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Ruzanov P, Evdokimova V, Pachva MC, Minkovich A, Zhang Z, Langman S, Gassmann H, Thiel U, Orlic-Milacic M, Zaidi SH, Peltekova V, Heisler LE, Sharma M, Cox ME, McKee TD, Zaidi M, Lapouble E, McPherson JD, Delattre O, Radvanyi L, Burdach SE, Stein LD, Sorensen PH. Oncogenic ETS fusions promote DNA damage and proinflammatory responses via pericentromeric RNAs in extracellular vesicles. J Clin Invest 2024:e169470. [PMID: 38530366 DOI: 10.1172/jci169470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Aberrant expression of ETS transcription factors characterizes numerous human malignancies. Many of these proteins, including EWS::FLI1 and EWS::ERG fusions in Ewing sarcoma (EwS) and TMPRSS2::ERG in prostate cancer (PCa), drive oncogenic programs via binding to GGAA repeats. We report here that both EWS::FLI1 and ERG bind and transcriptionally activate GGAA-rich pericentromeric heterochromatin. The respective pathogen-like HSAT2 and HSAT3 RNAs, together with LINE, SINE, ERV and other repeat transcripts, are expressed in EwS and PCa tumors, secreted in extracellular vesicles (EVs) and are highly elevated in plasma of EwS patients with metastatic disease. High HSAT2,3 levels in EWS::FLI1 or ERG expressing cells and tumors were associated with induction of G2/M checkpoint, mitotic spindle and DNA damage programs. These programs were also activated in EwS EV-treated fibroblasts, coincident with accumulation of HSAT2,3 RNAs, proinflammatory responses, mitotic defects, and senescence. Mechanistically, HSAT2,3-enriched cancer EVs induced cGAS-TBK1 innate immune signaling and formation of cytosolic granules positive for double-strand RNAs, RNA-DNA and cGAS. Hence, aberrantly expressed ETS proteins derepress pericentromeric heterochromatin, yielding pathogenic RNAs which transmit genotoxic stress and inflammation to local and distant sites. Monitoring HSAT2,3 plasma levels and preventing their dissemination may thus improve therapeutic strategies and blood-based diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Ruzanov
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Manideep C Pachva
- Department of Molecular Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Center, Vancouver, Canada
| | | | - Zhenbo Zhang
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Canada
| | - Sofya Langman
- Department of Molecular Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Center, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Hendrik Gassmann
- Department of Pediatrics, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Uwe Thiel
- Department of Pediatrics, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Syed H Zaidi
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | - Trevor D McKee
- STTARR Innovation Center, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Eve Lapouble
- Somatic Genetic Unit, Curie Institute, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | - Stefan Eg Burdach
- Department of Molecular Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Center, Vancouver, Canada
| | | | - Poul H Sorensen
- Department of Molecular Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Center, Vancouver, Canada
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2
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Ferri-Borgogno S, Burks JK, Seeley EH, McKee TD, Stolley DL, Basi AV, Gomez JA, Gamal BT, Ayyadhury S, Lawson BC, Yates MS, Birrer MJ, Lu KH, Mok SC. Molecular, Metabolic, and Subcellular Mapping of the Tumor Immune Microenvironment via 3D Targeted and Non-Targeted Multiplex Multi-Omics Analyses. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:846. [PMID: 38473208 PMCID: PMC10930466 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16050846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Most platforms used for the molecular reconstruction of the tumor-immune microenvironment (TIME) of a solid tumor fail to explore the spatial context of the three-dimensional (3D) space of the tumor at a single-cell resolution, and thus lack information about cell-cell or cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions. To address this issue, a pipeline which integrated multiplex spatially resolved multi-omics platforms was developed to identify crosstalk signaling networks among various cell types and the ECM in the 3D TIME of two FFPE (formalin-fixed paraffin embedded) gynecologic tumor samples. These platforms include non-targeted mass spectrometry imaging (glycans, metabolites, and peptides) and Stereo-seq (spatial transcriptomics) and targeted seqIF (IHC proteomics). The spatially resolved imaging data in a two- and three-dimensional space demonstrated various cellular neighborhoods in both samples. The collection of spatially resolved analytes in a voxel (3D pixel) across serial sections of the tissue was also demonstrated. Data collected from this analytical pipeline were used to construct spatial 3D maps with single-cell resolution, which revealed cell identity, activation, and energized status. These maps will provide not only insights into the molecular basis of spatial cell heterogeneity in the TIME, but also novel predictive biomarkers and therapeutic targets, which can improve patient survival rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sammy Ferri-Borgogno
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA (K.H.L.)
| | - Jared K. Burks
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (D.L.S.); (A.V.B.); (J.A.G.)
| | - Erin H. Seeley
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA;
| | - Trevor D. McKee
- Pathomics, Inc., Toronto, ON M4C 3K2, Canada; (T.D.M.); (S.A.)
| | - Danielle L. Stolley
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (D.L.S.); (A.V.B.); (J.A.G.)
| | - Akshay V. Basi
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (D.L.S.); (A.V.B.); (J.A.G.)
| | - Javier A. Gomez
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (D.L.S.); (A.V.B.); (J.A.G.)
| | - Basant T. Gamal
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA (K.H.L.)
| | | | - Barrett C. Lawson
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Melinda S. Yates
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Michael J. Birrer
- Winthrop P. Rockefelle Cancer Institute, The University of Arkanasas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Karen H. Lu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA (K.H.L.)
| | - Samuel C. Mok
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA (K.H.L.)
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3
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Dawe M, Shi W, Liu TY, Lajkosz K, Shibahara Y, Gopal NEK, Geread R, Mirjahanmardi S, Wei CX, Butt S, Abdalla M, Manolescu S, Liang SB, Chadwick D, Roehrl MHA, McKee TD, Adeoye A, McCready D, Khademi A, Liu FF, Fyles A, Done SJ. Reliability and Variability of Ki-67 Digital Image Analysis Methods for Clinical Diagnostics in Breast Cancer. J Transl Med 2024; 104:100341. [PMID: 38280634 DOI: 10.1016/j.labinv.2024.100341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Ki-67 is a nuclear protein associated with proliferation, and a strong potential biomarker in breast cancer, but is not routinely measured in current clinical management owing to a lack of standardization. Digital image analysis (DIA) is a promising technology that could allow high-throughput analysis and standardization. There is a dearth of data on the clinical reliability as well as intra- and interalgorithmic variability of different DIA methods. In this study, we scored and compared a set of breast cancer cases in which manually counted Ki-67 has already been demonstrated to have prognostic value (n = 278) to 5 DIA methods, namely Aperio ePathology (Lieca Biosystems), Definiens Tissue Studio (Definiens AG), Qupath, an unsupervised immunohistochemical color histogram algorithm, and a deep-learning pipeline piNET. The piNET system achieved high agreement (interclass correlation coefficient: 0.850) and correlation (R = 0.85) with the reference score. The Qupath algorithm exhibited a high degree of reproducibility among all rater instances (interclass correlation coefficient: 0.889). Although piNET performed well against absolute manual counts, none of the tested DIA methods classified common Ki-67 cutoffs with high agreement or reached the clinically relevant Cohen's κ of at least 0.8. The highest agreement achieved was a Cohen's κ statistic of 0.73 for cutoffs 20% and 25% by the piNET system. The main contributors to interalgorithmic variation and poor cutoff characterization included heterogeneous tumor biology, varying algorithm implementation, and setting assignments. It appears that image segmentation is the primary explanation for semiautomated intra-algorithmic variation, which involves significant manual intervention to correct. Automated pipelines, such as piNET, may be crucial in developing robust and reproducible unbiased DIA approaches to accurately quantify Ki-67 for clinical diagnosis in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Dawe
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Wei Shi
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Tian Y Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Katherine Lajkosz
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Yukiko Shibahara
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Laboratory Medicine Program, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Nakita E K Gopal
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Rokshana Geread
- Department of Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Canada
| | - Seyed Mirjahanmardi
- Department of Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Canada; Division of Medical Physics, Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Carrie X Wei
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Sehrish Butt
- STTARR Innovation Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Moustafa Abdalla
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Sabrina Manolescu
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Sheng-Ben Liang
- Princess Margaret Cancer Biobank, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Dianne Chadwick
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Laboratory Medicine Program, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada; Princess Margaret Cancer Biobank, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada; Ontario Tumour Bank, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Canada
| | - Michael H A Roehrl
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Laboratory Medicine Program, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada; Princess Margaret Cancer Biobank, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada; Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Trevor D McKee
- STTARR Innovation Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Adewunmi Adeoye
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - David McCready
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - April Khademi
- Department of Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Canada; St Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Fei-Fei Liu
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Anthony Fyles
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Susan J Done
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Laboratory Medicine Program, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada.
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4
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Farooqui N, Zaidi M, Vaughan L, McKee TD, Ahsan E, Pavelko KD, Villasboas JC, Markovic S, Taner T, Leung N, Dong H, Alexander MP, Herrmann SM. Cytokines and Immune Cell Phenotype in Acute Kidney Injury Associated With Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors. Kidney Int Rep 2023; 8:628-641. [PMID: 36938084 PMCID: PMC10014345 DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2022.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) induce impressive antitumor responses but may lead to acute kidney injury (AKI) associated with ICI therapy (AKI-ICI). Biomarkers distinguishing AKI-ICI from AKI because of other causes (AKI-other) are currently lacking. Because ICIs block immunoregulatory pathways, we hypothesized that biomarkers related to immune cell dysregulation, including tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and other markers of B and T cell activation in the systemic circulation and kidney tissue, may aid with the diagnosis of AKI-ICI. Methods This is a prospective study consisting of 24 participants who presented with AKI during ICI therapy, adjudicated to either have AKI-ICI (n = 14) or AKI-other (n = 10). We compared markers of kidney inflammation and injury (neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, kidney injury molecule-1) as well as plasma and urine levels of T cell-associated cytokines (TNF-α, interferon-γ, interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-9, and IL-10) between groups. We also compared T-cell responses in the systemic circulation and in kidney tissue across groups, using mass cytometry systems. Results We observed increase in several specific immune cells, including CD4 memory, T helper cells, and dendritic cells in the kidney tissue, as well as in the urine cytokines IL-2, IL-10, and TNF-α, in patients who developed AKI-ICI compared to patients with AKI-other (P < 0.05 for all). The discriminatory ability of TNF-α on AKI cause was strong (area under the curve = 0.814, 95% confidence interval: 0.623-1.00. The CD4+ T cells with memory phenotype formed the dominant subset. Conclusion These results suggest that specific T-cell responses and their respective cytokines may be indicative of AKI associated with ICI therapy and may help to differentiate AKI-ICI from AKI-other. Urine TNF-α is a promising biomarker for AKI-ICI, which is most often caused by acute interstitial nephritis (AIN), and TNF-α pathway may serve as a potential target for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naba Farooqui
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Mark Zaidi
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lisa Vaughan
- Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Trevor D. McKee
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Deciphex Inc., Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Eram Ahsan
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Kevin D. Pavelko
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | | | | | - Timucin Taner
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Nelson Leung
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Haidong Dong
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Mariam P. Alexander
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Sandra M. Herrmann
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Correspondence: Sandra M. Herrmann, Nephrology and Hypertension Division, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA.
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5
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Jamieson SM, Tsai P, Kondratyev MK, Budhani P, Liu A, Senzer NN, Chiorean EG, Jalal SI, Nemunaitis JJ, Kee D, Shome A, Wong WW, Li D, Poonawala-Lohani N, Kakadia PM, Knowlton NS, Lynch CR, Hong CR, Lee TW, Grénman RA, Caporiccio L, McKee TD, Zaidi M, Butt S, Macann AM, McIvor NP, Chaplin JM, Hicks KO, Bohlander SK, Wouters BG, Hart CP, Print CG, Wilson WR, Curran MA, Hunter FW. Evofosfamide for the treatment of human papillomavirus-negative head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. JCI Insight 2023; 8:169136. [PMID: 36810255 PMCID: PMC9990753 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.169136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
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6
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Siddiqui I, Bilkey J, McKee TD, Serra S, Pintilie M, Do T, Xu J, Tsao MS, Gallinger S, Hill RP, Hedley DW, Dhani NC. Digital quantitative tissue image analysis of hypoxia in resected pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas. Front Oncol 2022; 12:926497. [PMID: 35978831 PMCID: PMC9376475 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.926497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundTumor hypoxia is theorized to contribute to the aggressive biology of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). We previously reported that hypoxia correlated with rapid tumor growth and metastasis in patient-derived xenografts. Anticipating a prognostic relevance of hypoxia in patient tumors, we developed protocols for automated semi-quantitative image analysis to provide an objective, observer-independent measure of hypoxia. We further validated this method which can reproducibly estimate pimonidazole-detectable hypoxia in a high-through put manner.MethodsWe studied the performance of three automated image analysis platforms in scoring pimonidazole-detectable hypoxia in resected PDAC (n = 10) in a cohort of patients enrolled in PIMO-PANC. Multiple stained tumor sections were analyzed on three independent image-analysis platforms, Aperio Genie (AG), Definiens Tissue Studio (TS), and Definiens Developer (DD), which comprised of a customized rule set.ResultsThe output from Aperio Genie (AG) had good concordance with manual scoring, but the workflow was resource-intensive and not suited for high-throughput analysis. TS analysis had high levels of variability related to misclassification of cells class, while the customized rule set of DD had a high level of reliability with an intraclass coefficient of more than 85%.DiscussionThis work demonstrates the feasibility of developing a robust, high-performance pipeline for an automated, quantitative scoring of pimonidazole-detectable hypoxia in patient tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iram Siddiqui
- Department of Pediatric Laboratory Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- *Correspondence: Iram Siddiqui,
| | - Jade Bilkey
- Spatio-temporal Targeting and Amplification of Radiation Response (STTARR), University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Trevor D. McKee
- Spatio-temporal Targeting and Amplification of Radiation Response (STTARR), University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Stefano Serra
- Department of Pathology, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Melania Pintilie
- Department of Biostatistics, The Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Trevor Do
- Spatio-temporal Targeting and Amplification of Radiation Response (STTARR), University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ming-Sound Tsao
- Department of Pathology, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Steve Gallinger
- PanCuRx Translational Research Initiative, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Hepato-Pancreatico-Biliary Surgical Oncology Program, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Richard P. Hill
- Medicine Program, The Princess Margaret Cancer Centre/Ontario Cancer Institute, Radiation Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - David W. Hedley
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Neesha C. Dhani
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
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7
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Lefèvre P, Guizzetti L, McKee TD, Zou G, van Viegen T, McFarlane SC, Shackelton L, Feagan BG, Jairath V, Pai RK, Casteele NV. Development and Validation of a Digital Analysis Method to Quantify CD3-immunostained T Lymphocytes in Whole Slide Images of Crohn's Disease Biopsies. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2022; 30:486-492. [PMID: 35587994 DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000001035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The T-lymphocyte-mediated inflammation in Crohn's disease can be assessed by quantifying CD3-positive T-lymphocyte counts in colonic sections. We developed and validated a process to reliably quantify immunohistochemical marker-positive cells in a high-throughput setting using whole slide images (WSIs) of CD3-immunostained colonic and ileal tissue sections. In regions of interest (ROIs) and/or whole tissue sections of 40 WSIs from 36 patients with Crohn's disease, CD3-positive cells were quantified by an expert gastrointestinal pathologist (gold standard) and by image analysis algorithms developed with software from 3 independent vendors. Semiautomated quantification of CD3-positive cell counts estimated in 1 ROI per section were accurate when compared with manual analysis (Pearson correlation coefficient, 0.877 to 0.925). Biological variability was acceptable in digitally determined CD3-positive cell measures between 2 to 5 ROIs annotated on the same tissue section (coefficient of variation <25%). Results from computer-aided analysis of CD3-positive T lymphocytes in a whole tissue section and the average of results from 2 to 5 ROIs per tissue section lacked reliability (overestimation or underestimation and systematic bias), suggesting that absolute quantification of CD3-positive T lymphocytes in a whole tissue section may be more accurate. Semiautomated image analysis in WSIs demonstrated reproducible CD3-positive cell measures across 3 independent algorithms. A computer-aided digital image analysis method was developed and validated to quantify CD3-positive T lymphocytes in colonic and ileal biopsy sections from patients with Crohn's disease. Results support consideration of this digital analysis method for use in future Crohn's disease clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Trevor D McKee
- STTARR Innovation Core Facility, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Guangyong Zou
- Alimentiv Inc
- Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics
| | | | | | | | - Brian G Feagan
- Alimentiv Inc
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics
- Division of Gastroenterology, Western University, London
| | - Vipul Jairath
- Alimentiv Inc
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics
- Division of Gastroenterology, Western University, London
| | - Rish K Pai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ
| | - Niels Vande Casteele
- Alimentiv Inc
- Department of Medicine, IBD Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
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8
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Fu F, Guenther A, Sakhdari A, McKee TD, Xia D. Deep Learning Accurately Quantifies Plasma Cell Percentages on CD138-Stained Bone Marrow Samples. J Pathol Inform 2022; 13:100011. [PMID: 35242448 PMCID: PMC8873946 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpi.2022.100011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The diagnosis of plasma cell neoplasms requires accurate, and ideally precise, percentages. This plasma cell percentage is often determined by visual estimation of CD138-stained bone marrow biopsies and clot sections. While not necessarily inaccurate, estimates are by definition imprecise. For this study, we hypothesized that deep learning can be used to improve precision. We trained a semantic segmentation-based convolutional neural network (CNN) using annotations of CD138+ and CD138- cells provided by one pathologist on small image patches of bone marrow and validated the CNN on an independent test set of image patches using annotations from two pathologists and a non-deep learning commercial software. On validation, we found that the intraclass correlation coefficients for plasma cell percentages between the CNN and pathologist #1, a non-deep learning commercial software and pathologist #1, and pathologists #1 and #2 were 0.975, 0.892, and 0.994, respectively. The overall results show that CNN labels were almost as accurate as pathologist labels at a cell-by-cell level. Once satisfied with performance, we scaled-up the CNN to evaluate whole slide images (WSIs), and deployed the system as a workflow friendly web application to measure plasma cell percentages using snapshots taken from microscope cameras.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fred Fu
- STTARR Innovation Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Angela Guenther
- Division of Hematopathology and Transfusion Medicine, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Scarborough Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ali Sakhdari
- Division of Hematopathology and Transfusion Medicine, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Trevor D McKee
- STTARR Innovation Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,HistoWiz Inc., Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Daniel Xia
- Division of Hematopathology and Transfusion Medicine, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
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9
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Kanwar N, Balde Z, Nair R, Dawe M, Chen S, Maganti M, Atenafu EG, Manolescu S, Wei C, Mao A, Fu F, Wang D, Cheung A, Yerofeyeva Y, Peters R, Liu K, Desmedt C, Sotiriou C, Szekely B, Kulka J, McKee TD, Hirano N, Bartlett JM, Yaffe MJ, Bedard PL, McCready D, Done SJ. Heterogeneity of Circulating Tumor Cell-Associated Genomic Gains in Breast Cancer and Its Association with the Host Immune Response. Cancer Res 2021; 81:6196-6206. [PMID: 34711609 PMCID: PMC9397625 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-21-1079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Tumor cells that preferentially enter circulation include the precursors of metastatic cancer. Previously, we characterized circulating tumor cells (CTC) from patients with breast cancer and identified a signature of genomic regions with recurrent copy-number gains. Through FISH, we now show that these CTC-associated regions are detected within the matched untreated primary tumors of these patients (21% to 69%, median 55.5%, n = 19). Furthermore, they are more prevalent in the metastases of patients who died from breast cancer after multiple rounds of treatment (70% to 100%, median 93%, samples n = 41). Diversity indices revealed that higher spatial heterogeneity for these regions within primary tumors is associated with increased dissemination and metastasis. An identified subclone with multiple regions gained (MRG clone) was enriched in a posttreatment primary breast carcinoma as well as multiple metastatic tumors and local breast recurrences obtained at autopsy, indicative of a distinct early subclone with the capability to resist multiple lines of treatment and eventually cause death. In addition, multiplex immunofluorescence revealed that tumor heterogeneity is significantly associated with the degree of infiltration of B lymphocytes in triple-negative breast cancer, a subtype with a large immune component. Collectively, these data reveal the functional potential of genetic subclones that comprise heterogeneous primary breast carcinomas and are selected for in CTCs and posttreatment breast cancer metastases. In addition, they uncover a relationship between tumor heterogeneity and host immune response in the tumor microenvironment. SIGNIFICANCE: As breast cancers progress, they become more heterogeneous for multiple regions amplified in circulating tumor cells, and intratumoral spatial heterogeneity is associated with the immune landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha Kanwar
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Zaldy Balde
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Ranju Nair
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Melanie Dawe
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Shiyi Chen
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Manjula Maganti
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Eshetu G. Atenafu
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Sabrina Manolescu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Carrie Wei
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Amanda Mao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Fred Fu
- STTARR Innovation Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Dan Wang
- Biomarker Imaging Research Laboratory, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
| | - Alison Cheung
- Biomarker Imaging Research Laboratory, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
| | - Yulia Yerofeyeva
- Biomarker Imaging Research Laboratory, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
| | - Rachel Peters
- Biomarker Imaging Research Laboratory, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
| | - Kela Liu
- Biomarker Imaging Research Laboratory, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
| | - Christine Desmedt
- Laboratory for Translational Breast Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Christos Sotiriou
- Laboratory for Translational Breast Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Borbala Szekely
- 2nd Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Janina Kulka
- 2nd Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Trevor D. McKee
- STTARR Innovation Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Naoto Hirano
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - John M.S. Bartlett
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Canada
| | - Martin J. Yaffe
- Biomarker Imaging Research Laboratory, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada.,Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Canada
| | - Philippe L. Bedard
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - David McCready
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Susan J. Done
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada.,Laboratory Medicine Program, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada.,Corresponding Author: Susan J. Done, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, 610 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2M9, Canada. Phone: 416-340-4800, ext. 5573; E-mail:
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10
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Zaidi M, Lombard P, Mansouri S, Zadeh G, McKee TD, Wouters BG. Abstract LBA029: Development of computational tools for evaluating differential protein expression relative to spatial oxygen gradients using imaging mass cytometry. Mol Cancer Ther 2021. [DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.targ-21-lba029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The solid tumor microenvironment is highly heterogeneous, conferring numerous differences in tumor cell gene expression and phenotype. One predominant driver of this heterogeneity is variable oxygenation. Low oxygen, termed hypoxia, has been shown to increase metastasis, radiation resistance, and lead to an overall poor patient prognosis. Characterizing hypoxia in patients can be used to personalize an adjuvant therapy targeting resistant hypoxic cell populations, which may otherwise survive conventional therapies. Because of the spatial heterogeneity intrinsic to hypoxia, current approaches to measure hypoxia, such as using polarographic oxygen electrodes, may underestimate the severity of hypoxia. Endogenous markers such as CA9 and VEGFA provide some semblance of evaluating hypoxia, however expression of such markers is not always solely driven by oxygenation. Multiple markers in tandem may prove to be a more reliable metric for evaluating hypoxia than individual markers alone. Here, we present an open-source collection of QuPath and Python scripts for analyzing differential protein expression relative to hypoxia gradients for imaging mass cytometry (IMC) data. IMC enables highly multiplexed imaging of tissue sections at the single cell resolution, with no spectral overlap of immunohistochemical markers. This is achieved through substitution of fluorophores with unique isotopes of heavy metals, and a mass spectrometer in place of a conventional fluorescent microscope. Previous work in our lab has identified 17 markers with extensive heterogeneity in clinical glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) patient samples. Pimonidazole, an exogenous hypoxia probe, has been administered to these patients, and is detectable through immunohistochemical techniques such as IMC. Serving as our ground truth for hypoxia, we conduct a differential gene expression analysis across regions of relative hypoxia for all markers in our panel, using a variety of supervised and unsupervised tools available in the open-source digital pathology platform QuPath, and through custom data visualization and statistical analysis tools built in Python. As such, we present an end-to-end image analysis workflow for evaluating hypoxia-regulated differential protein expression of clinical GBM cases imaged through IMC. This method is applicable for evaluating differential gene expression across multiple disease sites, multiplexed imaging modalities, and histomorphological regions of interest. Such computational methods enable high throughput biomarker discovery, while also being used to elucidate novel oxygen-dependent biological pathways.
Citation Format: Mark Zaidi, Phoebe Lombard, Sheila Mansouri, Gelareh Zadeh, Trevor D McKee, Bradly G Wouters. Development of computational tools for evaluating differential protein expression relative to spatial oxygen gradients using imaging mass cytometry [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC Virtual International Conference on Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2021 Oct 7-10. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2021;20(12 Suppl):Abstract nr LBA029.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Zaidi
- 1University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada,
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11
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Alexander MP, Mangalaparthi KK, Madugundu AK, Moyer AM, Adam BA, Mengel M, Singh S, Herrmann SM, Rule AD, Cheek EH, Herrera Hernandez LP, Graham RP, Aleksandar D, Aubry MC, Roden AC, Hagen CE, Quinton RA, Bois MC, Lin PT, Maleszewski JJ, Cornell LD, Sethi S, Pavelko KD, Charlesworth J, Narasimhan R, Larsen CP, Rizza SA, Nasr SH, Grande JP, McKee TD, Badley AD, Pandey A, Taner T. Acute Kidney Injury in Severe COVID-19 Has Similarities to Sepsis-Associated Kidney Injury: A Multi-Omics Study. Mayo Clin Proc 2021; 96:2561-2575. [PMID: 34425963 PMCID: PMC8279954 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2021.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) acute kidney injury (AKI) to sepsis-AKI (S-AKI). The morphology and transcriptomic and proteomic characteristics of autopsy kidneys were analyzed. PATIENTS AND METHODS Individuals 18 years of age and older who died from COVID-19 and had an autopsy performed at Mayo Clinic between April 2020 to October 2020 were included. Morphological evaluation of the kidneys of 17 individuals with COVID-19 was performed. In a subset of seven COVID-19 cases with postmortem interval of less than or equal to 20 hours, ultrastructural and molecular characteristics (targeted transcriptome and proteomics analyses of tubulointerstitium) were evaluated. Molecular characteristics were compared with archived cases of S-AKI and nonsepsis causes of AKI. RESULTS The spectrum of COVID-19 renal pathology included macrophage-dominant microvascular inflammation (glomerulitis and peritubular capillaritis), vascular dysfunction (peritubular capillary congestion and endothelial injury), and tubular injury with ultrastructural evidence of mitochondrial damage. Investigation of the spatial architecture using a novel imaging mass cytometry revealed enrichment of CD3+CD4+ T cells in close proximity to antigen-presenting cells, and macrophage-enriched glomerular and interstitial infiltrates, suggesting an innate and adaptive immune tissue response. Coronavirus disease 2019 AKI and S-AKI, as compared to nonseptic AKI, had an enrichment of transcriptional pathways involved in inflammation (apoptosis, autophagy, major histocompatibility complex class I and II, and type 1 T helper cell differentiation). Proteomic pathway analysis showed that COVID-19 AKI and to a lesser extent S-AKI were enriched in necroptosis and sirtuin-signaling pathways, both involved in regulatory response to inflammation. Upregulation of the ceramide-signaling pathway and downregulation of oxidative phosphorylation in COVID-19 AKI were noted. CONCLUSION This data highlights the similarities between S-AKI and COVID-19 AKI and suggests that mitochondrial dysfunction may play a pivotal role in COVID-19 AKI. This data may allow the development of novel diagnostic and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam P Alexander
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
| | - Kiran K Mangalaparthi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Karnataka, India; Amrita School of Biotechnology, Kerala, India
| | - Anil K Madugundu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Karnataka, India; Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India; Center for Molecular Medicine, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Karnataka, India
| | - Ann M Moyer
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Benjamin A Adam
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Michael Mengel
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Smrita Singh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Karnataka, India; Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India; Center for Molecular Medicine, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Karnataka, India
| | - Sandra M Herrmann
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Andrew D Rule
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - E Heidi Cheek
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Rondell P Graham
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Denic Aleksandar
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Anja C Roden
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Catherine E Hagen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Reade A Quinton
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Melanie C Bois
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Peter T Lin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Joseph J Maleszewski
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Lynn D Cornell
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Sanjeev Sethi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Jon Charlesworth
- Microscopy and Cell Analysis Core, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | | | - Stacey A Rizza
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Samih H Nasr
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Joseph P Grande
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Trevor D McKee
- STTARR Innovation Core Facility, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrew D Badley
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Akhilesh Pandey
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Center for Molecular Medicine, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Karnataka, India
| | - Timucin Taner
- Department of Surgery (T.T.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Immunology (T.T.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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12
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Novelli G, Liu J, Biancolella M, Alonzi T, Novelli A, Patten JJ, Cocciadiferro D, Agolini E, Colona VL, Rizzacasa B, Giannini R, Bigio B, Goletti D, Capobianchi MR, Grelli S, Mann J, McKee TD, Cheng K, Amanat F, Krammer F, Guarracino A, Pepe G, Tomino C, Tandjaoui-Lambiotte Y, Uzunhan Y, Tubiana S, Ghosn J, Notarangelo LD, Su HC, Abel L, Cobat A, Elhanan G, Grzymski JJ, Latini A, Sidhu SS, Jain S, Davey RA, Casanova JL, Wei W, Pandolfi PP. Inhibition of HECT E3 ligases as potential therapy for COVID-19. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:310. [PMID: 33762578 PMCID: PMC7987752 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03513-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 is responsible for the ongoing world-wide pandemic which has already taken more than two million lives. Effective treatments are urgently needed. The enzymatic activity of the HECT-E3 ligase family members has been implicated in the cell egression phase of deadly RNA viruses such as Ebola through direct interaction of its VP40 Protein. Here we report that HECT-E3 ligase family members such as NEDD4 and WWP1 interact with and ubiquitylate the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein. Furthermore, we find that HECT family members are overexpressed in primary samples derived from COVID-19 infected patients and COVID-19 mouse models. Importantly, rare germline activating variants in the NEDD4 and WWP1 genes are associated with severe COVID-19 cases. Critically, I3C, a natural NEDD4 and WWP1 inhibitor from Brassicaceae, displays potent antiviral effects and inhibits viral egression. In conclusion, we identify the HECT family members of E3 ligases as likely novel biomarkers for COVID-19, as well as new potential targets of therapeutic strategy easily testable in clinical trials in view of the established well-tolerated nature of the Brassicaceae natural compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Novelli
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University of Rome, 00133, Rome, Italy.
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, (IS), Italy.
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, 89557, USA.
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | | | - Tonino Alonzi
- Translational Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Preclinical Research, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani - IRCCS, 00149, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Novelli
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, 00165, Rome, Italy
| | - J J Patten
- National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dario Cocciadiferro
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, 00165, Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuele Agolini
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, 00165, Rome, Italy
| | - Vito Luigi Colona
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University of Rome, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Barbara Rizzacasa
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University of Rome, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Rosalinda Giannini
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University of Rome, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Benedetta Bigio
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Delia Goletti
- Translational Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Preclinical Research, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani - IRCCS, 00149, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Capobianchi
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Epidemiology and Preclinical Research, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani - IRCCS, 00149, Rome, Italy
| | - Sandro Grelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Tor Vergata University of Rome, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Ke Cheng
- HistoWiz Inc, Brooklyn, NY, 11226, USA
| | - Fatima Amanat
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn school of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Florian Krammer
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn school of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | | | - Gerardo Pepe
- Department of Biology, Tor Vergata University, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Tomino
- San Raffaele University of Rome, 00166, Rome, Italy
| | - Yacine Tandjaoui-Lambiotte
- Intensive Care Unit, Avicenne Hospital, APHP, Bobigny, France
- INSERM U1272 Hypoxia & Lung, Bobigny, France
| | - Yurdagul Uzunhan
- Pneumology Department, Reference Center for Rare Pulmonary Diseases, Hôpital Avicenne, APHP, Bobigny; INSERM UMR1272, Université Paris 13, Bobigny, France
| | - Sarah Tubiana
- Hôpital Bichat Claude Bernard, APHP, Paris, France
- Centre d'investigation Clinique, Inserm CIC, 1425, Paris, France
| | - Jade Ghosn
- Infection, Antimicrobials, Modelling, Evolution (IAME), INSERM, UMRS1137, University of Paris, Paris, France
- AP-HP, Bichat Claude Bernard Hospital, Infectious and Tropical Disease Department, Paris, France
| | | | - Helen C Su
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Laurent Abel
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
- University of Paris, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Aurélie Cobat
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
- University of Paris, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Gai Elhanan
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Desert Research Institute, Reno, NV, 89502, USA
- Renown Institute for Cancer, Nevada System of Higher Education, Reno, NV, 89502, USA
| | - Joseph J Grzymski
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Desert Research Institute, Reno, NV, 89502, USA
- Renown Institute for Cancer, Nevada System of Higher Education, Reno, NV, 89502, USA
| | - Andrea Latini
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University of Rome, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Sachdev S Sidhu
- The Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 3E1 416-946-0863
| | | | - Robert A Davey
- Department of Microbiology Boston University, National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Jean-Laurent Casanova
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
- University of Paris, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wenyi Wei
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Pier Paolo Pandolfi
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
- Renown Institute for Cancer, Nevada System of Higher Education, Reno, NV, 89502, USA.
- MBC, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, TO, 10126, Italy.
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13
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Zaidi M, Cui H, Wang B, McKee TD, Wouters BG. Abstract PO-018: Computational staining of tumor hypoxia from H&E images using convolutional neural networks. Clin Cancer Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1158/1557-3265.adi21-po-018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Heterogeneity in the tumor environment can be driven by multiple biochemical processes, such as immune infiltration, cell-to-cell genetic variation, and oxygenation gradients. Low oxygen, termed hypoxia, has been strongly correlated with metastasis, radiation resistance, and poor prognosis. One ongoing challenge is determining the magnitude of how hypoxia influences treatment response relative to other features, such as proliferation and micro vessel density. While it is possible to stain banked tissue for these markers, it is challenging to stain for endogenous markers of hypoxia. Exogenous probes have been developed to overcome this barrier; however, most clinical samples lack such probes. Previously, we have shown that spatial distributions of hypoxia correlate with morphological features of the tumor, such as necrosis and vasculature. Some of these features can be identified in hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-stained sections, present for nearly all tumor samples. We hypothesize that a trained machine learning algorithm can be used to accurately predict hypoxia distributions given an H&E-stained section. Colorectal, pancreatic, and ovarian cancer cell line xenografts were cut and stained for markers of hypoxia, proliferation, perfusion, vasculature, and H&E. Binary masks of necrosis were generated, and together with the H&E and hypoxia images, were used to train a convolutional neural network. Once the model had been trained, a fairly precise prediction (MSE <0.012) had been obtained relative to the ground-truth hypoxia stained images. We believe a model trained on clinical H&E and hypoxia sections can be used to accurately predict hypoxia distributions from a H&E section. Predicted hypoxia distributions from existing H&E histology can be used to evaluate the influence of hypoxia on treatment outcome, by retroactively comparing a patient’s prognosis with levels of hypoxia. Correlations between hypoxia and prognostic measures such as tumor volume after irradiation, would indicate hypoxia may have modulated the efficacy of the treatment. Thus, computational stain prediction of hypoxia can serve as an invaluable tool in closing the gap between preclinical and clinical implementations of hypoxia-targeted therapies.
Citation Format: Mark Zaidi, Haotian Cui, Bo Wang, Trevor D. McKee, Bradly G. Wouters. Computational staining of tumor hypoxia from H&E images using convolutional neural networks [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Special Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Diagnosis, and Imaging; 2021 Jan 13-14. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2021;27(5_Suppl):Abstract nr PO-018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Zaidi
- 1University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada,
| | - Haotian Cui
- 1University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada,
| | - Bo Wang
- 1University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada,
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14
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Wu Q, Ba-Alawi W, Deblois G, Cruickshank J, Duan S, Lima-Fernandes E, Haight J, Tonekaboni SAM, Fortier AM, Kuasne H, McKee TD, Mahmoud H, Kushida M, Cameron S, Dogan-Artun N, Chen W, Nie Y, Zhang LX, Vellanki RN, Zhou S, Prinos P, Wouters BG, Dirks PB, Done SJ, Park M, Cescon DW, Haibe-Kains B, Lupien M, Arrowsmith CH. GLUT1 inhibition blocks growth of RB1-positive triple negative breast cancer. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4205. [PMID: 32826891 PMCID: PMC7442809 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18020-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a deadly form of breast cancer due to the development of resistance to chemotherapy affecting over 30% of patients. New therapeutics and companion biomarkers are urgently needed. Recognizing the elevated expression of glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1, encoded by SLC2A1) and associated metabolic dependencies in TNBC, we investigated the vulnerability of TNBC cell lines and patient-derived samples to GLUT1 inhibition. We report that genetic or pharmacological inhibition of GLUT1 with BAY-876 impairs the growth of a subset of TNBC cells displaying high glycolytic and lower oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) rates. Pathway enrichment analysis of gene expression data suggests that the functionality of the E2F pathway may reflect to some extent OXPHOS activity. Furthermore, the protein levels of retinoblastoma tumor suppressor (RB1) strongly correlate with the degree of sensitivity to GLUT1 inhibition in TNBC, where RB1-negative cells are insensitive to GLUT1 inhibition. Collectively, our results highlight a strong and targetable RB1-GLUT1 metabolic axis in TNBC and warrant clinical evaluation of GLUT1 inhibition in TNBC patients stratified according to RB1 protein expression levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Wu
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, M5G 1L7, ON, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5G 2M9, ON, Canada
| | - Wail Ba-Alawi
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, M5G 1L7, ON, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5G 2M9, ON, Canada
| | - Genevieve Deblois
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, M5G 1L7, ON, Canada
| | - Jennifer Cruickshank
- The Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Shili Duan
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, M5G 1L7, ON, Canada
| | - Evelyne Lima-Fernandes
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, M5G 1L7, ON, Canada
| | - Jillian Haight
- The Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Seyed Ali Madani Tonekaboni
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, M5G 1L7, ON, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5G 2M9, ON, Canada
| | - Anne-Marie Fortier
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Hellen Kuasne
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Trevor D McKee
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, M5G 1L7, ON, Canada
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, STTARR Innovation Facility, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Hassan Mahmoud
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, M5G 1L7, ON, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5G 2M9, ON, Canada
- Faculty of Computer and Informatics, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
| | - Michelle Kushida
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program and Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain tumor Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Sarina Cameron
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, M5G 1L7, ON, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5G 2M9, ON, Canada
| | - Nergiz Dogan-Artun
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, M5G 1L7, ON, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5G 2M9, ON, Canada
| | - WenJun Chen
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Yan Nie
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, M5G 1L7, ON, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5G 2M9, ON, Canada
| | - Lan Xin Zhang
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Ravi N Vellanki
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, M5G 1L7, ON, Canada
| | - Stanley Zhou
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, M5G 1L7, ON, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5G 2M9, ON, Canada
| | - Panagiotis Prinos
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Bradly G Wouters
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, M5G 1L7, ON, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5G 2M9, ON, Canada
| | - Peter B Dirks
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program and Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain tumor Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada
- Division of Neurosurgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
- Departments of Molecular Genetics and Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S1A8, Canada
| | - Susan J Done
- The Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Morag Park
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - David W Cescon
- The Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Benjamin Haibe-Kains
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, M5G 1L7, ON, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5G 2M9, ON, Canada
- Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5T 3A1, ON, Canada
- Ontario Institue for Cancer Research, Toronto, M5G 2M9, ON, Canada
- Vector Institute for Artificial Intelligence, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mathieu Lupien
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, M5G 1L7, ON, Canada.
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5G 2M9, ON, Canada.
- Ontario Institue for Cancer Research, Toronto, M5G 2M9, ON, Canada.
| | - Cheryl H Arrowsmith
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada.
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, M5G 1L7, ON, Canada.
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5G 2M9, ON, Canada.
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15
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Abyaneh HS, Regenold M, McKee TD, Allen C, Gauthier MA. Towards extracellular matrix normalization for improved treatment of solid tumors. Theranostics 2020; 10:1960-1980. [PMID: 32042347 PMCID: PMC6993244 DOI: 10.7150/thno.39995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
It is currently challenging to eradicate cancer. In the case of solid tumors, the dense and aberrant extracellular matrix (ECM) is a major contributor to the heterogeneous distribution of small molecule drugs and nano-formulations, which makes certain areas of the tumor difficult to treat. As such, much research is devoted to characterizing this matrix and devising strategies to modify its properties as a means to facilitate the improved penetration of drugs and their nano-formulations. This contribution presents the current state of knowledge on the composition of normal ECM and changes to ECM that occur during the pathological progression of cancer. It also includes discussion of strategies designed to modify the composition/properties of the ECM as a means to enhance the penetration and transport of drugs and nano-formulations within solid tumors. Moreover, a discussion of approaches to image the ECM, as well as ways to monitor changes in the ECM as a function of time are presented, as these are important for the implementation of ECM-modifying strategies within therapeutic interventions. Overall, considering the complexity of the ECM, its variability within different tissues, and the multiple pathways by which homeostasis is maintained (both in normal and malignant tissues), the available literature - while promising - suggests that improved monitoring of ECM remodeling in vivo is needed to harness the described strategies to their full potential, and match them with an appropriate chemotherapy regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoda Soleymani Abyaneh
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), EMT Research Center, 1650 boul. Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, J3X 1S2, Canada
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, 144 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Maximilian Regenold
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, 144 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Trevor D. McKee
- STTARR Innovation Centre, University Health Network, 101 College Street Room 7-504, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Christine Allen
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, 144 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Marc A. Gauthier
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), EMT Research Center, 1650 boul. Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, J3X 1S2, Canada
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16
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Zaidi M, Fu F, Cojocari D, McKee TD, Wouters BG. Quantitative Visualization of Hypoxia and Proliferation Gradients Within Histological Tissue Sections. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2019; 7:397. [PMID: 31867322 PMCID: PMC6906162 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2019.00397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The formation of hypoxic microenvironments within solid tumors is known to contribute to radiation resistance, chemotherapy resistance, immune suppression, increased metastasis, and an overall poor prognosis. It is therefore crucial to understand the spatial and molecular mechanisms that contribute to tumor hypoxia formation to improve the efficacy of radiation treatment, develop hypoxia-directed therapies, and increase patient survival. The objective of this study is to present a number of complementary novel methods for quantifying tumor hypoxia and proliferation in multiplexed immunofluorescence images, especially in relation to the location of perfused blood vessels. A standard marker analysis strategy is to take a positive pixel count approach, in which a threshold for positive stain is used to compute a positive area fraction for hypoxia. This work is a reassessment of that approach, utilizing not only cell segmentation but also distance to nearest blood vessel in order to incorporate spatial information into the analysis. We describe a reproducible pipeline for the visualization and quantitative analysis of hypoxia using a vessel distance analysis approach. This methodological pipeline can serve to further elucidate the relationship between vessel distance and microenvironment-linked markers such as hypoxia and proliferation, can help to quantify parameters relating to oxygen consumption and hypoxic tolerance in tissues, as well as potentially serve as a hypothesis generating tool for future studies testing hypoxia-linked markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Zaidi
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,STTARR Innovation Centre, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Fred Fu
- STTARR Innovation Centre, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Dan Cojocari
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Trevor D McKee
- STTARR Innovation Centre, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Bradly G Wouters
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,STTARR Innovation Centre, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
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17
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de Perrot M, Wu L, Cabanero M, Perentes JY, McKee TD, Donahoe L, Bradbury P, Kohno M, Chan ML, Murakami J, Keshavjee S, Tsao MS, Cho BCJ. Prognostic influence of tumor microenvironment after hypofractionated radiation and surgery for mesothelioma. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2019; 159:2082-2091.e1. [PMID: 31866087 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2019.10.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cytotoxic CD8+ tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) can contribute to the benefit of hypofractionated radiation, but programmed cell death pathways (programmed cell death 1 and programmed cell death ligand 1 [PD-1/PD-L1]) may provide a mechanism of tumor immune escape. We therefore reviewed the influence of PD-1/PD-L1 and CD8+ TILs on survival after accelerated hypofractionated hemithoracic radiation followed by extrapleural pneumonectomy for malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM). METHODS Sixty-nine consecutive patients undergoing the protocol of Surgery for Mesothelioma after Radiation Therapy (SMART) between November 2008 and February 2016 were analyzed for the presence of PD-L1 on tumor cells, PD-1 on inflammatory cells, and CD8+ TILs. Comparison was made with a cohort of patients undergoing extrapleural pneumonectomy after induction chemotherapy (n = 14) and no induction (n = 2) between March 2005 and October 2008. PD-L1 expression on tumor cells ≥1% was considered positive. CD8+ TILs and PD-1 expression were scored as a percentage of positive cells. RESULTS PD-L1 was negative in 75% of MPM after completion of SMART. CD8+ TILs ranged between 0.24% and 8.47% (median 2%). CD8+ TILs ≥2% was associated with significantly better survival in epithelioid MPM (median survival 3.7 years vs 2.3 years in CD8+ TILs <2%; P = .02). PD-L1 positivity was associated with worse survival in biphasic MPM (median survival, 0.4 years vs 1.5 years in biphasic PD-L1 negative tumors; P = .07) after SMART. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that epithelioid MPM, nodal disease, and CD8+ TILs were independent predictors of survival after SMART. CONCLUSIONS The influence of tumor microenvironment on survival differs between epithelioid and nonepithelioid MPM. CD8+ TILs is an independent factor associated with better survival in epithelioid MPM treated with SMART.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc de Perrot
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Latner Thoracic Surgery Laboratories, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Licun Wu
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Laboratories, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael Cabanero
- Department of Pathology, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - J Yannis Perentes
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Trevor D McKee
- STTARR Program, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Laura Donahoe
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Penelope Bradbury
- Division of Medical Oncology, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mikihiro Kohno
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Laboratories, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mei-Lin Chan
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Laboratories, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Junichi Murakami
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Laboratories, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shaf Keshavjee
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Latner Thoracic Surgery Laboratories, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ming-Sound Tsao
- Department of Pathology, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - B C John Cho
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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18
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Yoon N, Dadson K, Dang T, Chu T, Noskovicova N, Hinz B, Raignault A, Thorin E, Kim S, Jeon JS, Jonkman J, McKee TD, Grant J, Peterson JD, Kelly SP, Sweeney G. Tracking adiponectin biodistribution via fluorescence molecular tomography indicates increased vascular permeability after streptozotocin-induced diabetes. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2019; 317:E760-E772. [PMID: 31310580 PMCID: PMC6879865 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00564.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Adiponectin, a highly abundant polypeptide hormone in plasma, plays an important role in the regulation of energy metabolism in a wide variety of tissues, as well as providing important beneficial effects in diabetes, inflammation, and cardiovascular disease. To act on target tissues, adiponectin must move from the circulation to the interstitial space, suggesting that vascular permeability plays an important role in regulating adiponectin action. To test this hypothesis, fluorescently labeled adiponectin was used to monitor its biodistribution in mice with streptozotocin-induced diabetes (STZD). Adiponectin was, indeed, found to have increased sequestration in the highly fenestrated liver and other tissues within 90 min in STZD mice. In addition, increased myocardial adiponectin was detected and confirmed using computed tomography (CT) coregistration. This provided support of adiponectin delivery to affected cardiac tissue as a cardioprotective mechanism. Higher adiponectin content in the STZD heart tissues was further examined by ex vivo fluorescence molecular tomography (FMT) imaging, immunohistochemistry, and Western blot analysis. In vitro mechanistic studies using an endothelial monolayer on inserts and three-dimensional microvascular networks on microfluidic chips further confirmed that adiponectin flux was increased by high glucose. However, in the in vitro model and mouse heart tissue, high glucose levels did not change adiponectin receptor levels. An examination of the tight junction (TJ) complex revealed a decrease in the TJ protein claudin (CLDN)-7 in high glucose-treated endothelial cells, and the functional significance of this change was underscored by increased endothelium permeability upon siRNA-mediated knockdown of CLDN-7. Our data support the idea that glucose-induced effects on permeability of the vascular endothelium contribute to the actions of adiponectin by regulating its transendothelial movement from blood to the interstitial space. These observations are physiologically significant and critical when considering ways to harness the therapeutic potential of adiponectin for diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanyoung Yoon
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, Canada
| | - Keith Dadson
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, Canada
| | - Thanh Dang
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, Canada
| | - Teresa Chu
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Boris Hinz
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Eric Thorin
- Montreal Heart Institute, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Seunggyu Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- KAIST Institute for Health Science and Technology, Korea & Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jessie S Jeon
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- KAIST Institute for Health Science and Technology, Korea & Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - James Jonkman
- Advanced Optical Microscopy Facility, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Trevor D McKee
- Spatio-temporal Targeting and Amplification of Radiation Response, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Justin Grant
- Spatio-temporal Targeting and Amplification of Radiation Response, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Jeffrey D Peterson
- Applied Biology, Life Sciences & Technology, PerkinElmer, Hopkinton, Massachusetts
| | - Scott P Kelly
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, Canada
| | - Gary Sweeney
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, Canada
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19
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Saw S, Aiken A, Fang H, McKee TD, Bregant S, Sanchez O, Chen Y, Weiss A, Dickson BC, Czarny B, Sinha A, Fosang A, Dive V, Waterhouse PD, Kislinger T, Khokha R. Metalloprotease inhibitor TIMP proteins control FGF-2 bioavailability and regulate skeletal growth. J Cell Biol 2019; 218:3134-3152. [PMID: 31371388 PMCID: PMC6719459 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201906059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Saw et al. show via the combinatorial deletion of Timp family members in mice that metalloprotease regulation of FGF-2 is a crucial event in the chondrocyte maturation program, underlying the growth plate development and bone elongation responsible for attaining proper body stature. Regulated growth plate activity is essential for postnatal bone development and body stature, yet the systems regulating epiphyseal fusion are poorly understood. Here, we show that the tissue inhibitors of metalloprotease (TIMP) gene family is essential for normal bone growth after birth. Whole-body quadruple-knockout mice lacking all four TIMPs have growth plate closure in long bones, precipitating limb shortening, epiphyseal distortion, and widespread chondrodysplasia. We identify TIMP/FGF-2/IHH as a novel nexus underlying bone lengthening where TIMPs negatively regulate the release of FGF-2 from chondrocytes to allow IHH expression. Using a knock-in approach that combines MMP-resistant or ADAMTS-resistant aggrecans with TIMP deficiency, we uncouple growth plate activity in axial and appendicular bones. Thus, natural metalloprotease inhibitors are crucial regulators of chondrocyte maturation program, growth plate integrity, and skeletal proportionality. Furthermore, individual and combinatorial TIMP-deficient mice demonstrate the redundancy of metalloprotease inhibitor function in embryonic and postnatal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Saw
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre/Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Alison Aiken
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre/Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Hui Fang
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre/Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Trevor D McKee
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre/Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Otto Sanchez
- University of Ontario Institute of Technology, Oshawa, Canada
| | - Yan Chen
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre/Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Ashley Weiss
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre/Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | | | | | - Ankit Sinha
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre/Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Amanda Fosang
- University of Melbourne Department of Paediatrics and Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Vincent Dive
- Institute of Biology and Technology, Saclay, France
| | - Paul D Waterhouse
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre/Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Thomas Kislinger
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre/Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Rama Khokha
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre/Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
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20
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Ramaglia V, Sheikh-Mohamed S, Legg K, Park C, Rojas OL, Zandee S, Fu F, Ornatsky O, Swanson EC, Pitt D, Prat A, McKee TD, Gommerman JL. Multiplexed imaging of immune cells in staged multiple sclerosis lesions by mass cytometry. eLife 2019; 8:48051. [PMID: 31368890 PMCID: PMC6707785 DOI: 10.7554/elife.48051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is characterized by demyelinated and inflammatory lesions in the brain and spinal cord that are highly variable in terms of cellular content. Here, we used imaging mass cytometry (IMC) to enable the simultaneous imaging of 15+ proteins within staged MS lesions. To test the potential for IMC to discriminate between different types of lesions, we selected a case with severe rebound MS disease activity after natalizumab cessation. With post-acquisition analysis pipelines we were able to: (1) Discriminate demyelinating macrophages from the resident microglial pool; (2) Determine which types of lymphocytes reside closest to blood vessels; (3) Identify multiple subsets of T and B cells, and (4) Ascertain dynamics of T cell phenotypes vis-à-vis lesion type and location. We propose that IMC will enable a comprehensive analysis of single-cell phenotypes, their functional states and cell-cell interactions in relation to lesion morphometry and demyelinating activity in MS patients. It takes an army of immune cells to defend the body against infection. But sometimes the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells and chronic inflammatory conditions develop. In multiple sclerosis – also known as “MS” – a horde of immune cells infiltrate the brain and spinal cord, forming lesions which strip nerve cells of their insultation, a protective fatty material called myelin. Nerve cells become damaged, scarred and exposed, and this interferes with messages between the brain and other parts of the body. Advanced imaging techniques have revolutionized the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis by capturing lesions as they develop in the brain and spinal cord. Researchers have also focused their efforts on understanding how immune cells activated in the blood stream invade the central nervous system. To better understand how a mistaken immune response leads to nerve damage in multiple sclerosis, a forensic examination of which immune cells accumulate in brain tissue to form lesions is needed. Standard techniques for analyzing whole tissue samples are however limited by design, capable of detecting only a few cell markers in one section of tissue. Ramaglia et al. have now validated a new imaging technique for looking at an array of cell types in brain tissue in a single sample. The technique – called imaging mass cytometry (or IMC for short) – was used to look at post-mortem brain tissue from a multiple sclerosis patient with an acute form of the illness. The tissue examined had multiple sclerosis lesions present. Different types of immune cells were simultaneously identified and characterized using a panel of antibodies which recognize the signature proteins each immune cell makes when active. The state of the underlying myelin content of the tissue was also characterized. The imaging approach could distinguish between the immune cells of the brain (known as resident microglia) and a type of white blood cell summoned as part of the immune response (infiltrating macrophages). The analysis showed that, in the particular patient examined, microglia are abundant in active lesions in multiple sclerosis; also, different subsets of white blood cells were detected. Measuring how far different immune cells had migrated from nearby blood vessels added insights as to how immune cells move through the brain and which cells may have arrived first. Altogether, Ramaglia et al. have shown that IMC can be used as a discovery tool to gain a deeper understanding of multiple sclerosis lesions and immune cells active in the inflamed brain. Further work will apply this now validated imaging approach to large cohorts of multiple sclerosis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Ramaglia
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Karen Legg
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Calvin Park
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, United States
| | - Olga L Rojas
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Stephanie Zandee
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Fred Fu
- STTARR Innovation Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | | | | | - David Pitt
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, United States
| | - Alexandre Prat
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Trevor D McKee
- STTARR Innovation Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
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21
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Novak G, Stevens T, Van Viegen T, Bossuyt P, Štabuc B, Jeyarajah J, Zou G, Gaemers IC, McKee TD, Fu F, Shackelton LM, Khanna R, van den Brink GR, Sandborn WJ, Feagan BG, Pai RK, Jairath V, Vande Casteele N, D'Haens G. Evaluation of optimal biopsy location for assessment of histological activity, transcriptomic and immunohistochemical analyses in patients with active Crohn's disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2019; 49:1401-1409. [PMID: 30983024 DOI: 10.1111/apt.15250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The appropriate location for biopsy procurement relative to an ulcer in active Crohn's disease is unknown. AIM To explore the relationship between biopsy location, histological disease activity, proinflammatory gene expression and the presence of inflammatory cells. METHODS Fifty-one patients with Crohn's disease and ulcers >0.5 cm diameter in the colon and/or ileum were prospectively enrolled at three centres. Biopsies were obtained from 0 mm, 7 to 8 mm and 21 to 24 mm from the edge of the largest ulcer. Histological activity was blindly assessed with the Global Histological Disease Activity Score, the Robarts Histopathology and Nancy Histological indices. Messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) levels for interleukins-6, -8 and -23 (p19 and p40 subunits), CD31 and S100A9 were measured using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The number of CD3+, CD68+ and myeloperoxidase-positive cells was quantified by immunohistochemistry. Data were analysed using mixed models with location and segment as fixed effects and patients as random effect to account for correlation among segments within a patient. RESULTS Histological disease activity scores (P < 0.0001), proinflammatory gene expression levels (P < 0.005) and numbers of myeloperoxidase-positive cells (P < 0.0001) were highest in biopsies from the ulcer edge in the colon and ileum, with decreasing gradients observed with distance from the edge (P < 0.05). No differences between colonic and ileal samples were detected for the parameters measured at any location. CONCLUSIONS Biopsies from the ulcer edge in patients with Crohn's disease yielded the greatest histological disease activity and mRNA levels and had similar readouts in the colon and ileum. Research is needed to confirm this conclusion for other measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregor Novak
- Robarts Clinical Trials Inc, London, ON, Canada.,Department of Gastroenterology, Ljubljana University Medical Centre, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Toer Stevens
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Centre, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Borut Štabuc
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ljubljana University Medical Centre, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Guangyong Zou
- Robarts Clinical Trials Inc, London, ON, Canada.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Ingrid C Gaemers
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Trevor D McKee
- STTARR Innovation Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Fred Fu
- STTARR Innovation Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Reena Khanna
- Robarts Clinical Trials Inc, London, ON, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Gijs R van den Brink
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Centre, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - William J Sandborn
- Robarts Clinical Trials Inc, London, ON, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Brian G Feagan
- Robarts Clinical Trials Inc, London, ON, Canada.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Rish K Pai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona
| | - Vipul Jairath
- Robarts Clinical Trials Inc, London, ON, Canada.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Niels Vande Casteele
- Robarts Clinical Trials Inc, London, ON, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Geert D'Haens
- Robarts Clinical Trials Inc, London, ON, Canada.,Inflammatory Bowel Disease Centre, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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22
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Jamieson SM, Tsai P, Kondratyev MK, Budhani P, Liu A, Senzer NN, Chiorean EG, Jalal SI, Nemunaitis JJ, Kee D, Shome A, Wong WW, Li D, Poonawala-Lohani N, Kakadia PM, Knowlton NS, Lynch CR, Hong CR, Lee TW, Grénman RA, Caporiccio L, McKee TD, Zaidi M, Butt S, Macann AM, McIvor NP, Chaplin JM, Hicks KO, Bohlander SK, Wouters BG, Hart CP, Print CG, Wilson WR, Curran MA, Hunter FW. Evofosfamide for the treatment of human papillomavirus-negative head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. JCI Insight 2018; 3:122204. [PMID: 30135316 PMCID: PMC6141174 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.122204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Evofosfamide (TH-302) is a clinical-stage hypoxia-activated prodrug of a DNA-crosslinking nitrogen mustard that has potential utility for human papillomavirus (HPV) negative head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), in which tumor hypoxia limits treatment outcome. We report the preclinical efficacy, target engagement, preliminary predictive biomarkers and initial clinical activity of evofosfamide for HPV-negative HNSCC. Evofosfamide was assessed in 22 genomically characterized cell lines and 7 cell line-derived xenograft (CDX), patient-derived xenograft (PDX), orthotopic, and syngeneic tumor models. Biomarker analysis used RNA sequencing, whole-exome sequencing, and whole-genome CRISPR knockout screens. Five advanced/metastatic HNSCC patients received evofosfamide monotherapy (480 mg/m2 qw × 3 each month) in a phase 2 study. Evofosfamide was potent and highly selective for hypoxic HNSCC cells. Proliferative rate was a predominant evofosfamide sensitivity determinant and a proliferation metagene correlated with activity in CDX models. Evofosfamide showed efficacy as monotherapy and with radiotherapy in PDX models, augmented CTLA-4 blockade in syngeneic tumors, and reduced hypoxia in nodes disseminated from an orthotopic model. Of 5 advanced HNSCC patients treated with evofosfamide, 2 showed partial responses while 3 had stable disease. In conclusion, evofosfamide shows promising efficacy in aggressive HPV-negative HNSCC, with predictive biomarkers in development to support further clinical evaluation in this indication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Mf Jamieson
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Peter Tsai
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Maria K Kondratyev
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Pratha Budhani
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Arthur Liu
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Neil N Senzer
- Mary Crowley Cancer Research Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - E Gabriela Chiorean
- Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.,Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Shadia I Jalal
- Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - John J Nemunaitis
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Dennis Kee
- LabPLUS, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Avik Shome
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Way W Wong
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Dan Li
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Purvi M Kakadia
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Nicholas S Knowlton
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Courtney Rh Lynch
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Cho R Hong
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Tet Woo Lee
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Reidar A Grénman
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Laura Caporiccio
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Trevor D McKee
- STTARR Innovation Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mark Zaidi
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,STTARR Innovation Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sehrish Butt
- STTARR Innovation Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrew Mj Macann
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Nicholas P McIvor
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - John M Chaplin
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Kevin O Hicks
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Stefan K Bohlander
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Bradly G Wouters
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Charles P Hart
- Threshold Pharmaceuticals, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Cristin G Print
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - William R Wilson
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Michael A Curran
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Francis W Hunter
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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23
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Bteich J, Ernsting MJ, Mohammed M, Kiyota T, McKee TD, Trikha M, Lowman HB, Sokoll KK. Nanoparticle Formulation Derived from Carboxymethyl Cellulose, Polyethylene Glycol, and Cabazitaxel for Chemotherapy Delivery to the Brain. Bioconjug Chem 2018; 29:2009-2020. [PMID: 29734804 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.8b00220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticles provide a unique opportunity to explore the benefits of selective distribution and release of cancer therapeutics at sites of disease through varying particle sizes and compositions that exploit the enhanced permeability of tumor-associated blood vessels. Though delivery of larger as opposed to smaller and/or actively transported molecules to the brain is prima facie a challenging endeavor, we wondered whether nanoparticles could improve the therapeutic index of existing drugs for use in treating brain tumors via these vascular effects. We therefore selected a family of nanoparticles composed of cabazitaxel-carboxymethyl cellulose amphiphilic polymers to investigate the potential for delivering a brain-penetrant taxane to intracranial brain tumors in mice. Among a small set of nanoparticle formulations, we found evidence for nanoparticle accumulation in the brain, and one such formulation demonstrated activity in an orthotopic model of glioma, suggesting that such nanoparticles could be useful for the treatment of glioma and brain metastases of other tumor types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Bteich
- Drug Delivery and Formulation, Drug Discovery Program , Ontario Institute for Cancer Research , 101 College Street, Suite 800 , Toronto , Ontario M5G 0A3 , Canada
| | - Mark J Ernsting
- Drug Delivery and Formulation, Drug Discovery Program , Ontario Institute for Cancer Research , 101 College Street, Suite 800 , Toronto , Ontario M5G 0A3 , Canada.,Faculty of Engineering and Architectural Science , Ryerson University , Toronto , Ontario M5B 1Z2 , Canada
| | - Mohammed Mohammed
- Drug Delivery and Formulation, Drug Discovery Program , Ontario Institute for Cancer Research , 101 College Street, Suite 800 , Toronto , Ontario M5G 0A3 , Canada
| | - Taira Kiyota
- Drug Delivery and Formulation, Drug Discovery Program , Ontario Institute for Cancer Research , 101 College Street, Suite 800 , Toronto , Ontario M5G 0A3 , Canada
| | - Trevor D McKee
- STTARR Innovation Centre, Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre , University Health Network , Toronto Ontario M5G 1L7 , Canada
| | - Mohit Trikha
- Triphase Accelerator , 3366 North Torrey Pines Court, Suite 210 , La Jolla , California 92037 , United States
| | - Henry B Lowman
- Triphase Accelerator , 3366 North Torrey Pines Court, Suite 210 , La Jolla , California 92037 , United States
| | - Kenneth K Sokoll
- Fight Against Cancer Innovation Trust , MaRs Centre , West Tower, 661 University Avenue, Suite 510 , Toronto , Ontario M5G 0A3 , Canada
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24
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Rezaeeyan H, Shirzad R, McKee TD, Saki N. Role of chemokines in metastatic niche: new insights along with a diagnostic and prognostic approach. APMIS 2018; 126:359-370. [PMID: 29676815 DOI: 10.1111/apm.12818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Chemokines are cytokines that are involved in the movement of leukocytes and the occurrence of immune responses. It has recently been noted that these cytokines play a role in the movement of cancer cells to different parts of the body and create a suitable environment [i.e. (pre) metastatic niche] for their growth and proliferation. We studied the role of chemokines in the metastasis of cancer cells, as well as their involvement in the proliferation and growth of these cells. Relevant literature was identified by a PubMed search (2005-2017) of English language papers using the terms 'chemokine,' 'metastasis niche,' and 'organotropism.' Based on the nature of cancer cells, the expression of chemokine receptors on these cells leads to metastasis to various organs, which ultimately causes changes in different signaling pathways. Finally, the targeting of chemokines on cancer cells could prevent the metastasis of cancer cells toward different organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Rezaeeyan
- Research Center of Thalassemia & Hemoglobinopathy, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Reza Shirzad
- WHO-Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Rabies, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Trevor D McKee
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, STTARR Innovation Facility, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Najmaldin Saki
- Research Center of Thalassemia & Hemoglobinopathy, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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25
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Rezaeeyan H, Shahrabi S, McKee TD, Saki N. The expression of CD markers in solid tumors: Significance in metastasis and prognostic value. Histol Histopathol 2018; 33:1005-1012. [PMID: 29508889 DOI: 10.14670/hh-11-981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The clusters of differentiations (CDs) are among the surface markers expressed on different cells in the body, which are involved in the communication of cells with each other and the induction of signaling. Moreover, the evaluation of the ectopic expression of these markers in solid tumors has led to the detection of disease in early stages. In this paper, we have examined the effect of CD markers expression on the function of cancer cells, as well as their importance as the diagnostic and prognostic factors for monitoring the progression of solid tumors. MATERIALS AND METHODS Relevant literature was identified by a PubMed search (1988-2017) of English language papers using the terms "CD markers", "diagnostic", "prognostic", "predictive marker" and "solid tumors." DISCUSSION Finally, it can be stated that the evaluation of CDs is not only of diagnostic value at disease onset, but these markers can be used as prognostic and predictive markers to contribute to the treatment of disease and predict its relapse. CONCLUSION Monitoring of tumors progression through CDs expressed on circulating tumor cells could be a new diagnostic and prognostic factor in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Rezaeeyan
- Health Research Institute, Research Center of Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Saeid Shahrabi
- Department of Biochemistry and Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Trevor D McKee
- STTARR Innovation Centre, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Najmaldin Saki
- Health Research Institute, Research Center of Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
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26
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Xia D, Casanova R, Machiraju D, McKee TD, Weder W, Beck AH, Soltermann A. Computationally-Guided Development of a Stromal Inflammation Histologic Biomarker in Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3941. [PMID: 29500362 PMCID: PMC5834457 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-22254-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The goal of this study is to use computational pathology to help guide the development of human-based prognostic H&E biomarker(s) suitable for research and potential clinical use in lung squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). We started with high-throughput computational image analysis with tissue microarrays (TMAs) to screen for histologic features associated with patient overall survival, and found that features related to stromal inflammation were the most strongly prognostic. Based on this, we developed an H&E stromal inflammation (SI) score. The prognostic value of the SI score was validated by two blinded human observers on two large cohorts from a single institution. The SI score was found to be reproducible on TMAs (Spearman rho = 0.88 between the two observers), and highly prognostic (e.g. hazard ratio = 0.32; 95% confidence interval: 0.19-0.54; p-value = 2.5 × 10-5 in multivariate analyses), particularly in comparison to established histologic biomarkers. Guided by downstream molecular/biomarker correlation studies starting with TCGA cases, we investigated the hypothesis that epithelial PD-L1 expression modified the prognostic value of SI. Our research demonstrates that computational pathology can be an efficient hypothesis generator for human pathology research, and support the histologic evaluation of SI as a prognostic biomarker in lung SCCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Xia
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School Boston, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Pathology, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Ruben Casanova
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Trevor D McKee
- STTARR Innovation Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Walter Weder
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andrew H Beck
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School Boston, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alex Soltermann
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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27
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Haynes J, McKee TD, Haller A, Wang Y, Leung C, Gendoo DMA, Lima-Fernandes E, Kreso A, Wolman R, Szentgyorgyi E, Vines DC, Haibe-Kains B, Wouters BG, Metser U, Jaffray DA, Smith M, O'Brien CA. Administration of Hypoxia-Activated Prodrug Evofosfamide after Conventional Adjuvant Therapy Enhances Therapeutic Outcome and Targets Cancer-Initiating Cells in Preclinical Models of Colorectal Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2018; 24:2116-2127. [PMID: 29476017 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-17-1715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Cancer-initiating cells (C-IC) have been described in multiple cancer types, including colorectal cancer. C-ICs are defined by their capacity to self-renew, thereby driving tumor growth. C-ICs were initially thought to be static entities; however, recent studies have determined these cells to be dynamic and influenced by microenvironmental cues such as hypoxia. If hypoxia drives the formation of C-ICs, then therapeutic targeting of hypoxia could represent a novel means to target C-ICs.Experimental Design: Patient-derived colorectal cancer xenografts were treated with evofosfamide, a hypoxia-activated prodrug (HAP), in combination with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) or chemoradiotherapy (5-FU and radiation; CRT). Treatment groups included both concurrent and sequential dosing regimens. Effects on the colorectal cancer-initiating cell (CC-IC) fraction were assessed by serial passage in vivo limiting dilution assays. FAZA-PET imaging was utilized as a noninvasive method to assess intratumoral hypoxia.Results: Hypoxia was sufficient to drive the formation of CC-ICs and colorectal cancer cells surviving conventional therapy were more hypoxic and C-IC-like. Using a novel approach to combination therapy, we show that sequential treatment with 5-FU or CRT followed by evofosfamide not only inhibits tumor growth of xenografts compared with 5-FU or CRT alone, but also significantly decreases the CC-IC fraction. Furthermore, noninvasive FAZA-PET hypoxia imaging was predictive of a tumor's response to evofosfamide.Conclusions: Our data demonstrate a novel means to target the CC-IC fraction by adding a HAP sequentially after conventional adjuvant therapy, as well as the use of FAZA-PET as a biomarker for hypoxia to identify tumors that will benefit most from this approach. Clin Cancer Res; 24(9); 2116-27. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Haynes
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Trevor D McKee
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,STTARR Innovation Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrew Haller
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yadong Wang
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cherry Leung
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Deena M A Gendoo
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Antonija Kreso
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robin Wolman
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Eva Szentgyorgyi
- Department of Pathology, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Douglass C Vines
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,STTARR Innovation Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Benjamin Haibe-Kains
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bradly G Wouters
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ur Metser
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Techna Institute for the Advancement of Technology for Health, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David A Jaffray
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,STTARR Innovation Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Techna Institute for the Advancement of Technology for Health, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Myles Smith
- Department of Surgery, The Royal Marsden Hospital and Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine A O'Brien
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. .,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Surgery, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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28
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Ding M, Van der Kwast TH, Vellanki RN, Foltz WD, McKee TD, Sonenberg N, Pandolfi PP, Koritzinsky M, Wouters BG. The mTOR Targets 4E-BP1/2 Restrain Tumor Growth and Promote Hypoxia Tolerance in PTEN-driven Prostate Cancer. Mol Cancer Res 2018; 16:682-695. [PMID: 29453322 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-17-0696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The mTOR signaling pathway is a central regulator of protein synthesis and cellular metabolism in response to the availability of energy, nutrients, oxygen, and growth factors. mTOR activation leads to phosphorylation of multiple downstream targets including the eukaryotic initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) binding proteins-1 and -2 (EIF4EBP1/4E-BP1 and EIF4EBP2/4E-BP2). These binding proteins inhibit protein synthesis, but are inactivated by mTOR to stimulate cell growth and metabolism. However, the role of these proteins in the context of aberrant activation of mTOR, which occurs frequently in cancers through loss of PTEN or mutational activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway, is unclear. Here, even under conditions of aberrant mTOR activation, hypoxia causes dephosphorylation of 4E-BP1/4E-BP2 and increases their association with eIF4E to suppress translation. This is essential for hypoxia tolerance as knockdown of 4E-BP1 and 4E-BP2 decreases proliferation under hypoxia and increases hypoxia-induced cell death. In addition, genetic deletion of 4E-BP1 and 4E-BP2 significantly accelerates all phases of cancer development in the context of PTEN loss-driven prostate cancer in mice despite potent PI3K/AKT and mTOR activation. However, even with a more rapid onset, tumors that establish in the absence of 4E-BP1 and 4E-BP2 have reduced levels of tumor hypoxia and show increased cell death within hypoxic tumor regions. Together, these data demonstrate that 4E-BP1 and 4E-BP2 act as essential metabolic breaks even in the context of aberrant mTOR activation and that they are essential for the creation of hypoxia-tolerant cells in prostate cancer. Mol Cancer Res; 16(4); 682-95. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Ding
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and Campbell Family Institute for Cancer Research, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Ravi N Vellanki
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and Campbell Family Institute for Cancer Research, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Warren D Foltz
- Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Trevor D McKee
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and Campbell Family Institute for Cancer Research, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nahum Sonenberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Pier P Pandolfi
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Department of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Marianne Koritzinsky
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and Campbell Family Institute for Cancer Research, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bradly G Wouters
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and Campbell Family Institute for Cancer Research, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. .,Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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29
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Bilkey J, Tata A, McKee TD, Porcari AM, Bluemke E, Woolman M, Ventura M, Eberlin MN, Zarrine-Afsar A. Variations in the Abundance of Lipid Biomarker Ions in Mass Spectrometry Images Correlate to Tissue Density. Anal Chem 2016; 88:12099-12107. [PMID: 28193010 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b02767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
While mass spectrometry (MS) imaging is widely used to investigate the molecular composition of ex vivo slices of cancerous tumors, little is known about how variations in the cellular properties of cancer tissue can influence cancer biomarker ion images. To better understand the basis for variations in the abundances of cancer biomarker ions seen in MS images of relatively homogeneous ex vivo tumor samples, sections of snap frozen human breast cancer murine xenografts were subjected to desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (DESI-MS) imaging. Serial sections were then stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and subjected to detailed morphometric cellular analysis, using a commercial digital pathology platform augmented with custom-tailored image analysis algorithms developed in-house. Gross morphological heterogeneities due to stroma, vasculature, and noncancer cells were mapped in the tumor and found to not correlate with the areas of suppressed cancer biomarker abundance. Instead, the ion abundances of major breast cancer biomarkers were found to correlate with the cytoplasmic area of cancer cells that comprised the tumor tissue. Therefore, detailed cellular analyses can be used to rationalize subtle heterogeneities in ion abundance in MS images, not explained by the presence of gross morphological heterogeneities such as stroma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jade Bilkey
- STTARR Innovation Centre, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, 101 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Alessandra Tata
- Techna Institute for the Advancement of Technology for Health, University Health Network , Toronto, Ontario M5G-1P5, Canada
| | - Trevor D McKee
- STTARR Innovation Centre, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, 101 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Andreia M Porcari
- ThoMSon Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas , Campinas, SP Brazil
| | - Emma Bluemke
- Techna Institute for the Advancement of Technology for Health, University Health Network , Toronto, Ontario M5G-1P5, Canada
| | - Michael Woolman
- Techna Institute for the Advancement of Technology for Health, University Health Network , Toronto, Ontario M5G-1P5, Canada
| | - Manuela Ventura
- Techna Institute for the Advancement of Technology for Health, University Health Network , Toronto, Ontario M5G-1P5, Canada
| | - Marcos N Eberlin
- ThoMSon Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas , Campinas, SP Brazil
| | - Arash Zarrine-Afsar
- Techna Institute for the Advancement of Technology for Health, University Health Network , Toronto, Ontario M5G-1P5, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto ,101 College Street Suite 15-701, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada.,Department of Surgery, University of Toronto , 149 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5T-1P5, Canada.,Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Li Ka-Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital , 30 Bond Street, Toronto, Ontario M5B-1W8, Canada
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30
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Edgar LJ, Vellanki RN, McKee TD, Hedley D, Wouters BG, Nitz M. Isotopologous Organotellurium Probes Reveal Dynamic Hypoxia In Vivo with Cellular Resolution. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201607483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Landon J. Edgar
- Department of Chemistry; University of Toronto; 80 St. George Street Toronto Ontario M5S 3H6 Canada
| | - Ravi N. Vellanki
- Departments of Radiation Oncology, Medical Biophysics, and the; STTARR Innovaton Centre; Princess Margaret Cancer Centre; University Health Network; 101 College Street Toronto Ontario M5G 1L7 Canada
| | - Trevor D. McKee
- Departments of Radiation Oncology, Medical Biophysics, and the; STTARR Innovaton Centre; Princess Margaret Cancer Centre; University Health Network; 101 College Street Toronto Ontario M5G 1L7 Canada
| | - David Hedley
- Departments of Radiation Oncology, Medical Biophysics, and the; STTARR Innovaton Centre; Princess Margaret Cancer Centre; University Health Network; 101 College Street Toronto Ontario M5G 1L7 Canada
| | - Bradly G. Wouters
- Departments of Radiation Oncology, Medical Biophysics, and the; STTARR Innovaton Centre; Princess Margaret Cancer Centre; University Health Network; 101 College Street Toronto Ontario M5G 1L7 Canada
| | - Mark Nitz
- Department of Chemistry; University of Toronto; 80 St. George Street Toronto Ontario M5S 3H6 Canada
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Edgar LJ, Vellanki RN, McKee TD, Hedley D, Wouters BG, Nitz M. Isotopologous Organotellurium Probes Reveal Dynamic Hypoxia In Vivo with Cellular Resolution. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:13159-13163. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201607483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Landon J. Edgar
- Department of Chemistry; University of Toronto; 80 St. George Street Toronto Ontario M5S 3H6 Canada
| | - Ravi N. Vellanki
- Departments of Radiation Oncology, Medical Biophysics, and the; STTARR Innovaton Centre; Princess Margaret Cancer Centre; University Health Network; 101 College Street Toronto Ontario M5G 1L7 Canada
| | - Trevor D. McKee
- Departments of Radiation Oncology, Medical Biophysics, and the; STTARR Innovaton Centre; Princess Margaret Cancer Centre; University Health Network; 101 College Street Toronto Ontario M5G 1L7 Canada
| | - David Hedley
- Departments of Radiation Oncology, Medical Biophysics, and the; STTARR Innovaton Centre; Princess Margaret Cancer Centre; University Health Network; 101 College Street Toronto Ontario M5G 1L7 Canada
| | - Bradly G. Wouters
- Departments of Radiation Oncology, Medical Biophysics, and the; STTARR Innovaton Centre; Princess Margaret Cancer Centre; University Health Network; 101 College Street Toronto Ontario M5G 1L7 Canada
| | - Mark Nitz
- Department of Chemistry; University of Toronto; 80 St. George Street Toronto Ontario M5S 3H6 Canada
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Chen Y, Di Grappa MA, Molyneux SD, McKee TD, Waterhouse P, Penninger JM, Khokha R. RANKL blockade prevents and treats aggressive osteosarcomas. Sci Transl Med 2016; 7:317ra197. [PMID: 26659571 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aad0295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary bone cancer, which occurs primarily in children and adolescents, severely affecting survivors' quality of life. Despite its chemosensitivity and treatment advances, long-term survival rates for OS patients have stagnated over the last 20 years. Thus, it is necessary to develop new molecularly targeted therapies for this metastatic bone cancer. Mutations in TP53 and RB are linked to OS predisposition and to the evolution of spontaneous OS. We established receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL) as a therapeutic target for suppression and prevention of OS. Combined conditional osteoblast-specific deletions of Rb, p53, and the protein kinase A (PKA) regulatory subunit Prkar1α genes in genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs) generate aggressive osteosarcomas, characterized by PKA, RANKL, and osteoclast hyperactivity. Whole-body Rankl deletion completely abrogates tumorigenesis. Although osteoblastic Rank deletion has little effect, osteoclastic Rank deletion delays tumorigenesis and prolongs life span. The latter is associated with inactivation of osteoclastogenesis and up-regulation of the tumor suppressor phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN). Further, we use these GEMMs as preclinical platforms to show that RANKL blockade with RANK-Fc arrests tumor progression and improves survival and also inhibits lung metastasis. Moreover, preemptive administration of RANK-Fc completely prevents tumorigenesis in mice highly predisposed to this aggressive cancer. Denosumab, a fully human monoclonal antibody against RANKL, is currently used to treat patients with osteoporosis or bone metastases. Our studies provide a strong rationale to consider RANKL blockade for the treatment and prevention of aggressive RANKL-overexpressing OS in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Chen
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre/Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, 101 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Marco A Di Grappa
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre/Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, 101 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Sam D Molyneux
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre/Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, 101 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Trevor D McKee
- Spatio-Temporal Targeting and Amplification of Radiation Response (STTARR) Program, University Health Network, 101 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Paul Waterhouse
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre/Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, 101 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Josef M Penninger
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Dr. Bohr-Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Rama Khokha
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre/Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, 101 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada.
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Hammoud L, Adams JR, Loch AJ, Marcellus RC, Uehling DE, Aman A, Fladd C, McKee TD, Jo CEB, Al-Awar R, Egan SE, Rossant J. Identification of RSK and TTK as Modulators of Blood Vessel Morphogenesis Using an Embryonic Stem Cell-Based Vascular Differentiation Assay. Stem Cell Reports 2016; 7:787-801. [PMID: 27618721 PMCID: PMC5063585 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2016.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Revised: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood vessels are formed through vasculogenesis, followed by remodeling of the endothelial network through angiogenesis. Many events that occur during embryonic vascular development are recapitulated during adult neoangiogenesis, which is critical to tumor growth and metastasis. Current antiangiogenic tumor therapies, based largely on targeting the vascular endothelial growth factor pathway, show limited clinical benefits, thus necessitating the discovery of alternative targets. Here we report the development of a robust embryonic stem cell-based vascular differentiation assay amenable to small-molecule screens to identify novel modulators of angiogenesis. In this context, RSK and TTK were identified as angiogenic modulators. Inhibition of these pathways inhibited angiogenesis in embryoid bodies and human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Furthermore, inhibition of RSK and TTK reduced tumor growth, vascular density, and improved survival in an in vivo Lewis lung carcinoma mouse model. Our study suggests that RSK and TTK are potential targets for antiangiogenic therapy, and provides an assay system for further pathway screens. Development of ESC-based vascular differentiation assay amenable to drug screening Screening a kinase library identified RSK and TTK as angiogenic modulators RSK and TTK inhibition disrupted angiogenesis in vitro RSK and TTK inhibition inhibited Lewis lung tumor growth and angiogenesis in vivo
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamis Hammoud
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Jessica R Adams
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Amanda J Loch
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Richard C Marcellus
- Drug Discovery Department, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON M5G 0A3, Canada
| | - David E Uehling
- Drug Discovery Department, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON M5G 0A3, Canada
| | - Ahmed Aman
- Drug Discovery Department, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON M5G 0A3, Canada
| | - Christopher Fladd
- SPARC BioCentre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Trevor D McKee
- Radiation Medicine Program, STTARR Innovation Centre, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Christine E B Jo
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Rima Al-Awar
- Drug Discovery Department, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON M5G 0A3, Canada
| | - Sean E Egan
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Janet Rossant
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.
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McWhirter E, Hamid O, Chmielowski B, Carvajal RD, Jaffray DA, Driscoll B, Shek T, Yeung I, Keller H, McKee TD, Pearce TE, Kroll S, Joshua AM. A Phase 2 biomarker-enriched study of evofosfamide (TH-302) in patients with advanced melanoma. J Clin Oncol 2015. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2015.33.15_suppl.tps9089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Omid Hamid
- The Angeles Clinic and Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA
| | | | | | | | | | - Tina Shek
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ivan Yeung
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Harald Keller
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | | | - Stew Kroll
- Threshold Pharmaceuticals, Inc., South San Francisco, CA
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Shiah YJ, Tharmapalan P, Casey AE, Joshi PA, McKee TD, Jackson HW, Beristain AG, Chan-Seng-Yue MA, Bader GD, Lydon JP, Waterhouse PD, Boutros PC, Khokha R. A Progesterone-CXCR4 Axis Controls Mammary Progenitor Cell Fate in the Adult Gland. Stem Cell Reports 2015; 4:313-322. [PMID: 28447939 PMCID: PMC4376056 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2015.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Revised: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Progesterone drives mammary stem and progenitor cell dynamics through paracrine mechanisms that are currently not well understood. Here, we demonstrate that CXCR4, the receptor for stromal-derived factor 1 (SDF-1; CXC12), is a crucial instructor of hormone-induced mammary stem and progenitor cell function. Progesterone elicits specific changes in the transcriptome of basal and luminal mammary epithelial populations, where CXCL12 and CXCR4 represent a putative ligand-receptor pair. In situ, CXCL12 localizes to progesterone-receptor-positive luminal cells, whereas CXCR4 is induced in both basal and luminal compartments in a progesterone-dependent manner. Pharmacological inhibition of CXCR4 signaling abrogates progesterone-directed expansion of basal (CD24+CD49fhi) and luminal (CD24+CD49flo) subsets. This is accompanied by a marked reduction in CD49b+SCA-1− luminal progenitors, their functional capacity, and lobuloalveologenesis. These findings uncover CXCL12 and CXCR4 as novel paracrine effectors of hormone signaling in the adult mammary gland, and present a new avenue for potentially targeting progenitor cell growth and malignant transformation in breast cancer. Progesterone induces distinct molecular programs in mammary cell compartments CXCR4 induction occurs in lobuloalveoli and is progesterone dependent CXCR4 inhibition abrogates luminal progenitor expansion and mammopoiesis Targeting of the CXCL12-CXCR4 axis may limit mammary progenitor cell transformation
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jia Shiah
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada
| | | | - Alison E Casey
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Purna A Joshi
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Trevor D McKee
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada; STTARR Innovation Centre, Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Hartland W Jackson
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Alexander G Beristain
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Michelle A Chan-Seng-Yue
- Informatics and Biocomputing Platform, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON M5G 0A3, Canada
| | - Gary D Bader
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Medical Science Building, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - John P Lydon
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Paul D Waterhouse
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Paul C Boutros
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada; Informatics and Biocomputing Platform, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON M5G 0A3, Canada
| | - Rama Khokha
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada; Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada.
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Belmont PJ, Jiang P, McKee TD, Xie T, Isaacson J, Baryla NE, Roper J, Sinnamon MJ, Lee NV, Kan JLC, Guicherit O, Wouters BG, O'Brien CA, Shields D, Olson P, VanArsdale T, Weinrich SL, Rejto P, Christensen JG, Fantin VR, Hung KE, Martin ES. Resistance to dual blockade of the kinases PI3K and mTOR in KRAS-mutant colorectal cancer models results in combined sensitivity to inhibition of the receptor tyrosine kinase EGFR. Sci Signal 2014; 7:ra107. [PMID: 25389372 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2005516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Targeted blockade of aberrantly activated signaling pathways is an attractive therapeutic strategy for solid tumors, but drug resistance is common. KRAS is a frequently mutated gene in human cancer but remains a challenging clinical target. Inhibitors against KRAS signaling mediators, namely, PI3K (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) and mTOR (mechanistic target of rapamycin), have limited clinical efficacy as single agents in KRAS-mutant colorectal cancer (CRC). We investigated potential bypass mechanisms to PI3K/mTOR inhibition in KRAS-mutant CRC. Using genetically engineered mouse model cells that had acquired resistance to the dual PI3K/mTOR small-molecule inhibitor PF-04691502, we determined with chemical library screens that inhibitors of the ERBB [epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)] family restored the sensitivity to PF-04691502. Although EGFR inhibitors alone have limited efficacy in reducing KRAS-mutant tumors, we found that PF-04691502 induced the abundance, phosphorylation, and activity of EGFR, ERBB2, and ERBB3 through activation of FOXO3a (forkhead box O 3a), a transcription factor inhibited by the PI3K to AKT pathway. PF-04691502 also induced a stem cell-like gene expression signature. KRAS-mutant patient-derived xenografts from mice treated with PF-04691502 had a similar gene expression signature and exhibited increased EGFR activation, suggesting that this drug-induced resistance mechanism may occur in patients. Combination therapy with dacomitinib (a pan-ERBB inhibitor) restored sensitivity to PF-04691502 in drug-resistant cells in culture and induced tumor regression in drug-resistant allografts in mice. Our findings suggest that combining PI3K/mTOR and EGFR inhibitors may improve therapeutic outcome in patients with KRAS-mutant CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Belmont
- Oncology Research Unit, Pfizer Global Research and Development, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
| | - Ping Jiang
- Oncology Research Unit, Pfizer Global Research and Development, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Trevor D McKee
- Departments of Radiation Oncology and Medical Biophysics, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Tao Xie
- Oncology Research Unit, Pfizer Global Research and Development, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Jason Isaacson
- Oncology Research Unit, Pfizer Global Research and Development, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Nicole E Baryla
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A3, Canada
| | - Jatin Roper
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Mark J Sinnamon
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Nathan V Lee
- Oncology Research Unit, Pfizer Global Research and Development, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Julie L C Kan
- Oncology Research Unit, Pfizer Global Research and Development, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Oivin Guicherit
- Oncology Research Unit, Pfizer Global Research and Development, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Bradly G Wouters
- Departments of Radiation Oncology and Medical Biophysics, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2M9, Canada. Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A3, Canada
| | - Catherine A O'Brien
- University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - David Shields
- Oncology Research Unit, Pfizer Global Research and Development, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Peter Olson
- Oncology Research Unit, Pfizer Global Research and Development, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Todd VanArsdale
- Oncology Research Unit, Pfizer Global Research and Development, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Scott L Weinrich
- Oncology Research Unit, Pfizer Global Research and Development, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Paul Rejto
- Oncology Research Unit, Pfizer Global Research and Development, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - James G Christensen
- Oncology Research Unit, Pfizer Global Research and Development, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Valeria R Fantin
- Oncology Research Unit, Pfizer Global Research and Development, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Kenneth E Hung
- Pfizer Biotherapeutics Clinical Research, Cambridge, MA 02140, USA
| | - Eric S Martin
- Oncology Research Unit, Pfizer Global Research and Development, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
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Zannella VE, Dal Pra A, Muaddi H, McKee TD, Stapleton S, Sykes J, Glicksman R, Chaib S, Zamiara P, Milosevic M, Wouters BG, Bristow RG, Koritzinsky M. Reprogramming metabolism with metformin improves tumor oxygenation and radiotherapy response. Clin Cancer Res 2013; 19:6741-50. [PMID: 24141625 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-13-1787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 238] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Tumor hypoxia is a negative prognostic factor in multiple cancers, due in part to its role in causing resistance to radiotherapy. Hypoxia arises in tumor regions distal to blood vessels as oxygen is consumed by more proximal tumor cells. Reducing the rate of oxygen consumption is therefore a potential strategy to reduce tumor hypoxia. We hypothesized that the anti-diabetic drug metformin, which reduces oxygen consumption through inhibition of mitochondrial complex I, would improve radiation response by increasing tumor oxygenation. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Tumor hypoxia was measured in xenografts before and after metformin treatment using 2-nitroimidazole hypoxia markers quantified by immunohistochemistry (IHC), flow cytometry, and positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. Radiation response was determined by tumor growth delay and clonogenic survival in xenografts with and without administration of metformin. The impact of metformin use on outcome was assessed in 504 patients with localized prostate cancer treated with curative-intent, image-guided radiotherapy (IGRT) from 1996 to 2012. Three-year biochemical relapse-free rates were assessed using the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS Metformin treatment significantly improved tumor oxygenation in two xenograft models as measured by IHC, flow cytometry, and PET imaging. Metformin also led to improved radiotherapy responses when mice were administered metformin immediately before irradiation. Clinically, metformin use was associated with an independent and significant decrease in early biochemical relapse rates (P = 0.0106). CONCLUSION Our data demonstrate that metformin can improve tumor oxygenation and response to radiotherapy. Our study suggests that metformin may represent an effective and inexpensive means to improve radiotherapy outcome with an optimal therapeutic ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa E Zannella
- Authors' Affiliations: Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and Radiation Medicine Program, University Health Network; Institute of Medical Science, Department of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto; Selective Therapies Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and Department of Radiation Oncology (Maastro Lab), GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
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Molyneux SD, Di Grappa MA, Beristain AG, McKee TD, Wai DH, Paderova J, Kashyap M, Hu P, Maiuri T, Narala SR, Stambolic V, Squire J, Penninger J, Sanchez O, Triche TJ, Wood GA, Kirschner LS, Khokha R. Prkar1a is an osteosarcoma tumor suppressor that defines a molecular subclass in mice. J Clin Invest 2010; 120:3310-25. [PMID: 20697156 DOI: 10.1172/jci42391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2010] [Accepted: 06/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Some cancers have been stratified into subclasses based on their unique involvement of specific signaling pathways. The mapping of human cancer genomes is revealing a vast number of somatic alterations; however, the identification of clinically relevant molecular tumor subclasses and their respective driver genes presents challenges. This information is key to developing more targeted and personalized cancer therapies. Here, we generate a new mouse model of genomically unstable osteosarcoma (OSA) that phenocopies the human disease. Integrative oncogenomics pinpointed cAMP-dependent protein kinase type I, alpha regulatory subunit (Prkar1a) gene deletions at 11qE1 as a recurrent genetic trait for a molecularly distinct subclass of mouse OSA featuring RANKL overexpression. Using mouse genetics, we established that Prkar1a is a bone tumor suppressor gene capable of directing subclass development and driving RANKL overexpression during OSA tumorigenesis. Finally, we uncovered evidence for a PRKAR1A-low subset of human OSA with distinct clinical behavior. Thus, tumor subclasses develop in mice and can potentially provide information toward the molecular stratification of human cancers.
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Koskivirta I, Kassiri Z, Rahkonen O, Kiviranta R, Oudit GY, McKee TD, Kytö V, Saraste A, Jokinen E, Liu PP, Vuorio E, Khokha R. Mice with tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 4 (Timp4) deletion succumb to induced myocardial infarction but not to cardiac pressure overload. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:24487-93. [PMID: 20516072 PMCID: PMC2915685 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.136820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2010] [Revised: 05/24/2010] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 4 (TIMP4) is expressed highly in heart and found dysregulated in human cardiovascular diseases. It controls extracellular matrix remodeling by inhibiting matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and is implicated in processes including cell proliferation, apoptosis, and angiogenesis. Timp4-deficient mice (Timp4(-/-)) were generated to assess TIMP4 function in normal development and in models of heart disease. We deleted exons 1-3 of the Timp4 gene by homologous recombination. Timp4(-/-) mice are born healthy, develop normally, and produce litters of normal size and gender distribution. These mice show no compensation by overexpression of Timp1, Timp2, or Timp3 in the heart. Following cardiac pressure overload by aortic banding, Timp4(-/-) mice have comparable survival rate, cardiac histology, and cardiac function to controls. In this case, Timp4 deficiency is compensated by increased cardiac Timp2 expression. Strikingly, the induction of myocardial infarction (MI) leads to significantly increased mortality in Timp4(-/-) mice primarily due to left ventricular rupture. The post-MI mortality of Timp4(-/-) mice is reduced by administration of a synthetic MMP inhibitor. Furthermore, combining the genetic deletion of Mmp2 also rescues the higher post-MI mortality of Timp4(-/-) mice. Finally, Timp4(-/-) mice suffer reduced cardiac function at 20 months of age. Timp4 is not essential for murine development, although its loss moderately compromises cardiac function with aging. Timp4(-/-) mice are more susceptible to MI but not to pressure overload, and TIMP4 functions in its capacity as a metalloproteinase inhibitor after myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilpo Koskivirta
- From the Department of Medical Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Turku, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
- the Ontario Cancer Institute, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2M9, Canada
- the Department of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, FI-20521 Turku, Finland
| | - Zamaneh Kassiri
- the Ontario Cancer Institute, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Otto Rahkonen
- From the Department of Medical Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Turku, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
- the Department of Pediatrics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FI-00029 HUS, Finland
| | - Riku Kiviranta
- From the Department of Medical Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Turku, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Gavin Y. Oudit
- the Division of Cardiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2N2, Canada, and
| | - Trevor D. McKee
- the Ontario Cancer Institute, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Ville Kytö
- the Department of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, FI-20521 Turku, Finland
| | - Antti Saraste
- the Department of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, FI-20521 Turku, Finland
| | - Eero Jokinen
- the Department of Pediatrics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FI-00029 HUS, Finland
| | - Peter P. Liu
- the Division of Cardiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2N2, Canada, and
| | - Eero Vuorio
- From the Department of Medical Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Turku, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Rama Khokha
- the Ontario Cancer Institute, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2M9, Canada
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Perentes JY, McKee TD, Ley CD, Mathiew H, Dawson M, Padera TP, Munn LL, Jain RK, Boucher Y. In vivo imaging of extracellular matrix remodeling by tumor-associated fibroblasts. Nat Methods 2009; 6:143-5. [PMID: 19151720 DOI: 10.1038/nmeth.1295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2008] [Accepted: 11/21/2008] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Here we integrated multiphoton laser scanning microscopy and the registration of second harmonic generation images of collagen fibers to overcome difficulties in tracking stromal cell-matrix interactions for several days in live mice. We show that the matrix-modifying hormone relaxin increased tumor-associated fibroblast (TAF) interaction with collagen fibers by stimulating beta1-integrin activity, which is necessary for fiber remodeling by matrix metalloproteinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Y Perentes
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 100 Blossom Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
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McKee TD, Grandi P, Mok W, Alexandrakis G, Insin N, Zimmer JP, Bawendi MG, Boucher Y, Breakefield XO, Jain RK. Degradation of fibrillar collagen in a human melanoma xenograft improves the efficacy of an oncolytic herpes simplex virus vector. Cancer Res 2006; 66:2509-13. [PMID: 16510565 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-05-2242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 320] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Oncolytic viral therapy provides a promising approach to treat certain human malignancies. These vectors improve on replication-deficient vectors by increasing the viral load within tumors through preferential viral replication within tumor cells. However, the inability to efficiently propagate throughout the entire tumor and infect cells distant from the injection site has limited the capacity of oncolytic viruses to achieve consistent therapeutic responses. Here we show that the spread of the oncolytic herpes simplex virus (HSV) vector MGH2 within the human melanoma Mu89 is limited by the fibrillar collagen in the extracellular matrix. This limitation seems to be size specific as nanoparticles of equivalent size to the virus distribute within tumors to the same extent whereas smaller particles distribute more widely. Due to limited viral penetration, tumor cells in inaccessible regions continue to grow, remaining out of the range of viral infection, and tumor eradication cannot be achieved. Matrix modification with bacterial collagenase coinjection results in a significant improvement in the initial range of viral distribution within the tumor. This results in an extended range of infected tumor cells and improved virus propagation, ultimately leading to enhanced therapeutic outcome. Thus, fibrillar collagen can be a formidable barrier to viral distribution and matrix-modifying treatments can significantly enhance the therapeutic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor D McKee
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachussetts 02114, USA
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Huang P, McKee TD, Jain RK, Fukumura D. Green fluorescent protein (GFP)-expressing tumor model derived from a spontaneous osteosarcoma in a vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-GFP transgenic mouse. Comp Med 2005; 55:236-43. [PMID: 16089171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) mediates tumor angiogenesis, growth, and metastasis. Murine models of metastatic tumors in which green fluorescent protein (GFP) expression is driven by the VEGF promoter can be imaged both intravitally and externally and thus offer many possibilities for real-time studies of tumor angiogenesis, metastasis, and treatment in vivo. In our defined-flora animal facility, an 11-month-old female transgenic mouse with a C3H background (VEGF(P)-GFP/C3H) developed a spontaneous tumor that expressed GFP under the control of VEGF. Necropsy and histopathologic examination revealed an osteosarcoma with lung metastases. Fresh tumor fragments were transplanted successfully into other VEGF(P)-GFP/C3H transgenic mice. During the first five generations, the tumor "take rate" was 100% (25 of 25 animals), with a latent period of 8 days and an average tumor volume of 1500 mm3 at 36 days. Transplanted tumors have maintained their original histopathologic characteristics and metastatic behavior. In addition, the tumor grows in wild-type C3H mice with an 83% take rate (10 of 12 animals) and as monolayer cells in vitro. GFP was expressed strongly in tumor tissue, lung metastatic foci, and cultured tumor cells. Real-time growth of tumors grown in dorsal skin chambers in C3H mice could be visualized using GFP fluorescence. In addition, GFP fluorescence of metastatic lesions in lungs of C3H mice was clearly visible by multiphoton laser scanning microscopy. This in vitro and in vivo transplantable and metastatic osteosarcoma (Os-P0107) is an attractive model for further study of tumor pathophysiology and treatment efficiency affecting VEGF expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peigen Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Edwin L. Steele Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
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Alexandrakis G, Brown EB, Tong RT, McKee TD, Campbell RB, Boucher Y, Jain RK. Two-photon fluorescence correlation microscopy reveals the two-phase nature of transport in tumors. Nat Med 2004; 10:203-7. [PMID: 14716306 DOI: 10.1038/nm981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2003] [Accepted: 12/15/2003] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Transport parameters determine the access of drugs to tumors. However, technical difficulties preclude the measurement of these parameters deep inside living tissues. To this end, we adapted and further optimized two-photon fluorescence correlation microscopy (TPFCM) for in vivo measurement of transport parameters in tumors. TPFCM extends the detectable range of diffusion coefficients in tumors by one order of magnitude, and reveals both a fast and a slow component of diffusion. The ratio of these two components depends on molecular size and can be altered in vivo with hyaluronidase and collagenase. These studies indicate that TPFCM is a promising tool to dissect the barriers to drug delivery in tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Alexandrakis
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
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Znati CA, Rosenstein M, McKee TD, Brown E, Turner D, Bloomer WD, Watkins S, Jain RK, Boucher Y. Irradiation reduces interstitial fluid transport and increases the collagen content in tumors. Clin Cancer Res 2003; 9:5508-13. [PMID: 14654530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We have shown that the interstitial diffusion of large molecules is significantly hindered in tumors with high collagen levels. Because large therapeutic agents (e.g., monoclonal antibodies and viral vectors) will be combined with radiation or chemotherapy, it is significant to determine how cytotoxic therapies modify the transport and composition of the interstitial space in tumors. To test the hypothesis that radiation alters tumor interstitial transport, we measured tumor hydraulic conductivity (K) and hyaluronan and collagen type I levels after irradiation. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN K and the quantification of interstitial matrix components were determined in sections of s.c. implants of the human colon adenocarcinoma LS174T. K was measured on days 1 and 5 after 10 Gy of irradiation or on day 5 after 30 Gy of irradiation. RESULTS Compared with control tumors, K decreased by approximately 12-fold after 10 or 30 Gy of irradiation on day 5. At 24 h after irradiation with 10 Gy, the decrease in K was not significant. Five days after 10 and 30 Gy of irradiation, the decrease in K was associated with significantly higher levels of collagen type I. The collagen type I content was not changed 24 h after irradiation with 10 Gy. Irradiation did not significantly increase hyaluronan levels in LS174T tumors. CONCLUSIONS After irradiation, the decrease in K and increase in collagen type I levels could significantly hinder the convective movement and diffusion of large therapeutic agents in tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia A Znati
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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Ramanujan S, Pluen A, McKee TD, Brown EB, Boucher Y, Jain RK. Diffusion and convection in collagen gels: implications for transport in the tumor interstitium. Biophys J 2002; 83:1650-60. [PMID: 12202388 PMCID: PMC1302261 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-3495(02)73933-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 363] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Diffusion coefficients of tracer molecules in collagen type I gels prepared from 0-4.5% w/v solutions were measured by fluorescence recovery after photobleaching. When adjusted to account for in vivo tortuosity, diffusion coefficients in gels matched previous measurements in four human tumor xenografts with equivalent collagen concentrations. In contrast, hyaluronan solutions hindered diffusion to a lesser extent when prepared at concentrations equivalent to those reported in these tumors. Collagen permeability, determined from flow through gels under hydrostatic pressure, was compared with predictions obtained from application of the Brinkman effective medium model to diffusion data. Permeability predictions matched experimental results at low concentrations, but underestimated measured values at high concentrations. Permeability measurements in gels did not match previous measurements in tumors. Visualization of gels by transmission electron microscopy and light microscopy revealed networks of long collagen fibers at lower concentrations along with shorter fibers at high concentrations. Negligible assembly was detected in collagen solutions pregelation. However, diffusion was similarly hindered in pre and postgelation samples. Comparison of diffusion and convection data in these gels and tumors suggests that collagen may obstruct diffusion more than convection in tumors. These findings have significant implications for drug delivery in tumors and for tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saroja Ramanujan
- E. L. Steele Laboratory for Tumor Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
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Koike C, McKee TD, Pluen A, Ramanujan S, Burton K, Munn LL, Boucher Y, Jain RK. Solid stress facilitates spheroid formation: potential involvement of hyaluronan. Br J Cancer 2002; 86:947-53. [PMID: 11953828 PMCID: PMC2364140 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6600158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2001] [Revised: 11/26/2001] [Accepted: 12/14/2001] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
When neoplastic cells grow in confined spaces in vivo, they exert a finite force on the surrounding tissue resulting in the generation of solid stress. By growing multicellular spheroids in agarose gels of defined mechanical properties, we have recently shown that solid stress inhibits the growth of spheroids and that this growth-inhibiting stress ranges from 45 to 120 mmHg. Here we show that solid stress facilitates the formation of spheroids in the highly metastatic Dunning R3327 rat prostate carcinoma AT3.1 cells, which predominantly do not grow as spheroids in free suspension. The maximum size and the growth rate of the resulting spheroids decreased with increasing stress. Relieving solid stress by enzymatic digestion of gels resulted in gradual loss of spheroidal morphology in 8 days. In contrast, the low metastatic variant AT2.1 cells, which grow as spheroids in free suspension as well as in the gels, maintained their spheroidal morphology even after stress removal. Histological examination revealed that most cells in AT2.1 spheroids are in close apposition whereas a regular matrix separates the cells in the AT3.1 gel spheroids. Staining with the hyaluronan binding protein revealed that the matrix between AT3.1 cells in agarose contained hyaluronan, while AT3.1 cells had negligible or no hyaluronan when grown in free suspension. Hyaluronan was found to be present in both free suspensions and agarose gel spheroids of AT2.1. We suggest that cell-cell adhesion may be adequate for spheroid formation, whereas solid stress may be required to form spheroids when cell-matrix adhesion is predominant. These findings have significant implications for tumour growth, invasion and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Koike
- Edwin L Steele Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Cox-7, 100 Blossom Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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Pluen A, Boucher Y, Ramanujan S, McKee TD, Gohongi T, di Tomaso E, Brown EB, Izumi Y, Campbell RB, Berk DA, Jain RK. Role of tumor-host interactions in interstitial diffusion of macromolecules: cranial vs. subcutaneous tumors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2001; 98:4628-33. [PMID: 11274375 PMCID: PMC31885 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.081626898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 403] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The large size of many novel therapeutics impairs their transport through the tumor extracellular matrix and thus limits their therapeutic effectiveness. We propose that extracellular matrix composition, structure, and distribution determine the transport properties in tumors. Furthermore, because the characteristics of the extracellular matrix largely depend on the tumor-host interactions, we postulate that diffusion of macromolecules will vary with tumor type as well as anatomical location. Diffusion coefficients of macromolecules and liposomes in tumors growing in cranial windows (CWs) and dorsal chambers (DCs) were measured by fluorescence recovery after photobleaching. For the same tumor types, diffusion of large molecules was significantly faster in CW than in DC tumors. The greater diffusional hindrance in DC tumors was correlated with higher levels of collagen type I and its organization into fibrils. For molecules with diameters comparable to the interfibrillar space the diffusion was 5- to 10-fold slower in DC than in CW tumors. The slower diffusion in DC tumors was associated with a higher density of host stromal cells that synthesize and organize collagen type I. Our results point to the necessity of developing site-specific drug carriers to improve the delivery of molecular medicine to solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Pluen
- E. L. Steele Laboratory for Tumor Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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Abstract
A general method for mapping tertiary interactions in membrane proteins using the visual pigment rhodopsin as a model is presented. In this approach, the protein is first assembled from two separately expressed gene fragments encoding nonoverlapping segments of the full-length polypeptide. Cys residues are then introduced into each of the two fragments such that juxtaposed residues are able to form disulfide cross-links in the protein either spontaneously or with the assistance of a Cu(2+)-(phenanthroline)3 oxidant. The cross-linked polypeptides are identified from a characteristic mobility shift on sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) gels as detected by Western blot analysis where the covalently bound heterodimer migrates with a mobility essentially identical to that of the native, full-length protein. Three different split rhodopsin mutants were prepared: one with a split in the loop connecting helices 3 and 4 (the 3/4 loop), one with a split in the 4/5 loop, and one with a split in the 5/6 loop. Each of these proteins when purified from transfected COS cells bound 11-cis-retinal, had a native absorption maximum at 500 nm, and activated transducin in a light-dependent manner. The cross-linking assay was tested with the rhodopsin mutant split in the 5/6 loop using the rho-1D4 antibody (which recognizes the carboxy terminal eight amino acids of rhodopsin) to detect the proteins on Western blots of SDS gels. Cys residues were substituted for Val-204 in the amino terminal fragment and Phe-276 in the carboxy terminal fragment of the rhodopsin mutant because Schwartz and co-workers [Elling et al.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- H Yu
- Graduate Department of Biochemistry, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts 02254, USA
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Merwin JR, Noell GS, Thomas WL, Chiou HC, DeRome ME, McKee TD, Spitalny GL, Findeis MA. Targeted delivery of DNA using YEE(GalNAcAH)3, a synthetic glycopeptide ligand for the asialoglycoprotein receptor. Bioconjug Chem 1994; 5:612-20. [PMID: 7873664 DOI: 10.1021/bc00030a017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
In vivo gene therapy shows promise as a treatment for both genetic and acquired disorders. The hepatic asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPr) binds asialoorosomucoid-polylysine-DNA (ASOR-PL-DNA) complexes and allows targeted delivery to hepatocytes. The tris(N-acetylgalactosamine aminohexyl glycoside) amide of tyrosyl(glutamyl) glutamate [YEE(GalNAcAH)3] has been previously reported to have subnanomolar affinity for the ASGPr. We have used an iodinated derivative of YEE(GalNAcAH)3 linked to polylysine and complexed to the luciferase gene (pCMV-Luc) in receptor-binding experiments to establish the feasibility of substituting ASOR with the synthetic glycopeptide for gene therapy. Scatchard analyses revealed similar Kd values for both ASOR and the glycopeptide. Binding and internalization of 125I-Suc-YEE(GalNAcAH)3 were competitively inhibited with either unlabeled ASOR or glycopeptide. The reverse was also true; 125I-ASOR binding was competed with unlabeled YEE(GalNAcAH)3 suggesting specific binding to the ASGPr by both compounds. Examination of in vivo delivery revealed that the 125I-labeled glycopeptide complex mimicked previous results observed with 125I-ASOR-PL-DNA. CPM in the liver accounted for 96% of the radioactivity recovered from the five major organs (liver, spleen, kidney, heart, and lungs). Cryoautoradiography displayed iodinated glycopeptide complex bound preferentially to hepatocytes rather than nonparenchymal cells. In vitro, as well as in vivo, transfections using the glycopeptide-polylysine-pCMV-luciferase gene complex (YG3-PL-Luc) resulted in expression of the gene product. These data demonstrate that the YEE(GalNAcAH)3 synthetic glycopeptide can be used as a ligand in targeted delivery of DNA to the liver-specific ASGPr.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Merwin
- TargeTech, Inc., Meriden, Connecticut 06450
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Abstract
Asialoorosomucoid-polylysine (ASOR-PL) conjugates have been recently developed as carriers of electrostatically bound DNA for targeted delivery to the hepatic asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPr) for gene therapy. Using acid-urea gel electrophoresis we have found that previously reported procedures for the fractionation of ASOR-PL conjugates do not efficiently remove noncovalently bound polylysine (PL) from ASOR-PL. DNA complexes prepared with these conjugates have low solubilities, which limits their usefulness for subsequent experimentation, particularly in vivo. For ASOR-PL made by carbodiimide-mediated crosslinking with 5-kDa PL, dialysis against 1 M guanidine hydrochloride is effective to remove the low molecular weight unbound PL. Dialysis is not feasible when using higher molecular weight PLs, but preparative elution acid-urea gel electrophoresis was used to isolate crude ASOR-PL fractions free of unbound PL. ASOR-PL freed of PL by dialysis or electrophoresis was further fractionated by cation-exchange HPLC on carboxymethyl-functionalized columns eluted with a mixed pH-salt gradient. Early-eluting ASOR-PL fractions isolated by a combination of preparative elution acid-urea gel electrophoresis and cation-exchange HPLC were found to be preferred for the formation of soluble DNA complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- T D McKee
- TargeTech, Inc., Meriden, Connecticut 06450
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