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Cheng Y, Lin S, Ren T, Zhang J, Shi Y, Chen Y, Chen Y. New murine model of alcoholic hepatitis in obesity-induced metabolic-associated fatty liver disease. Exp Anim 2023; 72:389-401. [PMID: 37019681 PMCID: PMC10435355 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.22-0160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) and alcoholic hepatitis (AH) are among the most prevalent liver diseases worldwide, and their coexistence is common in clinical practice. However, currently established models of MAFLD-AH coexistence do not fully replicate their pathological characteristics and require sophisticated experimental techniques. Therefore, we aimed to develop an easily replicable model that mimics obesity-induced MAFLD-AH in patients. Our goal was to establish a murine model that replicates MAFLD and AH coexistence, resulting in significant liver injury and inflammation. To this end, we administered a single ethanol gavage dose to ob/ob mice on a chow diet. The administration of a single dose of ethanol led to elevated serum transaminase levels, increased liver steatosis, and apoptosis in ob/ob mice. Furthermore, ethanol binge caused a significant increase in oxidative stress in ob/ob mice, as measured via 4-hydroxynonenal. Importantly, the single dose of ethanol also markedly exacerbated liver neutrophil infiltration and upregulated the hepatic mRNA expression of several chemokines and neutrophil-related proteins, including Cxcl1, Cxcl2, and Lcn2. Whole-liver transcriptomic analysis revealed that ethanol-induced changes in gene expression profile shared similar features with AH and MAFLD. In ob/ob mice, a single dose of ethanol binge caused significant liver injury and neutrophil infiltration. This easy-to-replicate murine model successfully mimics the pathological and clinical features of patients with coexisting MAFLD and AH and closely resembles the transcriptional regulation seen in human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Cheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, P.R. China
| | - Shuangzhe Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Tianyi Ren
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, P.R. China
| | - Jianbin Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Yingying Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, P.R. China
| | - Yingwei Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, P.R. China
| | - Yuanwen Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, 221 West Yan’an Road, Shanghai, 200040, P.R. China
- Department of Geriatrics, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, 221 West Yan’an Road, Shanghai, 200040, P.R. China
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Wang YR, Xie N, Zhang YJ, Wang L, Sun Z, Zeng T. High-fat diet promotes multiple binges-induced liver injury via promoting hepatic macrophage proinflammatory polarization. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2023; 12:480-492. [PMID: 37397912 PMCID: PMC10311135 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfad033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
High-fat diet (HFD) and ethanol could synergistically induce liver damage, but the underlying mechanisms remain to be elucidated. M1-polarized macrophages have been demonstrated to be key players in ethanol-induced liver damage. The current study was designed to investigate whether hepatic steatosis could promote ethanol-induced liver injury by promoting liver macrophage M1 polarization. In the in vivo study, 12 weeks of HFD feeding induced a moderate increase in the F4/80 expression and protein levels of p-IKKα/β, p-IκBα, and p-p65, which was suppressed by single binge. In contrast, 8 weeks of HFD and multiple binges (two binges per week during the last 4 weeks) synergistically increased the F4/80 expression, mRNA levels of M1 polarization biomarkers including Ccl2, Tnfa, and Il1b, and protein levels of p65, p-p65, COX2, and Caspase 1. In the in vitro study, a nontoxic free fatty acids (FFAs) mixture (oleic acid/palmitic acid = 2: 1) induced a moderate increase of protein levels of p-p65 and NLRP3 in murine AML12 hepatocytes, which was inhibited by ethanol co-exposure. Ethanol alone induced proinflammatory polarization of murine J774A.1 macrophages evidenced by the enhanced secretion of TNF-α, increased mRNA levels of Ccl2, Tnfa, and Il1b, and upregulated protein levels of p65, p-p65, NLRP3, and Caspase 1, which was augmented by FFAs exposure. Collectively, these results suggest that HFD and multiple binges could synergistically induce liver damage by promoting the proinflammatory activation of macrophages in mice livers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ran Wang
- Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Na Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jining Third People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong 272100, China
| | - Yan-Jing Zhang
- Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Zhan Sun
- Institute of Physical and Chemical Analysis, Jinan Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
| | - Tao Zeng
- Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
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Osna NA, Rasineni K, Ganesan M, Donohue TM, Kharbanda KK. Pathogenesis of Alcohol-Associated Liver Disease. J Clin Exp Hepatol 2022; 12:1492-1513. [PMID: 36340300 PMCID: PMC9630031 DOI: 10.1016/j.jceh.2022.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive alcohol consumption is a global healthcare problem with enormous social, economic, and clinical consequences. While chronic, heavy alcohol consumption causes structural damage and/or disrupts normal organ function in virtually every tissue of the body, the liver sustains the greatest damage. This is primarily because the liver is the first to see alcohol absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract via the portal circulation and second, because the liver is the principal site of ethanol metabolism. Alcohol-induced damage remains one of the most prevalent disorders of the liver and a leading cause of death or transplantation from liver disease. Despite extensive research on the pathophysiology of this disease, there are still no targeted therapies available. Given the multifactorial mechanisms for alcohol-associated liver disease pathogenesis, it is conceivable that a multitherapeutic regimen is needed to treat different stages in the spectrum of this disease.
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Key Words
- AA, Arachidonic acid
- ADH, Alcohol dehydrogenase
- AH, Alcoholic hepatitis
- ALD, Alcohol-associated liver disease
- ALDH, Aldehyde dehydrogenase
- ALT, Alanine transaminase
- ASH, Alcohol-associated steatohepatitis
- AST, Aspartate transaminase
- AUD, Alcohol use disorder
- BHMT, Betaine-homocysteine-methyltransferase
- CD, Cluster of differentiation
- COX, Cycloxygenase
- CTLs, Cytotoxic T-lymphocytes
- CYP, Cytochrome P450
- CYP2E1, Cytochrome P450 2E1
- Cu/Zn SOD, Copper/zinc superoxide dismutase
- DAMPs, Damage-associated molecular patterns
- DC, Dendritic cells
- EDN1, Endothelin 1
- ER, Endoplasmic reticulum
- ETOH, Ethanol
- EVs, Extracellular vesicles
- FABP4, Fatty acid-binding protein 4
- FAF2, Fas-associated factor family member 2
- FMT, Fecal microbiota transplant
- Fn14, Fibroblast growth factor-inducible 14
- GHS-R1a, Growth hormone secretagogue receptor type 1a
- GI, GOsteopontinastrointestinal tract
- GSH Px, Glutathione peroxidase
- GSSG Rdx, Glutathione reductase
- GST, Glutathione-S-transferase
- GWAS, Genome-wide association studies
- H2O2, Hydrogen peroxide
- HA, Hyaluronan
- HCC, Hepatocellular carcinoma
- HNE, 4-hydroxynonenal
- HPMA, 3-hydroxypropylmercapturic acid
- HSC, Hepatic stellate cells
- HSD17B13, 17 beta hydroxy steroid dehydrogenase 13
- HSP 90, Heat shock protein 90
- IFN, Interferon
- IL, Interleukin
- IRF3, Interferon regulatory factor 3
- JAK, Janus kinase
- KC, Kupffer cells
- LCN2, Lipocalin 2
- M-D, Mallory–Denk
- MAA, Malondialdehyde-acetaldehyde protein adducts
- MAT, Methionine adenosyltransferase
- MCP, Macrophage chemotactic protein
- MDA, Malondialdehyde
- MIF, Macrophage migration inhibitory factor
- Mn SOD, Manganese superoxide dismutase
- Mt, Mitochondrial
- NK, Natural killer
- NKT, Natural killer T-lymphocytes
- OPN, Osteopontin
- PAMP, Pathogen-associated molecular patterns
- PNPLA3, Patatin-like phospholipase domain containing 3
- PUFA, Polyunsaturated fatty acid
- RIG1, Retinoic acid inducible gene 1
- SAH, S-adenosylhomocysteine
- SAM, S-adenosylmethionine
- SCD, Stearoyl-CoA desaturase
- STAT, Signal transduction and activator of transcription
- TIMP1, Tissue inhibitor matrix metalloproteinase 1
- TLR, Toll-like receptor
- TNF, Tumor necrosis factor-α
- alcohol
- alcohol-associated liver disease
- ethanol metabolism
- liver
- miRNA, MicroRNA
- p90RSK, 90 kDa ribosomal S6 kinase
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia A. Osna
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, 68105, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Karuna Rasineni
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, 68105, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Murali Ganesan
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, 68105, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Terrence M. Donohue
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, 68105, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Kusum K. Kharbanda
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, 68105, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
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4
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The effects of scoparone on alcohol and high-fat diet-induced liver injury revealed by RNA sequencing. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 155:113770. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Zhu H, Jiang W, Liu C, Wang C, Hu B, Guo Y, Cheng Y, Qian H. Ameliorative effects of chlorogenic acid on alcoholic liver injury in mice via gut microbiota informatics. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 928:175096. [PMID: 35697148 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Chlorogenic acid (CGA) is a functional phenolic acid widely used in food and medicine-related fields. It has been proved to be effective in the treatment of alcoholic liver disease (ALD). However, the exact mechanism by which CGA prevents ALD, especially from the crosstalk between gut and liver, has not been previously reported. This work was aimed to explore the protective effects of CGA against ALD and its relationships to gut-liver axis abnormalities. Experimental results showed the increased (p < 0.05) serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), low density lipoprotein (LDL), total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) levels of mice fed with ethanol were ameliorated by supplementing with CGA. Moreover, CGA promoted the production of n-butyric acid by nearly 3 times (1.78 vs 0.62 nM, p < 0.01), a short-chain fatty acid that helps maintain the integrity of the intestinal barrier. Furthermore, CGA alleviated microbial dysbiosis, evidenced by the increased relative abundances of beneficial bacteria Muribaculaceae, Bacteroides, Alloprevotella, and Parabacteroides, and decreased that of opportunistic pathogens Eubacterium_nodatum, Eubacterium_ruminantium, and Anaerotruncus. Correlation analysis further elucidated the microbiota altered after CGA intervention was positively correlated with short-chain fatty acids and antioxidant indexes, while negatively correlated with inflammatory cytokines. In summary, these findings suggested the hepatoprotective effect of CGA was ascribed to the modulation of gut-liver axis homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongkang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China; Synergetic Innovation Center for Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Wenhao Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China; Synergetic Innovation Center for Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Chang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China; Synergetic Innovation Center for Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China; Synergetic Innovation Center for Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Bin Hu
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Yahui Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China; Synergetic Innovation Center for Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Yuliang Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China; Synergetic Innovation Center for Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
| | - He Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China; Synergetic Innovation Center for Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
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6
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Li Q, Liu W, Feng Y, Hou H, Zhang Z, Yu Q, Zhou Y, Luo Q, Luo Y, Ouyang H, Zhang H, Zhu W. Radix Puerariae thomsonii polysaccharide (RPP) improves inflammation and lipid peroxidation in alcohol and high-fat diet mice by regulating gut microbiota. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 209:858-870. [PMID: 35439478 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.04.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Polysaccharides are the important active constituents of Radix Puerariae thomsonii. Numerous studies have shown that polysaccharides can regulate gut microbiota, repair intestinal barrier, and affect the microbiota-intestine-liver axis, thereby showing therapeutic effects on metabolic disorders. In this study, Radix Puerariae thomsonii polysaccharide (RPP) was extracted from Radix Puerariae thomsonii. The average Mw of RPP was determined to be 1.09 × 105 Da and the monosaccharide composition showed it consisted of glucose. The effects and underlying mechanisms of RPP on fatty liver were studied using C57/BL6J mice induced by alcohol and high-fat diet. The results showed that the oral supplementation of RPP could alleviate alcohol and high-fat diet-induced hepatic injury and steatosis. RPP also promoted intestinal barrier integrity and reduced inflammation through NF-κB signaling pathway. RPP could ameliorate the lipid peroxidation by AMPK/NADPH oxidase signaling pathway. Additionally, these improvements might be related to the enrichment of intestinal bacteria Parabacteroides (promote intestinal barrier integrity) and Prevotellaceae UCG 001 (activation of AMPK signaling pathway). These results demonstrated that RPP could improve inflammation and lipid peroxidation in the alcohol and high-fat diet mouse by restoring the intestinal barrier integrity and regulating the gut microbiota. This suggested that RPP was a potential food supplement for the treatment of fatty liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Li
- Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, No. 818 Yunwan Road, Nanchang 330002, PR China
| | - Wenjun Liu
- Research and Development Department, Jiangzhong Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., No.1899 Meiling Road, Nanchang 330103, PR China
| | - Yulin Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug and Efficient Energy-Saving Pharmaceutical Equipment, No. 56 Yangming Road, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Hengwei Hou
- Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, No. 818 Yunwan Road, Nanchang 330002, PR China
| | - Zhuang Zhang
- Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, No. 818 Yunwan Road, Nanchang 330002, PR China
| | - Qingqing Yu
- Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, No. 818 Yunwan Road, Nanchang 330002, PR China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, No. 818 Yunwan Road, Nanchang 330002, PR China
| | - Quan Luo
- Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, No. 818 Yunwan Road, Nanchang 330002, PR China
| | - Yingying Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug and Efficient Energy-Saving Pharmaceutical Equipment, No. 56 Yangming Road, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Hui Ouyang
- Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, No. 818 Yunwan Road, Nanchang 330002, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug and Efficient Energy-Saving Pharmaceutical Equipment, No. 56 Yangming Road, Nanchang 330006, PR China.
| | - Hua Zhang
- Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, No. 818 Yunwan Road, Nanchang 330002, PR China.
| | - Weifeng Zhu
- Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, No. 818 Yunwan Road, Nanchang 330002, PR China; Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Chinese Medicine of Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, No. 818 Yunwan Road, Nanchang 330002, PR China.
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7
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Vijayan DK, Perumcherry Raman S, Dara PK, Jacob RM, Mathew S, Rangasamy A, Chandragiri Nagarajarao R. In vivo anti-lipidemic and antioxidant potential of collagen peptides obtained from great hammerhead shark skin waste. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022; 59:1140-1151. [PMID: 35185213 PMCID: PMC8814281 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-021-05118-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the ability of fish collagen peptides (FCP) derived from the skin of great hammerhead shark (Sphyrna mokarran) in attenuating the high fat diet-alcohol induced hyperlipidemia. The oral supplementation of FCP in high fat diet-alcohol fed experimental rats confirmed the regulation of body weight to normal level. The FCP treated group revealed the efficient lipid lowering ability by enhancing the cholesterol metabolism. Western blot analysis of the lipid metabolic enzymes revealed that the oral-intake of FCP has down-regulated the expression levels of fatty acid synthase and 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGCR). Simultaneously, the expression levels of Lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) in liver was up-regulated. Histopathology analysis of liver tissues demonstrated that the FCP treated group maintained normal liver parenchyma with moderate inflammatory infiltration, whereas the statin treated group developed centrilobular fibrosis, atrophy of hepatocytes and moderate inflammatory infiltration. Oral dietary supplementation of FCP enhanced the activity levels of both superoxide dismutase and catalase enzymes and, lowered the levels of lipid peroxidation in liver tissues. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13197-021-05118-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya K. Vijayan
- Biochemistry and Nutrition Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Kochi, Kerala 682059 India
- Center of Excellence in Food Processing Technology, Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies, Panangad, Kochi, 682506 India
| | - Sreerekha Perumcherry Raman
- Biochemistry and Nutrition Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Kochi, Kerala 682059 India
- Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology, Biochemistry, CUSAT, Cochin, Kerala 682016 India
| | - Pavan Kumar Dara
- Biochemistry and Nutrition Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Kochi, Kerala 682059 India
| | - Rosemol M. Jacob
- Biochemistry and Nutrition Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Kochi, Kerala 682059 India
| | - Suseela Mathew
- Biochemistry and Nutrition Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Kochi, Kerala 682059 India
| | - Anandan Rangasamy
- Biochemistry and Nutrition Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Kochi, Kerala 682059 India
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Di Ciaula A, Bonfrate L, Krawczyk M, Frühbeck G, Portincasa P. Synergistic and Detrimental Effects of Alcohol Intake on Progression of Liver Steatosis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052636. [PMID: 35269779 PMCID: PMC8910376 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and alcoholic liver disease (ALD) are the most common liver disorders worldwide and the major causes of non-viral liver cirrhosis in the general population. In NAFLD, metabolic abnormalities, obesity, and metabolic syndrome are the driving factors for liver damage with no or minimal alcohol consumption. ALD refers to liver damage caused by excess alcohol intake in individuals drinking more than 5 to 10 daily units for years. Although NAFLD and ALD are nosologically considered two distinct entities, they show a continuum and exert synergistic effects on the progression toward liver cirrhosis. The current view is that low alcohol use might also increase the risk of advanced clinical liver disease in NAFLD, whereas metabolic factors increase the risk of cirrhosis among alcohol risk drinkers. Therefore, special interest is now addressed to individuals with metabolic abnormalities who consume small amounts of alcohol or who binge drink, for the role of light-to-moderate alcohol use in fibrosis progression and clinical severity of the liver disease. Evidence shows that in the presence of NAFLD, there is no liver-safe limit of alcohol intake. We discuss the epidemiological and clinical features of NAFLD/ALD, aspects of alcohol metabolism, and mechanisms of damage concerning steatosis, fibrosis, cumulative effects, and deleterious consequences which include hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agostino Di Ciaula
- Clinica Medica “Augusto Murri”, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School—Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.D.C.); (L.B.)
| | - Leonilde Bonfrate
- Clinica Medica “Augusto Murri”, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School—Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.D.C.); (L.B.)
| | - Marcin Krawczyk
- Department of Medicine II Saarland University Medical Center, Saarland University, 66424 Homburg, Germany;
- Laboratory of Metabolic Liver Diseases, Department of General, Transplant and Liver Surgery, Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Gema Frühbeck
- Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain;
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), ISCIII, 31009 Pamplona, Spain
- Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31009 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Piero Portincasa
- Clinica Medica “Augusto Murri”, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School—Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.D.C.); (L.B.)
- Correspondence:
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9
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Sun FR, Wang BY. Alcohol and Metabolic-associated Fatty Liver Disease. J Clin Transl Hepatol 2021; 9:719-730. [PMID: 34722187 PMCID: PMC8516839 DOI: 10.14218/jcth.2021.00173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The diagnosis of metabolic-associated fatty liver disease is based on the detection of liver steatosis together with the presence of metabolic dysfunction. According to this new definition, the diagnosis of metabolic-associated fatty liver disease is independent of the amount of alcohol consumed. Actually, alcohol and its metabolites have various effects on metabolic-associated abnormalities during the process of alcohol metabolism. Studies have shown improved metabolic function in light to moderate alcohol drinkers. There are several studies focusing on the role of light to moderate alcohol intake on metabolic dysfunction. However, the results from studies are diverse, and the conclusions are often controversial. This review systematically discusses the effects of alcohol consumption, focusing on light to moderate alcohol consumption, obesity, lipid and glucose metabolism, and blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bing-Yuan Wang
- Correspondence to: Bing-Yuan Wang, Department of Elderly Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4233-6093. Tel: + 86-24-8328-3764, E-mail:
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10
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Animal Evidence for Synergistic Induction of Hepatic Injury by Dietary Fat and Alcohol Consumption and Its Potential Mechanisms. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11040287. [PMID: 33918059 PMCID: PMC8070044 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11040287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In contrast to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) as an innovative definition can coexist with significant alcohol consumption. Massive clinical observations have indicated that high-fat/-calorie diet induced metabolic dysfunction along with alcohol intake deteriorates steatotic liver injury. To explore the potential mechanisms of fatty diet together with alcohol-induced steatohepatitis, we adopted a rat model by comparing a half-dose combination of fat diet (20%) and alcohol (10%) with their corresponding double dose of 40% fat diet and 20% alcohol for 8 weeks. The notable alterations in histopathology, acceleration in the oxidation parameters (ROS, NO and lipid peroxidation) and serum transaminase levels were shown in the concomitant group. Concomitant use of a high-fat diet and alcohol provoked hepatic endoplasmic reticulum stress, but did not activate mitochondria-mediated apoptosis parameters compared to F. In contrast, the notable activation of caspase-12 and nuclear translocation of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP) homologous protein (CHOP) were observed only in the combined treatment group. The concomitant dietary fat intake and alcohol consumption lead to liver injury initially and later to steatohepatitis by the overdose of fat or alcohol, and in which the CHOP and caspase-12 might be involved in synergistic acceleration of steatohepatitis through a mitochondria-independent manner.
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Müller SG, Jardim NS, Trindade MA, Nogueira CW. Opioid System Contributes to the Trifluoromethyl-Substituted Diselenide Effectiveness in a Lifestyle-Induced Depression Mouse Model. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:2231-2241. [PMID: 33417225 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02255-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Energy-dense foods and ethanol consumption are associated with mood disorders. m-Trifluoromethyl-diphenyl diselenide [(m-CF3-PhSe)2] has been a prominent pharmacological target due to its antidepressant-like effects. This study investigated if the modulation of opioid and glucocorticoid receptors and its well-known antioxidant property contribute to the (m-CF3-PhSe)2 antidepressant-like effect in young mice subjected to an energy-dense diet and ethanol intake. Swiss male mice [postnatal day (PND) 25] were exposed to an energy-dense diet (containing 20% fat and 20% carbohydrate) or standard chow until the PND 67. Mice received ethanol (2 g/kg) or water administration (3 times a week, intragastrically [i.g.]) from PND 45 to PND 60. After that, mice received (m-CF3-PhSe)2 (5 mg/kg/day; i.g) or vegetal oil administration from PND 60 to 66. Mice performed the behavioral tests to evaluate the depressive-like phenotype. The results showed that individually neither an energy-dense diet nor ethanol group induced a depressive-like phenotype, but the association of both induced this phenotype in young mice. Oxidative stress was characterized by the increase of malondialdehyde, the decrease in the superoxide dismutase activity, and non-protein sulfhydryl levels in the cerebral cortex of depressive-like mice. Depressive-like mice showed an increase in the protein levels of opioid receptors and depletion in those of glucocorticoid. (m-CF3-PhSe)2 abolished depressive-like phenotype and oxidative stress as well as modulated the levels of glucocorticoid and opioid receptors. In conclusion, the modulation of opioid and glucocorticoid receptors and the antioxidant property contributed to the (m-CF3-PhSe)2 antidepressant-like effect in young mice exposed to an energy-dense diet and ethanol intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Grendene Müller
- Laboratory of Synthesis, Reactivity, Pharmacological and Toxicological Evaluation of Organochalcogen Compounds, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center of Natural and Exact Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Natália Silva Jardim
- Laboratory of Synthesis, Reactivity, Pharmacological and Toxicological Evaluation of Organochalcogen Compounds, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center of Natural and Exact Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Milene Arrial Trindade
- Laboratory of Synthesis, Reactivity, Pharmacological and Toxicological Evaluation of Organochalcogen Compounds, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center of Natural and Exact Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Cristina Wayne Nogueira
- Laboratory of Synthesis, Reactivity, Pharmacological and Toxicological Evaluation of Organochalcogen Compounds, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center of Natural and Exact Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil.
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12
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Buyco DG, Martin J, Jeon S, Hooks R, Lin C, Carr R. Experimental models of metabolic and alcoholic fatty liver disease. World J Gastroenterol 2021; 27:1-18. [PMID: 33505147 PMCID: PMC7789066 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v27.i1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a multi-systemic disease that is considered the hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome (MetS). Because alcohol consumption in NAFLD patients is common, there is a significant overlap in the pathogenesis of NAFLD and alcoholic liver disease (ALD). Indeed, MetS also significantly contributes to liver injury in ALD patients. This “syndrome of metabolic and alcoholic steatohepatitis” (SMASH) is thus expected to be a more prevalent presentation in liver patients, as the obesity epidemic continues. Several pre-clinical experimental models that couple alcohol consumption with NAFLD-inducing diet or genetic obesity have been developed to better understand the pathogenic mechanisms of SMASH. These models indicate that concomitant MetS and alcohol contribute to lipid dysregulation, oxidative stress, and the induction of innate immune response. There are significant limitations in the applicability of these models to human disease, such as the ability to induce advanced liver injury or replicate patterns in human food/alcohol consumption. Thus, there remains a need to develop models that accurately replicate patterns of obesogenic diet and alcohol consumption in SMASH patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delfin Gerard Buyco
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Jasmin Martin
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Sookyoung Jeon
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Royce Hooks
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Chelsea Lin
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Rotonya Carr
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
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Osna NA, Ganesan M, Seth D, Wyatt TA, Kidambi S, Kharbanda KK. Second hits exacerbate alcohol-related organ damage: an update. Alcohol Alcohol 2021; 56:8-16. [PMID: 32869059 PMCID: PMC7768623 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agaa085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic and excessive alcohol abuse cause direct and indirect detrimental effects on a wide range of body organs and systems and accounts for ~4% of deaths worldwide. Many factors influence the harmful effects of alcohol. This concise review presents newer insights into the role of select second hits in influencing the progression of alcohol-induced organ damage by synergistically acting to generate a more dramatic downstream biological defect. This review specifically addresses on how a lifestyle factor of high fat intake exacerbates alcoholic liver injury and its progression. This review also provides the mechanistic insights into how increasing matrix stiffness during liver injury promotes alcohol-induced fibrogenesis. It also discusses how hepatotropic viral (HCV, HBV) infections as well as HIV (which is traditionally not known to be hepatotropic), are potentiated by alcohol exposure to promote hepatotoxicity and fibrosis progression. Finally, this review highlights the impact of reactive aldehydes generated during alcohol and cigarette smoke coexposure impair innate antimicrobial defense and increased susceptibility to infections. This review was inspired by the symposium held at the 17th Congress of the European Society for Biomedical research on Alcoholism in Lille, France entitled 'Second hits in alcohol-related organ damage'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia A Osna
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, Nebraska 68105, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, USA
| | - Murali Ganesan
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, Nebraska 68105, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, USA
| | - Devanshi Seth
- Drug Health Services, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Missenden Road, Camperdown, New South Wales 2050, Australia
- Centenary Institute of Cancer Medicine and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Todd A Wyatt
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, Nebraska 68105, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, USA
- Department of Environmental, Agricultural and Occupational Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, USA
| | - Srivatsan Kidambi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, USA
| | - Kusum K Kharbanda
- Corresponding author: Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Research Service (151), 4101 Woolworth Avenue, Omaha, Nebraska 68105. USA. Tel.: +1-402-995-3752; Fax: +1-402-995-4600; E-mail:
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14
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Hwang S, Ren T, Gao B. Obesity and binge alcohol intake are deadly combination to induce steatohepatitis: A model of high-fat diet and binge ethanol intake. Clin Mol Hepatol 2020; 26:586-594. [PMID: 32937687 PMCID: PMC7641546 DOI: 10.3350/cmh.2020.0100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and binge drinking often coexist and work synergistically to promote steatohepatitis; however, the underlying mechanisms remain obscure. In this mini-review, we briefly summarize clinical evidence of the synergistical effect of obesity and heavy drinking on steatohepatitis and discuss the underlying mechanisms obtained from the study of several mouse models. High-fat diet (HFD) feeding and binge ethanol synergistically induced steatohepatitis and fibrosis in mice with significant intrahepatic neutrophil infiltration; such HFD-plus-ethanol treatment markedly up-regulated the hepatic expression of many chemokines with the highest fold (approximately 30-fold) induction of chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 (Cxcl1), which contributes to hepatic neutrophil infiltration and liver injury. Furthermore, HFD feeding activated peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma that subsequently inhibited CXCL1 upregulation in hepatocytes, thereby forming a negative feedback loop to prevent neutrophil overaction; whereas binge ethanol blocked this loop and then exacerbated CXCL1 elevation, neutrophil infiltration, and liver injury. Interestingly, inflamed mouse hepatocytes attracted neutrophils less effectively than inflamed human hepatocytes due to the lower induction of CXCL1 and the lack of the interleukin (IL)-8 gene in the mouse genome, which may be one of the reasons for difficulty in development of mouse models of alcoholic steatohepatitis and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Hepatic overexpression of Cxcl1 and/or IL-8 promoted steatosis-to-NASH progression in HFD-fed mice by inducing neutrophil infiltration, oxidative stress, hepatocyte death, fibrosis, and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase activation. Collectively, obesity and binge drinking synergistically promote steatohepatitis via the induction of CXCL1 and subsequent hepatic neutrophil infiltration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seonghwan Hwang
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Tianyi Ren
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Bin Gao
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Takahashi Y, Watabe S, Togashi-Kumagai A, Watanabe M, Dungubat E, Kusano H, Kobayashi Y, Harada N, Yamaji R, Sugimoto K, Fukusato T. Effects of low ethanol consumption on nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in mice. Alcohol 2020; 87:51-61. [PMID: 32553943 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2020.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Several recent clinical and epidemiological studies have suggested inhibitory effects of light-to-moderate alcohol consumption on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)/nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH); however, these effects have not been confirmed in experimental studies. Therefore, in this study, we examined the effects of small amounts of ethanol consumption on a mouse model of NASH. Nine-week-old male obese mice (db/db mice) were divided into the following groups: control, high-fat, and low-ethanol groups. The control group was provided ad libitum access to a control liquid diet, the high-fat group was provided access to a high-fat liquid diet, and the low-ethanol group was provided access to the high-fat liquid diet supplemented with 0.1% (w/w) ethanol. Eight weeks later, the mice were sacrificed and serum biochemical, histopathological, and molecular analyses were performed. Serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels were significantly lower in the low-ethanol group than in the high-fat group (p = 0.033 and 0.037, respectively). Liver histopathological analysis showed that intralobular and portal inflammation was significantly milder in the low-ethanol group than in the high-fat group (p = 0.018 and 0.041, respectively). However, no significant differences were observed among the groups in serum insulin and adiponectin levels, hepatic 4-hydroxynonenal (oxidative injury marker) levels, and hepatic cytokine and receptor gene expression levels. In conclusion, the serum transaminase levels and hepatic inflammation in NASH model mice improved after administration of small amounts of ethanol. This study directly demonstrated inhibitory effects of small amounts of ethanol on NASH in mice. The mechanisms underlying these inhibitory effects remain to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihisa Takahashi
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, 4-3 Kouzunomori, Narita, Chiba, 286-8686, Japan.
| | - Shiori Watabe
- Department of Pathology, Teikyo University School of Medicine, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8605, Japan
| | - Arisa Togashi-Kumagai
- Department of Pathology, Teikyo University School of Medicine, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8605, Japan
| | - Masato Watanabe
- Department of Pathology, Teikyo University School of Medicine, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8605, Japan
| | - Erdenetsogt Dungubat
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, 4-3 Kouzunomori, Narita, Chiba, 286-8686, Japan; Department of Pathology, School of Biomedicine, (University Hospital), Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, S. Zorig's Street 3, Sukhbaatar District, 14210, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Hiroyuki Kusano
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, 4-3 Kouzunomori, Narita, Chiba, 286-8686, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Kobayashi
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8531, Japan
| | - Naoki Harada
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8531, Japan
| | - Ryoichi Yamaji
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8531, Japan
| | - Keiichiro Sugimoto
- Research and Development Center, Nagaoka Co. Ltd., 1-3-30 Itsukaichi, Ibaraki, Osaka, 567-0005, Japan
| | - Toshio Fukusato
- General Medical Education and Research Center, Teikyo University, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8605, Japan
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16
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Pandey SN, Kwatra M, Dwivedi DK, Choubey P, Lahkar M, Jangra A. 7,8-Dihydroxyflavone alleviated the high-fat diet and alcohol-induced memory impairment: behavioral, biochemical and molecular evidence. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2020; 237:1827-1840. [PMID: 32206827 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-020-05502-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Alcoholism and obesity impart a deleterious impact on human health and affects the quality of life. Chronic consumption of alcohol and western diet has been reported to cause memory deficits. 7,8-dihydroxyflavone (7,8-DHF), a TrkB agonist, comprises antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties in treating various neurological disorders. OBJECTIVES The current study was aimed to determine the protective effect and molecular mechanism of 7,8-DHF against alcohol and high-fat diet (HFD)-induced memory deficits in rats. METHODS The adult male Wistar rats were given alcohol (3-15%) and HFD ad libitum for 12 weeks in different experimental groups. 7,8-DHF (5 mg/kg) was intraperitoneally injected daily for the last 4 weeks (9th-12th week). RESULTS The alcohol and HFD administration caused cognitive impairment as evaluated through the Morris water maze (MWM) test in alcohol, HFD, and alcohol + HFD-fed animals. The last 4-week treatment of 7,8-DHF (5 mg/kg; i.p.) attenuated alcohol and HFD-induced memory loss. 7,8-DHF treatment also restored the glutathione (GSH) level along with attenuation of nitrite, malondialdehyde content (markers of oxidative and nitrosative stress), and reduction of the acetylcholinesterase activity in the hippocampus of alcohol and HFD-fed animals. Furthermore, the administration of 7,8-DHF caused downregulation of NF-κB, iNOS, and caspase-3 and upregulation of Nrf2, HO-1, and BDNF mRNA level in rat hippocampus. CONCLUSION 7,8-DHF administration conferred beneficial effects against alcohol and HFD-induced memory deficit via its unique antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic potential, along with the activation of TrkB/BDNF signaling pathway in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surya Narayan Pandey
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Mohit Kwatra
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Durgesh Kumar Dwivedi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Priyansha Choubey
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Mangala Lahkar
- Department of Pharmacology, Gauhati Medical College, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Ashok Jangra
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, Assam, India. .,Department of Pharmacology, KIET School of Pharmacy, KIET Group of Institutions, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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17
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Daniels SJ, Leeming DJ, Detlefsen S, Bruun MF, Hjuler ST, Henriksen K, Hein P, Krag A, Karsdal MA, Nielsen MJ, Brockbank S, Cruwys S. Addition of trans fat and alcohol has divergent effects on atherogenic diet-induced liver injury in rodent models of steatohepatitis. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2020; 318:G410-G418. [PMID: 31905026 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00066.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and alcoholic liver disease (ALD) are common causes of chronic liver disease. The overlap between ALD and NAFLD suggests the existence of metabolic steatohepatitis. Development of in vivo models that reflect various aspects of human steatohepatitis is essential for drug discovery. We aimed to characterize several models of steatohepatitis (SH) and to investigate whether the pathology could be modulated. Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 9 wk, followed by either a high-fat, high-cholesterol and cholate diet (HFC) or a HFC diet containing 13% trans fat (HFC-TF). A subset received 15% ethanol-water twice a week for 12 wk. Serum triglycerides, cholesterol, LDL, HDL, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and rodent NH2-terminal propeptide of type III collagen (rPRO-C3) were assessed. The liver was weighed and evaluated using modified Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis Clinical Research Network histological score system criteria. All diets induced hepatomegaly, but only HFC-TF increased the size of visceral adipose tissue. Trans fat augmented HFC-induced dyslipidemia, and cholesterol was higher and HDL was lower in the HFC-TF groups. Alcohol lowered triglycerides in both dietary groups. HFC elevated ALT and AST, which were lowered by trans fat. All diets induced histological SH, addition of trans fat induced more steatosis but less inflammation. Inclusion of alcohol augmented the HFC-induced inflammation. All diets induced mild fibrosis. Inclusion of trans fat and alcohol significantly increased rPRO-C3. The addition of trans fat reduced the HFC-induced inflammation but augmented steatosis and dyslipidemia. Inclusion of alcohol induced a more inflammatory and fibrogenic phenotype.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Alcoholic liver disease and nonalcoholic liver disease share significant overlap, which suggests the existence of metabolic steatohepatitis. Trans fat has been implicated in steatohepatitis development. Here, we show that the addition of trans fat to an atherogenic diet results in a more steatotic but less inflammatory phenotype, whereas the addition of alcohol to an atherogenic diet augments the inflammatory and fibrogenic properties of the diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel J Daniels
- Nordic Bioscience Biomarkers and Research, Herlev, Denmark.,Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | | | - Sönke Detlefsen
- Department of Pathology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Maria F Bruun
- Department of Pathology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Sara T Hjuler
- Nordic Bioscience Biomarkers and Research, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Kim Henriksen
- Nordic Bioscience Biomarkers and Research, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Peter Hein
- Innovative Medicines Unit, Grünenthal, Aachen, Germany
| | - Aleksander Krag
- Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | | | | | | | - Simon Cruwys
- Innovative Medicines Unit, Grünenthal, Aachen, Germany
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18
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Åberg F, Färkkilä M, Männistö V. Interaction Between Alcohol Use and Metabolic Risk Factors for Liver Disease: A Critical Review of Epidemiological Studies. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2020; 44:384-403. [DOI: 10.1111/acer.14271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fredrik Åberg
- From the Transplantation and Liver Surgery Clinic (FA) Helsinki University Hospital Helsinki University Helsinki Finland
- The Transplant Institute (FA) Sahlgrenska University Hospital Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Martti Färkkilä
- Clinic of Gastroenterology (MF) Helsinki University Hospital Helsinki University Helsinki Finland
| | - Ville Männistö
- Department of Medicine (VM) Kuopio University Hospital University of Eastern Finland Kuopio Finland
- Department of Experimental Vascular Medicine (VM) Amsterdam UMC Location AMC at University of Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands
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Kumar D, Dwivedi DK, Lahkar M, Jangra A. Hepatoprotective potential of 7,8-Dihydroxyflavone against alcohol and high-fat diet induced liver toxicity via attenuation of oxido-nitrosative stress and NF-κB activation. Pharmacol Rep 2019; 71:1235-1243. [PMID: 31670060 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2019.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Revised: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fatty liver diseases are the most common and major health concern arises from the modern lifestyle and alcohol (ethanol) abuse. The prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases (NAFLD) has been observed prominently in obese and diabetic individuals, while alcoholic liver disease is common in alcoholic persons. Fatty liver disease, such as steatohepatitis, leads to fibrosis, cirrhosis and eventually hepatocellular carcinoma. The present study was designed to investigate the effect of 7,8-Dihydroxyflavone (7,8-DHF) against high-fat diet (HFD) and ethanol (EtOH)-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. METHODS Male Wistar rats (150-200 g) were fed HFD (58% calories from fat) and EtOH (3-15% in drinking water) for 12 weeks. 7,8-DHF was administered intraperitoneally at the dose of 5 mg/kg/day for the last four weeks. After 12 weeks, biochemical, ELISA, RT-PCR, and histological studies have been carried out. RESULTS Biochemical analyses revealed the involvement of oxidative stress and inflammation in the liver of HFD and EtOH-fed rats. 7,8-DHF treatment significantly reduced HFD and EtOH-induced oxidative stress as evidenced by the reduction of lipid peroxidation and augmentation of reduced glutathione level. Moreover, IL-1β level was found significantly reduced in 7,8-DHF treated EtOH, HFD and EtOH+HFD groups. The semi-quantitative RT-PCR results indicated down-regulation of Nrf-2 and HO-1 and up-regulation of NF-κB and iNOS mRNA expression level in the liver of HFD and EtOH-fed rats, which was ameliorated by 7,8-DHF treatment. CONCLUSION The present study suggested that 7,8-DHF could be an effective pharmacological intervention in combating HFD and EtOH-induced hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Durgesh Kumar Dwivedi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Mangala Lahkar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, Assam, India; Department of Pharmacology, Gauhati Medical College, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Ashok Jangra
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, Assam, India; Department of Pharmacology, KIET School of Pharmacy, Krishna Group of Institutions, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Srinivasan MP, Shawky NM, Kaphalia BS, Thangaraju M, Segar L. Alcohol-induced ketonemia is associated with lowering of blood glucose, downregulation of gluconeogenic genes, and depletion of hepatic glycogen in type 2 diabetic db/db mice. Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 160:46-61. [PMID: 30529690 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Alcoholic ketoacidosis and diabetic ketoacidosis are life-threatening complications that share the characteristic features of high anion gap metabolic acidosis. Ketoacidosis is attributed in part to the massive release of ketone bodies (e.g., β-hydroxybutyrate; βOHB) from the liver into the systemic circulation. To date, the impact of ethanol consumption on systemic ketone concentration, glycemic control, and hepatic gluconeogenesis and glycogenesis remains largely unknown, especially in the context of type 2 diabetes. In the present study, ethanol intake (36% ethanol- and 36% fat-derived calories) by type 2 diabetic db/db mice for 9 days resulted in significant decreases in weight gain (∼19.5% ↓) and caloric intake (∼30% ↓). This was accompanied by a transition from macrovesicular-to-microvesicular hepatic steatosis with a modest increase in hepatic TG (∼37% ↑). Importantly, ethanol increased systemic βOHB concentration (∼8-fold ↑) with significant decreases in blood glucose (∼4-fold ↓) and plasma insulin and HOMA-IR index (∼3-fold ↓). In addition, ethanol enhanced hepatic βOHB content (∼5-fold ↑) and hmgcs2 mRNA expression (∼3.7-fold ↑), downregulated key gluconeogenic mRNAs (e.g., Pcx, Pck1, and G6pc), and depleted hepatic glycogen (∼4-fold ↓). Furthermore, ethanol intake led to significant decreases in the mRNA/protein expression and allosteric activation of glycogen synthase (GS) in liver tissues regardless of changes in the phosphorylation of GS, GSK-3β, or Akt. Together, our findings suggest that ethanol-induced ketonemia may occur in concomitance with significant lowering of blood glucose concentration, which may be attributed to suppression of gluconeogenesis in the setting of glycogen depletion in type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukund P Srinivasan
- Center for Pharmacy and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Georgia College of Pharmacy, Augusta, GA, USA; Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, USA; Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Noha M Shawky
- Center for Pharmacy and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Georgia College of Pharmacy, Augusta, GA, USA; Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Bhupendra S Kaphalia
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Muthusamy Thangaraju
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Lakshman Segar
- Center for Pharmacy and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Georgia College of Pharmacy, Augusta, GA, USA; Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, USA; Vascular Biology Center, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA; Department of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA.
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21
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Dwivedi DK, Kumar D, Kwatra M, Pandey SN, Choubey P, Lahkar M, Jangra A. Voluntary alcohol consumption exacerbated high fat diet-induced cognitive deficits by NF-κB-calpain dependent apoptotic cell death in rat hippocampus: Ameliorative effect of melatonin. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 108:1393-1403. [PMID: 30372842 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.09.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 09/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Modern sedentary lifestyle with altered dietary habits imposes the risk of human health towards several metabolic disorders such as obesity. The metabolic insults negatively affect the mental health status and quality life of affected individuals. Melatonin is a potent antioxidant with anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties. The aim of the present study was to investigate the protective effect of melatonin on the cognitive and neurochemical deficits induced by the high-fat diet (HFD) and alcohol (ALC) alone or in combination (HFD + ALC) in rats. Male Wistar rats were given ALC (3-15% i.e. increased gradually) and HFD for 12 weeks in different experimental groups. After 12 weeks, we found that simultaneous consumption of HFD and ALC exacerbates cognitive dysfunction and neurochemical anomalies. However, melatonin (10 mg/kg/day, i.p.) treatment for four weeks significantly prevented memory deficits, oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in HFD, ALC and HFD + ALC groups. RT-PCR analysis showed down-regulation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf-2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in ALC and HFD + ALC groups. Moreover, caspase-3 and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) mRNA expression level were found up-regulated in hippocampus of HFD, ALC and HFD + ALC groups. However, calpain expression was found up-regulated only in the hippocampus of HFD + ALC group. Chronic treatment with melatonin significantly restored the aberrant gene expression level in HFD, ALC and HFD + ALC group. In conclusion, our findings indicated that melatonin can mitigate the HFD and ALC-induced cognitive deficits via attenuation of oxidative stress and calpain-1 dependent as well as independent caspase-3 mediated neuronal cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Durgesh Kumar Dwivedi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Mohit Kwatra
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Surya Narayan Pandey
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Priyansha Choubey
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Mangala Lahkar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, Assam, India; Department of Pharmacology, Gauhati Medical College, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Ashok Jangra
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, Assam, India; Department of Pharmacology, KIET School of Pharmacy, Krishna Institute of Engineering and Technology, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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22
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Sun F, Zhuang Z, Zhang D, Chen Y, Liu S, Gao N, Shi J, Wang B. Chronic moderate alcohol consumption relieves high-fat high-cholesterol diet-induced liver fibrosis in a rat model. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2018; 45:1046-1055. [PMID: 29851129 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is a worldwide health issue and chronic alcohol consumption may have different effects on this disease. This study explored the role of chronic moderate alcohol consumption on high-fat high-cholesterol (HFHC) diet-induced liver fibrosis in a rodent model. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into five groups: standard chow group, standard chow plus Er Guo Tou (EGT, a Chinese spirit made from fermented cereals) group, HFHC group, HFHC plus EGT group, and HFHC plus pure ethanol (EtOH) group. Rats were fed standard chow or HFHC chow for 12 weeks. EGT or pure ethanol was administrated at a daily dose of 4 g/kg body weight via intra-gastric gavage from week 4. At the end of week 12, hematoxylin and eosin staining, Sirius red and immunohistochemistry of liver sections were examined. The hepatic expression of F4/80, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, CXCL1, CXCL2, α-SMA, Collagen, TGF-β, MMP2, MMP9, and TIMP1 was calculated. Both moderate EGT and pure ethanol did not increase plasma endotoxin in the portal vein comparing with the FHFC group. EGT and pure ethanol did not improve hepatic inflammation, but ameliorated liver fibrosis in histology. Moderate EGT and pure ethanol ameliorated HFHC diet-induced activation of Kupffer cells and hepatic stellate cells. In conclusion, chronic moderate EGT and pure ethanol could ameliorate HFHC diet-induced liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Furong Sun
- Department of Elderly Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhenjie Zhuang
- Centre of Translational Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dai Zhang
- Department of Elderly Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yushuai Chen
- Department of Elderly Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shu Liu
- Department of Elderly Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Nan Gao
- Department of Elderly Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Junping Shi
- Centre of Translational Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bingyuan Wang
- Department of Elderly Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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23
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Imran M, Sergent O, Tête A, Gallais I, Chevanne M, Lagadic-Gossmann D, Podechard N. Membrane Remodeling as a Key Player of the Hepatotoxicity Induced by Co-Exposure to Benzo[a]pyrene and Ethanol of Obese Zebrafish Larvae. Biomolecules 2018; 8:biom8020026. [PMID: 29757947 PMCID: PMC6023014 DOI: 10.3390/biom8020026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The rise in prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) constitutes an important public health concern worldwide. Including obesity, numerous risk factors of NAFLD such as benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) and ethanol have been identified as modifying the physicochemical properties of the plasma membrane in vitro thus causing membrane remodeling—changes in membrane fluidity and lipid-raft characteristics. In this study, the possible involvement of membrane remodeling in the in vivo progression of steatosis to a steatohepatitis-like state upon co-exposure to B[a]P and ethanol was tested in obese zebrafish larvae. Larvae bearing steatosis as the result of a high-fat diet were exposed to ethanol and/or B[a]P for seven days at low concentrations coherent with human exposure in order to elicit hepatotoxicity. In this condition, the toxicant co-exposure raised global membrane order with higher lipid-raft clustering in the plasma membrane of liver cells, as evaluated by staining with the fluoroprobe di-4-ANEPPDHQ. Involvement of this membrane’s remodeling was finally explored by using the lipid-raft disruptor pravastatin that counteracted the effects of toxicant co-exposure both on membrane remodeling and toxicity. Overall, it can be concluded that B[a]P/ethanol co-exposure can induce in vivo hepatotoxicity via membrane remodeling which could be considered as a good target mechanism for developing combination therapy to deal with steatohepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Imran
- Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail)-UMR_S 1085, University of Rennes, F-35000 Rennes, France.
| | - Odile Sergent
- Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail)-UMR_S 1085, University of Rennes, F-35000 Rennes, France.
| | - Arnaud Tête
- Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail)-UMR_S 1085, University of Rennes, F-35000 Rennes, France.
| | - Isabelle Gallais
- Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail)-UMR_S 1085, University of Rennes, F-35000 Rennes, France.
| | - Martine Chevanne
- Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail)-UMR_S 1085, University of Rennes, F-35000 Rennes, France.
| | - Dominique Lagadic-Gossmann
- Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail)-UMR_S 1085, University of Rennes, F-35000 Rennes, France.
| | - Normand Podechard
- Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail)-UMR_S 1085, University of Rennes, F-35000 Rennes, France.
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24
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Santos JDB, Mendonça AAS, Sousa RC, Silva TGS, Bigonha SM, Santos EC, Gonçalves RV, Novaes RD. Food-drug interaction: Anabolic steroids aggravate hepatic lipotoxicity and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease induced by trans fatty acids. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 116:360-368. [PMID: 29704577 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.04.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Remains unknown if dietary lipids and anabolic steroids (AS) can interact to modify energy metabolism, hepatic structure and function. We investigated the impact of AS on gene expression, lipid profile, redox status and the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in mice treated with a diet rich in trans fatty acids. Seventy-two C57BL/6 mice were equally randomized into six groups and treated with a standard diet (SD) or high-fat diet (HFD) alone or combined with testosterone cypionate (10 or 20 mg/kg) for 12 weeks. When combined with a HFD, AS reduced plasma HDL cholesterol levels. It also upregulated SREBP-1, PPARα, SCD-1 and ACOX1 gene expression; plasma and hepatic triglyceride levels; oxidative stress; circulating hepatic transaminase levels and NAFLD severity. Our finding indicated that the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as catalase, glutathione-s-transferase and superoxide dismutase was attenuated by HFD, an effect whose implications for AS-induced hepatotoxicity requires further investigation. Increased lipid, protein and DNA oxidative damage as well as worsening NAFLD in response to the interaction of HFD and AS were also potentially associated with the ability of AS to amplify the activation of regulatory lipid metabolism genes that are also involved in the control of cellular redox balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamili D B Santos
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Structural Biology, Federal University of Alfenas, 37130-000, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Andréa A S Mendonça
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Structural Biology, Federal University of Alfenas, 37130-000, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rafaela C Sousa
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Structural Biology, Federal University of Alfenas, 37130-000, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Thaiany G S Silva
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Structural Biology, Federal University of Alfenas, 37130-000, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Solange M Bigonha
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Federal University of Viçosa, 36570-000, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Eliziária C Santos
- School of Medicine, Federal University of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys, 39100-000, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Reggiani V Gonçalves
- Department of Animal Biology, Federal University of Viçosa, 36570-000, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rômulo D Novaes
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Structural Biology, Federal University of Alfenas, 37130-000, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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25
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Boyle M, Masson S, Anstee QM. The bidirectional impacts of alcohol consumption and the metabolic syndrome: Cofactors for progressive fatty liver disease. J Hepatol 2018; 68:251-267. [PMID: 29113910 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2017.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Current medical practice artificially dichotomises a diagnosis of fatty liver disease into one of two common forms: alcoholic liver disease (ALD) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Together, these account for the majority of chronic liver diseases worldwide. In recent years, there has been a dramatic increase in the prevalence of obesity and metabolic syndrome within the general population. These factors now coexist with alcohol consumption in a substantial proportion of the population. Each exposure sensitises the liver to the injurious effects of the other; an interaction that drives and potentially accelerates the genesis of liver disease. We review the epidemiological evidence and scientific literature that considers how alcohol consumption interacts with components of the metabolic syndrome to exert synergistic or supra-additive effects on the development and progression of liver disease, before discussing how these interactions may be addressed in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Boyle
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Liver Unit, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Trust, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Steven Masson
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Liver Unit, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Trust, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Quentin M Anstee
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Liver Unit, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Trust, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.
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26
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Chronic Ethanol Consumption and Generation of Etheno-DNA Adducts in Cancer-Prone Tissues. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1032:81-92. [PMID: 30362092 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-98788-0_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chronic ethanol consumption is a risk factor for several human cancers. A variety of mechanisms may contribute to this carcinogenic effect of alcohol including oxidative stress with the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), formed via inflammatory pathways or as byproducts of ethanol oxidation through cytochrome P4502E1 (CYP2E1). ROS may lead to lipidperoxidation (LPO) resulting in LPO-products such as 4-hydoxynonenal (4-HNE) or malondialdehyde. These compounds can react with DNA bases forming mutagenic and carcinogenic etheno-DNA adducts. Etheno-DNA adducts are generated in the liver (HepG2) cells over-expressing CYP2E1 when incubated with ethanol;and are inhibited by chlormethiazole. In liver biopsies etheno-DNA adducts correlated significantly with CYP2E1. Such a correlation was also found in the esophageal- and colorectal mucosa of alcoholics. Etheno-DNA adducts also increased in liver biopsies from patients with non alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). In various animal models with fatty liver either induced by high fat diets or genetically modified such as in the obese Zucker rat, CYP2E1 is induced and paralleled by high levels of etheno DNA-adducts which may be modified by additional alcohol administration. As elevation of adduct levels in NASH children were already detected at a young age, these lesions may contribute to hepatocellular cancer development later in life. Together these data strongly implicate CYP2E1 as an important mediator for etheno-DNA adduct formation, and this detrimental DNA damage may act as a driving force for malignant disease progression.
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27
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Arguin G, Bourzac JF, Placet M, Molle CM, Paquette M, Beaudoin JF, Rousseau JA, Lecomte R, Plourde M, Gendron FP. The loss of P2X7 receptor expression leads to increase intestinal glucose transit and hepatic steatosis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12917. [PMID: 29018292 PMCID: PMC5635021 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13300-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In intestinal epithelial cells (IEC), it was reported that the activation of the P2X7 receptor leads to the internalization of the glucose transporter GLUT2, which is accompanied by a reduction of IEC capacity to transport glucose. In this study, we used P2rx7 -/- mice to decipher P2X7 functions in intestinal glucose transport and to evaluate the impacts on metabolism. Immunohistochemistry analyses revealed the presence of GLUT2 at the apical domain of P2rx7 -/- jejunum enterocytes. Positron emission tomography and biodistribution studies demonstrated that glucose was more efficiently delivered to the circulation of knockout animals. These findings correlated with increase blood glucose, insulin, triglycerides and cholesterol levels. In fact, P2rx7 -/- mice had increased serum triglyceride and cholesterol levels and displayed glucose intolerance and resistance to insulin. Finally, P2rx7 -/- mice developed a hepatic steatosis characterized by a reduction of Acaca, Acacb, Fasn and Acox1 mRNA expression, as well as for ACC and FAS protein expression. Our study suggests that P2X7 could play a central role in metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Arguin
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Pavillon de Recherche Appliquée sur le Cancer, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Jean-François Bourzac
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Pavillon de Recherche Appliquée sur le Cancer, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Morgane Placet
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Pavillon de Recherche Appliquée sur le Cancer, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Caroline M Molle
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Pavillon de Recherche Appliquée sur le Cancer, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Michel Paquette
- Sherbrooke Molecular Imaging Centre of CRCHUS and Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Jean-François Beaudoin
- Sherbrooke Molecular Imaging Centre of CRCHUS and Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Jacques A Rousseau
- Sherbrooke Molecular Imaging Centre of CRCHUS and Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Roger Lecomte
- Sherbrooke Molecular Imaging Centre of CRCHUS and Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Mélanie Plourde
- Department of Medicine, Research Center on Aging, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Fernand-Pierre Gendron
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Pavillon de Recherche Appliquée sur le Cancer, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.
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28
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Wang X, Gao Y, Song J, Tang C, Wang M, Que L, Liu L, Zhu G, Chen Q, Yao Y, Xu Y, Li J, Li Y. The TIR/BB-loop mimetic AS-1 prevents non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and hepatic insulin resistance by inhibiting NLRP3-ASC inflammasome activation. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 174:1841-1856. [PMID: 28306139 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Revised: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is characterized by excessive intracellular lipid accumulation, inflammation and hepatic insulin resistance. As the incidence of NASH is increasing worldwide, there is an urgent need to find novel interventional approaches. The pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β, generated and released from Kupffer cells, is considered to initiate the development of NASH. AS-1, a synthetic low-molecule mimetic of myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MyD88), disrupts the interaction between the IL-1 receptor and MyD88. Here, we investigated whether AS-1 could attenuate the pathogenesis of NASH with an emphasis on hepatic insulin resistance. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Eight-week-old db/db mice were fed a control diet or a methionine- and choline-deficient (MCD) diet. AS-1 (50 mg·kg-1 ) or vehicle was administered i.p. KEY RESULTS AS-1 administration significantly ameliorated NASH as evidenced by alanine aminotransferase levels and CD68 levels in livers of MCD-fed mice. AS-1 inhibited the MCD diet-induced activation of caspase 1 and the NLRP3-ASC inflammasome, and also reduced the enhanced levels of ROS, malondialdehyde, 3-nitrotyrosine, NADPH oxidase complex and CYP reductase-associated cytochrome p450 2E1 (CYP2E1) expression in the liver. In addition, AS-1 decreased ROS, inflammasome activation and IL-1β production in free fatty acid-LPS-treated Kupffer cells. Finally, pretreatment with AS-1 significantly ameliorated gluconeogenesis and insulin desensitization induced by IL-1β, probably by blocking the interaction between MyD88 and the IL-1 receptor. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Our results indicate that AS-1 can ameliorate NASH and hepatic insulin resistance and could be considered as a potential strategy for the prevention and treatment of NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yun Gao
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,The Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, The First People's Hospital of Kunshan, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Juan Song
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chao Tang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Man Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Linli Que
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guoqing Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yong Yao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiantao Li
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuehua Li
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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29
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Lin YL, Tai SY, Chen JW, Chou CH, Fu SG, Chen YC. Ameliorative effects of pepsin-digested chicken liver hydrolysates on development of alcoholic fatty livers in mice. Food Funct 2017; 8:1763-1774. [DOI: 10.1039/c7fo00123a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
With developments in economics and increasing work loads, alcohol abuse becomes more and more severe, leading to occurrences of alcoholic liver disease (ALD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ling Lin
- Department of Animal Science and Technology
- National Taiwan University
- Taipei City 106
- Taiwan
| | - Szu-Yun Tai
- Department of Animal Science and Technology
- National Taiwan University
- Taipei City 106
- Taiwan
| | - Jr-Wei Chen
- Department of Animal Science and Technology
- National Taiwan University
- Taipei City 106
- Taiwan
- Poultry Industry Section
| | - Chung-Hsi Chou
- School of Veterinary Medicine
- National Taiwan University
- Taipei City 106
- Taiwan
- Zoonoses Research Center
| | - Shih-Guei Fu
- Department of Applied Life Science and Health
- Chia Nan University of Pharmacy & Science
- Tainan 717
- Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chen Chen
- Department of Animal Science and Technology
- National Taiwan University
- Taipei City 106
- Taiwan
- Zoonoses Research Center
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Buzzetti E, Pinzani M, Tsochatzis EA. The multiple-hit pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Metabolism 2016; 65:1038-48. [PMID: 26823198 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2015.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1725] [Impact Index Per Article: 215.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Revised: 11/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is increasingly prevalent and represents a growing challenge in terms of prevention and treatment. Despite its high prevalence, only a small minority of affected patients develops inflammation and subsequently fibrosis and chronic liver disease, while most of them only exhibit simple steatosis. In this context, the full understanding of the mechanisms underlying the development of NAFLD and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is of extreme importance; despite advances in this field, knowledge on the pathogenesis of NAFLD is still incomplete. The 'two-hit' hypothesis is now obsolete, as it is inadequate to explain the several molecular and metabolic changes that take place in NAFLD. The "multiple hit" hypothesis considers multiple insults acting together on genetically predisposed subjects to induce NAFLD and provides a more accurate explanation of NAFLD pathogenesis. Such hits include insulin resistance, hormones secreted from the adipose tissue, nutritional factors, gut microbiota and genetic and epigenetic factors. In this article, we review the factors that form this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Buzzetti
- UCL Institute for Liver and Digestive Health and Sheila Sherlock Liver Unit, Royal Free Hospital and UCL, London, UK
| | - Massimo Pinzani
- UCL Institute for Liver and Digestive Health and Sheila Sherlock Liver Unit, Royal Free Hospital and UCL, London, UK
| | - Emmanuel A Tsochatzis
- UCL Institute for Liver and Digestive Health and Sheila Sherlock Liver Unit, Royal Free Hospital and UCL, London, UK.
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Zhang F, Jiang WW, Li X, Qiu XY, Wu Z, Chi YJ, Cong X, Liu YL. Role of intrahepatic B cells in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease by secreting pro-inflammatory cytokines and regulating intrahepatic T cells. J Dig Dis 2016; 17:464-74. [PMID: 27216040 DOI: 10.1111/1751-2980.12362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2016] [Revised: 05/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the alterations and functions of intrahepatic B (IHB) cells in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) model induced by high-fat diet (HFD). METHODS C57BL/6 J mice were fed with HFD for 16 weeks to induce NAFLD. Flow cytometry was used to analyze lymphocytes from liver, spleen and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunofluorescence stain were applied to investigate cytokine expression in the intrahepatic lymphocytes and IHB cells. CD4(+) intrahepatic T (IHT) cells and IHB cells were enriched by a magnetic-activated cell sorting method and cultured in vitro. The cytokines and immunoglobulin (Ig) levels in the plasma, cultural supernatants and liver homogenates were monitored with cytometric bead arrays or multiplex immunoassays. RESULTS The percentage of IHB cells in CD45(+) cells was significantly higher in the NAFLD group than in the control group (P < 0.05). IHB cells expressed higher levels of interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in the NAFLD group, and produced higher levels of IL-6 and TNF-α under the stimulation of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) than the control group. IgG2a levels were higher in the plasma, liver homogenates and the culture supernatants of IHB cells after stimulated by LPS and anti-CD40/IgM in the NAFLD group than in the control group. Moreover, IHB cells enhanced the activation of CD4(+) IHT cells and promoted the differentiation into T helper (Th) 1 cells in the NAFLD group. CONCLUSION IHB cells might be involved in NAFLD both by inducing the secretion of IL-6, TNF-α and IgG2a and by enhancing the activation of CD4(+) IHT cells and their differentiation into Th1 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Wei Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xia Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Yun Qiu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhe Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Jing Chi
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Cong
- Peking University Hepatology Institute, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Lan Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.
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Zhang W, Sun Q, Zhong W, Sun X, Zhou Z. Hepatic Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Signaling Contributes to Alcohol-Induced Hepatic Steatosis and Inflammation in Mice. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2016; 40:988-99. [PMID: 27062444 DOI: 10.1111/acer.13049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) signaling has been shown to regulate lipogenesis and lipid accumulation. Previous studies have shown that hepatic PPARγ is up-regulated in steatotic liver of both animal and human. However, the effects of hepatic PPARγ signaling on alcoholic liver disease (ALD) remain elusive. METHODS To determine the role of hepatic PPARγ signaling on ALD, wild-type (WT) and hepatocyte-specific PPARγ knockdown (PPARγ∆Hep) mice were fed a modified Lieber-DeCarli alcohol or isocaloric maltose dextrin control liquid diet for 8 weeks to induce ALD. Blood parameters, hepatic steatosis, and inflammation were measured after 8-week alcohol feeding. RESULTS Alcohol feeding to WT mice resulted in liver damage (alanine aminotransferase [ALT], 94.68 ± 17.05 U/L; aspartate aminotransferase [AST], 55.87 ± 11.29 U/L), which was significantly alleviated by hepatic PPARγ knockdown (ALT, 57.36 ± 14.98 U/L; AST, 38.06 ± 3.35 U/L). Alcohol feeding led to marked lipid accumulation and up-regulation of lipogenic genes including fatty acid transport protein 1 (FATP1), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), fatty acid synthase (FASN), lipin1 (LIPIN1), diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1), and diacylglycerol acyltransferase 2 (DGAT2) in the livers of WT mice. Knockdown of hepatic PPARγ significantly alleviated alcohol-induced lipid accumulation and abolished the up-regulation of FASN, DGAT1, and DGAT2. Silencing of PPARγ in FL83B cells significantly decreased ethanol (EtOH)-, linoleic acid-, and EtOH plus linoleic acid-induced lipid accumulation. Knockdown of hepatic PPARγ also significantly reduced alcohol-induced inflammatory chemokine (monocyte chemotactic protein 1 [MCP1], keratinocyte-derived chemokine [KC], interferon gamma-induced protein 10 [IP-10]) and inflammatory infiltration (lymphocyte antigen 6 complex, locus G [Ly6G], and F4/80). CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that hepatic PPARγ signaling contributes to alcohol-induced liver injury by promoting hepatic steatosis and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenliang Zhang
- Center for Translational Biomedical Research, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, North Carolina
| | - Qian Sun
- Center for Translational Biomedical Research, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, North Carolina.,Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, North Carolina
| | - Wei Zhong
- Center for Translational Biomedical Research, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, North Carolina
| | - Xinguo Sun
- Center for Translational Biomedical Research, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, North Carolina
| | - Zhanxiang Zhou
- Center for Translational Biomedical Research, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, North Carolina.,Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, North Carolina
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