and differentiation. The lack of IL-7–IL-7 receptor(R)-mediated signaling compromises lymphoid development, whereas increased signaling activity contributes to the development of chronic inflammation, cancer and autoimmunity. Gain-of-function alterations of the IL-7R and the signaling through Janus kinases (JAKs) and signal transducers and activators of transcription (STATs) are enriched in T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) and autocrine production of IL-7 by T-ALL cells is involved in the phenotypes of leukemic initiation and oncogenic spreading. Several IL-7-associated pathologies are also characterized by increased presence of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), due to neutrophil degranulation and its regulated production by other cell types. Since proteases secreted by neutrophils are known to modulate the activity of many cytokines, we investigated the interactions between IL-7, MMP-9 and several other neutrophil-derived proteases. We demonstrated that MMP-9 efficiently cleaved human IL-7 in the exposed loop between the α-helices C and D and that this process is delayed by IL-7 N-linked glycosylation. Functionally, the proteolytic cleavage of IL-7 did not influence IL-7Rα binding and internalization nor the direct pro-proliferative effects of IL-7 on a T-ALL cell line (HPB-ALL) or in primary CD8+ human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. A comparable effect was observed for the neutrophil serine proteases neutrophil elastase, proteinase 3 and combinations of neutrophil proteases. Hence, glycosylation and disulfide bonding as two posttranslational modifications influence IL-7 bioavailability in the human species: glycosylation protects against proteolysis, whereas internal cysteine bridging under physiological redox state keeps the IL-7 conformations as active proteoforms. Finally, we showed that mouse IL-7 does not contain the protease-sensitive loop and, consequently, was not cleaved by MMP-9. With the latter finding we discovered differences in IL-7 biology between the human and mouse species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Vandooren
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Rega Institute for Medical Research/KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rafaela Vaz Sousa Pereira
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Rega Institute for Medical Research/KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Estefania Ugarte-Berzal
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Rega Institute for Medical Research/KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Vasily Rybakin
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Rega Institute for Medical Research/KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sam Noppen
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Rega Institute for Medical Research/KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Melissa R Stas
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Rega Institute for Medical Research/KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Eline Bernaerts
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Rega Institute for Medical Research/KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Eva Ganseman
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research/KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mieke Metzemaekers
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research/KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dominique Schols
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Rega Institute for Medical Research/KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Paul Proost
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research/KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ghislain Opdenakker
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Rega Institute for Medical Research/KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Leuven, Belgium
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Barros PO, Berthoud TK, Aloufi N, Angel JB. Soluble IL-7Rα/sCD127 in Health, Disease, and Its Potential Role as a Therapeutic Agent. Immunotargets Ther 2021; 10:47-62. [PMID: 33728276 PMCID: PMC7954429 DOI: 10.2147/itt.s264149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Soluble cytokine receptors can influence immune responses by modulating the biological functions of their respective ligands. These effects can be either agonistic or antagonistic and a number of soluble cytokine receptors have been shown to play critical roles in both maintenance of health and disease pathogenesis. Soluble IL-7Ra (sCD127) is one such example. With its impact on the IL-7/CD127 pathway, which is fundamental for the development and homeostasis of T cells, the role of sCD127 in health and disease has been extensively studied in recent years. Within this review, the role of sCD127 in maintaining host immune function is presented. Next, by addressing genetic factors affecting sCD127 expression and the associated levels of sCD127 production, the roles of sCD127 in autoimmune disease, infections and cancer are described. Finally, advances in the field of soluble cytokine therapy and the potential for sCD127 as a biomarker and therapeutic agent are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila O Barros
- Chronic Disease Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tamara K Berthoud
- Chronic Disease Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nawaf Aloufi
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jonathan B Angel
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa and the Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Wordsworth BP, Cohen CJ, Davidson C, Vecellio M. Perspectives on the Genetic Associations of Ankylosing Spondylitis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:603726. [PMID: 33746951 PMCID: PMC7977288 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.603726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a common form of inflammatory spinal arthritis with a complex polygenic aetiology. Genome-wide association studies have identified more than 100 loci, including some involved in antigen presentation (HLA-B27, ERAP1, and ERAP2), some in Th17 responses (IL6R, IL23R, TYK2, and STAT3), and others in macrophages and T-cells (IL7R, CSF2, RUNX3, and GPR65). Such observations have already helped identify potential new therapies targeting IL-17 and GM-CSF. Most AS genetic associations are not in protein-coding sequences but lie in intergenic regions where their direct relationship to particular genes is difficult to assess. They most likely reflect functional polymorphisms concerned with cell type-specific regulation of gene expression. Clarifying the nature of these associations should help to understand the pathogenic pathways involved in AS better and suggest potential cellular and molecular targets for drug therapy. However, even identifying the precise mechanisms behind the extremely strong HLA-B27 association with AS has so far proved elusive. Polygenic risk scores (using all the known genetic associations with AS) can be effective for the diagnosis of AS, particularly where there is a relatively high pre-test probability of AS. Genetic prediction of disease outcomes and response to biologics is not currently practicable.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Paul Wordsworth
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford Institute of Musculoskeletal Sciences, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Carla J Cohen
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Connor Davidson
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Matteo Vecellio
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford Institute of Musculoskeletal Sciences, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Tsamis KI, Sakkas H, Giannakis A, Ryu HS, Gartzonika C, Nikas IP. Evaluating Infectious, Neoplastic, Immunological, and Degenerative Diseases of the Central Nervous System with Cerebrospinal Fluid-Based Next-Generation Sequencing. Mol Diagn Ther 2021; 25:207-229. [PMID: 33646562 PMCID: PMC7917176 DOI: 10.1007/s40291-021-00513-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a clear and paucicellular fluid that circulates within the ventricular system and the subarachnoid space of the central nervous system (CNS), and diverse CNS disorders can impact its composition, volume, and flow. As conventional CSF testing suffers from suboptimal sensitivity, this review aimed to evaluate the role of next-generation sequencing (NGS) in the work-up of infectious, neoplastic, neuroimmunological, and neurodegenerative CNS diseases. Metagenomic NGS showed improved sensitivity—compared to traditional methods—to detect bacterial, viral, parasitic, and fungal infections, while the overall performance was maximized in some studies when all diagnostic modalities were used. In patients with primary CNS cancer, NGS findings in the CSF were largely concordant with the molecular signatures derived from tissue-based molecular analysis; of interest, additional mutations were identified in the CSF in some glioma studies, reflecting intratumoral heterogeneity. In patients with metastasis to the CNS, NGS facilitated diagnosis, prognosis, therapeutic management, and monitoring, exhibiting higher sensitivity than neuroimaging, cytology, and plasma-based molecular analysis. Although evidence is still rudimentary, NGS could enhance the diagnosis and pathogenetic understanding of multiple sclerosis in addition to Alzheimer and Parkinson disease. To conclude, NGS has shown potential to aid the research, facilitate the diagnostic approach, and improve the management outcomes of all the aforementioned CNS diseases. However, to establish its role in clinical practice, the clinical validity and utility of each NGS protocol should be determined. Lastly, as most evidence has been derived from small and retrospective studies, results from randomized control trials could be of significant value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos I Tsamis
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Ioannina, 45500, Ioannina, Greece. .,School of Medicine, European University Cyprus, 2404, Nicosia, Cyprus.
| | - Hercules Sakkas
- Microbiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Alexandros Giannakis
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Ioannina, 45500, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Han Suk Ryu
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Constantina Gartzonika
- Microbiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Ilias P Nikas
- School of Medicine, European University Cyprus, 2404, Nicosia, Cyprus
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Vinoy N, Sheeja N, Kumar S, Biswas L. Class II HLA (DRB1, & DQB1) alleles and IL7R (rs6897932) variants and the risk for Multiple Sclerosis in Kerala, India. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2021; 50:102848. [PMID: 33657520 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2021.102848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Different human leukocyte antigen (HLA) variants are known to modulate the risk of multiple sclerosis. The main objective of this study was to identify HLA-DRB1 and HLA-DQB1 alleles and Non -HLA gene IL7R (rs6897932) variants associated with MS. METHODS Patients attending the MS clinic, diagnosed with Multiple Sclerosis as per Mc Donald diagnostic criteria were the subjects in the study. The association of the highly polymorphic HLA-DRB1 and HLA-DQB1 loci was determined by high resolution tissue typing and the genotyping of the IL7R (rs6897932) variants was performed by Sanger sequencing in MS patients (n = 81) and healthy individuals (n = 82). RESULTS HLA-DRB1*15:01/15:02 alleles (OR = 3.65; p< 0.0001) and HLA-DQB1*06:02 (OR=4.19, p<0.0001) were found to be positively associated while HLA-DRB1*14:04:01 (OR = 0.21; p = 0.0009) was found to be negatively associated with MS. The most significant predisposing HLA haplotype was found to be DRB1*15:01-DQB1*06:02 (OR=5.69, p<0.0001). Univariate analysis of IL7R SNP (rs6897932) showed no significant association with MS in our population whereas analysis of HLA-DRB1 alleles and IL7R (rs6897932) genotypes showed significant association between the HLA-DRB1*15:01/15:02 and the IL7R (rs6897932) CC genotype (OR = 3.58, p = 0.0002). CONCLUSION HLA-DRB1*15:01, 15:02 and DQB1*06:02 are the predisposing alleles while HLA-DRB1*14:04 is the protective allele for MS in our population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navia Vinoy
- Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Ponekkara, Kochi, Kerala 682041, India
| | - Neethu Sheeja
- Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Ponekkara, Kochi, Kerala 682041, India
| | - Suresh Kumar
- Department of Neurology, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala 682041, India.
| | - Lalitha Biswas
- Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Ponekkara, Kochi, Kerala 682041, India.
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48
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Angarola BL, Anczuków O. Splicing alterations in healthy aging and disease. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. RNA 2021. [PMID: 33565261 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1643.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Alternative RNA splicing is a key step in gene expression that allows generation of numerous messenger RNA transcripts encoding proteins of varied functions from the same gene. It is thus a rich source of proteomic and functional diversity. Alterations in alternative RNA splicing are observed both during healthy aging and in a number of human diseases, several of which display premature aging phenotypes or increased incidence with age. Age-associated splicing alterations include differential splicing of genes associated with hallmarks of aging, as well as changes in the levels of core spliceosomal genes and regulatory splicing factors. Here, we review the current known links between alternative RNA splicing, its regulators, healthy biological aging, and diseases associated with aging or aging-like phenotypes. This article is categorized under: RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease RNA Processing > Splicing Regulation/Alternative Splicing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Olga Anczuków
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA.,Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut, USA.,Institute for Systems Genomics, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
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Schott G, Galarza-Muñoz G, Trevino N, Chen X, Weirauch M, Gregory SG, Bradrick SS, Garcia-Blanco MA. U2AF2 binds IL7R exon 6 ectopically and represses its inclusion. RNA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2021; 27:rna.078279.120. [PMID: 33568552 PMCID: PMC8051268 DOI: 10.1261/rna.078279.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin 7 receptor α-chain is crucial for the development and maintenance of T cells and is genetically associated with autoimmune disorders including multiple sclerosis (MS), a demyelinating disease of the CNS. Exon 6 of IL7R encodes for the transmembrane domain of the receptor and is regulated by alternative splicing: inclusion or skipping of IL7R exon 6 results in membrane-bound or soluble IL7R isoforms, respectively. We previously identified a SNP (rs6897932) in IL7R exon 6, strongly associated with MS risk and showed that the risk allele (C) increases skipping of the exon, resulting in elevated levels of sIL7R. This has important pathological consequences as elevated levels of sIL7R has been shown to exacerbate the disease in the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis mouse model of MS. Understanding the regulation of exon 6 splicing provides important mechanistic insights into the pathogenesis of MS. Here we report two mechanisms by which IL7R exon 6 is controlled. First, a competition between PTBP1 and U2AF2 at the polypyrimidine tract (PPT) of intron 5, and second, an unexpected U2AF2-mediated assembly of spicing factors in the exon. We noted the presence of a branchpoint sequence (BPS) (TACTAAT or TACTAAC) within exon 6, which is stronger with the C allele. We also noted that the BPS is followed by a PPT and conjectured that silencing could be mediated by the binding of U2AF2 to that tract. In support of this model, we show that evolutionary conservation of the exonic PPT correlates well with the degree of alternative splicing of exon 6 in two non-human primate species and that U2AF2 binding to this PPT recruits U2 snRNP components to the exon. These observations provide the first explanation for the stronger silencing of IL7R exon 6 with the disease associated C allele at rs6897932.
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50
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Angarola BL, Anczuków O. Splicing alterations in healthy aging and disease. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-RNA 2021; 12:e1643. [PMID: 33565261 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Alternative RNA splicing is a key step in gene expression that allows generation of numerous messenger RNA transcripts encoding proteins of varied functions from the same gene. It is thus a rich source of proteomic and functional diversity. Alterations in alternative RNA splicing are observed both during healthy aging and in a number of human diseases, several of which display premature aging phenotypes or increased incidence with age. Age-associated splicing alterations include differential splicing of genes associated with hallmarks of aging, as well as changes in the levels of core spliceosomal genes and regulatory splicing factors. Here, we review the current known links between alternative RNA splicing, its regulators, healthy biological aging, and diseases associated with aging or aging-like phenotypes. This article is categorized under: RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease RNA Processing > Splicing Regulation/Alternative Splicing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Olga Anczuków
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA.,Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut, USA.,Institute for Systems Genomics, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
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