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Woronkowicz M, Roberts H, Skopiński P. The Role of Insulin-like Growth Factor (IGF) System in the Corneal Epithelium Homeostasis-From Limbal Epithelial Stem Cells to Therapeutic Applications. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:144. [PMID: 38534414 DOI: 10.3390/biology13030144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
The corneal epithelium, comprising three layers of cells, represents the outermost portion of the eye and functions as a vital protective barrier while concurrently serving as a critical refractive structure. Maintaining its homeostasis involves a complex regenerative process facilitated by the functions of the lacrimal gland, tear film, and corneal nerves. Crucially, limbal epithelial stem cells located in the limbus (transitional zone between the cornea and the conjunctiva) are instrumental for the corneal epithelium integrity by replenishing and renewing cells. Re-epithelialization failure results in persistent defects, often associated with various ocular conditions including diabetic keratopathy. The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system is a sophisticated network of insulin and other proteins essential for numerous physiological processes. This review examines its role in maintaining the corneal epithelium homeostasis, with a special focus on the interplay with corneal limbal stem cells and the potential therapeutic applications of the system components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Woronkowicz
- NDDH, Royal Devon University Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, Barnstaple EX31 4JB, UK
- Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, 162 City Road, London EC1V 2PD, UK
| | - Harry Roberts
- West of England Eye Unit, Royal Devon University Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK
- University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter EX1 2HZ, UK
| | - Piotr Skopiński
- Department of Ophthalmology, SPKSO Ophthalmic University Hospital, Medical University of Warsaw, 00-576 Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-004 Warsaw, Poland
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Golán-Cancela I, Caja L. The TGF-β Family in Glioblastoma. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1067. [PMID: 38256140 PMCID: PMC10816220 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Members of the transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) family have been implicated in the biology of several cancers. In this review, we focus on the role of TGFβ and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling in glioblastoma. Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common malignant brain tumor in adults; it presents at a median age of 64 years, but can occur at any age, including childhood. Unfortunately, there is no cure, and even patients undergoing current treatments (surgical resection, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy) have a median survival of 15 months. There is a great need to identify new therapeutic targets to improve the treatment of GBM patients. TGF-βs signaling promotes tumorigenesis in glioblastoma, while BMPs suppress tumorigenic potential by inducing tumor cell differentiation. In this review, we discuss the actions of TGF-βs and BMPs on cancer cells as well as in the tumor microenvironment, and their use in potential therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laia Caja
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, SE-75123 Uppsala, Sweden;
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3
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Li Y, Liu Z, Han X, Liang F, Zhang Q, Huang X, Shi X, Huo H, Han M, Liu X, Zhu H, He L, Shen L, Hu X, Wang J, Wang QD, Smart N, Zhou B, He B. Dynamics of Endothelial Cell Generation and Turnover in Arteries During Homeostasis and Diseases. Circulation 2024; 149:135-154. [PMID: 38084582 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.123.064301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endothelial cell (EC) generation and turnover by self-proliferation contributes to vascular repair and regeneration. The ability to accurately measure the dynamics of EC generation would advance our understanding of cellular mechanisms of vascular homeostasis and diseases. However, it is currently challenging to evaluate the dynamics of EC generation in large vessels such as arteries because of their infrequent proliferation. METHODS By using dual recombination systems based on Cre-loxP and Dre-rox, we developed a genetic system for temporally seamless recording of EC proliferation in vivo. We combined genetic recording of EC proliferation with single-cell RNA sequencing and gene knockout to uncover cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying EC generation in arteries during homeostasis and disease. RESULTS Genetic proliferation tracing reveals that ≈3% of aortic ECs undergo proliferation per month in adult mice during homeostasis. The orientation of aortic EC division is generally parallel to blood flow in the aorta, which is regulated by the mechanosensing protein Piezo1. Single-cell RNA sequencing analysis reveals 4 heterogeneous aortic EC subpopulations with distinct proliferative activity. EC cluster 1 exhibits transit-amplifying cell features with preferential proliferative capacity and enriched expression of stem cell markers such as Sca1 and Sox18. EC proliferation increases in hypertension but decreases in type 2 diabetes, coinciding with changes in the extent of EC cluster 1 proliferation. Combined gene knockout and proliferation tracing reveals that Hippo/vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 signaling pathways regulate EC proliferation in large vessels. CONCLUSIONS Genetic proliferation tracing quantitatively delineates the dynamics of EC generation and turnover, as well as EC division orientation, in large vessels during homeostasis and disease. An EC subpopulation in the aorta exhibits more robust cell proliferation during homeostasis and type 2 diabetes, identifying it as a potential therapeutic target for vascular repair and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Li
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, China (Y.L., X. Han, F.L., X.S., H.H., L.S., B.Z., B.H.)
- New Cornerstone Investigator Institute, State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (Y.L., Z.L., X. Han, X. Huang, M.H., X.L., H.Z., B.Z.)
| | - Zixin Liu
- New Cornerstone Investigator Institute, State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (Y.L., Z.L., X. Han, X. Huang, M.H., X.L., H.Z., B.Z.)
| | - Ximeng Han
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, China (Y.L., X. Han, F.L., X.S., H.H., L.S., B.Z., B.H.)
- New Cornerstone Investigator Institute, State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (Y.L., Z.L., X. Han, X. Huang, M.H., X.L., H.Z., B.Z.)
| | - Feng Liang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, China (Y.L., X. Han, F.L., X.S., H.H., L.S., B.Z., B.H.)
| | - Qianyu Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, China (Q.Z., M.H., B.Z.)
| | - Xiuzhen Huang
- New Cornerstone Investigator Institute, State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (Y.L., Z.L., X. Han, X. Huang, M.H., X.L., H.Z., B.Z.)
| | - Xin Shi
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, China (Y.L., X. Han, F.L., X.S., H.H., L.S., B.Z., B.H.)
| | - Huanhuan Huo
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, China (Y.L., X. Han, F.L., X.S., H.H., L.S., B.Z., B.H.)
| | - Maoying Han
- New Cornerstone Investigator Institute, State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (Y.L., Z.L., X. Han, X. Huang, M.H., X.L., H.Z., B.Z.)
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, China (Q.Z., M.H., B.Z.)
| | - Xiuxiu Liu
- New Cornerstone Investigator Institute, State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (Y.L., Z.L., X. Han, X. Huang, M.H., X.L., H.Z., B.Z.)
| | - Huan Zhu
- New Cornerstone Investigator Institute, State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (Y.L., Z.L., X. Han, X. Huang, M.H., X.L., H.Z., B.Z.)
| | - Lingjuan He
- School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (L.H.)
| | - Linghong Shen
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, China (Y.L., X. Han, F.L., X.S., H.H., L.S., B.Z., B.H.)
| | - Xinyang Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China (X.H., J.W.)
| | - Jian'an Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China (X.H., J.W.)
| | - Qing-Dong Wang
- Bioscience Cardiovascular, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden (Q.D.W.)
| | - Nicola Smart
- Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, UK (N.S.)
| | - Bin Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, China (Y.L., X. Han, F.L., X.S., H.H., L.S., B.Z., B.H.)
- New Cornerstone Investigator Institute, State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (Y.L., Z.L., X. Han, X. Huang, M.H., X.L., H.Z., B.Z.)
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, China (Q.Z., M.H., B.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Systems Health Science of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China (B.Z.)
| | - Ben He
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, China (Y.L., X. Han, F.L., X.S., H.H., L.S., B.Z., B.H.)
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Li Y, Fu L, Wu B, Guo X, Shi Y, Lv C, Yu Y, Zhang Y, Liang Z, Zhong C, Han S, Xu F, Tian Y. Angiogenesis modulated by CD93 and its natural ligands IGFBP7 and MMRN2: a new target to facilitate solid tumor therapy by vasculature normalization. Cancer Cell Int 2023; 23:189. [PMID: 37660019 PMCID: PMC10474740 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-023-03044-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumor vasculature was different from the normal vasculature in both function and morphology, which caused hypoxia in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Previous anti-angiogenesis therapy had led to a modest improvement in cancer immunotherapy. However, antiangiogenic therapy only benefitted a few patients and caused many side effects. Therefore, there was still a need to develop a new approach to affect tumor vasculature formation. The CD93 receptor expressed on the surface of vascular endothelial cells (ECs) and its natural ligands, MMRN2 and IGFBP7, were now considered potential targets in the antiangiogenic treatment because recent studies had reported that anti-CD93 could normalize the tumor vasculature without impacting normal blood vessels. Here, we reviewed recent studies on the role of CD93, IGFBP7, and MMRN2 in angiogenesis. We focused on revealing the interaction between IGFBP7-CD93 and MMRN2-CD93 and the signaling cascaded impacted by CD93, IGFBP7, and MMRN2 during the angiogenesis process. We also reviewed retrospective studies on CD93, IGFBP7, and MMRN2 expression and their relationship with clinical factors. In conclusion, CD93 was a promising target for normalizing the tumor vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No.36.Sanhao stress, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Lei Fu
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No.36.Sanhao stress, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Baokang Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No.36.Sanhao stress, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xingqi Guo
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No.36.Sanhao stress, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yu Shi
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No.36.Sanhao stress, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Chao Lv
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No.36.Sanhao stress, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yizhou Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No.36.Sanhao stress, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Zhiyun Liang
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No.36.Sanhao stress, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Chongli Zhong
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No.36.Sanhao stress, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Shukun Han
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No.36.Sanhao stress, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Feng Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No.36.Sanhao stress, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yu Tian
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No.36.Sanhao stress, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning Province, China.
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Wang H, Wang X, Xu L, Zhang J. Co-amplified with PDGFRA, IGFBP7 is a prognostic biomarker correlated with the immune infiltrations of glioma. Cancer Med 2023; 12:4951-4967. [PMID: 36043552 PMCID: PMC9972101 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.5187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A subgroup of glioma carry genetic 4q12 amplification including platelet derived growth factor receptor α (PDGFRA) and insulin like growth factor binding protein 7 (IGFBP7). However, the prognosis of PDGFRA and IGFBP7 in glioma is unclear. METHODS The prognosis of PDGFRA and IGFBP7 was determined using cox regression and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. Pathways associated with IGFBP7 were analyzed through gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). Immune profiling of glioma was determined using "ESTIMATE" and "TIMER" database. RESULTS PDGFRA amplification or expression was not correlated with the outcomes of glioblastoma (GBM). IGFBP7 but not PDGFRA was over-expressed in GBM. IGFBP7 over-expression was correlated with the unfavorable outcomes of GBM. In lower grade glioma (LGG), PDGFRA over-expression was not correlated with the unfavorable prognosis of LGG, while, IGFBP7 was a prognostic biomarker of LGG. LGG patients with IGFBP7 lower expressions had prolonged clinical overall survival. Combination of IDH mutation, LGG grade and IGFBP7 achieved even better prognostic effects in LGG. Moreover, IGFBP7 was over-expressed in glioma patients with wild type IDH or with high grades. IGFBP7 over-expression was correlated with the unfavorable outcomes of glioma. Furthermore, IGFBP7 was hypo-methylated in GBM or LGG patients without IDH mutations. IGFBP7 hyper-methylation was correlated with the lower overall survival of GBM or LGG. LGG patients with wild type IDH and with IGFBP7 hypo-methylation demonstrated even worse prognosis. IGFBP7 was associated with multiple immune-related signaling pathways in GBM or LGG. The stromal score, immune score and the infiltrations of immune cells were also correlated with IGFBP7 and the prognosis of LGG. CONCLUSIONS IGFBP7 but not PDGFRA served an ideal prognostic marker and therapeutic target of glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiwei Wang
- Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xinrui Wang
- Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Liangpu Xu
- Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ji Zhang
- Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Ma K, Chen S, Chen X, Zhao X, Yang J. CD93 is Associated with Glioma-related Malignant Processes and Immunosuppressive Cell Infiltration as an Inspiring Biomarker of Survivance. J Mol Neurosci 2022; 72:2106-2124. [PMID: 36006582 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-022-02060-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Previous reports have confirmed the significance of CD93 in the progression of multiple tumors; however, there are few studies examining its immune properties for gliomas. Here, we methodically investigated the pathophysiological characteristics and clinical manifestations of gliomas. Six hundred ninety-nine glioma patients in TCGA along with 325 glioma patients in CGGA were correspondingly collected for training and validating. We analyzed and visualized total statistics using RStudio. One-way ANOVA and Student's t-test were used to assess groups' differences. All differences were considered statistically significant at the level of P < 0.05. CD93 markedly upregulated among HGG, MGMT promoter unmethylated subforms, IDH wild forms, 1p19q non-codeletion subforms, and mesenchyme type gliomas. ROC analysis illustrated the favorable applicability of CD93 in estimating mesenchyme subform. Kaplan-Meier curves together with multivariable Cox analyses upon survivance identified high-expression CD93 as a distinct prognostic variable for glioma patients. GO analysis of CD93 documented its predominant part in glioma-related immunobiological processes and inflammation responses. We examined the associations of CD93 with immune-related meta-genes, and CD93 positively correlated with HCK, LCK, MHC I, MHC II, STAT1 and IFN, while adverse with IgG. Association analyses between CD93 and gliomas-infiltrating immunocytes indicated that the infiltrating degrees of most immunocytes exhibited positive correlations with CD93, particularly these immunosuppressive subsets such as TAM, Treg, and MDSCs. CD93 is markedly associated with adverse pathology types, unfavorable survival, and immunosuppressive immunocytes infiltration among gliomas, thus identifying CD93 as a practicable marker and a promising target for glioma-based precise diagnosis and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiming Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Haidian District, 49 North Garden Rd, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Suhua Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Haidian District, 49 North Garden Rd, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Haidian District, 49 North Garden Rd, Beijing, 100191, China.,Center for Precision Neurosurgery and Oncology of Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaofang Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Haidian District, 49 North Garden Rd, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Haidian District, 49 North Garden Rd, Beijing, 100191, China. .,Center for Precision Neurosurgery and Oncology of Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.
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Cardiac fibroblasts regulate the development of heart failure via Htra3-TGF-β-IGFBP7 axis. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3275. [PMID: 35672400 PMCID: PMC9174232 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30630-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue fibrosis and organ dysfunction are hallmarks of age-related diseases including heart failure, but it remains elusive whether there is a common pathway to induce both events. Through single-cell RNA-seq, spatial transcriptomics, and genetic perturbation, we elucidate that high-temperature requirement A serine peptidase 3 (Htra3) is a critical regulator of cardiac fibrosis and heart failure by maintaining the identity of quiescent cardiac fibroblasts through degrading transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β). Pressure overload downregulates expression of Htra3 in cardiac fibroblasts and activated TGF-β signaling, which induces not only cardiac fibrosis but also heart failure through DNA damage accumulation and secretory phenotype induction in failing cardiomyocytes. Overexpression of Htra3 in the heart inhibits TGF-β signaling and ameliorates cardiac dysfunction after pressure overload. Htra3-regulated induction of spatio-temporal cardiac fibrosis and cardiomyocyte secretory phenotype are observed specifically in infarct regions after myocardial infarction. Integrative analyses of single-cardiomyocyte transcriptome and plasma proteome in human reveal that IGFBP7, which is a cytokine downstream of TGF-β and secreted from failing cardiomyocytes, is the most predictable marker of advanced heart failure. These findings highlight the roles of cardiac fibroblasts in regulating cardiomyocyte homeostasis and cardiac fibrosis through the Htra3-TGF-β-IGFBP7 pathway, which would be a therapeutic target for heart failure. Cardiac fibrosis is a hallmark of heart failure. Here the authors use single-cell RNA-sequencing, spatial transcriptomics, and genetic manipulations, to show that Htra3 regulates cardiac fibrosis by keeping fibroblasts quiescent and by degrading TGF-beta.
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Association of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-7 promoter methylation with esophageal cancer in peripheral blood. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:3423-3431. [PMID: 35076852 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07173-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling pathway has an important role in many cancers, including esophageal cancer (EC). IGF-binding protein 7 (IGFBP7) is one of the proteins in this signaling pathway, and its role in cancer has not yet been fully clarified. In the present study, we evaluated the clinical relevance of IGFBP7 methylation status and mRNA expression in EC patients compared to healthy controls. We also investigated whether IGFBP7 methylation status affects mRNA expression. METHODS The study comprised 100 EC patients and 105 healthy controls. Methylation specific PCR (MSP) was used to examine IGFBP7's promoter methylation and real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to assess IGFBP7 mRNA expression. RESULTS The IGFBP7 promoter methylation was significantly higher in controls than in EC patients (p < 0.05). IGFBP7 mRNA expression was significantly lower in EC patients compared to controls, especially in those over 55 years old (p < 0.0001). The globulin level and reflux were significantly higher in IGFBP7-unmethylated patients compared to IGFBP7 methylated patients (p = 0.01). In EC patients, however, there was no significant relationship between IGFBP7 mRNA expression and methylation in the peripheral blood (p = 0.33). In addition, neither IGFBP7 mRNA expression nor methylation were shown to be linked with survival (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION Our study indicated that promoter unmethylation and mRNA expression of the IGFBP7 promoter in peripheral blood could be different biomarkers for EC. Furthermore, unmethylation of the IGFBP7 promoter in EC patients was associated with reflux and elevated globulin levels. More studies with a larger number of cases is needed to confirm this association.
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Liu Z, Ji H, Fu W, Ma S, Zhao H, Wang F, Dong J, Yan X, Zhang J, Wang N, Wu J, Hu S. IGFBPs were associated with stemness, inflammation, extracellular matrix remodeling and poor prognosis of low-grade glioma. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:943300. [PMID: 35992105 PMCID: PMC9381844 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.943300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The IGFBP family of insulin-like growth factor binding proteins has important biological functions in the organism. However, the role of the IGFBP family in low-grade glioma (LGG) has not been fully explored. METHODS We validated the clinical value of the IGFBP family using RNA-seq and clinical data of LGG in the TCGA and constructed an IGFBPScore using LASSO-regression analysis for prognosis prediction, subtype determination, and treatment sensitivity determination. Subsequently, we explored the role of the IGFBP family in the development of LGG using PanCanAtlas data. RESULTS Our results suggest that most IGFBP family members were aberrantly expressed and were strongly associated with poor prognosis in LGG. By constructing an IGFBPScore representing the IGFBP family, we found that tumor samples with a high IGFBPScore had a glioblastoma-like mutation pattern characterized by IDH1wt, EGFRmut, PTENmut, and NF1mut with hypo-methylation and glioma stem cell (GSC) diversity. In contrast, the low IGFBPScore group was characterized by IDH1mut accompanied by TP53mut, CICmut, and ATRXmut, and had hyper-methylation status as well as the GSC restriction. Additionally, the high-IGFBPScore group had a high inflammation phenotype with increased immune antigenicity and increased infiltration of immune molecules and cells, as well as a high extracellular matrix phenotype and enhanced multiple metabolic pathways compared with the immune-quiet phenotype of the low-IGFBPScore group, which was strongly associated with poor prognosis. CONCLUSION Our study provides a summary analysis and a theoretical basis for the biological role and clinical value of the IGFBP family in LGG, providing an important therapeutic target for LGG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cancer Center, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital Affiliated to Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Hang Ji
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, China
- *Correspondence: Hang Ji, ; Jiasheng Wu, ; Shaoshan Hu,
| | - Wenchao Fu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Shuai Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Hongtao Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cancer Center, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital Affiliated to Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cancer Center, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital Affiliated to Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jiawei Dong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cancer Center, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital Affiliated to Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiuwei Yan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cancer Center, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital Affiliated to Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jiheng Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cancer Center, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital Affiliated to Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Nan Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cancer Center, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital Affiliated to Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jiasheng Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- *Correspondence: Hang Ji, ; Jiasheng Wu, ; Shaoshan Hu,
| | - Shaoshan Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cancer Center, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital Affiliated to Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- *Correspondence: Hang Ji, ; Jiasheng Wu, ; Shaoshan Hu,
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10
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Jiang Z, Chen C, Yang S, He H, Zhu X, Liang M. Contribution to the peripheral vasculopathy and endothelial cell dysfunction by CXCL4 in Systemic Sclerosis. J Dermatol Sci 2021; 104:63-73. [PMID: 34556381 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2021.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CXCL4, a chemokine with anti-angiogenic property, is involved in systemic sclerosis (SSc) related pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). OBJECTIVE To investigated the contribution of CXCL4 to SSc development by focusing on the correlation of circulatory CXCL4 levels with their peripheral vasculopathy, and the effect of CXCL4 on endothelial cell dysfunction and the potential signaling. METHODS We measured the plasma CXCL4 levels in 58 patients with SSc, 10 patients with the very early diagnosis of SSc (VEDOSS), and 80 healthy controls (HCs). Then, CXCL4 concentrations were correlated with clinical features, especially the peripheral vasculopathy. These observations were further validated in an additional cohort. Moreover, we studied the anti-angiogenic effects of CXCL4 and the underlying downstream signaling in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in vitro. RESULTS Circulating CXCL4 levels were 103.62 % higher in patients with SSc and 201.51 % higher in patients with VEDOSS than matched HCs, which were confirmed in two independent cohorts. CXCL4 levels were associated with digital ulcers (DU) and nailfold videocapillaroscopy (NVC) abnormalities in SSc. The proliferation, migration, and tube formation of HUVECs were inhibited by CXCL4 or SSc derived plasma, which reversed by CXCL4 neutralizing antibody, but failed by CXCR3 inhibitor. CXCL4 downregulated the transcription factor Friend leukaemia integration factor-1 (Fli-1) via c-Abl signaling. Furthermore, CXCL4 blocked the transforming growth factor (TGF) -β or platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) induced cell proliferation of HUVECs. CONCLUSIONS CXCL4 may contribute to peripheral vasculopathy in SSc by downregulating Fli-1 via c-Abl signaling in endothelial cells and interfering angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixing Jiang
- Division of Rheumatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Institute of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Division of Rheumatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Institute of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sen Yang
- Division of Rheumatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Institute of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hang He
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Pancreatic Disease Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xiaoxia Zhu
- Division of Rheumatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Institute of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Minrui Liang
- Division of Rheumatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Institute of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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11
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Sabbadini F, Bertolini M, De Matteis S, Mangiameli D, Contarelli S, Pietrobono S, Melisi D. The Multifaceted Role of TGF-β in Gastrointestinal Tumors. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13163960. [PMID: 34439114 PMCID: PMC8391793 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13163960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The transforming growth factor β signaling pathway elicits a broad range of physiological re-sponses, and its misregulation has been related to cancer. The secreted cytokine TGFβ exerts a tumor-suppressive effect that counteracts malignant transformation. However, once tumor has developed, TGFβ can support tumor progression regulating epithelial to mesenchymal transition, invasion and metastasis, stimulating fibrosis, angiogenesis and immune suppression. Here we review the dichotomous role of TGF-β in the progression of gastrointestinal tumors, as well as its intricate crosstalk with other signaling pathways. We also discuss about the therapeutic strate-gies that are currently explored in clinical trials to counteract TGF-β functions. Abstract Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) is a secreted cytokine that signals via serine/threonine kinase receptors and SMAD effectors. Although TGF-β acts as a tumor suppressor during the early stages of tumorigenesis, it supports tumor progression in advanced stages. Indeed, TGF-β can modulate the tumor microenvironment by modifying the extracellular matrix and by sustaining a paracrine interaction between neighboring cells. Due to its critical role in cancer development and progression, a wide range of molecules targeting the TGF-β signaling pathway are currently under active clinical development in different diseases. Here, we focused on the role of TGF-β in modulating different pathological processes with a particular emphasis on gastrointestinal tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Sabbadini
- Digestive Molecular Clinical Oncology Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (F.S.); (M.B.); (S.D.M.); (D.M.); (S.C.); (S.P.)
| | - Monica Bertolini
- Digestive Molecular Clinical Oncology Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (F.S.); (M.B.); (S.D.M.); (D.M.); (S.C.); (S.P.)
| | - Serena De Matteis
- Digestive Molecular Clinical Oncology Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (F.S.); (M.B.); (S.D.M.); (D.M.); (S.C.); (S.P.)
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, AlmaMater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Domenico Mangiameli
- Digestive Molecular Clinical Oncology Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (F.S.); (M.B.); (S.D.M.); (D.M.); (S.C.); (S.P.)
| | - Serena Contarelli
- Digestive Molecular Clinical Oncology Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (F.S.); (M.B.); (S.D.M.); (D.M.); (S.C.); (S.P.)
| | - Silvia Pietrobono
- Digestive Molecular Clinical Oncology Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (F.S.); (M.B.); (S.D.M.); (D.M.); (S.C.); (S.P.)
| | - Davide Melisi
- Digestive Molecular Clinical Oncology Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (F.S.); (M.B.); (S.D.M.); (D.M.); (S.C.); (S.P.)
- Experimental Cancer Medicine Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata di Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
- Correspondence:
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12
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Maugeri G, D’Amico AG, Saccone S, Federico C, Rasà DM, Caltabiano R, Broggi G, Giunta S, Musumeci G, D’Agata V. Effect of PACAP on Hypoxia-Induced Angiogenesis and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Glioblastoma. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9080965. [PMID: 34440169 PMCID: PMC8392618 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9080965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) exerts different effects in various human cancer. In glioblastoma (GBM), PACAP has been shown to interfere with the hypoxic micro-environment through the modulation of hypoxia-inducible factors via PI3K/AKT and MAPK/ERK pathways inhibition. Considering that hypoxic tumor micro-environment is strictly linked to angiogenesis and Epithelial–Mesenchymal transition (EMT), in the present study, we have investigated the ability of PACAP to regulate these events. Results have demonstrated that PACAP and its related receptor, PAC1R, are expressed in hypoxic area of human GBM colocalizing either in epithelial or mesenchymal cells. By using an in vitro model of GBM cells, we have observed that PACAP interferes with hypoxic/angiogenic pathway by reducing vascular-endothelial growth factor (VEGF) release and inhibiting formation of vessel-like structures in H5V endothelial cells cultured with GBM-conditioned medium. Moreover, PACAP treatment decreased the expression of mesenchymal markers such as vimentin, matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2) and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) as well as CD44 in GBM cells by affecting their invasiveness. In conclusion, our study provides new insights regarding the multimodal role of PACAP in GBM malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grazia Maugeri
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Anatomy, Histology and Movement Sciences, University of Catania, 95100 Catania, Italy; (G.M.); (D.M.R.); (S.G.); (G.M.)
| | | | - Salvatore Saccone
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Section of Animal Biology, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (S.S.); (C.F.)
| | - Concetta Federico
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Section of Animal Biology, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (S.S.); (C.F.)
| | - Daniela Maria Rasà
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Anatomy, Histology and Movement Sciences, University of Catania, 95100 Catania, Italy; (G.M.); (D.M.R.); (S.G.); (G.M.)
- Department of Neuroscience Rita Levi Montalcini, Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy
| | - Rosario Caltabiano
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “G.F. Ingrassia”, Anatomic Pathology, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (R.C.); (G.B.)
| | - Giuseppe Broggi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “G.F. Ingrassia”, Anatomic Pathology, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (R.C.); (G.B.)
| | - Salvatore Giunta
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Anatomy, Histology and Movement Sciences, University of Catania, 95100 Catania, Italy; (G.M.); (D.M.R.); (S.G.); (G.M.)
| | - Giuseppe Musumeci
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Anatomy, Histology and Movement Sciences, University of Catania, 95100 Catania, Italy; (G.M.); (D.M.R.); (S.G.); (G.M.)
| | - Velia D’Agata
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Anatomy, Histology and Movement Sciences, University of Catania, 95100 Catania, Italy; (G.M.); (D.M.R.); (S.G.); (G.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-095-3782147; Fax: +39-095-3782046
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13
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Sun Y, Chen W, Torphy RJ, Yao S, Zhu G, Lin R, Lugano R, Miller EN, Fujiwara Y, Bian L, Zheng L, Anand S, Gao F, Zhang W, Ferrara SE, Goodspeed AE, Dimberg A, Wang XJ, Edil BH, Barnett CC, Schulick RD, Chen L, Zhu Y. Blockade of the CD93 pathway normalizes tumor vasculature to facilitate drug delivery and immunotherapy. Sci Transl Med 2021; 13:eabc8922. [PMID: 34321321 PMCID: PMC8749958 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abc8922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The immature and dysfunctional vascular network within solid tumors poses a substantial obstacle to immunotherapy because it creates a hypoxic tumor microenvironment that actively limits immune cell infiltration. The molecular basis underpinning this vascular dysfunction is not fully understood. Using genome-scale receptor array technology, we showed here that insulin-like growth factor binding protein 7 (IGFBP7) interacts with its receptor CD93, and we subsequently demonstrated that this interaction contributes to abnormal tumor vasculature. Both CD93 and IGFBP7 were up-regulated in tumor-associated endothelial cells. IGFBP7 interacted with CD93 via a domain different from multimerin-2, the known ligand for CD93. In two mouse tumor models, blockade of the CD93/IGFBP7 interaction by monoclonal antibodies promoted vascular maturation to reduce leakage, leading to reduced tumor hypoxia and increased tumor perfusion. CD93 blockade in mice increased drug delivery, resulting in an improved antitumor response to gemcitabine or fluorouracil. Blockade of the CD93 pathway triggered a substantial increase in intratumoral effector T cells, thereby sensitizing mouse tumors to immune checkpoint therapy. Last, analysis of samples from patients with cancer under anti-programmed death 1/programmed death-ligand 1 treatment revealed that overexpression of the IGFBP7/CD93 pathway was associated with poor response to therapy. Thus, our study identified a molecular interaction involved in tumor vascular dysfunction and revealed an approach to promote a favorable tumor microenvironment for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Sun
- Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Cancer Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310012, P. R. China
| | - Robert J Torphy
- Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Sheng Yao
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Gefeng Zhu
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Ronggui Lin
- Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Roberta Lugano
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Emily N Miller
- Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Yuki Fujiwara
- Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Li Bian
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Linghua Zheng
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Sudarshan Anand
- Department of Cell, Development and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Fan Gao
- Caltech Bioinformatics Resource Center at Beckman Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Weizhou Zhang
- Department of Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Sarah E Ferrara
- University of Colorado Comprehensive Cancer Center, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Andrew E Goodspeed
- University of Colorado Comprehensive Cancer Center, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Anna Dimberg
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Xiao-Jing Wang
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, VA Eastern Colorado Health Care System, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Barish H Edil
- Department of Surgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Carlton C Barnett
- Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Richard D Schulick
- Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Lieping Chen
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
| | - Yuwen Zhu
- Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
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14
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Yogi A, Rukhlova M, Charlebois C, Tian G, Stanimirovic DB, Moreno MJ. Differentiation of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells into Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells for Tissue Engineering Applications. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9070797. [PMID: 34356861 PMCID: PMC8301460 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9070797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthetic grafts have been developed for vascular bypass surgery, however, the risks of thrombosis and neointimal hyperplasia still limit their use. Tissue engineering with the use of adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) has shown promise in addressing these limitations. Here we further characterized and optimized the ASC differentiation into smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) induced by TGF-β and BMP-4. TGF-β and BMP-4 induced a time-dependent expression of SMC markers in ASC. Shortening the differentiation period from 7 to 4 days did not impair the functional property of contraction in these cells. Stability of the process was demonstrated by switching cells to regular growth media for up to 14 days. The role of IGFBP7, a downstream effector of TGF-β, was also examined. Finally, topographic and surface patterning of a substrate is recognized as a powerful tool for regulating cell differentiation. Here we provide evidence that a non-woven PET structure does not affect the differentiation of ASC. Taken together, our results indicate that VSMCs differentiated from ASCs are a suitable candidate to populate a PET-based vascular scaffolds. By employing an autologous source of cells we provide a novel alternative to address major issues that reduces long-term patency of currently vascular grafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Yogi
- Human Health Therapeutics, National Research Council of Canada, 1200 Montreal Road, Ottawa, ON K1A0R6, Canada; (M.R.); (C.C.); (D.B.S.)
- Correspondence: (A.Y.); (M.J.M.); Tel.: +1-613-990-0891 (A.Y.); +1-613-990-0829 (M.J.M.)
| | - Marina Rukhlova
- Human Health Therapeutics, National Research Council of Canada, 1200 Montreal Road, Ottawa, ON K1A0R6, Canada; (M.R.); (C.C.); (D.B.S.)
| | - Claudie Charlebois
- Human Health Therapeutics, National Research Council of Canada, 1200 Montreal Road, Ottawa, ON K1A0R6, Canada; (M.R.); (C.C.); (D.B.S.)
| | - Ganghong Tian
- Medical Devices Research Centre, National Research Council of Canada, 435 Ellice Ave, Winnipeg, MB R3B 1Y6, Canada;
| | - Danica B. Stanimirovic
- Human Health Therapeutics, National Research Council of Canada, 1200 Montreal Road, Ottawa, ON K1A0R6, Canada; (M.R.); (C.C.); (D.B.S.)
| | - Maria J. Moreno
- Human Health Therapeutics, National Research Council of Canada, 1200 Montreal Road, Ottawa, ON K1A0R6, Canada; (M.R.); (C.C.); (D.B.S.)
- Correspondence: (A.Y.); (M.J.M.); Tel.: +1-613-990-0891 (A.Y.); +1-613-990-0829 (M.J.M.)
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15
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Prrx1 promotes stemness and angiogenesis via activating TGF-β/smad pathway and upregulating proangiogenic factors in glioma. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:615. [PMID: 34131109 PMCID: PMC8206106 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03882-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Glioma is one of the most lethal cancers with highly vascularized networks and growing evidences have identified glioma stem cells (GSCs) to account for excessive angiogenesis in glioma. Aberrant expression of paired-related homeobox1 (Prrx1) has been functionally associated with cancer stem cells including GSCs. In this study, Prrx1 was found to be markedly upregulated in glioma specimens and elevated Prrx1 expression was inversely correlated with prognosis of glioma patients. Prrx1 potentiated stemness acquisition in non-stem tumor cells (NSTCs) and stemness maintenance in GSCs, accompanied with increased expression of stemness markers such as SOX2. Prrx1 also promoted glioma angiogenesis by upregulating proangiogenic factors such as VEGF. Consistently, silencing Prrx1 markedly inhibited glioma proliferation, stemness, and angiogenesis in vivo. Using a combination of subcellular proteomics and in vitro analyses, we revealed that Prrx1 directly bound to the promoter regions of TGF-β1 gene, upregulated TGF-β1 expression, and ultimately activated the TGF-β/smad pathway. Silencing TGF-β1 mitigated the malignant behaviors induced by Prrx1. Activation of this pathway cooperates with Prrx1 to upregulate the expression of stemness-related genes and proangiogenic factors. In summary, our findings revealed that Prrx1/TGF-β/smad signal axis exerted a critical role in glioma stemness and angiogeneis. Disrupting the function of this signal axis might represent a new therapeutic strategy in glioma patients.
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16
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A cytokine in turmoil: Transforming growth factor beta in cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 139:111657. [PMID: 34243626 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer remains one of the debilitating health threats to mankind in view of its incurable nature. Many factors are complicit in the initiation, progression and establishment of cancers. Early detection of cancer is the only window of hope that allows for appreciable management and possible limited survival. However, understanding of cancer biology and knowledge of the key factors that interplay at multi-level in the initiation and progression of cancer may hold possible avenues for cancer treatment and management. In particular, dysregulation of growth factor signaling such as that of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) and its downstream mediators play key roles in various cancer subtypes. Expanded understanding of the context/cell type-dependent roles of TGF-β and its downstream signaling mediators in cancer may provide leads for cancer pharmacotherapy. Reliable information contained in original articles, reviews, mini-reviews and expert opinions on TGF-β, cancer and the specific roles of TGF-β signaling in various cancer subtypes were retrieved from major scientific data bases including PubMed, Scopus, Medline, Web of Science core collections just to mention but a sample by using the following search terms: TGF-β in cancer, TGF-β and colorectal cancer, TGF-β and brain cancer, TGF-β in cancer initiation, TGF-β and cell proliferation, TGF-β and cell invasion, and TGF-β-based cancer therapy. Retrieved information and reports were carefully examined, contextualized and synchronized into a coherent scientific content to highlight the multiple roles of TGF-β signaling in normal and cancerous cells. From a conceptual standpoint, development of pharmacologically active agents that exert non-specific inhibitory effects on TGF-β signaling on various cell types will undoubtedly lead to a plethora of serious side effects in view of the multi-functionality and pleiotropic nature of TGF-β. Such non-specific targeting of TGF-β could derail any beneficial therapeutic intention associated with TGF-β-based therapy. However, development of pharmacologically active agents designed specifically to target TGF-β signaling in cancer cells may improve cancer pharmacotherapy. Similarly, specific targeting of downstream mediators of TGF-β such as TGF-β type 1 and II receptors (TβRI and TβRII), receptor-mediated Smads, mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) and importing proteins in cancer cells may be crucial for cancer pharmacotherapy.
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17
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Jarabo P, de Pablo C, Herranz H, Martín FA, Casas-Tintó S. Insulin signaling mediates neurodegeneration in glioma. Life Sci Alliance 2021; 4:4/3/e202000693. [PMID: 33526430 PMCID: PMC7898663 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202000693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumoral cells secrete an antagonist that attenuates insulin signaling in neurons. It induces mitochondrial defects and synapse loss; restoring neuronal insulin activity rescues neurodegeneration. Cell to cell communication facilitates tissue development and physiology. Under pathological conditions, brain tumors disrupt glia-neuron communication signals that in consequence, promote tumor expansion at the expense of surrounding healthy tissue. The glioblastoma is one of the most aggressive and frequent primary brain tumors. This type of glioma expands and infiltrates into the brain, causing neuronal degeneration and neurological decay, among other symptoms. Here, we describe in a Drosophila model how glioblastoma cells produce ImpL2, an antagonist of the insulin pathway, which targets neighboring neurons and causes mitochondrial disruption as well as synapse loss, both early symptoms of neurodegeneration. Furthermore, glioblastoma progression requires insulin pathway attenuation in neurons. Restoration of neuronal insulin activity is sufficient to rescue synapse loss and to delay the premature death caused by glioma. Therefore, signals from glioblastoma to neuron emerge as a potential field of study to prevent neurodegeneration and to develop anti-tumoral strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Jarabo
- Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen de Pablo
- Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Sergio Casas-Tintó
- Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
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18
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Wang J, Deng X, Xie Y, Tang J, Zhou Z, Yang F, He Q, Cao Q, Zhang L, He L. An Integrated Transcriptome Analysis Reveals IGFBP7 Upregulation in Vasculature in Traumatic Brain Injury. Front Genet 2021; 11:599834. [PMID: 33505428 PMCID: PMC7831608 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.599834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Vasculature plays critical roles in the pathogenesis and neurological repair of traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, how vascular endothelial cells respond to TBI at the molecular level has not been systematically reviewed. Here, by integrating three transcriptome datasets including whole cortex of mouse brain, FACS-sorted mouse brain endothelial cells, and single cell sequencing of mouse brain hippocampus, we revealed the key molecular alteration of endothelial cells characterized by increased Myc targets and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition signatures. In addition, immunofluorescence staining of patients’ samples confirmed that IGFBP7 was up-regulated in vasculature in response to TBI. TGFβ1, mainly derived from microglia and endothelial cells, sufficiently induces IGFBP7 expression in cultured endothelial cells, and is significantly upregulated in response to TBI. Our results identified IGFBP7 as a potential biomarker of vasculature in response to TBI, and indicate that TGFβ signaling may contribute to the upregulation of IGFBP7 in the vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Post-Neuroinjury Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiangyi Deng
- Key Laboratory of Post-Neuroinjury Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuan Xie
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Medicinal Plant Resource and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Developing of Endangered Chinese Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiefu Tang
- Trauma Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, China
| | - Ziwei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Post-Neuroinjury Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Post-Neuroinjury Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin, China
| | - Qiyuan He
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Medicinal Plant Resource and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Developing of Endangered Chinese Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qingze Cao
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Medicinal Plant Resource and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Developing of Endangered Chinese Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Medicinal Plant Resource and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Developing of Endangered Chinese Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China.,Precision Medicine Center, The Second People's Hospital of Huaihua, Huaihua, China
| | - Liqun He
- Key Laboratory of Post-Neuroinjury Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin, China.,Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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19
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Multifunctional TaCu-nanotubes coated titanium for enhanced bacteriostatic, angiogenic and osteogenic properties. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 120:111777. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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20
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Gao Y, Zhu J, Lu H. Single domain antibody-based vectors in the delivery of biologics across the blood-brain barrier: a review. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2020; 11:1818-1828. [PMID: 33155179 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-020-00873-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Biologics are a promising and effective method for the treatment of central nervous system (CNS) diseases. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a natural barrier for the delivery of biologics into the brain, which decreases the effective concentration of drugs in the CNS. A range of strategies has been explored to transport biologics across the BBB endothelium, typically via receptor-mediated transcytosis (RMT), which involving molecules for endogenous BBB receptors to be fused with biologics. This review emphasized a category of novel alternative RMT-targeting vectors: single domain antibodies (sdAb). SdAbs are a unique category of antibodies derived from naturally occurring heavy-chain-only antibodies. Herein, we describe their properties, mechanisms, modifications, and translational perspectives for their ability to transmigrate across the BBB in vitro and in vivo in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Gao
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Jianwei Zhu
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Huili Lu
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China.
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21
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Birch JL, Coull BJ, Spender LC, Watt C, Willison A, Syed N, Chalmers AJ, Hossain-Ibrahim MK, Inman GJ. Multifaceted transforming growth factor-beta (TGFβ) signalling in glioblastoma. Cell Signal 2020; 72:109638. [PMID: 32320860 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive and devastating primary brain cancer which responds very poorly to treatment. The average survival time of patients is only 14-15 months from diagnosis so there is a clear and unmet need for the development of novel targeted therapies to improve patient outcomes. The multifunctional cytokine TGFβ plays fundamental roles in development, adult tissue homeostasis, tissue wound repair and immune responses. Dysfunction of TGFβ signalling has been implicated in both the development and progression of many tumour types including GBM, thereby potentially providing an actionable target for its treatment. This review will examine TGFβ signalling mechanisms and their role in the development and progression of GBM. The targeting of TGFβ signalling using a variety of approaches including the TGFβ binding protein Decorin will be highlighted as attractive therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Barry J Coull
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Lindsay C Spender
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Courtney Watt
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Alice Willison
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Nelofer Syed
- The John Fulcher Molecular Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - M Kismet Hossain-Ibrahim
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK; Department of Neurosurgery, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, NHS Tayside, Dundee, UK
| | - Gareth J Inman
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK; Division of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK; Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
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22
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Das A, Henderson FC, Alshareef M, Porto GBF, Kanginakudru I, Infinger LK, Vandergrift WA, Lindhorst SM, Varma AK, Patel SJ, Cachia D. MGMT-inhibitor in combination with TGF-βRI inhibitor or CDK 4/6 inhibitor increases temozolomide sensitivity in temozolomide-resistant glioblastoma cells. Clin Transl Oncol 2020; 23:612-619. [PMID: 32710211 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-020-02456-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma (GB) remains an incurable and deadly brain malignancy that often proves resistant to upfront treatment with temozolomide. Nevertheless, temozolomide remains the most commonly prescribed FDA-approved chemotherapy for GB. The DNA repair protein methylguanine-DNA methyl transferase (MGMT) confers resistance to temozolomide. Unsurprisingly temozolomide-resistant tumors tend to possess elevated MGMT protein levels or lack inhibitory MGMT promotor methylation. In this study, cultured human temozolomide resistance GB (43RG) cells were introduced to the MGMT inhibitor O6-benzylguanine combined with temozolomide and either LY2835219 (CDK 4/6 inhibitor) or LY2157299 (TGF-βRI inhibitor) seeking to overcome GB treatment resistance. METHODS Treatment effects were assessed using MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay, western blot, cell viability, and cell cycle progression. RESULTS Our in vitro study demonstrated that sequential treatment of O6-Benzylguanine with either LY2385219 or LY2157299-enhanced temozolomide enhanced sensitivity in MGMT+ 43RG cells. Importantly, normal human neurons and astrocytes remained impervious to the drug therapies under these conditions. Furthermore, LY2835219 has additional anti-proliferative effects on cell cycling, including induction of an RB-associated G (1) arrest via suppression of cyclin D-CDK4/6-Rb pathway. LY2157299 enhances anti-tumor effect by disrupting TGF-β-dependent HIF-1α signaling and by activating both Smad and PI3K-AKT pathways towards transcription of S/G2 checkpoints. CONCLUSION This study establishes the groundwork for the development of a combinatorial pharmacologic approach by using either LY2385219 or LY2157299 inhibitor plus O6-Benzylguanine to augment temozolomide response in temozolomide-resistant GB cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Das
- Department of Neurosurgery (Divisions of Neuro-Oncology) and MUSC Brain and Spine Tumor Program CSB 310, Medical University of South Carolina at Charleston, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA.
| | - F C Henderson
- Department of Neurosurgery (Divisions of Neuro-Oncology) and MUSC Brain and Spine Tumor Program CSB 310, Medical University of South Carolina at Charleston, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - M Alshareef
- Department of Neurosurgery (Divisions of Neuro-Oncology) and MUSC Brain and Spine Tumor Program CSB 310, Medical University of South Carolina at Charleston, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - G B F Porto
- Department of Neurosurgery (Divisions of Neuro-Oncology) and MUSC Brain and Spine Tumor Program CSB 310, Medical University of South Carolina at Charleston, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - I Kanginakudru
- Department of Neurosurgery (Divisions of Neuro-Oncology) and MUSC Brain and Spine Tumor Program CSB 310, Medical University of South Carolina at Charleston, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - L K Infinger
- Department of Neurosurgery (Divisions of Neuro-Oncology) and MUSC Brain and Spine Tumor Program CSB 310, Medical University of South Carolina at Charleston, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - W A Vandergrift
- Department of Neurosurgery (Divisions of Neuro-Oncology) and MUSC Brain and Spine Tumor Program CSB 310, Medical University of South Carolina at Charleston, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - S M Lindhorst
- Department of Neurosurgery (Divisions of Neuro-Oncology) and MUSC Brain and Spine Tumor Program CSB 310, Medical University of South Carolina at Charleston, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - A K Varma
- Department of Neurosurgery (Divisions of Neuro-Oncology) and MUSC Brain and Spine Tumor Program CSB 310, Medical University of South Carolina at Charleston, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - S J Patel
- Department of Neurosurgery (Divisions of Neuro-Oncology) and MUSC Brain and Spine Tumor Program CSB 310, Medical University of South Carolina at Charleston, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - D Cachia
- Department of Neurosurgery (Divisions of Neuro-Oncology) and MUSC Brain and Spine Tumor Program CSB 310, Medical University of South Carolina at Charleston, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
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23
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Köhler F, Bormann F, Raddatz G, Gutekunst J, Corless S, Musch T, Lonsdorf AS, Erhardt S, Lyko F, Rodríguez-Paredes M. Epigenetic deregulation of lamina-associated domains in Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome. Genome Med 2020; 12:46. [PMID: 32450911 PMCID: PMC7249329 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-020-00749-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) is a progeroid disease characterized by the early onset of age-related phenotypes including arthritis, loss of body fat and hair, and atherosclerosis. Cells from affected individuals express a mutant version of the nuclear envelope protein lamin A (termed progerin) and have previously been shown to exhibit prominent histone modification changes. METHODS Here, we analyze the possibility that epigenetic deregulation of lamina-associated domains (LADs) is involved in the molecular pathology of HGPS. To do so, we studied chromatin accessibility (Assay for Transposase-accessible Chromatin (ATAC)-see/-seq), DNA methylation profiles (Infinium MethylationEPIC BeadChips), and transcriptomes (RNA-seq) of nine primary HGPS fibroblast cell lines and six additional controls, two parental and four age-matched healthy fibroblast cell lines. RESULTS Our ATAC-see/-seq data demonstrate that primary dermal fibroblasts from HGPS patients exhibit chromatin accessibility changes that are enriched in LADs. Infinium MethylationEPIC BeadChip profiling further reveals that DNA methylation alterations observed in HGPS fibroblasts are similarly enriched in LADs and different from those occurring during healthy aging and Werner syndrome (WS), another premature aging disease. Moreover, HGPS patients can be stratified into two different subgroups according to their DNA methylation profiles. Finally, we show that the epigenetic deregulation of LADs is associated with HGPS-specific gene expression changes. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our results strongly implicate epigenetic deregulation of LADs as an important and previously unrecognized feature of HGPS, which contributes to disease-specific gene expression. Therefore, they not only add a new layer to the study of epigenetic changes in the progeroid syndrome, but also advance our understanding of the disease's pathology at the cellular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Köhler
- Division of Epigenetics, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Felix Bormann
- Division of Epigenetics, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Günter Raddatz
- Division of Epigenetics, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Julian Gutekunst
- Division of Epigenetics, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Samuel Corless
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), Im Neuenheimer Feld 282, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- DKFZ-ZMBH-Alliance, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- CellNetworks Excellence Cluster, Heidelberg University, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tanja Musch
- Division of Epigenetics, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anke S Lonsdorf
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital, Ruprecht-Karls University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sylvia Erhardt
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), Im Neuenheimer Feld 282, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- DKFZ-ZMBH-Alliance, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- CellNetworks Excellence Cluster, Heidelberg University, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frank Lyko
- Division of Epigenetics, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Manuel Rodríguez-Paredes
- Division of Epigenetics, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany.
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24
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Jin L, Shen F, Weinfeld M, Sergi C. Insulin Growth Factor Binding Protein 7 (IGFBP7)-Related Cancer and IGFBP3 and IGFBP7 Crosstalk. Front Oncol 2020; 10:727. [PMID: 32500027 PMCID: PMC7242731 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The insulin/insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) have crucial tasks in the growth, differentiation, and proliferation of healthy and pernicious cells. They are involved in coordinated complexes, including receptors, ligands, binding proteins, and proteases. However, the systems can become dysregulated in tumorigenesis. Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 7 (IGFBP7) is a protein belonging to the IGFBP superfamily (also termed GFBP-related proteins). Numerous studies have provided evidence that IGFBP3 and IGFBP7 are involved in a variety of cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), breast cancer, gastroesophageal cancer, colon cancer, prostate cancer, among many others. Still, very few suggest an interaction between these two molecules. In studying several cancer types in our laboratories, we found that both proteins share some crucial signaling pathways. The objective of this review is to present a comprehensive overview of the relationship between IGFBP7 and cancer, as well as highlighting IGFBP3 crosstalk with IGFBP7 reported in recent studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Jin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shiyan Taihe Hospital, College of Biomedical Engineering, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Fan Shen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Michael Weinfeld
- Division of Experimental Oncology, Department of Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Consolato Sergi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Department of Orthopedics, Tianyou Hospital, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering, National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China.,Stollery Children's Hospital, University Alberta Hospital, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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25
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Moreno MJ, Ling B, Stanimirovic DB. In vivo near-infrared fluorescent optical imaging for CNS drug discovery. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2020; 15:903-915. [PMID: 32396023 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2020.1759549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In vivo imaging technologies have become integral and essential component of drug discovery, development, and clinical assessment for central nervous system (CNS) diseases. Near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence imaging in the range of 650-950 nm is widely used for pre-clinical in vivo imaging studies. The recent expansion of NIR imaging into the shortwave infrared (SWIR, 1000-1700 nm) window enabled improvements in tissue penetration and resolution required for anatomical, dynamic, and molecular neuroimaging with high potential for clinical translation. AREAS COVERED This review focuses on the latest progress in near-infrared (NIR)-fluorescent optical imaging modalities with an emphasis on the SWIR window. Advantages and challenges in developing novel organic and inorganic SWIR emitters, with special attention to their toxicology and pharmacology, are discussed. Examples of their application in preclinical imaging of brain function and pathology provide a platform to assess the potential for their clinical translation. EXPERT OPINION Propelled through concomitant technological advancements in imaging instrumentation, algorithms and new SWIR emitters, SWIR imaging has addressed key barriers to optical imaging modalities used in pre-clinical studies addressing the CNS. Development of biocompatible SWIR emitters and adoption of SWIR into multi-modal imaging modalities promise to rapidly advance optical imaging into translational studies and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria J Moreno
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Center, National Research Council Canada , Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Binbing Ling
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Center, National Research Council Canada , Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Danica B Stanimirovic
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Center, National Research Council Canada , Ottawa, ON, Canada
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26
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Kaminska B, Cyranowski S. Recent Advances in Understanding Mechanisms of TGF Beta Signaling and Its Role in Glioma Pathogenesis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1202:179-201. [PMID: 32034714 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-30651-9_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) signaling is involved in the regulation of proliferation, differentiation and survival/or apoptosis of many cells, including glioma cells. TGF-β acts via specific receptors activating multiple intracellular pathways resulting in phosphorylation of receptor-regulated Smad2/3 proteins that associate with the common mediator, Smad4. Such complex translocates to the nucleus, binds to DNA and regulates transcription of many genes. Furthermore, TGF-β-activated kinase-1 (TAK1) is a component of TGF-β signaling and activates mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades. Negative regulation of TGF-β/Smad signaling may occur through the inhibitory Smad6/7. While genetic alterations in genes related to TGF-β signaling are relatively rare in gliomas, the altered expression of those genes is a frequent event. The increased expression of TGF-β1-3 correlates with a degree of malignancy of human gliomas. TGF-β may contribute to tumor pathogenesis in many ways: by direct support of tumor growth, by maintaining self-renewal of glioma initiating stem cells and inhibiting anti-tumor immunity. Glioma initiating cells are dedifferentiated cells that retain many stem cell-like properties, play a role in tumor initiation and contribute to its recurrence. TGF-β1,2 stimulate expression of the vascular endothelial growth factor as well as the plasminogen activator inhibitor and some metalloproteinases that are involved in vascular remodeling, angiogenesis and degradation of the extracellular matrix. Inhibitors of TGF-β signaling reduce viability and invasion of gliomas in animal models and show a great promise as novel, potential anti-tumor therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bozena Kaminska
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Neurobiology Center, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland. .,Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Salwador Cyranowski
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Neurobiology Center, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.,Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland
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27
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Alshabi AM, Vastrad B, Shaikh IA, Vastrad C. Identification of Crucial Candidate Genes and Pathways in Glioblastoma Multiform by Bioinformatics Analysis. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9050201. [PMID: 31137733 PMCID: PMC6571969 DOI: 10.3390/biom9050201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying glioblastoma multiform (GBM) and its biomarkers. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were diagnosed using the limma software package. The ToppGene (ToppFun) was used to perform pathway and Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis of the DEGs. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks, extracted modules, miRNA-target genes regulatory network and TF-target genes regulatory network were used to obtain insight into the actions of DEGs. Survival analysis for DEGs was carried out. A total of 590 DEGs, including 243 up regulated and 347 down regulated genes, were diagnosed between scrambled shRNA expression and Lin7A knock down. The up-regulated genes were enriched in ribosome, mitochondrial translation termination, translation, and peptide biosynthetic process. The down-regulated genes were enriched in focal adhesion, VEGFR3 signaling in lymphatic endothelium, extracellular matrix organization, and extracellular matrix. The current study screened the genes in the PPI network, extracted modules, miRNA-target genes regulatory network, and TF-target genes regulatory network with higher degrees as hub genes, which included NPM1, CUL4A, YIPF1, SHC1, AKT1, VLDLR, RPL14, P3H2, DTNA, FAM126B, RPL34, and MYL5. Survival analysis indicated that the high expression of RPL36A and MRPL35 were predicting longer survival of GBM, while high expression of AP1S1 and AKAP12 were predicting shorter survival of GBM. High expression of RPL36A and AP1S1 were associated with pathogenesis of GBM, while low expression of ALPL was associated with pathogenesis of GBM. In conclusion, the current study diagnosed DEGs between scrambled shRNA expression and Lin7A knock down samples, which could improve our understanding of the molecular mechanisms in the progression of GBM, and these crucial as well as new diagnostic markers might be used as therapeutic targets for GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Mohamed Alshabi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran 61441, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Basavaraj Vastrad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, SET`S College of Pharmacy, Dharwad, Karnataka 580002, India.
| | - Ibrahim Ahmed Shaikh
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran 61441, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Chanabasayya Vastrad
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Chanabasava Nilaya, Bharthinagar, Dharwad 580001, Karnataka, India.
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28
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Park M, Mazalo J, Di Girolamo N. Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-7: A marker of conjunctivalization in an animal model of limbal stem cell deficiency. Ocul Surf 2019; 17:447-457. [PMID: 31125784 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2019.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD) is characterized by the loss of limbal epithelial stem cells, resulting in a pathological process termed 'conjunctivalization' which compromises corneal transparency, leading to blindness. Current diagnosis for LSCD is limited because reliable conjunctiva-specific biomarkers are lacking. This study sought to address this shortcoming through the serendipitous discovery of insulin-like growth factor binding protein (IGFBP)-7. METHODS IGFBP-7 expression was determined in normal (n=83) and conjunctivalized (n=52) mouse corneas with experimentally-induced LSCD, and in cadaveric normal human corneas (n=7) and human pterygia (n=15); a disease characterized by the invasion of a conjunctivalized, fibrovascular pannus. Clinical assessments including slit-lamp microscopy, fluorescein staining and impression cytology, and biochemical, molecular and immunological assays were also conducted. RESULTS Mass spectrometry of conditioned media from mouse limbal explant-derived cells revealed the presence of IGFBP-7. This factor was expressed in normal limbal and conjunctival epithelium and conjunctivalized corneas from mice with LSCD, and in human pterygium epithelium but not in normal mouse or human corneal epithelium. Four weeks after inducing LSCD, IGFBP-7 staining was increased by 2.9-fold in mouse corneas compared to steady-state, and by 1.6-fold in impression cytology specimens derived from the same mice. Notably, IGFBP-7 was detected approximately 2-weeks earlier than Muc5AC. CONCLUSIONS This study provides novel insights into the specificity of IGFBP-7 for the mammalian conjunctival epithelium in health and disease. A point-of-care test for IGFBP-7 could be developed to assist clinicians in early diagnosis, and in monitoring disease progression, severity and therapeutic outcomes in patients with LSCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mijeong Park
- Mechanisms of Disease and Translational Research, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of NSW, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Jessica Mazalo
- Mechanisms of Disease and Translational Research, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of NSW, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Nick Di Girolamo
- Mechanisms of Disease and Translational Research, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of NSW, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.
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29
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Slater T, Haywood NJ, Matthews C, Cheema H, Wheatcroft SB. Insulin-like growth factor binding proteins and angiogenesis: from cancer to cardiovascular disease. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2019; 46:28-35. [PMID: 30954375 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2019.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is a tightly regulated activity that is vital during embryonic development and for normal physiological repair processes and reproduction in healthy adults. Pathological angiogenesis is a driving force behind a variety of diseases including cancer and retinopathies, and inhibition of angiogenesis is a therapeutic option that has been the subject of much research, with several inhibitory agents now available for medical therapy. Conversely, therapeutic angiogenesis has been mooted as having significant potential in the treatment of ischemic conditions such as angina pectoris and peripheral arterial disease, but so far there has been less translation from lab to bedside. The insulin-like growth factor binding proteins (IGFBP) are a family of seven proteins essential for the binding and transport of the insulin-like growth factors (IGF). It is being increasingly recognised that IGFBPs have a significant role beyond simply modulating IGF activity, with evidence of both IGF dependent and independent actions through a variety of mechanisms. Moreover, the action of the IGFBPs can be stimulatory or inhibitory depending on the cell type and environment. Specifically the IGFBPs have been heavily implicated in angiogenesis, both pathological and physiological, and they have significant promise as targeted cell therapy agents for both pathological angiogenesis inhibition and therapeutic angiogenesis following ischemic injury. In this short review we will explore the current understanding of the individual impact of each IGFBP on angiogenesis, and the pathways through which these effects occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Slater
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Natalie J Haywood
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Connor Matthews
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Harneet Cheema
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen B Wheatcroft
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, United Kingdom.
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30
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Xu N, Meng H, Liu T, Feng Y, Qi Y, Zhang D, Wang H. Stent-Jailing Technique Reduces Aneurysm Recurrence More Than Stent-Jack Technique by Causing Less Mechanical Forces and Angiogenesis and Inhibiting TGF-β/Smad2,3,4 Signaling Pathway in Intracranial Aneurysm Patients. Front Physiol 2019; 9:1862. [PMID: 30670979 PMCID: PMC6331523 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Stent-jailing and stent-jack are used for stent-assisted coil embolism (SCE) in intracranial aneurysm (IA) therapy, and cause different incidences of IA recurrence. Angiogenesis strongly correlates with aneurysm accumulation. Stent-jack causes higher mechanical forces in cerebral vessels than stent-jailing. Mechanical forces, as well as TGF-β/Smad2,3,4 signaling pathway, may play an important factor in IA recurrence by affecting angiogenesis. Methods: We explored the effects of stent-jailing or stent-jack technique on IA recurrence by investigating mechanical forces, TGF-β/Smad2,3,4 signaling pathway and the incidence of angiogenesis in IA patients. One-hundred-eighty-one IA patients were assigned into stent-jailing (n = 93) and stent-jacket groups (n = 88). The clinical outcome was evaluated using Glasgow Outcome Score (GOS) and aneurysm occlusion grades. The percentage of CD34+EPCs (releasing pro-angiogenic cytokines) in peripheral blood was measured by flow cytometer. Endothelial cells were separated from cerebral aneurysm and malformed arteries via immunomagnetic cell sorting. Angiogenesis was measured by microvessel density (MVD) using anti-CD34 monoclonal antibody staining before using the stent, immediately after surgery and 2 years later. Meanwhile, the mechanical forces in cerebral vessels were determined by measuring endothelial shear stress (ESS) via a computational method. TGF-β and Smad2,3,4 were measured by real-time qPCR and Western Blot. Tube formation analysis was performed to test the relationship between angiogenesis and TGF-β, and the effects of different techniques on angiogenesis. Results: After a 2-year follow-up, 85 and 81 patients from stent-jailing and stent-jack groups, respectively, completed the experiment. Stent-jailing technique improved GOS and reduced aneurysm occlusion grades higher than the stent-jack technique (P < 0.05). The counts of CD34+EPCs and MVD values in the stent-jailing group were lower than the stent-jack group (P < 0.05). ESS values in sent-jailing group were lower than the stent-jack group (P < 0.05), and positively correlated with MVD values (P < 0.05). TGF-β and Smad2,3,4 levels in sent-jailing group were also lower than the stent-jack group (P < 0.05). TGF-β was associated with angiogenesis incidence and stent-jack caused angiogenesis incidence more than stent-jailing. Conclusion: Stent-jailing technique reduces IA recurrence more than stent-jack by causing less mechanical forces, angiogenesis and inhibiting TGF-β/Smad2,3,4 signaling in IA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hao Meng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Tianyi Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yingli Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuan Qi
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Donghuan Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Honglei Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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IGFBP7 Drives Resistance to Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibition in Lung Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11010036. [PMID: 30609749 PMCID: PMC6356910 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11010036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation-positive lung cancer show a dramatic response to EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). However, acquired drug resistance eventually develops. This study explored the novel mechanisms related to TKI resistance. To identify the genes associated with TKI resistance, an integrative approach was used to analyze public datasets. Molecular manipulations were performed to investigate the roles of insulin-like growth factor binding protein 7 (IGFBP7) in lung adenocarcinoma. Clinical specimens were collected to validate the impact of IGFBP7 on the efficacy of EGFR TKI treatment. IGFBP7 mRNA expression in cancer cells isolated from malignant pleural effusions after acquired resistance to EGFR-TKI was significantly higher than in cancer cells from treatment-naïve effusions. IGFBP7 expression was markedly increased in cells with long-term TKI-induced resistance compared to in TKI-sensitive parental cells. Reduced IGFBP7 in TKI-resistant cells reversed the resistance to EGFR-TKIs and increased EGFR-TKI-induced apoptosis by up-regulating B-cell lymphoma 2 interacting mediator of cell death (BIM) and activating caspases. Suppression of IGFBP7 attenuated the phosphorylation of insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-IR) and downstream protein kinase B (AKT) in TKI-resistant cells. Clinically, higher serum IGFBP7 levels and tumors with positive IGFBP7-immunohistochemical staining were associated with poor TKI-treatment outcomes. IGFBP7 confers resistance to EGFR-TKIs and is a potential therapeutic target for treating EGFR-TKI-resistant cancers.
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Transcriptome profiling reveals PDZ binding kinase as a novel biomarker in peritumoral brain zone of glioblastoma. J Neurooncol 2018; 141:315-325. [PMID: 30460633 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-018-03051-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Peritumoural brain zone (PT) of glioblastoma (GBM) is the area where tumour recurrence is often observed. We aimed to identify differentially regulated genes between tumour core (TC) and PT to understand the underlying molecular characteristics of infiltrating tumour cells in PT. METHODS 17 each histologically characterised TC and PT tissues of GBM along with eight control tissues were subjected to cDNA Microarray. PT tissues contained 25-30% infiltrating tumour cells. Data was analysed using R Bioconductor software. Shortlisted genes were validated using qRT-PCR. Expression of one selected candidate gene, PDZ Binding Kinase (PBK) was correlated with patient survival, tumour recurrence and functionally characterized in vitro using gene knock-down approach. RESULTS Unsupervised hierarchical clustering showed that TC and PT have distinct gene expression profiles compared to controls. Further, comparing TC with PT, we observed a significant overlap in gene expression profile in both, despite PT having fewer infiltrating tumour cells. qRT-PCR for 13 selected genes validated the microarray data. Expression of PBK was higher in PT as compared to TC and recurrent when compared to newly diagnosed GBM tumours. PBK knock-down showed a significant reduction in cell proliferation, migration and invasion with increase in sensitivity to radiation and Temozolomide treatment. CONCLUSIONS We show that several genes of TC are expressed even in PT contributing to the vulnerability of PT for tumour recurrence. PBK is identified as a novel gene up-regulated in PT of GBM with a strong role in conferring aggressiveness, including radio-chemoresistance, thus contributing to recurrence in GBM tumours.
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Conti A, Luchini A, Benassi MS, Magagnoli G, Pierini M, Piccinni-Leopardi M, Quattrini I, Pollino S, Picci P, Liotta LA, Pazzaglia L. Circulating Candidate Biomarkers in Giant Cell Tumors of Bone. Proteomics Clin Appl 2018; 12:e1800041. [DOI: 10.1002/prca.201800041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Amalia Conti
- Experimental Oncology Laboratory; IRCCS Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute; Bologna Italy
| | - Alessandra Luchini
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine; George Mason University; Manassas VA USA
| | - Maria Serena Benassi
- Experimental Oncology Laboratory; IRCCS Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute; Bologna Italy
| | - Giovanna Magagnoli
- Experimental Oncology Laboratory; IRCCS Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute; Bologna Italy
| | - Michela Pierini
- Chemotherapy Unit; IRCCS Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute; Bologna Italy
| | | | - Irene Quattrini
- Experimental Oncology Laboratory; IRCCS Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute; Bologna Italy
| | - Serena Pollino
- Experimental Oncology Laboratory; IRCCS Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute; Bologna Italy
| | - Piero Picci
- Experimental Oncology Laboratory; IRCCS Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute; Bologna Italy
| | - Lance A. Liotta
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine; George Mason University; Manassas VA USA
| | - Laura Pazzaglia
- Experimental Oncology Laboratory; IRCCS Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute; Bologna Italy
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Infante A, Rodríguez CI. Secretome analysis of in vitro aged human mesenchymal stem cells reveals IGFBP7 as a putative factor for promoting osteogenesis. Sci Rep 2018; 8:4632. [PMID: 29545581 PMCID: PMC5854613 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-22855-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is a complex biological process, which involves multiple mechanisms with different levels of regulation. Senescent cells are known to secrete senescence-associated proteins, which exert negative influences on surrounding cells. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), the common progenitors for bone, cartilage and adipose tissue (which are especially affected tissues in aging), are known to secrete a broad spectrum of biologically active proteins with both paracrine and autocrine functions in many biological processes. In this report, we have studied the secreted factors (secretome) from human MSCs (hMSCs) and hMSCs-derived adipocytes which were induced to accumulate prelamin A, the immature form of the nuclear lamina protein called Lamin A, known to induce premature aging syndromes in humans and in murine models. Proteomic analysis from two different techniques, antibody arrays and LS-MS, showed that prelamin A accumulation in hMSCs promotes the differential secretion of factors previously identified as secreted by hMSCs undergoing osteogenesis. Moreover, this secretome was able to modulate osteogenesis of normal hMSCs in vitro. Finally, we found that one of the overexpressed secreted factors of this human aging in vitro stem cell model, IGFBP-7, is an osteogenic factor, essential for the viability of hMSCs during osteogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arantza Infante
- Stem Cells and Cell Therapy Laboratory, BioCruces Health Research Institute, Cruces University Hospital, Barakaldo, 48903, Spain
| | - Clara I Rodríguez
- Stem Cells and Cell Therapy Laboratory, BioCruces Health Research Institute, Cruces University Hospital, Barakaldo, 48903, Spain.
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Li XQ, Zhang QQ, Zhang HY, Guo XH, Fan HQ, Liu LX. Interaction between insulin-like growth factor binding protein-related protein 1 and transforming growth factor beta 1 in primary hepatic stellate cells. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int 2017; 16:395-404. [PMID: 28823370 DOI: 10.1016/s1499-3872(17)60013-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously showed that insulin-like growth factor binding protein-related protein 1 (IGFBPrP1) is a novel mediator in liver fibrosis. Transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFβ1) is known as the strongest effector of liver fibrosis. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the detailed interaction between IGFBPrP1 and TGFβ1 in primary hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). METHODS We overexpressed TGFβ1 or IGFBPrP1 and inhibited TGFβ1 expression in primary HSCs for 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours to investigate their interaction and observe the accompanying expressions of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), collagen I, fibronectin, and phosphorylated-mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 2/3 (p-Smad2/3). RESULTS We found that the adenovirus vector encoding the TGFβ1 gene (AdTGFβ1) induced IGFBPrP1 expression while that of α-SMA, collagen I, fibronectin, and TGFβ1 increased gradually. Concomitantly, AdIGFBPrP1 upregulated TGFβ1, α-SMA, collagen I, fibronectin, and p-Smad2/3 in a time-dependent manner while IGFBPrP1 expression was decreased at 96 hours. Inhibition of TGFβ1 expression reduced the IGFBPrP1-stimulated expression of α-SMA, collagen I, fibronectin, and p-Smad2/3. CONCLUSIONS These findings for the first time suggest the existence of a possible mutually regulation between IGFBPrP1 and TGFβ1, which likely accelerates liver fibrosis progression. Furthermore, IGFBPrP1 likely participates in liver fibrosis in a TGFβ1-depedent manner, and may act as an upstream regulatory factor of TGFβ1 in the Smad pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Qing Li
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Qian-Qian Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Taiyuan 030001, China; Experimental Center of Science and Research, Taiyuan 030001, China; The First Clinical Hospital of Shanxi Medical University; and Key Laboratory of Cell Physiology, Provincial Department of the Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Hai-Yan Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Taiyuan 030001, China; Experimental Center of Science and Research, Taiyuan 030001, China; The First Clinical Hospital of Shanxi Medical University; and Key Laboratory of Cell Physiology, Provincial Department of the Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Xiao-Hong Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Taiyuan 030001, China; Experimental Center of Science and Research, Taiyuan 030001, China; The First Clinical Hospital of Shanxi Medical University; and Key Laboratory of Cell Physiology, Provincial Department of the Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Hui-Qin Fan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Taiyuan 030001, China; Experimental Center of Science and Research, Taiyuan 030001, China; The First Clinical Hospital of Shanxi Medical University; and Key Laboratory of Cell Physiology, Provincial Department of the Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Li-Xin Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Taiyuan 030001, China; Experimental Center of Science and Research, Taiyuan 030001, China; The First Clinical Hospital of Shanxi Medical University; and Key Laboratory of Cell Physiology, Provincial Department of the Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China.
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Inhibition of CYP4A by a novel flavonoid FLA-16 prolongs survival and normalizes tumor vasculature in glioma. Cancer Lett 2017; 402:131-141. [PMID: 28602979 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastomas rapidly become refractory to anti-VEGF therapies. We previously showed that cytochrome P450 (CYP) 4A-derived 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE) promotes angiogenesis. Here, we tested whether a novel flavonoid (FLA-16) prolongs survival and normalizes tumor vasculature in glioma through CYP4A inhibition. FLA-16 improved survival, reduced tumor burden, and normalized vasculature, accompanied with the decreased secretion of 20-HETE, VEGF and TGF-β in tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) in C6 and U87 gliomas. FLA-16 attenuated vascular abnormalization induced by co-implantation of GL261 glioma cells with CYP4A10high macrophages or EPCs. Mechanistically, the conditional medium from TAMs and EPCs treated with FLA-16 enhanced the migration of pericyte cells, and decreased the proliferation and migration of endothelial cells, which were reversed by CYP4A overexpression or exogenous addition of 20-HETE, VEGF and TGF-β. Furthermore, FLA-16 prevented crosstalk between TAMs and EPCs during angiogenesis. These results suggest that CYP4A inhibition by FLA-16 prolongs survival and normalizes vasculature in glioma through decreasing production of TAMs and EPCs-derived VEGF and TGF-β. This may represent a potential therapeutic strategy to overcome resistance to anti-VEGF treatment by effects on vessels and immune cells.
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Ma Y, Wang P, Xue Y, Qu C, Zheng J, Liu X, Ma J, Liu Y. PVT1 affects growth of glioma microvascular endothelial cells by negatively regulating miR-186. Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317694326. [PMID: 28351322 DOI: 10.1177/1010428317694326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Vigorous angiogenesis is one of the reasons for the poor prognosis of glioma. A number of studies have shown that long non-coding RNA can affect a variety of biological behaviors of tumors. However, the influence of long non-coding RNAs on glioma vascular endothelial cells remains unclear. To simulate the glioma microenvironment, we applied glioma-conditioned medium to human cerebral microvascular endothelial cells. The long non-coding RNA PVT1 was found to be highly expressed in glioma vascular endothelial cells. Cell Counting Kit-8, migration, and tube formation assays showed that PVT1 overexpression promoted glioma vascular endothelial cells proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis. We also found that PVT1 overexpression upregulated the expression of the autophagy-related proteins Atg7 and Beclin1, which induced protective autophagy. Bioinformatics software and dual-luciferase system analysis confirmed that PVT1 acts by targeting miR-186. In addition, our study showed that miR-186 could target the 3' untranslated region of Atg7 and Beclin1 to decrease their expression levels, thereby inhibiting glioma-conditioned human cerebral microvascular endothelial cell autophagy. In conclusion, PVT1 overexpression increased the expression of Atg7 and Beclin1 by targeting miR-186, which induced protective autophagy, thus promoting glioma vascular endothelial cell proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis. Therefore, PVT1 and miR-186 can provide new therapeutic targets for future anti-angiogenic treatment of glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawen Ma
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
- 2 Liaoning Research Center for Translational Medicine in Nervous System Disease, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Wang
- 3 Department of Neurobiology, College of Basic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
- 4 Institute of Pathology and Pathophysiology, China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yixue Xue
- 3 Department of Neurobiology, College of Basic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
- 4 Institute of Pathology and Pathophysiology, China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengbin Qu
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
- 2 Liaoning Research Center for Translational Medicine in Nervous System Disease, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Zheng
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
- 2 Liaoning Research Center for Translational Medicine in Nervous System Disease, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaobai Liu
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
- 2 Liaoning Research Center for Translational Medicine in Nervous System Disease, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Ma
- 3 Department of Neurobiology, College of Basic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
- 4 Institute of Pathology and Pathophysiology, China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunhui Liu
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
- 2 Liaoning Research Center for Translational Medicine in Nervous System Disease, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
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de Necochea-Campion R, Zuckerman LM, Mirshahidi HR, Khosrowpour S, Chen CS, Mirshahidi S. Metastatic biomarkers in synovial sarcoma. Biomark Res 2017; 5:4. [PMID: 28191313 PMCID: PMC5297148 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-017-0083-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Synovial sarcoma (SS) is an aggressive soft tissue sarcoma (STS) that typically occurs in the extremities near a joint. Metastatic disease is common and usually occurs in the lungs and lymph nodes. Surgical management is the mainstay of treatment with chemotherapy and radiation typically used as adjuvant treatment. Although chemotherapy has a positive impact on survival, the prognosis is poor if metastatic disease occurs. The biology of sarcoma invasion and metastasis remain poorly understood. Chromosomal translocation with fusion of the SYT and SSX genes has been described and is currently used as a diagnostic marker, although the full impact of the fusion is unknown. Multiple biomarkers have been found to be associated with SS and are currently under investigation regarding their pathways and mechanisms of action. Further research is needed in order to develop better diagnostic screening tools and understanding of tumor behavior. Development of targeted therapies that reduce metastatic events in SS, would dramatically improve patient prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalia de Necochea-Campion
- Biospecimen Laboratory, Loma Linda University Cancer Center, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, 11175 Campus Street, Chan Shun Pavilion 11017, Loma Linda, CA 92354 USA
| | - Lee M Zuckerman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Loma Linda University Medical Center, 11406 Loma Linda Drive, Suite 218, Loma Linda, CA 92354 USA
| | - Hamid R Mirshahidi
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, 11175 Campus Street, Chan Shun Pavilion 11015, Loma Linda, CA 92354 USA
| | | | - Chien-Shing Chen
- Biospecimen Laboratory, Loma Linda University Cancer Center, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, 11175 Campus Street, Chan Shun Pavilion 11017, Loma Linda, CA 92354 USA.,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, 11175 Campus Street, Chan Shun Pavilion 11015, Loma Linda, CA 92354 USA
| | - Saied Mirshahidi
- Biospecimen Laboratory, Loma Linda University Cancer Center, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, 11175 Campus Street, Chan Shun Pavilion 11017, Loma Linda, CA 92354 USA
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Cantelli G, Crosas-Molist E, Georgouli M, Sanz-Moreno V. TGFΒ-induced transcription in cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2017; 42:60-69. [PMID: 27586372 PMCID: PMC6137079 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2016.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The Transforming Growth Factor-beta (TGFβ) pathway mediates a broad spectrum of cellular processes and is involved in several diseases, including cancer. TGFβ has a dual role in tumours, acting as a tumour suppressor in the early phase of tumorigenesis and as a tumour promoter in more advanced stages. In this review, we discuss the effects of TGFβ-driven transcription on all stages of tumour progression, with special focus on lung cancer. Since some TGFβ target genes are specifically involved in promoting metastasis, we speculate that these genes might be good targets to block tumour progression without compromising the tumour suppressor effects of the TGFβ pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaia Cantelli
- Tumour Plasticity Laboratory, Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Eva Crosas-Molist
- Tumour Plasticity Laboratory, Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Mirella Georgouli
- Tumour Plasticity Laboratory, Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Victoria Sanz-Moreno
- Tumour Plasticity Laboratory, Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK.
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40
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Emlet DR, Pastor-Soler N, Marciszyn A, Wen X, Gomez H, Humphries WH, Morrisroe S, Volpe JK, Kellum JA. Insulin-like growth factor binding protein 7 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-2: differential expression and secretion in human kidney tubule cells. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2016; 312:F284-F296. [PMID: 28003188 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00271.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Revised: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
We have characterized the expression and secretion of the acute kidney injury (AKI) biomarkers insulin-like growth factor binding protein 7 (IGFBP7) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-2 (TIMP-2) in human kidney epithelial cells in primary cell culture and tissue. We established cell culture model systems of primary kidney cells of proximal and distal tubule origin and observed that both proteins are indeed expressed and secreted in both tubule cell types in vitro. However, TIMP-2 is both expressed and secreted preferentially by cells of distal tubule origin, while IGFBP7 is equally expressed across tubule cell types yet preferentially secreted by cells of proximal tubule origin. In human kidney tissue, strong staining of IGFBP7 was seen in the luminal brush-border region of a subset of proximal tubule cells, and TIMP-2 stained intracellularly in distal tubules. Additionally, while some tubular colocalization of both biomarkers was identified with the injury markers kidney injury molecule-1 and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, both biomarkers could also be seen alone, suggesting the possibility for differential mechanistic and/or temporal profiles of regulation of these early AKI biomarkers from known markers of injury. Last, an in vitro model of ischemia-reperfusion demonstrated enhancement of secretion of both markers early after reperfusion. This work provides a rationale for further investigation of these markers for their potential role in the pathogenesis of acute kidney injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R Emlet
- Center for Critical Care Nephrology, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Nuria Pastor-Soler
- Renal Electrolyte Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and
| | - Allison Marciszyn
- Renal Electrolyte Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and
| | - Xiaoyan Wen
- Center for Critical Care Nephrology, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Hernando Gomez
- Center for Critical Care Nephrology, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Seth Morrisroe
- Center for Critical Care Nephrology, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Jacob K Volpe
- Center for Critical Care Nephrology, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - John A Kellum
- Center for Critical Care Nephrology, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; .,Renal Electrolyte Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and
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Hammoud L, Adams JR, Loch AJ, Marcellus RC, Uehling DE, Aman A, Fladd C, McKee TD, Jo CEB, Al-Awar R, Egan SE, Rossant J. Identification of RSK and TTK as Modulators of Blood Vessel Morphogenesis Using an Embryonic Stem Cell-Based Vascular Differentiation Assay. Stem Cell Reports 2016; 7:787-801. [PMID: 27618721 PMCID: PMC5063585 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2016.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Revised: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood vessels are formed through vasculogenesis, followed by remodeling of the endothelial network through angiogenesis. Many events that occur during embryonic vascular development are recapitulated during adult neoangiogenesis, which is critical to tumor growth and metastasis. Current antiangiogenic tumor therapies, based largely on targeting the vascular endothelial growth factor pathway, show limited clinical benefits, thus necessitating the discovery of alternative targets. Here we report the development of a robust embryonic stem cell-based vascular differentiation assay amenable to small-molecule screens to identify novel modulators of angiogenesis. In this context, RSK and TTK were identified as angiogenic modulators. Inhibition of these pathways inhibited angiogenesis in embryoid bodies and human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Furthermore, inhibition of RSK and TTK reduced tumor growth, vascular density, and improved survival in an in vivo Lewis lung carcinoma mouse model. Our study suggests that RSK and TTK are potential targets for antiangiogenic therapy, and provides an assay system for further pathway screens. Development of ESC-based vascular differentiation assay amenable to drug screening Screening a kinase library identified RSK and TTK as angiogenic modulators RSK and TTK inhibition disrupted angiogenesis in vitro RSK and TTK inhibition inhibited Lewis lung tumor growth and angiogenesis in vivo
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamis Hammoud
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Jessica R Adams
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Amanda J Loch
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Richard C Marcellus
- Drug Discovery Department, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON M5G 0A3, Canada
| | - David E Uehling
- Drug Discovery Department, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON M5G 0A3, Canada
| | - Ahmed Aman
- Drug Discovery Department, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON M5G 0A3, Canada
| | - Christopher Fladd
- SPARC BioCentre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Trevor D McKee
- Radiation Medicine Program, STTARR Innovation Centre, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Christine E B Jo
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Rima Al-Awar
- Drug Discovery Department, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON M5G 0A3, Canada
| | - Sean E Egan
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Janet Rossant
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.
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Nana AW, Yang PM, Lin HY. Overview of Transforming Growth Factor β Superfamily Involvement in Glioblastoma Initiation and Progression. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2016; 16:6813-23. [PMID: 26514451 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.16.6813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma, also known as glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), is the most aggressive of human brain tumors and has a stunning progression with a mean survival of one year from the date of diagnosis. High cell proliferation, angiogenesis and/or necrosis are histopathological features of this cancer, which has no efficient curative therapy. This aggressiveness is associated with particular heterogeneity of the tumor featuring multiple genetic and epigenetic alterations, but also with implications of aberrant signaling driven by growth factors. The transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) superfamily is a large group of structurally related proteins including TGFβ subfamily members Nodal, Activin, Lefty, bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) and growth and differentiation factor (GDF). It is involved in important biological functions including morphogenesis, embryonic development, adult stem cell differentiation, immune regulation, wound healing and inflammation. This superfamily is also considered to impact on cancer biology including that of GBM, with various effects depending on the member. The TGFβ subfamily, in particular, is overexpressed in some GBM types which exhibit aggressive phenotypes. This subfamily impairs anti-cancer immune responses in several ways, including immune cells inhibition and major histocompatibility (MHC) class I and II abolishment. It promotes GBM angiogenesis by inducing angiogenic factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-I) and insulin- like growth factor-binding protein 7 (IGFBP7), contributes to GBM progression by inducing metalloproteinases (MMPs), "pro-neoplastic" integrins (αvβ3, α5β1) and GBM initiating cells (GICs) as well as inducing a GBM mesenchymal phenotype. Equally, Nodal promotes GICs, induces cancer metabolic switch and supports GBM cell proliferation, but is negatively regulated by Lefty. Activin promotes GBM cell proliferation while GDF yields immune-escape function. On the other hand, BMPs target GICS and induce differentiation and sensitivity to chemotherapy. This multifaceted involvement of this superfamily in GBM necessitates different strategies in anti-cancer therapy. While suppressing the TGFβ subfamily yields advantageous results, enhancing BMPs production is also beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andre Wendindonde Nana
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan E-mail :
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Biodegradable Mg-Cu alloys with enhanced osteogenesis, angiogenesis, and long-lasting antibacterial effects. Sci Rep 2016; 6:27374. [PMID: 27271057 PMCID: PMC4895436 DOI: 10.1038/srep27374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of biodegradable Mg-Cu alloys is designed to induce osteogenesis, stimulate angiogenesis, and provide long-lasting antibacterial performance at the same time. The Mg-Cu alloys with precipitated Mg2Cu intermetallic phases exhibit accelerated degradation in the physiological environment due to galvanic corrosion and the alkaline environment combined with Cu release endows the Mg-Cu alloys with prolonged antibacterial effects. In addition to no cytotoxicity towards HUVECs and MC3T3-E1 cells, the Mg-Cu alloys, particularly Mg-0.03Cu, enhance the cell viability, alkaline phosphatase activity, matrix mineralization, collagen secretion, osteogenesis-related gene and protein expressions of MC3T3-E1 cells, cell proliferation, migration, endothelial tubule forming, angiogenesis-related gene, and protein expressions of HUVECs compared to pure Mg. The favorable osteogenesis and angiogenesis are believed to arise from the release of bioactive Mg and Cu ions into the biological environment and the biodegradable Mg-Cu alloys with osteogenesis, angiogenesis, and long-term antibacterial ability are very promising in orthopedic applications.
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Zhao W, Wang J, Zhu B, Duan Y, Chen F, Nian W, Sun J, Zhang B, Tong Z, Chen Z. IGFBP7 functions as a potential lymphangiogenesis inducer in non-small cell lung carcinoma. Oncol Rep 2015; 35:1483-92. [PMID: 26706909 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.4516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymphangiogenesis is not only involved in the processes of embryonic development, tissue repair and chronic inflammation, but also in tumor lymphatic metastasis. Metastatic tumor cells spreading through lymphatic vessels occur in non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC), with regional lymph node metastasis often being the most important prognostic factor for carcinoma patients. Recent research has identified a range of lymphangiogenic growth factors that could conceivably play a great role in promoting tumor lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic metastasis. The most extensively accepted signaling pathways promoting lymphangiogenesis in tumors include the secreted lymphangiogenic proteins: vascular endothelial growth factor-C (VEGF-C) and VEGF-D, and their cognate receptor on lymphatic endothelium VEGF receptor-3 (VEGFR-3). Targeting VEGF pathway strategy sometimes failed to decrease tumor metastasis in vivo experiments and clinical trials. It is unclear whether the tumor cells induced the lymphangiogenesis process, while VEGF pathway could not completely illustrate the mechanism of tumor cell lymphatic metastasis. To explore the novel tumor lymphangiogenesis targets, we screened 181 candidate genes between high lymphatic vascular density (LVD) and low LVD in lung adenocarcinomas using Human Genome U133 Plus 2.0 Microarray. Insulin-like growth factor binding protein 7 (IGFBP7) was proven to be associated with metastatic clinicopathological features and high LVD. Furthermore, by assessing the capability of lymphatic endothelial cell forming lymphatic vessel-like structures in vitro, it appears to enhance lymphangiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weipeng Zhao
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Oncology, General Hospital, Jinan Command of the People's Liberation Army, Jinan, Shandong 250031, P.R. China
| | - Bo Zhu
- Institute of Cancer, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Yuzhong Duan
- Institute of Cancer, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Fanglin Chen
- Institute of Cancer, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Weiqi Nian
- Institute of Cancer, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Jianguo Sun
- Institute of Cancer, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Bicheng Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Wuhan General Hospital of Guangzhou Command, People's Liberation Army, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, P.R. China
| | - Zhongsheng Tong
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Zhengtang Chen
- Institute of Cancer, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
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Rai S, Nejadhamzeeigilani Z, Gutowski NJ, Whatmore JL. Loss of the endothelial glycocalyx is associated with increased E-selectin mediated adhesion of lung tumour cells to the brain microvascular endothelium. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2015; 34:105. [PMID: 26407999 PMCID: PMC4582832 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-015-0223-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background Arrest of metastasising lung cancer cells to the brain microvasculature maybe mediated by interactions between ligands on circulating tumour cells and endothelial E-selectin adhesion molecules; a process likely to be regulated by the endothelial glycocalyx. Using human cerebral microvascular endothelial cells and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines, we describe how factors secreted by NSCLC cells i.e. cystatin C, cathepsin L, insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 7 (IGFBP7), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), damage the glycocalyx and enhance initial contacts between lung tumour and cerebral endothelial cells. Methods Endothelial cells were treated with tumour secreted-proteins or lung tumour conditioned medium (CM). Surface levels of E-selectin were quantified by ELISA. Adhesion of A549 and SK-MES-1 cells was examined under flow conditions (1 dyne/cm2). Alterations in the endothelial glycocalyx were quantified by binding of fluorescein isothiocyanate-linked wheat germ agglutinin (WGA-FITC). Results A549 and SK-MES-1 CM and secreted-proteins significantly enhanced endothelial surface E-selectin levels after 30 min and 4 h and tumour cell adhesion after 30 min, 4 and 24 h. Both coincided with significant glycocalyx degradation; A549 and SK-MES-1 CM removing 55 ± 12 % and 58 ± 18.7 % of WGA-FITC binding, respectively. Inhibition of E-selectin binding by monoclonal anti-E-selectin antibody completely attenuated tumour cell adhesion. Conclusion These data suggest that metastasising lung cancer cells facilitate their own adhesion to the brain endothelium by secreting factors that damage the endothelial glycocalyx, resulting in exposure of the previously shielded adhesion molecules and engagement of the E-selectin-mediated adhesion axis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13046-015-0223-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srijana Rai
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, St. Luke's campus, Exeter, EX1 2LU, UK.
| | - Zaynab Nejadhamzeeigilani
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, St. Luke's campus, Exeter, EX1 2LU, UK.
| | - Nicholas J Gutowski
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, St. Luke's campus, Exeter, EX1 2LU, UK. .,Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Barrack road, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK.
| | - Jacqueline L Whatmore
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, St. Luke's campus, Exeter, EX1 2LU, UK.
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Abstract
Glioblastoma is characterized by microvascular proliferation and a highly abnormal dysfunctional vasculature. The glioblastoma vessels differ significantly from normal brain vessels morphologically, functionally and molecularly. The present review provides a brief overview of the current understanding of the formation, functional abnormalities and specific gene expression of glioblastoma vessels and the consequences of vascular abnormalization for the tumour microenvironment.
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Abstract
The central nervous system (CNS) possesses powerful local and global immunosuppressive capabilities that modulate unwanted inflammatory reactions in nervous tissue. These same immune-modulatory mechanisms are also co-opted by malignant brain tumors and pose a formidable challenge to brain tumor immunotherapy. Routes by which malignant gliomas coordinate immunosuppression include the mechanical and functional barriers of the CNS; immunosuppressive cytokines and catabolites; immune checkpoint molecules; tumor-infiltrating immune cells; and suppressor immune cells. The challenges to overcoming tumor-induced immunosuppression, however, are not unique to the brain, and several analogous immunosuppressive mechanisms also exist for primary tumors outside of the CNS. Ultimately, the immune responses in the CNS are linked and complementary to immune processes in the periphery, and advances in tumor immunotherapy in peripheral sites may therefore illuminate novel approaches to brain tumor immunotherapy, and vice versa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Powell Perng
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, MD , USA
| | - Michael Lim
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, MD , USA
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Transforming growth factor β and bone morphogenetic protein actions in brain tumors. FEBS Lett 2015; 589:1588-97. [PMID: 25957771 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2015.04.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2015] [Revised: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Members of the transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) family are implicated in the biology of several cancers. Here we focus on malignancies of the brain and examine the TGFβ and the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling branches of the family. These pathways exhibit context-dependent actions during tumorigenesis, acting either as tumor suppressors or as pro-tumorigenic agents. In the brain, the TGF-βs associate with oncogenic development and progression to the more malignant state. Inversely, the BMPs suppress tumorigenic potential by acting as agents that induce tumor cell differentiation. The latter has been best demonstrated in grade IV astrocytomas, otherwise known as glioblastoma multiforme. We discuss how the actions of TGF-βs and BMPs on cancer stem cells may explain their effects on tumor progression, and try to highlight intricate mechanisms that may link tumor cell differentiation to invasion. The focus on TGF-β and BMP and their actions in brain malignancies provides a rich territory for mechanistic understanding of tumor heterogeneity and suggests ways for improved therapeutic intervention, currently being addressed by clinical trials.
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Bolomsky A, Hose D, Schreder M, Seckinger A, Lipp S, Klein B, Heintel D, Ludwig H, Zojer N. Insulin like growth factor binding protein 7 (IGFBP7) expression is linked to poor prognosis but may protect from bone disease in multiple myeloma. J Hematol Oncol 2015; 8:10. [PMID: 25887188 PMCID: PMC4333268 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-014-0105-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 12/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Insulin like growth factor binding protein 7 (IGFBP7) is a secreted protein binding insulin like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), insulin, vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA), and activin A. It antagonizes bone morphogenetic proteins and is involved in the tumour propagation of solid as well as haematological malignancies. Its role in multiple myeloma (MM) is not defined so far. We therefore aim here to investigate its prognostic and pathophysiological role in MM. Methods The clinical significance of IGFBP7 gene expression was investigated by gene expression profiling in two independent cohorts (n = 948) of newly-diagnosed MM patients. Methylation of the IGFBP7 promoter was analysed by pyrosequencing and treatment of MM cell lines with 5-aza-2-deoxycytidine. The impact of IGFBP7 on MM cells was studied by CCK-8 assay, BrdU assay and flow cytometry, respectively. IGFBP7 expression in bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) was studied by quantitative RT-PCR. For osteoblast development, immortalized and primary human BMSCs were cultured in osteogenic differentiation medium for 7–14 days in the presence of recombinant human IGFBP7 and/or activin A. Results Median IGFBP7 expression is significantly lower in CD138-purified plasma cells from individuals with MGUS and MM, compared to normal bone marrow plasma cells. IGFBP7 gene expression in MM cells is regulated by methylation, shown by pyrosequencing and exposure to demethylating agents (5-aza-2-deoxycytidine). High expression of IGFBP7 in MM cells is associated with adverse survival in two independent cohorts of 247 and 701 newly-diagnosed MM patients treated with high-dose therapy and autologous stem cell transplantation. IGFBP7 is associated with prognostically adverse chromosomal aberrations (t(4;14) and gain of 1q21), MMSET expression, and higher myeloma cell proliferation. In vitro, IGFBP7 overcomes activin A induced osteoblast suppression and promotes osteogenesis. MM cells downregulate IGFBP7 in stromal cells, possibly contributing to the osteoblast suppression found in MM. Conversely, higher IGFBP7 expression is associated with a lower probability of myeloma bone disease. Conclusions Our data indicate that IGFBP7 expression is a marker for a specific methylation pattern in myeloma, linked to translocation t(4;14) associated MMSET expression, showing clinical features of adverse prognosis with absence of myeloma bone disease. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13045-014-0105-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnold Bolomsky
- Wilhelminen Cancer Research Institute, Department of Internal Medicine I, Wilhelminenspital, Montleartstraße 37, 1160, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Dirk Hose
- Medizinische Klinik V, Universitaetsklinikum Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Martin Schreder
- Wilhelminen Cancer Research Institute, Department of Internal Medicine I, Wilhelminenspital, Montleartstraße 37, 1160, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Anja Seckinger
- Medizinische Klinik V, Universitaetsklinikum Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Susanne Lipp
- Medizinische Klinik V, Universitaetsklinikum Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Bernard Klein
- INSERM U1040, Institute for Research in Biotherapy, CHU Montpellier, Hospital St Eloi, Montpellier, France.
| | - Daniel Heintel
- Wilhelminen Cancer Research Institute, Department of Internal Medicine I, Wilhelminenspital, Montleartstraße 37, 1160, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Heinz Ludwig
- Wilhelminen Cancer Research Institute, Department of Internal Medicine I, Wilhelminenspital, Montleartstraße 37, 1160, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Niklas Zojer
- Wilhelminen Cancer Research Institute, Department of Internal Medicine I, Wilhelminenspital, Montleartstraße 37, 1160, Vienna, Austria.
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Abstract
Vertebrates have evolved a powerful vascular system that involves close interactions between blood vessels and target tissues. Vascular biology had been mostly focused on the study of blood vessels for decades, which has generated large bodies of knowledge on vascular cell development, function and pathology. We argue that the prime time has arrived for vascular research on vessel-tissue interactions, especially target tissue regulation of vessel development. The central nervous system (CNS) requires a highly efficient vascular system for oxygen and nutrient transport as well as waste disposal. Therefore, neurovascular interaction is an excellent entry point to understanding target tissue regulation of blood vessel development. In this review, we summarize signaling pathways that transmit information from neural cells to blood vessels during development and the mechanisms by which they regulate each step of CNS angiogenesis. We also review important mechanisms of neural regulation of blood-brain barrier establishment and maturation, highlighting different functions of neural progenitor cells and pericytes. Finally, we evaluate potential contribution of malfunctioning neurovascular signaling to the development of brain vascular diseases and discuss how neurovascular interactions could be involved in brain tumor angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang Ma
- Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA ; Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Zhen Huang
- Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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