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O'Donoghue L, Smolenski A. Roles of G proteins and their GTPase-activating proteins in platelets. Biosci Rep 2024; 44:BSR20231420. [PMID: 38808367 PMCID: PMC11139668 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20231420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Platelets are small anucleate blood cells supporting vascular function. They circulate in a quiescent state monitoring the vasculature for injuries. Platelets adhere to injury sites and can be rapidly activated to secrete granules and to form platelet/platelet aggregates. These responses are controlled by signalling networks that include G proteins and their regulatory guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) and GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs). Recent proteomics studies have revealed the complete spectrum of G proteins, GEFs, and GAPs present in platelets. Some of these proteins are specific for platelets and very few have been characterised in detail. GEFs and GAPs play a major role in setting local levels of active GTP-bound G proteins in response to activating and inhibitory signals encountered by platelets. Thus, GEFs and GAPs are highly regulated themselves and appear to integrate G protein regulation with other cellular processes. This review focuses on GAPs of small G proteins of the Arf, Rab, Ras, and Rho families, as well as of heterotrimeric G proteins found in platelets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorna O'Donoghue
- UCD School of Medicine, University College Dublin, UCD Conway Institute, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
- Irish Centre for Vascular Biology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St. Stephen’s Green 123, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Albert Smolenski
- UCD School of Medicine, University College Dublin, UCD Conway Institute, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
- Irish Centre for Vascular Biology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St. Stephen’s Green 123, Dublin 2, Ireland
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2
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Lee RH, Rudran T, Bergmeier W. Utility of thromboelastography with platelet mapping (TEG-PM) for monitoring platelet transfusion in qualitative platelet disorders. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.09.593198. [PMID: 38798516 PMCID: PMC11118311 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.09.593198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Patients with pathogenic variants in RASGRP2 (inherited platelet disorder (IPD)-18) have normal platelet counts but show impaired platelet aggregation due to diminished activation of αIIbβ3 integrin. This defect results in moderate to severe bleeding episodes, especially following surgical procedures, which require patients to be transfused with platelets and/or pro-hemostatic agents. We recently demonstrated that the hemostatic efficacy of transfused platelets is limited by dysfunctional endogenous platelets in a mouse model of IPD-18 ( Rasgrp2 -/- mice), as dysfunctional platelets were recruited to the forming hemostatic plug but did not participate in clot contraction. Consequently, higher amounts of transfused platelets were required to outcompete these dysfunctional cells and to reverse bleeding. We here studied the usefulness of thromboelastography with platelet mapping (TEG-PM), a method to evaluate platelet-dependent clot contraction, for ex vivo monitoring of the hemostatic potential in Rasgrp2 -/- mice transfused with various amounts of wild-type (WT) platelets. Rasgrp2 -/- whole blood samples did not contract in TEG-PM, consistent with a critical role of this protein in αIIbβ3 activation. Addition of WT platelets improved TEG parameters (K time, α-angle, MA) in a ratio dependent manner, consistent with our recent in vivo studies showing impaired hemostasis at a 5:1, but not at a 2:1 ratio of mutant to WT platelets. Interestingly, K and α values were identified as better predictors of transfusion efficacy than MA, the most platelet-dependent TEG parameter. In conclusion, this proof-of-concept study supports the use of TEG-PM to monitor platelet transfusion ratios and hemostatic potential in IPD-18 and potentially other platelet disorders.
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Yuan MH, Zhong WX, Wang YL, Liu YS, Song JW, Guo YR, Zeng B, Guo YP, Guo L. Therapeutic effects and molecular mechanisms of natural products in thrombosis. Phytother Res 2024; 38:2128-2153. [PMID: 38400575 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Thrombotic disorders, such as myocardial infarction and stroke, are the leading cause of death in the global population and have become a health problem worldwide. Drug therapy is one of the main antithrombotic strategies, but antithrombotic drugs are not completely safe, especially the risk of bleeding at therapeutic doses. Recently, natural products have received widespread interest due to their significant efficacy and high safety, and an increasing number of studies have demonstrated their antithrombotic activity. In this review, articles from databases, such as Web of Science, PubMed, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure, were filtered and the relevant information was extracted according to predefined criteria. As a result, more than 100 natural products with significant antithrombotic activity were identified, including flavonoids, phenylpropanoids, quinones, terpenoids, steroids, and alkaloids. These compounds exert antithrombotic effects by inhibiting platelet activation, suppressing the coagulation cascade, and promoting fibrinolysis. In addition, several natural products also inhibit thrombosis by regulating miRNA expression, anti-inflammatory, and other pathways. This review systematically summarizes the natural products with antithrombotic activity, including their therapeutic effects, mechanisms, and clinical applications, aiming to provide a reference for the development of new antithrombotic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Hao Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Wen-Xiao Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu-Lu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu-Shi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jia-Wen Song
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu-Rou Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Bin Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi-Ping Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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4
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Fernández-Infante C, Hernández-Cano L, Herranz Ó, Berrocal P, Sicilia-Navarro C, González-Porras JR, Bastida JM, Porras A, Guerrero C. Platelet C3G: a key player in vesicle exocytosis, spreading and clot retraction. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:84. [PMID: 38345631 PMCID: PMC10861696 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-05109-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
C3G is a Rap1 GEF that plays a pivotal role in platelet-mediated processes such as angiogenesis, tumor growth, and metastasis by modulating the platelet secretome. Here, we explore the mechanisms through which C3G governs platelet secretion. For this, we utilized animal models featuring either overexpression or deletion of C3G in platelets, as well as PC12 cell clones expressing C3G mutants. We found that C3G specifically regulates α-granule secretion via PKCδ, but it does not affect δ-granules or lysosomes. C3G activated RalA through a GEF-dependent mechanism, facilitating vesicle docking, while interfering with the formation of the trans-SNARE complex, thereby restricting vesicle fusion. Furthermore, C3G promotes the formation of lamellipodia during platelet spreading on specific substrates by enhancing actin polymerization via Src and Rac1-Arp2/3 pathways, but not Rap1. Consequently, C3G deletion in platelets favored kiss-and-run exocytosis. C3G also controlled granule secretion in PC12 cells, including pore formation. Additionally, C3G-deficient platelets exhibited reduced phosphatidylserine exposure, resulting in decreased thrombin generation, which along with defective actin polymerization and spreading, led to impaired clot retraction. In summary, platelet C3G plays a dual role by facilitating platelet spreading and clot retraction through the promotion of outside-in signaling while concurrently downregulating α-granule secretion by restricting granule fusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Fernández-Infante
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (IMBCC), USAL-CSIC, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, Campus Unamuno S/N, Salamanca, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
- Departamento de Medicina, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Luis Hernández-Cano
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (IMBCC), USAL-CSIC, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, Campus Unamuno S/N, Salamanca, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
- Departamento de Medicina, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Óscar Herranz
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (IMBCC), USAL-CSIC, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, Campus Unamuno S/N, Salamanca, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
- Departamento de Medicina, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Pablo Berrocal
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (IMBCC), USAL-CSIC, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, Campus Unamuno S/N, Salamanca, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
- Departamento de Medicina, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Carmen Sicilia-Navarro
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (IMBCC), USAL-CSIC, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, Campus Unamuno S/N, Salamanca, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
- Departamento de Medicina, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - José Ramón González-Porras
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
- Departamento de Medicina, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- Servicio de Hematología, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - José María Bastida
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
- Departamento de Medicina, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- Servicio de Hematología, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Almudena Porras
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, Madrid, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Carmen Guerrero
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (IMBCC), USAL-CSIC, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, Campus Unamuno S/N, Salamanca, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain.
- Departamento de Medicina, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.
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5
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Pan D, Ladds G, Rahman KM, Pitchford SC. Exploring bias in platelet P2Y 1 signalling: Host defence versus haemostasis. Br J Pharmacol 2024; 181:580-592. [PMID: 37442808 PMCID: PMC10952580 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelets are necessary for maintaining haemostasis. Separately, platelets are important for the propagation of inflammation during the host immune response against infection. The activation of platelets also causes inappropriate inflammation in various disease pathologies, often in the absence of changes to haemostasis. The separate functions of platelets during inflammation compared with haemostasis are therefore varied and this will be reflected in distinct pathways of activation. The activation of platelets by the nucleotide adenosine diphosphate (ADP) acting on P2Y1 and P2Y12 receptors is important for the development of platelet thrombi during haemostasis. However, P2Y1 stimulation of platelets is also important during the inflammatory response and paradoxically in scenarios where no changes to haemostasis and platelet aggregation occur. In these events, Rho-GTPase signalling, rather than the canonical phospholipase Cβ (PLCβ) signalling pathway, is necessary. We describe our current understanding of these differences, reflecting on recent advances in knowledge of P2Y1 structure, and the possibility of biased agonism occurring from activation via other endogenous nucleotides compared with ADP. Knowledge arising from these different pathways of P2Y1 stimulation of platelets during inflammation compared with haemostasis may help therapeutic control of platelet function during inflammation or infection, while preserving essential haemostasis. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed issue on Platelet purinergic receptor and non-thrombotic disease. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v181.4/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingxin Pan
- Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical ScienceKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Graham Ladds
- Department of PharmacologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Khondaker Miraz Rahman
- Chemical Biology Group, Institute of Pharmaceutical ScienceKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Simon C. Pitchford
- Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical ScienceKing's College LondonLondonUK
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6
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Agarwal H, Tinsley B, Sarecha AK, Ozcan L. Rap1 in the Context of PCSK9, Atherosclerosis, and Diabetes. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2023; 25:931-937. [PMID: 37979063 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-023-01162-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The focus of this article is to highlight the importance of the small GTPase, Ras-associated protein 1 (Rap1), in proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) regulation and atherosclerosis and type 2 diabetes etiology and discuss the potential therapeutic implications of targeting Rap1 in these disease areas. REVIEW FINDINGS Cardiometabolic disease characterized by obesity, glucose intolerance, dyslipidemia, and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease remain an important cause of mortality. Evidence using mouse models of obesity and insulin resistance indicates that Rap1 deficiency increases proatherogenic PCSK9 and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and predisposes these mice to develop obesity- and statin-induced hyperglycemia, which highlights Rap1's role in cardiometabolic dysfunction. Rap1 may also contribute to cardiovascular disease through its effects on vascular wall cells involved in the atherosclerosis progression. Rap1 activation, specifically in the liver, could be beneficial in the prevention of cardiometabolic perturbations, including type 2 diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heena Agarwal
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Brea Tinsley
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Amesh K Sarecha
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Lale Ozcan
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
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Lee RH, Rocco DJ, Nieswandt B, Bergmeier W. The CalDAG-GEFI/Rap1/αIIbβ3 axis minimally contributes to accelerated platelet clearance in mice with constitutive store-operated calcium entry. Platelets 2023; 34:2157383. [PMID: 36683325 PMCID: PMC10032033 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2022.2157383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Circulating platelets maintain low cytosolic Ca2+ concentrations. At sites of vascular injury, agonist-induced Ca2+ release from platelet intracellular stores triggers influx of extracellular Ca2+, a process known as store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE). Stromal interaction molecule 1 (Stim1) senses reduced Ca2+ stores and triggers SOCE. Gain-of-function (GOF) mutations in Stim1, such as described for Stormorken syndrome patients or mutant mice (Stim1Sax), are associated with marked thrombocytopenia and increased platelet turnover. We hypothesized that reduced platelet survival in Stim1Sax/+ mice is due to increased Rap1/integrin signaling and platelet clearance in the spleen, similar to what we recently described for mice expressing a mutant version of the Rap1-GAP, Rasa3 (Rasa3hlb/hlb). Stim1Sax/+ mice were crossed with mice deficient in CalDAG-GEFI, a critical calcium-regulated Rap1-GEF in platelets. In contrast to Rasa3hlb/hlb x Caldaggef1-/- mice, only a small increase in the peripheral platelet count, but not platelet lifespan, was observed in Stim1Sax/+ x Caldaggef1-/- mice. Similarly, inhibition of αIIbβ3 integrin in vivo only minimally raised the peripheral platelet count in Stim1Sax/+ mice. Compared to controls, Stim1Sax/+ mice exhibited increased platelet accumulation in the lung, but not the spleen or liver. These results suggest that CalDAG-GEFI/Rap1/integrin signaling contributes only minimally to accelerated platelet turnover caused by constitutive SOCE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert H Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- UNC Blood Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - David J Rocco
- UNC Blood Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Bernhard Nieswandt
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine I, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Rudolf Virchow Center, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Bergmeier
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- UNC Blood Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
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Fernandez DI, Provenzale I, Canault M, Fels S, Lenz A, Andresen F, Krümpel A, Dupuis A, Heemskerk JWM, Boeckelmann D, Zieger B. High-throughput microfluidic blood testing to phenotype genetically linked platelet disorders: an aid to diagnosis. Blood Adv 2023; 7:6163-6177. [PMID: 37389831 PMCID: PMC10582840 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2023009860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Linking the genetic background of patients with bleeding diathesis and altered platelet function remains challenging. We aimed to assess how a multiparameter microspot-based measurement of thrombus formation under flow can help identify patients with a platelet bleeding disorder. For this purpose, we studied 16 patients presenting with bleeding and/or albinism and suspected platelet dysfunction and 15 relatives. Genotyping of patients revealed a novel biallelic pathogenic variant in RASGRP2 (splice site c.240-1G>A), abrogating CalDAG-GEFI expression, compound heterozygosity (c.537del, c.571A>T) in P2RY12, affecting P2Y12 signaling, and heterozygous variants of unknown significance in the P2RY12 and HPS3 genes. Other patients were confirmed to have Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome type 1 or 3. In 5 patients, no genetic variant was found. Platelet functions were assessed via routine laboratory measurements. Blood samples from all subjects and day controls were screened for blood cell counts and microfluidic outcomes on 6 surfaces (48 parameters) in comparison with those of a reference cohort of healthy subjects. Differential analysis of the microfluidic data showed that the key parameters of thrombus formation were compromised in the 16 index patients. Principal component analysis revealed separate clusters of patients vs heterozygous family members and control subjects. Clusters were further segregated based on inclusion of hematologic values and laboratory measurements. Subject ranking indicated an overall impairment in thrombus formation in patients carrying a (likely) pathogenic variant of the genes but not in asymptomatic relatives. Taken together, our results indicate the advantages of testing for multiparametric thrombus formation in this patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delia I. Fernandez
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Platelet Proteomics Group, Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Isabella Provenzale
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Matthias Canault
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR_INRA 1260, Faculté de Medecine, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Salome Fels
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Antonia Lenz
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Felicia Andresen
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Anne Krümpel
- Practice for Pediatric and Youth Medicine, Wettringen, Germany
| | - Arnaud Dupuis
- Université de Strasbourg, Etablissement Français du Sang Grand Est, UMR_S 1255, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Johan W. M. Heemskerk
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Synapse Research Institute, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Doris Boeckelmann
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Barbara Zieger
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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9
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Rudran T, Antoniak S, Flick MJ, Ginsberg MH, Wolberg AS, Bergmeier W, Lee RH. Protease-activated receptors and glycoprotein VI cooperatively drive the platelet component in thromboelastography. J Thromb Haemost 2023; 21:2236-2247. [PMID: 37068592 PMCID: PMC10824270 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtha.2023.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thromboelastography (TEG) is used for real-time determination of hemostatic status in patients with acute risk of bleeding. Thrombin is thought to drive clotting in TEG through generation of polymerized fibrin and activation of platelets through protease-activated receptors (PARs). However, the specific role of platelet agonist receptors and signaling in TEG has not been reported. OBJECTIVES Here, we investigated the specific receptors and signaling pathways required for platelet function in TEG using genetic and pharmacologic inhibition of platelet proteins in mouse and human blood samples. METHODS Clotting parameters (R time, α-angle [α], and maximum amplitude [MA]), were determined in recalcified, kaolin-triggered citrated blood samples using a TEG 5000 analyzer. RESULTS We confirmed the requirement of platelets, platelet contraction, and αIIbβ3 integrin function for normal α and MA. Loss of the integrin adaptor Talin1 in megakaryocytes/platelets (Talin1mKO) also reduced α and MA, but only minimal defects were observed in samples from mice lacking Rap1 GTPase signaling. PAR4mKO samples showed impaired α but normal MA. However, impaired TEG traces similar to those in platelet-depleted samples were observed with samples from PAR4mKO mice depleted of glycoprotein VI on platelets or with addition of a Syk inhibitor. We reproduced these results in human blood with combined inhibition of PAR1, PAR4, and Syk. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate that standard TEG is not sensitive to platelet signaling pathways critical for integrin inside-out activation and platelet hemostatic function. Furthermore, we provide the first evidence that PARs and glycoprotein VI play redundant roles in platelet-mediated clot contraction in TEG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanvi Rudran
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Silvio Antoniak
- UNC Blood Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Matthew J Flick
- UNC Blood Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Mark H Ginsberg
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Alisa S Wolberg
- UNC Blood Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Wolfgang Bergmeier
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA; UNC Blood Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Robert H Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA; UNC Blood Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.
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10
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Horitani S, Ueda Y, Kamioka Y, Kondo N, Ikeda Y, Naganuma M, Kinashi T. The critical role of Rap1-GAPs Rasa3 and Sipa1 in T cells for pulmonary transit and egress from the lymph nodes. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1234747. [PMID: 37545505 PMCID: PMC10399222 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1234747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Rap1-GTPase activates integrins and plays an indispensable role in lymphocyte trafficking, but the importance of Rap1 inactivation in this process remains unknown. Here we identified the Rap1-inactivating proteins Rasa3 and Sipa1 as critical regulators of lymphocyte trafficking. The loss of Rasa3 and Sipa1 in T cells induced spontaneous Rap1 activation and adhesion. As a consequence, T cells deficient in Rasa3 and Sipa1 were trapped in the lung due to firm attachment to capillary beds, while administration of LFA1 antibodies or loss of talin1 or Rap1 rescued lung sequestration. Unexpectedly, mutant T cells exhibited normal extravasation into lymph nodes, fast interstitial migration, even greater chemotactic responses to chemokines and sphingosine-1-phosphate, and entrance into lymphatic sinuses but severely delayed exit: mutant T cells retained high motility in lymphatic sinuses and frequently returned to the lymph node parenchyma, resulting in defective egress. These results reveal the critical trafficking processes that require Rap1 inactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Horitani
- The Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Biomedical Science, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Japan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, the Third Department of Internal Medicine, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Ueda
- The Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Biomedical Science, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Japan
| | - Yuji Kamioka
- The Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Biomedical Science, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Kondo
- The Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Biomedical Science, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Ikeda
- The Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Biomedical Science, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Japan
| | - Makoto Naganuma
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, the Third Department of Internal Medicine, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Kinashi
- The Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Biomedical Science, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Japan
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11
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Paul DS, Blatt TN, Schug WJ, Clark EG, Kawano T, Mackman N, Murcia S, Poe KO, Mwiza JMN, Harden TK, Bergmeier W, Nicholas RA. Loss of P2Y 1 receptor desensitization does not impact hemostasis or thrombosis despite increased platelet reactivity in vitro. J Thromb Haemost 2023; 21:1891-1902. [PMID: 36958516 PMCID: PMC10809801 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtha.2023.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The hemostatic plug formation at sites of vascular injury is strongly dependent on rapid platelet activation and integrin-mediated adhesion and aggregation. However, to prevent thrombotic complications, platelet aggregate formation must be a self-limiting process. The second-wave mediator adenosine diphosphate (ADP) activates platelets via Gq-coupled P2Y1 and Gi-coupled P2Y12 receptors. After ADP exposure, the P2Y1 receptor undergoes rapid phosphorylation-induced desensitization, a negative feedback mechanism believed to be critical for limiting thrombus growth. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to examine the role of rapid P2Y1 receptor desensitization on platelet function and thrombus formation in vivo. METHODS We analyzed a novel knock-in mouse strain expressing a P2Y1 receptor variant that cannot be phosphorylated beyond residue 340 (P2Y1340-0P), thereby preventing the desensitization of the receptor. RESULTS P2Y1340-0P mice followed a Mendelian inheritance pattern, and peripheral platelet counts were comparable between P2Y1340-0P/340-0P and control mice. In vitro, P2Y1340-0P/340-0P platelets were hyperreactive to ADP, showed a robust activation response to the P2Y1 receptor-selective agonist, MRS2365, and did not desensitize in response to repeated ADP challenge. We observed increased calcium mobilization, protein kinase C substrate phosphorylation, alpha granule release, activation of the small GTPase Rap1, and integrin inside-out activation/aggregation. This hyperreactivity, however, did not lead to increased platelet adhesion or excessive plug formation under physiological shear conditions. CONCLUSION Our studies demonstrate that receptor phosphorylation at the C-terminus is critical for P2Y1 receptor desensitization in platelets and that impaired desensitization leads to increased P2Y1 receptor signaling in vitro. Surprisingly, desensitization of the P2Y1 receptor is not required for limiting platelet adhesion/aggregation at sites of vascular injury, likely because ADP is degraded quickly or washed away in the bloodstream.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Paul
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; UNC Blood Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA. https://twitter.com/David_S_Paul
| | - Tasha N Blatt
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Wyatt J Schug
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; UNC Blood Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Emily G Clark
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; UNC Blood Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Tomohiro Kawano
- UNC Blood Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Nigel Mackman
- UNC Blood Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Sebastian Murcia
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kathryn O Poe
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; UNC Blood Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jean Marie N Mwiza
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; UNC Blood Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - T Kendall Harden
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Wolfgang Bergmeier
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; UNC Blood Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Robert A Nicholas
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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12
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Kamioka Y, Ueda Y, Kondo N, Tokuhiro K, Ikeda Y, Bergmeier W, Kinashi T. Distinct bidirectional regulation of LFA1 and α4β7 by Rap1 and integrin adaptors in T cells under shear flow. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112580. [PMID: 37267105 PMCID: PMC10592472 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Bidirectional control of integrin activation plays crucial roles in cell adhesive behaviors, but how integrins are specifically regulated by inside-out and outside-in signaling has not been fully understood. Here, we report distinct bidirectional regulation of major lymphocyte homing receptors LFA1 and α4β7 in primary T cells. A small increase of Rap1 activation in L-selectin-mediated tether/rolling was boosted by the outside-in signaling from ICAM1-interacting LFA1 through subsecond, simultaneous activation of Rap1 GTPase and talin1, but not kindlin-3, resulting in increased capture and slowing. In contrast, none of them were required for tether/rolling by α4β7 on MAdCAM1. High Rap1 activation with chemokines or the loss of Rap1-inactivating proteins Rasa3 and Sipa1 increased talin1/kindlin-3-dependent arrest with high-affinity binding of LFA1 to membrane-anchored ICAM1. However, despite increased affinity of α4β7, activated Rap1 severely suppressed adhesion on MAdCAM1 under shear flow, indicating the critical importance of a sequential outside-in/inside-out signaling for α4β7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Kamioka
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Biomedical Science, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Ueda
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Biomedical Science, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Kondo
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Biomedical Science, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Keizo Tokuhiro
- Department of Genome Editing, Institute of Biomedical Science, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Ikeda
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Biomedical Science, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Wolfgang Bergmeier
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Blood Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Tatsuo Kinashi
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Biomedical Science, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan.
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13
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Rodríguez-Blázquez A, Carabias A, Morán-Vaquero A, de Cima S, Luque-Ortega JR, Alfonso C, Schuck P, Manso JA, Macedo-Ribeiro S, Guerrero C, de Pereda JM. Crk proteins activate the Rap1 guanine nucleotide exchange factor C3G by segregated adaptor-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:30. [PMID: 36737758 PMCID: PMC9896810 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01042-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND C3G is a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) that activates Rap1 to promote cell adhesion. Resting C3G is autoinhibited and the GEF activity is released by stimuli that signal through tyrosine kinases. C3G is activated by tyrosine phosphorylation and interaction with Crk adaptor proteins, whose expression is elevated in multiple human cancers. However, the molecular details of C3G activation and the interplay between phosphorylation and Crk interaction are poorly understood. METHODS We combined biochemical, biophysical, and cell biology approaches to elucidate the mechanisms of C3G activation. Binding of Crk adaptor proteins to four proline-rich motifs (P1 to P4) in C3G was characterized in vitro using isothermal titration calorimetry and sedimentation velocity, and in Jurkat and HEK293T cells by affinity pull-down assays. The nucleotide exchange activity of C3G over Rap1 was measured using nucleotide-dissociation kinetic assays. Jurkat cells were also used to analyze C3G translocation to the plasma membrane and the C3G-dependent activation of Rap1 upon ligation of T cell receptors. RESULTS CrkL interacts through its SH3N domain with sites P1 and P2 of inactive C3G in vitro and in Jurkat and HEK293T cells, and these sites are necessary to recruit C3G to the plasma membrane. However, direct stimulation of the GEF activity requires binding of Crk proteins to the P3 and P4 sites. P3 is occluded in resting C3G and is essential for activation, while P4 contributes secondarily towards complete stimulation. Tyrosine phosphorylation of C3G alone causes marginal activation. Instead, phosphorylation primes C3G lowering the concentration of Crk proteins required for activation and increasing the maximum activity. Unexpectedly, optimal activation also requires the interaction of CrkL-SH2 domain with phosphorylated C3G. CONCLUSION Our study revealed that phosphorylation of C3G by Src and Crk-binding form a two-factor mechanism that ensures tight control of C3G activation. Additionally, the simultaneous SH2 and SH3N interaction of CrkL with C3G, required for the activation, reveals a novel adaptor-independent function of Crk proteins relevant to understanding their role in physiological signaling and their deregulation in diseases. Video abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Rodríguez-Blázquez
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer and Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad de Salamanca, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Arturo Carabias
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer and Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad de Salamanca, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
- Structural Molecular Biology Group, Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3-B, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Alba Morán-Vaquero
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer and Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad de Salamanca, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Sergio de Cima
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer and Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad de Salamanca, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Juan R Luque-Ortega
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Alfonso
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Peter Schuck
- Laboratory of Dynamics of Macromolecular Assembly, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - José Antonio Manso
- IBMC-Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sandra Macedo-Ribeiro
- IBMC-Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carmen Guerrero
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer and Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad de Salamanca, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
- Departamento de Medicina, Universidad de Salamanca, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
| | - José M de Pereda
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer and Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad de Salamanca, 37007, Salamanca, Spain.
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14
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Liu Y, Ouyang Y, Feng Z, Jiang Z, Ma J, Zhou X, Cai C, Han Y, Zeng S, Liu S, Shen H. RASGRP2 is a potential immune-related biomarker and regulates mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis in lung adenocarcinoma. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1100231. [PMID: 36817422 PMCID: PMC9936229 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1100231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ras guanine nucleotide-releasing protein 2 (RASGRP2), one of the guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs), has attracted much attention in recent years. However, the correlation between RASGRP2 and immune infiltration and malignant features in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) has rarely been mentioned. Methods The Limma package and the LASSO regression model were performed to screen for differentially expressed genes. Data from the TCGA and 5 GEO databases were used to explore the expression level of RASGRP2 in LUAD patients. A weighted co-expression network and LinkFinder module were established to find the related genes of RASGRP2. The ESTIMATE algorithm was used to analyze the correlation between RASGRP2 and immune infiltration in LUAD. Tumor-infiltrating immune cells were sorted and sequenced at the single-cell level to analyze differences in RASGRP2. Real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry were performed in the real-world cohort to verify the expression of RASGRP2 and its correlation with immune-related genes. Clone formation and EdU assays were used to verify the proliferation ability. The proportion of apoptotic cells was analyzed by flow cytometry. Observation of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) changes by fluorescence microscopy. Results Our results suggested that decreased RASGRP2 was associated with worse clinical parameters and prognosis in LUAD patients. And we constructed a FLI1-HSA-miR-1976-RASGRP2 transcriptional network to support the role of RASGRP2. Enrichment analysis revealed that RASGRP2 was involved in lymphocyte activation and leukocyte adhesion. RASGRP2 was found to be positively correlated with the infiltration of most immune cells, immunoregulators, and chemokines in a subsequent study. Meanwhile, the real-world cohort confirmed that the expression levels of PDCD1, CTLA4, CD40LG, CCL14, CXCR5, and CCR7 were higher in the high-RASGRP2 expression group. Cytological experiments proved that RASGRP2 inhibited cell proliferation in LUAD by regulating mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis. Conclusion RASGRP2 was a potential immune-related biomarker of LUAD. In addition, RASGRP2 was involved in the malignant progression of LUAD through the regulation of mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongting Liu
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yanhong Ouyang
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Department of Emergency, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Ziyang Feng
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhaohui Jiang
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jiayao Ma
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Changjing Cai
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ying Han
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shan Zeng
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shanshan Liu
- Department of Radiotherapy, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Hong Shen
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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15
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Influence of genetic polymorphisms in P2Y12 receptor signaling pathway on antiplatelet response to clopidogrel in coronary heart disease. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2022; 22:575. [PMID: 36581799 PMCID: PMC9801627 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-022-02988-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS Remarkable interindividual variability in clopidogrel response is observed, genetic polymorphisms in P2RY12 and its signal pathway is supposed to affect clopidogrel response in CHD patients. METHODS 539 CHD patients treated with clopidogrel were recruited. The platelet reaction index (PRI) indicated by VASP-P level were detected in 12-24 h after clopidogrel loading dose or within 5-7 days after initiation of maintain dose clopidogrel. A total of 13 SNPs in relevant genes were genotyped in sample A (239 CHD patients). The SNPs which have significant differences in PRI will be validated in another sample (sample B, 300 CHD patients). RESULTS CYP2C19*2 increased the risk of clopidogrel resistance significantly. When CYP2C19*2 and CYP2C19*3 were considered, CYP2C19 loss of function (LOF) alleles were associated with more obviously increased the risk of clopidogrel resistance; P2RY12 rs6809699C > A polymorphism was also associated with increased risk of clopidogrel resistance (AA vs CC: P = 0.0398). This difference still existed after stratification by CYP2C19 genotypes. It was also validated in sample B. The association was also still significant even in the case of stratification by CYP2C19 genotypes in all patients (sample A + B). CONCLUSION Our data suggest that P2RY12 rs6809699 is associated with clopidogrel resistance in CHD patients. Meanwhile, the rs6809699 AA genotype can increase on-treatment platelet activity independent of CYP2C19 LOF polymorphisms.
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16
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Dangelmaier C, Kunapuli SP. Evidence for a PI3-kinase independent pathway in the regulation of Rap1b activation downstream of the P2Y12 receptor in platelets. Platelets 2022; 33:1301-1306. [PMID: 35514261 PMCID: PMC9547944 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2022.2071855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Platelet activation by adenosine diphosphate (ADP) is mediated through two G-protein-coupled receptors, P2Y1 and P2Y12, which signal through Gq and Gi, respectively. P2Y1 stimulation leads to phospholipase C activation and an increase in cytosolic calcium necessary for CalDAG-GEF1 activation. Engagement of P2Y12 inhibits adenylate cyclase, which reduces cAMP, and activation of PI3-kinase, which inhibits RASA3 resulting in sustained activated Rap1b. In this study we activated human platelets with 2-MeSADP in the presence of LY294002, a PI3-kinase inhibitor, AR-C69931MX, a P2Y12 antagonist or MRS2179, a P2Y1 antagonist. We measured the phosphorylation of Akt on Ser473 as an indicator of PI3-kinase activity. As previously shown, LY294002 and ARC69931MX abolished 2MeSADP-induced Akt phosphorylation. MRS2179 reduced ADP-induced Akt phosphorylation but did not abolish it. Rap1b activation, however, was only reduced, but not ablated, using LY294002 and was completely inhibited by ARC69931MX or MRS2179. Furthermore, 2MeSADP-induced Rap1b activation was abolished in either P2Y1 or P2Y12 null platelets. These data suggest that ADP-induced Rap1b activation requires both P2Y1 and P2Y12. In addition, although stimulation of P2Y12 results in PI3-kinase activation leading to Akt phosphorylation and Rap1b activation, Rap1b activation can occur independently of PI3-kinase downstream of P2Y12. Thus, we propose that the P2Y12 receptor can regulate Rap1b, possibly through RASA3, in a pathway independent of PI3-kinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol Dangelmaier
- Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center and the Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Satya P Kunapuli
- Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center and the Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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17
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Reversible Platelet Integrin αIIbβ3 Activation and Thrombus Instability. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012512. [PMID: 36293367 PMCID: PMC9604507 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrin αIIbβ3 activation is essential for platelet aggregation and, accordingly, for hemostasis and arterial thrombosis. The αIIbβ3 integrin is highly expressed on platelets and requires an activation step for binding to fibrinogen, fibrin or von Willebrand factor (VWF). A current model assumes that the process of integrin activation relies on actomyosin force-dependent molecular changes from a bent-closed and extended-closed to an extended-open conformation. In this paper we review the pathways that point to a functional reversibility of platelet αIIbβ3 activation and transient aggregation. Furthermore, we refer to mouse models indicating that genetic defects that lead to reversible platelet aggregation can also cause instable thrombus formation. We discuss the platelet agonists and signaling pathways that lead to a transient binding of ligands to integrin αIIbβ3. Our analysis points to the (autocrine) ADP P2Y1 and P2Y12 receptor signaling via phosphoinositide 3-kinases and Akt as principal pathways linked to reversible integrin activation. Downstream signaling events by protein kinase C, CalDAG-GEFI and Rap1b have not been linked to transient integrin activation. Insight into the functional reversibility of integrin activation pathways will help to better understand the effects of antiplatelet agents.
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18
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Zhou RS, Zhao JZ, Guo LM, Guo JL, Makawy AE, Li ZY, Lee SC. The novel antitumor compound clinopodiside A induces cytotoxicity via autophagy mediated by the signaling of BLK and RasGRP2 in T24 bladder cancer cells. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:982860. [PMID: 36199691 PMCID: PMC9527273 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.982860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the study, we investigated the anti-cancer effect of clinopodiside A and the underlying mechanisms using T24 bladder cancer cells as an experimental model. We found that the compound inhibited the growth of the bladder cancer cells in vitro and in vivo in a in a concentration- and dose-dependent manner, respectively, which showed a combinational effect when used together with cisplatin. In the bladder cancer cells, clinopodiside A caused autophagy, which was mediated by the signaling of BLK and RasGRP2, independently. Inhibition of the autophagy by chemical inhibitor 3-methyladenine or by the inhibition of the signaling molecules attenuated the cytotoxicity of clinopodiside A. Further analyses showed that clinopodiside A acted in synergism with cisplatin which itself could trigger both autophagy and apoptosis, which occurred with concomitant enhancements in autophagy and the cisplatin-evoked apoptosis. In conclusion, our results suggest that clinopodiside A inhibits the growth of the bladder cancer cells via BLK- and RasGRP2-mediated autophagy. The synergistic effect between clinopodiside A and cisplatin is attributed to the increases in autophagy and autophagy-promoted apoptosis. Clinopodiside A is a promising investigational drug for the treatment of cancer, at least blabber, which can be used alone or in combination with clinical drug(s).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Sheng Zhou
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Urology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ji Zhong Zhao
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | | | - Jia Li Guo
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Aida El Makawy
- Cell Biology Department, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Egypt
| | - Zong Yun Li
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- *Correspondence: Zong Yun Li, ; Shao Chin Lee,
| | - Shao Chin Lee
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- *Correspondence: Zong Yun Li, ; Shao Chin Lee,
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19
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Molecular mechanisms of leukocyte β2 integrin activation. Blood 2022; 139:3480-3492. [PMID: 35167661 PMCID: PMC10082358 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2021013500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrins are transmembrane receptors that mediate cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix adhesion. Although all integrins can undergo activation (affinity change for ligands), the degree of activation is most spectacular for integrins on blood cells. The β2 integrins are exclusively expressed on the surface of all leukocytes including neutrophils, lymphocytes, and monocytes. They are essential for many leukocyte functions and are strictly required for neutrophil arrest from rolling. The inside-out integrin activation process receives input from chemokine receptors and adhesion molecules. The integrin activation pathway involves many cytoplasmic signaling molecules such as spleen tyrosine kinase, other kinases like Bruton's tyrosine kinase, phosphoinositide 3-kinases, phospholipases, Rap1 GTPases, and the Rap1-GTP-interacting adapter molecule. These signaling events ultimately converge on talin-1 and kindlin-3, which bind to the integrin β cytoplasmic domain and induce integrin conformational changes: extension and high affinity for ligand. Here, we review recent structural and functional insights into how talin-1 and kindlin-3 enable integrin activation, with a focus on the distal signaling components that trigger β2 integrin conformational changes and leukocyte adhesion under flow.
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20
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Sun H, Lagarrigue F, Ginsberg MH. The Connection Between Rap1 and Talin1 in the Activation of Integrins in Blood Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:908622. [PMID: 35721481 PMCID: PMC9198492 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.908622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Integrins regulate the adhesion and migration of blood cells to ensure the proper positioning of these cells in the environment. Integrins detect physical and chemical stimuli in the extracellular matrix and regulate signaling pathways in blood cells that mediate their functions. Integrins are usually in a resting state in blood cells until agonist stimulation results in a high-affinity conformation ("integrin activation"), which is central to integrins' contribution to blood cells' trafficking and functions. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms of integrin activation in blood cells with a focus on recent advances understanding of mechanisms whereby Rap1 regulates talin1-integrin interaction to trigger integrin activation in lymphocytes, platelets, and neutrophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Sun
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Frederic Lagarrigue
- Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Mark H. Ginsberg
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
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21
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LFA1 Activation: Insights from a Single-Molecule Approach. Cells 2022; 11:cells11111751. [PMID: 35681446 PMCID: PMC9179313 DOI: 10.3390/cells11111751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Integrin LFA1 is a cell adhesion receptor expressed exclusively in leukocytes, and plays crucial roles in lymphocyte trafficking, antigen recognition, and effector functions. Since the discovery that the adhesiveness of LFA1 can be dynamically changed upon stimulation, one challenge has been understanding how integrins are regulated by inside-out signaling coupled with macromolecular conformational changes, as well as ligand bindings that transduce signals from the extracellular domain to the cytoplasm in outside-in signaling. The small GTPase Rap1 and integrin adaptor proteins talin1 and kindlin-3 have been recognized as critical molecules for integrin activation. However, their cooperative regulation of integrin adhesiveness in lymphocytes requires further research. Recent advances in single-molecule imaging techniques have revealed dynamic molecular processes in real-time and provided insight into integrin activation in cellular environments. This review summarizes integrin regulation and discusses new findings regarding the bidirectionality of LFA1 activation and signaling processes in lymphocytes.
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22
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Lee RH, Ghalloussi D, Harousseau GL, Kenny JP, Kramer PA, Proamer F, Nieswandt B, Flick MJ, Gachet C, Casari C, Eckly A, Bergmeier W. Rasa3 deficiency minimally affects thrombopoiesis but promotes severe thrombocytopenia due to integrin-dependent platelet clearance. JCI Insight 2022; 7:e155676. [PMID: 35290242 PMCID: PMC9089782 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.155676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelet homeostasis is dependent on a tight regulation of both platelet production and clearance. The small GTPase Rap1 mediates platelet adhesion and hemostatic plug formation. However, Rap1 signaling is also critical for platelet homeostasis as both Rap1 deficiency and uninhibited Rap1 signaling lead to marked thrombocytopenia in mice. Here, we investigated the mechanism by which deficiency in Rasa3, a critical negative regulator of Rap1, causes macrothrombocytopenia in mice. Despite marked morphological and ultrastructural abnormalities, megakaryocytes in hypomorphic Rasa3hlb/hlb (R3hlb/hlb) or Rasa3-/- mice demonstrated robust proplatelet formation in vivo, suggesting that defective thrombopoiesis is not the main cause of thrombocytopenia. Rather, we observed that R3hlb/hlb platelets became trapped in the spleen marginal zone/red pulp interface, with evidence of platelet phagocytosis by macrophages. Clearance of mutant platelets was also observed in the liver, especially in splenectomized mice. Platelet count and platelet life span in Rasa3-mutant mice were restored by genetic or pharmacological approaches to inhibit the Rap1/talin1/αIIbβ3 integrin axis. A similar pattern of splenic clearance was observed in mice injected with anti-αIIbβ3 but not anti-glycoprotein Ibα platelet-depleting antibodies. In summary, we describe a potentially novel, integrin-based mechanism of platelet clearance that could be critical for our understanding of select inherited and acquired thrombocytopenias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert H. Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics and
- Blood Research Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Dorsaf Ghalloussi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics and
- Blood Research Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | | | | | | | - Fabienne Proamer
- Université de Strasbourg, INSERM, EFS Grand Est, BPPS UMR-S 1255, FMTS, F-67065 Strasbourg, France
| | - Bernhard Nieswandt
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine I, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Rudolf Virchow Center, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Matthew J. Flick
- Blood Research Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Christian Gachet
- Université de Strasbourg, INSERM, EFS Grand Est, BPPS UMR-S 1255, FMTS, F-67065 Strasbourg, France
| | - Caterina Casari
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics and
- HITh, UMR_S1176, INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Anita Eckly
- Université de Strasbourg, INSERM, EFS Grand Est, BPPS UMR-S 1255, FMTS, F-67065 Strasbourg, France
| | - Wolfgang Bergmeier
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics and
- Blood Research Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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23
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Khan A, Ni W, Baltazar T, Lopez-Giraldez F, Pober JS, Pierce RW. ArhGEF12 activates Rap1A and not RhoA in human dermal microvascular endothelial cells to reduce tumor necrosis factor-induced leak. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22254. [PMID: 35294066 PMCID: PMC9103844 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202101873rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Overwhelming inflammation in the setting of acute critical illness induces capillary leak resulting in hypovolemia, edema, tissue dysoxia, organ failure and even death. The tight junction (TJ)-dependent capillary barrier is regulated by small GTPases, but the specific regulatory molecules most active in this vascular segment under such circumstances are not well described. We set out to identify GTPase regulatory molecules specific to endothelial cells (EC) that form TJs. Transcriptional profiling of confluent monolayers of TJ-forming human dermal microvascular ECs (HDMECs) and adherens junction only forming-human umbilical vein EC (HUVECs) demonstrate ARHGEF12 is basally expressed at higher levels and is only downregulated in HDMECs by junction-disrupting tumor necrosis factor (TNF). HDMECs depleted of ArhGEF12 by siRNA demonstrate a significantly exacerbated TNF-induced decrease in trans-endothelial electrical resistance and disruption of TJ continuous staining. ArhGEF12 is established as a RhoA-GEF in HUVECs and its knock down would be expected to reduce RhoA activity and barrier disruption. Pulldown of active GEFs from HDMECs depleted of ArhGEF12 and treated with TNF show decreased GTP-bound Rap1A after four hours but increased GTP-bound RhoA after 12 h. In cell-free assays, ArhGEF12 immunoprecipitated from HDMECs is able to activate both Rap1A and RhoA, but not act on Rap2A-C, RhoB-C, or even Rap1B which shares 95% sequence identity with Rap1A. We conclude that in TJ-forming HDMECs, ArhGEF12 selectively activates Rap1A to limit capillary barrier disruption in a mechanism independent of cAMP-mediated Epac1 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alamzeb Khan
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University
| | - Weiming Ni
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University
| | - Tania Baltazar
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University
| | | | - Jordan S. Pober
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University
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24
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CalDAG-GEFI Deficiency in a Family with Symptomatic Heterozygous and Homozygous Carriers of a Likely Pathogenic Variant in RASGRP2. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212423. [PMID: 34830306 PMCID: PMC8618213 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
RASGRP2 encodes the calcium and diacylglycerol (DAG)-regulated guanine nucleotide exchange factor I (CalDAG-GEFI) identified as a Rap1-activating molecule. Pathogenic variants previously identified in RASGRP2 allowed the characterization of CalDAG-GEFI deficiency as a non-syndromic, autosomal recessive platelet function disease. We report on the clinical manifestations and laboratory features of a Portuguese family with a likely pathogenic variant in RASGRP2 (c.999G>C leading to a p.Lys333Asn change in the CDC25 catalytic domain of CalDAG-GEFI) and discuss the contribution of this variant to the disease manifestations. Based on the study of this family with one homozygous patient and five heterozygous carriers and on a critical analysis of the literature, we challenge previous knowledge that CalDAG-GEFI deficiency only manifests in homozygous patients. Our data suggest that at least for the RASGRP2 variant reported herein, there is a phenotypic expression, albeit milder, in heterozygous carriers.
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25
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Ding YG, Zhao YL, Zhang J, Zuo ZT, Zhang QZ, Wang YZ. The traditional uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacological properties of Paris L. (Liliaceae): A review. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 278:114293. [PMID: 34102270 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Paris L. (Liliaceae) consisted of 33 species, of which the study focused on Paris polyphylla Smith, P. polyphylla var. chinensis (Franch.) Hara, and P. polyphylla Smith var. yunnanensis (Franch.) Hand. -Mazz. Due of course to the good effects of analgesia and hemostasis, it was traditionally used to treat trauma by folk herbalists. AIM OF THIS REVIEW This study summarized the traditional uses, distributions, phytochemical components, pharmacological properties, and toxicity evaluation of the genus Paris, and reviewed the economic value of cultivate P. polyphylla. This aim was that of providing a new and comprehensive recognition of these medicinal plants for the further utilization of Paris plants. MATERIALS AND METHODS The literature about traditional and folk uses of genus Paris was obtained from Duxiu Search, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI). The other literature about genus Paris was searched online on Web of Science, PubMed, Google Scholar, Baidu Scholar, Scifinder database, and Springer research. The Scientific Database of China Plant Species (DCP) (http://db.kib.ac.cn/Default.aspx) databases were used to check the scientific names and provide species, varieties, and distribution of genus Paris. The botany studies information of genus Paris was available online from Plant Plus of China (www.iplant.cn). All the molecular structures of chemical compounds displayed in the text were produced by ChemBioDraw Ultra 14.0. RESULTS The plants of genus Paris, containing about 33 species and 15 varieties, are mainly distributed in Southwest China (Yunnan, Sichuan, and Guizhou provinces). More than 320 chemical components have been isolated from genus Paris since 2020, including steroidal saponins, C-21 steroids, phytosterols, insect hormones, pentacyclic triterpenes, flavonoids, and other compounds. Arrays of pharmacological investigations revealed that compounds and extracts of Paris species possess a wide spectrum of pharmacological effects, such as antitumor, cytotoxic, antimicrobial, antifungal, hemostatic, and anti-inflammatory activities. The studies about toxicity evaluation suggested that Rhizome Paridis had slight liver toxicity. CONCLUSIONS The dried rhizomes of P. polyphylla, P. polyphylla var. chinensis, and P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis were used to treat wound, bleeding, and stomachache, etc. in folk medicine. Phytochemistry researches showed that different species had pretty similarities especially in terms of chemical constituents. Pharmacological studies witnessed that Rhizome Paridis has various activities. Among these activities, steroidal saponins were the main active ingredients. Furthermore, an important aspect responsible for increasing interest in genus Paris is the use of antifertility-nonhormonal contraceptives by women. Also, the development of TCM (Traditional Chinese medicine) planting industry can improve the income of ethnic minorities and promote economic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Gang Ding
- Medicinal Plants Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China; College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Yan-Li Zhao
- Medicinal Plants Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Ji Zhang
- Medicinal Plants Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Zhi-Tian Zuo
- Medicinal Plants Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Qing-Zhi Zhang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Yuan-Zhong Wang
- Medicinal Plants Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China.
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26
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Makatsariya AD, Slukhanchuk EV, Bitsadze VO, Khizroeva JK, Tretyakova MV, Makatsariya NA, Akinshina SV, Shkoda AS, Pankratyeva LL, Di Renzo GC, Rizzo G, Grigorieva KN, Tsibizova VI, Gris JC, Elalamy I. Neutrophil extracellular traps: a role in inflammation and dysregulated hemostasis as well as in patients with COVID-19 and severe obstetric pathology. OBSTETRICS, GYNECOLOGY AND REPRODUCTION 2021. [DOI: 10.17749/2313-7347/ob.gyn.rep.2021.238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Numerous studies have proven a close relationship between inflammatory diseases and the state of hypercoagulability. In fact, thromboembolic complications represent one of the main causes of disability and mortality in acute and chronic inflammatory diseases, cancer and obstetric complications. Despite this, the processes of hemostasis and immune responses have long been considered separately; currently, work is underway to identify the molecular basis for a relationship between such systems. It has been identified that various pro-inflammatory stimuli are capable of triggering a coagulation cascade, which in turn modulates inflammatory responses. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are the networks of histones of extracellular DNA generated by neutrophils in response to inflammatory stimuli. The hemostasis is activated against infection in order to minimize the spread of infection and, if possible, inactivate the infectious agent. Another molecular network is based on fibrin. Over the last 10 years, there has been accumulated a whole body of evidence that NETs and fibrin are able to form a united network within a thrombus, stabilizing each other. Similarities and molecular cross-reactions are also present in the processes of fibrinolysis and lysis of NETs. Both NETs and von Willebrand factor (vWF) are involved in thrombosis as well as inflammation. During the development of these conditions, a series of events occurs in the microvascular network, including endothelial activation, NETs formation, vWF secretion, adhesion, aggregation, and activation of blood cells. The activity of vWF multimers is regulated by the specific metalloproteinase ADAMTS-13 (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with a thrombospondin type 1 motif, member 13). Studies have shown that interactions between NETs and vWF can lead to arterial and venous thrombosis and inflammation. In addition, the contents released from activated neutrophils or NETs result in decreased ADAMTS-13 activity, which can occur in both thrombotic microangiopathies and acute ischemic stroke. Recently, NETs have been envisioned as a cause of endothelial damage and immunothrombosis in COVID-19. In addition, vWF and ADAMTS-13 levels predict COVID-19 mortality. In this review, we summarize the biological characteristics and interactions of NETs, vWF, and ADAMTS-13, the effect of NETs on hemostasis regulation and discuss their role in thrombotic conditions, sepsis, COVID-19, and obstetric complications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - A. S. Shkoda
- Vorokhobov City Clinical Hospital № 67, Moscow Healthcare Department
| | - L. L. Pankratyeva
- Vorokhobov City Clinical Hospital № 67, Moscow Healthcare Department; Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Health Ministry of Russian Federation
| | - G. C. Di Renzo
- Sechenov University; Center for Prenatal and Reproductive Medicine, University of Perugia
| | - G. Rizzo
- Sechenov University; University of Rome Tor Vergata
| | | | - V. I. Tsibizova
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Health Ministry of Russian Federation
| | - J.-C. Gris
- Sechenov University; University of Montpellier
| | - I. Elalamy
- Sechenov University; Medicine Sorbonne University; Hospital Tenon
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27
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Crittenden JR, Zhai S, Sauvage M, Kitsukawa T, Burguière E, Thomsen M, Zhang H, Costa C, Martella G, Ghiglieri V, Picconi B, Pescatore KA, Unterwald EM, Jackson WS, Housman DE, Caine SB, Sulzer D, Calabresi P, Smith AC, Surmeier DJ, Graybiel AM. CalDAG-GEFI mediates striatal cholinergic modulation of dendritic excitability, synaptic plasticity and psychomotor behaviors. Neurobiol Dis 2021; 158:105473. [PMID: 34371144 PMCID: PMC8486000 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2021.105473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
CalDAG-GEFI (CDGI) is a protein highly enriched in the striatum, particularly in the principal spiny projection neurons (SPNs). CDGI is strongly down-regulated in two hyperkinetic conditions related to striatal dysfunction: Huntington’s disease and levodopa-induced dyskinesia in Parkinson’s disease. We demonstrate that genetic deletion of CDGI in mice disrupts dendritic, but not somatic, M1 muscarinic receptors (M1Rs) signaling in indirect pathway SPNs. Loss of CDGI reduced temporal integration of excitatory postsynaptic potentials at dendritic glutamatergic synapses and impaired the induction of activity-dependent long-term potentiation. CDGI deletion selectively increased psychostimulant-induced repetitive behaviors, disrupted sequence learning, and eliminated M1R blockade of cocaine self-administration. These findings place CDGI as a major, but previously unrecognized, mediator of cholinergic signaling in the striatum. The effects of CDGI deletion on the self-administration of drugs of abuse and its marked alterations in hyperkinetic extrapyramidal disorders highlight CDGI’s therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill R Crittenden
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research and Dept. of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Shenyu Zhai
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Magdalena Sauvage
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research and Dept. of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Functional Architecture of Memory Dept., Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Takashi Kitsukawa
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Eric Burguière
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research and Dept. of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Brain and Spine Institute (ICM), CNRS UMR 7225, INSERM U 1127, UPMC-P6 UMR S, 1127, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, 47 boulevard de l'hôpital, Paris, France
| | - Morgane Thomsen
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen and University, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark; Basic Neuroscience Division, McLean Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA 02478, USA
| | - Hui Zhang
- Departments of Psychiatry, Pharmacology, Neurology, Columbia University, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Cinzia Costa
- Neurological Clinic, Department of Medicine, Hospital Santa Maria della misericordia, University of Perugia, 06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Martella
- Neurophysiology and Plasticity, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Via del Fosso di Fiorano 64, 00143 Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Karen A Pescatore
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Substance Abuse Research, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Ellen M Unterwald
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Substance Abuse Research, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Walker S Jackson
- Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, 581 83 Linköping, Sweden
| | - David E Housman
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - S Barak Caine
- Basic Neuroscience Division, McLean Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA 02478, USA
| | - David Sulzer
- Departments of Psychiatry, Pharmacology, Neurology, Columbia University, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Paolo Calabresi
- Neurological Clinic, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Università Cattolica del "Sacro Cuore", 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Anne C Smith
- Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - D James Surmeier
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Ann M Graybiel
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research and Dept. of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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28
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Platelet transfusion for patients with platelet dysfunction: effectiveness, mechanisms, and unanswered questions. Curr Opin Hematol 2021; 27:378-385. [PMID: 32868672 DOI: 10.1097/moh.0000000000000608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW In this review, we discuss current clinical guidelines and potential underlying mechanisms regarding platelet transfusion therapy in patients at risk of bleeding, comparing management of patients with thrombocytopenia versus those with qualitative platelet disorders. RECENT FINDINGS Platelet transfusion therapy is highly effective in managing bleeding in patients with hypoproliferative thrombocytopenia. Clinical trials have demonstrated that platelet transfusion can be used at a lower trigger threshold and reduced platelet doses, and may be used therapeutically rather than prophylactically in some situations, although additional data are needed. In patients with inherited platelet disorders such as Glanzmann's Thrombasthenia or those with RASGRP2 mutations, platelet transfusion may be ineffective because of competition between transfused and endogenous platelets at the site of vascular injury. Successful management of these patients may require transfusion of additional platelet units, or mechanism-driven combination therapy with other pro-hemostatic agents. In patients on antiplatelet therapy, timing of transfusion and inhibitor mechanism-of-action are key in determining therapeutic success. SUMMARY Expanding our understanding of the mechanisms by which transfused platelets exert their pro-hemostatic function in various bleeding disorders will improve the appropriate use of platelet transfusion.
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29
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Hoover C, Kondo Y, Shao B, McDaniel MJ, Lee R, McGee S, Whiteheart S, Bergmeier W, McEver RP, Xia L. Heightened activation of embryonic megakaryocytes causes aneurysms in the developing brain of mice lacking podoplanin. Blood 2021; 137:2756-2769. [PMID: 33619517 PMCID: PMC8138551 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2020010310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
During early embryonic development in mammals, including humans and mice, megakaryocytes (Mks) first originate from primitive hematopoiesis in the yolk sac. These embryonic Mks (eMks) circulate in the vasculature with unclear function. Herein, we report that podoplanin (PDPN), the ligand of C-type lectin-like receptor (CLEC-2) on Mks/platelets, is temporarily expressed in neural tissue during midgestation in mice. Loss of PDPN or CLEC-2 resulted in aneurysms and spontaneous hemorrhage, specifically in the lower diencephalon during midgestation. Surprisingly, more eMks/platelets had enhanced granule release and localized to the lower diencephalon in mutant mouse embryos than in wild-type littermates before hemorrhage. We found that PDPN counteracted the collagen-1-induced secretion of angiopoietin-1 from fetal Mks, which coincided with enhanced TIE-2 activation in aneurysm-like sprouts of PDPN-deficient embryos. Blocking platelet activation prevented the PDPN-deficient embryo from developing vascular defects. Our data reveal a new role for PDPN in regulating eMk function during midgestation.
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MESH Headings
- Aneurysm, Ruptured/embryology
- Aneurysm, Ruptured/etiology
- Angiopoietin-1/metabolism
- Animals
- Brain/blood supply
- Brain/embryology
- Cells, Cultured
- Cerebral Hemorrhage/embryology
- Cerebral Hemorrhage/etiology
- Collagen/pharmacology
- Diencephalon/blood supply
- Diencephalon/embryology
- Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental
- Gestational Age
- Intracranial Aneurysm/embryology
- Intracranial Aneurysm/etiology
- Intracranial Aneurysm/genetics
- Intracranial Aneurysm/pathology
- Lectins, C-Type/deficiency
- Lectins, C-Type/genetics
- Lectins, C-Type/physiology
- Megakaryocytes/metabolism
- Megakaryocytes/pathology
- Membrane Glycoproteins/deficiency
- Membrane Glycoproteins/genetics
- Membrane Glycoproteins/physiology
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/genetics
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/physiopathology
- Neovascularization, Physiologic/physiology
- Platelet Activation
- Platelet Aggregation/drug effects
- Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Receptor, TIE-2/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Hoover
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - Yuji Kondo
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - Bojing Shao
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - Michael J McDaniel
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - Robert Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics-UNC Blood Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC; and
| | - Samuel McGee
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - Sidney Whiteheart
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Wolfgang Bergmeier
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics-UNC Blood Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC; and
| | - Rodger P McEver
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - Lijun Xia
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK
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30
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Shevchuk O, Begonja AJ, Gambaryan S, Totzeck M, Rassaf T, Huber TB, Greinacher A, Renne T, Sickmann A. Proteomics: A Tool to Study Platelet Function. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094776. [PMID: 33946341 PMCID: PMC8125008 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelets are components of the blood that are highly reactive, and they quickly respond to multiple physiological and pathophysiological processes. In the last decade, it became clear that platelets are the key components of circulation, linking hemostasis, innate, and acquired immunity. Protein composition, localization, and activity are crucial for platelet function and regulation. The current state of mass spectrometry-based proteomics has tremendous potential to identify and quantify thousands of proteins from a minimal amount of material, unravel multiple post-translational modifications, and monitor platelet activity during drug treatments. This review focuses on the role of proteomics in understanding the molecular basics of the classical and newly emerging functions of platelets. including the recently described role of platelets in immunology and the development of COVID-19.The state-of-the-art proteomic technologies and their application in studying platelet biogenesis, signaling, and storage are described, and the potential of newly appeared trapped ion mobility spectrometry (TIMS) is highlighted. Additionally, implementing proteomic methods in platelet transfusion medicine, and as a diagnostic and prognostic tool, is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Shevchuk
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften—ISAS—e.V, Bunsen-Kirchhoff-Straße 11, 44139 Dortmund, Germany
- Department of Immunodynamics, Institute of Experimental Immunology and Imaging, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147 Essen, Germany
- Correspondence: (O.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Antonija Jurak Begonja
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, Radmile Matejčić 2, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia;
| | - Stepan Gambaryan
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Torez pr. 44, 194223 St. Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Matthias Totzeck
- West German Heart and Vascular Center, Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147 Essen, Germany; (M.T.); (T.R.)
| | - Tienush Rassaf
- West German Heart and Vascular Center, Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147 Essen, Germany; (M.T.); (T.R.)
| | - Tobias B. Huber
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany;
| | - Andreas Greinacher
- Institut für Immunologie und Transfusionsmedizin, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Sauerbruchstraße, 17475 Greifswald, Germany;
| | - Thomas Renne
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany;
| | - Albert Sickmann
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften—ISAS—e.V, Bunsen-Kirchhoff-Straße 11, 44139 Dortmund, Germany
- Medizinisches Proteom-Center (MPC), Medizinische Fakultät, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, College of Physical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3FX, UK
- Correspondence: (O.S.); (A.S.)
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Rosenberg N, Dardik R, Hauschner H, Nakav S, Barel O, Luboshitz J, Yacobovich J, Tamary H, Kenet G. Mutations in RASGRP2 gene identified in patients misdiagnosed as Glanzmann thrombasthenia patients. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2021; 89:102560. [PMID: 33711653 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2021.102560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Glanzmann thrombasthenia (GT) is a severe inherited platelet function disorder (IPFD), presenting with bleeding diathesis and impaired platelet aggregation, is caused by mutations in the genes ITGA2B or ITGB3. AIM We aimed to study the genetic cause of IPFD mimicking GT. METHODS During 2017-2019, 16 patients were referred to our tertiary center with bleeding symptoms, impaired platelet aggregation and normal platelet count and size. RESULTS Using flow cytometry, 13/16 patients were diagnosed with GT, yet three patients displayed normal surface expression of the integrins αIIbβ3 and αvβ3, as well as normal integrin αIIbβ3 activation following incubation with the activating monoclonal antibody anti-LIBS6, while platelet activation following ADP or epinephrine was impaired. Whole exome sequencing detected 2 variants in RASGRP2 gene in all 3 patients. DISCUSSION Both RASGRP2 mutations predicted frameshift, premature stop codon (p. I427Mfs*92 and p. R494Afs*54, respectively) and truncated calcium-sensing guanine nucleotide exchange factor [CalDAG-GEFI]- the major signaling molecule that regulates integrin-mediated aggregation and granule secretion, causing IPFD-18. CONCLUSION Patients who suffer from bleeding diathesis without immune dysregulation, may be mistakenly diagnosed as GT. Further studies are required to confirm the diagnosis of specific IPFD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurit Rosenberg
- The Israeli National Hemophilia Center and Thrombosis Institute, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel; Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Amalia Biron Research Institute of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Rima Dardik
- The Israeli National Hemophilia Center and Thrombosis Institute, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Hagit Hauschner
- The Israeli National Hemophilia Center and Thrombosis Institute, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel; Amalia Biron Research Institute of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Sigal Nakav
- Coagulation and Hemostasis Laboratory, Hematology Laboratories, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Hospital, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Ortal Barel
- Bioinformatic Unit, Sheba Cancer Research Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Jacob Luboshitz
- The Israeli National Hemophilia Center and Thrombosis Institute, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel; Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Joanne Yacobovich
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Pediatric Hematology, Schneider Children's Medical Center, Petach-Tikva; Israel
| | - Hannah Tamary
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Pediatric Hematology, Schneider Children's Medical Center, Petach-Tikva; Israel
| | - Gili Kenet
- The Israeli National Hemophilia Center and Thrombosis Institute, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel; Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Amalia Biron Research Institute of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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Borst O, Gawaz M. Glycoprotein VI - novel target in antiplatelet medication. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 217:107630. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Liao Z, Gingras AR, Lagarrigue F, Ginsberg MH, Shattil SJ. Optogenetics-based localization of talin to the plasma membrane promotes activation of β3 integrins. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100675. [PMID: 33865854 PMCID: PMC8131925 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Interaction of talin with the cytoplasmic tails of integrin β triggers integrin activation, leading to an increase of integrin affinity/avidity for extracellular ligands. In talin KO mice, loss of talin interaction with platelet integrin αIIbβ3 causes a severe hemostatic defect, and loss of talin interaction with endothelial cell integrin αVβ3 affects angiogenesis. In normal cells, talin is autoinhibited and localized in the cytoplasm. Here, we used an optogenetic platform to assess whether recruitment of full-length talin to the plasma membrane was sufficient to induce integrin activation. A dimerization module (Arabidopsis cryptochrome 2 fused to the N terminus of talin; N-terminal of cryptochrome-interacting basic helix-loop-helix domain ended with a CAAX box protein [C: cysteine; A: aliphatic amino acid; X: any C-terminal amino acid]) responsive to 450 nm (blue) light was inserted into Chinese hamster ovary cells and endothelial cells also expressing αIIbβ3 or αVβ3, respectively. Thus, exposure of the cells to blue light caused a rapid and reversible recruitment of Arabidopsis cryptochrome 2-talin to the N-terminal of cryptochrome-interacting basic helix-loop-helix domain ended with a CAAX box protein [C: cysteine; A: aliphatic amino acid; X: any C-terminal amino acid]-decorated plasma membrane. This resulted in β3 integrin activation in both cell types, as well as increasing migration of the endothelial cells. However, membrane recruitment of talin was not sufficient for integrin activation, as membrane-associated Ras-related protein 1 (Rap1)-GTP was also required. Moreover, talin mutations that interfered with its direct binding to Rap1 abrogated β3 integrin activation. Altogether, these results define a role for the plasma membrane recruitment of talin in β3 integrin activation, and they suggest a nuanced sequence of events thereafter involving Rap1-GTP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongji Liao
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.
| | - Alexandre R Gingras
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Frederic Lagarrigue
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Mark H Ginsberg
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Sanford J Shattil
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.
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Lagarrigue F, Paul DS, Gingras AR, Valadez AJ, Sun H, Lin J, Cuevas MN, Ablack JN, Lopez-Ramirez MA, Bergmeier W, Ginsberg MH. Talin-1 is the principal platelet Rap1 effector of integrin activation. Blood 2020; 136:1180-1190. [PMID: 32518959 PMCID: PMC7472713 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2020005348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ras-related protein 1 (Rap1) is a major convergence point of the platelet-signaling pathways that result in talin-1 binding to the integrin β cytoplasmic domain and consequent integrin activation, platelet aggregation, and effective hemostasis. The nature of the connection between Rap1 and talin-1 in integrin activation is an important remaining gap in our understanding of this process. Previous work identified a low-affinity Rap1-binding site in the talin-1 F0 domain that makes a small contribution to integrin activation in platelets. We recently identified an additional Rap1-binding site in the talin-1 F1 domain that makes a greater contribution than F0 in model systems. Here we generated mice bearing point mutations, which block Rap1 binding without affecting talin-1 expression, in either the talin-1 F1 domain (R118E) alone, which were viable, or in both the F0 and F1 domains (R35E,R118E), which were embryonic lethal. Loss of the Rap1-talin-1 F1 interaction in platelets markedly decreases talin-1-mediated activation of platelet β1- and β3-integrins. Integrin activation and platelet aggregation in mice whose platelets express only talin-1(R35E, R118E) are even more impaired, resembling the defect seen in platelets lacking both Rap1a and Rap1b. Although Rap1 is important in thrombopoiesis, platelet secretion, and surface exposure of phosphatidylserine, loss of the Rap1-talin-1 interaction in talin-1(R35E, R118E) platelets had little effect on these processes. These findings show that talin-1 is the principal direct effector of Rap1 GTPases that regulates platelet integrin activation in hemostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederic Lagarrigue
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - David S Paul
- UNC Blood Research Center and
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC; and
| | | | - Andrew J Valadez
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Hao Sun
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Jenny Lin
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Monica N Cuevas
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Jailal N Ablack
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Miguel Alejandro Lopez-Ramirez
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Wolfgang Bergmeier
- UNC Blood Research Center and
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC; and
| | - Mark H Ginsberg
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
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Ishihara S, Sato T, Du G, Guardavaccaro D, Nakajima A, Sawai S, Kataoka T, Katagiri K. Phosphatidic acid-dependent localization and basal de-phosphorylation of RA-GEFs regulate lymphocyte trafficking. BMC Biol 2020; 18:75. [PMID: 32600317 PMCID: PMC7325102 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-020-00809-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Lymphocytes circulate between peripheral lymphoid tissues via blood and lymphatic systems, and chemokine-induced migration is important in trafficking lymphocytes to distant sites. The small GTPase Rap1 is important in mediating lymphocyte motility, and Rap1-GEFs are involved in chemokine-mediated Rap1 activation. Here, we describe the roles and mechanisms of Rap1-GEFs in lymphocyte trafficking. Results In this study, we show that RA-GEF-1 and 2 (also known as Rapgef2 and 6) are key guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEF) for Rap1 in lymphocyte trafficking. Mice harboring T cell-specific knockouts of Rapgef2/6 demonstrate defective homing and egress of T cells. Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) as well as chemokines activates Rap1 in a RA-GEF-1/2-dependent manner, and their deficiency in T cells impairs Mst1 phosphorylation, cell polarization, and chemotaxis toward S1P gradient. On the other hand, B cell-specific knockouts of Rapgef2/6 impair chemokine-dependent retention of B cells in the bone marrow and passively facilitate egress. Phospholipase D2-dependent production of phosphatidic acid by these chemotactic factors determines spatial distribution of Rap1-GTP subsequent to membrane localization of RA-GEFs and induces the development of front membrane. On the other hand, basal de-phosphorylation of RA-GEFs is necessary for chemotactic factor-dependent increase in GEF activity for Rap1. Conclusions We demonstrate here that subcellular distribution and activation of RA-GEFs are key factors for a directional movement of lymphocytes and that phosphatidic acid is critical for membrane translocation of RA-GEFs with chemokine stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayaka Ishihara
- Department of Biosciences, School of Science, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minamiku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0344, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Sato
- Department of Biosciences, School of Science, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minamiku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0344, Japan
| | - Guangwei Du
- Department of Integrative Biology & Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science at Houston, 6431 Fannin St, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Daniele Guardavaccaro
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW and University Medical Center Utrecht, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Akihiko Nakajima
- Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 153-8902, Japan
| | - Satoshi Sawai
- Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 153-8902, Japan
| | - Tohru Kataoka
- Division of Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Koko Katagiri
- Department of Biosciences, School of Science, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minamiku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0344, Japan.
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36
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Wei W, Liu J, Peng Z, Liang M, Wang Y, Wang X. Gellable silk fibroin-polyethylene sponge for hemostasis. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 48:28-36. [PMID: 31852256 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2019.1699805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Traditional haemostatic materials generally have slow hemostasis rate and poor biocompatibility. This paper reports on the haemostatic properties and mechanism of silk fibroin (SF). SF-PEG sponge that could be solubilised and changed to gel form by blood was fabricated through mixing SF and polyethylene glycol (PEG, 1500 Da) followed by lyophilisation of the mixed solution. SF-PEG sponge, together with control samples of SF sponge (no PEG) and a commercially available haemostatic material, gelatine sponge, were subjected to the hemostasis tests using a liver trauma model of rabbit. The results showed that SF was superior to gelatine sponge in hemostasis time (136.17 ± 62.27 s and 249.83 ± 29.18 s) and blood loss (2.16 ± 1.27 g vs. 4.97 ± 1.44 g). Furthermore, in vitro experiments indicated SF-PEG sol-gel transition promoted platelet adhesion and aggregation, as well as platelet-fibrinogen interaction. Therefore, except for the physical blocking of bleeding port due to PEG-induced SF fast gelation, SF might also have an impact on blood coagulation process, a phenomenon that has not been reported before. In conclusion, SF is a new type of haemostatic material that might be able to meet the requirements of speed, efficiency and biosafety in a variety of clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wei
- Department of Orthopaedics, The 1st Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Department of Orthopaedics, Harbin 242 Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Jian Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Simatech Incorporation, Suzhou, China
| | - ZhiBin Peng
- Department of Orthopaedics, The 1st Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Min Liang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The 1st Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - YanSong Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The 1st Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - XiaoQin Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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Gutiérrez-Herrero S, Fernández-Infante C, Hernández-Cano L, Ortiz-Rivero S, Guijas C, Martín-Granado V, González-Porras JR, Balsinde J, Porras A, Guerrero C. C3G contributes to platelet activation and aggregation by regulating major signaling pathways. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2020; 5:29. [PMID: 32296045 PMCID: PMC7109025 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-0119-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
C3G is a GEF (guanine nucleotide exchange factor) for Rap GTPases, among which the isoform Rap1b is an essential protein in platelet biology. Using transgenic mouse models with platelet-specific overexpression of C3G or mutant C3GΔCat, we have unveiled a new function of C3G in regulating the hemostatic function of platelets through its participation in the thrombin-PKC-Rap1b pathway. C3G also plays important roles in angiogenesis, tumor growth, and metastasis through its regulation of the platelet secretome. In addition, C3G contributes to megakaryopoiesis and thrombopoiesis. Here, we used a platelet-specific C3G-KO mouse model to further support the role of C3G in hemostasis. C3G-KO platelets showed a significant delay in platelet activation and aggregation as a consequence of the defective activation of Rap1, which resulted in decreased thrombus formation in vivo. Additionally, we explored the contribution of C3G-Rap1b to platelet signaling pathways triggered by thrombin, PMA or ADP, in the referenced transgenic mouse model, through the use of a battery of specific inhibitors. We found that platelet C3G is phosphorylated at Tyr504 by a mechanism involving PKC-Src. This phosphorylation was shown to be positively regulated by ERKs through their inhibition of the tyrosine phosphatase Shp2. Moreover, C3G participates in the ADP-P2Y12-PI3K-Rap1b pathway and is a mediator of thrombin-TXA2 activities. However, it inhibits the synthesis of TXA2 through cPLA2 regulation. Taken together, our data reveal the critical role of C3G in the main pathways leading to platelet activation and aggregation through the regulation of Rap1b.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Gutiérrez-Herrero
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (IMBCC), University of Salamanca-CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Cristina Fernández-Infante
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (IMBCC), University of Salamanca-CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Luis Hernández-Cano
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (IMBCC), University of Salamanca-CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Sara Ortiz-Rivero
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (IMBCC), University of Salamanca-CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Carlos Guijas
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular (IBGM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Víctor Martín-Granado
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (IMBCC), University of Salamanca-CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
| | - José Ramón González-Porras
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
- Departamento de Hematología, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca (HUS), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Jesús Balsinde
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular (IBGM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Almudena Porras
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Complutense University of Madrid. Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Carmen Guerrero
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (IMBCC), University of Salamanca-CSIC, Salamanca, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain.
- Departamento de Medicina, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.
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Sarker M, Goliaei A, Golesi F, Poggi M, Cook A, Khan MAI, Temple BR, Stefanini L, Canault M, Bergmeier W, Campbell SL. Subcellular localization of Rap1 GTPase activator CalDAG-GEFI is orchestrated by interaction of its atypical C1 domain with membrane phosphoinositides. J Thromb Haemost 2020; 18:693-705. [PMID: 31758832 PMCID: PMC7050387 DOI: 10.1111/jth.14687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The small GTPase Rap1 and its guanine nucleotide exchange factor, CalDAG-GEFI (CDGI), are critical for platelet function and hemostatic plug formation. CDGI function is regulated by a calcium binding EF hand regulatory domain and an atypical C1 domain with unknown function. OBJECTIVE Here, we investigated whether the C1 domain controls CDGI subcellular localization, both in vitro and in vivo. METHODS CDGI interaction with phosphoinositides was studied by lipid co-sedimentation assays and molecular dynamics simulations. Cellular localization of CDGI was studied in heterologous cells by immunofluorescence and subcellular fractionation assays. RESULTS Lipid co-sedimentation studies demonstrated that the CDGI C1 domain associates with membranes through exclusive recognition of phosphoinositides, phosphatidylinositol (4,5)-biphosphate (PIP2) and phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-triphosphate (PIP3). Molecular dynamics simulations identified a phospholipid recognition motif consisting of residues exclusive to the CDGI C1 domain. Mutation of those residues abolished co-sedimentation of the C1 domain with lipid vesicles and impaired membrane localization of CDGI in heterologous cells. CONCLUSION Our studies identify a novel interaction between an atypical C1 domain and phosphatidylinositol (4,5)-biphosphate and phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-triphosphate in cellular membranes, which is critical for Rap1 signaling in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muzaddid Sarker
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Ardeshir Goliaei
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | | | - Marjorie Poggi
- Aix Marseille University, INSERM, INRA, Marseille, France
| | - Aaron Cook
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Mohammad A. I. Khan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Brenda R. Temple
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- RL Juliano Structural Bioinformatics Core, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Lucia Stefanini
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Wolfgang Bergmeier
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Sharon L. Campbell
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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Integration of Rap1 and Calcium Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21051616. [PMID: 32120817 PMCID: PMC7084553 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ca2+ is a universal intracellular signal. The modulation of cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration regulates a plethora of cellular processes, such as: synaptic plasticity, neuronal survival, chemotaxis of immune cells, platelet aggregation, vasodilation, and cardiac excitation–contraction coupling. Rap1 GTPases are ubiquitously expressed binary switches that alternate between active and inactive states and are regulated by diverse families of guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) and GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs). Active Rap1 couples extracellular stimulation with intracellular signaling through secondary messengers—cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), Ca2+, and diacylglycerol (DAG). Much evidence indicates that Rap1 signaling intersects with Ca2+ signaling pathways to control the important cellular functions of platelet activation or neuronal plasticity. Rap1 acts as an effector of Ca2+ signaling when activated by mechanisms involving Ca2+ and DAG-activated (CalDAG-) GEFs. Conversely, activated by other GEFs, such as cAMP-dependent GEF Epac, Rap1 controls cytoplasmic Ca2+ levels. It does so by regulating the activity of Ca2+ signaling proteins such as sarcoendoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA). In this review, we focus on the physiological significance of the links between Rap1 and Ca2+ signaling and emphasize the molecular interactions that may offer new targets for the therapy of Alzheimer’s disease, hypertension, and atherosclerosis, among other diseases.
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Canault M, Alessi MC. RasGRP2 Structure, Function and Genetic Variants in Platelet Pathophysiology. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E1075. [PMID: 32041177 PMCID: PMC7037602 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21031075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
RasGRP2 is calcium and diacylglycerol-regulated guanine nucleotide exchange factor I that activates Rap1, which is an essential signaling-knot in "inside-out" αIIbβ3 integrin activation in platelets. Inherited platelet function disorder caused by variants of RASGRP2 represents a new congenital bleeding disorder referred to as platelet-type bleeding disorder-18 (BDPLT18). We review here the structure of RasGRP2 and its functions in the pathophysiology of platelets and of the other cellular types that express it. We will also examine the different pathogenic variants reported so far as well as strategies for the diagnosis and management of patients with BDPLT18.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Canault
- Aix Marseille University, INSERM, INRAE, C2VN, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Marie-Christine Alessi
- Aix Marseille University, INSERM, INRAE, C2VN, 13005 Marseille, France
- Hematology laboratory, APHM, CHU Timone, 13005 Marseille, France
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Bye AP, Gibbins JM, Mahaut-Smith MP. Ca 2+ waves coordinate purinergic receptor-evoked integrin activation and polarization. Sci Signal 2020; 13:13/615/eaav7354. [PMID: 31964805 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aav7354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Cells sense extracellular nucleotides through the P2Y class of purinergic G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), which stimulate integrin activation through signaling events, including intracellular Ca2+ mobilization. We investigated the relationship between P2Y-stimulated repetitive Ca2+ waves and fibrinogen binding to the platelet integrin αIIbβ3 (GPIIb/IIIa) through confocal fluorescence imaging of primary rat megakaryocytes. Costimulation of the receptors P2Y1 and P2Y12 generated a series of Ca2+ transients that each induced a rapid, discrete increase in fibrinogen binding. The peak and net increase of individual fibrinogen binding events correlated with the Ca2+ transient amplitude and frequency, respectively. Using BAPTA loading and selective receptor antagonists, we found that Ca2+ mobilization downstream of P2Y1 was essential for ADP-evoked fibrinogen binding, whereas P2Y12 and the kinase PI3K were also required for αIIbβ3 activation and enhanced the number of Ca2+ transients. ADP-evoked fibrinogen binding was initially uniform over the cell periphery but subsequently redistributed with a polarity that correlated with the direction of the Ca2+ waves. Polarization of αIIbβ3 may be mediated by the actin cytoskeleton, because surface-bound fibrinogen is highly immobile, and its motility was enhanced by cytoskeletal disruption. In conclusion, spatial and temporal patterns of Ca2+ increase enable fine control of αIIbβ3 activation after cellular stimulation. P2Y1-stimulated Ca2+ transients coupled to αIIbβ3 activation only in the context of P2Y12 coactivation, thereby providing an additional temporal mechanism of synergy between these Gq- and Gi-coupled GPCRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander P Bye
- Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AS, UK.
| | - Jonathan M Gibbins
- Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AS, UK
| | - Martyn P Mahaut-Smith
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK.
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Lee RH, Piatt R, Dhenge A, Lozano ML, Palma-Barqueros V, Rivera J, Bergmeier W. Impaired hemostatic activity of healthy transfused platelets in inherited and acquired platelet disorders: Mechanisms and implications. Sci Transl Med 2019; 11:eaay0203. [PMID: 31826978 PMCID: PMC10824274 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aay0203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Platelet transfusions can fail to prevent bleeding in patients with inherited platelet function disorders (IPDs), such as Glanzmann's thrombasthenia (GT; integrin αIIbβ3 dysfunction), Bernard-Soulier syndrome [BSS; glycoprotein (GP) Ib/V/IX dysfunction], and the more recently identified nonsyndromic RASGRP2 variants. Here, we used IPD mouse models and real-time imaging of hemostatic plug formation to investigate whether dysfunctional platelets impair the hemostatic function of healthy donor [wild-type (WT)] platelets. In Rasgrp2-/- mice or mice with platelet-specific deficiency in the integrin adaptor protein TALIN1 ("GT-like"), WT platelet transfusion was ineffective unless the ratio between mutant and WT platelets was ~2:1. In contrast, thrombocytopenic mice or mice lacking the extracellular domain of GPIbα ("BSS-like") required very few transfused WT platelets to normalize hemostasis. Both Rasgrp2-/- and GT-like, but not BSS-like, platelets effectively localized to the injury site. Mechanistic studies identified at least two mechanisms of interference by dysfunctional platelets in IPDs: (i) delayed adhesion of WT donor platelets due to reduced access to GPIbα ligands exposed at sites of vascular injury and (ii) impaired consolidation of the hemostatic plug. We also investigated the hemostatic activity of transfused platelets in the setting of dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT), an acquired platelet function disorder (APD). "DAPT" platelets did not prolong the time to initial hemostasis, but plugs were unstable and frequent rebleeding was observed. Thus, we propose that the endogenous platelet count and the ratio of transfused versus endogenous platelets should be considered when treating select IPD and APD patients with platelet transfusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert H Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
- UNC Blood Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Raymond Piatt
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Ankita Dhenge
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- UNC Blood Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - María L Lozano
- Servicio de Hematología y Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer, Centro Regional de Hemodonación, Universidad de Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, CB15/00055-CIBERER, Murcia 30003, Spain
| | - Verónica Palma-Barqueros
- Servicio de Hematología y Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer, Centro Regional de Hemodonación, Universidad de Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, CB15/00055-CIBERER, Murcia 30003, Spain
| | - José Rivera
- Servicio de Hematología y Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer, Centro Regional de Hemodonación, Universidad de Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, CB15/00055-CIBERER, Murcia 30003, Spain
| | - Wolfgang Bergmeier
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
- UNC Blood Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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Lunghi B, Lecchi A, Santacroce R, Scavone M, Paniccia R, Artoni A, Gachet C, Castaman G, Margaglione M, Bernardi F, Cattaneo M. Severe bleeding and absent ADP-induced platelet aggregation associated with inherited combined CalDAG-GEFI and P2Y 12 deficiencies. Haematologica 2019; 105:e361-e364. [PMID: 31649128 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2019.232850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Lunghi
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Anna Lecchi
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Angelo Bianchi Bonomi Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center, Milan, Italy
| | - Rosa Santacroce
- Medical Genetics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Mariangela Scavone
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Rita Paniccia
- Center for Bleeding Disorders and Coagulation, Department of Oncology, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Andrea Artoni
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Angelo Bianchi Bonomi Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center, Milan, Italy
| | - Christian Gachet
- Université de Strasbourg, INSERM, EFS Grand Est, BPPS UMR-S 1255, FMTS, Strasbourg, France
| | - Giancarlo Castaman
- Center for Bleeding Disorders and Coagulation, Department of Oncology, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Maurizio Margaglione
- Medical Genetics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Francesco Bernardi
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Marco Cattaneo
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy .,Unità di Medicina, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Presidio San Paolo, Milan, Italy
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44
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Networks that stop the flow: A fresh look at fibrin and neutrophil extracellular traps. Thromb Res 2019; 182:1-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2019.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Lebas H, Yahiaoui K, Martos R, Boulaftali Y. Platelets Are at the Nexus of Vascular Diseases. Front Cardiovasc Med 2019; 6:132. [PMID: 31572732 PMCID: PMC6749018 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2019.00132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelets are important actors of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Current antiplatelet drugs that inhibit platelet aggregation have been shown to be effective in CVD treatment. However, the management of bleeding complications is still an issue in vascular diseases. While platelets can act individually, they interact with vascular cells and leukocytes at sites of vascular injury and inflammation. The main goal remains to better understand platelet mechanisms in thrombo-inflammatory diseases and provide new lines of safe treatments. Beyond their role in hemostasis and thrombosis, recent studies have reported the role of several aspects of platelet functions in CVD progression. In this review, we will provide a comprehensive overview of platelet mechanisms involved in several vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Héloïse Lebas
- Laboratory of Vascular Translational Science, U1148 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Sorbonne Paris Cite, Univ Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Katia Yahiaoui
- Laboratory of Vascular Translational Science, U1148 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Sorbonne Paris Cite, Univ Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Raphaël Martos
- Laboratory of Vascular Translational Science, U1148 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Sorbonne Paris Cite, Univ Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Yacine Boulaftali
- Laboratory of Vascular Translational Science, U1148 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Sorbonne Paris Cite, Univ Paris Diderot, Paris, France
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46
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Guidetti GF, Torti M, Canobbio I. Focal Adhesion Kinases in Platelet Function and Thrombosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2019; 39:857-868. [DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.118.311787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The focal adhesion kinase family includes 2 homolog members, FAK and Pyk2 (proline-rich tyrosine kinase 2), primarily known for their roles in nucleated cells as regulators of cytoskeletal dynamics and cell adhesion. FAK and Pyk2 are also expressed in megakaryocytes and platelets and are activated by soluble agonists and on adhesion to the subendothelial matrix. Despite high sequence homology and similar molecular organization, FAK and Pyk2 play different roles in platelet function. Whereas FAK serves mostly as a traditional focal adhesion kinase activated downstream of integrins, Pyk2 coordinates multiple signals from different receptors. FAK, but not Pyk2, is involved in megakaryocyte maturation and platelet production. In circulating platelets, FAK is recruited by integrin αIIbβ3 to regulate hemostasis, whereas it plays minimal roles in thrombosis. By contrast, Pyk2 is implicated in platelet activation and is an important regulator of thrombosis. The direct activation of Pyk2 by calcium ions provides a connection between GPCRs (G-protein coupled receptors) and Src family kinases. In this review, we provide the comprehensive overview of >20 years of investigations on the role and regulation of focal adhesion kinases in blood platelets, highlighting common and distinctive features of FAK and Pyk2 in hemostasis and thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mauro Torti
- From the Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Italy
| | - Ilaria Canobbio
- From the Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Italy
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47
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Palma-Barqueros V, Ruiz-Pividal J, Bohdan N, Vicente V, Bastida JM, Lozano M, Rivera J. RASGRP2 gene variations associated with platelet dysfunction and bleeding. Platelets 2019; 30:535-539. [PMID: 30849270 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2019.1585528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
This manuscript reviews pathogenic variants in RASGRP2, which are the cause of a relatively new autosomal recessive and nonsyndromic inherited platelet function disorder, referred to as platelet-type bleeding disorder-18 (BDPLT18)(OMIM:615888). To date, 18 unrelated BDPLT18 pedigrees have been reported, harboring 19 different homozygous or compound heterozygous RASGRP2 variants. Patients with this disease present with lifelong moderate to severe bleeding, with epistaxis as the most common and relevant bleeding symptom. Biologically, they exhibit normal platelet count and morphology, reduced aggregation responses to ADP, epinephrine and low-dose collagen, and impaired αIIbβ3 integrin activation (fibrinogen or PAC-1 binding) in response to most agonists except PMA. Diagnosis is confirmed by genetic analysis of RASGRP2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Palma-Barqueros
- a Servicio de Hematología y Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer, Centro Regional de Hemodonación , Universidad de Murcia , Murcia , Spain
| | - Juan Ruiz-Pividal
- a Servicio de Hematología y Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer, Centro Regional de Hemodonación , Universidad de Murcia , Murcia , Spain
| | - Natalia Bohdan
- a Servicio de Hematología y Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer, Centro Regional de Hemodonación , Universidad de Murcia , Murcia , Spain
| | - Vicente Vicente
- a Servicio de Hematología y Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer, Centro Regional de Hemodonación , Universidad de Murcia , Murcia , Spain
| | - Jose Maria Bastida
- b Department of Hematology , IBSAL-Hospital Universitario de Salamanca , Salamanca , Spain
| | - María Lozano
- a Servicio de Hematología y Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer, Centro Regional de Hemodonación , Universidad de Murcia , Murcia , Spain.,c On behalf of the "Inherited Platelet Disorders Project", Hemorrhagic Diathesis Working Group SETH
| | - José Rivera
- a Servicio de Hematología y Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer, Centro Regional de Hemodonación , Universidad de Murcia , Murcia , Spain.,c On behalf of the "Inherited Platelet Disorders Project", Hemorrhagic Diathesis Working Group SETH
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Huang J, Li X, Shi X, Zhu M, Wang J, Huang S, Huang X, Wang H, Li L, Deng H, Zhou Y, Mao J, Long Z, Ma Z, Ye W, Pan J, Xi X, Jin J. Platelet integrin αIIbβ3: signal transduction, regulation, and its therapeutic targeting. J Hematol Oncol 2019; 12:26. [PMID: 30845955 PMCID: PMC6407232 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-019-0709-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrins are a family of transmembrane glycoprotein signaling receptors that can transmit bioinformation bidirectionally across the plasma membrane. Integrin αIIbβ3 is expressed at a high level in platelets and their progenitors, where it plays a central role in platelet functions, hemostasis, and arterial thrombosis. Integrin αIIbβ3 also participates in cancer progression, such as tumor cell proliferation and metastasis. In resting platelets, integrin αIIbβ3 adopts an inactive conformation. Upon agonist stimulation, the transduction of inside-out signals leads integrin αIIbβ3 to switch from a low- to high-affinity state for fibrinogen and other ligands. Ligand binding causes integrin clustering and subsequently promotes outside-in signaling, which initiates and amplifies a range of cellular events to drive essential platelet functions such as spreading, aggregation, clot retraction, and thrombus consolidation. Regulation of the bidirectional signaling of integrin αIIbβ3 requires the involvement of numerous interacting proteins, which associate with the cytoplasmic tails of αIIbβ3 in particular. Integrin αIIbβ3 and its signaling pathways are considered promising targets for antithrombotic therapy. This review describes the bidirectional signal transduction of integrin αIIbβ3 in platelets, as well as the proteins responsible for its regulation and therapeutic agents that target integrin αIIbβ3 and its signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiansong Huang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Hematologic Malignancies, Diagnosis and Treatment, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xia Li
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Hematologic Malignancies, Diagnosis and Treatment, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaofeng Shi
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mark Zhu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jinghan Wang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Hematologic Malignancies, Diagnosis and Treatment, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shujuan Huang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Hematologic Malignancies, Diagnosis and Treatment, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xin Huang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Hematologic Malignancies, Diagnosis and Treatment, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huafeng Wang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Hematologic Malignancies, Diagnosis and Treatment, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Hematological Malignancies Translational Science, Gehr Family Center for Leukemia Research, Hematologic Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplantation Institute, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Hematological Malignancies Translational Science, Gehr Family Center for Leukemia Research, Hematologic Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplantation Institute, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Huan Deng
- Department of Pathology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yulan Zhou
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jianhua Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Sino-French Research Centre for Life Sciences and Genomics, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhangbiao Long
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Zhixin Ma
- Clinical Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenle Ye
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Hematologic Malignancies, Diagnosis and Treatment, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiajia Pan
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Hematologic Malignancies, Diagnosis and Treatment, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaodong Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. .,Sino-French Research Centre for Life Sciences and Genomics, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jie Jin
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China. .,Key Laboratory of Hematologic Malignancies, Diagnosis and Treatment, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China. .,Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Grover SP, Bergmeier W, Mackman N. Platelet Signaling Pathways and New Inhibitors. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2019; 38:e28-e35. [PMID: 29563117 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.118.310224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Steven P Grover
- From the Thrombosis and Hemostasis Program, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine (S.P.G., N.M.) and McAllister Heart Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics (W.B.), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Wolfgang Bergmeier
- From the Thrombosis and Hemostasis Program, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine (S.P.G., N.M.) and McAllister Heart Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics (W.B.), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Nigel Mackman
- From the Thrombosis and Hemostasis Program, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine (S.P.G., N.M.) and McAllister Heart Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics (W.B.), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.
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50
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