1
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Foti A, Venkatesan S, Lebental B, Zucchi G, Ossikovski R. Comparing Commercial Metal-Coated AFM Tips and Home-Made Bulk Gold Tips for Tip-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy of Polymer Functionalized Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12030451. [PMID: 35159798 PMCID: PMC8840094 DOI: 10.3390/nano12030451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS) combines the high specificity and sensitivity of plasmon-enhanced Raman spectroscopy with the high spatial resolution of scanning probe microscopy. TERS has gained a lot of attention from many nanoscience fields, since this technique can provide chemical and structural information of surfaces and interfaces with nanometric spatial resolution. Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are very versatile nanostructures that can be dispersed in organic solvents or polymeric matrices, giving rise to new nanocomposite materials, showing improved mechanical, electrical and thermal properties. Moreover, MWCNTs can be easily functionalized with polymers in order to be employed as specific chemical sensors. In this context, TERS is strategic, since it can provide useful information on the cooperation of the two components at the nanoscale for the optimization of the macroscopic properties of the hybrid material. Nevertheless, efficient TERS characterization relies on the geometrical features and material composition of the plasmonic tip used. In this work, after comparing the TERS performance of commercial Ag coated nanotips and home-made bulk Au tips on bare MWCNTs, we show how TERS can be exploited for characterizing MWCNTs mixed with conjugated fluorene copolymers, thus contributing to the understanding of the polymer/CNT interaction process at the local scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonino Foti
- CNR—IPCF, Istituto per I Processi Chimico-Fisici, Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres 37, 98158 Messina, Italy
- LPICM, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Route de Saclay, 91128 Palaiseau, France; (S.V.); (B.L.); (G.Z.)
- Correspondence: (A.F.); (R.O.)
| | - Suriya Venkatesan
- LPICM, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Route de Saclay, 91128 Palaiseau, France; (S.V.); (B.L.); (G.Z.)
| | - Bérengère Lebental
- LPICM, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Route de Saclay, 91128 Palaiseau, France; (S.V.); (B.L.); (G.Z.)
- COSYS-LISIS, Université Gustave Eiffel, IFSTTAR, 77454 Marne-la-Vallée, France
| | - Gaël Zucchi
- LPICM, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Route de Saclay, 91128 Palaiseau, France; (S.V.); (B.L.); (G.Z.)
| | - Razvigor Ossikovski
- LPICM, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Route de Saclay, 91128 Palaiseau, France; (S.V.); (B.L.); (G.Z.)
- Correspondence: (A.F.); (R.O.)
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2
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Grünebohm A, Marathe M, Khachaturyan R, Schiedung R, Lupascu DC, Shvartsman VV. Interplay of domain structure and phase transitions: theory, experiment and functionality. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2021; 34:073002. [PMID: 34731841 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac3607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Domain walls and phase boundaries are fundamental ingredients of ferroelectrics and strongly influence their functional properties. Although both interfaces have been studied for decades, often only a phenomenological macroscopic understanding has been established. The recent developments in experiments and theory allow to address the relevant time and length scales and revisit nucleation, phase propagation and the coupling of domains and phase transitions. This review attempts to specify regularities of domain formation and evolution at ferroelectric transitions and give an overview on unusual polar topological structures that appear as transient states and at the nanoscale. We survey the benefits, validity, and limitations of experimental tools as well as simulation methods to study phase and domain interfaces. We focus on the recent success of these tools in joint scale-bridging studies to solve long lasting puzzles in the field and give an outlook on recent trends in superlattices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Grünebohm
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Advanced Materials Simulations (ICAMS), Ruhr-University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Madhura Marathe
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Advanced Materials Simulations (ICAMS), Ruhr-University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Ruben Khachaturyan
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Advanced Materials Simulations (ICAMS), Ruhr-University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Raphael Schiedung
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Advanced Materials Simulations (ICAMS), Ruhr-University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
- National Institute for Material Science (NIMS), Tsukuba 305-0047, Japan
| | - Doru C Lupascu
- Institute for Materials Science and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Vladimir V Shvartsman
- Institute for Materials Science and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, 45141 Essen, Germany
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3
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Gray TP, Nishida J, Johnson SC, Raschke MB. 2D Vibrational Exciton Nanoimaging of Domain Formation in Self-Assembled Monolayers. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:5754-5759. [PMID: 34156252 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c01515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Order, disorder, and domains affect many of the functional properties in self-assembled monolayers (SAMs). However, carrier transport, wettability, and chemical reactivity are often associated with collective effects, where conventional imaging techniques have limited sensitivity to the underlying intermolecular coupling. Here we demonstrate vibrational excitons as a molecular ruler of intermolecular wave function delocalization and nanodomain size in SAMs. In the model system of a 4-nitrothiophenol (4-NTP) SAM on gold, we resolve coupling-induced peak shifts of the nitro symmetric stretch mode with full spatio-spectral infrared scattering scanning near-field optical microscopy. From modeling of the underlying 2D Hamiltonian, we infer domain sizes and their distribution ranging from 3 to 12 nm across a field of view on the micrometer scale. This approach of vibrational exciton nanoimaging is generally applicable to study structural phases and domains in SAMs and other molecular interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas P Gray
- Department of Physics, Department of Chemistry, and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Jun Nishida
- Department of Physics, Department of Chemistry, and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Samuel C Johnson
- Department of Physics, Department of Chemistry, and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Markus B Raschke
- Department of Physics, Department of Chemistry, and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
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4
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Milekhin IA, Rahaman M, Anikin KV, Rodyakina EE, Duda TA, Saidzhonov BM, Vasiliev RB, Dzhagan VM, Milekhin AG, Latyshev AV, Zahn DRT. Resonant tip-enhanced Raman scattering by CdSe nanocrystals on plasmonic substrates. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2020; 2:5441-5449. [PMID: 36132045 PMCID: PMC9417628 DOI: 10.1039/d0na00554a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Tip-enhanced Raman scattering (TERS) has recently emerged as a powerful technique for studying the local properties of low dimensional materials. Being a plasmon driven system, a dramatic enhancement of the TERS sensitivity can be achieved by an appropriate choice of the plasmonic substrate in the so-called gap-mode configuration. Here, we investigate the phonon properties of CdSe nanocrystals (NCs) utilizing gap-mode TERS. Using the Langmuir-Blodgett technique, we homogeneously deposited submonolayers of colloidal CdSe NCs on two different nanostructured plasmonic substrates. Amplified by resonant gap-mode TERS, the scattering by the optical phonon modes of CdSe NCs is markedly enhanced making it possible to observe up to the third overtone of the LO mode reliably. The home-made plasmonic substrates and TERS tips allow the analysis of the TERS images of CdSe phonon modes with nanometer spatial resolution. The CdSe phonon scattering intensity is strongly correlated with the local electromagnetic field distribution across the plasmonic substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- I A Milekhin
- Semiconductor Physics, Chemnitz University of Technology D-09107 Chemnitz Germany
| | - M Rahaman
- Semiconductor Physics, Chemnitz University of Technology D-09107 Chemnitz Germany
| | - K V Anikin
- A.V. Rzhanov Institute of Semiconductor Physics Novosibirsk Russia
| | - E E Rodyakina
- Novosibirsk State University Novosibirsk Russia
- A.V. Rzhanov Institute of Semiconductor Physics Novosibirsk Russia
| | - T A Duda
- A.V. Rzhanov Institute of Semiconductor Physics Novosibirsk Russia
| | - B M Saidzhonov
- Department of Chemistry, Moscow State University Moscow Russia
- Department of Material Science, Moscow State University Moscow Russia
| | - R B Vasiliev
- Department of Chemistry, Moscow State University Moscow Russia
- Department of Material Science, Moscow State University Moscow Russia
| | - V M Dzhagan
- V.E. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics UA-03028 Kiev Ukraine
| | - A G Milekhin
- Novosibirsk State University Novosibirsk Russia
- A.V. Rzhanov Institute of Semiconductor Physics Novosibirsk Russia
| | - A V Latyshev
- Novosibirsk State University Novosibirsk Russia
- A.V. Rzhanov Institute of Semiconductor Physics Novosibirsk Russia
| | - D R T Zahn
- Semiconductor Physics, Chemnitz University of Technology D-09107 Chemnitz Germany
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5
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Nataf GF, Guennou M. Optical studies of ferroelectric and ferroelastic domain walls. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2020; 32:183001. [PMID: 32026848 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ab68f3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies carried out with atomic force microscopy or high-resolution transmission electron microscopy reveal that ferroic domain walls can exhibit different physical properties than the bulk of the domains, such as enhanced conductivity in insulators, or polar properties in non-polar materials. In this review we show that optical techniques, in spite of the diffraction limit, also provide key insights into the structure and physical properties of ferroelectric and ferroelastic domain walls. We give an overview of the uses, specificities and limits of these techniques, and emphasize the properties of the domain walls that they can probe. We then highlight some open questions of the physics of domain walls that could benefit from their use.
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Affiliation(s)
- G F Nataf
- Department of Materials Science, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS, United Kingdom
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6
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Direct high-resolution mapping of electrocatalytic activity of semi-two-dimensional catalysts with single-edge sensitivity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:11618-11623. [PMID: 31127040 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1821091116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The catalytic activity of low-dimensional electrocatalysts is highly dependent on their local atomic structures, particularly those less-coordinated sites found at edges and corners; therefore, a direct probe of the electrocatalytic current at specified local sites with true nanoscopic resolution has become critically important. Despite the growing availability of operando imaging tools, to date it has not been possible to measure the electrocatalytic activities from individual material edges and directly correlate those with the local structural defects. Herein, we show the possibility of using feedback and generation/collection modes of operation of the scanning electrochemical microscope (SECM) to independently image the topography and local electrocatalytic activity with 15-nm spatial resolution. We employed this operando microscopy technique to map out the oxygen evolution activity of a semi-2D nickel oxide nanosheet. The improved resolution and sensitivity enables us to distinguish the higher activities of the materials' edges from that of the fully coordinated surfaces in operando The combination of spatially resolved electrochemical information with state-of-the-art electron tomography, that unravels the 3D complexity of the edges, and ab initio calculations allows us to reveal the intricate coordination dependent activity along individual edges of the semi-2D material that is not achievable by other methods. The comparison of the simulated line scans to the experimental data suggests that the catalytic current density at the nanosheet edge is ∼200 times higher than that at the NiO basal plane.
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7
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Qiu K, Fato TP, Yuan B, Long YT. Toward Precision Measurement and Manipulation of Single-Molecule Reactions by a Confined Space. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2019; 15:e1805426. [PMID: 30924293 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201805426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
All chemical reactions can be divided into a series of single molecule reactions (SMRs), the elementary steps that involve only isomerization of, dissociation from, and addition to an individual molecule. Analyzing SMRs is of paramount importance to identify the intrinsic molecular mechanism of a complex chemical reaction, which is otherwise implausible to reveal in an ensemble fashion, owing to the significant static and dynamic heterogeneity of real-world chemical systems. The single-molecule measurement and manipulation methods developed recently are playing an increasingly irreplaceable role to detect and recognize short-lived intermediates, visualize their transient existence, and determinate the kinetics and dynamics of single bond breaking and formation. Notably, none of the above SMRs characterizations can be realized without the aid of a confined space. Therefore, this Review aims to highlight the recent progress in the development of confined space enabled single-molecule sensing, imaging, and tuning methods to study chemical reactions. Future prospects of SMRs research are also included, including a push toward the physical limit on transduction of information to signals and vice versa, transmission and recording of signals, computational modeling and simulation, and rational design of a confined space for precise SMRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaipei Qiu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Tano Patrice Fato
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Bo Yuan
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Yi-Tao Long
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
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8
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Kumar N, Wondergem CS, Wain AJ, Weckhuysen BM. In Situ Nanoscale Investigation of Catalytic Reactions in the Liquid Phase Using Zirconia-Protected Tip-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy Probes. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:1669-1675. [PMID: 30916970 PMCID: PMC6477806 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b02496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS) is a promising technique that enables nondestructive and label-free topographical and chemical imaging at the nanoscale. However, its scope for in situ characterization of catalytic reactions in the liquid phase has remained limited due to the lack of durable and chemically inert plasmonically active TERS probes. Herein, we present novel zirconia-protected TERS probes with 3 orders of magnitude increase in lifetime under ambient conditions compared to unprotected silver-coated probes, together with high stability in liquid media. Employing the plasmon-assisted oxidation of p-aminothiophenol as a model reaction, we demonstrate that the highly robust, durable, and chemically inert zirconia-protected TERS probes can be successfully used for nanoscale spatially resolved characterization of a photocatalytic reaction within an aqueous environment. The reported improved lifetime and stability of probes in a liquid environment extend the potential scope of TERS as a nanoanalytical tool not only to heterogeneous catalysis but also to a range of scientific disciplines in which dynamic solid-liquid interfaces play a defining role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naresh Kumar
- Inorganic
Chemistry and Catalysis Group, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
- National
Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, TW11 0LW, United Kingdom
| | - Caterina S. Wondergem
- Inorganic
Chemistry and Catalysis Group, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Andrew J. Wain
- National
Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, TW11 0LW, United Kingdom
| | - Bert M. Weckhuysen
- Inorganic
Chemistry and Catalysis Group, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
- E-mail:
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9
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Kumar N, Weckhuysen BM, Wain AJ, Pollard AJ. Nanoscale chemical imaging using tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. Nat Protoc 2019; 14:1169-1193. [PMID: 30911174 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-019-0132-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Confocal and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) are powerful techniques for molecular characterization; however, they suffer from the drawback of diffraction-limited spatial resolution. Tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS) overcomes this limitation and provides chemical information at length scales in the tens of nanometers. In contrast to alternative approaches to nanoscale chemical analysis, TERS is label free, is non-destructive, and can be performed in both air and liquid environments, allowing its use in a diverse range of applications. Atomic force microscopy (AFM)-based TERS is especially versatile, as it can be applied to a broad range of samples on various substrates. Despite its advantages, widespread uptake of this technique for nanoscale chemical imaging has been inhibited by various experimental challenges, such as limited lifetime, and the low stability and yield of TERS probes. This protocol details procedures that will enable researchers to reliably perform TERS imaging using a transmission-mode AFM-TERS configuration on both biological and non-biological samples. The procedure consists of four stages: (i) preparation of plasmonically active TERS probes; (ii) alignment of the TERS system; (iii) experimental procedures for nanoscale imaging using TERS; and (iv) TERS data processing. We provide procedures and example data for a range of different sample types, including polymer thin films, self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of organic molecules, photocatalyst surfaces, small molecules within biological cells, single-layer graphene and single-walled carbon nanotubes in both air and water. With this protocol, TERS probes can be prepared within ~23 h, and each subsequent TERS experimental procedure requires 3-5 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naresh Kumar
- National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, UK.,Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis Group, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Bert M Weckhuysen
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis Group, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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10
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Kumar N, Kalirai S, Wain AJ, Weckhuysen BM. Nanoscale Chemical Imaging of a Single Catalyst Particle with Tip-Enhanced Fluorescence Microscopy. ChemCatChem 2019; 11:417-423. [PMID: 31031870 PMCID: PMC6472685 DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201801023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Determining the active site in real-life solid catalysts remains an intellectual challenge and is crucial for exploring the road towards their rational design. In recent years various micro-spectroscopic methods have revealed valuable structure-activity data at the level of a single catalyst particle, even under reaction conditions. Herein, we introduce Tip-Enhanced FLuorescence (TEFL) microscopy as a novel and versatile characterization tool for catalysis research. This has been achieved using a Fluid Catalytic Cracking (FCC) catalyst as showcase material. Thin sectioning of industrially used FCC particles together with selective staining of Brønsted acidity has enabled high-resolution TEFL mapping of different catalyst regions. Hyperspectral information gained via TEFL microscopy reveals a spatial distribution of Brønsted acidity within individual zeolite domains in different regions of the FCC catalyst particle. Comparison of TEFL measurements from different FCC particles showed significant intra- and inter-particle heterogeneities both in zeolite domain size and chemical reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naresh Kumar
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis Group Debye Institute for Nanomaterials ScienceUtrecht UniversityUniversiteitsweg 99Utrecht3584 CGThe Netherlands
- National Physical LaboratoryHampton RoadTeddington, TW11 0LWUnited Kingdom
| | - Sam Kalirai
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis Group Debye Institute for Nanomaterials ScienceUtrecht UniversityUniversiteitsweg 99Utrecht3584 CGThe Netherlands
| | - Andrew J. Wain
- National Physical LaboratoryHampton RoadTeddington, TW11 0LWUnited Kingdom
| | - Bert M. Weckhuysen
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis Group Debye Institute for Nanomaterials ScienceUtrecht UniversityUniversiteitsweg 99Utrecht3584 CGThe Netherlands
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11
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Tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy: principles, practice, and applications to nanospectroscopic imaging of 2D materials. Anal Bioanal Chem 2018; 411:37-61. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-1392-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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12
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Haldavnekar R, Venkatakrishnan K, Tan B. Non plasmonic semiconductor quantum SERS probe as a pathway for in vitro cancer detection. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3065. [PMID: 30076296 PMCID: PMC6076273 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05237-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)-based cancer diagnostics is an important analytical tool in early detection of cancer. Current work in SERS focuses on plasmonic nanomaterials that suffer from coagulation, selectivity, and adverse biocompatibility when used in vitro, limiting this research to stand-alone biomolecule sensing. Here we introduce a label-free, biocompatible, ZnO-based, 3D semiconductor quantum probe as a pathway for in vitro diagnosis of cancer. By reducing size of the probes to quantum scale, we observed a unique phenomenon of exponential increase in the SERS enhancement up to ~106 at nanomolar concentration. The quantum probes are decorated on a nano-dendrite platform functionalized for cell adhesion, proliferation, and label-free application. The quantum probes demonstrate discrimination of cancerous and non-cancerous cells along with biomolecular sensing of DNA, RNA, proteins and lipids in vitro. The limit of detection is up to a single-cell-level detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupa Haldavnekar
- Ultrashort Laser Nanomanufacturing Research Facility, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, M5B 2K3, ON, Canada
- BioNanoInterface Facility, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, M5B 2K3, ON, Canada
| | - Krishnan Venkatakrishnan
- Ultrashort Laser Nanomanufacturing Research Facility, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, M5B 2K3, ON, Canada.
- BioNanoInterface Facility, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, M5B 2K3, ON, Canada.
- Keenan Research Center for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, M5B 1W8, ON, Canada.
| | - Bo Tan
- Nanocharacterization Laboratory, Department of Aerospace Engineering, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, ON, M5B 2K3, Canada
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13
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Su W, Kumar N, Krayev A, Chaigneau M. In situ topographical chemical and electrical imaging of carboxyl graphene oxide at the nanoscale. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2891. [PMID: 30038358 PMCID: PMC6056528 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05307-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Visualising the distribution of structural defects and functional groups present on the surface of two-dimensional (2D) materials such as graphene oxide challenges the sensitivity and spatial resolution of the most advanced analytical techniques. Here we demonstrate mapping of functional groups on a carboxyl-modified graphene oxide (GO–COOH) surface with a spatial resolution of ≈10 nm using tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS). Furthermore, we extend the capability of TERS by measuring local electronic properties in situ, in addition to the surface topography and chemical composition. Our results reveal that the Fermi level at the GO–COOH surface decreases as the ID/IG ratio increases, correlating the local defect density with the Fermi level at nanometre length-scales. The in situ multi-parameter microscopy demonstrated in this work significantly improves the accuracy of nanoscale surface characterisation, eliminates measurement artefacts, and opens up the possibilities for characterising optoelectronic devices based on 2D materials under operational conditions. Mapping the distribution of functional groups on 2D materials with high resolution remains challenging. Here, the authors combine tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy and Kelvin probe force microscopy to simultaneously examine the topography, chemical composition and electronic nature of graphene oxide surfaces with nanoscale spatial resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weitao Su
- College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, 310018, Hangzhou, China. .,Key Laboratory of RF Circuits and Systems (Hangzhou Dianzi University), Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
| | - Naresh Kumar
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, Middlesex, TW11 0LW, UK. .,Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis group, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Andrey Krayev
- HORIBA Instruments Incorporated, Novato, CA, 94949, USA
| | - Marc Chaigneau
- HORIBA France, Avenue de la Vauve, Passage Jobin Yvon, 91120, Palaiseau, France.
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14
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Hermann RJ, Gordon MJ. Nanoscale Optical Microscopy and Spectroscopy Using Near-Field Probes. Annu Rev Chem Biomol Eng 2018; 9:365-387. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-060817-084150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Light-matter interactions can provide a wealth of detailed information about the structural, electronic, optical, and chemical properties of materials through various excitation and scattering processes that occur over different length, energy, and timescales. Unfortunately, the wavelike nature of light limits the achievable spatial resolution for interrogation and imaging of materials to roughly λ/2 because of diffraction. Scanning near-field optical microscopy (SNOM) breaks this diffraction limit by coupling light to nanostructures that are specifically designed to manipulate, enhance, and/or extract optical signals from very small regions of space. Progress in the SNOM field over the past 30 years has led to the development of many methods to optically characterize materials at lateral spatial resolutions well below 100 nm. We review these exciting developments and demonstrate how SNOM is truly extending optical imaging and spectroscopy to the nanoscale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J. Hermann
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA;,
| | - Michael J. Gordon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA;,
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15
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Shao F, Dai W, Zhang Y, Zhang W, Schlüter AD, Zenobi R. Chemical Mapping of Nanodefects within 2D Covalent Monolayers by Tip-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy. ACS NANO 2018; 12:5021-5029. [PMID: 29659244 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b02513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Nanoscale defects in monolayers (MLs) of two-dimensional (2D) materials, such as graphene, transition-metal dichalcogenides, and 2D polymers, can alter their physical, mechanical, optoelectronic, and chemical properties. However, detailed information about nanodefects within 2D covalent monolayers is difficult to obtain because it requires highly selective and sensitive techniques that can provide chemical information at the nanoscale. Here, we report a 2D imine-linked ML prepared from two custom-designed building blocks by dynamic imine chemistry at the air/water interface, in which an acetylenic moiety in one of the blocks was used as a spectroscopic reporter for nanodefects. Combined with density functional theory calculations that take into account surface selection rules, tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS) imaging provides information on the chemical bonds, molecular orientation, as well as nanodefects in the resulting ML. Additionally, TERS imaging visualizes the topography and integrity of the ML at Au(111) terrace edges, suggesting possible ductility of the ML. Furthermore, edge-induced molecular tilting and a stronger signal enhancement were observed at the terrace edges, from which a spatial resolution around 8 nm could be deduced. The present work can be used to study covalent 2D materials at the nanoscale, which are expected to be of use when engineering their properties for specific device applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Shao
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences , ETH Zurich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3 , CH-8093 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Wenyang Dai
- Department of Materials, Institute of Polymers , ETH Zurich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5 , CH-8093 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Yao Zhang
- Center for Material Physics (CSIC - UPV/EHU and DIPC) , Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5 Donostia 20018 , Spain
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Colorado , Boulder , Colorado 80309 , United States
| | - A Dieter Schlüter
- Department of Materials, Institute of Polymers , ETH Zurich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5 , CH-8093 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Renato Zenobi
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences , ETH Zurich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3 , CH-8093 Zurich , Switzerland
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16
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Park KD, Raschke MB. Polarization Control with Plasmonic Antenna Tips: A Universal Approach to Optical Nanocrystallography and Vector-Field Imaging. NANO LETTERS 2018; 18:2912-2917. [PMID: 29570303 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b00108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Controlling the propagation and polarization vectors in linear and nonlinear optical spectroscopy enables us to probe the anisotropy of optical responses providing structural symmetry selective contrast in optical imaging. Here, we present a novel tilted antenna-tip approach to control the optical vector-field by breaking the axial symmetry of the nanoprobe in tip-enhanced near-field microscopy. This gives rise to a localized plasmonic antenna effect with significantly enhanced optical field vectors with control of both in-plane and out-of-plane components. We use the resulting vector-field specificity in the symmetry selective nonlinear optical response of second-harmonic generation (SHG) for a generalized approach to optical nanocrystallography and imaging. In tip-enhanced SHG imaging of monolayer MoS2 films and single-crystalline ferroelectric YMnO3, we reveal nanocrystallographic details of domain boundaries and domain topology with enhanced sensitivity and nanoscale spatial resolution. The approach is applicable to any anisotropic linear and nonlinear optical response and enables the optical nanocrystallographic imaging of molecular or quantum materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung-Duck Park
- Department of Physics , Department of Chemistry , JILA , and Center for Experiments on Quantum Materials , University of Colorado , Boulder , Colorado 80309 , United States
| | - Markus B Raschke
- Department of Physics , Department of Chemistry , JILA , and Center for Experiments on Quantum Materials , University of Colorado , Boulder , Colorado 80309 , United States
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17
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Xie W, Schlücker S. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopic detection of molecular chemo- and plasmo-catalysis on noble metal nanoparticles. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:2326-2336. [PMID: 29387849 DOI: 10.1039/c7cc07951f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The in situ detection of reactions catalyzed by metal NPs is challenging because the underlying chemical transformations occur at interfaces. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), a surface-selective, sensitive and label-free vibrational spectroscopic technique, is ideally suited for monitoring of heterogeneous catalysis with high chemical specificity. A major limitation in the past, however, was that small, catalytically active metal NPs do not exhibit the high plasmonic activity required for SERS. This feature article focuses on the design, synthesis and use of bifunctional NPs with both catalytic and plasmonic activity for in situ SERS detection of reactions catalyzed by metal NPs. We focus on model reactions induced by chemical reducing agents such as hydride or molecular hydrogen as well as on plasmon-induced photo-catalysis including both photo-oxidation and photo-reduction. Finally, we highlight the concept of photo-recycling on halide-containing silver surfaces for unprecedented multi-electron reduction chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xie
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
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18
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Deckert-Gaudig T, Taguchi A, Kawata S, Deckert V. Tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy - from early developments to recent advances. Chem Soc Rev 2018. [PMID: 28640306 DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00209b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
An analytical technique operating at the nanoscale must be flexible regarding variable experimental conditions while ideally also being highly specific, extremely sensitive, and spatially confined. In this respect, tip-enhanced Raman scattering (TERS) has been demonstrated to be ideally suited to, e.g., elucidating chemical reaction mechanisms, determining the distribution of components and identifying and localizing specific molecular structures at the nanometre scale. TERS combines the specificity of Raman spectroscopy with the high spatial resolution of scanning probe microscopies by utilizing plasmonic nanostructures to confine the incident electromagnetic field and increase it by many orders of magnitude. Consequently, molecular structure information in the optical near field that is inaccessible to other optical microscopy methods can be obtained. In this general review, the development of this still-young technique, from early experiments to recent achievements concerning inorganic, organic, and biological materials, is addressed. Accordingly, the technical developments necessary for stable and reliable AFM- and STM-based TERS experiments, together with the specific properties of the instruments under different conditions, are reviewed. The review also highlights selected experiments illustrating the capabilities of this emerging technique, the number of users of which has steadily increased since its inception in 2000. Finally, an assessment of the frontiers and new concepts of TERS, which aim towards rendering it a general and widely applicable technique that combines the highest possible lateral resolution and extreme sensitivity, is provided.
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19
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Kumar N, Su W, Veselý M, Weckhuysen BM, Pollard AJ, Wain AJ. Nanoscale chemical imaging of solid-liquid interfaces using tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:1815-1824. [PMID: 29308817 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr08257f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS) is a powerful tool for non-destructive and label-free surface molecular mapping at the nanoscale. However, to date nanoscale resolution chemical imaging in a liquid environment has not been possible, in part due to the lack of robust TERS probes that are stable when immersed in a liquid. In this work, we have addressed this challenge by developing plasmonically-active TERS probes with a multilayer metal coating structure that can be successfully used within a liquid environment. Using these novel TERS probes, we have compared the plasmonic enhancement of TERS signals in air and water environments for both gap mode and non-gap mode configurations and show that in both cases the plasmonic enhancement decreases in water. To better understand the signal attenuation in water, we have performed numerical simulations that revealed a negative correlation between the electric field enhancement at the TERS probe-apex and the refractive index of the surrounding medium. Finally, using these robust probes we demonstrate TERS imaging with nanoscale spatial resolution in a water environment for the first time by employing single-wall carbon nanotubes as a model sample. Our findings are expected to broaden the scope of TERS to a range of scientific disciplines in which nanostructured solid-liquid interfaces play a key role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naresh Kumar
- National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex TW11 0LW, UK.
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20
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Fu W, Zhang W. Hybrid AFM for Nanoscale Physicochemical Characterization: Recent Development and Emerging Applications. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2017; 13:1603525. [PMID: 28121376 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201603525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Revised: 12/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Atomic force microscopy (AFM) has evolved to be one of the most powerful tools for the characterization of material surfaces especially at the nanoscale. Recent development of AFM has incorporated a suite of analytical techniques including surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) technique and infrared (IR) spectroscopy to further reveal chemical composition and map the chemical distribution. This incorporation not only elevates the functionality of AFM but also increases the resolution limitation of conventional IR and Raman spectroscopy. Despite the rapid development of such hybrid AFM techniques, many unique features, principles, applications, potential pitfalls or artifacts are not well known to the community. This review systematically summarizes the recent relevant literature on hybrid AFM principles and applications. It focuses specially on AFM-IR and AFM-Raman techniques. Various applications in different research fields are critically reviewed and discussed, highlighting the potentials of these hybrid AFM techniques. Here, the major drawbacks and limitations of these two hybrid AFM techniques are presented. The intentions of this article are to shed new light on the future research and achieve improvements in stability and reliability of the measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanyi Fu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA
| | - Wen Zhang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA
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21
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Zhong JH, Jin X, Meng L, Wang X, Su HS, Yang ZL, Williams CT, Ren B. Probing the electronic and catalytic properties of a bimetallic surface with 3 nm resolution. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 12:132-136. [PMID: 27870842 DOI: 10.1038/nnano.2016.241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
An atomic- and molecular-level understanding of heterogeneous catalysis is required to characterize the nature of active sites and improve the rational design of catalysts. Achieving this level of characterization requires techniques that can correlate catalytic performances to specific surface structures, so as to avoid averaging effects. Tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy combines scanning probe microscopy with plasmon-enhanced Raman scattering and provides simultaneous topographical and chemical information at the nano/atomic scale from ambient to ultrahigh-vacuum and electrochemical environments. Therefore, it has been used to monitor catalytic reactions and is proposed to correlate the local structure and function of heterogeneous catalysts. Bimetallic catalysts, such as Pd-Au, show superior performance in various catalytic reactions, but it has remained challenging to correlate structure and reactivity because of their structural complexity. Here, we show that TERS can chemically and spatially probe the site-specific chemical (electronic and catalytic) and physical (plasmonic) properties of an atomically well-defined Pd(sub-monolayer)/Au(111) bimetallic model catalyst at 3 nm resolution in real space using phenyl isocyanide as a probe molecule (Fig. 1a). We observe a weakened N≡C bond and enhanced reactivity of phenyl isocyanide adsorbed at the Pd step edge compared with that at the Pd terrace. Density functional theory corroborates these observations by revealing a higher d-band electronic profile for the low-coordinated Pd step edge atoms. The 3 nm spatial resolution we demonstrate here is the result of an enhanced electric field and distinct electronic properties at the step edges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Hui Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis &Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Xi Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis &Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Lingyan Meng
- Department of Physics, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis &Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Hai-Sheng Su
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis &Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Zhi-Lin Yang
- Department of Physics, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Christopher T Williams
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | - Bin Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis &Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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22
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Muller EA, Pollard B, Bechtel HA, van Blerkom P, Raschke MB. Infrared vibrational nanocrystallography and nanoimaging. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2016; 2:e1601006. [PMID: 27730212 PMCID: PMC5055384 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1601006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Molecular solids and polymers can form low-symmetry crystal structures that exhibit anisotropic electron and ion mobility in engineered devices or biological systems. The distribution of molecular orientation and disorder then controls the macroscopic material response, yet it is difficult to image with conventional techniques on the nanoscale. We demonstrated a new form of optical nanocrystallography that combines scattering-type scanning near-field optical microscopy with both optical antenna and tip-selective infrared vibrational spectroscopy. From the symmetry-selective probing of molecular bond orientation with nanometer spatial resolution, we determined crystalline phases and orientation in aggregates and films of the organic electronic material perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride. Mapping disorder within and between individual nanoscale domains, the correlative hybrid imaging of nanoscale heterogeneity provides insight into defect formation and propagation during growth in functional molecular solids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric A. Muller
- Department of Physics, Department of Chemistry, and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Benjamin Pollard
- Department of Physics, Department of Chemistry, and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Hans A. Bechtel
- Advanced Light Source Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Peter van Blerkom
- Department of Physics, Department of Chemistry, and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Markus B. Raschke
- Department of Physics, Department of Chemistry, and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
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23
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Abstract
Tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS), a combination of Raman spectroscopy and apertureless near-field scanning optical microscopy using a metallic tip which resonates with the local mode of the surface plasmon, can provide a high-sensitive and high-spatial-resolution optical analytical approach. The basic principle of TERS, common experimental setups, various SPM technologies, and excitation/collection configurations are introduced as well as recent research progress with respect to TERS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenglong Zhang
- School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing , Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China.,School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University , Xi'an, 710062, People's Republic of China.,Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology , Albert-Einstein-Strasse 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Shaoxiang Sheng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Beijing Key Laboratory for Nanomaterials and Nanodevices, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing, 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongming Wang
- School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing , Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengtao Sun
- School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing , Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China.,Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Beijing Key Laboratory for Nanomaterials and Nanodevices, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing, 100190, People's Republic of China
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24
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25
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Kumar N, Spencer SJ, Imbraguglio D, Rossi AM, Wain AJ, Weckhuysen BM, Roy D. Extending the plasmonic lifetime of tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy probes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:13710-6. [PMID: 27140329 DOI: 10.1039/c6cp01641c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS) is an emerging technique for simultaneous mapping of chemical composition and topography of a surface at the nanoscale. However, rapid degradation of TERS probes, especially those coated with silver, is a major bottleneck to the widespread uptake of this technique and severely prohibits the success of many TERS experiments. In this work, we carry out a systematic time-series study of the plasmonic degradation of Ag-coated TERS probes under different environmental conditions and demonstrate that a low oxygen (<1 ppm) and a low moisture (<1 ppm) environment can significantly improve the plasmonic lifetime of TERS probes from a few hours to a few months. Furthermore, using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements on Ag nanoparticles we show that the rapid plasmonic degradation of Ag-coated TERS probes can be correlated to surface oxide formation. Finally, we present practical guidelines for the effective use and storage of TERS probes to improve their plasmonic lifetime based on the results of this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naresh Kumar
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, Middlesex TW11 0LW, UK.
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26
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Wang X, Broch K, Schreiber F, Meixner AJ, Zhang D. Revealing nanoscale optical properties and morphology in perfluoropentacene films by confocal and tip-enhanced near-field optical microscopy and spectroscopy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:15919-26. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp01153e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Combining confocal and high resolution near-field optical microscopy and spectroscopy, we propose a sensitive method for determining the local morphology in organic semiconductor thin films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Wang
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry and LISA+
- University of Tübingen
- 72076 Tübingen
- Germany
| | - Katharina Broch
- Institute of Applied Physics
- University of Tübingen
- 72076 Tübingen
- Germany
- Cavendish Laboratory
| | - Frank Schreiber
- Institute of Applied Physics
- University of Tübingen
- 72076 Tübingen
- Germany
| | - Alfred J. Meixner
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry and LISA+
- University of Tübingen
- 72076 Tübingen
- Germany
| | - Dai Zhang
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry and LISA+
- University of Tübingen
- 72076 Tübingen
- Germany
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27
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Wang X, Zhong JH, Zhang M, Liu Z, Wu DY, Ren B. Revealing Intermolecular Interaction and Surface Restructuring of an Aromatic Thiol Assembling on Au(111) by Tip-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy. Anal Chem 2015; 88:915-21. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b03588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jin-Hui Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Zheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - De-Yin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Bin Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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28
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Boujday S, de la Chapelle ML, Srajer J, Knoll W. Enhanced Vibrational Spectroscopies as Tools for Small Molecule Biosensing. SENSORS 2015; 15:21239-64. [PMID: 26343666 PMCID: PMC4610423 DOI: 10.3390/s150921239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2015] [Revised: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In this short summary we summarize some of the latest developments in vibrational spectroscopic tools applied for the sensing of (small) molecules and biomolecules in a label-free mode of operation. We first introduce various concepts for the enhancement of InfraRed spectroscopic techniques, including the principles of Attenuated Total Reflection InfraRed (ATR-IR), (phase-modulated) InfraRed Reflection Absorption Spectroscopy (IRRAS/PM-IRRAS), and Surface Enhanced Infrared Reflection Absorption Spectroscopy (SEIRAS). Particular attention is put on the use of novel nanostructured substrates that allow for the excitation of propagating and localized surface plasmon modes aimed at operating additional enhancement mechanisms. This is then be complemented by the description of the latest development in Surface- and Tip-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopies, again with an emphasis on the detection of small molecules or bioanalytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souhir Boujday
- UPMC Univ Paris 6, UMR CNRS 7197, Laboratoire de Réactivité de Surface, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France.
- CNRS, UMR 7197, Laboratoire de Réactivité de Surface, F-75005 Paris, France.
- Center for Biomimetic Sensor Science, 50 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637553, Singapore.
| | - Marc Lamy de la Chapelle
- Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire CSPBAT, CNRS, (UMR 7244), 74 rue Marcel Cachin, F-93017 Bobigny, France.
| | - Johannes Srajer
- AIT Austrian Institute of Technology, Donau City Strasse 1, A-1220 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Wolfgang Knoll
- Center for Biomimetic Sensor Science, 50 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637553, Singapore.
- AIT Austrian Institute of Technology, Donau City Strasse 1, A-1220 Vienna, Austria.
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29
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin B. Sambur
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850;
| | - Peng Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850;
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30
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Abstract
Tip-enhanced near-field optical microscopy (TENOM) is a scanning probe technique capable of providing a broad range of spectroscopic information on single objects and structured surfaces at nanometer spatial resolution and with highest detection sensitivity. In this review, we first illustrate the physical principle of TENOM that utilizes the antenna function of a sharp probe to efficiently couple light to excitations on nanometer length scales. We then discuss the antenna-induced enhancement of different optical sample responses including Raman scattering, fluorescence, generation of photocurrent and electroluminescence. Different experimental realizations are presented and several recent examples that demonstrate the capabilities of the technique are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Mauser
- Department Chemie & CeNS, LMU München, 81377 München, Germany.
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31
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Kern AM, Zhang D, Brecht M, Chizhik AI, Failla AV, Wackenhut F, Meixner AJ. Enhanced single-molecule spectroscopy in highly confined optical fields: from λ/2-Fabry–Pérot resonators to plasmonic nano-antennas. Chem Soc Rev 2014; 43:1263-86. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cs60357a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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32
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Pechkova E, Bragazzi NL, Nicolini C. Advances in nanocrystallography as a proteomic tool. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2014; 95:163-91. [PMID: 24985772 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-800453-1.00005-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In order to overcome the difficulties and hurdles too much often encountered in crystallizing a protein with the conventional techniques, our group has introduced the innovative Langmuir-Blodgett (LB)-based crystallization, as a major advance in the field of both structural and functional proteomics, thus pioneering the emerging field of the so-called nanocrystallography or nanobiocrystallography. This approach uniquely combines protein crystallography and nanotechnologies within an integrated, coherent framework that allows one to obtain highly stable protein crystals and to fully characterize them at a nano- and subnanoscale. A variety of experimental techniques and theoretical/semi-theoretical approaches, ranging from atomic force microscopy, circular dichroism, Raman spectroscopy and other spectroscopic methods, microbeam grazing-incidence small-angle X-ray scattering to in silico simulations, bioinformatics, and molecular dynamics, has been exploited in order to study the LB-films and to investigate the kinetics and the main features of LB-grown crystals. When compared to classical hanging-drop crystallization, LB technique appears strikingly superior and yields results comparable with crystallization in microgravity environments. Therefore, the achievement of LB-based crystallography can have a tremendous impact in the field of industrial and clinical/therapeutic applications, opening new perspectives for personalized medicine. These implications are envisaged and discussed in the present contribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia Pechkova
- Nanobiotechnology and Biophysics Laboratories (NBL), Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; Nanoworld Institute Fondazione ELBA Nicolini (FEN), Pradalunga, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Nicola Luigi Bragazzi
- Nanobiotechnology and Biophysics Laboratories (NBL), Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; Nanoworld Institute Fondazione ELBA Nicolini (FEN), Pradalunga, Bergamo, Italy; School of Public Health, Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Claudio Nicolini
- Nanobiotechnology and Biophysics Laboratories (NBL), Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; Nanoworld Institute Fondazione ELBA Nicolini (FEN), Pradalunga, Bergamo, Italy; Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA.
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Naumenko D, Cassese D, Lazzarino M, Bek A. Tip-Assisted Optical Nanoscopy for Single-Molecule Activation and Detection. NOVEL APPROACHES FOR SINGLE MOLECULE ACTIVATION AND DETECTION 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-662-43367-6_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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34
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Kazemi-Zanjani N, Kergrene E, Liu L, Sham TK, Lagugné-Labarthet F. Tip-enhanced Raman imaging and nano spectroscopy of etched silicon nanowires. SENSORS 2013; 13:12744-59. [PMID: 24072021 PMCID: PMC3859034 DOI: 10.3390/s131012744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Accepted: 09/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS) is used to investigate the influence of strains in isolated and overlapping silicon nanowires prepared by chemical etching of a (100) silicon wafer. An atomic force microscopy tip made of nanocrystalline diamond coated with a thin layer of silver is used in conjunction with an excitation wavelength of 532 nm in order to probe the first order optical phonon mode of the [100] silicon nanowires. The frequency shift and the broadening of the silicon first order phonon are analyzed and compared to the topographical measurements for distinct configuration of nanowires that are disposed in straight, bent or overlapping configuration over a microscope coverslip. The TERS spatial resolution is close to the topography provided by the nanocrystalline diamond tip and subtle spectral changes are observed for different nanowire configurations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nastaran Kazemi-Zanjani
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, N6A 5B7, Canada.
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Poliani E, Wagner MR, Reparaz JS, Mandl M, Strassburg M, Kong X, Trampert A, Sotomayor Torres CM, Hoffmann A, Maultzsch J. Nanoscale imaging of InN segregation and polymorphism in single vertically aligned InGaN/GaN multi quantum well nanorods by tip-enhanced Raman scattering. NANO LETTERS 2013; 13:3205-3212. [PMID: 23795596 DOI: 10.1021/nl401277y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Vertically aligned GaN nanorod arrays with nonpolar InGaN/GaN multi quantum wells (MQW) were grown by MOVPE on c-plane GaN-on-sapphire templates. The chemical and structural properties of single nanorods are optically investigated with a spatial resolution beyond the diffraction limit using tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS). This enables the local mapping of variations in the chemical composition, charge distribution, and strain in the MQW region of the nanorods. Nanoscale fluctuations of the In content in the InGaN layer of a few percent can be identified and visualized with a lateral resolution below 35 nm. We obtain evidence for the presence of indium clustering and the formation of cubic inclusions in the wurtzite matrix near the QW layers. These results are directly confirmed by high-resolution TEM images, revealing the presence of stacking faults and different polymorphs close to the surface near the MQW region. The combination of TERS and HRTEM demonstrates the potential of this nanoscale near-field imaging technique, establishing TERS as a very potent, comprehensive, and nondestructive tool for the characterization and optimization of technologically relevant semiconductor nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Poliani
- Institut für Festkörperphysik, Technische Universität Berlin , 10623 Berlin, Germany
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36
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Zhang R, Zhang Y, Dong ZC, Jiang S, Zhang C, Chen LG, Zhang L, Liao Y, Aizpurua J, Luo Y, Yang JL, Hou JG. Chemical mapping of a single molecule by plasmon-enhanced Raman scattering. Nature 2013; 498:82-6. [DOI: 10.1038/nature12151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1236] [Impact Index Per Article: 112.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2012] [Accepted: 03/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Abstract
Both atomic force microscopy (AFM) and Raman spectroscopy are techniques used to gather information about the surface properties of a sample. There are many reasons to combine these two technologies, and this article looks both at the complementary information gained from the techniques and how a researcher having access to a combined system can benefit from the additional information available.
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Ramos R, Gordon MJ. Reflection-mode, confocal, tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy system for scanning chemical microscopy of surfaces. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2012; 83:093706. [PMID: 23020382 DOI: 10.1063/1.4751860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A reflection-mode, confocal, tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy system for nanoscale chemical imaging of surfaces is presented. The instrument is based on a beam-bounce atomic force microscope with a side-on Raman microscope with true confocal light illumination and collection. Localized vibrational (Raman) spectroscopy is demonstrated at length scales down to 20 nm on opaque samples. The design and validation of the instrument are discussed with quantitative emphasis on confocal microscope operation, plasmonic properties of the tip, point spectroscopy, and Raman imaging of SiGe nanowires.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Ramos
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106-5080, USA
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Lucas M, Riedo E. Invited review article: combining scanning probe microscopy with optical spectroscopy for applications in biology and materials science. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2012; 83:061101. [PMID: 22755608 DOI: 10.1063/1.4720102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This is a comprehensive review of the combination of scanning probe microscopy (SPM) with various optical spectroscopies, with a particular focus on Raman spectroscopy. Efforts to combine SPM with optical spectroscopy will be described, and the technical difficulties encountered will be examined. These efforts have so far focused mainly on the development of tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, a powerful technique to detect and image chemical signatures with single molecule sensitivity, which will be reviewed. Beyond tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy and/or topography measurements, combinations of SPM with optical spectroscopy have a great potential in the characterization of structure and quantitative measurements of physical properties, such as mechanical, optical, or electrical properties, in delicate biological samples and nanomaterials. The different approaches to improve the spatial resolution, the chemical sensitivity, and the accuracy of physical properties measurements will be discussed. Applications of such combinations for the characterization of structure, defects, and physical properties in biology and materials science will be reviewed. Due to the versatility of SPM probes for the manipulation and characterization of small and/or delicate samples, this review will mainly focus on the apertureless techniques based on SPM probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Lucas
- School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0430, USA.
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40
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Ishibe K, Nakada S, Mera Y, Maeda K. Nanoprobe fourier-transform photoabsorption spectroscopy using a supercontinuum light source. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2012; 18:591-595. [PMID: 22640967 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927612000219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A scheme of photoabsorption spectroscopy based on scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) has been developed by using a supercontinuum light as the wideband light source of a Fourier transform interferometer for spectroscopic measurements. The performance was demonstrated for a sample of GaAs. The proof-of-concept test showed that the use of the supercontinuum light instead of halogen lamps greatly enhances the signal-to-noise ratio due to the high brilliance of the supercontinuum light emitted from a small core of the photonic crystal fiber that enables tight focusing of the spectroscopy light onto the sample beneath the STM tip.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyoshiro Ishibe
- Department of Applied Physics, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-5686, Japan
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41
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Yano TA, Ichimura T, Kuwahara S, Verma P, Kawata S. Subnanometric stabilization of plasmon-enhanced optical microscopy. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2012; 23:205503. [PMID: 22543309 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/23/20/205503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We have demonstrated subnanometric stabilization of tip-enhanced optical microscopy under ambient condition. Time-dependent thermal drift of a plasmonic metallic tip was optically sensed at subnanometer scale, and was compensated in real-time. In addition, mechanically induced displacement of the tip, which usually occurs when the amount of tip-applied force varies, was also compensated in situ. The stabilization of tip-enhanced optical microscopy enables us to perform long-time and robust measurement without any degradation of optical signal, resulting in true nanometric optical imaging with high reproducibility and high precision. The technique presented is applicable for AFM-based nanoindentation with subnanometric precision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taka-aki Yano
- Department of Applied Physics, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
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Stadler J, Schmid T, Zenobi R. Developments in and practical guidelines for tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. NANOSCALE 2012; 4:1856-1870. [PMID: 22105888 DOI: 10.1039/c1nr11143d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
This feature review provides an overview of the state-of the art and recent developments in tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS), in-depth information about the different available types of instruments including their (dis-)advantages and capabilities as well as a short glance at a number of samples that have recently been investigated using TERS. Issues concerning the progression of TERS from point spectroscopy to an imaging technique are discussed, as well as problems arising from background and contamination signals. This review is concluded with a short TERS 'user guideline', trying to aid researchers new in the field to properly align and test their own TERS setups. Finally, a short outlook is given and some critical issues are raised that need to be solved by the community sooner or later, in order to promote TERS towards a 'push-button' operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Stadler
- ETH Zurich, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 10, HCI E 329, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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Lee WM, Sung JH, Chu K, Moya X, Lee D, Kim CJ, Mathur ND, Cheong SW, Yang CH, Jo MH. Spatially resolved photodetection in leaky ferroelectric BiFeO(3). ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2012; 24:OP49-OP53. [PMID: 22282134 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201102816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Potential gradients due to the spontaneous polarization of BiFeO(3) yield asymmetric and nonlinear photocarrier dynamics. Photocurrent direction is determined by local ferroelectric domain orientation, whereas magnitude is spectrally centered around charged domain walls that are associated with oxygen vacancy migration. Photodetection can be electrically controlled by manipulating ferroelectric domain configurations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won-Mo Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Gyungbuk, Korea
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44
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Lindquist NC, Nagpal P, McPeak KM, Norris DJ, Oh SH. Engineering metallic nanostructures for plasmonics and nanophotonics. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2012; 75:036501. [PMID: 22790420 PMCID: PMC3396886 DOI: 10.1088/0034-4885/75/3/036501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Metallic nanostructures now play an important role in many applications. In particular, for the emerging fields of plasmonics and nanophotonics, the ability to engineer metals on nanometric scales allows the development of new devices and the study of exciting physics. This review focuses on top-down nanofabrication techniques for engineering metallic nanostructures, along with computational and experimental characterization techniques. A variety of current and emerging applications are also covered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan C Lindquist
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, U.S.A
- Physics Department, Bethel University, St. Paul, MN, U.S.A
| | | | - Kevin M McPeak
- Optical Materials Engineering Laboratory, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - David J Norris
- Optical Materials Engineering Laboratory, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Sang-Hyun Oh
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, U.S.A
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45
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Liu Z, Ding SY, Chen ZB, Wang X, Tian JH, Anema JR, Zhou XS, Wu DY, Mao BW, Xu X, Ren B, Tian ZQ. Revealing the molecular structure of single-molecule junctions in different conductance states by fishing-mode tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. Nat Commun 2011; 2:305. [PMID: 21556059 PMCID: PMC3112534 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms1310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2010] [Accepted: 04/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The conductance of single-molecule junctions may be governed by the structure of the molecule in the gap or by the way it bonds with the leads, and the information contained in a Raman spectrum is ideal for examining both. Here we demonstrate that molecule-to-surface bonding may be characterized during electron transport by 'fishing-mode' tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (FM-TERS). This technique allows mutually verifiable single-molecule conductance and Raman signals with single-molecule contributions to be acquired simultaneously at room temperature. Density functional theory calculations reveal that the most significant spectral change seen for a gold-4,4′-bipyridine-gold junction results from the deformation of the pyridine ring in contact with the drain electrode at high voltage, and these calculations suggest that a stronger bonding interaction between the molecule and the drain may account for the nonlinear dependence of conductance on bias voltage. FM-TERS will lead to a better understanding of electron-transport processes in molecular junctions. The conductance of single-molecule junctions is affected by the structure of the molecule and how it is bound to the electrodes, which may be examined using Raman spectroscopy. Liu et al. have developed 'fishing-mode' tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, which allows the simultaneous determination of conductance and Raman spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Key Laboratory of Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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46
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Böhmler M, Wang Z, Myalitsin A, Mews A, Hartschuh A. Optische Mikroskopie an CdSe-Nanodrähten mit Nanometerauflösung. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201105217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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47
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Böhmler M, Wang Z, Myalitsin A, Mews A, Hartschuh A. Optical Imaging of CdSe Nanowires with Nanoscale Resolution. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:11536-8. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201105217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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48
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Rørvik PM, Grande T, Einarsrud MA. One-dimensional nanostructures of ferroelectric perovskites. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2011; 23:4007-4034. [PMID: 21796684 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201004676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2010] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Nanorods, nanowires, and nanotubes of ferroelectric perovskites have recently been studied with increasing intensity due to their potential use in non-volatile ferroelectric random access memory, nano-electromechanical systems, energy-harvesting devices, advanced sensors, and in photocatalysis. This Review summarizes the current status of these 1D nanostructures and gives a critical overview of synthesis routes with emphasis on chemical methods. The ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties of the 1D nanostructures are discussed and possible applications are highlighted. Finally, prospects for future research within this field are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Per Martin Rørvik
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
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49
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Najjar S, Talaga D, Coffinier Y, Szunerits S, Boukherroub R, Servant L, Couzi M, Bonhommeau S. Characterization of single transition metal oxide nanorods by combining atomic force microscopy and polarized micro-Raman spectroscopy. Chem Phys Lett 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2011.08.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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50
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Chaigneau M, Picardi G, Ossikovski R. Molecular arrangement in self-assembled azobenzene-containing thiol monolayers at the individual domain level studied through polarized near-field Raman spectroscopy. Int J Mol Sci 2011; 12:1245-58. [PMID: 21541056 PMCID: PMC3083703 DOI: 10.3390/ijms12021245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2011] [Revised: 02/10/2011] [Accepted: 02/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
6-[4-(phenylazo)phenoxy]hexane-1-thiol self-assembled monolayers deposited on a gold surface form domain-like structures possessing a high degree of order with virtually all the molecules being identically oriented with respect to the surface plane. We show that, by using polarized near-field Raman spectroscopy, it is possible to derive the Raman scattering tensor of the ordered layer and consequently, the in-plane molecular orientation at the individual domain level. More generally, this study extends the application domain of the near-field Raman scattering selection rules from crystals to ordered organic structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Chaigneau
- LPICM, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, 91128 Palaiseau, France; E-Mails: (M.C.); (G.P.)
| | - Gennaro Picardi
- LPICM, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, 91128 Palaiseau, France; E-Mails: (M.C.); (G.P.)
- NCSR, School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Razvigor Ossikovski
- LPICM, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, 91128 Palaiseau, France; E-Mails: (M.C.); (G.P.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +33-169-334-367; Fax: +33-169-334-333
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