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Battistini C, Kenny HA, Zambuto M, Nieddu V, Melocchi V, Decio A, Lo Riso P, Villa CE, Gatto A, Ghioni M, Porta FM, Testa G, Giavazzi R, Colombo N, Bianchi F, Lengyel E, Cavallaro U. Tumor microenvironment-induced FOXM1 regulates ovarian cancer stemness. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:370. [PMID: 38806454 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06767-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
In ovarian tumors, the omental microenvironment profoundly influences the behavior of cancer cells and sustains the acquisition of stem-like traits, with major impacts on tumor aggressiveness and relapse. Here, we leverage a patient-derived platform of organotypic cultures to study the crosstalk between the tumor microenvironment and ovarian cancer stem cells. We discovered that the pro-tumorigenic transcription factor FOXM1 is specifically induced by the microenvironment in ovarian cancer stem cells, through activation of FAK/YAP signaling. The microenvironment-induced FOXM1 sustains stemness, and its inactivation reduces cancer stem cells survival in the omental niche and enhances their response to the PARP inhibitor Olaparib. By unveiling the novel role of FOXM1 in ovarian cancer stemness, our findings highlight patient-derived organotypic co-cultures as a powerful tool to capture clinically relevant mechanisms of the microenvironment/cancer stem cells crosstalk, contributing to the identification of tumor vulnerabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Battistini
- Unit of Gynaecological Oncology Research, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20139, Milan, Italy
| | - Hilary A Kenny
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Section of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Melissa Zambuto
- Unit of Gynaecological Oncology Research, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20139, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Nieddu
- Unit of Gynaecological Oncology Research, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20139, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Melocchi
- Cancer Biomarkers Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013, San Giovanni Rotondo, FG, Italy
| | - Alessandra Decio
- Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Therapeutics, Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research - IRCCS, 20156, Milan, Italy
| | - Pietro Lo Riso
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology IRCSS, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Alessia Gatto
- Unit of Gynaecological Oncology Research, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20139, Milan, Italy
| | - Mariacristina Ghioni
- Division of Pathology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca M Porta
- Division of Pathology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141, Milan, Italy
- School of Pathology, University of Milan, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Testa
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology IRCSS, Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Raffaella Giavazzi
- Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Therapeutics, Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research - IRCCS, 20156, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Colombo
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141, Milan, Italy
- University of Milan-Bicocca, 20126, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Bianchi
- Cancer Biomarkers Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013, San Giovanni Rotondo, FG, Italy
| | - Ernst Lengyel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Section of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Ugo Cavallaro
- Unit of Gynaecological Oncology Research, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20139, Milan, Italy.
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Ryu HJ, Kim C, Jang H, Kim SI, Shin SJ, Chung KY, Torres-Cabala C, Kim SK. Nuclear Localization of Yes-Associated Protein Is Associated With Tumor Progression in Cutaneous Melanoma. J Transl Med 2024; 104:102048. [PMID: 38490470 DOI: 10.1016/j.labinv.2024.102048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Yes-associated protein (YAP), an effector molecule of the Hippo signaling pathway, is expressed at high levels in cutaneous melanoma. However, the role of YAP in melanoma progression according to cellular localization is poorly understood. Tissues from 140 patients with invasive melanoma were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Flow cytometry, western blotting, viability assays, wound healing assays, verteporfin treatment, and xenograft assays were conducted using melanoma cell lines B16F1 and B16F10 subjected to YapS127A transfection and siYap knockdown. Nuclear YAP localization was identified in 63 tumors (45.0%) and was more frequent than cytoplasmic YAP in acral lentiginous and nodular subtypes (P = .007). Compared with cytoplasmic YAP melanomas, melanomas with nuclear YAP had higher mitotic activity (P = .016), deeper invasion (P < .001), and more frequently metastasized to lymph nodes (P < .001) and distant organs (P < .001). Patients with nuclear YAP melanomas had poorer disease-free survival (P < .001) and overall survival (P < .001). Nuclear YAP was an independent risk factor for distant metastasis (hazard ratio: 3.206; 95% CI, 1.032-9.961; P = .044). Proliferative ability was decreased in siYapB16F1 (P < .001) and siYapB16F10 (P = .001) cells and increased in YapS127AB16F1 (P = .003) and YapS127AB16F10 (P = .002) cells. Cell cycle analysis demonstrated relative G1 retention in siYapB16F1 (P < .001) and siYapB16F10 (P < .001) cells and S retention in YapS127AB16F1 cells (P = .008). Wound healing assays showed that Yap knockdown inhibited cell invasion (siYapB16F1, P = .001; siYapB16F10, P < .001), whereas nuclear YAP promoted it (YapS127AB16F, P < .001; YapS127AB16F1, P = .017). Verteporfin, a direct YAP inhibitor, reduced cellular proliferation in B16F1 (P = .003) and B16F10 (P < .001) cells. Proliferative effects of nuclear YAP were confirmed in xenograft mice (P < .001). In conclusion, nuclear YAP in human melanomas showed subtype specificity and correlated with proliferative activity and proinvasiveness. It is expected that YAP becomes a useful prognostic marker, and its inhibition may be a potential therapy for melanoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyang Joo Ryu
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chayeon Kim
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyenguk Jang
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sun Il Kim
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sang Joon Shin
- Department of Oncology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kee Yang Chung
- Department of Dermatology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Carlos Torres-Cabala
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
| | - Sang Kyum Kim
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
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Rigon M, Mutti L, Campanella M. Pleural mesothelioma (PMe): The evolving molecular knowledge of a rare and aggressive cancer. Mol Oncol 2024; 18:797-814. [PMID: 38459714 PMCID: PMC10994233 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Mesothelioma is a type of late-onset cancer that develops in cells covering the outer surface of organs. Although it can affect the peritoneum, heart, or testicles, it mainly targets the lining of the lungs, making pleural mesothelioma (PMe) the most common and widely studied mesothelioma type. PMe is caused by exposure to fibres of asbestos, which when inhaled leads to inflammation and scarring of the pleura. Despite the ban on asbestos by most Western countries, the incidence of PMe is on the rise, also facilitated by a lack of specific symptomatology and diagnostic methods. Therapeutic options are also limited to mainly palliative care, making this disease untreatable. Here we present an overview of biological aspects underlying PMe by listing genetic and molecular mechanisms behind its onset, aggressive nature, and fast-paced progression. To this end, we report on the role of deubiquitinase BRCA1-associated protein-1 (BAP1), a tumour suppressor gene with a widely acknowledged role in the corrupted signalling and metabolism of PMe. This review aims to enhance our understanding of this devastating malignancy and propel efforts for its investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Rigon
- Centre for Clinical Pharmacology and Precision Medicine William Harvey Research InstituteQueen Mary University of LondonUK
- Department of BiologyUniversity of Rome Tor VergataRomeItaly
| | - Luciano Mutti
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical SciencesDISCAB, L'Aquila UniversityL'AquilaItaly
- Temple University Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular MedicinePhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Michelangelo Campanella
- Centre for Clinical Pharmacology and Precision Medicine William Harvey Research InstituteQueen Mary University of LondonUK
- Department of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of PaduaPaduaItaly
- Institute Gustave RoussyVillejuifFrance
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Zhong Z, Jiao Z, Yu FX. The Hippo signaling pathway in development and regeneration. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113926. [PMID: 38457338 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.113926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The Hippo signaling pathway is a central growth control mechanism in multicellular organisms. By integrating diverse mechanical, biochemical, and stress cues, the Hippo pathway orchestrates proliferation, survival, differentiation, and mechanics of cells, which in turn regulate organ development, homeostasis, and regeneration. A deep understanding of the regulation and function of the Hippo pathway therefore holds great promise for developing novel therapeutics in regenerative medicine. Here, we provide updates on the molecular organization of the mammalian Hippo signaling network, review the regulatory signals and functional outputs of the pathway, and discuss the roles of Hippo signaling in development and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenxing Zhong
- Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, and the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhihan Jiao
- Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, and the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Fa-Xing Yu
- Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, and the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
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Kluge V, Kappelmann-Fenzl M, Fischer S, Zimmermann T, Pommer M, Kuphal S, Bosserhoff AK. Alternative Wnt-signaling axis leads to a break of oncogene-induced senescence. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:166. [PMID: 38388496 PMCID: PMC10883971 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06550-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Oncogene-induced senescence (OIS) is an important process that suppresses tumor development, but the molecular mechanisms of OIS are still under investigation. It is known that BRAFV600E-mutated melanocytes can overcome OIS and develop melanoma, but the underlying mechanism is largely unknown. Using an established OIS model of primary melanocytes transduced with BRAFV600E, YAP activity was shown to be induced in OIS as well as in melanoma cells compared to that in normal epidermal melanocytes. This led to the assumption that YAP activation itself is not a factor involved in the disruption of OIS. However, its role and interaction partners potentially change. As Wnt molecules are known to be important in melanoma progression, these molecules were the focus of subsequent studies. Interestingly, activation of Wnt signaling using AMBMP resulted in a disruption of OIS in BRAFV600E-transduced melanocytes. Furthermore, depletion of Wnt6, Wnt10b or β-catenin expression in melanoma cells resulted in the induction of senescence. Given that melanoma cells do not exhibit canonical Wnt/β-catenin activity, alternative β-catenin signaling pathways may disrupt OIS. Here, we discovered that β-catenin is an interaction partner of YAP on DNA in melanoma cells. Furthermore, the β-catenin-YAP interaction changed the gene expression pattern from senescence-stabilizing genes to tumor-supportive genes. This switch is caused by transcriptional coactivation via the LEF1/TEAD interaction. The target genes with binding sites for LEF1 and TEAD are involved in rRNA processing and are associated with poor prognosis in melanoma patients. This study revealed that an alternative YAP-Wnt signaling axis is an essential molecular mechanism leading to OIS disruption in melanocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viola Kluge
- Institute of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Melanie Kappelmann-Fenzl
- Institute of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
- Faculty of Computer Science, Deggendorf Institute of Technology, Dieter-Görlitz-Platz 1, 94469, Deggendorf, Germany
| | - Stefan Fischer
- Faculty of Computer Science, Deggendorf Institute of Technology, Dieter-Görlitz-Platz 1, 94469, Deggendorf, Germany
| | - Tom Zimmermann
- Institute of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michaela Pommer
- Institute of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Silke Kuphal
- Institute of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anja-Katrin Bosserhoff
- Institute of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany.
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Guo Y, Zhang S, Wang D, Heng BC, Deng X. Role of cell rearrangement and related signaling pathways in the dynamic process of tip cell selection. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:24. [PMID: 38195565 PMCID: PMC10777628 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01364-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is a complex, highly-coordinated and multi-step process of new blood vessel formation from pre-existing blood vessels. When initiated, the sprouting process is spearheaded by the specialized endothelial cells (ECs) known as tip cells, which guide the organization of accompanying stalk cells and determine the function and morphology of the finally-formed blood vessels. Recent studies indicate that the orchestration and coordination of angiogenesis involve dynamic tip cell selection, which is the competitive selection of cells to lead the angiogenic sprouts. Therefore, this review attempt to summarize the underlying mechanisms involved in tip cell specification in a dynamic manner to enable readers to gain a systemic and overall understanding of tip cell formation, involving cooperative interaction of cell rearrangement with Notch and YAP/TAZ signaling. Various mechanical and chemical signaling cues are integrated to ensure the right number of cells at the right place during angiogenesis, thereby precisely orchestrating morphogenic functions that ensure correct patterning of blood vessels. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaru Guo
- Department of Geriatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Shihan Zhang
- Department of Geriatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Dandan Wang
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Boon Chin Heng
- Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, China.
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Department of Dental Materials & Dental Medical Devices Testing Center, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Xuliang Deng
- Department of Geriatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China.
- National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing, China.
- Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, China.
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Xiao Y, Chen Y, Chen J, Dong J. ASPP2 Is Phosphorylated by CDK1 during Mitosis and Required for Pancreatic Cancer Cell Proliferation. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5424. [PMID: 38001686 PMCID: PMC10670399 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15225424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: pancreatic cancer is highly lethal. The role of apoptosis-stimulating protein of p53-2 (ASPP2) in this lethal disease remains unclear. This protein belongs to the ASPP family of p53 interacting proteins. Previous studies in this lab used phosphate-binding tag (Phos-tag) sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) polyacrylamide gels and identified a motility upshift of the ASPP family of proteins during mitosis. (2) Purpose: this study expands on previous findings to identify the detailed phosphorylation regulation of ASPP2 during mitosis, as well as the function of ASPP2 in pancreatic cancer. (3) Methods: the Phos-tag technique was used to investigate the phosphorylation mechanism of ASPP2 during mitosis. Phospho-specific antibodies were generated to validate the phosphorylation of ASPP2, and ASPP2-inducible expression cell lines were established to determine the role of ASPP2 in pancreatic cancer. RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) was used to uncover the downstream targets of ASPP2. (4) Results: results demonstrate that ASPP2 is phosphorylated during mitosis by cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) at sites S562 and S704. In vitro and in vivo results show that ASPP2 is required for pancreatic cancer growth. Furthermore, the expressions of yes-associated protein (YAP)-related genes are found to be dramatically altered by ASPP2 depletion. Together, these findings reveal the phosphorylation mechanism of ASPP2 during mitosis. Collectively, results strongly indicate that ASPP2 is a potential target for abating tumor cell growth in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jixin Dong
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (Y.X.); (Y.C.); (J.C.)
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Thrash HL, Pendergast AM. Multi-Functional Regulation by YAP/TAZ Signaling Networks in Tumor Progression and Metastasis. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4701. [PMID: 37835395 PMCID: PMC10572014 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15194701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The Hippo pathway transcriptional co-activators, YES-associated protein (YAP) and Transcriptional Co-Activator with PDZ Binding Motif (TAZ), have both been linked to tumor progression and metastasis. These two proteins possess overlapping and distinct functions, and their activities lead to the expression of genes involved in multiple cellular processes, including cell proliferation, survival, and migration. The dysregulation of YAP/TAZ-dependent cellular processes can result in altered tumor growth and metastasis. In addition to their well-documented roles in the regulation of cancer cell growth, survival, migration, and invasion, the YAP/TAZ-dependent signaling pathways have been more recently implicated in cellular processes that promote metastasis and therapy resistance in several solid tumor types. This review highlights the role of YAP/TAZ signaling networks in the regulation of tumor cell plasticity mediated by hybrid and reversible epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) states, and the promotion of cancer stem cell/progenitor phenotypes. Mechanistically, YAP and TAZ regulate these cellular processes by targeting transcriptional networks. In this review, we detail recently uncovered mechanisms whereby YAP and TAZ mediate tumor growth, metastasis, and therapy resistance, and discuss new therapeutic strategies to target YAP/TAZ function in various solid tumor types. Understanding the distinct and overlapping roles of YAP and TAZ in multiple cellular processes that promote tumor progression to metastasis is expected to enable the identification of effective therapies to treat solid tumors through the hyper-activation of YAP and TAZ.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ann Marie Pendergast
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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Voigt E, Quelle DE. FOXM1, MEK, and CDK4/6: New Targets for Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13596. [PMID: 37686402 PMCID: PMC10487994 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs) are deadly sarcomas, which desperately need effective therapies. Half of all MPNSTs arise in patients with neurofibromatosis type I (NF1), a common inherited disease. NF1 patients can develop benign lesions called plexiform neurofibromas (PNFs), often in adolescence, and over time, some PNFs, but not all, will transform into MPNSTs. A deeper understanding of the molecular and genetic alterations driving PNF-MPNST transformation will guide development of more targeted and effective treatments for these patients. This review focuses on an oncogenic transcription factor, FOXM1, which is a powerful oncogene in other cancers but little studied in MPNSTs. Elevated expression of FOXM1 was seen in patient MPNSTs and correlated with poor survival, but otherwise, its role in the disease is unknown. We discuss what is known about FOXM1 in MPNSTs relative to other cancers and how FOXM1 may be regulated by and/or regulate the most commonly altered players in MPNSTs, particularly in the MEK and CDK4/6 kinase pathways. We conclude by considering FOXM1, MEK, and CDK4/6 as new, clinically relevant targets for MPNST therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Voigt
- Cancer Biology Graduate Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA;
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Dawn E. Quelle
- Cancer Biology Graduate Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA;
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Department of Pathology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
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Liu X, Li J, Yang X, Li X, Kong J, Qi D, Zhang F, Sun B, Liu Y, Liu T. Carcinoma-associated fibroblast-derived lysyl oxidase-rich extracellular vesicles mediate collagen crosslinking and promote epithelial-mesenchymal transition via p-FAK/p-paxillin/YAP signaling. Int J Oral Sci 2023; 15:32. [PMID: 37532712 PMCID: PMC10397209 DOI: 10.1038/s41368-023-00236-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Carcinoma-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are the main cellular components of the tumor microenvironment and promote cancer progression by modifying the extracellular matrix (ECM). The tumor-associated ECM is characterized by collagen crosslinking catalyzed by lysyl oxidase (LOX). Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) mediate cell-cell communication. However, the interactions between sEVs and the ECM remain unclear. Here, we demonstrated that sEVs released from oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC)-derived CAFs induce collagen crosslinking, thereby promoting epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). CAF sEVs preferably bound to the ECM rather than being taken up by fibroblasts and induced collagen crosslinking, and a LOX inhibitor or blocking antibody suppressed this effect. Active LOX (αLOX), but not the LOX precursor, was enriched in CAF sEVs and interacted with periostin, fibronectin, and bone morphogenetic protein-1 on the surface of sEVs. CAF sEV-associated integrin α2β1 mediated the binding of CAF sEVs to collagen I, and blocking integrin α2β1 inhibited collagen crosslinking by interfering with CAF sEV binding to collagen I. CAF sEV-induced collagen crosslinking promoted the EMT of OSCC through FAK/paxillin/YAP pathway. Taken together, these findings reveal a novel role of CAF sEVs in tumor ECM remodeling, suggesting a critical mechanism for CAF-induced EMT of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Liu
- Department of Oral Pathology, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jiao Li
- Department of Oral Pathology, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xuesong Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Liaoning Provincial Core Lab of Glycobiology and Glycoengineering, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiaojie Li
- School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jing Kong
- School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Dongyuan Qi
- Department of Oral Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Fuyin Zhang
- Department of Oral Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Bo Sun
- Department of Oral Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yuehua Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Tingjiao Liu
- Department of Oral Pathology, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Mokhtari RB, Ashayeri N, Baghaie L, Sambi M, Satari K, Baluch N, Bosykh DA, Szewczuk MR, Chakraborty S. The Hippo Pathway Effectors YAP/TAZ-TEAD Oncoproteins as Emerging Therapeutic Targets in the Tumor Microenvironment. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3468. [PMID: 37444578 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15133468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Various cancer cell-associated intrinsic and extrinsic inputs act on YAP/TAZ proteins to mediate the hyperactivation of the TEAD transcription factor-based transcriptome. This YAP/TAZ-TEAD activity can override the growth-limiting Hippo tumor-suppressor pathway that maintains normal tissue homeostasis. Herein, we provide an integrated summary of the contrasting roles of YAP/TAZ during normal tissue homeostasis versus tumor initiation and progression. In addition to upstream factors that regulate YAP/TAZ in the TME, critical insights on the emerging functions of YAP/TAZ in immune suppression and abnormal vasculature development during tumorigenesis are illustrated. Lastly, we discuss the current methods that intervene with the YAP/TAZ-TEAD oncogenic signaling pathway and the emerging applications of combination therapies, gut microbiota, and epigenetic plasticity that could potentiate the efficacy of chemo/immunotherapy as improved cancer therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Bayat Mokhtari
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Neda Ashayeri
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Ali-Asghar Children Hospital, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran 1449614535, Iran
| | - Leili Baghaie
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Manpreet Sambi
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Kosar Satari
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Ali-Asghar Children Hospital, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran 1449614535, Iran
| | - Narges Baluch
- Department of Immunology and Allergy, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Dmitriy A Bosykh
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Myron R Szewczuk
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Sayan Chakraborty
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
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12
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Tomasso MR, Padrick SB. BORG family proteins in physiology and human disease. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2023; 80:182-198. [PMID: 37403807 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
The binder of rho GTPases (BORG)/Cdc42 effector proteins (Cdc42EP) family is composed of five Rho GTPase binding proteins whose functions and mechanism of actions are of emerging interest. Here, we review recent findings pertaining to the family as a whole and consider how these change our understanding of cellular organization. Recent studies have implicated BORGs in both fundamental physiology and in human diseases, mainly cancers. An emerging pattern suggests that BORG family members cancer-promoting properties are related to their ability to regulate the cytoskeleton, with many impacting the organization of acto-myosin stress fibers. This is consistent with the broader literature indicating that BORG family members are regulators of both the septin and actin cytoskeleton networks. The exact mechanism through which BORGs modify the cytoskeleton is not clear, but we consider here a few data-supported and speculative possibilities. Finally, we delve into how the Rho GTPase Cdc42 modifies BORG function in cells. This remains open-ended as Cdc42's effects on BORGs appear cell type- and cell state-dependent. Collectively, these data point to the importance of the BORG family and suggest broader themes in their function and regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meagan R Tomasso
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Shae B Padrick
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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13
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Cucci MA, Grattarola M, Monge C, Roetto A, Barrera G, Caputo E, Dianzani C, Pizzimenti S. Nrf2 as a Therapeutic Target in the Resistance to Targeted Therapies in Melanoma. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1313. [PMID: 37372043 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12061313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of specific inhibitors towards mutant BRAF (BRAFi) and MEK (MEKi) in BRAF-mutated patients has significantly improved progression-free and overall survival of metastatic melanoma patients. Nevertheless, half of the patients still develop resistance within the first year of therapy. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms of BRAFi/MEKi-acquired resistance has become a priority for researchers. Among others, oxidative stress-related mechanisms have emerged as a major force. The aim of this study was to evaluate the contribution of Nrf2, the master regulator of the cytoprotective and antioxidant response, in the BRAFi/MEKi acquired resistance of melanoma. Moreover, we investigated the mechanisms of its activity regulation and the possible cooperation with the oncogene YAP, which is also involved in chemoresistance. Taking advantage of established in vitro melanoma models resistant to BRAFi, MEKi, or dual resistance to BRAFi/MEKi, we demonstrated that Nrf2 was upregulated in melanoma cells resistant to targeted therapy at the post-translational level and that the deubiquitinase DUB3 participated in the control of the Nrf2 protein stability. Furthermore, we found that Nrf2 controlled the expression of YAP. Importantly, the inhibition of Nrf2, directly or through inhibition of DUB3, reverted the resistance to targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Angèle Cucci
- Department of Clinical and Biological Science, University of Turin, Corso Raffaello 30, 10125 Turin, Italy
| | - Margherita Grattarola
- Department of Clinical and Biological Science, University of Turin, Corso Raffaello 30, 10125 Turin, Italy
| | - Chiara Monge
- Department of Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, University of Turin, Via Pietro Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy
| | - Antonella Roetto
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences-San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, University of Turin, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043 Orbassano, Turin, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Barrera
- Department of Clinical and Biological Science, University of Turin, Corso Raffaello 30, 10125 Turin, Italy
| | - Emilia Caputo
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics-IGB-CNR, "A. Buzzati-Traverso", Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Chiara Dianzani
- Department of Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, University of Turin, Via Pietro Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy
| | - Stefania Pizzimenti
- Department of Clinical and Biological Science, University of Turin, Corso Raffaello 30, 10125 Turin, Italy
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14
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Ghalavand MA, Asghari A, Farhadi M, Taghizadeh-Hesary F, Garshasbi M, Falah M. The genetic landscape and possible therapeutics of neurofibromatosis type 2. Cancer Cell Int 2023; 23:99. [PMID: 37217995 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-023-02940-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) is a genetic condition marked by the development of multiple benign tumors in the nervous system. The most common tumors associated with NF2 are bilateral vestibular schwannoma, meningioma, and ependymoma. The clinical manifestations of NF2 depend on the site of involvement. Vestibular schwannoma can present with hearing loss, dizziness, and tinnitus, while spinal tumor leads to debilitating pain, muscle weakness, or paresthesias. Clinical diagnosis of NF2 is based on the Manchester criteria, which have been updated in the last decade. NF2 is caused by loss-of-function mutations in the NF2 gene on chromosome 22, leading the merlin protein to malfunction. Over half of NF2 patients have de novo mutations, and half of this group are mosaic. NF2 can be managed by surgery, stereotactic radiosurgery, monoclonal antibody bevacizumab, and close observation. However, the nature of multiple tumors and the necessity of multiple surgeries over the lifetime, inoperable tumors like meningiomatosis with infiltration of the sinus or in the area of the lower cranial nerves, the complications caused by the operation, the malignancies induced by radiotherapy, and inefficiency of cytotoxic chemotherapy due to the benign nature of NF-related tumors have led a march toward exploring targeted therapies. Recent advances in genetics and molecular biology have allowed identifying and targeting of underlying pathways in the pathogenesis of NF2. In this review, we explain the clinicopathological characteristics of NF2, its genetic and molecular background, and the current knowledge and challenges of implementing genetics to develop efficient therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Amin Ghalavand
- ENT and Head and Neck Research Center and Department, The Five Senses Health Institute, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alimohamad Asghari
- ENT and Head and Neck Research Center and Department, The Five Senses Health Institute, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Skull Base Research Center, The Five Senses Health Institute, Hazrat Rasoul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Farhadi
- ENT and Head and Neck Research Center and Department, The Five Senses Health Institute, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzad Taghizadeh-Hesary
- ENT and Head and Neck Research Center and Department, The Five Senses Health Institute, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Radiation Oncology Department, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Garshasbi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Masoumeh Falah
- ENT and Head and Neck Research Center and Department, The Five Senses Health Institute, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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15
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Xu X, Li H, Xie M, Zhou Z, Wang D, Mao W. LncRNAs and related molecular basis in malignant pleural mesothelioma: challenges and potential. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2023; 186:104012. [PMID: 37116816 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2023.104012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a rare but invasive cancer, which mainly arises from mesothelial tissues of pleura, peritoneum and pericardium. Despite significant advances in treatments, the prognosis of MPM patients remains poor, and the 5-year survival rate is less than 10%. Therefore, it is urgent to explore novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of MPM. Growing evidence has indicated that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) potentially could be promising therapeutic targets for numerous cancers. In this regard, lncRNAs might also potentially therapeutic targets for MPM. Recent advances have been made to investigate the molecular basis of MPM. This review first provides a comprehensive overview of roles of lncRNAs in MPM and then discusses the relationship between molecular basis of MPM and MPM-related lncRNAs to implement them as promising therapeutic targets for MPM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Xu
- Key Laboratory on Diagnosis and Treatment Technology on Thoracic Cancer, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, China
| | - Huihui Li
- Key Laboratory on Diagnosis and Treatment Technology on Thoracic Cancer, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, China
| | - Mingying Xie
- Key Laboratory on Diagnosis and Treatment Technology on Thoracic Cancer, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, China
| | - Zichao Zhou
- Key Laboratory on Diagnosis and Treatment Technology on Thoracic Cancer, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, China
| | - Ding Wang
- Key Laboratory on Diagnosis and Treatment Technology on Thoracic Cancer, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, China; The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Weimin Mao
- Key Laboratory on Diagnosis and Treatment Technology on Thoracic Cancer, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, China; The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China; Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital (Zhejiang Cancer Research Institute), Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
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16
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Rejuvenation of tendon stem/progenitor cells for functional tendon regeneration through platelet-derived exosomes loaded with recombinant Yap1. Acta Biomater 2023; 161:80-99. [PMID: 36804538 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
The regenerative capabilities including self-renewal, migration and differentiation potentials shift from the embryonic phase to the mature period of endogenous tendon stem/progenitor cells (TSPCs) characterize restricted functions and disabilities following tendon injuries. Recent studies have shown that tendon regeneration and repair rely on multiple specific transcription factors to maintain TSPCs characteristics and functions. Here, we demonstrate Yap, a Hippo pathway downstream effector, is associated with TSPCs phenotype and regenerative potentials through gene expression analysis of tendon development and repair process. Exosomes have been proven an efficient transport platform for drug delivery. In this study, purified exosomes derived from donor platelets are loaded with recombinant Yap1 protein (PLT-Exo-Yap1) via electroporation to promote the stemness and differentiation potentials of TSPCs in vitro. Programmed TSPCs with Yap1 import maintain stemness and functions after long-term passage in vitro. The increased oxidative stress levels of TSPCs are related to the phenotype changes in duplicative senescent processes. The results show that treatment with PLT-Exo-Yap1 significantly protects TSPCs against oxidative stressor-induced stemness loss and senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) through the NF-κB signaling pathway. In addition, we fabricate an Exos-Yap1-functioned GelMA hydrogel with a parallel-aligned substrate structure to enhance TSPCs adhesion, promote cell stemness and force regenerative cells toward the tendon lineage for in vitro and in vivo tendon regeneration. The application of Exos-Yap1 functioned implant assists new tendon-like tissue formation with good mechanical properties and locomotor functions in a full-cut Achilles tendon defect model. Thus, PLT-Exo-Yap1-functionalized GelMA promotes the rejuvenation of TSPCs to facilitate functional tendon regeneration. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: This is the first study to explore that the hippo pathway downstream effector Yap is involved in tendon aging and repair processes, and is associated with the regenerative capabilities of TSPCs. In this syudy, Platelet-derived exosomes (PLT-Exos) act as an appropriate carrier platform for the delivery of recombinant Yap1 into TSPCs to regulate Yap activity. Effective Yap1 delivery inhibit oxidative stress-induced senescence associated phenotype of TSPCs by blocking ROS-mediated NF-κb signaling pathway activation. This study emphasizes that combined application of biomimetic scaffolds and Yap1 loaded PLT-Exos can provide structural support and promote rejuvenation of resident cells to assist functional regeneration for Achilles tendon defect, and has the prospect of clinical setting.
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Polyacetylene Isomers Isolated from Bidens pilosa L. Suppress the Metastasis of Gastric Cancer Cells by Inhibiting Wnt/ β-Catenin and Hippo/YAP Signaling Pathways. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28041837. [PMID: 36838824 PMCID: PMC9962988 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
(E)-7-Phenyl-2-hepten-4,6-diyn-1-ol (1) and (Z)-7-Phenyl-2-hepten-4,6-diyn-1-ol (2) are isomeric natural polyacetylenes isolated from the Chinese medicinal plant Bidens pilosa L. This study first revealed the excellent anti-metastasis potential of these two polyacetylenes on human gastric cancer HGC-27 cells and the distinctive molecular mechanisms underlying their activities. Polyacetylenes 1 and 2 significantly inhibited the migration, invasion, and adhesion of HGC-27 cells at their non-toxic concentrations in a dose-dependent manner. The results of a further mechanism investigation showed that polyacetylene 1 inhibited the expressions of Vimentin, Snail, β-catenin, GSK3β, MST1, YAP, YAP/TAZ, and their phosphorylation, and upregulated the expression of E-cadherin and p-LATS1. In addition, the expressions of various downstream metastasis-related proteins, such as MMP2/7/9/14, c-Myc, ICAM-1, VCAM-1, MAPK, p-MAPK, Sox2, Cox2, and Cyr61, were also suppressed in a dose-dependent manner. These findings suggested that polyacetylene 1 exhibited its anti-metastasis activities on HGC-27 cells through the reversal of the EMT process and the suppression of the Wnt/β-catenin and Hippo/YAP signaling pathways.
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18
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Zhou Z, Suo Y, Bai J, Lin F, Gao X, Shan H, Ni Y, Zhou X, Sheng L, Dai J. Matrix Stiffness Activating YAP/TEAD1-Cyclin B1 in Nucleus Pulposus Cells Promotes Intervertebral Disc Degeneration. Aging Dis 2023:AD.2023.00205. [PMID: 37196128 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2023.00205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Intervertebral disc degeneration is a leading cause of disability in the elderly population. Rigid extracellular matrix is a critical pathological feature of disc degeneration, leading to aberrant nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs) proliferation. However, the underlying mechanism is unclear. Here, we hypothesize that increased matrix stiffness induces proliferation and thus degenerative phenotypes of NPCs through YAP/TEAD1 signaling pathway. We established hydrogel substrates to mimic stiffness of degenerated human nucleus pulposus tissues. RNA-sequencing identified differentially expressed genes between primary rat NPCs cultured on rigid and soft hydrogels. Dual luciferase assay and gain- and loss-function experiments evaluated the correlation between YAP/TEAD1 and Cyclin B1. Furthermore, single-cell RNA-sequencing of human NPCs was performed to identify specific cell clusters with high YAP expression. Matrix stiffness increased in severely degenerated human nucleus pulposus tissues (p < 0.05). Rigid substrate enhanced rat NPCs proliferation mainly through Cyclin B1, which was directly targeted and positively regulated by YAP/TEAD1. Depletion of YAP or Cyclin B1 arrested G2/M phase progression of rat NPCs and reduced fibrotic phenotypes including MMP13 and CTGF (p < 0.05). Fibro NPCs with high YAP expression were identified in human tissues and responsible for fibrogenesis during degeneration. Furthermore, inhibition of YAP/TEAD interaction by verteporfin suppressed cell proliferation and alleviated degeneration in the disc needle puncture model (p < 0.05). Our results demonstrate that elevated matrix stiffness stimulates fibro NPCs proliferation through YAP/TEAD1-Cyclin B1 axis, indicating a therapeutic target for disc degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijie Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yinxuan Suo
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jinyu Bai
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fanguo Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huajian Shan
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yichao Ni
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaozhong Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lei Sheng
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun Dai
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
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19
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Zhang C, Li Y, Chakraborty A, Li Y, Rebello KR, Ren P, Luo W, Zhang L, Lu HS, Cassis LA, Coselli JS, Daugherty A, LeMaire SA, Shen YH. Aortic Stress Activates an Adaptive Program in Thoracic Aortic Smooth Muscle Cells That Maintains Aortic Strength and Protects Against Aneurysm and Dissection in Mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2023; 43:234-252. [PMID: 36579645 PMCID: PMC9877188 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.122.318135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND When aortic cells are under stress, such as increased hemodynamic pressure, they adapt to the environment by modifying their functions, allowing the aorta to maintain its strength. To understand the regulation of this adaptive response, we examined transcriptomic and epigenomic programs in aortic smooth muscle cells (SMCs) during the adaptive response to AngII (angiotensin II) infusion and determined its importance in protecting against aortic aneurysm and dissection (AAD). METHODS We performed single-cell RNA sequencing and single-cell sequencing assay for transposase-accessible chromatin (scATAC-seq) analyses in a mouse model of sporadic AAD induced by AngII infusion. We also examined the direct effects of YAP (yes-associated protein) on the SMC adaptive response in vitro. The role of YAP in AAD development was further evaluated in AngII-infused mice with SMC-specific Yap deletion. RESULTS In wild-type mice, AngII infusion increased medial thickness in the thoracic aorta. Single-cell RNA sequencing analysis revealed an adaptive response in thoracic SMCs characterized by upregulated genes with roles in wound healing, elastin and collagen production, proliferation, migration, cytoskeleton organization, cell-matrix focal adhesion, and PI3K-PKB/Akt (phosphoinositide-3-kinase-protein kinase B/Akt) and TGF-β (transforming growth factor beta) signaling. ScATAC-seq analysis showed increased chromatin accessibility at regulatory regions of adaptive genes and revealed the mechanical sensor YAP/transcriptional enhanced associate domains as a top candidate transcription complex driving the expression of these genes (eg, Lox, Col5a2, Tgfb2). In cultured human aortic SMCs, cyclic stretch activated YAP, which directly bound to adaptive gene regulatory regions (eg, Lox) and increased their transcript abundance. SMC-specific Yap deletion in mice compromised this adaptive response in SMCs, leading to an increased AAD incidence. CONCLUSIONS Aortic stress triggers the systemic epigenetic induction of an adaptive response (eg, wound healing, proliferation, matrix organization) in thoracic aortic SMCs that depends on functional biomechanical signal transduction (eg, YAP signaling). Our study highlights the importance of the adaptive response in maintaining aortic homeostasis and preventing AAD in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhang
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (C.Z., Y.L., A.C., Y.L., K.R.R., P.R., W.L., L.Z., J.S.C., S.A.L., Y.H.S.)
- Texas Heart Institute, Houston (C.Z., Y.L., A.C., Y.L., K.R.R., P.R., W.L., L.Z., J.S.C., S.A.L.)
| | - Yanming Li
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (C.Z., Y.L., A.C., Y.L., K.R.R., P.R., W.L., L.Z., J.S.C., S.A.L., Y.H.S.)
- Texas Heart Institute, Houston (C.Z., Y.L., A.C., Y.L., K.R.R., P.R., W.L., L.Z., J.S.C., S.A.L.)
| | - Abhijit Chakraborty
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (C.Z., Y.L., A.C., Y.L., K.R.R., P.R., W.L., L.Z., J.S.C., S.A.L., Y.H.S.)
- Texas Heart Institute, Houston (C.Z., Y.L., A.C., Y.L., K.R.R., P.R., W.L., L.Z., J.S.C., S.A.L.)
| | - Yang Li
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (C.Z., Y.L., A.C., Y.L., K.R.R., P.R., W.L., L.Z., J.S.C., S.A.L., Y.H.S.)
- Texas Heart Institute, Houston (C.Z., Y.L., A.C., Y.L., K.R.R., P.R., W.L., L.Z., J.S.C., S.A.L.)
| | - Kimberly R Rebello
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (C.Z., Y.L., A.C., Y.L., K.R.R., P.R., W.L., L.Z., J.S.C., S.A.L., Y.H.S.)
- Texas Heart Institute, Houston (C.Z., Y.L., A.C., Y.L., K.R.R., P.R., W.L., L.Z., J.S.C., S.A.L.)
| | - Pingping Ren
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (C.Z., Y.L., A.C., Y.L., K.R.R., P.R., W.L., L.Z., J.S.C., S.A.L., Y.H.S.)
- Texas Heart Institute, Houston (C.Z., Y.L., A.C., Y.L., K.R.R., P.R., W.L., L.Z., J.S.C., S.A.L.)
| | - Wei Luo
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (C.Z., Y.L., A.C., Y.L., K.R.R., P.R., W.L., L.Z., J.S.C., S.A.L., Y.H.S.)
- Texas Heart Institute, Houston (C.Z., Y.L., A.C., Y.L., K.R.R., P.R., W.L., L.Z., J.S.C., S.A.L.)
| | - Lin Zhang
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (C.Z., Y.L., A.C., Y.L., K.R.R., P.R., W.L., L.Z., J.S.C., S.A.L., Y.H.S.)
- Texas Heart Institute, Houston (C.Z., Y.L., A.C., Y.L., K.R.R., P.R., W.L., L.Z., J.S.C., S.A.L.)
| | - Hong S Lu
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center (H.S.L., A.D.), University of Kentucky, Lexington
- Department of Physiology (H.S.L., A.D.), University of Kentucky, Lexington
| | - Lisa A Cassis
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences (L.A.C.), University of Kentucky, Lexington
| | - Joseph S Coselli
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (C.Z., Y.L., A.C., Y.L., K.R.R., P.R., W.L., L.Z., J.S.C., S.A.L., Y.H.S.)
- Texas Heart Institute, Houston (C.Z., Y.L., A.C., Y.L., K.R.R., P.R., W.L., L.Z., J.S.C., S.A.L.)
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (J.S.C., S.A.L., Y.S.)
| | - Alan Daugherty
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center (H.S.L., A.D.), University of Kentucky, Lexington
- Department of Physiology (H.S.L., A.D.), University of Kentucky, Lexington
| | - Scott A LeMaire
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (C.Z., Y.L., A.C., Y.L., K.R.R., P.R., W.L., L.Z., J.S.C., S.A.L., Y.H.S.)
- Texas Heart Institute, Houston (C.Z., Y.L., A.C., Y.L., K.R.R., P.R., W.L., L.Z., J.S.C., S.A.L.)
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (J.S.C., S.A.L., Y.S.)
| | - Ying H Shen
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (C.Z., Y.L., A.C., Y.L., K.R.R., P.R., W.L., L.Z., J.S.C., S.A.L., Y.H.S.)
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (J.S.C., S.A.L., Y.S.)
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20
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Piccolo S, Panciera T, Contessotto P, Cordenonsi M. YAP/TAZ as master regulators in cancer: modulation, function and therapeutic approaches. NATURE CANCER 2023; 4:9-26. [PMID: 36564601 PMCID: PMC7614914 DOI: 10.1038/s43018-022-00473-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Our understanding of the function of the transcriptional regulators YAP and TAZ (YAP/TAZ) in cancer is advancing. In this Review, we provide an update on recent progress in YAP/TAZ biology, their regulation by Hippo signaling and mechanotransduction and highlight open questions. YAP/TAZ signaling is an addiction shared by multiple tumor types and their microenvironments, providing many malignant attributes. As such, it represents an important vulnerability that may offer a broad window of therapeutic efficacy, and here we give an overview of the current treatment strategies and pioneering clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Piccolo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
- IFOM-ETS, the AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy.
| | - Tito Panciera
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
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21
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Ahi EP, Sinclair-Waters M, Donner I, Primmer CR. A pituitary gene network linking vgll3 to regulators of sexual maturation in male Atlantic salmon. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2023; 275:111337. [PMID: 36341967 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2022.111337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Age at maturity is a key life history trait and a significant contributor to life history strategy variation. The maturation process is influenced by genetic and environmental factors, but specific causes of variation in maturation timing remain elusive. In many species, the increase in the regulatory gonadotropin-releasing hormone 1 (GnRH1) marks the onset of puberty. Atlantic salmon, however, lacks the gnrh1 gene, suggesting gnrh3 and/or other regulatory factors are involved in the maturation process. Earlier research in Atlantic salmon has found a strong association between alternative alleles of vgll3 and maturation timing. Recently we reported strong induction of gonadotropin genes (fshb and lhb) in the pituitary of Atlantic salmon homozygous for the early maturation allele (E) of vgll3. The induction of gonadotropins was accompanied by increased expression of their direct upstream regulators, c-jun and sf1 (nr5a1b) but the regulatory connection between vgll3 and these regulators has never been investigated in any organism. In this study, we investigated the potential regulatory connection between vgll3 genotypes and these regulators through a stepwise approach of identifying a gene regulatory network (GRN) containing c-jun and sf1, and transcription factor motif enrichment analysis. We found a GRN containing c-jun with predicted upstream regulators, e2f1, egr1, foxj1 and klf4, to be differentially expressed in the pituitary. Finally, we suggest a vgll3 and Hippo pathway -dependent model for transcriptional regulation of c-jun and sf1 in the pituitary, which may have broader implications across vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Pashay Ahi
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 9, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Marion Sinclair-Waters
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 9, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionelle et Evolutive, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Montpellier, France. https://twitter.com/Marionswaters
| | - Iikki Donner
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 9, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Craig R Primmer
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 9, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, Finland.
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22
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Luo M, Xu Y, Chen H, Wu Y, Pang A, Hu J, Dong X, Che J, Yang H. Advances of targeting the YAP/TAZ-TEAD complex in the hippo pathway for the treatment of cancers. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 244:114847. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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23
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Sileo P, Simonin C, Melnyk P, Chartier-Harlin MC, Cotelle P. Crosstalk between the Hippo Pathway and the Wnt Pathway in Huntington's Disease and Other Neurodegenerative Disorders. Cells 2022; 11:cells11223631. [PMID: 36429058 PMCID: PMC9688160 DOI: 10.3390/cells11223631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hippo pathway consists of a cascade of kinases that controls the phosphorylation of the co-activators YAP/TAZ. When unphosphorylated, YAP and TAZ translocate into the nucleus, where they mainly bind to the TEAD transcription factor family and activate genes related to cell proliferation and survival. In this way, the inhibition of the Hippo pathway promotes cell survival, proliferation, and stemness fate. Another pathway can modulate these processes, namely the Wnt/β-catenin pathway that is indeed involved in cellular functions such as proliferation and cell survival, as well as apoptosis, growth, and cell renewal. Wnt signaling can act in a canonical or noncanonical way, depending on whether β-catenin is involved in the process. In this review, we will focus only on the canonical Wnt pathway. It has emerged that YAP/TAZ are components of the β-catenin destruction complex and that there is a close relationship between the Hippo pathway and the canonical Wnt pathway. Furthermore, recent data have shown that both of these pathways may play a role in neurodegenerative diseases, such as Huntington's disease, Alzheimer's disease, or Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Thus, this review analyzes the Hippo pathway and the Wnt pathway, their crosstalk, and their involvement in Huntington's disease, as well as in other neurodegenerative disorders. Altogether, these data suggest possible therapeutic approaches targeting key players of these pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Sileo
- Univ. Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172, Lille Neuroscience and Cognition Research Center, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Clémence Simonin
- Univ. Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172, Lille Neuroscience and Cognition Research Center, F-59000 Lille, France
- Centre de Référence Maladie de Huntington, CHU Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Patricia Melnyk
- Univ. Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172, Lille Neuroscience and Cognition Research Center, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Marie-Christine Chartier-Harlin
- Univ. Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172, Lille Neuroscience and Cognition Research Center, F-59000 Lille, France
- Correspondence: (M.-C.C.-H.); (P.C.)
| | - Philippe Cotelle
- Univ. Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172, Lille Neuroscience and Cognition Research Center, F-59000 Lille, France
- ENSCL-Centrale Lille, CS 90108, F-59652 Villeneuve d’Ascq, France
- Correspondence: (M.-C.C.-H.); (P.C.)
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24
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Sun Y, Hu L, Tao Z, Jarugumilli GK, Erb H, Singh A, Li Q, Cotton JL, Greninger P, Egan RK, Tony Ip Y, Benes CH, Che J, Mao J, Wu X. Pharmacological blockade of TEAD-YAP reveals its therapeutic limitation in cancer cells. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6744. [PMID: 36347861 PMCID: PMC9643419 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34559-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeting TEAD autopalmitoylation has been proposed as a therapeutic approach for YAP-dependent cancers. Here we show that TEAD palmitoylation inhibitor MGH-CP1 and analogues block cancer cell "stemness", organ overgrowth and tumor initiation in vitro and in vivo. MGH-CP1 sensitivity correlates significantly with YAP-dependency in a large panel of cancer cell lines. However, TEAD inhibition or YAP/TAZ knockdown leads to transient inhibition of cell cycle progression without inducing cell death, undermining their potential therapeutic utilities. We further reveal that TEAD inhibition or YAP/TAZ silencing leads to VGLL3-mediated transcriptional activation of SOX4/PI3K/AKT signaling axis, which contributes to cancer cell survival and confers therapeutic resistance to TEAD inhibitors. Consistently, combination of TEAD and AKT inhibitors exhibits strong synergy in inducing cancer cell death. Our work characterizes the therapeutic opportunities and limitations of TEAD palmitoylation inhibitors in cancers, and uncovers an intrinsic molecular mechanism, which confers potential therapeutic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Sun
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, MA, USA.
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Lu Hu
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, MA, USA
| | - Zhipeng Tao
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, MA, USA
| | - Gopala K Jarugumilli
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, MA, USA
| | - Hannah Erb
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, MA, USA
| | - Alka Singh
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, MA, USA
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, MA, USA
| | - Jennifer L Cotton
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, MA, USA
| | - Patricia Greninger
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, MA, USA
| | - Regina K Egan
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, MA, USA
| | - Y Tony Ip
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, MA, USA
| | - Cyril H Benes
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, MA, USA
| | - Jianwei Che
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, MA, USA
| | - Junhao Mao
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, MA, USA.
| | - Xu Wu
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, MA, USA.
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25
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Paajanen J, Bueno R, De Rienzo A. The Rocky Road from Preclinical Findings to Successful Targeted Therapy in Pleural Mesothelioma. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13422. [PMID: 36362209 PMCID: PMC9658134 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Pleural mesothelioma (PM) is a rare and aggressive disease that arises from the mesothelial cells lining the pleural cavity. Approximately 80% of PM patients have a history of asbestos exposure. The long latency period of 20-40 years from the time of asbestos exposure to diagnosis, suggests that multiple somatic genetic alterations are required for the tumorigenesis of PM. The genomic landscape of PM has been characterized by inter- and intratumor heterogeneity associated with the impairment of tumor suppressor genes such as CDKN2A, NF2, and BAP1. Current systemic therapies have shown only limited efficacy, and none is approved for patients with relapsed PM. Advances in understanding of the molecular landscape of PM has facilitated several biomarker-driven clinical trials but so far, no predictive biomarkers for targeted therapies are in clinical use. Recent advances in the PM genetics have provided optimism for successful molecular strategies in the future. Here, we summarize the molecular mechanism underlying PM pathogenesis and review potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Raphael Bueno
- The Thoracic Surgery Oncology Laboratory and The International Mesothelioma Program, Division of Thoracic Surgery and the Lung Center, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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26
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Lorenzini E, Torricelli F, Zamponi R, Donati B, Manicardi V, Sauta E, Faria do Valle I, Reggiani F, Gugnoni M, Manzotti G, Fragliasso V, Vitale E, Piana S, Sancisi V, Ciarrocchi A. KAP1 is a new non-genetic vulnerability of malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM). NAR Cancer 2022; 4:zcac024. [PMID: 35910692 PMCID: PMC9336180 DOI: 10.1093/narcan/zcac024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a rare and incurable cancer, which incidence is increasing in many countries. MPM escapes the classical genetic model of cancer evolution, lacking a distinctive genetic fingerprint. Omics profiling revealed extensive heterogeneity failing to identify major vulnerabilities and restraining development of MPM-oriented therapies. Here, we performed a multilayered analysis based on a functional genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 screening integrated with patients molecular and clinical data, to identify new non-genetic vulnerabilities of MPM. We identified a core of 18 functionally-related genes as essential for MPM cells. The chromatin reader KAP1 emerged as a dependency of MPM. We showed that KAP1 supports cell growth by orchestrating the expression of a G2/M-specific program, ensuring mitosis correct execution. Targeting KAP1 transcriptional function, by using CDK9 inhibitors resulted in a dramatic loss of MPM cells viability and shutdown of the KAP1-mediated program. Validation analysis on two independent MPM-patients sets, including a consecutive, retrospective cohort of 97 MPM, confirmed KAP1 as new non-genetic dependency of MPM and proved the association of its dependent gene program with reduced patients’ survival probability. Overall these data: provided new insights into the biology of MPM delineating KAP1 and its target genes as building blocks of its clinical aggressiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia Lorenzini
- Laboratory of Translational Research , Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy
- Cellular and Molecular Biology PhD Program, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna , Italy
| | - Federica Torricelli
- Laboratory of Translational Research , Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Raffaella Zamponi
- Laboratory of Translational Research , Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Benedetta Donati
- Laboratory of Translational Research , Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Veronica Manicardi
- Laboratory of Translational Research , Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy
- Clinical and Experimental Medicine PhD Program, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia , 41121 Modena , Italy
| | - Elisabetta Sauta
- Laboratory of Translational Research , Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy
- Department of Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering, University of Pavi, , 27100 Pavia , Italy
| | - Italo Faria do Valle
- Department of Physics, Center for Complex Network Research, Northeastern University , Boston , MA 02115 , USA
| | - Francesca Reggiani
- Laboratory of Translational Research , Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Mila Gugnoni
- Laboratory of Translational Research , Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Gloria Manzotti
- Laboratory of Translational Research , Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Valentina Fragliasso
- Laboratory of Translational Research , Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Emanuele Vitale
- Laboratory of Translational Research , Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy
- Clinical and Experimental Medicine PhD Program, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia , 41121 Modena , Italy
| | - Simonetta Piana
- Pathology Unit , Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Valentina Sancisi
- Laboratory of Translational Research , Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Alessia Ciarrocchi
- Laboratory of Translational Research , Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy
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27
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Lan C, Ni B, Zhao T, Li Z, Wang J, Ma Y, Li W, Wang X. An Integrative Pan-Cancer Analysis Revealing MLN4924 (Pevonedistat) as a Potential Therapeutic Agent Targeting Skp2 in YAP-Driven Cancers. Front Genet 2022; 13:866702. [PMID: 35685435 PMCID: PMC9171011 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.866702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: YAP, coded by YAP1 gene, is critical in the Hippo pathway. It has been reported to be involved in the tumorigenesis and progression of several cancers. However, its roles on tumor cell proliferation in diverse cancers remain to be elucidated. And there is currently no clinically feasible drug that can directly target YAP in cancers. This research aimed to explore the regulatory mechanism of YAP in promoting tumor proliferation of multiple cancers, in order to find new strategies for inhibiting the overgrowth of YAP-driven cancers. Methods: We investigated the expression pattern of YAP1 in pan-cancer across numerous databases and our cohorts. First, univariate Cox regression analysis and survival analysis were used to evaluate the effect of YAP1 on the prognosis of cancer patients. Second, TIMER was used to explore the relationship between YAP1 expression and tumor cell proliferation. Third, functional and pathway enrichment was performed to search for targets of YAP involved in cell cycle in cancers. At last, GDSC and CCLE datasets were used to assess the correlation between SKP2 expression and MLN4924 IC50 values. Results: Differential expression analysis of multiple databases and qPCR validation showed that YAP1 was generally overexpressed in pan-cancers. Survival analysis revealed that YAP1 over-expression was significantly related to poor prognosis of patients with PAAD. The expression level of YAP1 was positively correlated with the proliferation in varieties of tumors. Further, SKP2 was confirmed as a target of YAP in promoting tumor cell proliferation. In addition, SKP2 expression was negatively correlated with MLN4924 IC50 values in almost all cancer types. Conclusion:YAP1 is frequently overexpressed in human cancers. YAP promoted tumor cell proliferation by up-regulating SKP2 expression in multiple cancers. The comprehensive pan-cancer analysis suggested that inhibition of Skp2 with MLN4924 might be an effective therapeutic strategy for attenuating tumor cell proliferation in YAP-driven cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chungen Lan
- Department of Breast Cancer Pathology and Research Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Department of Pancreatic Carcinoma, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
| | - Bo Ni
- Department of Pancreatic Carcinoma, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
| | - Tiansuo Zhao
- Department of Pancreatic Carcinoma, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
| | - Zekun Li
- Department of Pancreatic Carcinoma, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
| | - Junjin Wang
- Department of Pancreatic Carcinoma, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
| | - Ying Ma
- Department of Pancreatic Carcinoma, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
| | - Weidong Li
- Department of Breast Cancer Pathology and Research Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiuchao Wang
- Department of Pancreatic Carcinoma, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
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28
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Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) and CDK6 are critical mediators of cellular transition into S phase and are important for the initiation, growth and survival of many cancer types. Pharmacological inhibitors of CDK4/6 have rapidly become a new standard of care for patients with advanced hormone receptor-positive breast cancer. As expected, CDK4/6 inhibitors arrest sensitive tumour cells in the G1 phase of the cell cycle. However, the effects of CDK4/6 inhibition are far more wide-reaching. New insights into their mechanisms of action have triggered identification of new therapeutic opportunities, including the development of novel combination regimens, expanded application to a broader range of cancers and use as supportive care to ameliorate the toxic effects of other therapies. Exploring these new opportunities in the clinic is an urgent priority, which in many cases has not been adequately addressed. Here, we provide a framework for conceptualizing the activity of CDK4/6 inhibitors in cancer and explain how this framework might shape the future clinical development of these agents. We also discuss the biological underpinnings of CDK4/6 inhibitor resistance, an increasingly common challenge in clinical oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shom Goel
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Johann S Bergholz
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jean J Zhao
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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29
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Basak T, Ain R. Molecular regulation of trophoblast stem cell self-renewal and giant cell differentiation by the Hippo components YAP and LATS1. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:189. [PMID: 35526072 PMCID: PMC9080189 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-02844-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Trophoblast stem cells (TSCs), the precursors of trophoblast cells of placenta, possess the potential to differentiate into various trophoblastic subtypes in vitro. Establishment of extraembryonic trophoblastic lineage is preceded by the “outside versus inside” positional information in preimplantation embryos, critically synchronized by the Hippo components. Abundant expression of Hippo effector YAP in TSCs and differentiated cells with paucity of information on Hippo regulation of TSC proliferation/differentiation led us test the hypothesis that Hippo dynamics is one of the regulators of TSC proliferation/differentiation. Methods Blastocyst-derived murine TSCs were used. Dynamics of Hippo components were analyzed using immunofluorescence, western blotting, immunoprecipitation, qRT-PCR. Interaction studies were performed using full-length and deletion constructs. BrdU incorporation assay, flow cytometry-based polyploidy analysis and confocal microscopy were used to decipher the underlying mechanism. Results YAP translocates to the nucleus in TSCs and utilizes its WW2 domain to interact with the PPQY motif of the stemness factor, CDX2. YAP limits TSC proliferation with associated effect on CDX2 target CyclinD1. Trophoblast giant cells (TGC) differentiation is associated with cytoplasmic retention of YAP, heightened pYAPSer127, decrease in the level of the core Hippo component, LATS1, which thereby impedes LATS1-LIMK2 association. Decreased LATS1-LIMK2 complex formation in TGCs was associated with elevated pLIMK2Thr505 as well as its target pCOFILINSer3. Precocious overexpression of LATS1 during trophoblast differentiation decreased TGC marker, Prl2c2, diminished pLIMK2Thr505 and inactive COFILIN (pCOFILINSer3) while COFILIN-phosphatase, CHRONOPHIN remained unchanged. LATS1 overexpression inhibited trophoblast endoreduplication with smaller-sized TGC-nuclei, lower ploidy level and disintegrated actin filaments. Inhibition of LIMK2 activity recapitulated the effects of LATS1 overexpression in trophoblast cells. Conclusion These results unveil a multilayered regulation of trophoblast self-renewal and differentiation by the Hippo components. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13287-022-02844-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trishita Basak
- Division of Cell Biology and Physiology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700032, India
| | - Rupasri Ain
- Division of Cell Biology and Physiology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700032, India.
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30
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Sementino E, Kadariya Y, Cheung M, Menges CW, Tan Y, Kukuyan AM, Shrestha U, Karchugina S, Cai KQ, Peri S, Duncan JS, Chernoff J, Testa JR. Inactivation of p21-Activated Kinase 2 (Pak2) Inhibits the Development of Nf2-Deficient Tumors by Restricting Downstream Hedgehog and Wnt Signaling. Mol Cancer Res 2022; 20:699-711. [PMID: 35082167 PMCID: PMC9081258 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-21-0837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Because loss of the NF2 tumor suppressor gene results in p21-activated kinase (Pak) activation, PAK inhibitors hold promise for the treatment of NF2-deficient tumors. To test this possibility, we asked if loss of Pak2, a highly expressed group I PAK member, affects the development of malignant mesothelioma in Nf2;Cdkn2a-deficient (NC) mice and the growth properties of NC mesothelioma cells in culture. In vivo, deletion of Pak2 resulted in a markedly decreased incidence and delayed onset of both pleural and peritoneal malignant mesotheliomas in NC mice. In vitro, Pak2 deletion decreased malignant mesothelioma cell viability, migration, clonogenicity, and spheroid formation. RNA-sequencing analysis demonstrated downregulated expression of Hedgehog and Wnt pathway genes in NC;Pak2-/- mesothelioma cells versus NC;Pak2+/+ mesothelioma cells. Targeting of the Hedgehog signaling component Gli1 or its target gene Myc inhibited cell viability and spheroid formation in NC;P+/+ mesothelioma cells. Kinome profiling uncovered kinase changes indicative of EMT in NC;Pak2-/- mesothelioma cells, suggesting that Pak2-deficient malignant mesotheliomas can adapt by reprogramming their kinome in the absence of Pak activity. The identification of such compensatory pathways offers opportunities for rational combination therapies to circumvent resistance to anti-PAK drugs. IMPLICATIONS We provide evidence supporting a role for PAK inhibitors in treating NF2-deficient tumors. NF2-deficient tumors lacking Pak2 eventually adapt by kinome reprogramming, presenting opportunities for combination therapies to bypass anti-PAK drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Sementino
- Cancer Signaling and Epigenetics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Yuwaraj Kadariya
- Cancer Signaling and Epigenetics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Mitchell Cheung
- Cancer Signaling and Epigenetics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Craig W. Menges
- Cancer Signaling and Epigenetics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Yinfei Tan
- Genomics Facility, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Anna-Mariya Kukuyan
- Cancer Signaling and Epigenetics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ujjawal Shrestha
- Cancer Signaling and Epigenetics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Sofiia Karchugina
- Cancer Signaling and Epigenetics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Kathy Q. Cai
- Histopathology Facility, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Suraj Peri
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Facility, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - James S. Duncan
- Cancer Signaling and Epigenetics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jonathan Chernoff
- Cancer Signaling and Epigenetics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Joseph R. Testa
- Cancer Signaling and Epigenetics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Joseph R. Testa, Ph.D., Fox Chase Cancer Center, 333 Cottman Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 1911; Phone: (215) 728-2610; Fax: (215) 214-1619;
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31
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Xu P, Wang C, Xiang W, Liang Y, Li Y, Zhang X, Guo C, Liu M, Shi Y, Ye X, Dang Y. P2RY6 has a critical role in mouse skin carcinogenesis by regulating the YAP and β-catenin signaling pathways. J Invest Dermatol 2022; 142:2334-2342.e8. [PMID: 35304248 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2022.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
P2Y purinoceptor 6 (P2RY6) is highly expressed in skin keratinocytes, but its function in skin diseases is unclear. We use two-step chemical induction method to induce mouse skin tumor formation. Multiple in vitro and in vivo assays were used to explore the role of P2RY6 in skin tumor. We report that P2ry6-deficient mice exhibit marked resistance to DMBA/TPA-induced skin papilloma formation compared with wild-type mice. Consistent with these findings, epidermal hyperplasia in response to TPA was suppressed in the P2ry6 knockout or MRS2578 (P2RY6 antagonist)-treated mice. The dramatic decrease in hyperplasia and tumorigenesis due to P2ry6 disruption was associated with the suppression of TPA-induced keratinocyte proliferation and inflammatory reactions. Notably, P2ry6 deletion prevented the TPA-induced increase in YAP nuclear accumulation and its downstream gene expression in an MST/LATS1-dependent manner. Upon TPA stimulation, enhanced activation of MEK1 and β-catenin were also impaired in P2ry6 knockout primary keratinocytes, tumor tissues or MRS2578-treated HaCaT cells. Moreover, mutual promotion of the YAP and β-catenin signaling pathways was observed in normal skin cells treated with TPA, while P2ry6 deletion could inhibit their crosstalk by regulating MEK1. Thus, P2RY6 is a critical positive regulator of skin tumorigenesis via modulation of the Hippo/YAP and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China; Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Caibing Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wan Xiang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiyi Liang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Li
- Psoriasis Treatment Center, Shanghai Dermatology Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xilin Zhang
- Psoriasis Treatment Center, Shanghai Dermatology Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunyuan Guo
- Psoriasis Treatment Center, Shanghai Dermatology Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingyao Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuling Shi
- Psoriasis Treatment Center, Shanghai Dermatology Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiyun Ye
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongyan Dang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.
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32
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Fortarezza F, Pezzuto F, Marzullo A, Cavone D, Romano DE, d'Amati A, Serio G, Vimercati L. Molecular Pathways in Peritoneal Mesothelioma: A Minireview of New Insights. Front Oncol 2022; 12:823839. [PMID: 35223506 PMCID: PMC8866824 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.823839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesothelioma is a rare malignant neoplasm with poor survival. It mainly affects the pleura (90%) but can arise in all serous cavities: peritoneum (5-10%), pericardium and tunica vaginalis testis (<1%). The onset of pleural mesothelioma is strictly related to asbestos exposure with a long latency time. The causal link with asbestos has also been suggested for peritoneal mesothelioma, while the importance of exposure in the onset of pericardial and tunica vaginalis testis mesotheliomas is not well known. Mesothelioma remains an aggressive and fatal disease with a five-year mortality rate higher than 95%. However, new therapeutic approaches based on molecular-targeted and immunomodulatory therapies are being explored but have conflicting results. In this context, the identification of critical targets appears mandatory. Awareness of the molecular and physiological changes leading to the neoplastic degeneration of mesothelial cells and the identification of gene mutations, epigenetic alterations, gene expression profiles and altered pathways could be helpful for selecting targetable mechanisms and molecules. In this review, we aimed to report recent research in the last 20 years focusing on the molecular pathways and prognostic factors in peritoneal mesothelioma and their possible diagnostic and therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Fortarezza
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, Pathology Unit, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Federica Pezzuto
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, Pathology Unit, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Andrea Marzullo
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Pathology Unit, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Domenica Cavone
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, Occupational Health Unit, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Daniele Egidio Romano
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Pathology Unit, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Antonio d'Amati
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Pathology Unit, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Gabriella Serio
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Pathology Unit, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Luigi Vimercati
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, Occupational Health Unit, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
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33
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The Hippo pathway in cancer: YAP/TAZ and TEAD as therapeutic targets in cancer. Clin Sci (Lond) 2022; 136:197-222. [PMID: 35119068 PMCID: PMC8819670 DOI: 10.1042/cs20201474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Tumorigenesis is a highly complex process, involving many interrelated and cross-acting signalling pathways. One such pathway that has garnered much attention in the field of cancer research over the last decade is the Hippo signalling pathway. Consisting of two antagonistic modules, the pathway plays an integral role in both tumour suppressive and oncogenic processes, generally via regulation of a diverse set of genes involved in a range of biological functions. This review discusses the history of the pathway within the context of cancer and explores some of the most recent discoveries as to how this critical transducer of cellular signalling can influence cancer progression. A special focus is on the various recent efforts to therapeutically target the key effectors of the pathway in both preclinical and clinical settings.
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34
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Yes-associated protein reacts differently in vascular smooth muscle cells under different intensities of mechanical stretch. Aging (Albany NY) 2022; 14:286-296. [PMID: 34983026 PMCID: PMC8791225 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are stromal cells of the vascular wall and are continually exposed to mechanical signals. The loss of VSMCs is closely related to the occurrence of many vascular diseases, such as aortic aneurysms and aortic dissection. The proliferation and apoptosis of VSMCs are mechanically stimulated. Yes-associated protein (YAP), one of the core components of the Hippo pathway, plays a key role in the response of VSMCs to mechanical signals. In this study, we tested the impact of different intensities of mechanical stretch on the proliferation and apoptosis of VSMCs, as well as YAP. We tested VSMCs’ proliferation and apoptosis and YAP reaction via immunocytochemistry, western blotting, CCK-8 and flow cytometric analysis. We found that 10% elongation could increase the phosphorylation of YAP and prevent it from entering the nucleus, as well as inhibit cell proliferation and promote apoptosis. However, 15% elongation reduced YAP phosphorylation and promoted its nuclear entry, thereby promoting cell proliferation and inhibiting apoptosis. Accordingly, YAP knockdown suppressed the phenotype of VMSCs induced by 15% elongation. Taken together, YAP regulates proliferation and apoptosis of VSMCs differently under different intensity of mechanical stretch. Mechanical stretch with appropriate intensity can promote the proliferation and inhibit apoptosis of VSMCs by activating YAP.
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35
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Wang N, Yang Q, Wang J, Shi R, Li M, Gao J, Xu W, Yang Y, Chen Y, Chen S. Integration of Transcriptome and Methylome Highlights the Roles of Cell Cycle and Hippo Signaling Pathway in Flatfish Sexual Size Dimorphism. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:743722. [PMID: 34926443 PMCID: PMC8675331 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.743722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Sexual size dimorphism (SSD) is the difference in segments or body size between sexes prevalent in various species. Understanding the genetic architecture of SSD has remained a significant challenge owing to the complexity of growth mechanisms and the sexual influences among species. The Chinese tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis), which exhibits a female-biased SSD and sex reversal from female to pseudomale, is an ideal model for exploring SSD mechanism at the molecular level. The present study aimed to integrate transcriptome and methylome analysis to unravel the genetic and epigenetic changes in female, male, and pseudomale C. semilaevis. The somatotropic and reproductive tissues (brain, liver, gonad, and muscle) transcriptomes were characterized by RNA-seq technology. Transcriptomic analysis unravelled numerous differentially expressed genes (DEGs) involved in cell growth and death-related pathways. The gonad and muscle methylomes were further employed for screening differentially methylated genes (DMGs). Relatively higher DNA methylation levels were observed in the male and pseudomale individuals. In detail, hypermethylation of the chromosome W was pronounced in the pseudomale group than in the female group. Furthermore, weighted gene co-expression network analysis showed that turquoise and brown modules positively and negatively correlated with the female-biased SSD, respectively. A combined analysis of the module genes and DMGs revealed the female-biased mRNA transcripts and hypomethylated levels in the upstream and downstream regions across the cell cycle-related genes. Moreover, the male and pseudomale-biased gene expression in the hippo signaling pathway were positively correlated with their hypermethylation levels in the gene body. These findings implied that the activation of the cell cycle and the inhibition of the hippo signaling pathway were implicated in C. semilaevis female-biased SSD. In addition, the dynamic expression pattern of the epigenetic regulatory factors, including dnmt1, dnmt3a, dnmt3b, and uhrf1, among the different sexes correspond with their distinct DNA methylation levels. Herein, we provide valuable clues for understanding female-biased SSD in C. semilaevis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Wang
- Key Laboratory for Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Biotechnology and Genetic Breeding, Qingdao, China
| | - Qian Yang
- Key Laboratory for Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China.,College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jialin Wang
- Key Laboratory for Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China.,College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Shi
- Key Laboratory for Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China.,College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Li
- Key Laboratory for Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Jin Gao
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenteng Xu
- Key Laboratory for Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Biotechnology and Genetic Breeding, Qingdao, China
| | - Yingming Yang
- Key Laboratory for Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Biotechnology and Genetic Breeding, Qingdao, China
| | - Yadong Chen
- Key Laboratory for Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Biotechnology and Genetic Breeding, Qingdao, China
| | - Songlin Chen
- Key Laboratory for Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Biotechnology and Genetic Breeding, Qingdao, China
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36
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Hajj GNM, Cavarson CH, Pinto CAL, Venturi G, Navarro JR, Lima VCCD. Malignant pleural mesothelioma: an update. J Bras Pneumol 2021; 47:e20210129. [PMID: 34909922 PMCID: PMC8836658 DOI: 10.36416/1806-3756/e20210129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant mesotheliomas are rare types of cancers that affect the mesothelial surfaces, usually the pleura and peritoneum. They are associated with asbestos exposure, but due to a latency period of more than 30 years and difficult diagnosis, most cases are not detected until they reach advanced stages. Treatment options for this tumor type are very limited and survival ranges from 12 to 36 months. This review discusses the molecular physiopathology, current diagnosis, and latest therapeutic options for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glaucia N M Hajj
- Instituto International de Pesquisa, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo (SP), Brasil.,Instituto Nacional de Oncogenômica e Inovação Terapêutica, São Paulo (SP), Brasil
| | - Carolina H Cavarson
- Instituto International de Pesquisa, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo (SP), Brasil.,Instituto Nacional de Oncogenômica e Inovação Terapêutica, São Paulo (SP), Brasil
| | | | - Gabriela Venturi
- Instituto International de Pesquisa, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo (SP), Brasil.,BP Mirante, São Paulo (SP), Brasil
| | | | - Vladmir C Cordeiro de Lima
- Instituto Nacional de Oncogenômica e Inovação Terapêutica, São Paulo (SP), Brasil.,Rede D'Or, São Paulo (SP), Brasil
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37
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Xiao Y, Dong J. The Hippo Signaling Pathway in Cancer: A Cell Cycle Perspective. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13246214. [PMID: 34944834 PMCID: PMC8699626 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13246214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Cancer is increasingly viewed as a cell cycle disease in that the dysregulation of the cell cycle machinery is a common feature in cancer. The Hippo signaling pathway consists of a core kinase cascade as well as extended regulators, which together control organ size and tissue homeostasis. The aberrant expression of cell cycle regulators and/or Hippo pathway components contributes to cancer development, and for this reason, we specifically focus on delineating the roles of the Hippo pathway in the cell cycle. Improving our understanding of the Hippo pathway from a cell cycle perspective could be used as a powerful weapon in the cancer battlefield. Abstract Cell cycle progression is an elaborate process that requires stringent control for normal cellular function. Defects in cell cycle control, however, contribute to genomic instability and have become a characteristic phenomenon in cancers. Over the years, advancement in the understanding of disrupted cell cycle regulation in tumors has led to the development of powerful anti-cancer drugs. Therefore, an in-depth exploration of cell cycle dysregulation in cancers could provide therapeutic avenues for cancer treatment. The Hippo pathway is an evolutionarily conserved regulator network that controls organ size, and its dysregulation is implicated in various types of cancers. Although the role of the Hippo pathway in oncogenesis has been widely investigated, its role in cell cycle regulation has not been comprehensively scrutinized. Here, we specifically focus on delineating the involvement of the Hippo pathway in cell cycle regulation. To that end, we first compare the structural as well as functional conservation of the core Hippo pathway in yeasts, flies, and mammals. Then, we detail the multi-faceted aspects in which the core components of the mammalian Hippo pathway and their regulators affect the cell cycle, particularly with regard to the regulation of E2F activity, the G1 tetraploidy checkpoint, DNA synthesis, DNA damage checkpoint, centrosome dynamics, and mitosis. Finally, we briefly discuss how a collective understanding of cell cycle regulation and the Hippo pathway could be weaponized in combating cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jixin Dong
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +402-559-5596; Fax: +402-559-4651
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38
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Li X, Lin YY, Tan JY, Liu KL, Shen XL, Hu YJ, Yang RY. Lappaol F, an anticancer agent, inhibits YAP via transcriptional and post-translational regulation. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2021; 59:619-628. [PMID: 34010589 PMCID: PMC8143639 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2021.1923759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Lappaol F (LAF), a natural lignan from Arctium lappa Linné (Asteraceae), inhibits tumour cell growth by inducing cell cycle arrest. However, its underlying anticancer mechanism remains unclear. OBJECTIVE The effects of LAF on the Hippo-Yes-associated protein (YAP) signalling pathway, which plays an important role in cancer progression, were explored in this study. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cervical (HeLa), colorectal (SW480), breast (MDA-MB-231) and prostate (PC3) cancer cell lines were treated with LAF at different concentrations and different durations. BALB/c nude mice bearing colon xenografts were intravenously injected with vehicle, LAF (10 or 20 mg/kg) or paclitaxel (10 mg/kg) for 15 days. The expression and nuclear localisation of YAP were analysed using transcriptome sequencing, quantitative PCR, western blotting and immunofluorescence. RESULTS LAF suppressed the proliferation of HeLa, MDA-MB-231, SW480 and PC3 cells (IC50 values of 41.5, 26.0, 45.3 and 42.9 μmol/L, respectively, at 72 h), and this was accompanied by significant downregulation in the expression of YAP and its downstream target genes at both the mRNA and protein levels. The expression of 14-3-3σ, a protein that causes YAP cytoplasmic retention and degradation, was remarkably increased, resulting in a decrease in YAP nuclear localisation. Knockdown of 14-3-3σ with small interfering RNA partially blocked LAF-induced YAP inhibition and anti-proliferation effects. In colon xenografts, treatment with LAF led to reduced YAP expression, increased tumour cell apoptosis and tumour growth inhibition. CONCLUSION LAF was shown to be an inhibitor of YAP. It exerts anticancer activity by inhibiting YAP at the transcriptional and post-translational levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Li
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi-Ying Lin
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia-Yi Tan
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kang-Lun Liu
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Ling Shen
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying-Jie Hu
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui-Yi Yang
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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39
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Liu Z, Lin L, Zhu H, Wu Z, Ding X, Hu R, Jiang Y, Tang C, Ding S, Guo R. YAP Promotes Cell Proliferation and Stemness Maintenance of Porcine Muscle Stem Cells under High-Density Condition. Cells 2021; 10:cells10113069. [PMID: 34831292 PMCID: PMC8621012 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle stem cells (MuSCs) isolated ex vivo are essential original cells to produce cultured meat. Currently, one of the main obstacles for cultured meat production derives from the limited capacity of large-scale amplification of MuSCs, especially under high-density culture condition. Here, we show that at higher cell densities, proliferation and differentiation capacities of porcine MuSCs are impaired. We investigate the roles of Hippo-YAP signaling, which is important regulators in response to cell contact inhibition. Interestingly, abundant but not functional YAP proteins are accumulated in MuSCs seeded at high density. When treated with lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), the activator of YAP, porcine MuSCs exhibit increased proliferation and elevated differentiation potential compared with control cells. Moreover, constitutively active YAP with deactivated phosphorylation sites, but not intact YAP, promotes cell proliferation and stemness maintenance of MuSCs. Together, we reveal a potential molecular target that enables massive MuSCs expansion for large-scale cultured meat production under high-density condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (Z.L.); (L.L.); (H.Z.); (Z.W.); (X.D.); (R.H.); (Y.J.); (C.T.)
- National Center of Meat Quality and Safety Control, Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, Key Laboratory of Meat Processing, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Ling Lin
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (Z.L.); (L.L.); (H.Z.); (Z.W.); (X.D.); (R.H.); (Y.J.); (C.T.)
- National Center of Meat Quality and Safety Control, Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, Key Laboratory of Meat Processing, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Haozhe Zhu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (Z.L.); (L.L.); (H.Z.); (Z.W.); (X.D.); (R.H.); (Y.J.); (C.T.)
- National Center of Meat Quality and Safety Control, Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, Key Laboratory of Meat Processing, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zhongyuan Wu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (Z.L.); (L.L.); (H.Z.); (Z.W.); (X.D.); (R.H.); (Y.J.); (C.T.)
- National Center of Meat Quality and Safety Control, Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, Key Laboratory of Meat Processing, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xi Ding
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (Z.L.); (L.L.); (H.Z.); (Z.W.); (X.D.); (R.H.); (Y.J.); (C.T.)
- National Center of Meat Quality and Safety Control, Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, Key Laboratory of Meat Processing, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Rongrong Hu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (Z.L.); (L.L.); (H.Z.); (Z.W.); (X.D.); (R.H.); (Y.J.); (C.T.)
- National Center of Meat Quality and Safety Control, Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, Key Laboratory of Meat Processing, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yichen Jiang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (Z.L.); (L.L.); (H.Z.); (Z.W.); (X.D.); (R.H.); (Y.J.); (C.T.)
- National Center of Meat Quality and Safety Control, Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, Key Laboratory of Meat Processing, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Changbo Tang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (Z.L.); (L.L.); (H.Z.); (Z.W.); (X.D.); (R.H.); (Y.J.); (C.T.)
- National Center of Meat Quality and Safety Control, Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, Key Laboratory of Meat Processing, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Shijie Ding
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (Z.L.); (L.L.); (H.Z.); (Z.W.); (X.D.); (R.H.); (Y.J.); (C.T.)
- National Center of Meat Quality and Safety Control, Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, Key Laboratory of Meat Processing, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Correspondence: (S.D.); (R.G.)
| | - Renpeng Guo
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (Z.L.); (L.L.); (H.Z.); (Z.W.); (X.D.); (R.H.); (Y.J.); (C.T.)
- Correspondence: (S.D.); (R.G.)
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Cui W, Popat S. Pleural mesothelioma (PM) - The status of systemic therapy. Cancer Treat Rev 2021; 100:102265. [PMID: 34399145 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2021.102265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Pleural mesothelioma (PM) remains a malignancy with poor prognosis. Despite initial disappointing response rates to single-agent chemotherapy, upfront platinum and anti-folate-based combination chemotherapy has remained the backbone of treatment for PM for the last three decades. The role of maintenance chemotherapy remains unclear; switch-maintenance gemcitabine has shown improvements in progression-free but not overall survival. The addition of antiangiogenic agents to chemotherapy yielded modest improvements in survival, both upfront in combination with platinum-pemetrexed, and in the relapsed setting. Immunotherapy, particularly PD-(L)1 inhibitors, has shown important but variable effectiveness in relapsed PM when used as monotherapy, and is an important salvage treatment after first-line chemotherapy. Furthermore, the randomized phase 3 trial of ipilimumab-nivolumab versus platinum-pemetrexed chemotherapy demonstrated improved overall survival favouring ipilimumab-nivolumab (HR 0.74, 96.6% CI 0.60-0.91; p = 0.0020), establishing this regimen as the new standard first-line treatment for PM, particularly in those with non-epithelioid histology. Increased interest in PM genomics has led to development of novel personalized therapeutics, such as those targeting DNA repair and EZH2 pathways, however with variable outcomes in trials. Targeting the membrane glycoprotein mesothelin and arginine deprivation are other important strategies under ongoing investigation. The field of PM is changing and new treatments bring hope to a largely lethal and poor prognostic malignancy. Despite these developments, current challenges include understanding the role of combination and multimodality treatments, drivers of resistance to treatment, and establishing predictive biomarkers to improve patient selection and treatment sequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanyuan Cui
- Lung Unit, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sanjay Popat
- Lung Unit, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Thoracic Oncology, Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom.
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Li FL, Guan KL. The two sides of Hippo pathway in cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2021; 85:33-42. [PMID: 34265423 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The Hippo signaling pathway was originally characterized by genetic studies in Drosophila to regulate tissue growth and organ size, and the core components of this pathway are highly conserved in mammals. Studies over the past two decades have revealed critical physiological and pathological functions of the Hippo tumor-suppressor pathway, which is tightly regulated by a broad range of intracellular and extracellular signals. These properties enable the Hippo pathway to serve as an important controller in organismal development and adult tissue homeostasis. Dysregulation of the Hippo signaling has been observed in many cancer types, suggesting the possibility of cancer treatment by targeting the Hippo pathway. The general consensus is that Hippo has tumor suppressor function. However, growing evidence also suggests that the function of the Hippo pathway in malignancy is cancer context dependent as recent studies indicating tumor promoting function of LATS. This article surveys the Hippo pathway signaling mechanisms and then reviews both the tumor suppressing and promoting function of this pathway. A comprehensive understanding of the dual roles of the Hippo pathway in cancer will benefit future therapeutic targeting of the Hippo pathway for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Long Li
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Kun-Liang Guan
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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42
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Yang D, He Y, Wu B, Liu R, Wang N, Wang T, Luo Y, Li Y, Liu Y. Predictions of the dysregulated competing endogenous RNA signature involved in the progression of human lung adenocarcinoma. Cancer Biomark 2021; 29:399-416. [PMID: 32741804 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-200133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the most common histological subtype of lung cancer worldwide. Until now, the molecular mechanisms underlying LUAD progression have not been fully explained. This study aimed to construct a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network to predict the progression in LUAD. METHODS Differentially expressed lncRNAs (DELs), miRNAs (DEMs), and mRNAs (DEGs) were identified from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database with a |log2FC|> 1.0 and a false discovery rate (FDR) < 0.05. Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, and survival analyses were performed to analyse these DEGs involved in the ceRNA network. Subsequently, the drug-gene interaction database (DGIdb) was utilized to select candidate LUAD drugs interacting with significant DEGs. Then, lasso-penalized Cox regression and multivariate Cox regression models were used to construct the risk score system. Finally, based on the correlations between DELs and DEGs involved in the risk score system, the final ceRNA network was identified. Meanwhile, the GEPIA2 database and immunohistochemical (IHC) results were utilized to validate the expression levels of selected DEGs. RESULTS A total of 340 DELs, 29 DEMs, and 218 DEGs were selected to construct the initial ceRNA network. Functional enrichment analyses indicated that 218 DEGs were associated with the KEGG pathway terms "microRNAs in cancer", "pathways in cancer", "cell cycle", "HTLV-1 infection", and the "PI3K-Akt signalling pathway". K-M survival analysis of all differentially expressed genes involved in the ceRNA network identified 24 DELs, 4 DEMs, and 29 DEGs, all of which were significantly correlated with LUAD progression (P< 0.05). Furthermore, 15 LUAD drugs interacting with 29 significant DEGs were selected. After lasso-penalized Cox regression and multivariate Cox regression modelling, PRKCE, DLC1, LATS2, and DPY19L1 were incorporated into the risk score system, and the results suggested that LUAD patients who had the high-risk score always suffered from a poorer overall survival. Additionally, the correlation coefficients between these 4 DEGs and their corresponding DELs involved in the ceRNA network suggested that there were 2 significant DEL-DEG pairs, NAV2-AS2 - PRKCE (r= 0.430, P< 0.001) and NAV2-AS2 - LATS2 (r= 0.338, P< 0.001). And NAV2-AS2 - mir-31 - PRKCE and NAV2-SA2 - mir-31 - LATS2 were finally identified as ceRNA network involved in the progression of LUAD. CONCLUSIONS The lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA ceRNA network plays an essential role in predicting the progression of LUAD. These results may improve our understanding and provide novel mechanistic insights to explore prognosis and therapeutic drugs for LUAD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Yang
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.,Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yang He
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory of Cancer Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.,Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Bo Wu
- Department of Anus and Intestine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Ruxi Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Nan Wang
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Tieting Wang
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yannan Luo
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yunda Li
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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43
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Kodama Y, Tanaka I, Sato T, Hori K, Gen S, Morise M, Matsubara D, Sato M, Sekido Y, Hashimoto N. Oxytocin receptor is a promising therapeutic target of malignant mesothelioma. Cancer Sci 2021; 112:3520-3532. [PMID: 34115916 PMCID: PMC8409407 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant mesothelioma (MM) is one of the most aggressive tumors. We conducted bioinformatics analysis using Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia (CCLE) datasets to identify new molecular markers in MM. Overexpression of oxytocin receptor (OXTR), which is a G‐protein–coupled receptor for the hormone and neurotransmitter oxytocin, mRNA was distinctively identified in MM cell lines. Therefore, we assessed the role of OXTR and its clinical relevance in MM. Kaplan‐Meier and Cox regression analyses were applied to assess the association between overall survival and OXTR mRNA expression using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) datasets. The function of OXTR and the efficacy of its antagonists were investigated in vitro and in vivo using MM cell lines. Consistent with the findings from CCLE datasets analysis, OXTR mRNA expression was highly increased in MM tissues compared with other cancer types in the TCGA datasets, and MM cases with high OXTR expression showed poor overall survival. Moreover, OXTR knockdown dramatically decreased MM cell proliferation in cells with high OXTR expression via tumor cell cycle disturbance, whereas oxytocin treatment significantly increased MM cell growth. OXTR antagonists, which have high selectivity for OXTR, inhibited the growth of MM cell lines with high OXTR expression, and oral administration of the OXTR antagonist, cligosiban, significantly suppressed MM tumor progression in a xenograft model. Our findings suggest that OXTR plays a crucial role in MM cell proliferation and is a promising therapeutic target that may broaden potential therapeutic options and could be a prognostic biomarker of MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Kodama
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Ichidai Tanaka
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiro Sato
- Division of Cancer Biology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kazumi Hori
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Soei Gen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masahiro Morise
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Daisuke Matsubara
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Tsukuba University, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Sato
- Department of Pathophysiological Laboratory Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Sekido
- Division of Cancer Biology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Naozumi Hashimoto
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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44
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Mickle M, Adhikary G, Shrestha S, Xu W, Eckert RL. VGLL4 inhibits YAP1/TEAD signaling to suppress the epidermal squamous cell carcinoma cancer phenotype. Mol Carcinog 2021; 60:497-507. [PMID: 34004031 PMCID: PMC8243851 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Epidermal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) develops in response to ultraviolet light exposure and is among the most common cancers. The transglutaminase 2 cancer cell survival protein stimulates the activity of the YAP1/TEAD transcription complex to drive the expression of genes that promote aggressive epidermal SCC cell invasion, migration, and tumor formation. Therefore, we are interested in mechanisms that may inhibit these events. Vestigial-like protein-4 (VGLL4) is a transcription cofactor/tumor suppressor that inhibits several pro-cancer pathways including YAP1 signaling. Our present studies show that VGLL4 inhibits YAP1/TEAD-dependent transcription to reduce the expression of YAP1 target genes (CCND1, CYR61, and CTGF) and pro-cancer collagen genes (COL1A2 and COL3A1). We further show that loss of these YAP1 regulated genes is required for VGLL4 suppression of the cancer cell phenotype, as forced CCND1 or COL1A2 expression partially restores the aggressive cancer phenotype in VGLL4 expressing cells. Consistent with these findings, VGLL4 expression reduces tumor formation, and this is associated with reduced CCND1, CYR61, CTGF, COL1A2, and COL1A3 mRNA and protein levels, and reduced EMT marker expression. These findings indicate that VGLL4 suppresses the malignant epidermal SCC cancer phenotype by inhibiting YAP1/TEAD-dependent pro-cancer signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- McKayla Mickle
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, 21201
| | - Gautam Adhikary
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, 21201
| | - Suruchi Shrestha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, 21201
| | - Wen Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, 21201
| | - Richard L. Eckert
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, 21201
- Department of Dermatology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, 21201
- Department of Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, 21201
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Arras W, Vercammen H, Ní Dhubhghaill S, Koppen C, Van den Bogerd B. Proliferation Increasing Genetic Engineering in Human Corneal Endothelial Cells: A Literature Review. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:688223. [PMID: 34268324 PMCID: PMC8275833 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.688223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The corneal endothelium is the inner layer of the cornea. Despite comprising only a monolayer of cells, dysfunction of this layer renders millions of people visually impaired worldwide. Currently, corneal endothelial transplantation is the only viable means of restoring vision for these patients. However, because the supply of corneal endothelial grafts does not meet the demand, many patients remain on waiting lists, or are not treated at all. Possible alternative treatment strategies include intracameral injection of human corneal endothelial cells (HCEnCs), biomedical engineering of endothelial grafts and increasing the HCEnC density on grafts that would otherwise have been unsuitable for transplantation. Unfortunately, the limited proliferative capacity of HCEnCs proves to be a major bottleneck to make these alternatives beneficial. To tackle this constraint, proliferation enhancing genetic engineering is being investigated. This review presents the diverse array of genes that have been targeted by different genetic engineering strategies to increase the proliferative capacity of HCEnCs and their relevance for clinical and research applications. Together these proliferation-related genes form the basis to obtain a stable and safe supply of HCEnCs that can tackle the corneal endothelial donor shortage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wout Arras
- Antwerp Research Group for Ocular Science (ARGOS), Translational Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Hendrik Vercammen
- Antwerp Research Group for Ocular Science (ARGOS), Translational Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Sorcha Ní Dhubhghaill
- Antwerp Research Group for Ocular Science (ARGOS), Translational Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium.,Department of Ophthalmology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium.,Netherlands Institute for Innovative Ocular Surgery (NIIOS), Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Carina Koppen
- Antwerp Research Group for Ocular Science (ARGOS), Translational Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium.,Department of Ophthalmology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Bert Van den Bogerd
- Antwerp Research Group for Ocular Science (ARGOS), Translational Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
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Nilsson MB, Sun H, Robichaux J, Pfeifer M, McDermott U, Travers J, Diao L, Xi Y, Tong P, Shen L, Hofstad M, Kawakami M, Le X, Liu X, Fan Y, Poteete A, Hu L, Negrao MV, Tran H, Dmitrovsky E, Peng D, Gibbons DL, Wang J, Heymach JV. A YAP/FOXM1 axis mediates EMT-associated EGFR inhibitor resistance and increased expression of spindle assembly checkpoint components. Sci Transl Med 2021; 12:12/559/eaaz4589. [PMID: 32878980 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaz4589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Acquired resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) remains a clinical challenge. Especially challenging are cases in which resistance emerges through EGFR-independent mechanisms, such as through pathways that promote epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Through an integrated transcriptomic, proteomic, and drug screening approach, we identified activation of the yes-associated protein (YAP) and forkhead box protein M1 (FOXM1) axis as a driver of EMT-associated EGFR TKI resistance. EGFR inhibitor resistance was associated with broad multidrug resistance that extended across multiple chemotherapeutic and targeted agents, consistent with the difficulty of effectively treating resistant disease. EGFR TKI-resistant cells displayed increased abundance of spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) proteins, including polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1), Aurora kinases, survivin, and kinesin spindle protein (KSP). Moreover, EGFR TKI-resistant cells exhibited vulnerability to SAC inhibitors. Increased activation of the YAP/FOXM1 axis mediated an increase in the abundance of SAC components in resistant cells. The clinical relevance of these finding was indicated by evaluation of specimens from patients with EGFR mutant lung cancer, which showed that high FOXM1 expression correlated with expression of genes encoding SAC proteins and was associated with a worse clinical outcome. These data revealed the YAP/FOXM1 axis as a central regulator of EMT-associated EGFR TKI resistance and that this pathway, along with SAC components, are therapeutic vulnerabilities for targeting this multidrug-resistant phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique B Nilsson
- Departments of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Huiying Sun
- Departments of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jacqulyne Robichaux
- Departments of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | | | | - Jon Travers
- Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Lixia Diao
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yuanxin Xi
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Pan Tong
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Li Shen
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Mia Hofstad
- Departments of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Masanori Kawakami
- Departments of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xiuning Le
- Departments of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xi Liu
- Departments of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Youhong Fan
- Departments of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Alissa Poteete
- Departments of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Limei Hu
- Departments of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Marcelo V Negrao
- Departments of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Hai Tran
- Departments of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ethan Dmitrovsky
- Departments of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - David Peng
- Departments of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Don L Gibbons
- Departments of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jing Wang
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - John V Heymach
- Departments of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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Morciano G, Vezzani B, Missiroli S, Boncompagni C, Pinton P, Giorgi C. An Updated Understanding of the Role of YAP in Driving Oncogenic Responses. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13123100. [PMID: 34205830 PMCID: PMC8234554 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13123100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In 2020, the global cancer database GLOBOCAN estimated 19.3 million new cancer cases worldwide. The discovery of targeted therapies may help prognosis and outcome of the patients affected, but the understanding of the plethora of highly interconnected pathways that modulate cell transformation, proliferation, invasion, migration and survival remains an ambitious goal. Here we propose an updated state of the art of YAP as the key protein driving oncogenic response via promoting all those steps at multiple levels. Of interest, the role of YAP in immunosuppression is a field of evolving research and growing interest and this summary about the current pharmacological therapies impacting YAP serves as starting point for future studies. Abstract Yes-associated protein (YAP) has emerged as a key component in cancer signaling and is considered a potent oncogene. As such, nuclear YAP participates in complex and only partially understood molecular cascades that are responsible for the oncogenic response by regulating multiple processes, including cell transformation, tumor growth, migration, and metastasis, and by acting as an important mediator of immune and cancer cell interactions. YAP is finely regulated at multiple levels, and its localization in cells in terms of cytoplasm–nucleus shuttling (and vice versa) sheds light on interesting novel anticancer treatment opportunities and putative unconventional functions of the protein when retained in the cytosol. This review aims to summarize and present the state of the art knowledge about the role of YAP in cancer signaling, first focusing on how YAP differs from WW domain-containing transcription regulator 1 (WWTR1, also named as TAZ) and which upstream factors regulate it; then, this review focuses on the role of YAP in different cancer stages and in the crosstalk between immune and cancer cells as well as growing translational strategies derived from its inhibitory and synergistic effects with existing chemo-, immuno- and radiotherapies.
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48
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Liu C, Barger CJ, Karpf AR. FOXM1: A Multifunctional Oncoprotein and Emerging Therapeutic Target in Ovarian Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:3065. [PMID: 34205406 PMCID: PMC8235333 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13123065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Forkhead box M1 (FOXM1) is a member of the conserved forkhead box (FOX) transcription factor family. Over the last two decades, FOXM1 has emerged as a multifunctional oncoprotein and a robust biomarker of poor prognosis in many human malignancies. In this review article, we address the current knowledge regarding the mechanisms of regulation and oncogenic functions of FOXM1, particularly in the context of ovarian cancer. FOXM1 and its associated oncogenic transcriptional signature are enriched in >85% of ovarian cancer cases and FOXM1 expression and activity can be enhanced by a plethora of genomic, transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and post-translational mechanisms. As a master transcriptional regulator, FOXM1 promotes critical oncogenic phenotypes in ovarian cancer, including: (1) cell proliferation, (2) invasion and metastasis, (3) chemotherapy resistance, (4) cancer stem cell (CSC) properties, (5) genomic instability, and (6) altered cellular metabolism. We additionally discuss the evidence for FOXM1 as a cancer biomarker, describe the rationale for FOXM1 as a cancer therapeutic target, and provide an overview of therapeutic strategies used to target FOXM1 for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Adam R. Karpf
- Eppley Institute and Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68918-6805, USA; (C.L.); (C.J.B.)
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49
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Enzo E, Secone Seconetti A, Forcato M, Tenedini E, Polito MP, Sala I, Carulli S, Contin R, Peano C, Tagliafico E, Bicciato S, Bondanza S, De Luca M. Single-keratinocyte transcriptomic analyses identify different clonal types and proliferative potential mediated by FOXM1 in human epidermal stem cells. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2505. [PMID: 33947848 PMCID: PMC8097075 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22779-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Autologous epidermal cultures restore a functional epidermis on burned patients. Transgenic epidermal grafts do so also in genetic skin diseases such as Junctional Epidermolysis Bullosa. Clinical success strictly requires an adequate number of epidermal stem cells, detected as holoclone-forming cells, which can be only partially distinguished from the other clonogenic keratinocytes and cannot be prospectively isolated. Here we report that single-cell transcriptome analysis of primary human epidermal cultures identifies categories of genes clearly distinguishing the different keratinocyte clonal types, which are hierarchically organized along a continuous, mainly linear trajectory showing that stem cells sequentially generate progenitors producing terminally differentiated cells. Holoclone-forming cells display stem cell hallmarks as genes regulating DNA repair, chromosome segregation, spindle organization and telomerase activity. Finally, we identify FOXM1 as a YAP-dependent key regulator of epidermal stem cells. These findings improve criteria for measuring stem cells in epidermal cultures, which is an essential feature of the graft.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Enzo
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine "Stefano Ferrari", University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Alessia Secone Seconetti
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine "Stefano Ferrari", University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.,Holostem Terapie Avanzate, s.r.l, Modena, Italy
| | - Mattia Forcato
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Elena Tenedini
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Diagnostic hematology and Clinical, Genomics Unit, Modena University Hospital, Modena, Italy
| | - Maria Pia Polito
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine "Stefano Ferrari", University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Irene Sala
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine "Stefano Ferrari", University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | | | - Roberta Contin
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine "Stefano Ferrari", University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.,Clinical Sampling & Alliances, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Clelia Peano
- Genomic Unit, IRCSS, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy.,Institute of Genetic and Biomedical Research, UoS Milan, National Research Council, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Enrico Tagliafico
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Diagnostic hematology and Clinical, Genomics Unit, Modena University Hospital, Modena, Italy.,Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.,Centre for Genome Research, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Silvio Bicciato
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | | | - Michele De Luca
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine "Stefano Ferrari", University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
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50
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Huang J, Zhang L, Wan D, Zhou L, Zheng S, Lin S, Qiao Y. Extracellular matrix and its therapeutic potential for cancer treatment. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:153. [PMID: 33888679 PMCID: PMC8062524 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-021-00544-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is one of the major components of tumors that plays multiple crucial roles, including mechanical support, modulation of the microenvironment, and a source of signaling molecules. The quantity and cross-linking status of ECM components are major factors determining tissue stiffness. During tumorigenesis, the interplay between cancer cells and the tumor microenvironment (TME) often results in the stiffness of the ECM, leading to aberrant mechanotransduction and further malignant transformation. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of ECM dysregulation in the TME would contribute to the discovery of promising therapeutic targets for cancer treatment. Herein, we summarized the knowledge concerning the following: (1) major ECM constituents and their functions in both normal and malignant conditions; (2) the interplay between cancer cells and the ECM in the TME; (3) key receptors for mechanotransduction and their alteration during carcinogenesis; and (4) the current therapeutic strategies targeting aberrant ECM for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiacheng Huang
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, 310003, China
- Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Organ Transplantation, Research Unit of Collaborative Diagnosis and Treatment For Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU019), Hangzhou, 310003, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Lele Zhang
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, 310003, China
- Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Organ Transplantation, Research Unit of Collaborative Diagnosis and Treatment For Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU019), Hangzhou, 310003, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Dalong Wan
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Lin Zhou
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, 310003, China
- Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Organ Transplantation, Research Unit of Collaborative Diagnosis and Treatment For Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU019), Hangzhou, 310003, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Shusen Zheng
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, 310003, China
- Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Organ Transplantation, Research Unit of Collaborative Diagnosis and Treatment For Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU019), Hangzhou, 310003, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Shengzhang Lin
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
- Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Shuren University Shulan International Medical College, Hangzhou, 310000, China.
| | - Yiting Qiao
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
- Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Organ Transplantation, Research Unit of Collaborative Diagnosis and Treatment For Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU019), Hangzhou, 310003, China.
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
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