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Farhangnia P, Khorramdelazad H, Nickho H, Delbandi AA. Current and future immunotherapeutic approaches in pancreatic cancer treatment. J Hematol Oncol 2024; 17:40. [PMID: 38835055 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-024-01561-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a major cause of cancer-related death, but despondently, the outlook and prognosis for this resistant type of tumor have remained grim for a long time. Currently, it is extremely challenging to prevent or detect it early enough for effective treatment because patients rarely exhibit symptoms and there are no reliable indicators for detection. Most patients have advanced or spreading cancer that is difficult to treat, and treatments like chemotherapy and radiotherapy can only slightly prolong their life by a few months. Immunotherapy has revolutionized the treatment of pancreatic cancer, yet its effectiveness is limited by the tumor's immunosuppressive and hard-to-reach microenvironment. First, this article explains the immunosuppressive microenvironment of pancreatic cancer and highlights a wide range of immunotherapy options, including therapies involving oncolytic viruses, modified T cells (T-cell receptor [TCR]-engineered and chimeric antigen receptor [CAR] T-cell therapy), CAR natural killer cell therapy, cytokine-induced killer cells, immune checkpoint inhibitors, immunomodulators, cancer vaccines, and strategies targeting myeloid cells in the context of contemporary knowledge and future trends. Lastly, it discusses the main challenges ahead of pancreatic cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooya Farhangnia
- Reproductive Sciences and Technology Research Center, Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Immunology Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Immunology Board for Transplantation and Cell-Based Therapeutics (ImmunoTACT), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Khorramdelazad
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Hamid Nickho
- Immunology Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali-Akbar Delbandi
- Reproductive Sciences and Technology Research Center, Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Immunology Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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2
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Humayun A, Lin LYT, Li HH, Fornace AJ. FAILLA MEMORIAL LECTURE How We Got Here: One Laboratory's Odyssey in the Field of Radiation-Inducible Genes. Radiat Res 2024; 201:617-627. [PMID: 38573158 DOI: 10.1667/rade-23-00205.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
This review focuses on early discoveries that contributed to our understanding and the scope of transcriptional responses after radiation damage. Before the development of modern approaches to assess overall global transcriptomic responses, the idea that mammalian cells could respond to DNA-damaging agents in a manner analogous to bacteria was not generally accepted. To investigate this possibility, the development of technology to identify differentially expressed low-abundance transcripts substantially facilitated our appreciation that DNA damaging agents like UV radiation and subsequently ionizing radiation did in fact produce robust transcriptional responses. Here we focus on our identification and characterization of radiation-inducible genes, and how even early studies on stress gene signaling highlighted the broad scope of transcriptional responses to radiation damage. Since then, the central role of transcriptional responses to radiation injury in maintaining genome integrity has been highlighted in many processes, including cell cycle checkpoint control, resistance to cancer by p53 and other key factors, cell senescence, and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arslon Humayun
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington, DC
| | | | - Heng-Hong Li
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington, DC
| | - Albert J Fornace
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington, DC
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC
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3
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Phan T, Zhang XH, Rosen S, Melstrom LG. P38 kinase in gastrointestinal cancers. Cancer Gene Ther 2023; 30:1181-1189. [PMID: 37248432 PMCID: PMC10501902 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-023-00622-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal cancers are a leading cause of cancer morbidity and mortality worldwide with 4.2 million new cases and 3.2 million deaths estimated in 2020. Despite the advances in primary and adjuvant therapies, patients still develop distant metastases and require novel therapies. Mitogen‑activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades are crucial signaling pathways that regulate many cellular processes, including proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, stress responses and cancer development. p38 Mitogen Activated Protein Kinases (p38 MAPKs) includes four isoforms: p38α (MAPK14), p38β (MAPK11), p38γ (MAPK12), and p38δ (MAPK13). p38 MAPK was first identified as a stress response protein kinase that phosphorylates different transcriptional factors. Dysregulation of p38 pathways, in particular p38γ, are associated with cancer development, metastasis, autophagy and tumor microenvironment. In this article, we provide an overview of p38 and p38γ with respect to gastrointestinal cancers. Furthermore, targeting p38γ is also discussed as a potential therapy for gastrointestinal cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thuy Phan
- Department of Surgery, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Xu Hannah Zhang
- Department of Hematology, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Steven Rosen
- Department of Hematology, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Laleh G Melstrom
- Department of Surgery, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA.
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4
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Broustas CG, Mukherjee S, Shuryak I, Taraboletti A, Angdisen J, Ake P, Fornace AJ, Amundson SA. Impact of GADD45A on Radiation Biodosimetry Using Mouse Peripheral Blood. Radiat Res 2023; 200:296-306. [PMID: 37421415 PMCID: PMC10559452 DOI: 10.1667/rade-23-00052.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
High-dose-radiation exposure in a short period of time leads to radiation syndromes characterized by severe acute and delayed organ-specific injury accompanied by elevated organismal morbidity and mortality. Radiation biodosimetry based on gene expression analysis of peripheral blood is a valuable tool to detect exposure to radiation after a radiological/nuclear incident and obtain useful biological information that could predict tissue and organismal injury. However, confounding factors, including chronic inflammation, can potentially obscure the predictive power of the method. GADD45A (Growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible gene a) plays important roles in cell growth control, differentiation, DNA repair, and apoptosis. GADD45A-deficient mice develop an autoimmune disease, similar to human systemic lupus erythematosus, characterized by severe hematological disorders, kidney disease, and premature death. The goal of this study was to elucidate how pre-existing inflammation in mice, induced by GADD45A ablation, can affect radiation biodosimetry. We exposed wild-type and GADD45A knockout male C57BL/6J mice to 7 Gy of X rays and 24 h later RNA was isolated from whole blood and subjected to whole genome microarray and gene ontology analyses. Dose reconstruction analysis using a gene signature trained on gene expression data from irradiated wild-type male mice showed accurate reconstruction of either a 0 Gy or 7 Gy dose with root mean square error of ± 1.05 Gy (R^2 = 1.00) in GADD45A knockout mice. Gene ontology analysis revealed that irradiation of both wild-type and GADD45A-null mice led to a significant overrepresentation of pathways associated with morbidity and mortality, as well as organismal cell death. However, based on their z-score, these pathways were predicted to be more significantly overrepresented in GADD45A-null mice, implying that GADD45A deletion may exacerbate the deleterious effects of radiation on blood cells. Numerous immune cell functions and quantities were predicted to be underrepresented in both genotypes; however, differentially expressed genes from irradiated GADD45A knockout mice predicted an increased deterioration in the numbers of T lymphocytes, as well as myeloid cells, compared with wild-type mice. Furthermore, an overrepresentation of genes associated with radiation-induced hematological malignancies was associated with GADD45A knockout mice, whereas hematopoietic and progenitor cell functions were predicted to be downregulated in irradiated GADD45A knockout mice. In conclusion, despite the significant differences in gene expression between wild-type and GADD45A knockout mice, it is still feasible to identify a panel of genes that could accurately distinguish between irradiated and control mice, irrespective of pre-existing inflammation status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constantinos G. Broustas
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Sanjay Mukherjee
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Igor Shuryak
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Alexandra Taraboletti
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Jerry Angdisen
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Pelagie Ake
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Albert J. Fornace
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Sally A. Amundson
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
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5
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González L, Díaz L, Pous J, Baginski B, Duran-Corbera A, Scarpa M, Brun-Heath I, Igea A, Martin-Malpartida P, Ruiz L, Pallara C, Esguerra M, Colizzi F, Mayor-Ruiz C, Biondi RM, Soliva R, Macias MJ, Orozco M, Nebreda AR. Characterization of p38α autophosphorylation inhibitors that target the non-canonical activation pathway. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3318. [PMID: 37308482 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39051-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
p38α is a versatile protein kinase that can control numerous processes and plays important roles in the cellular responses to stress. Dysregulation of p38α signaling has been linked to several diseases including inflammation, immune disorders and cancer, suggesting that targeting p38α could be therapeutically beneficial. Over the last two decades, numerous p38α inhibitors have been developed, which showed promising effects in pre-clinical studies but results from clinical trials have been disappointing, fueling the interest in the generation of alternative mechanisms of p38α modulation. Here, we report the in silico identification of compounds that we refer to as non-canonical p38α inhibitors (NC-p38i). By combining biochemical and structural analyses, we show that NC-p38i efficiently inhibit p38α autophosphorylation but weakly affect the activity of the canonical pathway. Our results demonstrate how the structural plasticity of p38α can be leveraged to develop therapeutic opportunities targeting a subset of the functions regulated by this pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena González
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lucía Díaz
- Nostrum Biodiscovery, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Pous
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Blazej Baginski
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Duran-Corbera
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Margherita Scarpa
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isabelle Brun-Heath
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Igea
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pau Martin-Malpartida
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lidia Ruiz
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Francesco Colizzi
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Marine Biology and Oceanography, Institute of Marine Sciences ICM-CSIC, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Mayor-Ruiz
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ricardo M Biondi
- Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires (IBioBA)-CONICET-Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Maria J Macias
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
- ICREA, Pg. Lluís Companys 23, 08010, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Modesto Orozco
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Angel R Nebreda
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
- ICREA, Pg. Lluís Companys 23, 08010, Barcelona, Spain.
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6
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Faget DV, Luo X, Inkman MJ, Ren Q, Su X, Ding K, Waters MR, Raut GK, Pandey G, Dodhiawala PB, Ramalho-Oliveira R, Ye J, Cole T, Murali B, Zheleznyak A, Shokeen M, Weiss KR, Monahan JB, DeSelm CJ, Lee AV, Oesterreich S, Weilbaecher KN, Zhang J, DeNardo DG, Stewart SA. p38MAPKα Stromal Reprogramming Sensitizes Metastatic Breast Cancer to Immunotherapy. Cancer Discov 2023; 13:1454-1477. [PMID: 36883955 PMCID: PMC10238649 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-22-0907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
Metastatic breast cancer is an intractable disease that responds poorly to immunotherapy. We show that p38MAPKα inhibition (p38i) limits tumor growth by reprogramming the metastatic tumor microenvironment in a CD4+ T cell-, IFNγ-, and macrophage-dependent manner. To identify targets that further increased p38i efficacy, we utilized a stromal labeling approach and single-cell RNA sequencing. Thus, we combined p38i and an OX40 agonist that synergistically reduced metastatic growth and increased overall survival. Intriguingly, patients with a p38i metastatic stromal signature had better overall survival that was further improved by the presence of an increased mutational load, leading us to ask if our approach would be effective in antigenic breast cancer. The combination of p38i, anti-OX40, and cytotoxic T-cell engagement cured mice of metastatic disease and produced long-term immunologic memory. Our findings demonstrate that a detailed understanding of the stromal compartment can be used to design effective antimetastatic therapies. SIGNIFICANCE Immunotherapy is rarely effective in breast cancer. We dissected the metastatic tumor stroma, which revealed a novel therapeutic approach that targets the stromal p38MAPK pathway and creates an opportunity to unleash an immunologic response. Our work underscores the importance of understanding the tumor stromal compartment in therapeutic design. This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1275.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas V. Faget
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
| | - Xianmin Luo
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
| | - Matthew J. Inkman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
| | - Qihao Ren
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
| | - Xinming Su
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
| | - Kai Ding
- Womens Cancer Research Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, PA
- Integrative Systems Biology Graduate Program, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Michael R. Waters
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
| | - Ganesh Kumar Raut
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
| | - Gaurav Pandey
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
| | - Paarth B. Dodhiawala
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN
- ICCE Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
| | - Renata Ramalho-Oliveira
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
| | - Jiayu Ye
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
| | - Thomas Cole
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
| | - Bhavna Murali
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
| | - Alexander Zheleznyak
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
| | - Monica Shokeen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
| | - Kurt R. Weiss
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | | | - Carl J. DeSelm
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
| | - Adrian V. Lee
- Womens Cancer Research Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, PA
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology & Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Steffi Oesterreich
- Womens Cancer Research Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, PA
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology & Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Katherine N. Weilbaecher
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
- Institute for Informatics (I), Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
| | - David G. DeNardo
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
- ICCE Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
| | - Sheila A. Stewart
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
- ICCE Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
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7
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Alghibiwi H, Ansari MA, Nadeem A, Algonaiah MA, Attia SM, Bakheet SA, Albekairi TH, Almudimeegh S, Alhamed AS, Shahid M, Alwetaid MY, Alassmrry YA, Ahmad SF. DAPTA, a C-C Chemokine Receptor 5 (CCR5), Leads to the Downregulation of Notch/NF-κB Signaling and Proinflammatory Mediators in CD40 + Cells in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis Model in SJL/J Mice. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1511. [PMID: 37371605 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11061511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune inflammatory disease of the central nervous system characterized by motor deficits, cognitive impairment, fatigue, pain, and sensory and visual dysfunction. CD40, highly expressed in B cells, plays a significant role in MS pathogenesis. The experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mouse model of MS has been well established, as well as its relevance in MS patients. This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic potential of DAPTA, a selective C-C chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) antagonist in the murine model of MS, and to expand the knowledge of its mechanism of action. Following the induction of EAE, DAPTA was administrated (0.01 mg/kg, i.p.) daily from day 14 to day 42. We investigated the effects of DAPTA on NF-κB p65, IκBα, Notch-1, Notch-3, GM-CSF, MCP-1, iNOS, and TNF-α in CD40+ spleen B cells using flow cytometry. Furthermore, we also analyzed the effect of DAPTA on NF-κB p65, IκBα, Notch-1, Notch-3, GM-CSF, MCP-1, iNOS, and TNF-α mRNA expression levels using qRT-PCR in brain tissue. EAE mice treated with DAPTA showed substantial reductions in NF-κB p65, Notch-1, Notch-3, GM-CSF, MCP-1, iNOS, and TNF-α but an increase in the IκBα of CD40+ B lymphocytes. Moreover, EAE mice treated with DAPTA displayed decreased NF-κB p65, Notch-1, Notch-3, GM-CSF, MCP-1, iNOS, and TNF-α and but showed increased IκBα mRNA expression levels. This study showed that DAPTA has significant neuroprotective potential in EAE via the downregulation of inflammatory mediators and NF-κB/Notch signaling. Collectively, DAPTA might have potential therapeutic targets for use in MS treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan Alghibiwi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mushtaq A Ansari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Nadeem
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majed Ali Algonaiah
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sabry M Attia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh A Bakheet
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Thamer H Albekairi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sultan Almudimeegh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah S Alhamed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mudassar Shahid
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Y Alwetaid
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yasseen A Alassmrry
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sheikh F Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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8
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Picard FSR, Lutz V, Brichkina A, Neuhaus F, Ruckenbrod T, Hupfer A, Raifer H, Klein M, Bopp T, Pfefferle PI, Savai R, Prinz I, Waisman A, Moos S, Chang HD, Heinrich S, Bartsch DK, Buchholz M, Singh S, Tu M, Klein L, Bauer C, Liefke R, Burchert A, Chung HR, Mayer P, Gress TM, Lauth M, Gaida M, Huber M. IL-17A-producing CD8 + T cells promote PDAC via induction of inflammatory cancer-associated fibroblasts. Gut 2023:gutjnl-2022-327855. [PMID: 36759154 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2022-327855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is characterised by an abundant desmoplastic stroma composed of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) and interspersed immune cells. A non-canonical CD8+ T-cell subpopulation producing IL-17A (Tc17) promotes autoimmunity and has been identified in tumours. Here, we evaluated the Tc17 role in PDAC. DESIGN Infiltration of Tc17 cells in PDAC tissue was correlated with patient overall survival and tumour stage. Wild-type (WT) or Il17ra-/- quiescent pancreatic stellate cells (qPSC) were exposed to conditional media obtained from Tc17 cells (Tc17-CM); moreover, co-culture of Tc17-CM-induced inflammatory (i)CAF (Tc17-iCAF) with tumour cells was performed. IL-17A/F-, IL-17RA-, RAG1-deficient and Foxn1nu/nu mice were used to study the Tc17 role in subcutaneous and orthotopic PDAC mouse models. RESULTS Increased abundance of Tc17 cells highly correlated with reduced survival and advanced tumour stage in PDAC. Tc17-CM induced iCAF differentiation as assessed by the expression of iCAF-associated genes via synergism of IL-17A and TNF. Accordingly, IL-17RA controlled the responsiveness of qPSC to Tc17-CM. Pancreatic tumour cells co-cultured with Tc17-iCAF displayed enhanced proliferation and increased expression of genes implicated in proliferation, metabolism and protection from apoptosis. Tc17-iCAF accelerated growth of mouse and human tumours in Rag1-/- and Foxn1nu/nu mice, respectively. Finally, Il17ra-expressed by fibroblasts was required for Tc17-driven tumour growth in vivo. CONCLUSIONS We identified Tc17 as a novel protumourigenic CD8+ T-cell subtype in PDAC, which accelerated tumour growth via IL-17RA-dependent stroma modification. We described a crosstalk between three cell types, Tc17, fibroblasts and tumour cells, promoting PDAC progression, which resulted in poor prognosis for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Veronika Lutz
- Institute of Systems Immunology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Anna Brichkina
- Department of Gastroenterology, Endocrinology, Metabolism and Infection, Center for Tumor and Immunology (ZTI), Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Felix Neuhaus
- Institute of Systems Immunology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Teresa Ruckenbrod
- Institute of Systems Immunology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Anna Hupfer
- Department of Gastroenterology, Endocrinology, Metabolism and Infection, Center for Tumor and Immunology (ZTI), Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Hartmann Raifer
- Institute of Systems Immunology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany.,Core-Facility Flow Cytometry, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Klein
- Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Tobias Bopp
- Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Petra Ina Pfefferle
- Comprehensive Biomaterial Bank Marburg (CBBMR), Philipps-Universitat Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Rajkumar Savai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Justus Liebig Universitat, Giessen, Germany.,Department of Lung Development and Remodeling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Immo Prinz
- Institute of Systems Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ari Waisman
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Sonja Moos
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Hyun-Dong Chang
- Institute of Biotechnology, Technische Universität, Berlin, Germany.,German Rheumatism Research Center (DRFZ), An Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Heinrich
- Department of Surgery, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Detlef K Bartsch
- Division of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Malte Buchholz
- Department of Gastroenterology, Endocrinology, Metabolism and Infection, Center for Tumor and Immunology (ZTI), Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Shiv Singh
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gastrointestinal Oncology and Endocrinology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Mengyu Tu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gastrointestinal Oncology and Endocrinology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Lukas Klein
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gastrointestinal Oncology and Endocrinology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Christian Bauer
- Department of Gastroenterology, Endocrinology, Metabolism and Infection, Center for Tumor and Immunology (ZTI), Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Robert Liefke
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Tumor Research (IMT), Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Burchert
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Philipps University Marburg Faculty of Medicine, Marburg, Germany
| | - Ho-Ryun Chung
- Institute for Medical Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Philipp Mayer
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas M Gress
- Department of Gastroenterology, Endocrinology, Metabolism and Infection, Center for Tumor and Immunology (ZTI), Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Lauth
- Department of Gastroenterology, Endocrinology, Metabolism and Infection, Center for Tumor and Immunology (ZTI), Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Gaida
- Institute of Pathology, JGU Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,Research Center for Immunotherapy, University Medical Center Mainz, JGU-Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,Joint Unit Immunopathology, Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center, JGU-Mainz and TRON, Translational Oncology at the University Medical Center, JGU-Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Magdalena Huber
- Institute of Systems Immunology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
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9
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Lasa M, Contreras-Jurado C. Thyroid hormones act as modulators of inflammation through their nuclear receptors. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:937099. [PMID: 36004343 PMCID: PMC9393327 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.937099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Reciprocal crosstalk between endocrine and immune systems has been well-documented both in physiological and pathological conditions, although the connection between the immune system and thyroid hormones (THs) remains largely unclear. Inflammation and infection are two important processes modulated by the immune system, which have profound effects on both central and peripheral THs metabolism. Conversely, optimal levels of THs are necessary for the maintenance of immune function and response. Although some effects of THs are mediated by their binding to cell membrane integrin receptors, triggering a non-genomic response, most of the actions of these hormones involve their binding to specific nuclear thyroid receptors (TRs), which generate a genomic response by modulating the activity of a great variety of transcription factors. In this special review on THs role in health and disease, we highlight the relevance of these hormones in the molecular mechanisms linked to inflammation upon their binding to specific nuclear receptors. In particular, we focus on THs effects on different signaling pathways involved in the inflammation associated with various infectious and/or pathological processes, emphasizing those mediated by NF-kB, p38MAPK and JAK/STAT. The findings showed in this review suggest new opportunities to improve current therapeutic strategies for the treatment of inflammation associated with several infections and/or diseases, such as cancer, sepsis or Covid-19 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Lasa
- Departamento de Bioquímica-Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols”, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Constanza Contreras-Jurado
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Alfonso X El Sabio, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Fisiopatología Endocrina y del Sistema Nervioso, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols”, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
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10
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Liu C, He D, Li L, Zhang S, Wang L, Fan Z, Wang Y. Extracellular vesicles in pancreatic cancer immune escape: Emerging roles and mechanisms. Pharmacol Res 2022; 183:106364. [PMID: 35901939 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is the most lethal malignancy worldwide due to its delayed diagnosis and limited treatment options. Despite great progress in clinical trials of immunotherapies for various cancers, their effectiveness in PC is very low, indicating that immune evasion is still a major obstacle to immunotherapy in PC. However, the mechanism of immune escape in PC is not fully understood, which substantially restricts the development of immunotherapy. As an important component of intercellular communication networks, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have attracted increasing attention in relation to immune escape. This review aims to provide a better understanding of the roles of EVs in tumor immune escape and the potential to expand their application in cancer immunotherapy. The relationship between PC and the tumor immune microenvironment is briefly introduced. Then, the mechanism by which EVs are involved in immune regulation is summarized, and the latest progress in determining the role of EVs in regulating PC immune escape is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunping Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China.
| | - Dongyue He
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Longmei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shihui Zhang
- Artemisinin Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhijin Fan
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yichao Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Tai Zhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), No.999 Donghai Road, Jiaojiang District, Taizhou, Zhejiang 318000, China.
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11
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PCAT19 Regulates the Proliferation and Apoptosis of Lung Cancer Cells by Inhibiting miR-25-3p via Targeting the MAP2K4 Signal Axis. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:2442094. [PMID: 35615401 PMCID: PMC9126706 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2442094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Both PCAT19 and miR-25-3p have been reported in lung cancer studies, but whether there is a correlation between the two and whether they jointly regulate the progress of lung cancer have not been reported yet. Therefore, this study carried out a further in-depth research. The expression of PCAT19 was detected in lung cancer (LC) tissues and cells by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The effect of PCAT19 on tumor growth was detected in a tumor-bearing model of nude mice. PCAT19-transfected cells were treated with Honokiol and anisomycin. The effects of PCAT19 on proliferation, apoptosis, and cycle of LC cells were investigated by biomolecule experiments. The effects of PCAT19 on the expressions of mitogen-activated protein kinase- (MAPK-) related proteins were evaluated by western blotting. The expression of PCAT19 was decreased in LC tissues and related to patient survival, tumor size, and pathology. In addition, upregulation of PCAT19 hindered LC cell proliferation, miR-25-3p expression, and the activation of extracellular regulated protein kinases (ERK) 1/2, p38, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), while facilitating LC cell apoptosis. Furthermore, upregulation of PCAT19 reversed the effects of Honokiol and anisomycin on promoting cell proliferation and inhibiting cell apoptosis. Collectively, our findings show that upregulated PCAT19 suppresses proliferation yet promotes the apoptosis of LC cells through modulating the miR-25-3p/MAP2K4 signaling axis.
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12
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Humayun A, Fornace AJ. GADD45 in Stress Signaling, Cell Cycle Control, and Apoptosis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1360:1-22. [PMID: 35505159 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-94804-7_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
GADD45 is a gene family consisting of GADD45A, GADD45B, and GADD45G that is often induced by DNA damage and other stress signals associated with growth arrest and apoptosis. Many of these roles are carried out via signaling mediated by p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). The GADD45 proteins can contribute to p38 activation either by activation of upstream kinase(s) or by direct interaction, as well as suppression of p38 activity in certain cases. In vivo, there are important tissue and cell type specific differences in the roles for GADD45 in MAPK signaling. In addition to being p53-regulated, GADD45A has also been found to contribute to p53 activation via p38. Like other stress and signaling proteins, GADD45 proteins show complex regulation and numerous effectors. More recently, aberrant GADD45 expression has been found in several human cancers, but the mechanisms behind these findings largely remain to be understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arslon Humayun
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Albert J Fornace
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington, DC, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA.
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13
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Broustas CG, Mukherjee S, Pannkuk EL, Laiakis EC, Fornace AJ, Amundson SA. Effect of the p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Signaling Cascade on Radiation Biodosimetry. Radiat Res 2022; 198:18-27. [PMID: 35353886 DOI: 10.1667/rade-21-00240.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Radiation biodosimetry based on transcriptomic analysis of peripheral blood is a valuable tool to detect radiation exposure after a radiological/nuclear event and obtain useful biological information that could predict tissue and organismal injury. However, confounding factors, including chronic inflammation or immune suppression, can potentially obscure the predictive power of the method. Members of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family respond to pro-inflammatory signals and environmental stresses, whereas genetic ablation of the p38 signaling pathway in mice leads to reduced susceptibility to collagen-induced arthritis and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis that model human rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis, respectively. p38 is normally regulated by the MAP3K-MAP2K pathway in mammalian cells. However, in T cells there is an alternative pathway for p38 activation that plays an important role in antigen-receptor-activated T cells and participates in immune and inflammatory responses. To examine the role of p38 in response to radiation, we used two mouse models expressing either a p38α dominant negative (DN) mutation that globally suppresses p38 signaling or a p38αβ double-knock-in (DKI) mutant, which inhibits specifically T-cell receptor activation. We exposed p38 wild-type (p38WT) and mutant male mice to 7 Gy X rays and 24 h later whole blood was isolated subjected to whole-genome microarray and gene ontology analysis. Irradiation of p38WT mice led to a significant overrepresentation of pathways associated with morbidity and mortality, as well as organismal cell death. In contrast, these pathways were significantly underrepresented in p38DN and p38DKI mutant mice, suggesting that p38 attenuation may protect blood cells from the deleterious effects of radiation. Furthermore, radiation exposure in p38 mutant mice resulted in an enrichment of phagocytosis-related pathways, suggesting a role for p38 signaling in restricting phagocytosis of apoptotic cells after irradiation. Finally, despite the significant changes in gene expression, it was still feasible to identify a panel of genes that could accurately distinguish between irradiated and control mice, irrespective of p38 status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constantinos G Broustas
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Sanjay Mukherjee
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Evan L Pannkuk
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057
| | - Evagelia C Laiakis
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057
| | - Albert J Fornace
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057
| | - Sally A Amundson
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
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14
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Pannkuk EL, Laiakis EC, Angdisen J, Jayatilake MM, Ake P, Lin LYT, Li HH, Fornace AJ. Small Molecule Signatures of Mice Lacking T-cell p38 Alternate Activation, a Model for Immunosuppression Conditions, after Total-Body Irradiation. Radiat Res 2022; 197:613-625. [PMID: 35245386 DOI: 10.1667/rade-21-00199.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Several diagnostic biodosimetry tools have been in development that may aid in radiological/nuclear emergency responses. Of these, correlating changes in non-invasive biofluid small-molecule signatures to tissue damage from ionizing radiation exposure show promise for inclusion in predictive biodosimetry models. Integral to dose reconstruction has been determining how genotypic variation in the general population will affect model performance. Here, we used a mouse model that lacks the T-cell receptor specific alternative p38 pathway [p38αβY323F, double knock-in (DKI) mice] to determine how attenuated autoimmune and inflammatory responses may affect dose reconstruction. We exposed adult male DKI mice (8-10 weeks old) to 2 and 7 Gy in parallel with wild-type mice and assessed perturbations in urine (days 1, 3, 7) and serum (day 1) using a global metabolomics approach. A multidimensional scaling plot showed excellent separation of radiation-exposed groups in wild-type mice with slightly dampened responses in DKI mice. Validated metabolite panels were developed for urine [N6,N6,N6-trimethyllysine (TML), N1-acetylspermidine, spermidine, carnitine, acylcarnitine C21H35NO5, 4-aminohippuric acid] and serum [phenylalanine, glutamine, propionylcarnitine, lysophosphatidylcholine (LysoPC 14:0), LysoPC (22:5)] to determine the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC). For both urine and serum, excellent sensitivity and specificity (AUROC > 0.90) was observed for 0 Gy vs. 7 Gy groups irrespective of genotype using identical metabolite panels. Similarly, excellent to fair classification (AUROC > 0.75) was observed for ≤2 Gy vs. 7 Gy mice for both genotypes, however, model performance declined (AUROC < 0.75) between genotypes after irradiation. Overall, these results suggest immunosuppression should not compromise small molecule multiplex panels used in dose reconstruction for biodosimetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan L Pannkuk
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC
| | - Evagelia C Laiakis
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC
| | - Jerry Angdisen
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC
| | - Meth M Jayatilake
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC
| | - Pelagie Ake
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC
| | - Lorreta Yun-Tien Lin
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC
| | - Heng-Hong Li
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC
| | - Albert J Fornace
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC
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15
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Schmitz I. Gadd45 Proteins in Immunity 2.0. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1360:69-86. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-94804-7_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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16
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Alam MS, Otsuka S, Wong N, Abbasi A, Gaida MM, Fan Y, Meerzaman D, Ashwell JD. TNF plays a crucial role in inflammation by signaling via T cell TNFR2. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2109972118. [PMID: 34873037 PMCID: PMC8685675 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2109972118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
TNF, produced largely by T and innate immune cells, is potently proinflammatory, as are cytokines such as IFN-γ and IL-17 produced by Th1 and Th17 cells, respectively. Here, we asked if TNF is upstream of Th skewing toward inflammatory phenotypes. Exposure of mouse CD4+ T cells to TNF and TGF-β generated Th17 cells that express low levels of IL-17 (ROR-γt+IL-17lo) and high levels of inflammatory markers independently of IL-6 and STAT3. This was mediated by the nondeath TNF receptor TNFR2, which also contributed to the generation of inflammatory Th1 cells. Single-cell RNA sequencing of central nervous system-infiltrating CD4+ T cells in mouse experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) found an inflammatory gene expression profile similar to cerebrospinal fluid-infiltrating CD4+ T cells from patients with multiple sclerosis. Notably, TNFR2-deficient CD4+ T cells produced fewer inflammatory mediators and were less pathogenic in EAE and colitis. IL-1β, a Th17-skewing cytokine, induced TNF and proinflammatory granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in T cells, which was inhibited by disruption of TNFR2 signaling, demonstrating IL-1β can function indirectly via the production of TNF. Thus, TNF is not just an effector but also an initiator of inflammatory Th differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad S Alam
- Laboratory of Immune Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NlH, Bethesda, MD 20892;
| | - Shizuka Otsuka
- Laboratory of Immune Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NlH, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Nathan Wong
- CCR Collaborative Bioinformatics Resources, Center for Cancer Research, Bethesda, MD 20892
- Advanced Biomedical Computational Science, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702
| | - Aamna Abbasi
- Laboratory of Immune Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NlH, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Matthias M Gaida
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz 55131, Germany
- Research Center for Immunotherapy, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz 55131, Germany
| | - Yu Fan
- Center for Biomedical Informatics and information Technology, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD 20852
| | - Daoud Meerzaman
- Center for Biomedical Informatics and information Technology, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD 20852
| | - Jonathan D Ashwell
- Laboratory of Immune Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NlH, Bethesda, MD 20892;
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17
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Tu M, Klein L, Espinet E, Georgomanolis T, Wegwitz F, Li X, Urbach L, Danieli-Mackay A, Küffer S, Bojarczuk K, Mizi A, Günesdogan U, Chapuy B, Gu Z, Neesse A, Kishore U, Ströbel P, Hessmann E, Hahn SA, Trumpp A, Papantonis A, Ellenrieder V, Singh SK. TNF-α-producing macrophages determine subtype identity and prognosis via AP1 enhancer reprogramming in pancreatic cancer. NATURE CANCER 2021; 2:1185-1203. [PMID: 35122059 DOI: 10.1038/s43018-021-00258-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Large-scale genomic profiling of pancreatic cancer (PDAC) has revealed two distinct subtypes: 'classical' and 'basal-like'. Their variable coexistence within the stromal immune microenvironment is linked to differential prognosis; however, the extent to which these neoplastic subtypes shape the stromal immune landscape and impact clinical outcome remains unclear. By combining preclinical models, patient-derived xenografts, as well as FACS-sorted PDAC patient biopsies, we show that the basal-like neoplastic state is sustained via BRD4-mediated cJUN/AP1 expression, which induces CCL2 to recruit tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α-secreting macrophages. TNF-α+ macrophages force classical neoplastic cells into an aggressive phenotypic state via lineage reprogramming. Integration of ATAC-, ChIP- and RNA-seq data revealed distinct JUNB/AP1 (classical) and cJUN/AP1 (basal-like)-driven regulation of PDAC subtype identity. Pharmacological inhibition of BRD4 led to suppression of the BRD4-cJUN-CCL2-TNF-α axis, restoration of classical subtype identity and a favorable prognosis. Hence, patient-tailored therapy for a cJUNhigh/TNF-αhigh subtype is paramount in overcoming highly inflamed and aggressive PDAC states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyu Tu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gastrointestinal Oncology and Endocrinology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Lukas Klein
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gastrointestinal Oncology and Endocrinology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Elisa Espinet
- Division of Stem Cells and Cancer, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany
- Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (HI-STEM gGmbh), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Florian Wegwitz
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Xiaojuan Li
- Department of Developmental Biology, Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Laura Urbach
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gastrointestinal Oncology and Endocrinology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Adi Danieli-Mackay
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Küffer
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Kamil Bojarczuk
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Athanasia Mizi
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ufuk Günesdogan
- Department of Developmental Biology, Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Björn Chapuy
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Zuguang Gu
- Bioinformatics and Omics Data Analytics, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Cancer Epigenomics, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Albrecht Neesse
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gastrointestinal Oncology and Endocrinology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Uday Kishore
- Biosciences, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK
| | - Philipp Ströbel
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Hessmann
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gastrointestinal Oncology and Endocrinology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Stephan A Hahn
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Molecular GI Oncology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Andreas Trumpp
- Division of Stem Cells and Cancer, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany
- Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (HI-STEM gGmbh), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Argyris Papantonis
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Volker Ellenrieder
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gastrointestinal Oncology and Endocrinology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Shiv K Singh
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gastrointestinal Oncology and Endocrinology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
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18
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Siejka-Zielińska P, Cheng J, Jackson F, Liu Y, Soonawalla Z, Reddy S, Silva M, Puta L, McCain MV, Culver EL, Bekkali N, Schuster-Böckler B, Palamara PF, Mann D, Reeves H, Barnes E, Sivakumar S, Song CX. Cell-free DNA TAPS provides multimodal information for early cancer detection. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabh0534. [PMID: 34516908 PMCID: PMC8442905 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abh0534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Multimodal, genome-wide characterization of epigenetic and genetic information in circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) could enable more sensitive early cancer detection, but it is technologically challenging. Recently, we developed TET-assisted pyridine borane sequencing (TAPS), which is a mild, bisulfite-free method for base-resolution direct DNA methylation sequencing. Here, we optimized TAPS for cfDNA (cfTAPS) to provide high-quality and high-depth whole-genome cell-free methylomes. We applied cfTAPS to 85 cfDNA samples from patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) or pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and noncancer controls. From only 10 ng of cfDNA (1 to 3 ml of plasma), we generated the most comprehensive cfDNA methylome to date. We demonstrated that cfTAPS provides multimodal information about cfDNA characteristics, including DNA methylation, tissue of origin, and DNA fragmentation. Integrated analysis of these epigenetic and genetic features enables accurate identification of early HCC and PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Siejka-Zielińska
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jingfei Cheng
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Felix Jackson
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Computer Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Yibin Liu
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Srikanth Reddy
- Oxford Transplant Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Michael Silva
- Department of HPB Surgery, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Luminita Puta
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Misti Vanette McCain
- Newcastle University Translational and Clinical Research Institute, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Emma L. Culver
- Peter Medawar Building and Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Noor Bekkali
- Department of Gastroenterology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Benjamin Schuster-Böckler
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Pier Francesco Palamara
- Department of Statistics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Derek Mann
- Newcastle University Translational and Clinical Research Institute, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Newcastle Fibrosis Research Group, Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Fibrofind, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Helen Reeves
- Newcastle University Translational and Clinical Research Institute, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Liver Unit, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Eleanor Barnes
- Peter Medawar Building and Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Shivan Sivakumar
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Oncology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Chun-Xiao Song
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Traub B, Roth A, Kornmann M, Knippschild U, Bischof J. Stress-activated kinases as therapeutic targets in pancreatic cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2021; 27:4963-4984. [PMID: 34497429 PMCID: PMC8384741 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v27.i30.4963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a dismal disease with high incidence and poor survival rates. With the aim to improve overall survival of pancreatic cancer patients, new therapeutic approaches are urgently needed. Protein kinases are key regulatory players in basically all stages of development, maintaining physiologic functions but also being involved in pathogenic processes. c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK) and p38 kinases, representatives of the mitogen-activated protein kinases, as well as the casein kinase 1 (CK1) family of protein kinases are important mediators of adequate response to cellular stress following inflammatory and metabolic stressors, DNA damage, and others. In their physiologic roles, they are responsible for the regulation of cell cycle progression, cell proliferation and differentiation, and apoptosis. Dysregulation of the underlying pathways consequently has been identified in various cancer types, including pancreatic cancer. Pharmacological targeting of those pathways has been the field of interest for several years. While success in earlier studies was limited due to lacking specificity and off-target effects, more recent improvements in small molecule inhibitor design against stress-activated protein kinases and their use in combination therapies have shown promising in vitro results. Consequently, targeting of JNK, p38, and CK1 protein kinase family members may actually be of particular interest in the field of precision medicine in patients with highly deregulated kinase pathways related to these kinases. However, further studies are warranted, especially involving in vivo investigation and clinical trials, in order to advance inhibition of stress-activated kinases to the field of translational medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benno Traub
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm 89081, Germany
| | - Aileen Roth
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm 89081, Germany
| | - Marko Kornmann
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm 89081, Germany
| | - Uwe Knippschild
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm 89081, Germany
| | - Joachim Bischof
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm 89081, Germany
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20
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[The microarchitecture of pancreatic cancer from the point of view of the pathologist and the radiologist]. DER PATHOLOGE 2021; 42:524-529. [PMID: 33956172 PMCID: PMC8390414 DOI: 10.1007/s00292-021-00949-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Die diagnostische Radiologie ist gemeinsam mit der diagnostischen Pathologie eines der klinisch-morphologischen Fächer, welche in unterschiedlicher makroskopischer bzw. mikroskopischer Auflösung zur Detektion, Charakterisierung sowie zum Ausbreitungsmuster eines Tumors führen. Die klinischen Disziplinen sind oft voneinander getrennt, wenngleich es vor allem in klinischen Tumorboards immer stärkere Verzahnungen gibt. Am Beispiel des Pankreaskarzinoms sind die Korrelationen radiologischer und pathologischer Diagnostik dargestellt.
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21
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Mercogliano MF, Bruni S, Mauro F, Elizalde PV, Schillaci R. Harnessing Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha to Achieve Effective Cancer Immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13030564. [PMID: 33540543 PMCID: PMC7985780 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13030564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) is a pleiotropic cytokine known to have contradictory roles in oncoimmunology. Indeed, TNFα has a central role in the onset of the immune response, inducing both activation and the effector function of macrophages, dendritic cells, natural killer (NK) cells, and B and T lymphocytes. Within the tumor microenvironment, however, TNFα is one of the main mediators of cancer-related inflammation. It is involved in the recruitment and differentiation of immune suppressor cells, leading to evasion of tumor immune surveillance. These characteristics turn TNFα into an attractive target to overcome therapy resistance and tackle cancer. This review focuses on the diverse molecular mechanisms that place TNFα as a source of resistance to immunotherapy such as monoclonal antibodies against cancer cells or immune checkpoints and adoptive cell therapy. We also expose the benefits of TNFα blocking strategies in combination with immunotherapy to improve the antitumor effect and prevent or treat adverse immune-related effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Florencia Mercogliano
- Laboratorio de Biofisicoquímica de Proteínas, Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (IQUIBICEN-CONICET), Buenos Aires 1428, Argentina;
| | - Sofía Bruni
- Laboratory of Molecular Mechanisms of Carcinogenesis, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Buenos Aires 1428, Argentina; (S.B.); (F.M.); (P.V.E.)
| | - Florencia Mauro
- Laboratory of Molecular Mechanisms of Carcinogenesis, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Buenos Aires 1428, Argentina; (S.B.); (F.M.); (P.V.E.)
| | - Patricia Virginia Elizalde
- Laboratory of Molecular Mechanisms of Carcinogenesis, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Buenos Aires 1428, Argentina; (S.B.); (F.M.); (P.V.E.)
| | - Roxana Schillaci
- Laboratory of Molecular Mechanisms of Carcinogenesis, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Buenos Aires 1428, Argentina; (S.B.); (F.M.); (P.V.E.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +54-11-4783-2869; Fax: +54-11-4786-2564
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22
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Gaida MM. [The ambiguous role of the inflammatory micromilieu in solid tumors]. DER PATHOLOGE 2021; 41:118-123. [PMID: 33104890 DOI: 10.1007/s00292-020-00837-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Besides host defense against infections, the main function of the immune system is to eliminate tumor cells. Therefore, nearly, all solid tumors have a heterogeneous fibro-inflammatory microenvironment, which consists of myofibroblastic cells, extracellular matrix components, and infiltrates from various types of immune cell. In particular, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is a prototype of a tumor with a pronounced inflammatory microenvironment, in which the majority of the tumor mass consists of nonneoplastic stromal and immune cells. Our own data and data from the literature indicate a protective role of tumor-infiltrating T cells for the host. On the other hand, we were able to show that a defined T cell subpopulation paradoxically promotes the progression of the tumor. Our investigations now focus on these cells, known as "Th17," in the tumor microenvironment. OBJECTIVES To elucidate the mechanisms of the infiltrated immune cells and their mediators in the tumor microenvironment. MATERIALS AND METHODS Human pancreatic cancer tissue was used for (immune) histological staining and morphometric analysis and the results were correlated with clinical parameters and with diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging images. The molecular mechanisms were analyzed in cell culture approaches using human tumor cells and human immune cells. With molecular biological methods and functional assays cell growth, invasion and colony formation were assessed. The in vivo correlation of the results and functional interventions were tested in murine and avian (xenograft) models. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Tumor-infiltrating immune cells of type Th17 and their mediators promoted the progression of the tumor depending on density, activation status, and cytokine profile. On molecular level, we identified a Th17-mediated increase of tumor cell migration and invasion, an increased neoangiogenesis, as well as a reorganization of the tumor stroma and microarchitecture. The data show that the progression of pancreatic cancer, depends on the status of activation and the cytokine profile of the infiltrated T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias M Gaida
- Institut für Pathologie, Universitätsmedizin der Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Deutschland.
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23
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Canovas B, Nebreda AR. Diversity and versatility of p38 kinase signalling in health and disease. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2021; 22:346-366. [PMID: 33504982 PMCID: PMC7838852 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-020-00322-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 234] [Impact Index Per Article: 78.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The ability of cells to deal with different types of stressful situations in a precise and coordinated manner is key for survival and involves various signalling networks. Over the past 25 years, p38 kinases — in particular, p38α — have been implicated in the cellular response to stress at many levels. These span from environmental and intracellular stresses, such as hyperosmolarity, oxidative stress or DNA damage, to physiological situations that involve important cellular changes such as differentiation. Given that p38α controls a plethora of functions, dysregulation of this pathway has been linked to diseases such as inflammation, immune disorders or cancer, suggesting the possibility that targeting p38α could be of therapeutic interest. In this Review, we discuss the organization of this signalling pathway focusing on the diversity of p38α substrates, their mechanisms and their links to particular cellular functions. We then address how the different cellular responses can be generated depending on the signal received and the cell type, and highlight the roles of this kinase in human physiology and in pathological contexts. p38α — the best-characterized member of the p38 kinase family — is a key mediator of cellular stress responses. p38α is activated by a plethora of signals and functions through a multitude of substrates to regulate different cellular behaviours. Understanding context-dependent p38α signalling provides important insights into p38α roles in physiology and pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Begoña Canovas
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Angel R Nebreda
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain. .,ICREA, Barcelona, Spain.
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Assessment of tissue perfusion of pancreatic cancer as potential imaging biomarker by means of Intravoxel incoherent motion MRI and CT perfusion: correlation with histological microvessel density as ground truth. Cancer Imaging 2021; 21:13. [PMID: 33468259 PMCID: PMC7816417 DOI: 10.1186/s40644-021-00382-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/objectives The aim of this study was to compare intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) diffusion weighted (DW) MRI and CT perfusion to assess tumor perfusion of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Methods In this prospective study, DW-MRI and CT perfusion were conducted in nineteen patients with PDAC on the day before surgery. IVIM analysis of DW-MRI was performed and the parameters perfusion fraction f, pseudodiffusion coefficient D*, and diffusion coefficient D were extracted for tumors, upstream, and downstream parenchyma. With a deconvolution-based analysis, the CT perfusion parameters blood flow (BF) and blood volume (BV) were estimated for tumors, upstream, and downstream parenchyma. In ten patients, intratumoral microvessel density (MVDtumor) and microvessel area (MVAtumor) were analyzed microscopically in resection specimens. Correlation coefficients between IVIM parameters, CT perfusion parameters, and histological microvessel parameters in tumors were calculated. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed for differentiation of tumors and upstream parenchyma. Results ftumor significantly positively correlated with BFtumor (r = 0.668, p = 0.002) and BVtumor (r = 0.672, p = 0.002). There were significant positive correlations between ftumor and MVDtumor/ MVAtumor (r ≥ 0.770, p ≤ 0.009) as well as between BFtumor and MVDtumor/ MVAtumor (r ≥ 0.697, p ≤ 0.025). Correlation coefficients between ftumor and MVDtumor/ MVAtumor were not significantly different from correlation coefficients between BFtumor and MVDtumor/ MVAtumor (p ≥ 0.400). Moreover, f, BF, BV, and permeability values (PEM) showed excellent performance in distinguishing tumors from upstream parenchyma (area under the ROC curve ≥0.874). Conclusions The study shows that IVIM derived ftumor and CT perfusion derived BFtumor similarly reflect vascularity of PDAC and seem to be comparably applicable for the evaluation of tumor perfusion for tumor characterization and as potential quantitative imaging biomarker. Trial registration DRKS, DRKS00022227, Registered 26 June 2020, retrospectively registered. https://www.drks.de/drks_web/navigate.do?navigationId=trial. HTML&TRIAL_ID=DRKS00022227. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40644-021-00382-x.
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25
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Huber M, Brehm CU, Gress TM, Buchholz M, Alashkar Alhamwe B, Pogge von Strandmann E, Slater EP, Bartsch JW, Bauer C, Lauth M. The Immune Microenvironment in Pancreatic Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7307. [PMID: 33022971 PMCID: PMC7583843 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The biology of solid tumors is strongly determined by the interactions of cancer cells with their surrounding microenvironment. In this regard, pancreatic cancer (pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, PDAC) represents a paradigmatic example for the multitude of possible tumor-stroma interactions. PDAC has proven particularly refractory to novel immunotherapies, which is a fact that is mediated by a unique assemblage of various immune cells creating a strongly immunosuppressive environment in which this cancer type thrives. In this review, we outline currently available knowledge on the cross-talk between tumor cells and the cellular immune microenvironment, highlighting the physiological and pathological cellular interactions, as well as the resulting therapeutic approaches derived thereof. Hopefully a better understanding of the complex tumor-stroma interactions will one day lead to a significant advancement in patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Huber
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Philipps University Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany;
| | - Corinna U. Brehm
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Giessen-Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany;
| | - Thomas M. Gress
- Department of Gastroenterology, Endocrinology, Metabolism and Infectiology, Center for Tumor- and Immunology (ZTI), Philipps University Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany; (T.M.G.); (M.B.); (C.B.)
| | - Malte Buchholz
- Department of Gastroenterology, Endocrinology, Metabolism and Infectiology, Center for Tumor- and Immunology (ZTI), Philipps University Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany; (T.M.G.); (M.B.); (C.B.)
| | - Bilal Alashkar Alhamwe
- Institute for Tumor Immunology, Clinic for Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Center for Tumor Biology and Immunology (ZTI), Philipps University Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany; (E.P.v.S.); (B.A.A.)
| | - Elke Pogge von Strandmann
- Institute for Tumor Immunology, Clinic for Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Center for Tumor Biology and Immunology (ZTI), Philipps University Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany; (E.P.v.S.); (B.A.A.)
| | - Emily P. Slater
- Department of Visceral-, Thoracic- and Vascular Surgery, Philipps University Marburg, Baldingerstrasse, 35043 Marburg, Germany;
| | - Jörg W. Bartsch
- Department of Neurosurgery, Philipps University Marburg, Baldingerstrasse, 35043 Marburg, Germany;
| | - Christian Bauer
- Department of Gastroenterology, Endocrinology, Metabolism and Infectiology, Center for Tumor- and Immunology (ZTI), Philipps University Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany; (T.M.G.); (M.B.); (C.B.)
| | - Matthias Lauth
- Department of Gastroenterology, Endocrinology, Metabolism and Infectiology, Center for Tumor- and Immunology (ZTI), Philipps University Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany; (T.M.G.); (M.B.); (C.B.)
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26
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Han J, Wu J, Silke J. An overview of mammalian p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases, central regulators of cell stress and receptor signaling. F1000Res 2020; 9. [PMID: 32612808 PMCID: PMC7324945 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.22092.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The p38 family is a highly evolutionarily conserved group of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) that is involved in and helps co-ordinate cellular responses to nearly all stressful stimuli. This review provides a succinct summary of multiple aspects of the biology, role, and substrates of the mammalian family of p38 kinases. Since p38 activity is implicated in inflammatory and other diseases, we also discuss the clinical implications and pharmaceutical approaches to inhibit p38.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahuai Han
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China
| | - Jianfeng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China
| | - John Silke
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, IG Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3050, Australia
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27
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Roth S, Zamzow K, Gaida MM, Heikenwälder M, Tjaden C, Hinz U, Bose P, Michalski CW, Hackert T. Evolution of the immune landscape during progression of pancreatic intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms to invasive cancer. EBioMedicine 2020; 54:102714. [PMID: 32259711 PMCID: PMC7132171 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.102714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs) are precursor lesions of pancreatic cancer, which is characterized by an immunosuppressive microenvironment. Yet, the spatial distribution of the immune infiltrate and how it changes during IPMN progression is just beginning to be understood. METHODS We obtained tissue samples from patients who underwent pancreatic surgery for IPMN, and performed comprehensive immunohistochemical analyses to investigate the clinical significance, composition and spatial organization of the immune microenvironment during progression of IPMNs. Survival analysis of pancreatic cancer patients was stratified by tumour infiltrating immune cell subtypes. FINDINGS The immune microenvironment evolves from a diverse T cell mixture, comprising CD8+ T cells, Th/c1 and Th/c2 as major players combined with Th9, Th/c17, Th22, and Treg cells in low-grade IPMN, to a Treg dominated immunosuppressive state in invasive pancreatic cancer. Organized lymphoid clusters formed in IPMN surrounding stroma and accumulated immunosuppressive cell types during tumour progression. Survival of pancreatic cancer patients correlated with Th2 signatures in the tumour microenvironment. INTERPRETATION The major change with regards to T cell composition during IPMN progression occurs at the step of tissue invasion, indicating that malignant transformation only occurs when tumour immune surveillance is overcome. This suggests that novel immunotherapies that would boost spontaneous antitumor immunity at premalignant states could prevent pancreatic cancer development. FUNDING The present work was supported by German Cancer Aid grants (70,112,720 and 70,113,167) to S. R., and the Olympia Morata Programme of the Medical Faculty of Heidelberg University to S. R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Roth
- Department of Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Katharina Zamzow
- Department of Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias M Gaida
- Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany; Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Mathias Heikenwälder
- Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christine Tjaden
- Department of Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ulf Hinz
- Department of Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Promita Bose
- Department of Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christoph W Michalski
- Department of Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Surgery, Halle University Hospital, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Thilo Hackert
- Department of Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
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28
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Hegde S, Krisnawan VE, Herzog BH, Zuo C, Breden MA, Knolhoff BL, Hogg GD, Tang JP, Baer JM, Mpoy C, Lee KB, Alexander KA, Rogers BE, Murphy KM, Hawkins WG, Fields RC, DeSelm CJ, Schwarz JK, DeNardo DG. Dendritic Cell Paucity Leads to Dysfunctional Immune Surveillance in Pancreatic Cancer. Cancer Cell 2020; 37:289-307.e9. [PMID: 32183949 PMCID: PMC7181337 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2020.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Here, we utilized spontaneous models of pancreatic and lung cancer to examine how neoantigenicity shapes tumor immunity and progression. As expected, neoantigen expression during lung adenocarcinoma development leads to T cell-mediated immunity and disease restraint. By contrast, neoantigen expression in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) results in exacerbation of a fibro-inflammatory microenvironment that drives disease progression and metastasis. Pathogenic TH17 responses are responsible for this neoantigen-induced tumor progression in PDAC. Underlying these divergent T cell responses in pancreas and lung cancer are differences in infiltrating conventional dendritic cells (cDCs). Overcoming cDC deficiency in early-stage PDAC leads to disease restraint, while restoration of cDC function in advanced PDAC restores tumor-restraining immunity and enhances responsiveness to radiation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samarth Hegde
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Varintra E Krisnawan
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Brett H Herzog
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Chong Zuo
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Marcus A Breden
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Brett L Knolhoff
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Graham D Hogg
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jack P Tang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - John M Baer
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Cedric Mpoy
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Kyung Bae Lee
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Katherine A Alexander
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Buck E Rogers
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Alvin J. Siteman Comprehensive Cancer Center, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Kenneth M Murphy
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - William G Hawkins
- Department of Surgery, Barnes-Jewish Hospital, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Alvin J. Siteman Comprehensive Cancer Center, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Ryan C Fields
- Department of Surgery, Barnes-Jewish Hospital, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Alvin J. Siteman Comprehensive Cancer Center, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Carl J DeSelm
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Alvin J. Siteman Comprehensive Cancer Center, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Julie K Schwarz
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Alvin J. Siteman Comprehensive Cancer Center, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - David G DeNardo
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Alvin J. Siteman Comprehensive Cancer Center, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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29
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Abstract
Malignant transformation entails important changes in the control of cell proliferation through the rewiring of selected signaling pathways. Cancer cells then become very dependent on the proper function of those pathways, and their inhibition offers therapeutic opportunities. Here we identify the stress kinase p38α as a nononcogenic signaling molecule that enables the progression of KrasG12V-driven lung cancer. We demonstrate in vivo that, despite acting as a tumor suppressor in healthy alveolar progenitor cells, p38α contributes to the proliferation and malignization of lung cancer epithelial cells. We show that high expression levels of p38α correlate with poor survival in lung adenocarcinoma patients, and that genetic or chemical inhibition of p38α halts tumor growth in lung cancer mouse models. Moreover, we reveal a lung cancer epithelial cell-autonomous function for p38α promoting the expression of TIMP-1, which in turn stimulates cell proliferation in an autocrine manner. Altogether, our results suggest that epithelial p38α promotes KrasG12V-driven lung cancer progression via maintenance of cellular self-growth stimulatory signals.
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The Microarchitecture of Pancreatic Cancer as Measured by Diffusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging Is Altered by T Cells with a Tumor Promoting Th17 Phenotype. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21010346. [PMID: 31948053 PMCID: PMC6982276 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI) is a diagnostic tool that is increasingly used for the detection and characterization of focal masses in the abdomen, among these, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). DW-MRI reflects the microarchitecture of the tissue, and changes in diffusion, which are reflected by changes in the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), are mainly attributed to variations in cellular density, glandular formation, and fibrosis. When analyzing the T cell infiltrates, we found an association of a tumor-promoting subpopulation, characterized by the expression of interleukin (IL) 21 and IL26, with high ADC values. Moreover, the presence of IL21+ and IL26+ positive T cells was associated with poor prognosis. Pancreatic cancers—but not healthy pancreatic tissue—expressed receptors for IL21 and IL26, a finding that could be confirmed in pancreatic cell lines. The functionality of these receptors was demonstrated in pancreatic tumor cell lines, which showed phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and STAT3 pathways in response to the respective recombinant interleukins. Moreover, in vitro data showed an increased colony formation of tumor cells. In summary, our data showed an association of IL21+ and IL26+ immune cell infiltration, increased ADC, and aggressive tumor disease, most likely due to the activation of the key cancer signaling pathways ERK1/2 and STAT3 and formation of tumor colonies.
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31
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Bang BR, Han KH, Seo GY, Croft M, Kang YJ. The protein tyrosine kinase SYK regulates the alternative p38 activation in liver during acute liver inflammation. Sci Rep 2019; 9:17838. [PMID: 31780731 PMCID: PMC6882802 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54335-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Two distinct p38 signaling pathways, classical and alternative, have been identified to regulate inflammatory responses in host defense and disease development. The role of alternative p38 activation in liver inflammation is elusive, while classical p38 signaling in hepatocytes plays a role in regulating the induction of cell death in autoimmune-mediated acute liver injury. In this study, we found that a mutation of alternative p38 in mice augmented the severity of acute liver inflammation. Moreover, TNF-induced hepatocyte death was augmented by a mutation of alternative p38, suggesting that alternative p38 signaling in hepatocytes contributed more significantly to the pathology of acute liver injury. Furthermore, SYK-Vav-1 signaling regulates alternative p38 activation and the downregulation of cell death in hepatocytes. Therefore, it is suggested that alternative p38 signaling in the liver plays a critical role in the induction and subsequent pathological changes of acute liver injury. Collectively, our results imply that p38 signaling in hepatocytes plays a crucial role to prevent excessive liver injury by regulating the induction of cell death and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Ram Bang
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Kyung Ho Han
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Goo-Young Seo
- Division of Developmental Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Michael Croft
- Division of Immune Regulation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Young Jun Kang
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
- Molecular Medicine Research Institute, Sunnyvale, CA, 94085, USA.
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32
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Interleukin 21 Receptor/Ligand Interaction Is Linked to Disease Progression in Pancreatic Cancer. Cells 2019; 8:cells8091104. [PMID: 31540511 PMCID: PMC6770770 DOI: 10.3390/cells8091104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) displays a marked fibro-inflammatory microenvironment in which infiltrated immune cells fail to eliminate the tumor cells and often—rather paradoxically—promote tumor progression. Of special interest are tumor-promoting T cells that assume a Th17-like phenotype because their presence in PDAC tissue is associated with a poor prognosis. In that context, the role of IL-21, a major cytokine released by Th17-like cells, was assessed. In all tissue samples (n = 264) IL-21+ immune cells were detected by immunohistochemistry and high density of those cells was associated with poor prognosis. In the majority of patients (221/264), tumor cells expressed the receptor for IL-21 (IL-21R) and also a downstream target of IL-21, Blimp-1 (199/264). Blimp-1 expression closely correlated with IL-21R expression and multivariate analysis revealed that expression of both IL-21R and Blimp-1 was associated with shorter survival time of the patients. In vitro data using pancreatic tumor cells lines provided a possible explanation: IL-21 activated ERK and STAT3 pathways and upregulated Blimp-1. Moreover, IL-21 increased invasion of tumor cell lines in a Blimp-1-dependent manner. As an in vivo correlate, an avian xenograft model was used. Here again Blimp-1 expression was significantly upregulated in IL-21 stimulated tumor cells. In summary, our data showed an association of IL-21+ immune cell infiltration and IL-21 receptor expression in PDAC with poor survival, most likely due to an IL-21-mediated promotion of tumor cell invasion and enhanced colony formation, supporting the notion of the tumor-promoting abilities of the tumor microenvironment.
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33
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Hruban RH, Gaida MM, Thompson E, Hong SM, Noë M, Brosens LA, Jongepier M, Offerhaus GJA, Wood LD. Why is pancreatic cancer so deadly? The pathologist's view. J Pathol 2019; 248:131-141. [PMID: 30838636 DOI: 10.1002/path.5260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The remarkable aggressiveness of pancreatic cancer has never been fully explained. Although clearly multifactorial, we postulate that venous invasion, a finding seen in most pancreatic cancers but not in most cancers of other organs, may be a significant, underappreciated contributor to the aggressiveness of this disease. Copyright © 2019 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralph H Hruban
- Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Matthias M Gaida
- Department of General Pathology, The University Hospital of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Elizabeth Thompson
- Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Seung-Mo Hong
- Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Michaël Noë
- Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lodewijk Aa Brosens
- Department of Pathology, The University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Martine Jongepier
- Department of Pathology, The University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - G Johan A Offerhaus
- Department of Pathology, The University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Laura D Wood
- Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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34
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Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a devastating disease with poor prognosis in the modern era. Inflammatory processes have emerged as key mediators of pancreatic cancer development and progression. Recently, studies have been carried out to investigate the underlying mechanisms that contribute to tumorigenesis induced by inflammation. In this review, the role of inflammation in the initiation and progression of pancreatic cancer is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamleshsingh Shadhu
- Pancreas Center of The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
- Pancreas Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
- School of International Education of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Chunhua Xi
- Pancreas Center of The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
- Pancreas Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
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35
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Wang Y, Fang T, Huang L, Wang H, Zhang L, Wang Z, Cui Y. Neutrophils infiltrating pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma indicate higher malignancy and worse prognosis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 501:313-319. [PMID: 29738769 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
CD177 is considered to represent neutrophils. We analyzed mRNA expression level of CD177 and clinical follow-up survey of PDAC to estimate overall survival (OS) from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) dataset (GSE21501, containing samples from 102 PDAC patients) by R2 platform (http://r2.amc.nl). We also analyzed correlated genes of CD177 by Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis to predict the potential relationship between neutrophils and prognosis of PDAC. We then performed hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and immunohistochemical staining of surgical specimens to verify infiltration of neutrophils in PDAC tissues. After analyzing mRNA expression data and clinical follow-up survey provided in the GEO dataset (GSE21501, containing samples from 102 PDAC patients) and clinicopathological data of 23 PDAC patients, we demonstrated that CD177 was correlated with poor prognosis. The univariate Kaplan-Meier survival analysis revealed that OS was inversely associated with increased expression of CD177 (P = 0.012). Expression of phosphodiesterase (PDE)4D was positively related to CD177 in gene correlation analysis (R = 0.413, P < 0.001) by R2 platform. H&E staining and immunohistochemistry of CD177 in 23 PDAC surgical samples showed accumulation of neutrophils in the stroma and blood vessels around the cancer cells. In addition, immunohistochemical staining showed that CD177 was highly expressed in the stroma and blood vessels around tumor tissues of PDAC, which was similar to H&E staining. Expression of CD177 can be used to represent infiltration of neutrophils, which may have potential prognostic value in PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufu Wang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150000, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Tianyi Fang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150000, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Lining Huang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150000, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150000, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150000, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Zhidong Wang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150000, Heilongjiang Province, China.
| | - Yunfu Cui
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150000, Heilongjiang Province, China.
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36
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Luo Y, Gao S, Hao Z, Yang Y, Xie S, Li D, Liu M, Zhou J. Apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 exhibits oncogenic activity in pancreatic cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 7:75155-75164. [PMID: 27655673 PMCID: PMC5342730 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer has an extremely grim prognosis, with an overall 5-year survival rate less than 5%, as a result of its rapid metastasis and late diagnosis. To combat this disease, it is crucial to better understand the molecular mechanisms that contribute to its pathogenesis. Herein, we report that apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) is overexpressed in pancreatic cancer tissues and that its expression correlates with the histological grade of pancreatic cancer. The expression of ASK1 is also elevated in pancreatic cancer cell lines at both protein and mRNA levels. In addition, ASK1 promotes the proliferation and stimulates the tumorigenic capacity of pancreatic cancer cells. These functions of ASK1 are abrogated by pharmacological inhibition of its kinase activity or by introduction of a kinase-dead mutation, suggesting that the kinase activity of ASK1 is required for its role in pancreatic cancer. However, the alteration of ASK1 expression or activity does not significantly affect the migration or invasion of pancreatic cancer cells. Collectively, these findings reveal a critical role for ASK1 in the development of pancreatic cancer and have important implications for the diagnosis and treatment of this malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youguang Luo
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes of the Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China.,State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Siqi Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Ziwei Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Songbo Xie
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes of the Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Dengwen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Min Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes of the Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes of the Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China.,State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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37
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Meng C, Bai C, Brown TD, Hood LE, Tian Q. Human Gut Microbiota and Gastrointestinal Cancer. GENOMICS PROTEOMICS & BIOINFORMATICS 2018. [PMID: 29474889 DOI: 10.1016/j.gpb.2017.06.002.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Human gut microbiota play an essential role in both healthy and diseased states of humans. In the past decade, the interactions between microorganisms and tumors have attracted much attention in the efforts to understand various features of the complex microbial communities, as well as the possible mechanisms through which the microbiota are involved in cancer prevention, carcinogenesis, and anti-cancer therapy. A large number of studies have indicated that microbial dysbiosis contributes to cancer susceptibility via multiple pathways. Further studies have suggested that the microbiota and their associated metabolites are not only closely related to carcinogenesis by inducing inflammation and immune dysregulation, which lead to genetic instability, but also interfere with the pharmacodynamics of anticancer agents. In this article, we mainly reviewed the influence of gut microbiota on cancers in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract (including esophageal, gastric, colorectal, liver, and pancreatic cancers) and the regulation of microbiota by diet, prebiotics, probiotics, synbiotics, antibiotics, or the Traditional Chinese Medicine. We also proposed some new strategies in the prevention and treatment of GI cancers that could be explored in the future. We hope that this review could provide a comprehensive overview of the studies on the interactions between the gut microbiota and GI cancers, which are likely to yield translational opportunities to reduce cancer morbidity and mortality by improving prevention, diagnosis, and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changting Meng
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Oncology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Chunmei Bai
- Department of Oncology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing 100730, China
| | | | - Leroy E Hood
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Swedish Cancer Institute, Seattle, WA 98104, USA
| | - Qiang Tian
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; P4 Medicine Institute, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
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38
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Wang X, Shen H, Zhangyuan G, Huang R, Zhang W, He Q, Jin K, Zhuo H, Zhang Z, Wang J, Sun B, Lu X. 14-3-3ζ delivered by hepatocellular carcinoma-derived exosomes impaired anti-tumor function of tumor-infiltrating T lymphocytes. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:159. [PMID: 29415983 PMCID: PMC5833352 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-017-0180-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence shows that the anti-tumor functions of tumor-infiltrating T lymphocytes (TILs) were inhibited significantly, but the underlying mechanisms remain not fully understood. In this study, we found that 14-3-3ζ expression was up-regulated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells and in TILs. TILs with 14-3-3ζ high-expression (14-3-3ζhigh) exhibited impaired activation (CD69), proliferation (Ki67) and anti-tumor functions compared to 14-3-3ζ low expression (14-3-3ζlow) TILs. Flow cytometry assay showed that compared with 14-3-3ζlow CD8+T cells, 14-3-3ζhigh ones exhibited higher frequency of exhausted phenotypes as measured by inhibitory receptors such as PD-1, TIM-3, LAG3, and CTLA-4. 14-3-3ζ overexpression inhibited the activity and proliferation of peripheral blood CD3+ T cells, deviated the differentiation of naive T cells from effector T cells to regulatory T cells. Moreover, we found that 14-3-3ζ expression levels in TILs correlated positively with those in HCC cells. Naive T cells co-cultured with HCC cells or the visible components of culture medium of HCC cells exhibited increased 14-3-3ζ expression. Stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (STORM) and confocal assay showed that 14-3-3ζ-containing exosomes derived from HCC cells could be swallowed by T cells, suggesting that 14-3-3ζ might be transmitted from HCC cells to TILs at least partially through exosomes. In conclusion, our study for the first time demonstrated that 14-3-3ζ is up-regulated in and inhibited the anti-tumor functions of tumor-infiltrating T cells in HCC microenvironment and that 14-3-3ζ might be transmitted from HCC cells to T cells at least partially through exosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochen Wang
- Liver Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210029, China
| | - Haiyuan Shen
- Liver Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210029, China
| | - Guangyan Zhangyuan
- Liver Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210029, China
| | - Ruyi Huang
- Liver Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210029, China
| | - Wenjie Zhang
- Liver Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210029, China
| | - Qifeng He
- Liver Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210029, China
| | - Kangpeng Jin
- Liver Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210029, China
| | - Han Zhuo
- Liver Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210029, China
| | - Zechuan Zhang
- Liver Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210029, China
| | - Jincheng Wang
- Liver Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210029, China
| | - Beicheng Sun
- Liver Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210029, China.
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210009, China.
| | - Xiaojie Lu
- Liver Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210029, China.
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39
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Meng C, Bai C, Brown TD, Hood LE, Tian Q. Human Gut Microbiota and Gastrointestinal Cancer. GENOMICS, PROTEOMICS & BIOINFORMATICS 2018; 16:33-49. [PMID: 29474889 PMCID: PMC6000254 DOI: 10.1016/j.gpb.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Revised: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Human gut microbiota play an essential role in both healthy and diseased states of humans. In the past decade, the interactions between microorganisms and tumors have attracted much attention in the efforts to understand various features of the complex microbial communities, as well as the possible mechanisms through which the microbiota are involved in cancer prevention, carcinogenesis, and anti-cancer therapy. A large number of studies have indicated that microbial dysbiosis contributes to cancer susceptibility via multiple pathways. Further studies have suggested that the microbiota and their associated metabolites are not only closely related to carcinogenesis by inducing inflammation and immune dysregulation, which lead to genetic instability, but also interfere with the pharmacodynamics of anticancer agents. In this article, we mainly reviewed the influence of gut microbiota on cancers in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract (including esophageal, gastric, colorectal, liver, and pancreatic cancers) and the regulation of microbiota by diet, prebiotics, probiotics, synbiotics, antibiotics, or the Traditional Chinese Medicine. We also proposed some new strategies in the prevention and treatment of GI cancers that could be explored in the future. We hope that this review could provide a comprehensive overview of the studies on the interactions between the gut microbiota and GI cancers, which are likely to yield translational opportunities to reduce cancer morbidity and mortality by improving prevention, diagnosis, and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changting Meng
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Oncology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Chunmei Bai
- Department of Oncology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing 100730, China
| | | | - Leroy E Hood
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Swedish Cancer Institute, Seattle, WA 98104, USA
| | - Qiang Tian
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; P4 Medicine Institute, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
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40
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Stern L, Giese N, Hackert T, Strobel O, Schirmacher P, Felix K, Gaida MM. Overcoming chemoresistance in pancreatic cancer cells: role of the bitter taste receptor T2R10. J Cancer 2018; 9:711-725. [PMID: 29556329 PMCID: PMC5858493 DOI: 10.7150/jca.21803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Bitter taste receptors (T2Rs) are G-protein coupled transmembrane proteins initially identified in the gustatory system as sensors for the taste of bitter. Recent evidence on expression of these receptors outside gustatory tissues suggested alternative functions, and there is growing interest of their potential role in cancer biology. In this study, we report for the first time, expression and functionality of the bitter receptor family member T2R10 in both human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) tissue and PDAC derived cell lines. Caffeine, a known ligand for T2R10, rendered the tumor cells more susceptible to two standard chemotherapeutics, Gemcitabine and 5-Fluoruracil. Knocking down T2R10 in the cell line BxPC-3 reduced the caffeine-induced effect. As possible underlying mechanism, we found that caffeine via triggering T2R10 inhibited Akt phosphorylation and subsequently downregulated expression of ABCG2, the so-called multi-drug resistance protein that participates in rendering cells resistant to a variety of chemotherapeutics. In conclusion, T2R10 is expressed in pancreatic cancer and it downmodulates the chemoresistance of the tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louisa Stern
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nathalia Giese
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thilo Hackert
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Oliver Strobel
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Schirmacher
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Klaus Felix
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias M Gaida
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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41
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Alam MS, Gaida MM, Debnath S, Tagad HD, Miller Jenkins LM, Appella E, Rahman MJ, Ashwell JD. Unique properties of TCR-activated p38 are necessary for NFAT-dependent T-cell activation. PLoS Biol 2018; 16:e2004111. [PMID: 29357353 PMCID: PMC5794172 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.2004111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) transcription factors are required for induction of T-cell cytokine production and effector function. Although it is known that activation via the T-cell antigen receptor (TCR) results in 2 critical steps, calcineurin-mediated NFAT1 dephosphorylation and NFAT2 up-regulation, the molecular mechanisms underlying each are poorly understood. Here we find that T cell p38, which is activated by an alternative pathway independent of the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase cascade and with different substrate specificities, directly controls these events. First, alternatively (but not classically) activated p38 was required to induce the expression of the AP-1 component c-Fos, which was necessary for NFAT2 expression and cytokine production. Second, alternatively (but not classically) activated p38 phosphorylated NFAT1 on a heretofore unidentified site, S79, and in its absence NFAT1 was unable to interact with calcineurin or migrate to the nucleus. These results demonstrate that the acquisition of unique specificities by TCR-activated p38 orchestrates NFAT-dependent T-cell functions. The p38 MAP kinase, which is required for a large number of important biological responses, is activated by an enzymatic cascade that results in its dual phosphorylation on p38T180Y182. T cells have evolved a unique pathway in which T-cell antigen receptor (TCR) ligation results in phosphorylation of p38Y323 (the alternative pathway). Why T cells acquired this pathway is the subject of conjecture. In this study, we examine the activation of 2 members of the nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) family, which, when dephosphorylated by calcineurin, migrate from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. In T cells with the alternative pathway ablated by a single amino acid substitution (p38Y323F), NFAT1 remained in the cytoplasm after stimulation via the TCR. Studies identified NFAT1S79 as a target for alternatively (but not classically) activated p38, and phosphorylation of this residue was required for binding calcineurin and nuclear translocation. Furthermore, although classically activated p38 induced NFAT1 translocation in the absence of NFAT1S79 phosphorylation, unlike alternatively activated p38 it did not cause NFAT2 up-regulation. This paradox was resolved by the finding that only the latter induces c-Fos, which binds to the NFAT2 promoter and participates in its up-regulation. These T-cell-specific p38 activities provide a strong rationale for the acquisition of the alternative mechanism for activating p38.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad S. Alam
- Laboratory of Immune Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Matthias M. Gaida
- Laboratory of Immune Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Subrata Debnath
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Harichandra D. Tagad
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Lisa M. Miller Jenkins
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Ettore Appella
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - M. Jubayer Rahman
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology at the Immunology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jonathan D. Ashwell
- Laboratory of Immune Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Chen J, Zhao T, Jia S, Zhou S, Zhou L, Wang S, Ding G, Jiang G, Cao L. High Expression of P38α and Preoperative Carbohydrate Antigen 19-9 Indicate Poor Prognosis in Patients with Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. J Cancer 2018; 9:650-659. [PMID: 29556322 PMCID: PMC5858486 DOI: 10.7150/jca.21683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: P38α is a ubiquitous protein kinase, which plays diverse roles in cancers. Surprisingly, P38α functions vary markedly in different cancers (e.g., cancer suppressor vs cancer promoter). However, there is no report on the expression of P38α, the family's most important member, in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and its association with clinicoathological parameters and patients' prognosis. Materials and methods: We retrospectively analyzed 152 patients who underwent surgery and were pathologically diagnosed with PDAC from September 2013 to September 2015. We used immunohistochemistry to detect P38α expression in tumor and adjacent normal tissues. The significance of the association between P38α and clinicopathological parameters was evaluated using the χ² test and t tests. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to assess the association between P38α expression and preoperative carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) levels and patients' overall survival. The Cox regression model was used to analyze the association between clinicopathological parameters, P38α and preoperative CA19-9 levels, and prognosis. Statistical significance was defined as P < 0.05. Results: P38α was expressed in 63.16% tumor tissues of PDAC, which was significantly higher compared with the adjacent normal tissues (26.32%, P < 0.001). High expression of P38α was associated with patients' histological grade (P = 0.013), lymphatic metastasis (P = 0.025) and TNM stage (P = 0.048). The median survival time of the P38α-high group was 9.2 months, which was shorter compared with that of the P38α-low group (17.3 months, P = 0.011). The median survival time of the CA19-9 > 43.63 group was 11.1 months shorter than that of the CA19-9 < 43.63 group (24.8 months, P < 0.001). The Cox regression model revealed that age (P = 0.003), lymphatic invasion (P = 0.015), TNM stage (P = 0.003), histological grade (P < 0.001), preoperative CA19-9 (P = 0.049), and P38α expression (P = 0.008) were statistically significant independent risk factors affecting prognosis. Specifically, overall survival was 28.4 months in the P38α-low and CA19-9 < 43.63 groups, 16.3 months in the P38α-high or CA19-9 > 43.63 groups, and 9.7 months in the P38α-high and CA19-9 > 43.63 groups (P < 0.001). Conclusions: High expression of P38α was significantly associated with histological grade, lymphatic metastasis, TNM stage and prognosis in patients with PDAC. P38α and preoperative CA19-9 levels were independent risk factors affecting the prognosis of PDAC patients. High expression of p38α and preoperative carbohydrate antigen 19-9 indicate poor prognosis in patients with PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jionghuang Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, the affiliated hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ting Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, the affiliated hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shengnan Jia
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, the affiliated hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Senhao Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, the affiliated hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liangjing Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, the affiliated hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shaowen Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, the affiliated hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guoping Ding
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, the affiliated hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guixing Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, the affiliated hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liping Cao
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, the affiliated hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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Mayer P, Dinkic C, Jesenofsky R, Klauss M, Schirmacher P, Dapunt U, Hackert T, Uhle F, Hänsch GM, Gaida MM. Changes in the microarchitecture of the pancreatic cancer stroma are linked to neutrophil-dependent reprogramming of stellate cells and reflected by diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging. Theranostics 2018; 8:13-30. [PMID: 29290790 PMCID: PMC5743457 DOI: 10.7150/thno.21089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In pancreatic cancer (PDAC) intratumor infiltration of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) is associated with histologically apparent alterations of the tumor growth pattern. The aim of this study was to examine possible associations between PMN infiltration, tumor microarchitecture, and water diffusivity in diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI), and to further asses the underlying mechanisms. Methods: DW-MRI was performed in 33 PDAC patients prior to surgery. In parallel, tissue specimen were examined histologically for growth pattern, azurocidin-positive PMN infiltrates, and the presence of alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9)-positive myofibroblastic cells. For confirmation of the histological findings, a tissue microarray of a second cohort of patients (n=109) was prepared and examined similarly. For in vitro studies, the pancreatic stellate cell line RLT was co-cultivated either with isolated PMN, PMN-lysates, or recombinant azurocidin and characterized by Western blot, flow cytometry, and proteome profiler arrays. Results: Tumors with high PMN density showed restricted water diffusion in DW-MRI and histologic apparent alterations of the tumor microarchitecture (microglandular, micropapillary, or overall poorly differentiated growth pattern) as opposed to tumors with scattered PMN. Areas with altered growth pattern lacked α-SMA-positive myofibroblastic cells. Tissue microarrays confirmed a close association of high PMN density with alterations of the tumor microarchitecture and revealed a significant association of high PMN density with poor histologic grade of differentiation (G3). In vitro experiments provided evidence for direct effects of PMN on stellate cells, where a change to a spindle shaped cell morphology in response to PMN and to PMN-derived azurocidin was seen. Azurocidin incorporated into stellate cells, where it associated with F-actin. Down-regulation of α-SMA was seen within hours, as was activation of the p38-cofilin axis, up-regulation of MMP9, and acquisition of intracellular lipid droplets, which together indicate a phenotype switch of the stellate cells. Conclusion: In PDAC, PMN infiltrates are associated with alterations of the tumor microarchitecture. As a causal relationship, we propose a reprogramming of stellate cells by PMN-derived azurocidin towards a phenotype, which affects the microarchitecture of the tumor.
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Expression of the bitter receptor T2R38 in pancreatic cancer: localization in lipid droplets and activation by a bacteria-derived quorum-sensing molecule. Oncotarget 2017; 7:12623-32. [PMID: 26862855 PMCID: PMC4914309 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2015] [Accepted: 01/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
T2R38 belongs to the family of bitter receptors and was initially detected in cells of the oral cavity. We now describe expression of T2R38 in tumor cells in patients with pancreatic cancer and in tumor-derived cell lines. T2R38 is localized predominantly intracellular in association with lipid droplets, particularly with the lipid droplet membrane. The receptor can be activated by the bona fide ligand for T2R38, phenylthiourea (PTU), and by N-acetyl-dodecanoyl homoserine (AHL-12), a quorum sensing molecule of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the latter is the only known natural ligand for T2R38. In response to PTU or AHL-12, key transcription factors are activated including phosphorylation of the MAP kinases p38 and ERK1/2, and upregulation of NFATc1. Moreover, we found increased expression of the multi-drug resistance protein 1 (also known as ABCB1), a transmembrane transporter molecule, participating in shuttling of a plethora of drugs, such as chemotherapeutics or antibiotics. In conclusion, our data indicate a new, additional function of the taste receptor T2R38 beyond sensing ‘bitter’. Moreover, because T2R38 can be stimulated by a bacteria-derived signaling molecule the receptor could link microbiota and cancer.
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Partecke LI, Käding A, Trung DN, Diedrich S, Sendler M, Weiss F, Kühn JP, Mayerle J, Beyer K, von Bernstorff W, Heidecke CD, Keßler W. Subdiaphragmatic vagotomy promotes tumor growth and reduces survival via TNFα in a murine pancreatic cancer model. Oncotarget 2017; 8:22501-22512. [PMID: 28160574 PMCID: PMC5410240 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study analyses the effects of vagotomy on tumor growth and survival in a murine, pancreatic cancer model in wild-type and TNFα-knockout (−/−) mice. Throughout many operative procedures in the upper gastrointestinal tract the partial or complete transection of the vagus nerve or its local nerve fibers is unavoidable. Thereby its anti-inflammatory effects in residual tumor tissue may get lost. This effect may be mediated by tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) secreting TNFα. In an orthotopic murine pancreatic cancer model subdiaphragmatic vagotomy versus sham surgery was performed. The impact on tumor growth was monitored in wild type and TNFα −/− mice using MRI. TAMs as well as expression levels of TNFα were analyzed using immunohistochemistry. The role of TNFα on tumor growth and migration was examined in vitro. Vagotomised mice showed increased tumor growth with macroscopic features of invasive growth and had a shorter survival time. The loss of vagal modulation led to significantly increased TNFα levels in tumors and considerably elevated numbers of TAMs. In vitro TNFα significantly stimulated growth (p < 0.05) and migration (p < 0.05) of pancreatic cancer cells. TNFα −/− mice survived significantly longer after tumor implantation (p < 0.05), with vagotomy not affecting the prognosis of these animals (p > 0.05). Vagotomy can increase tumor growth and worsen survival in a murine pancreatic cancer model mediated through TAMs and TNFα. Hence, the suppression of TAMs and the modulation of TNFα dependent pathways could offer new perspectives in immunotherapies of pancreatic cancer patients especially with remaining vital tumor cells and lost vagal modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Ivo Partecke
- Department of General, Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Medicine, Greifswald, Germany
| | - André Käding
- Department of General, Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Medicine, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Dung Nguyen Trung
- Department of General, Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Medicine, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Stephan Diedrich
- Department of General, Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Medicine, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Matthias Sendler
- Department of Internal Medicine A, University Medicine, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Frank Weiss
- Department of Internal Medicine A, University Medicine, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Jens-Peter Kühn
- Department of Experimental Radiology, University Medicine, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Julia Mayerle
- Department of Internal Medicine A, University Medicine, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Katharina Beyer
- Department of General, Visceral and Vascular Surgery, Charité-University Medicine, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany (current address)
| | - Wolfram von Bernstorff
- Department of General, Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Medicine, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Claus-Dieter Heidecke
- Department of General, Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Medicine, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Wolfram Keßler
- Department of General, Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Medicine, Greifswald, Germany
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Ghassem-Zadeh S, Gaida MM, Szanyi S, Acha-Orbea H, Frossard JL, Hinz U, Hackert T, Strobel O, Felix K. Distinct pathophysiological cytokine profiles for discrimination between autoimmune pancreatitis, chronic pancreatitis, and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. J Transl Med 2017; 15:126. [PMID: 28578701 PMCID: PMC5457650 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-017-1227-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Discriminating between autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP), chronic pancreatitis (CP), and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) can be challenging. In this retrospective study, levels of serum and tissue cytokines were analyzed as part of the clinical strategy for the preoperative differentiation between AIP and PDAC. The identification of differential cytokine profiles may help to prevent unnecessary surgical resection and allow optimal treatment of these pathologies. METHODS To compare the cytokine profiles of AIP, CP, and PDAC patients, serum and pancreatic tissue homogenates were subjected to multiplex analysis of 17 inflammatory mediators. In total, serum from 73 patients, composed of 29 AIP (14 AIP-1 and 15 AIP-2), 17 CP, and 27 PDAC, and pancreatic tissue from 36 patients, including 12 AIP (six AIP-1 and six AIP-2), 12 CP, and 12 PDAC, were analyzed. RESULTS Comparing AIP and PDAC patients' serum, significantly higher concentrations were found in AIP for interleukins IL-1β, IL-7, IL-13, and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF). G-CSF also allowed discrimination of AIP from CP. Furthermore, once AIP was divided into subtypes, significantly higher serum levels for IL-7 and G-CSF were measured in both subtypes of AIP and in AIP-2 for IL-1β when compared to PDAC. G-CSF and TNF-α were also significantly differentially expressed in tissue homogenates between AIP-2 and PDAC. CONCLUSIONS The cytokines IL-1β, IL-7, and G-CSF can be routinely measured in patients' serum, providing an elegant and non-invasive approach for differential diagnosis. G-CSF is a good candidate to supplement the currently known serum markers in predictive tests for AIP and represents a basis for a combined blood test to differentiate AIP and particularly AIP-2 from PDAC, enhancing the possibility of appropriate treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Ghassem-Zadeh
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 110, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Matthias M. Gaida
- Institute of Pathology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Szilard Szanyi
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 110, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hans Acha-Orbea
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Louis Frossard
- Department of Medical Specialties, Gastroenterology and Hepatology Division, University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ulf Hinz
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 110, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thilo Hackert
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 110, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Oliver Strobel
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 110, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Klaus Felix
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 110, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Beenstock J, Mooshayef N, Engelberg D. How Do Protein Kinases Take a Selfie (Autophosphorylate)? Trends Biochem Sci 2016; 41:938-953. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2016.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2016] [Revised: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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48
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Hall M, Liu H, Malafa M, Centeno B, Hodul PJ, Pimiento J, Pilon-Thomas S, Sarnaik AA. Expansion of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) from human pancreatic tumors. J Immunother Cancer 2016; 4:61. [PMID: 27777771 PMCID: PMC5067894 DOI: 10.1186/s40425-016-0164-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We evaluated whether tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) could be expanded from surgically resected tumors from pancreatic cancer patients. METHODS Tumors were resected from pancreatic cancer patients. Tumors were minced into fragments and cultured in media containing high dose interleukin-2 (IL-2) for up to 6 weeks. T cell phenotype, activation markers, and reactivity were measured. RESULTS TIL expansion was measured in 19 patient samples. The majority of these TIL were CD4+ T cells and were highly activated. Purified CD8+ T cells produced IFN-γ in response to HLA-matched pancreatic tumor targets. PD-1 blockade and 4-1BB stimulation were demonstrated as effective strategies to improve effective TIL yield, including the production of tumor-reactive pancreatic TIL. CONCLUSIONS TIL expanded from pancreatic tumors are functional and able to respond to pancreatic tumor associated antigens. PD-1 blockade, 41BB stimulation, and CD8+ T cell enrichment are effective strategies to improve TIL yield and tumor reactivity. These results support the development of adoptive cell therapy strategies using TIL for the treatment of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- MacLean Hall
- Department of Immunology, H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL USA
| | - Hao Liu
- Department of Immunology, H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL USA
| | - Mokenge Malafa
- Gastrointestinal Oncology Program, H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL USA
| | - Barbara Centeno
- Gastrointestinal Oncology Program, H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL USA
| | - Pamela J Hodul
- Gastrointestinal Oncology Program, H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL USA
| | - José Pimiento
- Gastrointestinal Oncology Program, H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL USA
| | - Shari Pilon-Thomas
- Department of Immunology, H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL USA.,Cutaneous Oncology Program, H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, 10920 N. McKinley Dr, Tampa, FL 33612 USA
| | - Amod A Sarnaik
- Department of Immunology, H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL USA.,Cutaneous Oncology Program, H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, 10920 N. McKinley Dr, Tampa, FL 33612 USA
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Zou X, Blank M. Targeting p38 MAP kinase signaling in cancer through post-translational modifications. Cancer Lett 2016; 384:19-26. [PMID: 27725227 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2016.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Revised: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The p38 MAPK signaling pathway is a key signal transduction cascade that cancer cells employ to sense and adapt to a plethora of environmental stimuli, and has attracted much attention as a promising target for cancer therapy. Accumulating evidence suggests a dual role of p38 signaling in various types of cancers, wherein the p38 pathway can both suppress and promote tumor growth, metastasis and chemoresistance. This dual role of p38 signaling, along with its context dependence and versatility, poses a great challenge for developing efficient anticancer treatment. An increasing number of studies showed that p38 signaling is subject to regulation by a variety of post-translational modifications (PTMs). Recently, large-scale proteomics profilings have identified a large number of PTMs on key components of the p38 pathway. However, the majority of these modifications and their biological significance in cancer remain uncharacterized. In this review, we highlight a series of studies that focus on the PTMs in the p38 cascade landscape, and discuss the complexity and implications of these PTMs in p38 MAPK signaling regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zou
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Cancer Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Michael Blank
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Cancer Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel.
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Xiang J, Zhang Z, Fu R, Ternansky RJ, Gladstone PL, Allan AL, Donate F, Parry G, Juarez J, Mazar AP, Bai X. The discovery of kinase inhibitors by a combination of diversity-oriented synthesis and selective screening. MEDCHEMCOMM 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6md00351f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
An efficient strategy for the discovery of kinase inhibitors by a combination of diversity-oriented synthesis and selective screening was presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinbao Xiang
- The Center for Combinatorial Chemistry and Drug Discovery of Jilin University
- The School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and The College of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun
- PR China
| | - Zhuoqi Zhang
- The Center for Combinatorial Chemistry and Drug Discovery of Jilin University
- The School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and The College of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun
- PR China
| | - Renzhong Fu
- The Center for Combinatorial Chemistry and Drug Discovery of Jilin University
- The School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and The College of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun
- PR China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Xu Bai
- The Center for Combinatorial Chemistry and Drug Discovery of Jilin University
- The School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and The College of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun
- PR China
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