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Wu Y, Riehle A, Pollmeier B, Kadow S, Schumacher F, Drab M, Kleuser B, Gulbins E, Grassmé H. Caveolin-1 affects early mycobacterial infection and apoptosis in macrophages and mice. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2024; 147:102493. [PMID: 38547568 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2024.102493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Tuberculosis, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, remains one of the deadliest infections in humans. Because Mycobacterium bovis Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) share genetic similarities with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, it is often used as a model to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of more severe tuberculosis infection. Caveolin-1 has been implied in many physiological processes and diseases, but it's role in mycobacterial infections has barely been studied. We isolated macrophages from Wildtype or Caveolin-1 deficient mice and analyzed hallmarks of infection, such as internalization, induction of autophagy and apoptosis. For in vivo assays we intravenously injected mice with BCG and investigated tissues for bacterial load with colony-forming unit assays, bioactive lipids with mass spectrometry and changes of protein expressions by Western blotting. Our results revealed that Caveolin-1 was important for early killing of BCG infection in vivo and in vitro, controlled acid sphingomyelinase (Asm)-dependent ceramide formation, apoptosis and inflammatory cytokines upon infection with BCG. In accordance, Caveolin-1 deficient mice and macrophages showed higher bacterial burdens in the livers. The findings indicate that Caveolin-1 plays a role in infection of mice and murine macrophages with BCG, by controlling cellular apoptosis and inflammatory host response. These clues might be useful in the fight against tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Wu
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45122, Essen, Germany
| | - Andrea Riehle
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45122, Essen, Germany
| | - Barbara Pollmeier
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45122, Essen, Germany
| | - Stephanie Kadow
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45122, Essen, Germany
| | | | - Marek Drab
- Unit of Nanostructural Biointeractions, Department of Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Weigla Street, 53-114, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Burkhard Kleuser
- Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Erich Gulbins
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45122, Essen, Germany
| | - Heike Grassmé
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45122, Essen, Germany.
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2
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Huang D, Kidd JM, Zou Y, Wu X, Li N, Gehr TWB, Li PL, Li G. Podocyte-specific silencing of acid sphingomyelinase gene to abrogate hyperhomocysteinemia-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation and glomerular inflammation. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2024; 326:F988-F1003. [PMID: 38634138 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00195.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) has been reported to increase tissue ceramide and thereby mediate hyperhomocysteinemia (hHcy)-induced glomerular nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor containing pyrin domain 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation, inflammation, and sclerosis. In the present study, we tested whether somatic podocyte-specific silencing of Smpd1 gene (mouse ASM gene code) attenuates hHcy-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation and associated extracellular vesicle (EV) release in podocytes and thereby suppresses glomerular inflammatory response and injury. In vivo, somatic podocyte-specific Smpd1 gene silencing almost blocked hHcy-induced glomerular NLRP3 inflammasome activation in Podocre (podocyte-specific expression of cre recombinase) mice compared with control littermates. By nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), floxed Smpd1 shRNA transfection was found to abrogate hHcy-induced elevation of urinary EV excretion in Podocre mice. In addition, Smpd1 gene silencing in podocytes prevented hHcy-induced immune cell infiltration into glomeruli, proteinuria, and glomerular sclerosis in Podocre mice. Such protective effects of podocyte-specific Smpd1 gene silencing were mimicked by global knockout of Smpd1 gene in Smpd1-/- mice. On the contrary, podocyte-specific Smpd1 gene overexpression exaggerated hHcy-induced glomerular pathological changes in Smpd1trg/Podocre (podocyte-specific Smpd1 gene overexpression) mice, which were significantly attenuated by transfection of floxed Smpd1 shRNA. In cell studies, we also confirmed that Smpd1 gene knockout or silencing prevented homocysteine (Hcy)-induced elevation of EV release in the primary cultures of podocyte isolated from Smpd1-/- mice or podocytes of Podocre mice transfected with floxed Smpd1 shRNA compared with WT/WT podocytes. Smpd1 gene overexpression amplified Hcy-induced EV secretion from podocytes of Smpd1trg/Podocre mice, which was remarkably attenuated by transfection of floxed Smpd1 shRNA. Mechanistically, Hcy-induced elevation of EV release from podocytes was blocked by ASM inhibitor (amitriptyline, AMI), but not by NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitors (MCC950 and glycyrrhizin, GLY). Super-resolution microscopy also showed that ASM inhibitor, but not NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitors, prevented the inhibition of lysosome-multivesicular body interaction by Hcy in podocytes. Moreover, we found that podocyte-derived inflammatory EVs (released from podocytes treated with Hcy) induced podocyte injury, which was exaggerated by T cell coculture. Interstitial infusion of inflammatory EVs into renal cortex induced glomerular injury and immune cell infiltration. In conclusion, our findings suggest that ASM in podocytes plays a crucial role in the control of NLRP3 inflammasome activation and inflammatory EV release during hHcy and that the development of podocyte-specific ASM inhibition or Smpd1 gene silencing may be a novel therapeutic strategy for treatment of hHcy-induced glomerular disease with minimized side effect.NEW & NOTEWORTHY In the present study, we tested whether podocyte-specific silencing of Smpd1 gene attenuates hyperhomocysteinemia (hHcy)-induced nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor containing pyrin domain 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation and associated inflammatory extracellular vesicle (EV) release in podocytes and thereby suppresses glomerular inflammatory response and injury. Our findings suggest that acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) in podocytes plays a crucial role in the control of NLRP3 inflammasome activation and inflammatory EV release during hHcy. Based on our findings, it is anticipated that the development of podocyte-specific ASM inhibition or Smpd1 gene silencing may be a novel therapeutic strategy for treatment of hHcy-induced glomerular disease with minimized side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Huang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States
| | - Jason M Kidd
- Division of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States
| | - Yao Zou
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States
| | - Xiaoyuan Wu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States
| | - Ningjun Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States
| | - Todd W B Gehr
- Division of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States
| | - Pin-Lan Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States
| | - Guangbi Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States
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3
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Dorweiler TF, Singh A, Ganju A, Lydic TA, Glazer LC, Kolesnick RN, Busik JV. Diabetic retinopathy is a ceramidopathy reversible by anti-ceramide immunotherapy. Cell Metab 2024:S1550-4131(24)00133-5. [PMID: 38718792 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2024.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy is a microvascular disease that causes blindness. Using acid sphingomyelinase knockout mice, we reported that ceramide generation is critical for diabetic retinopathy development. Here, in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy, we identify vitreous ceramide imbalance with pathologic long-chain C16-ceramides increasing and protective very long-chain C26-ceramides decreasing. C16-ceramides generate pro-inflammatory/pro-apoptotic ceramide-rich platforms on endothelial surfaces. To geo-localize ceramide-rich platforms, we invented a three-dimensional confocal assay and showed that retinopathy-producing cytokines TNFα and IL-1β induce ceramide-rich platform formation on retinal endothelial cells within seconds, with volumes increasing 2-logs, yielding apoptotic death. Anti-ceramide antibodies abolish these events. Furthermore, intravitreal and systemic anti-ceramide antibodies protect from diabetic retinopathy in standardized rodent ischemia reperfusion and streptozotocin models. These data support (1) retinal endothelial ceramide as a diabetic retinopathy treatment target, (2) early-stage therapy of non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy to prevent progression, and (3) systemic diabetic retinopathy treatment; and they characterize diabetic retinopathy as a "ceramidopathy" reversible by anti-ceramide immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim F Dorweiler
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02113, USA
| | - Arjun Singh
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute New York, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Aditya Ganju
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute New York, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Todd A Lydic
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Louis C Glazer
- Vitreo-Retinal Associates, Grand Rapids, MI 49546, USA; Ophthalmology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Richard N Kolesnick
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute New York, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | - Julia V Busik
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; Biochemistry and Physiology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.
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4
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Wang P, Wang Y, Hu Y, Chen Z, Han L, Zhu W, Tian B, Fang A, Yang Y, Bi C, Yu Y. Plant hypersensitive induced reaction protein facilitates cell death induced by secreted xylanase associated with the pathogenicity of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 118:90-105. [PMID: 38113332 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Necrotrophic fungal plant pathogens employ cell death-inducing proteins (CDIPs) to facilitate infection. However, the specific CDIPs and their mechanisms in pathogenic processes of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, a necrotrophic pathogen that causes disease in many economically important crop species, have not yet been clearly defined. This study found that S. sclerotiorum secretes SsXyl2, a glycosyl hydrolase family 11 xylanase, at the late stage of hyphal infection. SsXyl2 targets the apoplast of host plants to induce cell death independent of xylanase activity. Targeted disruption of SsXyl2 leads to serious impairment of virulence, which can be recovered by a catalytically impaired SsXyl2 variant, thus supporting the critical role of cell death-inducing activity of SsXyl2 in establishing successful colonization of S. sclerotiorum. Remarkably, infection by S. sclerotiorum induces the accumulation of Nicotiana benthamiana hypersensitive-induced reaction protein 2 (NbHIR2). NbHIR2 interacts with SsXyl2 at the plasma membrane and promotes its localization to the cell membrane and cell death-inducing activity. Furthermore, gene-edited mutants of NbHIR2 displayed increased resistance to the wild-type strain of S. sclerotiorum, but not to the SsXyl2-deletion strain. Hence, SsXyl2 acts as a CDIP that manipulates host cell physiology by interacting with hypersensitive induced reaction protein to facilitate colonization by S. sclerotiorum. These findings provide valuable insights into the pathogenic mechanisms of CDIPs in necrotrophic pathogens and lead to a more promising approach for breeding resistant crops against S. sclerotiorum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yabo Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yawen Hu
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Ziyang Chen
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Lili Han
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Wenjun Zhu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430023, China
| | - Binnian Tian
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Anfei Fang
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yuheng Yang
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Chaowei Bi
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yang Yu
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
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Seal A, Hughes M, Wei F, Pugazhendhi AS, Ngo C, Ruiz J, Schwartzman JD, Coathup MJ. Sphingolipid-Induced Bone Regulation and Its Emerging Role in Dysfunction Due to Disease and Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3024. [PMID: 38474268 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25053024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The human skeleton is a metabolically active system that is constantly regenerating via the tightly regulated and highly coordinated processes of bone resorption and formation. Emerging evidence reveals fascinating new insights into the role of sphingolipids, including sphingomyelin, sphingosine, ceramide, and sphingosine-1-phosphate, in bone homeostasis. Sphingolipids are a major class of highly bioactive lipids able to activate distinct protein targets including, lipases, phosphatases, and kinases, thereby conferring distinct cellular functions beyond energy metabolism. Lipids are known to contribute to the progression of chronic inflammation, and notably, an increase in bone marrow adiposity parallel to elevated bone loss is observed in most pathological bone conditions, including aging, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, and osteomyelitis. Of the numerous classes of lipids that form, sphingolipids are considered among the most deleterious. This review highlights the important primary role of sphingolipids in bone homeostasis and how dysregulation of these bioactive metabolites appears central to many chronic bone-related diseases. Further, their contribution to the invasion, virulence, and colonization of both viral and bacterial host cell infections is also discussed. Many unmet clinical needs remain, and data to date suggest the future use of sphingolipid-targeted therapy to regulate bone dysfunction due to a variety of diseases or infection are highly promising. However, deciphering the biochemical and molecular mechanisms of this diverse and extremely complex sphingolipidome, both in terms of bone health and disease, is considered the next frontier in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anouska Seal
- Biionix Cluster, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
| | - Megan Hughes
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK
| | - Fei Wei
- Biionix Cluster, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
- College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
| | - Abinaya S Pugazhendhi
- Biionix Cluster, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
- College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
| | - Christopher Ngo
- Biionix Cluster, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
- College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
| | - Jonathan Ruiz
- College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
| | | | - Melanie J Coathup
- Biionix Cluster, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
- College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
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6
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Lang J, Soddemann M, Edwards MJ, Wilson GC, Lang KS, Gulbins E. Sphingosine Prevents Rhinoviral Infections. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2486. [PMID: 38473734 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Rhinoviral infections cause approximately 50% of upper respiratory tract infections and novel treatment options are urgently required. We tested the effects of 10 μM to 20 μM sphingosine on the infection of cultured and freshly isolated human cells with minor and major group rhinovirus in vitro. We also performed in vivo studies on mice that were treated with an intranasal application of 10 μL of either a 10 μM or a 100 μM sphingosine prior and after infection with rhinovirus strains 1 and 2 and determined the infection of nasal epithelial cells in the presence or absence of sphingosine. Finally, we determined and characterized a direct binding of sphingosine to rhinovirus. Our data show that treating freshly isolated human nasal epithelial cells with sphingosine prevents infections with rhinovirus strains 2 (minor group) and 14 (major group). Nasal infection of mice with rhinovirus 1b and 2 is prevented by the intranasal application of sphingosine before or as long as 8 h after infection with rhinovirus. Nasal application of the same doses of sphingosine exerts no adverse effects on epithelial cells as determined by hemalaun and TUNEL stainings. The solvent, octylglucopyranoside, was without any effect in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that the positively charged lipid sphingosine binds to negatively charged molecules in the virus, which seems to prevent the infection of epithelial cells. These findings indicate that exogenous sphingosine prevents infections with rhinoviruses, a finding that could be therapeutically exploited. In addition, we demonstrated that sphingosine has no obvious adverse effects on the nasal mucosa. Sphingosine prevents rhinoviral infections by a biophysical mode of action, suggesting that sphingosine could serve to prevent many viral infections of airways and epithelial cells in general. Future studies need to determine the molecular mechanisms of how sphingosine prevents rhinoviral infections and whether sphingosine also prevents infections with other viruses inducing respiratory tract infections. Furthermore, our studies do not provide detailed pharmacokinetics that are definitely required before the further development of sphingosine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Lang
- Department of Immunology, University Clinic, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Matthias Soddemann
- Department of Molecular Biology, University Clinic, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Michael J Edwards
- Department of Molecular Biology, University Clinic, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Gregory C Wilson
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Karl S Lang
- Department of Immunology, University Clinic, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Erich Gulbins
- Department of Molecular Biology, University Clinic, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45122 Essen, Germany
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
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Fernández Requena B, Nadeem S, Reddy VP, Naidoo V, Glasgow JN, Steyn AJC, Barbas C, Gonzalez-Riano C. LiLA: lipid lung-based ATLAS built through a comprehensive workflow designed for an accurate lipid annotation. Commun Biol 2024; 7:45. [PMID: 38182666 PMCID: PMC10770321 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05680-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Accurate lipid annotation is crucial for understanding the role of lipids in health and disease and identifying therapeutic targets. However, annotating the wide variety of lipid species in biological samples remains challenging in untargeted lipidomic studies. In this work, we present a lipid annotation workflow based on LC-MS and MS/MS strategies, the combination of four bioinformatic tools, and a decision tree to support the accurate annotation and semi-quantification of the lipid species present in lung tissue from control mice. The proposed workflow allowed us to generate a lipid lung-based ATLAS (LiLA), which was then employed to unveil the lipidomic signatures of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection at two different time points for a deeper understanding of the disease progression. This workflow, combined with manual inspection strategies of MS/MS data, can enhance the annotation process for lipidomic studies and guide the generation of sample-specific lipidome maps. LiLA serves as a freely available data resource that can be employed in future studies to address lipidomic alterations in mice lung tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belén Fernández Requena
- Centro de Metabolómica y Bioanálisis (CEMBIO), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28660, Boadilla del Monte, España
| | - Sajid Nadeem
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Vineel P Reddy
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | | | - Joel N Glasgow
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Adrie J C Steyn
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa
- Centers for AIDS Research and Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Coral Barbas
- Centro de Metabolómica y Bioanálisis (CEMBIO), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28660, Boadilla del Monte, España.
| | - Carolina Gonzalez-Riano
- Centro de Metabolómica y Bioanálisis (CEMBIO), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28660, Boadilla del Monte, España.
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8
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Molinar-Inglis O, DiCarlo AL, Lapinskas PJ, Rios CI, Satyamitra MM, Silverman TA, Winters TA, Cassatt DR. Radiation-induced multi-organ injury. Int J Radiat Biol 2024; 100:486-504. [PMID: 38166195 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2023.2295298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Natural history studies have been informative in dissecting radiation injury, isolating its effects, and compartmentalizing injury based on the extent of exposure and the elapsed time post-irradiation. Although radiation injury models are useful for investigating the mechanism of action in isolated subsyndromes and development of medical countermeasures (MCMs), it is clear that ionizing radiation exposure leads to multi-organ injury (MOI). METHODS The Radiation and Nuclear Countermeasures Program within the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases partnered with the Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority to convene a virtual two-day meeting titled 'Radiation-Induced Multi-Organ Injury' on June 7-8, 2022. Invited subject matter experts presented their research findings in MOI, including study of mechanisms and possible MCMs to address complex radiation-induced injuries. RESULTS This workshop report summarizes key information from each presentation and discussion by the speakers and audience participants. CONCLUSIONS Understanding the mechanisms that lead to radiation-induced MOI is critical to advancing candidate MCMs that could mitigate the injury and reduce associated morbidity and mortality. The observation that some of these mechanisms associated with MOI include systemic injuries, such as inflammation and vascular damage, suggests that MCMs that address systemic pathways could be effective against multiple organ systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Molinar-Inglis
- Radiation and Nuclear Countermeasures Program (RNCP), Division of Allergy, Immunology and Transplantation (DAIT), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Andrea L DiCarlo
- Radiation and Nuclear Countermeasures Program (RNCP), Division of Allergy, Immunology and Transplantation (DAIT), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Paula J Lapinskas
- Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority (BARDA), Administration for Strategic Preparedness and Response (ASPR), Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), Washington, DC, USA
| | - Carmen I Rios
- Radiation and Nuclear Countermeasures Program (RNCP), Division of Allergy, Immunology and Transplantation (DAIT), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Merriline M Satyamitra
- Radiation and Nuclear Countermeasures Program (RNCP), Division of Allergy, Immunology and Transplantation (DAIT), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Toby A Silverman
- Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority (BARDA), Administration for Strategic Preparedness and Response (ASPR), Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), Washington, DC, USA
| | - Thomas A Winters
- Radiation and Nuclear Countermeasures Program (RNCP), Division of Allergy, Immunology and Transplantation (DAIT), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD, USA
| | - David R Cassatt
- Radiation and Nuclear Countermeasures Program (RNCP), Division of Allergy, Immunology and Transplantation (DAIT), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD, USA
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9
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Canals D, Hannun YA. Biological function, topology, and quantification of plasma membrane Ceramide. Adv Biol Regul 2024; 91:101009. [PMID: 38128364 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2023.101009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Over the past 30 years, a growing body of evidence has revealed the regulatory role of the lipid ceramide in various cellular functions. The structural diversity of ceramide, resulting in numerous species, and its distinct distribution within subcellular compartments may account for its wide range of functions. However, our ability to study the potential role of ceramide in specific subcellular membranes has been limited. Several works have shown mitochondrial, Golgi, and plasma membrane ceramide to mediate signaling pathways independently. These results have started to shift the focus on ceramide signaling research toward specific membrane pools. Nonetheless, the challenge arises from the substantial intracellular ceramide content, hindering efforts to quantify its presence in particular membranes. Recently, we have developed the first method capable of detecting and quantifying ceramide in the plasma membrane, leading to unexpected results such as detecting different pools of ceramide responding to drug concentration or time. This review summarizes the historical context that defined the idea of pools of ceramide, the studies on plasma membrane ceramide as a bioactive entity, and the tools available for its study, especially the new method to detect and, for the first time, quantify plasma membrane ceramide. We believe this method will open new avenues for researching sphingolipid signaling and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Canals
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA; Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.
| | - Yusuf A Hannun
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA; Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.
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10
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Sotorilli GE, Gravina HD, de Carvalho AC, Shimizu JF, Fontoura MA, Melo-Hanchuk TD, Cordeiro AT, Marques RE. Phenotypical Screening of an MMV Open Box Library and Identification of Compounds with Antiviral Activity against St. Louis Encephalitis Virus. Viruses 2023; 15:2416. [PMID: 38140657 PMCID: PMC10747599 DOI: 10.3390/v15122416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
St. Louis encephalitis virus (SLEV) is a neglected mosquito-borne Flavivirus that may cause severe neurological disease in humans and other animals. There are no specific treatments against SLEV infection or disease approved for human use, and drug repurposing may represent an opportunity to accelerate the development of treatments against SLEV. Here we present a scalable, medium-throughput phenotypic cell culture-based screening assay on Vero CCL81 cells to identify bioactive compounds that could be repurposed against SLEV infection. We screened eighty compounds from the Medicines for Malaria Venture (MMV) COVID Box library to identify nine (11%) compounds that protected cell cultures from SLEV-induced cytopathic effects, with low- to mid-micromolar potencies. We validated six hit compounds using viral plaque-forming assays to find that the compounds ABT-239, Amiodarone, Fluphenazine, Posaconazole, Triparanol, and Vidofludimus presented varied levels of antiviral activity and selectivity depending on the mammalian cell type used for testing. Importantly, we identified and validated the antiviral activity of the anti-flavivirus nucleoside analog 7DMA against SLEV. Triparanol and Fluphenazine reduced infectious viral loads in both Vero CCL81 and HBEC-5i cell cultures and, similar to the other validated compounds, are likely to exert antiviral activity through a molecular target in the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuliana Eboli Sotorilli
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas 13083-100, Brazil; (G.E.S.); (H.D.G.); (A.C.d.C.); (J.F.S.); (M.A.F.); (T.D.M.-H.); (A.T.C.)
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-100, Brazil
| | - Humberto Doriguetto Gravina
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas 13083-100, Brazil; (G.E.S.); (H.D.G.); (A.C.d.C.); (J.F.S.); (M.A.F.); (T.D.M.-H.); (A.T.C.)
| | - Ana Carolina de Carvalho
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas 13083-100, Brazil; (G.E.S.); (H.D.G.); (A.C.d.C.); (J.F.S.); (M.A.F.); (T.D.M.-H.); (A.T.C.)
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-100, Brazil
| | - Jacqueline Farinha Shimizu
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas 13083-100, Brazil; (G.E.S.); (H.D.G.); (A.C.d.C.); (J.F.S.); (M.A.F.); (T.D.M.-H.); (A.T.C.)
| | - Marina Alves Fontoura
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas 13083-100, Brazil; (G.E.S.); (H.D.G.); (A.C.d.C.); (J.F.S.); (M.A.F.); (T.D.M.-H.); (A.T.C.)
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-100, Brazil
| | - Talita Diniz Melo-Hanchuk
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas 13083-100, Brazil; (G.E.S.); (H.D.G.); (A.C.d.C.); (J.F.S.); (M.A.F.); (T.D.M.-H.); (A.T.C.)
| | - Artur Torres Cordeiro
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas 13083-100, Brazil; (G.E.S.); (H.D.G.); (A.C.d.C.); (J.F.S.); (M.A.F.); (T.D.M.-H.); (A.T.C.)
| | - Rafael Elias Marques
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas 13083-100, Brazil; (G.E.S.); (H.D.G.); (A.C.d.C.); (J.F.S.); (M.A.F.); (T.D.M.-H.); (A.T.C.)
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11
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Fohmann I, Weinmann A, Schumacher F, Peters S, Prell A, Weigel C, Spiegel S, Kleuser B, Schubert-Unkmeir A. Sphingosine kinase 1/S1P receptor signaling axis is essential for cellular uptake of Neisseria meningitidis in brain endothelial cells. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011842. [PMID: 38033162 PMCID: PMC10715668 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Invasion of brain endothelial cells (BECs) is central to the pathogenicity of Neisseria meningitidis infection. Here, we established a key role for the bioactive sphingolipid sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) and S1P receptor (S1PR) 2 in the uptake process. Quantitative sphingolipidome analyses of BECs infected with N. meningitidis revealed elevated S1P levels, which could be attributed to enhanced expression of the enzyme sphingosine kinase 1 and its activity. Increased activity was dependent on the interaction of meningococcal type IV pilus with the endothelial receptor CD147. Concurrently, infection led to increased expression of the S1PR2. Blocking S1PR2 signaling impaired epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) phosphorylation, which has been shown to be involved in cytoskeletal remodeling and bacterial endocytosis. Strikingly, targeting S1PR1 or S1PR3 also interfered with bacterial uptake. Collectively, our data support a critical role of the SphK/S1P/S1PR axis in the invasion of N. meningitidis into BECs, defining a potential target for adjuvant therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingo Fohmann
- Institute for Hygiene and Microbiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Alina Weinmann
- Institute for Hygiene and Microbiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Fabian Schumacher
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Simon Peters
- Institute for Hygiene and Microbiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Agata Prell
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Cynthia Weigel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and the Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Sarah Spiegel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and the Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Burkhard Kleuser
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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12
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Garcia C, Andersen CJ, Blesso CN. The Role of Lipids in the Regulation of Immune Responses. Nutrients 2023; 15:3899. [PMID: 37764683 PMCID: PMC10535783 DOI: 10.3390/nu15183899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid metabolism plays a major role in the regulation of the immune system. Exogenous (dietary and microbial-derived) and endogenous (non-microbial-derived) lipids play a direct role in regulating immune cell activation, differentiation and expansion, and inflammatory phenotypes. Understanding the complexities of lipid-immune interactions may have important implications for human health, as certain lipids or immune pathways may be beneficial in circumstances of acute infection yet detrimental in chronic inflammatory diseases. Further, there are key differences in the lipid effects between specific immune cell types and location (e.g., gut mucosal vs. systemic immune cells), suggesting that the immunomodulatory properties of lipids may be tissue-compartment-specific, although the direct effect of dietary lipids on the mucosal immune system warrants further investigation. Importantly, there is recent evidence to suggest that lipid-immune interactions are dependent on sex, metabolic status, and the gut microbiome in preclinical models. While the lipid-immune relationship has not been adequately established in/translated to humans, research is warranted to evaluate the differences in lipid-immune interactions across individuals and whether the optimization of lipid-immune interactions requires precision nutrition approaches to mitigate or manage disease. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms by which lipids regulate immune responses and the influence of dietary lipids on these processes, highlighting compelling areas for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Christopher N. Blesso
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA; (C.G.); (C.J.A.)
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13
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Dobi D, Loberto N, Bassi R, Pistocchi A, Lunghi G, Tamanini A, Aureli M. Cross-talk between CFTR and sphingolipids in cystic fibrosis. FEBS Open Bio 2023; 13:1601-1614. [PMID: 37315117 PMCID: PMC10476574 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the most common inherited, life-limiting disorder in Caucasian populations. It is caused by mutations in the gene encoding the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), which lead to an impairment of protein expression and/or function. CFTR is a chloride/bicarbonate channel expressed at the apical surface of epithelial cells of different organs. Nowadays, more than 2100 CFTR genetic variants have been described, but not all of them cause CF. However, around 80-85% of the patients worldwide are characterized by the presence, at least in one allele, of the mutation F508del. CFTR mutations cause aberrant hydration and secretion of mucus in hollow organs. In the lungs, this condition favors bacterial colonization, allowing the development of chronic infections that lead to the onset of the CF lung disease, which is the main cause of death in patients. In recent years, evidence has reported that CFTR loss of function is responsible for alterations in a particular class of bioactive lipids, called sphingolipids (SL). SL are ubiquitously present in eukaryotic cells and are mainly asymmetrically located within the external leaflet of the plasma membrane, where they organize specific platforms capable of segregating a selected number of proteins. CFTR is associated with these platforms that are fundamental for its functioning. Considering the importance of SL in CFTR homeostasis, we attempt here to provide a critical overview of the literature to determine the role of these lipids in channel stability and activity, and whether their modulation in CF could be a target for new therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorina Dobi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational MedicineUniversity of MilanItaly
| | - Nicoletta Loberto
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational MedicineUniversity of MilanItaly
| | - Rosaria Bassi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational MedicineUniversity of MilanItaly
| | - Anna Pistocchi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational MedicineUniversity of MilanItaly
| | - Giulia Lunghi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational MedicineUniversity of MilanItaly
| | - Anna Tamanini
- Section of Clinical Biochemistry, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and MovementUniversity of VeronaItaly
| | - Massimo Aureli
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational MedicineUniversity of MilanItaly
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14
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Mir IH, Thirunavukkarasu C. The relevance of acid sphingomyelinase as a potential target for therapeutic intervention in hepatic disorders: current scenario and anticipated trends. Arch Toxicol 2023; 97:2069-2087. [PMID: 37248308 PMCID: PMC10226719 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-023-03529-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Acid sphingomyelinase (ASMase) serves as one of the most remarkable enzymes in sphingolipid biology. ASMase facilitates the hydrolysis of sphingomyelin, yielding ceramide and phosphorylcholine via the phospholipase C signal transduction pathway. Owing to its prominent intervention in apoptosis, ASMase, and its product ceramide is now at the bleeding edge of lipid research due to the coalesced efforts of several research institutions over the past 40 years. ASMase-catalyzed ceramide synthesis profoundly alters the physiological properties of membrane structure in response to a broad range of stimulations, orchestrating signaling cascades for endoplasmic reticulum stress, autophagy, and lysosomal membrane permeabilization, which influences the development of hepatic disorders, such as steatohepatitis, hepatic fibrosis, drug-induced liver injury, and hepatocellular carcinoma. As a result, the potential to modulate the ASMase action with appropriate pharmaceutical antagonists has sparked a lot of curiosity. This article emphasizes the fundamental mechanisms of the systems that govern ASMase aberrations in various hepatic pathologies. Furthermore, we present an insight into the potential therapeutic agents used to mitigate ASMase irregularities and the paramountcy of such inhibitors in drug repurposing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishfaq Hassan Mir
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, 605 014, India
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15
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Wilson GC, Patel SH, Wang J, Xu K, Turner KM, Becker KA, Carpinteiro A, Szabo I, Ahmad SA, Gulbins E. Acid sphingomyelinase expression is associated with survival in resectable pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. J Mol Med (Berl) 2023; 101:891-903. [PMID: 37246980 PMCID: PMC10300164 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-023-02331-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide. Unfortunately, the prognosis of PDAC is rather poor, and for instance, in the USA, over 47,000 people die because of pancreatic cancer annually. Here, we demonstrate that high expression of acid sphingomyelinase in PDAC strongly correlates with long-term survival of patients, as revealed by the analysis of two independent data sources. The positive effects of acid sphingomyelinase expression on long-term survival of PDAC patients were independent of patient demographics as well as tumor grade, lymph node involvement, perineural invasion, tumor stage, lymphovascular invasion, and adjuvant therapy. We also demonstrate that genetic deficiency or pharmacological inhibition of the acid sphingomyelinase promotes tumor growth in an orthotopic mouse model of PDAC. This is mirrored by a poorer pathologic response, as defined by the College of American Pathologists (CAP) score for pancreatic cancer, to neoadjuvant therapy of patients co-treated with functional inhibitors of the acid sphingomyelinase, in particular tricyclic antidepressants and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, in a retrospective analysis. Our data indicate expression of the acid sphingomyelinase in PDAC as a prognostic marker for tumor progression. They further suggest that the use of functional inhibitors of the acid sphingomyelinase, at least of tricyclic antidepressants and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in patients with PDAC, is contra-indicated. Finally, our data also suggest a potential novel treatment of PDAC patients with recombinant acid sphingomyelinase. KEY MESSAGES: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a common tumor with poor prognosis. Expression of acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) determines outcome of PDAC. Genetic deficiency or pharmacologic inhibition of ASM promotes tumor growth in a mouse model. Inhibition of ASM during neoadjuvant treatment for PDAC correlates with worse pathology. ASM expression is a prognostic marker and potential target in PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory C Wilson
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 231 Albert Sabin Way ML 05, Cincinnati, OH, 45267-0558, USA.
| | - Sameer H Patel
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 231 Albert Sabin Way ML 05, Cincinnati, OH, 45267-0558, USA
| | - Jiang Wang
- Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Kui Xu
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 231 Albert Sabin Way ML 05, Cincinnati, OH, 45267-0558, USA
| | - Kevin M Turner
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 231 Albert Sabin Way ML 05, Cincinnati, OH, 45267-0558, USA
| | - Katrin Anne Becker
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45122, Essen, Germany
| | - Alexander Carpinteiro
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45122, Essen, Germany
| | - Ildiko Szabo
- Department of Biology and CNR Institute of Neurosciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Syed A Ahmad
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 231 Albert Sabin Way ML 05, Cincinnati, OH, 45267-0558, USA
| | - Erich Gulbins
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 231 Albert Sabin Way ML 05, Cincinnati, OH, 45267-0558, USA.
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45122, Essen, Germany.
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16
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Chen P, Wu M, He Y, Jiang B, He ML. Metabolic alterations upon SARS-CoV-2 infection and potential therapeutic targets against coronavirus infection. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:237. [PMID: 37286535 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01510-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 infection has become a global pandemic due to the high viral transmissibility and pathogenesis, bringing enormous burden to our society. Most patients infected by SARS-CoV-2 are asymptomatic or have mild symptoms. Although only a small proportion of patients progressed to severe COVID-19 with symptoms including acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), disseminated coagulopathy, and cardiovascular disorders, severe COVID-19 is accompanied by high mortality rates with near 7 million deaths. Nowadays, effective therapeutic patterns for severe COVID-19 are still lacking. It has been extensively reported that host metabolism plays essential roles in various physiological processes during virus infection. Many viruses manipulate host metabolism to avoid immunity, facilitate their own replication, or to initiate pathological response. Targeting the interaction between SARS-CoV-2 and host metabolism holds promise for developing therapeutic strategies. In this review, we summarize and discuss recent studies dedicated to uncovering the role of host metabolism during the life cycle of SARS-CoV-2 in aspects of entry, replication, assembly, and pathogenesis with an emphasis on glucose metabolism and lipid metabolism. Microbiota and long COVID-19 are also discussed. Ultimately, we recapitulate metabolism-modulating drugs repurposed for COVID-19 including statins, ASM inhibitors, NSAIDs, Montelukast, omega-3 fatty acids, 2-DG, and metformin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiran Chen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, HKSAR, Hong Kong, China
| | - Mandi Wu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, HKSAR, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yaqing He
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Binghua Jiang
- Cell Signaling and Proteomic Center, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Ming-Liang He
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, HKSAR, Hong Kong, China.
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17
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Pauletto PJT, Delgado CP, da Rocha JBT. Acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) and COVID-19: A review of the potential use of ASM inhibitors against SARS-CoV-2. Cell Biochem Funct 2023; 41:284-295. [PMID: 36929117 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
In the last 2 years, different pharmacological agents have been indicated as potential inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 in vitro. Specifically, drugs termed as functional inhibitors of acid sphingomyelinase (FIASMAs) have proved to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 replication using different types of cells. Those therapeutic agents share several chemical structure characteristics and some well-known representatives are fluoxetine, escitalopram, fluvoxamine, and others. Most of the FIASMAs are primarily used as effective therapeutic agents to treat different pathologies, therefore, they are natural drug candidates for repositioning strategy. In this review, we summarize the two main proposed mechanisms mediating acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) inhibition and how they can explain the inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 replication by FIASMAs. The first mechanism implies a disruption in the lysosomal pH fall as the endosome-lysosome moves toward the interior of the cell. In fact, changes in cholesterol levels in endosome-lysosome membranes, which are associated with ASM inhibition is thought to be mediated by lysosomal proton pump (ATP-ase) inactivation. The second mechanism involves the formation of an extracellular ceramide-rich domain, which is blocked by FIASMAs. The ceramide-rich domains are believed to facilitate the SARS-CoV-2 entrance into the host cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro José Tronco Pauletto
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Cassia Pereira Delgado
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - João Batista Teixeira da Rocha
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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18
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE This work addressing complexities in wound infection, seeks to test the reliance of bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) on host skin lipids to form biofilm with pathological consequences. BACKGROUND PA biofilm causes wound chronicity. Both CDC as well as NIH recognizes biofilm infection as a threat leading to wound chronicity. Chronic wounds on lower extremities often lead to surgical limb amputation. METHODS An established preclinical porcine chronic wound biofilm model, infected with PA or Pseudomonas aeruginosa ceramidase mutant (PA ∆Cer ), was used. RESULTS We observed that bacteria drew resource from host lipids to induce PA ceramidase expression by three orders of magnitude. PA utilized product of host ceramide catabolism to augment transcription of PA ceramidase. Biofilm formation was more robust in PA compared to PA ∆Cer . Downstream products of such metabolism such as sphingosine and sphingosine-1-phosphate were both directly implicated in the induction of ceramidase and inhibition of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)δ, respectively. PA biofilm, in a ceram-idastin-sensitive manner, also silenced PPARδ via induction of miR-106b. Low PPARδ limited ABCA12 expression resulting in disruption of skin lipid homeostasis. Barrier function of the wound-site was thus compromised. CONCLUSIONS This work demonstrates that microbial pathogens must co-opt host skin lipids to unleash biofilm pathogenicity. Anti-biofilm strategies must not necessarily always target the microbe and targeting host lipids at risk of infection could be productive. This work may be viewed as a first step, laying fundamental mechanistic groundwork, toward a paradigm change in biofilm management.
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19
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Zhao W, Yang C, Zhang N, Peng Y, Ma Y, Gu K, Liu X, Liu X, Liu X, Liu Y, Li S, Zhao L. Menthone Exerts its Antimicrobial Activity Against Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus by Affecting Cell Membrane Properties and Lipid Profile. Drug Des Devel Ther 2023; 17:219-236. [PMID: 36721663 PMCID: PMC9884481 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s384716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The characteristic constituents of essential oils from aromatic plants have been widely applied as antimicrobial agents in the last decades. However, their mechanisms of action remain obscure, especially from the metabolic perspective. The aim of the study was to explore the antimicrobial effect and mechanism of menthone, a main component of peppermint oil, against methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Methods An integrated approach including the microbiology and the high-coverage lipidomics was applied. The changes of membrane properties were studies by the fluorescence and electron microscopical observations. The lipid profile was analyzed by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadruple Exactive mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QE-MS). The lipid-related key targets which were associated with the inhibitory effect of menthone against MRSA, were studied by network analysis and molecular docking. Results Menthone exhibited antibacterial activities against MRSA, with minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) of 3,540 and 7,080 μg/mL, respectively. The membrane potential and membrane integrity upon menthone treatment were observed to change strikingly. Further, lipids fingerprinting identified 136 significantly differential lipid species in MRSA cells exposed to menthone at subinhibitory level of 0.1× MIC. These metabolites span 30 important lipid classes belonging to glycerophospholipids, glycolipids, and sphingolipids. Lastly, the correlations of these altered lipids, as well as the potential metabolic pathways and targets associated with menthone treatment were deciphered preliminarily. Conclusion Menthone had potent antibacterial effect on MRSA, and the mechanism of action involved the alteration of membrane structural components and corresponding properties. The interactions of identified key lipid species and their biological functions need to be further determined and verified, for the development of novel antimicrobial strategies against MRSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenming Zhao
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The 940th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of PLA, Lanzhou, People’s Republic of China,Department of Orthopedics, Zhangye Second People’s Hospital, Zhangye, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chengwei Yang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The 940th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of PLA, Lanzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ning Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Peng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Ma
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Keru Gu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xia Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xijian Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yumin Liu
- Instrumental Analysis Centre, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Songkai Li
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The 940th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of PLA, Lanzhou, People’s Republic of China,Songkai Li, Department of Spinal Surgery, The 940th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of PLA, Lanzhou, People’s Republic of China, Email
| | - Linjing Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China,Correspondence: Linjing Zhao, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China, Email
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20
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Gulbins A, Görtz GE, Gulbins E, Eckstein A. Sphingolipids in thyroid eye disease. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1170884. [PMID: 37082124 PMCID: PMC10112667 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1170884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Graves' disease (GD) is caused by an autoimmune formation of autoantibodies and autoreactive T-cells against the thyroid stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR). The autoimmune reaction does not only lead to overstimulation of the thyroid gland, but very often also to an immune reaction against antigens within the orbital tissue leading to thyroid eye disease, which is characterized by activation of orbital fibroblasts, orbital generation of adipocytes and myofibroblasts and increased hyaluronan production in the orbit. Thyroid eye disease is the most common extra-thyroidal manifestation of the autoimmune Graves' disease. Several studies indicate an important role of sphingolipids, in particular the acid sphingomyelinase/ceramide system and sphingosine 1-phosphate in thyroid eye disease. Here, we discuss how the biophysical properties of sphingolipids contribute to cell signaling, in particular in the context of thyroid eye disease. We further review the role of the acid sphingomyelinase/ceramide system in autoimmune diseases and its function in T lymphocytes to provide some novel hypotheses for the pathogenesis of thyroid eye disease and potentially allowing the development of novel treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Gulbins
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Gina-Eva Görtz
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Erich Gulbins
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- *Correspondence: Anja Eckstein, ; Erich Gulbins,
| | - Anja Eckstein
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- *Correspondence: Anja Eckstein, ; Erich Gulbins,
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21
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Zhang N, Peng Y, Zhao L, He P, Zhu J, Liu Y, Liu X, Liu X, Deng G, Zhang Z, Feng M. Integrated Analysis of Gut Microbiome and Lipid Metabolism in Mice Infected with Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12100892. [PMID: 36295794 PMCID: PMC9609999 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12100892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The disturbance in gut microbiota composition and metabolism has been implicated in the process of pathogenic bacteria infection. However, the characteristics of the microbiota and the metabolic interaction of commensals−host during pathogen invasion remain more than vague. In this study, the potential associations of gut microbes with disturbed lipid metabolism in mice upon carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli (CRE) infection were explored by the biochemical and multi-omics approaches including metagenomics, metabolomics and lipidomics, and then the key metabolites−reaction−enzyme−gene interaction network was constructed. Results showed that intestinal Erysipelotrichaceae family was strongly associated with the hepatic total cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol, as well as a few sera and fecal metabolites involved in lipid metabolism such as 24, 25-dihydrolanosterol. A high-coverage lipidomic analysis further demonstrated that a total of 529 lipid molecules was significantly enriched and 520 were depleted in the liver of mice infected with CRE. Among them, 35 lipid species showed high correlations (|r| > 0.8 and p < 0.05) with the Erysipelotrichaceae family, including phosphatidylglycerol (42:2), phosphatidylglycerol (42:3), phosphatidylglycerol (38:5), phosphatidylcholine (42:4), ceramide (d17:1/16:0), ceramide (d18:1/16:0) and diacylglycerol (20:2), with correlation coefficients higher than 0.9. In conclusion, the systematic multi-omics study improved the understanding of the complicated connection between the microbiota and the host during pathogen invasion, which thereby is expected to lead to the future discovery and establishment of novel control strategies for CRE infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Pharmaceutical Intelligent Equipment, Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Center for Druggability of Cardiovascular Noncoding RNA, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Yuanyuan Peng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Pharmaceutical Intelligent Equipment, Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Center for Druggability of Cardiovascular Noncoding RNA, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Linjing Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Pharmaceutical Intelligent Equipment, Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Center for Druggability of Cardiovascular Noncoding RNA, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-21-6779-1214
| | - Peng He
- Minhang Hospital & School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Immunotherapeutic, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jiamin Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Pharmaceutical Intelligent Equipment, Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Center for Druggability of Cardiovascular Noncoding RNA, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Yumin Liu
- Instrumental Analysis Centre, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xijian Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Pharmaceutical Intelligent Equipment, Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Center for Druggability of Cardiovascular Noncoding RNA, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Pharmaceutical Intelligent Equipment, Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Center for Druggability of Cardiovascular Noncoding RNA, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Guoying Deng
- Trauma Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Zhong Zhang
- Nursing Department, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Meiqing Feng
- Minhang Hospital & School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Immunotherapeutic, Shanghai 201203, China
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22
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Li L, Mac Aogáin M, Xu T, Jaggi TK, Chan LLY, Qu J, Wei L, Liao S, Cheng HS, Keir HR, Dicker AJ, Tan KS, De Yun W, Koh MS, Ong TH, Lim AYH, Abisheganaden JA, Low TB, Hassan TM, Long X, Wark PAB, Oliver B, Drautz-Moses DI, Schuster SC, Tan NS, Fang M, Chalmers JD, Chotirmall SH. Neisseria species as pathobionts in bronchiectasis. Cell Host Microbe 2022; 30:1311-1327.e8. [PMID: 36108613 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2022.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Neisseria species are frequently identified in the bronchiectasis microbiome, but they are regarded as respiratory commensals. Using a combination of human cohorts, next-generation sequencing, systems biology, and animal models, we show that bronchiectasis bacteriomes defined by the presence of Neisseria spp. associate with poor clinical outcomes, including exacerbations. Neisseria subflava cultivated from bronchiectasis patients promotes the loss of epithelial integrity and inflammation in primary epithelial cells. In vivo animal models of Neisseria subflava infection and metabolipidome analysis highlight immunoinflammatory functional gene clusters and provide evidence for pulmonary inflammation. The murine metabolipidomic data were validated with human Neisseria-dominant bronchiectasis samples and compared with disease in which Pseudomonas-, an established bronchiectasis pathogen, is dominant. Metagenomic surveillance of Neisseria across various respiratory disorders reveals broader importance, and the assessment of the home environment in bronchiectasis implies potential environmental sources of exposure. Thus, we identify Neisseria species as pathobionts in bronchiectasis, allowing for improved risk stratification in this high-risk group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China; Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Micheál Mac Aogáin
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore; Biochemical Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland; Clinical Biochemistry Unit, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Tengfei Xu
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore; College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PRC
| | - Tavleen Kaur Jaggi
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Louisa L Y Chan
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jing Qu
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lan Wei
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shumin Liao
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hong Sheng Cheng
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Holly R Keir
- University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital, Medical School, Dundee, Scotland
| | - Alison J Dicker
- University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital, Medical School, Dundee, Scotland
| | - Kai Sen Tan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Infectious Disease Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wang De Yun
- Department of Otolaryngology, Infectious Disease Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mariko Siyue Koh
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Thun How Ong
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Albert Yick Hou Lim
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - John A Abisheganaden
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Teck Boon Low
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Changi General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Xiang Long
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Critical Care, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Peter A B Wark
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia; Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Brian Oliver
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Daniela I Drautz-Moses
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering (SCELSE), Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Stephan C Schuster
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering (SCELSE), Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nguan Soon Tan
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore; School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mingliang Fang
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - James D Chalmers
- University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital, Medical School, Dundee, Scotland
| | - Sanjay H Chotirmall
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.
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23
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Inimitable Impacts of Ceramides on Lipid Rafts Formed in Artificial and Natural Cell Membranes. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12080727. [PMID: 35893445 PMCID: PMC9330320 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12080727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Ceramide is the simplest precursor of sphingolipids and is involved in a variety of biological functions ranging from apoptosis to the immune responses. Although ceramide is a minor constituent of plasma membranes, it drastically increases upon cellular stimulation. However, the mechanistic link between ceramide generation and signal transduction remains unknown. To address this issue, the effect of ceramide on phospholipid membranes has been examined in numerous studies. One of the most remarkable findings of these studies is that ceramide induces the coalescence of membrane domains termed lipid rafts. Thus, it has been hypothesised that ceramide exerts its biological activity through the structural alteration of lipid rafts. In the present article, we first discuss the characteristic hydrogen bond functionality of ceramides. Then, we showed the impact of ceramide on the structures of artificial and cell membranes, including the coalescence of the pre-existing lipid raft into a large patch called a signal platform. Moreover, we proposed a possible structure of the signal platform, in which sphingomyelin/cholesterol-rich and sphingomyelin/ceramide-rich domains coexist. This structure is considered to be beneficial because membrane proteins and their inhibitors are separately compartmentalised in those domains. Considering the fact that ceramide/cholesterol content regulates the miscibility of those two domains in model membranes, the association and dissociation of membrane proteins and their inhibitors might be controlled by the contents of ceramide and cholesterol in the signal platform.
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24
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Lannes-Costa PS, Pimentel BADS, Nagao PE. Role of Caveolin-1 in Sepsis – A Mini-Review. Front Immunol 2022; 13:902907. [PMID: 35911737 PMCID: PMC9334647 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.902907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a generalized disease characterized by an extreme response to a severe infection. Moreover, challenges remain in the diagnosis, treatment and management of septic patients. In this mini-review we demonstrate developments on cellular pathogenesis and the role of Caveolin-1 (Cav-1) in sepsis. Studies have shown that Cav-1 has a significant role in sepsis through the regulation of membrane traffic and intracellular signaling pathways. In addition, activation of apoptosis/autophagy is considered relevant for the progression and development of sepsis. However, how Cav-1 is involved in sepsis remains unclear, and the precise mechanisms need to be further investigated. Finally, the role of Cav-1 in altering cell permeability during inflammation, in sepsis caused by microorganisms, apoptosis/autophagy activation and new therapies under study are discussed in this mini-review.
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25
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Zhuo C, Zhao F, Tian H, Chen J, Li Q, Yang L, Ping J, Li R, Wang L, Xu Y, Cai Z, Song X. Acid sphingomyelinase/ceramide system in schizophrenia: implications for therapeutic intervention as a potential novel target. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:260. [PMID: 35739089 PMCID: PMC9226132 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-01999-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a severe mental illness, as the efficacies of current antipsychotic medications are far from satisfactory. An improved understanding of the signaling molecules involved in schizophrenia may provide novel therapeutic targets. Acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) catalyzes cellular membrane sphingomyelin into ceramide, which is further metabolized into sphingosine-1-phophate (S1P). ASM, ceramide, and S1P at the cell surface exert critical roles in the regulation of biophysical processes that include proliferation, apoptosis, and inflammation, and are thereby considered important signaling molecules. Although research on the ASM/ceramide system is still in its infancy, structural and metabolic abnormalities have been demonstrated in schizophrenia. ASM/ceramide system dysfunction is linked to the two important models of schizophrenia, the dopamine (DA) hypothesis through affecting presynaptic DA signaling, and the vulnerability-stress-inflammation model that includes the contribution of stress on the basis of genetic predisposition. In this review, we highlight the current knowledge of ASM/ceramide system dysfunction in schizophrenia gained from human and animal studies, and formulate future directions from the biological landscape for the development of new treatments. Collectively, these discoveries suggest that aberrations in the ASM/ceramide system, especially in ASM activity and levels of ceramide and S1P, may alter cerebral microdomain structure and neuronal metabolism, leading to neurotransmitter (e.g., DA) dysfunction and neuroinflammation. As such, the ASM/ceramide system may offer therapeutic targets for novel medical interventions. Normalization of the aberrant ASM/ceramide system or ceramide reduction by using approved functional inhibitors of ASM, such as fluvoxamine and rosuvastatin, may improve clinical outcomes of patients with schizophrenia. These transformative findings of the ASM/ceramide system in schizophrenia, although intriguing and exciting, may pose scientific questions and challenges that will require further studies for their resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanjun Zhuo
- Key Laboratory of Real Time Tracing Brain Circuit, Tianjin Medical Affiliated Tianjin Fourth Center Hospital, Nankai University Affiliated Tianjin Fourth Center Hospital, Tianjin Fourth Hospital, 300140, Tianjin, China. .,The key Laboratory of Psychiatric-Neuroimaging-Genetics and Comorbidity (PNGC_Lab) of Tianjin Anding Hospital, Tianjin Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, 300222, Tianjin, China. .,Brain Micro-imaging Center of Psychiatric Animal Model, Wenzhou Seventh Peoples Hospital, 325000, Wenzhou, China. .,Department of Psychiatry, The Fourth Center Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, 300222, Tianjin, China. .,Key Laboratory of the Macro-Brain Neuroimaging Center of Animal Model, Wenzhou Seventh Peoples Hospital, 325000, Wenzhou, China. .,Department of Psychiatry, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, 03000, Taiyuan, China. .,Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Feifei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of the Macro-Brain Neuroimaging Center of Animal Model, Wenzhou Seventh Peoples Hospital, 325000 Wenzhou, China
| | - Hongjun Tian
- grid.265021.20000 0000 9792 1228Department of Psychiatry, The Fourth Center Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, 300222 Tianjin, China
| | - Jiayue Chen
- grid.265021.20000 0000 9792 1228Department of Psychiatry, The Fourth Center Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, 300222 Tianjin, China
| | - Qianchen Li
- grid.265021.20000 0000 9792 1228Department of Psychiatry, The Fourth Center Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, 300222 Tianjin, China
| | - Lei Yang
- grid.265021.20000 0000 9792 1228Department of Psychiatry, The Fourth Center Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, 300222 Tianjin, China
| | - Jing Ping
- Key Laboratory of the Macro-Brain Neuroimaging Center of Animal Model, Wenzhou Seventh Peoples Hospital, 325000 Wenzhou, China
| | - Ranli Li
- Key Laboratory of the Macro-Brain Neuroimaging Center of Animal Model, Wenzhou Seventh Peoples Hospital, 325000 Wenzhou, China
| | - Lina Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Macro-Brain Neuroimaging Center of Animal Model, Wenzhou Seventh Peoples Hospital, 325000 Wenzhou, China
| | - Yong Xu
- grid.452461.00000 0004 1762 8478Department of Psychiatry, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, 03000 Taiyuan, China
| | - Ziyao Cai
- Key Laboratory of the Macro-Brain Neuroimaging Center of Animal Model, Wenzhou Seventh Peoples Hospital, 325000 Wenzhou, China
| | - Xueqin Song
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, China.
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26
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Sharma D, Czarnota GJ. Involvement of Ceramide Signalling in Radiation-Induced Tumour Vascular Effects and Vascular-Targeted Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126671. [PMID: 35743121 PMCID: PMC9223569 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipids are well-recognized critical components in several biological processes. Ceramides constitute a class of sphingolipid metabolites that are involved in important signal transduction pathways that play key roles in determining the fate of cells to survive or die. Ceramide accumulated in cells causes apoptosis; however, ceramide metabolized to sphingosine promotes cell survival and angiogenesis. Studies suggest that vascular-targeted therapies increase endothelial cell ceramide resulting in apoptosis that leads to tumour cure. Specifically, ultrasound-stimulated microbubbles (USMB) used as vascular disrupting agents can perturb endothelial cells, eliciting acid sphingomyelinase (ASMase) activation accompanied by ceramide release. This phenomenon results in endothelial cell death and vascular collapse and is synergistic with other antitumour treatments such as radiation. In contrast, blocking the generation of ceramide using multiple approaches, including the conversion of ceramide to sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), abrogates this process. The ceramide-based cell survival "rheostat" between these opposing signalling metabolites is essential in the mechanotransductive vascular targeting following USMB treatment. In this review, we aim to summarize the past and latest findings on ceramide-based vascular-targeted strategies, including novel mechanotransductive methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepa Sharma
- Physical Sciences, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada;
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
- Departments of Medical Biophysics and Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-416-480-6100 (ext. 89533)
| | - Gregory J. Czarnota
- Physical Sciences, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada;
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
- Departments of Medical Biophysics and Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
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27
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Zhao L, Liao C, Chen D, Zhang D, Li G, Zhang X. Stiffening Effect of Ceramide on Lipid Membranes Provides Non-Sacrificial Protection against Potent Chemical Damage. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:3522-3529. [PMID: 35263105 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c03427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Ceramide is a sphingolipid that constitutes only a small fraction of membrane biomolecules but plays a central role in regulating many biological processes. The ceramide level in cell membranes can drastically increase in response to external damage, which has been hypothesized to involve ceramide's biophysical role that increases the membrane packing density and lowers the membrane permeability. However, direct observation of the consequent influence on membrane chemistry resulting from these ceramide-induced physical properties has been absent. Using our unique field-induced droplet ionization mass spectrometry technique combined with molecular dynamics simulations, here we report that the addition of ceramide to POPC monolayer membranes at the air-water interface greatly reduces the chemical damage from potent chemicals, •OH radicals, and HCl vapor, by stiffening the membrane packing and lowering the permeability. These results shed new light on the underlying chemoprotective role of ceramide in lipid membranes, which might serve as a previously unknown protection mechanism in response to external stimuli that cause cell stress or death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Zhao
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (ReCAST), Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Shenzhen Research Institute, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Chenyi Liao
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling and Design, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Danye Chen
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (ReCAST), Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Shenzhen Research Institute, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Dongmei Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (ReCAST), Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Shenzhen Research Institute, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Guohui Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling and Design, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Xinxing Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (ReCAST), Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Shenzhen Research Institute, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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28
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Acid Sphingomyelinase Is a Modulator of Contextual Fear. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063398. [PMID: 35328819 PMCID: PMC8954852 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) regulates a variety of physiological processes and plays an important role in emotional behavior. The role of ASM in fear-related behavior has not been investigated so far. Using transgenic mice overexpressing ASM (ASMtg) and ASM deficient mice, we studied whether ASM regulates fear learning and expression of cued and contextual fear in a classical fear conditioning paradigm, a model used to investigate specific attributes of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). We show that ASM does not affect fear learning as both ASMtg and ASM deficient mice display unaltered fear conditioning when compared to wild-type littermates. However, ASM regulates the expression of contextual fear in a sex-specific manner. While ASM overexpression enhances the expression of contextual fear in both male and female mice, ASM deficiency reduces the expression of contextual fear specifically in male mice. The expression of cued fear, however, is not regulated by ASM as ASMtg and ASM deficient mice display similar tone-elicited freezing levels. This study shows that ASM modulates the expression of contextual fear but not of cued fear in a sex-specific manner and adds a novel piece of information regarding the involvement of ASM in hippocampal-dependent aversive memory.
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29
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Pokorna S, Ventura AE, Santos TCB, Hof M, Prieto M, Futerman AH, Silva LC. Laurdan in live cell imaging: Effect of acquisition settings, cell culture conditions and data analysis on generalized polarization measurements. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2022; 228:112404. [PMID: 35196617 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2022.112404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cell function is highly dependent on membrane structure, organization, and fluidity. Therefore, methods to probe the biophysical properties of biological membranes are required. Determination of generalized polarization (GP) values using Laurdan in fluorescence microscopy studies is one of the most widely-used methods to investigate changes in membrane fluidity in vitro and in vivo. In the last couple of decades, there has been a major increase in the number of studies using Laurdan GP, where several different methodological approaches are used. Such differences interfere with data interpretation inasmuch as it is difficult to validate if Laurdan GP variations actually reflect changes in membrane organization or arise from biased experimental approaches. To address this, we evaluated the influence of different methodological details of experimental data acquisition and analysis on Laurdan GP. Our results showed that absolute GP values are highly dependent on several of the parameters analyzed, showing that incorrect data can result from technical and methodological inconsistencies. Considering these differences, we further analyzed the impact of cell variability on GP determination, focusing on basic cell culture conditions, such as cell confluency, number of passages and media composition. Our results show that GP values can report alterations in the biophysical properties of cell membranes caused by cellular adaptation to the culture conditions. In summary, this study provides thorough analysis of the factors that can lead to Laurdan GP variability and suggests approaches to improve data quality, which would generate more precise interpretation and comparison within individual studies and among the literature on Laurdan GP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarka Pokorna
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel; J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, 182 23 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Ana E Ventura
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel; iMed.ULisboa - Research Institute for Medicines, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal; iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Tânia C B Santos
- iMed.ULisboa - Research Institute for Medicines, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal; iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Martin Hof
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, 182 23 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Manuel Prieto
- iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, Lisboa, Portugal; Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy at Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Anthony H Futerman
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Liana C Silva
- iMed.ULisboa - Research Institute for Medicines, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal.
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Administration of an Acidic Sphingomyelinase (ASMase) Inhibitor, Imipramine, Reduces Hypoglycemia-Induced Hippocampal Neuronal Death. Cells 2022; 11:cells11040667. [PMID: 35203316 PMCID: PMC8869983 DOI: 10.3390/cells11040667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe hypoglycemia (below 35 mg/dL) appears most often in diabetes patients who continuously inject insulin. To rapidly cease the hypoglycemic state in this study, glucose reperfusion was conducted, which can induce a secondary neuronal death cascade following hypoglycemia. Acid sphingomyelinase (ASMase) hydrolyzes sphingomyelin into ceramide and phosphorylcholine. ASMase activity can be influenced by cations, pH, redox, lipids, and other proteins in the cells, and there are many changes in these factors in hypoglycemia. Thus, we expect that ASMase is activated excessively after hypoglycemia. Ceramide is known to cause free radical production, excessive inflammation, calcium dysregulation, and lysosomal injury, resulting in apoptosis and the necrosis of neurons. Imipramine is mainly used in the treatment of depression and certain anxiety disorders, and it is particularly known as an ASMase inhibitor. We hypothesized that imipramine could decrease hippocampal neuronal death by reducing ceramide via the inhibition of ASMase after hypoglycemia. In the present study, we confirmed that the administration of imipramine significantly reduced hypoglycemia-induced neuronal death and improved cognitive function. Therefore, we suggest that imipramine may be a promising therapeutic tool for preventing hypoglycemia-induced neuronal death.
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Thomas JM, Sudhadevi T, Basa P, Ha AW, Natarajan V, Harijith A. The Role of Sphingolipid Signaling in Oxidative Lung Injury and Pathogenesis of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031254. [PMID: 35163176 PMCID: PMC8835774 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Premature infants are born with developing lungs burdened by surfactant deficiency and a dearth of antioxidant defense systems. Survival rate of such infants has significantly improved due to advances in care involving mechanical ventilation and oxygen supplementation. However, a significant subset of such survivors develops the chronic lung disease, Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), characterized by enlarged, simplified alveoli and deformed airways. Among a host of factors contributing to the pathogenesis is oxidative damage induced by exposure of the developing lungs to hyperoxia. Recent data indicate that hyperoxia induces aberrant sphingolipid signaling, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction and abnormal reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation (ROS). The role of sphingolipids such as ceramides and sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), in the development of BPD emerged in the last decade. Both ceramide and S1P are elevated in tracheal aspirates of premature infants of <32 weeks gestational age developing BPD. This was faithfully reflected in the murine models of hyperoxia and BPD, where there is an increased expression of sphingolipid metabolites both in lung tissue and bronchoalveolar lavage. Treatment of neonatal pups with a sphingosine kinase1 specific inhibitor, PF543, resulted in protection against BPD as neonates, accompanied by improved lung function and reduced airway remodeling as adults. This was accompanied by reduced mitochondrial ROS formation. S1P receptor1 induced by hyperoxia also aggravates BPD, revealing another potential druggable target in this pathway for BPD. In this review we aim to provide a detailed description on the role played by sphingolipid signaling in hyperoxia induced lung injury and BPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaya M. Thomas
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (J.M.T.); (T.S.); (P.B.); (A.W.H.)
| | - Tara Sudhadevi
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (J.M.T.); (T.S.); (P.B.); (A.W.H.)
| | - Prathima Basa
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (J.M.T.); (T.S.); (P.B.); (A.W.H.)
| | - Alison W. Ha
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (J.M.T.); (T.S.); (P.B.); (A.W.H.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Viswanathan Natarajan
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA;
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Anantha Harijith
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (J.M.T.); (T.S.); (P.B.); (A.W.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(216)-286-7038
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Abu-Arish A, Pandžić E, Luo Y, Sato Y, Turner MJ, Wiseman PW, Hanrahan JW. Lipid-driven CFTR clustering is impaired in CF and restored by corrector drugs. J Cell Sci 2022; 135:274066. [PMID: 35060604 PMCID: PMC8976878 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.259002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Membrane proteins often cluster in nanoscale membrane domains (lipid rafts) that coalesce into ceramide-rich platforms during cell stress, however the clustering mechanisms remain uncertain. The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), which is mutated in cystic fibrosis (CF), forms clusters that are cholesterol-dependent and become incorporated into long-lived platforms during hormonal stimulation. We report here that clustering does not involve known tethering interactions of CFTR with PDZ domain proteins, filamin A or the actin cytoskeleton. It also does not require CFTR palmitoylation but is critically dependent on membrane lipid order and is induced by detergents that increase the phase separation of membrane lipids. Clustering and integration of CFTR into ceramide-rich platforms are abolished by the disease mutations F508del and S13F and rescued by the CFTR modulators elexacaftor+tezacaftor. These results indicate CF therapeutics that correct mutant protein folding restore both trafficking and normal lipid interactions in the plasma membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmahan Abu-Arish
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montréal QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
- Cystic Fibrosis Translational Research centre, McGill University, Canada
| | - Elvis Pandžić
- UNSW Australia, Biomedical Imaging Facility, Mark Wainwright Analytical Center, Sydney, Australia
| | - Yishan Luo
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montréal QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
- Cystic Fibrosis Translational Research centre, McGill University, Canada
| | - Yukiko Sato
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montréal QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
- Cystic Fibrosis Translational Research centre, McGill University, Canada
| | - Mark J. Turner
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montréal QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
- Cystic Fibrosis Translational Research centre, McGill University, Canada
| | - Paul W. Wiseman
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Physics, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - John W. Hanrahan
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montréal QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
- Cystic Fibrosis Translational Research centre, McGill University, Canada
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Canada
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The acid sphingomyelinase/ceramide system in COVID-19. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:307-314. [PMID: 34608263 PMCID: PMC8488928 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01309-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) cleaves sphingomyelin into the highly lipophilic ceramide, which forms large gel-like rafts/platforms in the plasma membrane. We showed that SARS-CoV-2 uses these platforms for cell entry. Lowering the amount of ceramide or ceramide blockade due to inhibitors of ASM, genetic downregulation of ASM, anti-ceramide antibodies or degradation by neutral ceramidase protected against infection with SARS-CoV-2. The addition of ceramide restored infection with SARS-CoV-2. Many clinically approved medications functionally inhibit ASM and are called FIASMAs (functional inhibitors of acid sphingomyelinase). The FIASMA fluvoxamine showed beneficial effects on COVID-19 in a randomized prospective study and a prospective open-label real-world study. Retrospective and observational studies showed favorable effects of FIASMA antidepressants including fluoxetine, and the FIASMA hydroxyzine on the course of COVID-19. The ASM/ceramide system provides a framework for a better understanding of the infection of cells by SARS-CoV-2 and the clinical, antiviral, and anti-inflammatory effects of functional inhibitors of ASM. This framework also supports the development of new drugs or the repurposing of "old" drugs against COVID-19.
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Chatterjee R, Chowdhury AR, Mukherjee D, Chakravortty D. Lipid larceny: channelizing host lipids for establishing successful pathogenesis by bacteria. Virulence 2021; 12:195-216. [PMID: 33356849 PMCID: PMC7808437 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2020.1869441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipids are complex organic compounds made up of carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen. These play a diverse and intricate role in cellular processes like membrane trafficking, protein sorting, signal transduction, and bacterial infections. Both Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus sp., Listeria monocytogenes, etc.) and Gram-negative bacteria (Chlamydia sp., Salmonella sp., E. coli, etc.) can hijack the various host-lipids and utilize them structurally as well as functionally to mount a successful infection. The pathogens can deploy with various arsenals to exploit host membrane lipids and lipid-associated receptors as an attachment for toxins' landing or facilitate their entry into the host cellular niche. Bacterial species like Mycobacterium sp. can also modulate the host lipid metabolism to fetch its carbon source from the host. The sequential conversion of host membrane lipids into arachidonic acid and prostaglandin E2 due to increased activity of cPLA-2 and COX-2 upon bacterial infection creates immunosuppressive conditions and facilitates the intracellular growth and proliferation of bacteria. However, lipids' more debatable role is that they can also be a blessing in disguise. Certain host-lipids, especially sphingolipids, have been shown to play a crucial antibacterial role and help the host in combating the infections. This review shed light on the detailed role of host lipids in bacterial infections and the current understanding of the lipid in therapeutics. We have also discussed potential prospects and the need of the hour to help us cope in this race against deadly pathogens and their rapidly evolving stealthy virulence strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritika Chatterjee
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Atish Roy Chowdhury
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Debapriya Mukherjee
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Dipshikha Chakravortty
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
- Centre for Biosystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
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Bryan AM, You JK, Li G, Kim J, Singh A, Morstein J, Trauner D, Pereira de Sá N, Normile TG, Farnoud AM, London E, Del Poeta M. Cholesterol and sphingomyelin are critical for Fcγ receptor-mediated phagocytosis of Cryptococcus neoformans by macrophages. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:101411. [PMID: 34793834 PMCID: PMC8661020 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cryptococcus neoformans is a fungal pathogen that causes life-threatening meningoencephalitis in lymphopenic patients. Pulmonary macrophages comprise the first line of host defense upon inhalation of fungal spores by aiding in clearance but can also potentially serve as a niche for their dissemination. Given that macrophages play a key role in the outcome of a cryptococcal infection, it is crucial to understand factors that mediate phagocytosis of C. neoformans. Since lipid rafts (high-order plasma membrane domains enriched in cholesterol and sphingomyelin [SM]) have been implicated in facilitating phagocytosis, we evaluated whether these ordered domains govern macrophages' ability to phagocytose C. neoformans. We found that cholesterol or SM depletion resulted in significantly deficient immunoglobulin G (IgG)-mediated phagocytosis of fungus. Moreover, repletion of macrophage cells with a raft-promoting sterol (7-dehydrocholesterol) rescued this phagocytic deficiency, whereas a raft-inhibiting sterol (coprostanol) significantly decreased IgG-mediated phagocytosis of C. neoformans. Using a photoswitchable SM (AzoSM), we observed that the raft-promoting conformation (trans-AzoSM) resulted in efficient phagocytosis, whereas the raft-inhibiting conformation (cis-AzoSM) significantly but reversibly blunted phagocytosis. We observed that the effect on phagocytosis may be facilitated by Fcγ receptor (FcγR) function, whereby IgG immune complexes crosslink to FcγRIII, resulting in tyrosine phosphorylation of FcR γ-subunit (FcRγ), an important accessory protein in the FcγR signaling cascade. Correspondingly, cholesterol or SM depletion resulted in decreased FcRγ phosphorylation. Repletion with 7-dehydrocholesterol restored phosphorylation, whereas repletion with coprostanol showed FcRγ phosphorylation comparable to unstimulated cells. Together, these data suggest that lipid rafts are critical for facilitating FcγRIII-mediated phagocytosis of C. neoformans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arielle M Bryan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Jeehyun Karen You
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Guangtao Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - JiHyun Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Ashutosh Singh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Johannes Morstein
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Dirk Trauner
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Nívea Pereira de Sá
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Tyler G Normile
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Amir M Farnoud
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Erwin London
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Maurizio Del Poeta
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA; Division of Infectious Diseases, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA; Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Northport, New York, USA.
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Acid Sphingomyelinase Deficiency: A Clinical and Immunological Perspective. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222312870. [PMID: 34884674 PMCID: PMC8657623 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Acid sphingomyelinase deficiency (ASMD) is a lysosomal storage disease caused by deficient activity of acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) enzyme, leading to the accumulation of varying degrees of sphingomyelin. Lipid storage leads to foam cell infiltration in tissues, and clinical features including hepatosplenomegaly, pulmonary insufficiency and in some cases central nervous system involvement. ASM enzyme replacement therapy is currently in clinical trial being the first treatment addressing the underlying pathology of the disease. Therefore, presently, it is critical to better comprehend ASMD to improve its diagnose and monitoring. Lung disease, including recurrent pulmonary infections, are common in ASMD patients. Along with lung disease, several immune system alterations have been described both in patients and in ASMD animal models, thus highlighting the role of ASM enzyme in the immune system. In this review, we summarized the pivotal roles of ASM in several immune system cells namely on macrophages, Natural Killer (NK) cells, NKT cells, B cells and T cells. In addition, an overview of diagnose, monitoring and treatment of ASMD is provided highlighting the new enzyme replacement therapy available.
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Peters S, Fohmann I, Rudel T, Schubert-Unkmeir A. A Comprehensive Review on the Interplay between Neisseria spp. and Host Sphingolipid Metabolites. Cells 2021; 10:cells10113201. [PMID: 34831424 PMCID: PMC8623382 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipids represent a class of structural related lipids involved in membrane biology and various cellular processes including cell growth, apoptosis, inflammation and migration. Over the past decade, sphingolipids have become the focus of intensive studies regarding their involvement in infectious diseases. Pathogens can manipulate the sphingolipid metabolism resulting in cell membrane reorganization and receptor recruitment to facilitate their entry. They may recruit specific host sphingolipid metabolites to establish a favorable niche for intracellular survival and proliferation. In contrast, some sphingolipid metabolites can also act as a first line defense against bacteria based on their antimicrobial activity. In this review, we will focus on the strategies employed by pathogenic Neisseria spp. to modulate the sphingolipid metabolism and hijack the sphingolipid balance in the host to promote cellular colonization, invasion and intracellular survival. Novel techniques and innovative approaches will be highlighted that allow imaging of sphingolipid derivatives in the host cell as well as in the pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Peters
- Institute for Hygiene and Microbiology, University of Wuerzburg, 97080 Wuerzburg, Germany; (S.P.); (I.F.)
| | - Ingo Fohmann
- Institute for Hygiene and Microbiology, University of Wuerzburg, 97080 Wuerzburg, Germany; (S.P.); (I.F.)
| | - Thomas Rudel
- Chair of Microbiology, University of Wuerzburg, 97080 Wuerzburg, Germany;
| | - Alexandra Schubert-Unkmeir
- Institute for Hygiene and Microbiology, University of Wuerzburg, 97080 Wuerzburg, Germany; (S.P.); (I.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-931-31-46721; Fax: +49-931-31-46445
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38
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Lee H, Choi SQ. Sphingomyelinase-Mediated Multitimescale Clustering of Ganglioside GM1 in Heterogeneous Lipid Membranes. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:e2101766. [PMID: 34473415 PMCID: PMC8529493 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202101766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Several signaling processes in the plasma membrane are intensified by ceramides that are formed by sphingomyelinase-mediated hydrolysis of sphingomyelin. These ceramides trigger clustering of signaling-related biomolecules, but how they concentrate such biomolecules remains unclear. Here, the spatiotemporal localization of ganglioside GM1, a glycolipid receptor involved in signaling, during sphingomyelinase-mediated hydrolysis is described. Real-time visualization of the dynamic remodeling of the heterogeneous lipid membrane that occurs due to sphingomyelinase action is used to examine GM1 clustering, and unexpectedly, it is found that it is more complex than previously thought. Specifically, lipid membranes generate two distinct types of condensed GM1: 1) rapidly formed but short-lived GM1 clusters that are formed in ceramide-rich domains nucleated from the liquid-disordered phase; and 2) late-onset yet long-lasting, high-density GM1 clusters that are formed in the liquid-ordered phase. These findings suggest that multiple pathways exist in a plasma membrane to synergistically facilitate the rapid amplification and persistence of signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun‐Ro Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringKorea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)Daejeon34141Republic of Korea
| | - Siyoung Q. Choi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringKorea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)Daejeon34141Republic of Korea
- KAIST Institute for the NanoCenturyKorea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)Daejeon34141Republic of Korea
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Kornhuber J, Gulbins E. New Molecular Targets for Antidepressant Drugs. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:894. [PMID: 34577594 PMCID: PMC8472072 DOI: 10.3390/ph14090894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a common and severe mental disorder that is usually recurrent and has a high risk of suicide. This disorder manifests not only with psychological symptoms but also multiple changes throughout the body, including increased risks of obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Peripheral markers of oxidative stress and inflammation are elevated. MDD is therefore best described as a multisystem whole-body disease. Pharmacological treatment with antidepressants usually requires several weeks before the desired effects manifest. Previous theories of depression, such as the monoamine or neurogenesis hypotheses, do not explain these characteristics well. In recent years, new mechanisms of action have been discovered for long-standing antidepressants that also shed new light on depression, including the sphingolipid system and the receptor for brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF).
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Kornhuber
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Erich Gulbins
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45117 Essen, Germany;
- Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
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40
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Olona A, Hateley C, Muralidharan S, Wenk MR, Torta F, Behmoaras J. Sphingolipid metabolism during Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-mediated macrophage activation. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 178:4575-4587. [PMID: 34363204 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophage activation in response to stimulation of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) provides a paradigm for investigating energy metabolism that regulates the inflammatory response. TLR4-mediated pro-inflammatory macrophage activation is characterized by increased glycolysis and altered mitochondrial metabolism, supported by selective amino acid uptake and/or usage. Fatty acid metabolism remains as a highly complex rewiring that accompanies classical macrophage activation. TLR4 activation leads to de novo synthesis of fatty acids, which flux into sphingolipids, complex lipids that form the building blocks of eukaryotic cell membranes and regulate cell function. Here, we review the importance of TLR4-mediated de novo synthesis of membrane sphingolipids in macrophages. We first highlight fatty acid metabolism during TLR4-driven macrophage immunometabolism. We then focus on the temporal dynamics of sphingolipid biosynthesis and emphasize the modulatory role of some sphingolipid species (i.e. sphingomyelins, ceramides and glycosphingolipids) on the pro-inflammatory and pro-resolution phases of LPS/TLR4 activation in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoni Olona
- Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Charlotte Hateley
- Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | | | - Markus R Wenk
- SLING, Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Federico Torta
- SLING, Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jacques Behmoaras
- Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK.,Programme in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders and Centre for Computational Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School Singapore, Republic of Singapore
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41
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Wang J, Chen YL, Li YK, Chen DK, He JF, Yao N. Functions of Sphingolipids in Pathogenesis During Host-Pathogen Interactions. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:701041. [PMID: 34408731 PMCID: PMC8366399 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.701041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipids are a class of membrane lipids that serve as vital structural and signaling bioactive molecules in organisms ranging from yeast to animals. Recent studies have emphasized the importance of sphingolipids as signaling molecules in the development and pathogenicity of microbial pathogens including bacteria, fungi, and viruses. In particular, sphingolipids play key roles in regulating the delicate balance between microbes and hosts during microbial pathogenesis. Some pathogens, such as bacteria and viruses, harness host sphingolipids to promote development and infection, whereas sphingolipids from both the host and pathogen are involved in fungus-host interactions. Moreover, a regulatory role for sphingolipids has been described, but their effects on host physiology and metabolism remain to be elucidated. Here, we summarize the current state of knowledge about the roles of sphingolipids in pathogenesis and interactions with host factors, including how sphingolipids modify pathogen and host metabolism with a focus on pathogenesis regulators and relevant metabolic enzymes. In addition, we discuss emerging perspectives on targeting sphingolipids that function in host-microbe interactions as new therapeutic strategies for infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resource, School of Agriculture, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi-Li Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resource, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong-Kang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resource, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ding-Kang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resource, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia-Fan He
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resource, School of Agriculture, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Nan Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resource, School of Agriculture, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resource, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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42
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Krones D, Rühling M, Becker KA, Kunz TC, Sehl C, Paprotka K, Gulbins E, Fraunholz M. Staphylococcus aureus α-Toxin Induces Acid Sphingomyelinase Release From a Human Endothelial Cell Line. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:694489. [PMID: 34394034 PMCID: PMC8358437 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.694489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is well known to express a plethora of toxins of which the pore-forming hemolysin A (α-toxin) is the best-studied cytolysin. Pore-forming toxins (PFT) permeabilize host membranes during infection thereby causing concentration-dependent effects in host cell membranes ranging from disordered ion fluxes to cytolysis. Host cells possess defense mechanisms against PFT attack, resulting in endocytosis of the breached membrane area and delivery of repair vesicles to the insulted plasma membrane as well as a concurrent release of membrane repair enzymes. Since PFTs from several pathogens have been shown to recruit membrane repair components, we here investigated whether staphylococcal α-toxin is able to induce these mechanisms in endothelial cells. We show that S. aureus α-toxin induced increase in cytosolic Ca2+ in endothelial cells, which was accompanied by p38 MAPK phosphorylation. Toxin challenge led to increased endocytosis of an extracellular fluid phase marker as well as increased externalization of LAMP1-positive membranes suggesting that peripheral lysosomes are recruited to the insulted plasma membrane. We further observed that thereby the lysosomal protein acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) was released into the cell culture medium. Thus, our results show that staphylococcal α-toxin triggers mechanisms in endothelial cells, which have been implicated in membrane repair after damage of other cell types by different toxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Krones
- Chair of Microbiology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Marcel Rühling
- Chair of Microbiology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Katrin Anne Becker
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, University Hospital, Essen, Germany
| | - Tobias C Kunz
- Chair of Microbiology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Carolin Sehl
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, University Hospital, Essen, Germany
| | - Kerstin Paprotka
- Chair of Microbiology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Erich Gulbins
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, University Hospital, Essen, Germany.,Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Martin Fraunholz
- Chair of Microbiology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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43
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Kotlyarov S, Kotlyarova A. Molecular Mechanisms of Lipid Metabolism Disorders in Infectious Exacerbations of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7634. [PMID: 34299266 PMCID: PMC8308003 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Exacerbations largely determine the character of the progression and prognosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Exacerbations are connected with changes in the microbiological landscape in the bronchi due to a violation of their immune homeostasis. Many metabolic and immune processes involved in COPD progression are associated with bacterial colonization of the bronchi. The objective of this review is the analysis of the molecular mechanisms of lipid metabolism and immune response disorders in the lungs in COPD exacerbations. The complex role of lipid metabolism disorders in the pathogenesis of some infections is only beginning to be understood, however, there are already fewer and fewer doubts even now about its significance both in the pathogenesis of infectious exacerbations of COPD and in general in the progression of the disease. It is shown that the lipid rafts of the plasma membranes of cells are involved in many processes related to the detection of pathogens, signal transduction, the penetration of pathogens into the cell. Smoking disrupts the normally proceeded processes of lipid metabolism in the lungs, which is a part of the COPD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav Kotlyarov
- Department of Nursing, Ryazan State Medical University, 390026 Ryazan, Russia
| | - Anna Kotlyarova
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Ryazan State Medical University, 390026 Ryazan, Russia;
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44
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Törnquist K, Asghar MY, Srinivasan V, Korhonen L, Lindholm D. Sphingolipids as Modulators of SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:689854. [PMID: 34222257 PMCID: PMC8245774 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.689854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the cause of the COVID-19 pandemic with severe consequences for afflicted individuals and the society as a whole. The biology and infectivity of the virus has been intensively studied in order to gain a better understanding of the molecular basis of virus-host cell interactions during infection. It is known that SARS-CoV-2 binds to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) via its spike protein. Priming of the virus by specific proteases leads to viral entry via endocytosis and to the subsequent steps in the life cycle of SARS-CoV-2. Sphingosine and ceramide belong to the sphingolipid family and are abundantly present in cell membranes. These lipids were recently shown to interfere with the uptake of virus particles of SARS-CoV-2 into epithelial cell lines and primary human nasal cells in culture. The mechanisms of action were partly different, as sphingosine blocked, whilst ceramide facilitated viral entry. Acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) is vital for the generation of ceramide and functional inhibition of ASM by drugs like amitriptyline reduced SARS-CoV-2 entry into the epithelial cells. Recent data indicates that serum level of sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a prognostic factor for COVID-2 severity. Further, stimulation of sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1PR1) might also constrain the hyper-inflammatory conditions linked to SARS-CoV-2. Here, we review recent exciting findings regarding sphingolipids in the uptake of SARS-CoV-2 and in the course of COVID-19 disease. More studies are required on the mechanisms of action and the potential use of antidepressant drugs and sphingolipid modifiers in SARS-CoV-2 infections and in the treatment of the more serious and fatal consequences of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kid Törnquist
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland.,Faculty of Science and Engineering, Cell Biology, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Vignesh Srinivasan
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland.,Medicum, Department of Biochemistry and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Laura Korhonen
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Dan Lindholm
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland.,Medicum, Department of Biochemistry and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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45
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Mayeux G, Gayet L, Liguori L, Odier M, Martin DK, Cortès S, Schaack B, Lenormand JL. Cell-free expression of the outer membrane protein OprF of Pseudomonas aeruginosa for vaccine purposes. Life Sci Alliance 2021; 4:4/6/e202000958. [PMID: 33972378 PMCID: PMC8127326 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202000958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Production of recombinant proteoliposomes containing OprF from P. aeruginosa promotes the active open conformation of the porin exposing native epitopes. These OprF proteoliposomes were used as vaccines to protect mice against a P. aeruginosa acute pulmonary infection model. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the second-leading cause of nosocomial infections and pneumonia in hospitals. Because of its extraordinary capacity for developing resistance to antibiotics, treating infections by Pseudomonas is becoming a challenge, lengthening hospital stays, and increasing medical costs and mortality. The outer membrane protein OprF is a well-conserved and immunogenic porin playing an important role in quorum sensing and in biofilm formation. Here, we used a bacterial cell-free expression system to reconstitute OprF under its native forms in liposomes and we demonstrated that the resulting OprF proteoliposomes can be used as a fully functional recombinant vaccine against P. aeruginosa. Remarkably, we showed that our system promotes the folding of OprF into its active open oligomerized state as well as the formation of mega-pores. Our approach thus represents an easy and efficient way for producing bacterial membrane antigens exposing native epitopes for vaccine purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Géraldine Mayeux
- TheREx and Synabi, University Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut Polytechnique (INP), Translational Innovation in Medicine and Complexity (TIMC), Grenoble, France
| | - Landry Gayet
- TheREx and Synabi, University Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut Polytechnique (INP), Translational Innovation in Medicine and Complexity (TIMC), Grenoble, France
| | - Lavinia Liguori
- TheREx and Synabi, University Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut Polytechnique (INP), Translational Innovation in Medicine and Complexity (TIMC), Grenoble, France.,Maison Familiale Rurale Moirans, Moirans, France
| | - Marine Odier
- TheREx and Synabi, University Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut Polytechnique (INP), Translational Innovation in Medicine and Complexity (TIMC), Grenoble, France.,Catalent Pharma Solutions, Eberbach, Germany
| | - Donald K Martin
- TheREx and Synabi, University Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut Polytechnique (INP), Translational Innovation in Medicine and Complexity (TIMC), Grenoble, France
| | | | - Béatrice Schaack
- TheREx and Synabi, University Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut Polytechnique (INP), Translational Innovation in Medicine and Complexity (TIMC), Grenoble, France.,University Grenoble Alpes, Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives (CEA), CNRS, Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS), Grenoble, France
| | - Jean-Luc Lenormand
- TheREx and Synabi, University Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut Polytechnique (INP), Translational Innovation in Medicine and Complexity (TIMC), Grenoble, France
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46
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Carpinteiro A, Gripp B, Hoffmann M, Pöhlmann S, Hoertel N, Edwards MJ, Kamler M, Kornhuber J, Becker KA, Gulbins E. Inhibition of acid sphingomyelinase by ambroxol prevents SARS-CoV-2 entry into epithelial cells. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100701. [PMID: 33895135 PMCID: PMC8062550 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The acid sphingomyelinase/ceramide system has been shown to be important for cellular infection with at least some viruses, for instance, rhinovirus or severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Functional inhibition of the acid sphingomyelinase using tricyclic antidepressants prevented infection of epithelial cells, for instance with SARS-CoV-2. The structure of ambroxol, that is, trans-4-[(2,4-dibromanilin-6-yl)-methyamino]-cyclohexanol, a mucolytic drug applied by inhalation, suggests that the drug might inhibit the acid sphingomyelinase and thereby infection with SARS-CoV-2. To test this, we used vesicular stomatitis virus pseudoviral particles presenting SARS-CoV-2 spike protein on their surface (pp-VSV-SARS-CoV-2 spike), a bona fide system for mimicking SARS-CoV-2 entry into cells. Viral uptake and formation of ceramide localization were determined by fluorescence microscopy, activity of the acid sphingomyelinase by consumption of [14C]sphingomyelin and ceramide was quantified by a kinase method. We found that entry of pp-VSV-SARS-CoV-2 spike required activation of acid sphingomyelinase and release of ceramide, events that were all prevented by pretreatment with ambroxol. We also obtained nasal epithelial cells from human volunteers prior to and after inhalation of ambroxol. Inhalation of ambroxol reduced acid sphingomyelinase activity in nasal epithelial cells and prevented pp-VSV-SARS-CoV-2 spike-induced acid sphingomyelinase activation, ceramide release, and entry of pp-VSV-SARS-CoV-2 spike ex vivo. The addition of purified acid sphingomyelinase or C16 ceramide restored entry of pp-VSV-SARS-CoV-2 spike into ambroxol-treated epithelial cells. We propose that ambroxol might be suitable for clinical studies to prevent coronavirus disease 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Carpinteiro
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany; Department of Hematology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Barbara Gripp
- Zentrum für Seelische Gesundheit des Kindes- und Jugendalters, Sana-Klinikum Remscheid GmbH, Remscheid, Germany
| | - Markus Hoffmann
- Infection Biology Unit, German Primate Center - Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany; Faculty of Biology and Psychology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Pöhlmann
- Infection Biology Unit, German Primate Center - Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany; Faculty of Biology and Psychology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Nicolas Hoertel
- AP-HP.Centre-Université de Paris, Hôpital Corentin-Celton, Département de Psychiatrie, Issy-les-Moulineaux, and Université de Paris, INSERM, Institut de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences de Paris, UMR_S1266, and Faculté de Santé, UFR de Médecine, Paris, France
| | - Michael J Edwards
- Department of Surgery, Medical School, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Markus Kamler
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Division of Thoracic Transplantation, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Johannes Kornhuber
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Katrin Anne Becker
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Erich Gulbins
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany; Department of Surgery, Medical School, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
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47
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Immunoediting role for major vault protein in apoptotic signaling induced by bacterial N-acyl homoserine lactones. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2012529118. [PMID: 33723037 PMCID: PMC8000436 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2012529118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The major vault protein (MVP) mediates diverse cellular responses, including cancer cell resistance to chemotherapy and protection against inflammatory responses to Pseudomonas aeruginosa Here, we report the use of photoactive probes to identify MVP as a target of the N-(3-oxo-dodecanoyl) homoserine lactone (C12), a quorum sensing signal of certain proteobacteria including P. aeruginosa. A treatment of normal and cancer cells with C12 or other N-acyl homoserine lactones (AHLs) results in rapid translocation of MVP into lipid raft (LR) membrane fractions. Like AHLs, inflammatory stimuli also induce LR-localization of MVP, but the C12 stimulation reprograms (functionalizes) bioactivity of the plasma membrane by recruiting death receptors, their apoptotic adaptors, and caspase-8 into LR. These functionalized membranes control AHL-induced signaling processes, in that MVP adjusts the protein kinase p38 pathway to attenuate programmed cell death. Since MVP is the structural core of large particles termed vaults, our findings suggest a mechanism in which MVP vaults act as sentinels that fine-tune inflammation-activated processes such as apoptotic signaling mediated by immunosurveillance cytokines including tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL).
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48
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Becker KA, Carpinteiro A, Hoffmann M, Pöhlmann S, Kornhuber J, Gulbins E. Ex vivo assay to evaluate the efficacy of drugs targeting sphingolipids in preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection of nasal epithelial cells. STAR Protoc 2021; 2:100356. [PMID: 33558862 PMCID: PMC7857112 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2021.100356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
This protocol enables the testing of drugs against infection of epithelial cells with SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2), using pseudo-typed replication deficient vesicular stomatitis virus particles (pp-VSV) presenting the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. After treating human volunteers with amitriptyline, an approved antidepressant and inhibitor of the acid sphingomyelinase, freshly isolated nasal epithelial cells were infected ex vivo and infection levels were quantified. This protocol offers the possibility to rapidly test the efficacy of potential drugs in the fight against COVID-19. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Carpinteiro et al. (2020). SARS-CoV-2 spike pseudo-typed VSV particles allow to mimic SARS-CoV-2 infection In vivo applied drugs can be tested ex vivo by infecting nasal epithelial cells Infection can be easily determined by expression of eGFP
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Anne Becker
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Alexander Carpinteiro
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45122 Essen, Germany.,Department of Hematology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Markus Hoffmann
- Infection Biology Unit, German Primate Center - Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany.,Faculty of Biology and Psychology, University of Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Pöhlmann
- Infection Biology Unit, German Primate Center - Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany.,Faculty of Biology and Psychology, University of Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Johannes Kornhuber
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Schwabachanlage 6, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Erich Gulbins
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45122 Essen, Germany.,Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati Medical School, 231 Albert Sabin Way, ML0558, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
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49
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Sphingomyelin Biosynthesis Is Essential for Phagocytic Signaling during Mycobacterium tuberculosis Host Cell Entry. mBio 2021; 12:mBio.03141-20. [PMID: 33500344 PMCID: PMC7858061 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.03141-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) invades alveolar macrophages through phagocytosis to establish infection and cause disease. The molecular mechanisms underlying Mtb entry are still poorly understood. Phagocytosis by alveolar macrophages is the obligate first step in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection, yet the mechanism underlying this process is incompletely understood. Here, we show that Mtb invasion relies on an intact sphingolipid biosynthetic pathway. Inhibition or knockout of early sphingolipid biosynthetic enzymes greatly reduces Mtb uptake across multiple phagocytic cell types without affecting other forms of endocytosis. While the phagocytic receptor dectin-1 undergoes normal clustering at the pathogen contact sites, sphingolipid biosynthetic mutant cells fail to segregate the regulatory phosphatase CD45 from the clustered receptors. Blocking sphingolipid production also impairs downstream activation of Rho GTPases, actin dynamics, and phosphoinositide turnover at the nascent phagocytic cup. Moreover, we found that production of sphingomyelin, not glycosphingolipids, is essential for Mtb uptake. Collectively, our data support a critical role of sphingomyelin biosynthesis in an early stage of Mtb infection and provide novel insights into the mechanism underlying phagocytic entry of this pathogen.
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50
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Gardner AI, Wu Y, Verhaegh R, Liu Y, Wilker B, Soddemann M, Keitsch S, Edwards MJ, Haq IJ, Kamler M, Becker KA, Brodlie M, Gulbins E. Interferon regulatory factor 8 regulates expression of acid ceramidase and infection susceptibility in cystic fibrosis. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100650. [PMID: 33839155 PMCID: PMC8113888 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Most patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) suffer from acute and chronic pulmonary infections with bacterial pathogens, which often determine their life quality and expectancy. Previous studies have demonstrated a downregulation of the acid ceramidase in CF epithelial cells resulting in an increase of ceramide and a decrease of sphingosine. Sphingosine kills many bacterial pathogens, and the downregulation of sphingosine seems to determine the infection susceptibility of cystic fibrosis mice and patients. It is presently unknown how deficiency of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) connects to a marked downregulation of the acid ceramidase in human and murine CF epithelial cells. Here, we employed quantitative PCR, western blot analysis, and enzyme activity measurements to study the role of IRF8 for acid ceramidase regulation. We report that genetic deficiency or functional inhibition of CFTR/Cftr results in an upregulation of interferon regulatory factor 8 (IRF8) and a concomitant downregulation of acid ceramidase expression with CF and an increase of ceramide and a reduction of sphingosine levels in tracheal and bronchial epithelial cells from both human individuals or mice. CRISPR/Cas9- or siRNA-mediated downregulation of IRF8 prevented changes of acid ceramidase, ceramide, and sphingosine in CF epithelial cells and restored resistance to Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections, which is one of the most important and common pathogens in lung infection of patients with CF. These studies indicate that CFTR deficiency causes a downregulation of acid ceramidase via upregulation of IRF8, which is a central pathway to control infection susceptibility of CF cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Ions Gardner
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Yuqing Wu
- Department of Molecular Biology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Rabea Verhaegh
- Department of Molecular Biology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Yongjie Liu
- Department of Molecular Biology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany; Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Barbara Wilker
- Department of Molecular Biology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Matthias Soddemann
- Department of Molecular Biology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Simone Keitsch
- Department of Molecular Biology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Michael J Edwards
- Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Iram J Haq
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Great North Children's Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Markus Kamler
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Katrin Anne Becker
- Department of Molecular Biology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Malcolm Brodlie
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Great North Children's Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
| | - Erich Gulbins
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany; Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
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