1
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Zhong G, Liu Q, Wang Q, Qiu H, Li H, Xu T. Fully integrated microneedle biosensor array for wearable multiplexed fitness biomarkers monitoring. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 265:116697. [PMID: 39182414 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2024.116697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Revised: 08/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
Fitness monitoring has become increasingly important in modern lifestyles; the current fitness monitoring always relies on physical sensors, making it challenging to detect pertinent issues at a deeper level when exercising. Here, we report a fully integrated wearable microneedle sensor that simultaneously measures fitness related biomarkers (e.g., glucose, lactate, and alcohol) during physical exercise. Such a sensor integrates a biocompatible 3D-printed microneedle array that can comfortably access skin interstitial fluid and a small circuit for signal processing and calibration, and wireless communication. The microneedle array features good biocompatibility and highly sensitive biochemical sensors that can detect even the slightest variations within the biomarkers of this fluid. On-body experimental results indicate that such a sensor can monitor fitness-related biomarkers across multiple subjects and support multi-day monitoring, with results showing a good correlation with commercial devices. The data was transmitted to a smartphone via Bluetooth and uploaded to cloud platforms for further health assessment. This study has the potential to boost intelligent wearable devices in sports health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geng Zhong
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, PR China
| | - Qingzhou Liu
- Guangdong Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Economy (SZ), Shenzhen, 518060, PR China.
| | - Qiyu Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, PR China
| | - Haoji Qiu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, PR China
| | - Hanlin Li
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, PR China
| | - Tailin Xu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, PR China.
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2
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Khan MUA, Aslam MA, Abdullah MFB, Gul H, Stojanović GM, Abdal-Hay A, Hasan A. Microneedle system for tissue engineering and regenerative medicines: a smart and efficient therapeutic approach. Biofabrication 2024; 16:042005. [PMID: 39121888 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ad6d90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
The global demand for an enhanced quality of life and extended lifespan has driven significant advancements in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. These fields utilize a range of interdisciplinary theories and techniques to repair structurally impaired or damaged tissues and organs, as well as restore their normal functions. Nevertheless, the clinical efficacy of medications, materials, and potent cells used at the laboratory level is always constrained by technological limitations. A novel platform known as adaptable microneedles has been developed to address the abovementioned issues. These microneedles offer a solution for the localized distribution of various cargos while minimizing invasiveness. Microneedles provide favorable patient compliance in clinical settings due to their effective administration and ability to provide a painless and convenient process. In this review article, we summarized the most recent development of microneedles, and we started by classifying various microneedle systems, advantages, and fundamental properties. Subsequently, it provides a comprehensive overview of different types of microneedles, the material used to fabricate microneedles, the fundamental properties of ideal microneedles, and their applications in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, primarily focusing on preserving and restoring impaired tissues and organs. The limitations and perspectives have been discussed by concluding their future therapeutic applications in tissue engineering and regenerative medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Umar Aslam Khan
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
| | - Muhammad Azhar Aslam
- Department of Physics, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore 39161, Pakistan
| | - Mohd Faizal Bin Abdullah
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Unit, School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Unit, Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Hilal Gul
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Goran M Stojanović
- Department of Electronics, Faculty of Technical Sciences, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Abdalla Abdal-Hay
- School of Dentistry, University of Queensland, 288 Herston Road, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, South Valley University, Qena 83523, Egypt
- Faculty of Industry and Energy Technology, Mechatronics Technology Program, New Cairo Technological University, New Cairo-Fifth Settlement, Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Anwarul Hasan
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
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3
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Bao Q, Zhang X, Hao Z, Li Q, Wu F, Wang K, Li Y, Li W, Gao H. Advances in Polysaccharide-Based Microneedle Systems for the Treatment of Ocular Diseases. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2024; 16:268. [PMID: 39136800 PMCID: PMC11322514 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-024-01477-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
The eye, a complex organ isolated from the systemic circulation, presents significant drug delivery challenges owing to its protective mechanisms, such as the blood-retinal barrier and corneal impermeability. Conventional drug administration methods often fail to sustain therapeutic levels and may compromise patient safety and compliance. Polysaccharide-based microneedles (PSMNs) have emerged as a transformative solution for ophthalmic drug delivery. However, a comprehensive review of PSMNs in ophthalmology has not been published to date. In this review, we critically examine the synergy between polysaccharide chemistry and microneedle technology for enhancing ocular drug delivery. We provide a thorough analysis of PSMNs, summarizing the design principles, fabrication processes, and challenges addressed during fabrication, including improving patient comfort and compliance. We also describe recent advances and the performance of various PSMNs in both research and clinical scenarios. Finally, we review the current regulatory frameworks and market barriers that are relevant to the clinical and commercial advancement of PSMNs and provide a final perspective on this research area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingdong Bao
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China
- Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, People's Republic of China
- College of Ophthalmology, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, 350002, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhankun Hao
- College of Ophthalmology, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250000, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinghua Li
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China
- Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, People's Republic of China
- College of Ophthalmology, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250000, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Wu
- College of Ophthalmology, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250000, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaiyuan Wang
- Departments of Diagnostic Radiology, Surgery, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and Biomedical Engineering, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119074, Singapore
| | - Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, 350002, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wenlong Li
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China.
- Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, People's Republic of China.
- College of Ophthalmology, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hua Gao
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China.
- Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, People's Republic of China.
- College of Ophthalmology, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250000, People's Republic of China.
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4
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Ji M, Zhan F, Qiu X, Liu H, Liu X, Bu P, Zhou B, Serda M, Feng Q. Research Progress of Hydrogel Microneedles in Wound Management. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2024; 10:4771-4790. [PMID: 38982708 PMCID: PMC11322915 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.4c00972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Microneedles are a novel drug delivery system that offers advantages such as safety, painlessness, minimally invasive administration, simplicity of use, and controllable drug delivery. As a type of polymer microneedle with a three-dimensional network structure, hydrogel microneedles (HMNs) possess excellent biocompatibility and biodegradability and encapsulate various therapeutic drugs while maintaining drug activity, thus attracting significant attention. Recently, they have been widely employed to promote wound healing and have demonstrated favorable therapeutic effects. Although there are reviews about HMNs, few of them focus on wound management. Herein, we present a comprehensive overview of the design and preparation methods of HMNs, with a particular emphasis on their application status in wound healing, including acute wound healing, infected wound healing, diabetic wound healing, and scarless wound healing. Finally, we examine the advantages and limitations of HMNs in wound management and provide suggestions for future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Ji
- Department
of Orthopedics, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, School
of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing 404000, China
| | - Fangbiao Zhan
- Department
of Orthopedics, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, School
of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing 404000, China
| | - Xingan Qiu
- Department
of Orthopedics, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, School
of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing 404000, China
- Key
Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Educations,
Collage of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Department
of Orthopedics, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, School
of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing 404000, China
| | - Xuezhe Liu
- Key
Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Educations,
Collage of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Pengzhen Bu
- Key
Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Educations,
Collage of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Bikun Zhou
- Key
Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Educations,
Collage of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Maciej Serda
- Institute
of Chemistry, University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice 40-006, Poland
| | - Qian Feng
- Key
Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Educations,
Collage of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
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5
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Park H, Park JJ, Bui PD, Yoon H, Grigoropoulos CP, Lee D, Ko SH. Laser-Based Selective Material Processing for Next-Generation Additive Manufacturing. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2307586. [PMID: 37740699 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202307586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
The connection between laser-based material processing and additive manufacturing is quite deeply rooted. In fact, the spark that started the field of additive manufacturing is the idea that two intersecting laser beams can selectively solidify a vat of resin. Ever since, laser has been accompanying the field of additive manufacturing, with its repertoire expanded from processing only photopolymer resin to virtually any material, allowing liberating customizability. As a result, additive manufacturing is expected to take an even more prominent role in the global supply chain in years to come. Herein, an overview of laser-based selective material processing is presented from various aspects: the physics of laser-material interactions, the materials currently used in additive manufacturing processes, the system configurations that enable laser-based additive manufacturing, and various functional applications of next-generation additive manufacturing. Additionally, current challenges and prospects of laser-based additive manufacturing are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijae Park
- Applied Nano and Thermal Science Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Jung Jae Park
- Applied Nano and Thermal Science Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Phuong-Danh Bui
- Laser and Thermal Engineering Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnamdaero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam, 13120, South Korea
| | - Hyeokjun Yoon
- Applied Nano and Thermal Science Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Costas P Grigoropoulos
- Laser Thermal Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Daeho Lee
- Laser and Thermal Engineering Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnamdaero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam, 13120, South Korea
| | - Seung Hwan Ko
- Applied Nano and Thermal Science Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
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6
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Yarali E, Mirzaali MJ, Ghalayaniesfahani A, Accardo A, Diaz-Payno PJ, Zadpoor AA. 4D Printing for Biomedical Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2402301. [PMID: 38580291 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202402301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
4D (bio-)printing endows 3D printed (bio-)materials with multiple functionalities and dynamic properties. 4D printed materials have been recently used in biomedical engineering for the design and fabrication of biomedical devices, such as stents, occluders, microneedles, smart 3D-cell engineered microenvironments, drug delivery systems, wound closures, and implantable medical devices. However, the success of 4D printing relies on the rational design of 4D printed objects, the selection of smart materials, and the availability of appropriate types of external (multi-)stimuli. Here, this work first highlights the different types of smart materials, external stimuli, and design strategies used in 4D (bio-)printing. Then, it presents a critical review of the biomedical applications of 4D printing and discusses the future directions of biomedical research in this exciting area, including in vivo tissue regeneration studies, the implementation of multiple materials with reversible shape memory behaviors, the creation of fast shape-transformation responses, the ability to operate at the microscale, untethered activation and control, and the application of (machine learning-based) modeling approaches to predict the structure-property and design-shape transformation relationships of 4D (bio)printed constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebrahim Yarali
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), Mekelweg 2, Delft, 2628 CD, The Netherlands
- Department of Precision and Microsystems Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), Mekelweg 2, Delft, 2628 CD, The Netherlands
| | - Mohammad J Mirzaali
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), Mekelweg 2, Delft, 2628 CD, The Netherlands
| | - Ava Ghalayaniesfahani
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), Mekelweg 2, Delft, 2628 CD, The Netherlands
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering, Giulio Natta, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, 32, Milano, 20133, Italy
| | - Angelo Accardo
- Department of Precision and Microsystems Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), Mekelweg 2, Delft, 2628 CD, The Netherlands
| | - Pedro J Diaz-Payno
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), Mekelweg 2, Delft, 2628 CD, The Netherlands
- Department of Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015 CN, The Netherlands
| | - Amir A Zadpoor
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), Mekelweg 2, Delft, 2628 CD, The Netherlands
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7
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Ziesmer J, Sondén I, Venckute Larsson J, Merkl P, Sotiriou GA. Customizable Fabrication of Photothermal Microneedles with Plasmonic Nanoparticles Using Low-Cost Stereolithography Three-Dimensional Printing. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2024; 7:4533-4541. [PMID: 38877987 PMCID: PMC11253096 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.4c00411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Photothermal microneedle (MN) arrays have the potential to improve the treatment of various skin conditions such as bacterial skin infections. However, the fabrication of photothermal MN arrays relies on time-consuming and potentially expensive microfabrication and molding techniques, which limits their size and translation to clinical application. Furthermore, the traditional mold-and-casting method is often limited in terms of the size customizability of the photothermal array. To overcome these challenges, we fabricated photothermal MN arrays directly via 3D-printing using plasmonic Ag/SiO2 (2 wt % SiO2) nanoaggregates dispersed in ultraviolet photocurable resin on a commercial low-cost liquid crystal display stereolithography printer. We successfully printed MN arrays in a single print with a translucent, nanoparticle-free support layer and photothermal MNs incorporating plasmonic nanoaggregates in a selective fashion. The photothermal MN arrays showed sufficient mechanical strength and heating efficiency to increase the intradermal temperature to clinically relevant temperatures. Finally, we explored the potential of photothermal MN arrays to improve antibacterial therapy by killing two bacterial species commonly found in skin infections. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time describing the printing of photothermal MNs in a single step. The process introduced here allows for the translatable fabrication of photothermal MN arrays with customizable dimensions that can be applied to the treatment of various skin conditions such as bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill Ziesmer
- Department of Microbiology,
Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm SE-171 77, Sweden
| | - Isabel Sondén
- Department of Microbiology,
Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm SE-171 77, Sweden
| | - Justina Venckute Larsson
- Department of Microbiology,
Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm SE-171 77, Sweden
| | - Padryk Merkl
- Department of Microbiology,
Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm SE-171 77, Sweden
| | - Georgios A. Sotiriou
- Department of Microbiology,
Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm SE-171 77, Sweden
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8
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Song KY, Zhang WJ, Behzadfar M. 3D printing redefines microneedle fabrication for transdermal drug delivery. Biomed Eng Lett 2024; 14:737-746. [PMID: 38946813 PMCID: PMC11208358 DOI: 10.1007/s13534-024-00368-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Microneedles (MNs) have emerged as an innovative, virtually painless technique for intradermal drug delivery. However, the complex and costly fabrication process has limited their widespread accessibility, especially for individuals requiring frequent drug administration. This study introduces a groundbreaking and cost-effective method for producing MNs utilizing fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printing technology to enhance transdermal drug delivery. The proposed fabrication process involves the elongation of molten polylactic acid (PLA) filaments to create meticulously designed conoid and neiloid MNs with smooth surfaces. This study underscores the critical role of printing parameters, particularly extrusion length and printing speed, in determining the shape of the MNs. Notably, the conoid-shaped MNs exhibit exceptional skin-penetrating capabilities. In order to evaluate their effectiveness, the MNs were tested on a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) skin model for skin penetration. The results highlight the high potential of 3D-printed MNs for transdermal drug administration. This novel approach capitalizes on the benefits of 3D printing technology to fabricate MNs that hold the promise of transforming painless drug administration for a variety of medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Young Song
- The school of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Wen-Jun Zhang
- The Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Mahtab Behzadfar
- The school of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
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9
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Bedir T, Kadian S, Shukla S, Gunduz O, Narayan R. Additive manufacturing of microneedles for sensing and drug delivery. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2024; 21:1053-1068. [PMID: 39049741 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2024.2384696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Microneedles (MNs) are miniaturized, painless, and minimally invasive platforms that have attracted significant attention over recent decades across multiple fields, such as drug delivery, disease monitoring, disease diagnosis, and cosmetics. Several manufacturing methods have been employed to create MNs; however, these approaches come with drawbacks related to complicated, costly, and time-consuming fabrication processes. In this context, employing additive manufacturing (AM) technology for MN fabrication allows for the quick production of intricate MN prototypes with exceptional precision, providing the flexibility to customize MNs according to the desired shape and dimensions. Furthermore, AM demonstrates significant promise in the fabrication of sophisticated transdermal drug delivery systems and medical devices through the integration of MNs with various technologies. AREAS COVERED This review offers an extensive overview of various AM technologies with great potential for the fabrication of MNs. Different types of MNs and the materials utilized in their fabrication are also discussed. Recent applications of 3D-printed MNs in the fields of transdermal drug delivery and biosensing are highlighted. EXPERT OPINION This review also mentions the critical obstacles, including drug loading, biocompatibility, and regulatory requirements, which must be resolved to enable the mass-scale adoption of AM methods for MN production, and future trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuba Bedir
- Center for Nanotechnology and Biomaterials Application and Research (NBUAM), Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sachin Kadian
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Shubhangi Shukla
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Oguzhan Gunduz
- Center for Nanotechnology and Biomaterials Application and Research (NBUAM), Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Roger Narayan
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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10
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Aldawood FK, Andar A, Desai S. Investigating Laser Ablation Process Parameters for the Fabrication of Customized Microneedle Arrays for Therapeutic Applications. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:885. [PMID: 39065582 PMCID: PMC11279485 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16070885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Microneedles are an innovation in the field of medicine that have the potential to revolutionize drug delivery, diagnostics, and cosmetic treatments. This innovation provides a minimally invasive means to deliver drugs, vaccines, and other therapeutic substances into the skin. This research investigates the design and manufacture of customized microneedle arrays using laser ablation. Laser ablation was performed using an ytterbium laser on a polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) substrate to create a mold for casting polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microneedles. An experimental design was conducted to evaluate the effect of process parameters including laser pulse power, pulse width, pulse repetition, interval between pulses, and laser profile on the desired geometry of the microneedles. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) model showed that lasing interval, laser power, and pulse width had the highest influence on the output metrics (diameter and height) of the microneedle. The microneedle dimensions showed an increase with higher pulse width and vice versa with an increase in pulse interval. A response surface model indicated that the laser pulse width and interval (independent variables) significantly affect the response diameter and height (dependent variable). A predictive model was generated to predict the microneedle topology and aspect ratio varying from 0.8 to 1.5 based on the variation in critical input process parameters. This research lays the foundation for the design and fabrication of customized microneedles based on variations in specific input parameters for therapeutic applications in dermal sensors, drug delivery, and vaccine delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faisal Khaled Aldawood
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Bisha, P.O. Box 001, Bisha 67714, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Abhay Andar
- Translational Life Science Technology, University of Maryland Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA;
| | - Salil Desai
- Center for Excellence in Product Design and Advanced Manufacturing, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA
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11
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Fitaihi R, Abukhamees S, Chung SH, Craig DQM. Optimization of stereolithography 3D printing of microneedle micro-molds for ocular drug delivery. Int J Pharm 2024; 658:124195. [PMID: 38703935 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Microneedles (MN) have emerged as an innovative technology for drug delivery, offering a minimally invasive approach to administer therapeutic agents. Recent applications have included ocular drug delivery, requiring the manufacture of sub-millimeter needle arrays in a reproducible and reliable manner. The development of 3D printing technologies has facilitated the fabrication of MN via mold production, although there is a paucity of information available regarding how the printing parameters may influence crucial issues such as sharpness and penetration efficacy. In this study, we have developed and optimized a 3D-printed MN micro-mold using stereolithography (SLA) 3D printing to prepare a dissolving ocular MN patch. The effects of a range of parameters including aspect ratio, layer thickness, length, mold shape and printing orientation have been examined with regard to both architecture and printing accuracy of the MN micro-mold, while the effects of printing angle on needle fidelity was also examined for a range of basic shapes (conical, pyramidal and triangular pyramidal). Mechanical strength and in vitro penetration of the polymeric (PVP/PVA) MN patch produced from reverse molds fabricated using MN with a range of shapes and height, and aspect ratios were assessed, followed by ex vivo studies of penetration into excised scleral and corneal tissues. The optimization process identified the parameters required to produce MN with the sharpest tips and highest dimensional fidelity, while the ex vivo studies indicated that these optimized systems would penetrate the ocular tissue with minimal applied pressure, thereby allowing ease of patient self-administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rawan Fitaihi
- Research Department of Pharmaceutics, University College London, School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, WC1N 1AX London, UK; Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Shorooq Abukhamees
- Research Department of Pharmaceutics, University College London, School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, WC1N 1AX London, UK; Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan.
| | - Se Hun Chung
- Research Department of Pharmaceutics, University College London, School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, WC1N 1AX London, UK; Academic Centre of Reconstructive Science, King's College London, London, UK.
| | - Duncan Q M Craig
- Research Department of Pharmaceutics, University College London, School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, WC1N 1AX London, UK; Faculty of Science, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK.
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12
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Pang Y, Li Y, Chen K, Wu M, Zhang J, Sun Y, Xu Y, Wang X, Wang Q, Ning X, Kong D. Porous Microneedles Through Direct Ink Drawing with Nanocomposite Inks for Transdermal Collection of Interstitial Fluid. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2305838. [PMID: 38258379 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202305838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Interstitial fluid (ISF) is an attractive alternative to regular blood sampling for health checks and disease diagnosis. Porous microneedles (MNs) are well suited for collecting ISF in a minimally invasive manner. However, traditional methods of molding MNs from microfabricated templates involve prohibitive fabrication costs and fixed designs. To overcome these limitations, this study presents a facile and economical additive manufacturing approach to create porous MNs. Compared to traditional layerwise build sequences, direct ink drawing with nanocomposite inks can define sharp MNs with tailored shapes and achieve vastly improved fabrication efficiency. The key to this fabrication strategy is the yield-stress fluid ink that is easily formulated by dispersing silica nanoparticles into the cellulose acetate polymer solution. As-printed MNs are solidified into interconnected porous microstructure inside a coagulation bath of deionized water. The resulting MNs exhibit high mechanical strength and high porosity. This approach also allows porous MNs to be easily integrated on various substrates. In particular, MNs on filter paper substrates are highly flexible to rapidly collect ISF on non-flat skin sites. The extracted ISF is used for quantitative analysis of biomarkers, including glucose, = calcium ions, and calcium ions. Overall, the developments allow facile fabrication of porous MNs for transdermal diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yushuang Pang
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yanyan Li
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Kerong Chen
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Ming Wu
- Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jiaxue Zhang
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yuping Sun
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yurui Xu
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Xiaoliang Wang
- Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Qian Wang
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xinghai Ning
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Desheng Kong
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
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13
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Ertas YN, Ertas D, Erdem A, Segujja F, Dulchavsky S, Ashammakhi N. Diagnostic, Therapeutic, and Theranostic Multifunctional Microneedles. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2308479. [PMID: 38385813 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202308479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Microneedles (MNs) have maintained their popularity in therapeutic and diagnostic medical applications throughout the past decade. MNs are originally designed to gently puncture the stratum corneum layer of the skin and have lately evolved into intelligent devices with functions including bodily fluid extraction, biosensing, and drug administration. MNs offer limited invasiveness, ease of application, and minimal discomfort. Initially manufactured solely from metals, MNs are now available in polymer-based varieties. MNs can be used to create systems that deliver drugs and chemicals uniformly, collect bodily fluids, and are stimulus-sensitive. Although these advancements are favorable in terms of biocompatibility and production costs, they are insufficient for the therapeutic use of MNs. This is the first comprehensive review that discusses individual MN functions toward the evolution and development of smart and multifunctional MNs for a variety of novel and impactful future applications. The study examines fabrication techniques, application purposes, and experimental details of MN constructs that perform multiple functions concurrently, including sensing, drug-molecule release, sampling, and remote communication capabilities. It is highly likely that in the near future, MN-based smart devices will be a useful and important component of standard medical practice for different applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yavuz Nuri Ertas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Erciyes University, Kayseri, 38039, Türkiye
- ERNAM-Nanotechnology Research and Application Center, Erciyes University, Kayseri, 38039, Türkiye
- UNAM-National Nanotechnology Research Center, Bilkent University, Ankara, 06800, Türkiye
| | - Derya Ertas
- ERNAM-Nanotechnology Research and Application Center, Erciyes University, Kayseri, 38039, Türkiye
| | - Ahmet Erdem
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Kocaeli University, Umuttepe Campus, Kocaeli, 41380, Türkiye
- Department of Chemistry, Kocaeli University, Umuttepe Campus, Kocaeli, 41380, Türkiye
| | - Farouk Segujja
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Kocaeli University, Umuttepe Campus, Kocaeli, 41380, Türkiye
| | - Scott Dulchavsky
- Department of Surgery, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Nureddin Ashammakhi
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering (IQ) and Department of Biomedical Engineering (BME), Colleges of Engineering and Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
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14
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Zhuang ZM, Wang Y, Feng ZX, Lin XY, Wang ZC, Zhong XC, Guo K, Zhong YF, Fang QQ, Wu XJ, Chen J, Tan WQ. Targeting Diverse Wounds and Scars: Recent Innovative Bio-design of Microneedle Patch for Comprehensive Management. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2306565. [PMID: 38037685 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202306565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Wounds and the subsequent formation of scars constitute a unified and complex phased process. Effective treatment is crucial; however, the diverse therapeutic approaches for different wounds and scars, as well as varying treatment needs at different stages, present significant challenges in selecting appropriate interventions. Microneedle patch (MNP), as a novel minimally invasive transdermal drug delivery system, has the potential for integrated and programmed treatment of various diseases and has shown promising applications in different types of wounds and scars. In this comprehensive review, the latest applications and biotechnological innovations of MNPs in these fields are thoroughly explored, summarizing their powerful abilities to accelerate healing, inhibit scar formation, and manage related symptoms. Moreover, potential applications in various scenarios are discussed. Additionally, the side effects, manufacturing processes, and material selection to explore the clinical translational potential are investigated. This groundwork can provide a theoretical basis and serve as a catalyst for future innovations in the pursuit of favorable therapeutic options for skin tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Ming Zhuang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310016, P. R. China
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310016, P. R. China
| | - Zi-Xuan Feng
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310016, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Ying Lin
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310016, P. R. China
| | - Zheng-Cai Wang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310016, P. R. China
| | - Xin-Cao Zhong
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310016, P. R. China
| | - Kai Guo
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310016, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Fan Zhong
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310016, P. R. China
| | - Qing-Qing Fang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310016, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Jin Wu
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, 322000, P. R. China
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, 322000, P. R. China
| | - Wei-Qiang Tan
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310016, P. R. China
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15
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Peng H, Han B, Tong T, Jin X, Peng Y, Guo M, Li B, Ding J, Kong Q, Wang Q. 3D printing processes in precise drug delivery for personalized medicine. Biofabrication 2024; 16:10.1088/1758-5090/ad3a14. [PMID: 38569493 PMCID: PMC11164598 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ad3a14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
With the advent of personalized medicine, the drug delivery system will be changed significantly. The development of personalized medicine needs the support of many technologies, among which three-dimensional printing (3DP) technology is a novel formulation-preparing process that creates 3D objects by depositing printing materials layer-by-layer based on the computer-aided design method. Compared with traditional pharmaceutical processes, 3DP produces complex drug combinations, personalized dosage, and flexible shape and structure of dosage forms (DFs) on demand. In the future, personalized 3DP drugs may supplement and even replace their traditional counterpart. We systematically introduce the applications of 3DP technologies in the pharmaceutical industry and summarize the virtues and shortcomings of each technique. The release behaviors and control mechanisms of the pharmaceutical DFs with desired structures are also analyzed. Finally, the benefits, challenges, and prospects of 3DP technology to the pharmaceutical industry are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haisheng Peng
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College, University of Shaoxing, Shaoxing, People’s Republic of China
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Bo Han
- Department of Pharmacy, Daqing Branch, Harbin Medical University, Daqing, People’s Republic of China
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Tianjian Tong
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, United States of America
| | - Xin Jin
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College, University of Shaoxing, Shaoxing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanbo Peng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Rd, Nanjing 211198, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meitong Guo
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College, University of Shaoxing, Shaoxing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bian Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College, University of Shaoxing, Shaoxing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiaxin Ding
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College, University of Shaoxing, Shaoxing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qingfei Kong
- Department of Neurobiology, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qun Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, United States of America
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16
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Che Ab Rahman A, Matteini P, Kim SH, Hwang B, Lim S. Development of stretchable microneedle arrays via single-step digital light-processing printing for delivery of rhodamine B into skin tissue. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 262:129987. [PMID: 38342256 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
This paper introduces a novel approach for loading and releasing Rhodamine B (RhB) into the skin using minimally-invasive microneedle technology developed through digital light-processing (DLP) printing. Notably, this process involves the direct 3D fabrication of rigid microneedle arrays affixed to a flexible patch, marking a pioneering application of DLP printing in this context. The stretchable and durable design of the microneedle substrate enables it to adapt to dynamic movements associated with human activities. Moreover, the microneedle features a pore on each side of the pyramid needle, effectively optimizing its drug-loading capabilities. Results indicate that the microneedle patch can withstand up to 50 % strain without failure and successfully penetrates rat skin. In vitro drug release profiles, conducted through artificial and rat skin, were observed over a 70 h period. This study establishes the potential of a simple manufacturing process for the creation of pore-designed microneedle arrays with a stretchable substrate, showcasing their viability in transdermal drug delivery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aqila Che Ab Rahman
- Department of Flexible and Printable Electronics, LANL-JBNU Engineering Institute-Korea, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Paolo Matteini
- Institute of Applied Physics "Nello Carrara", Italian National Research Council, via Madonna del Piano 10, Sesto Fiorentino I-50019, Italy
| | - Se Hyun Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea.
| | - Byungil Hwang
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sooman Lim
- Department of Flexible and Printable Electronics, LANL-JBNU Engineering Institute-Korea, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea.
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17
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Aldawood FK, Parupelli SK, Andar A, Desai S. 3D Printing of Biodegradable Polymeric Microneedles for Transdermal Drug Delivery Applications. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:237. [PMID: 38399291 PMCID: PMC10893432 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16020237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Microneedle (MN) technology is an optimal choice for the delivery of drugs via the transdermal route, with a minimally invasive procedure. MN applications are varied from drug delivery, cosmetics, tissue engineering, vaccine delivery, and disease diagnostics. The MN is a biomedical device that offers many advantages including but not limited to a painless experience, being time-effective, and real-time sensing. This research implements additive manufacturing (AM) technology to fabricate MN arrays for advanced therapeutic applications. Stereolithography (SLA) was used to fabricate six MN designs with three aspect ratios. The MN array included conical-shaped 100 needles (10 × 10 needle) in each array. The microneedles were characterized using optical and scanning electron microscopy to evaluate the dimensional accuracy. Further, mechanical and insertion tests were performed to analyze the mechanical strength and skin penetration capabilities of the polymeric MN. MNs with higher aspect ratios had higher deformation characteristics suitable for penetration to deeper levels beyond the stratum corneum. MNs with both 0.3 mm and 0.4 mm base diameters displayed consistent force-displacement behavior during a skin-equivalent penetration test. This research establishes guidelines for fabricating polymeric MN for high-accuracy and low-cost 3D printing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faisal Khaled Aldawood
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Bisha, P.O. Box 001, Bisha 67714, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Santosh Kumar Parupelli
- Center of Excellence in Product Design and Advanced Manufacturing, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA;
| | - Abhay Andar
- Champions Oncology, Inc., 1 University Plaza Dr, Hackensack, NJ 07601, USA;
| | - Salil Desai
- Center of Excellence in Product Design and Advanced Manufacturing, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA;
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18
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Loh JM, Lim YJL, Tay JT, Cheng HM, Tey HL, Liang K. Design and fabrication of customizable microneedles enabled by 3D printing for biomedical applications. Bioact Mater 2024; 32:222-241. [PMID: 37869723 PMCID: PMC10589728 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2023.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Microneedles (MNs) is an emerging technology that employs needles ranging from 10 to 1000 μm in height, as a minimally invasive technique for various procedures such as therapeutics, disease monitoring and diagnostics. The commonly used method of fabrication, micromolding, has the advantage of scalability, however, micromolding is unable to achieve rapid customizability in dimensions, geometries and architectures, which are the pivotal factors determining the functionality and efficacy of the MNs. 3D printing offers a promising alternative by enabling MN fabrication with high dimensional accuracy required for precise applications, leading to improved performance. Furthermore, enabled by its customizability and one-step process, there is propitious potential for growth for 3D-printed MNs especially in the field of personalized and on-demand medical devices. This review provides an overview of considerations for the key parameters in designing MNs, an introduction on the various 3D-printing techniques for fabricating this new generation of MNs, as well as highlighting the advancements in biomedical applications facilitated by 3D-printed MNs. Lastly, we offer some insights into the future prospects of 3D-printed MNs, specifically its progress towards translation and entry into market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Min Loh
- A*STAR Skin Research Labs (A*SRL), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Yun Jie Larissa Lim
- A*STAR Skin Research Labs (A*SRL), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Jin Ting Tay
- A*STAR Skin Research Labs (A*SRL), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | | | - Hong Liang Tey
- National Skin Centre (NSC), Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
- Yong Loo Ling School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kun Liang
- A*STAR Skin Research Labs (A*SRL), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore, Singapore
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19
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Wang X, Wang Z, Xiao M, Li Z, Zhu Z. Advances in biomedical systems based on microneedles: design, fabrication, and application. Biomater Sci 2024; 12:530-563. [PMID: 37971423 DOI: 10.1039/d3bm01551c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Wearable devices have become prevalent in biomedical studies due to their convenient portability and potential utility in biomarker monitoring for healthcare. Accessing interstitial fluid (ISF) across the skin barrier, microneedle (MN) is a promising minimally invasive wearable technology for transdermal sensing and drug delivery. MN has the potential to overcome the limitations of conventional transdermal drug administration, making it another prospective mode of drug delivery after oral and injectable. Subsequently, combining MN with multiple sensing approaches has led to its extensive application to detect biomarkers in ISF. In this context, employing MN platforms and control schemes to merge diagnostic and therapeutic capabilities into theranostic systems will facilitate on-demand therapy and point-of-care diagnostics, paving the way for future MN technologies. A comprehensive analysis of the growing advances of microneedles in biomedical systems is presented in this review to summarize the latest studies for academics in the field and to offer for reference the issues that need to be addressed in MN application for healthcare. Covering an array of novel studies, we discuss the following main topics: classification of microneedles in the biomedical field, considerations of MN design, current applications of microneedles in diagnosis and therapy, and the regulatory landscape and prospects of microneedles for biomedical applications. This review sheds light on the significance of microneedle-based innovations, presenting an analysis of their potential implications and contributions to the community of wearable healthcare technologies. The review provides a comprehensive understanding of the field's current state and potential, making it a valuable resource for academics and clinicians seeking to harness the full potential of MN applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinghao Wang
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 516 Jungong Road, Shanghai 200093, China.
| | - Zifeng Wang
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 516 Jungong Road, Shanghai 200093, China.
| | - Min Xiao
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 516 Jungong Road, Shanghai 200093, China.
| | - Zhanhong Li
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 516 Jungong Road, Shanghai 200093, China.
| | - Zhigang Zhu
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 516 Jungong Road, Shanghai 200093, China.
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20
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Reynoso M, Chang AY, Wu Y, Murray R, Suresh S, Dugas Y, Wang J, Arroyo-Currás N. 3D-printed, aptamer-based microneedle sensor arrays using magnetic placement on live rats for pharmacokinetic measurements in interstitial fluid. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 244:115802. [PMID: 37939414 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Molecular monitoring in the dermal interstitial fluid (ISF) is an attractive approach to painlessly screen markers of health and disease status on the go. One promising strategy for accessing ISF involves the use of wearable patches containing microneedle sensor arrays. To date, such microneedle sensors have been fabricated via various manufacturing strategies based on injection molding, machining, and advanced lithography to name a few. Our groups previously reported 3D-printed microneedles as a convenient and scalable approach to sensor fabrication that, when combined with aptamer-based molecular measurements, can support continuous molecular monitoring in ISF. However, the original platform suffered from poor patch stability when deployed on the skin of rodents in vivo. We identified that this problem was due to the rheological properties of the rodent skin, which can contract post microneedle placement, physically pushing the microneedles out of the skin. This sensor retraction caused a loss of electrical contact between working and reference needles, irreversibly damaging the sensors. To address this problem, we report here an innovative approach that allows magnetic placement of microneedle sensor arrays on the skin of live rodents, affixing the patches under light pressure that prevents needle retraction. Using this strategy, we achieved sensor signaling baselines that drift at rates comparable to those seen with other in vivo deployments of electrochemical, aptamer-based sensors. We illustrate real-time pharmacokinetic measurements in live Sprague-Dawley rats using SLA-printed, aptamer-functionalized microneedles and demonstrate their ability to support drift correction via kinetic differential measurements. We also discuss future prospects and challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Reynoso
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, United States
| | - An-Yi Chang
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, United States
| | - Yao Wu
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, United States
| | - Raygan Murray
- Biochemistry, Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, United States
| | - Smrithi Suresh
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, United States
| | - Yuma Dugas
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, United States
| | - Joseph Wang
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, United States.
| | - Netzahualcóyotl Arroyo-Currás
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, United States; Biochemistry, Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, United States.
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21
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Wang B, Lu H, Jiang S, Gao B. Recent advances of microneedles biosensors for plants. Anal Bioanal Chem 2024; 416:55-69. [PMID: 37872414 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-05003-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
As the lack of plants can affect the energy operation of the entire ecosystem, monitoring and improving the health status of plants is crucial. However, ordinary biosensing platforms lack accuracy and timeliness in monitoring plant growth status. In addition, the prevention and control of plant diseases often involve spraying and administering drugs, which is inefficient and prone to pollution. Microneedles have unique dimensions and shapes, and they have significant advantages as biosensors in the fields of sensing, detection, and drug delivery. Recent evidence suggests that microneedle biosensors can become effective tools for plant diagnosis and treatment. In this review, the comprehensive development of the application of microneedle biosensors in the field of plants is introduced, as well as their manufacturing processes and sensing and detection functions. Furthermore, the application of microneedle biosensors in this field is discussed, and future development directions are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingyi Wang
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Huihui Lu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Senhao Jiang
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Bingbing Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China.
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22
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Malek-Khatabi A, Rad-Malekshahi M, Shafiei M, Sharifi F, Motasadizadeh H, Ebrahiminejad V, Rad-Malekshahi M, Akbarijavar H, Faraji Rad Z. Botulinum toxin A dissolving microneedles for hyperhidrosis treatment: design, formulation and in vivo evaluation. Biomater Sci 2023; 11:7784-7804. [PMID: 37905676 DOI: 10.1039/d3bm01301d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Multiple periodic injections of botulinum toxin A (BTX-A) are the standard treatment of hyperhidrosis which causes excessive sweating. However, BTX-A injections can create problems, including incorrect and painful injections, the risk of drug entry into the bloodstream, the need for medical expertise, and waste disposal problems. New drug delivery systems can substantially reduce these problems. Transdermal delivery is an effective alternative to conventional BTX-A injections. However, BTX-A's large molecular size and susceptibility to degradation complicate transdermal delivery. Dissolving microneedle patches (DMNPs) encapsulated with BTX-A (BTX-A/DMNPs) are a promising solution that can penetrate the dermis painlessly and provide localized translocation of BTX-A. In this study, using high-precision 3D laser lithography and subsequent molding, DMNPs were prepared based on a combination of biocompatible polyvinylpyrrolidone and hyaluronic acid polymers to deliver BTX-A with ultra-sharp needle tips of 1.5 ± 0.5 µm. Mechanical, morphological and histological assessments of the prepared DMNPs were performed to optimize their physicochemical properties. Furthermore, the BTX-A release and diffusion kinetics across the skin layers were investigated. A COMSOL simulation was conducted to study the diffusion process. The primary stability analysis reported significant stability for three months. Finally, the functionality of the BTX-A/DMNPs for the suppression of sweat glands was confirmed on the hyperhidrosis mouse footpad, which drastically reduced sweat gland activity. The results demonstrate that these engineered DMNPs can be an effective, painless, inexpensive alternative to hypodermic injections when treating hyperhidrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atefeh Malek-Khatabi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biomaterials and Medical Biomaterials Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mazda Rad-Malekshahi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biomaterials and Medical Biomaterials Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Morvarid Shafiei
- Department of Bacteriology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Sharifi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Motasadizadeh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahid Ebrahiminejad
- School of Engineering, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield, Queensland, 4300, Australia.
| | | | - Hamid Akbarijavar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biomaterials and Medical Biomaterials Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Faraji Rad
- School of Engineering, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield, Queensland, 4300, Australia.
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23
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Manna S, Gupta P, Nandi G, Jana S. Recent update on alginate based promising transdermal drug delivery systems. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE. POLYMER EDITION 2023; 34:2291-2318. [PMID: 37368494 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2023.2230847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Alongside oral delivery of therapeutics, transdermal delivery systems have gained increased patient acceptability over past few decades. With increasing popularity, novel techniques were employed for transdermal drug targeting which involves microneedle patches, transdermal films and hydrogel based formulations. Hydrogel forming ability along with other rheological behaviour makes natural polysaccharides an attractive option for transdermal use. Being a marine originated anionic polysaccharide, alginates are widely used in pharmaceutical, cosmetics and food industries. Alginate possesses excellent biodegradability, biocompatibility and mucoadhesive properties. Owing to many favourable properties required for transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDS), the application of alginates are increasing in recent times. This review summarizes the source and properties of alginate along with several transdermal delivery techniques including the application of alginate for respective transdermal systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreejan Manna
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Brainware University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Prajna Gupta
- Division of Pharmaceutics, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of North Bengal, Darjeeling, West Bengal, India
| | - Gouranga Nandi
- Division of Pharmaceutics, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of North Bengal, Darjeeling, West Bengal, India
| | - Sougata Jana
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Gupta College of Technological Sciences, Asansol, West Bengal, India
- Department of Health and Family Welfare, Directorate of Health Services, Kolkata, India
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24
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Luo J, Chen F, Cao H, Zhu W, Deng J, Li D, Li W, Deng J, Zhong Y, Feng H, Li Y, Gong X, Zeng J, Chen J. Customised 3D-Printed Surgical Guide for Breast-Conserving Surgery after Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy and Its Clinical Application. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:1296. [PMID: 38002420 PMCID: PMC10669255 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10111296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
For patients eligible to undergo breast-conserving surgery (BCS) after neoadjuvant chemotherapy, accurate preoperative localisation of tumours is vital to ensure adequate tumour resection that can reduce recurrence probability effectively. For this reason, we have developed a 3D-printed personalised breast surgery guide (BSG) assisted with supine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and image 3D reconstruction technology, capable of mapping the tumour area identified on MRI onto the breast directly using dual positioning based on the manubrium and nipple. In addition, the BSG allows the colour dye to be injected into the breast to mark the tumour region to be removed, yielding more accurate intraoperative resection and satisfactory cosmetic outcomes. The device has been applied to 14 patients from January 2018 to July 2023, with two positive margins revealed by the intraoperative biopsy. This study showed that the BSG-based method could facilitate precise tumour resection of BCS by accurately localising tumour extent and margin, promoting the clinical efficacy in patients with breast cancer as well as simplifying the surgical process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Luo
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Clinical Research Center for Breast & Thyroid Disease Prevention in Hunan Province (2018SK4001), The Second Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Feng Chen
- National Engineering Research Centre for High Efficiency Grinding, College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Hong Cao
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Clinical Research Center for Breast & Thyroid Disease Prevention in Hunan Province (2018SK4001), The Second Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Wei Zhu
- National Engineering Research Centre for High Efficiency Grinding, College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Jian Deng
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Clinical Research Center for Breast & Thyroid Disease Prevention in Hunan Province (2018SK4001), The Second Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Clinical Research Center for Breast & Thyroid Disease Prevention in Hunan Province (2018SK4001), The Second Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Clinical Research Center for Breast & Thyroid Disease Prevention in Hunan Province (2018SK4001), The Second Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Junjie Deng
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Clinical Research Center for Breast & Thyroid Disease Prevention in Hunan Province (2018SK4001), The Second Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Yangyan Zhong
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Clinical Research Center for Breast & Thyroid Disease Prevention in Hunan Province (2018SK4001), The Second Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Haigang Feng
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Clinical Research Center for Breast & Thyroid Disease Prevention in Hunan Province (2018SK4001), The Second Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Yilin Li
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Clinical Research Center for Breast & Thyroid Disease Prevention in Hunan Province (2018SK4001), The Second Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Xiongmeiyu Gong
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Clinical Research Center for Breast & Thyroid Disease Prevention in Hunan Province (2018SK4001), The Second Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Jutao Zeng
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Clinical Research Center for Breast & Thyroid Disease Prevention in Hunan Province (2018SK4001), The Second Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Jiaren Chen
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Clinical Research Center for Breast & Thyroid Disease Prevention in Hunan Province (2018SK4001), The Second Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
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25
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Li Y, Chen K, Pang Y, Zhang J, Wu M, Xu Y, Cao S, Zhang X, Wang S, Sun Y, Ning X, Wang X, Kong D. Multifunctional Microneedle Patches via Direct Ink Drawing of Nanocomposite Inks for Personalized Transdermal Drug Delivery. ACS NANO 2023; 17:19925-19937. [PMID: 37805947 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c04758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Additive manufacturing, commonly known as 3D printing, allows decentralized drug fabrication of orally administered tablets. Microneedles are comparatively favorable for self-administered transdermal drug delivery with improved absorption and bioavailability. Due to the cross-scale geometric characteristics, 3D-printed microneedles face a significant trade-off between the feature resolution and production speed in conventional layer-wise deposition sequences. In this study, we introduce an economical and scalable direct ink drawing strategy to create drug-loaded microneedles. A freestanding microneedle is efficiently generated upon each pneumatic extrusion and controlled drawing process. Sharp tips of ∼5 μm are formed with submillimeter nozzles, representing 2 orders of magnitude improved resolution. As the key enabler of this fabrication strategy, the yield-stress fluid inks are formulated by simply filling silica nanoparticles into regular polymer solutions. The approach is compatible with various microneedles based on dissolvable, biodegradable, and nondegradable polymers. Various matrices are readily adopted to adjust the release behaviors of the drug-loaded microneedles. Successful fabrication of multifunctional patches with heterogeneously integrated microneedles allows the treatment of melanoma via synergistic photothermal therapy and combination chemotherapy. The personalized patches are designed for cancer severity to achieve high therapeutic efficacy with minimal side effects. The direct ink drawing reported here provides a facile and low-cost fabrication strategy for multifunctional microneedle patches for self-administering transdermal drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Li
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210046, China
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Kerong Chen
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210046, China
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Yushuang Pang
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210046, China
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Jiaxue Zhang
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210046, China
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Ming Wu
- Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Yurui Xu
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210046, China
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Shitai Cao
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210046, China
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Xinxin Zhang
- College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
| | - Shaolei Wang
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210046, China
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Yuping Sun
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210046, China
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Xinghai Ning
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210046, China
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Xiaoliang Wang
- Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Desheng Kong
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210046, China
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210046, China
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
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26
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Shriky B, Babenko M, Whiteside BR. Dissolving and Swelling Hydrogel-Based Microneedles: An Overview of Their Materials, Fabrication, Characterization Methods, and Challenges. Gels 2023; 9:806. [PMID: 37888379 PMCID: PMC10606778 DOI: 10.3390/gels9100806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Polymeric hydrogels are a complex class of materials with one common feature-the ability to form three-dimensional networks capable of imbibing large amounts of water or biological fluids without being dissolved, acting as self-sustained containers for various purposes, including pharmaceutical and biomedical applications. Transdermal pharmaceutical microneedles are a pain-free drug delivery system that continues on the path to widespread adoption-regulatory guidelines are on the horizon, and investments in the field continue to grow annually. Recently, hydrogels have generated interest in the field of transdermal microneedles due to their tunable properties, allowing them to be exploited as delivery systems and extraction tools. As hydrogel microneedles are a new emerging technology, their fabrication faces various challenges that must be resolved for them to redeem themselves as a viable pharmaceutical option. This article discusses hydrogel microneedles from a material perspective, regardless of their mechanism of action. It cites the recent advances in their formulation, presents relevant fabrication and characterization methods, and discusses manufacturing and regulatory challenges facing these emerging technologies before their approval.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bana Shriky
- Faculty of Engineering and Digital Technologies, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, UK;
| | | | - Ben R. Whiteside
- Faculty of Engineering and Digital Technologies, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, UK;
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27
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Xu H, Chen S, Hu R, Hu M, Xu Y, Yoon Y, Chen Y. Continuous Vat Photopolymerization for Optical Lens Fabrication. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2300517. [PMID: 37246277 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202300517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Optical lenses require feature resolution and surface roughness that are beyond most (3D) printing methods. A new continuous projection-based vat photopolymerization process is reported that can directly shape polymer materials into optical lenses with microscale dimensional accuracy (< 14.7 µm) and nanoscale surface roughness (< 20 nm) without post-processing. The main idea is to utilize frustum layer stacking, instead of the conventional 2.5D layer stacking, to eliminate staircase aliasing. A continuous change of mask images is achieved using a zooming-focused projection system to generate the desired frustum layer stacking with controlled slant angles. The dynamic control of image size, objective and imaging distances, and light intensity involved in the zooming-focused continuous vat photopolymerization are systematically investigated. The experimental results reveal the effectiveness of the proposed process. The 3D-printed optical lenses with various designs, including parabolic lenses, fisheye lenses, and a laser beam expander, are fabricated with a surface roughness of 3.4 nm without post-processing. The dimensional accuracy and optical performance of the 3D-printed compound parabolic concentrators and fisheye lenses within a few millimeters are investiagted. These results highlight the rapid and precise nature of this novel manufacturing process, demonstrating a promising avenue for future optical component and device fabrication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Xu
- Center for Advanced Manufacturing, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90007, USA
- Daniel J. Epstein Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Shuai Chen
- Center for Advanced Manufacturing, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90007, USA
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Renzhi Hu
- Center for Advanced Manufacturing, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90007, USA
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Muqun Hu
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Yang Xu
- Center for Advanced Manufacturing, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90007, USA
- Daniel J. Epstein Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Yeowon Yoon
- Center for Advanced Manufacturing, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90007, USA
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Yong Chen
- Center for Advanced Manufacturing, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90007, USA
- Daniel J. Epstein Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
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28
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Hsieh SA, Shamsaei D, Ocaña-Rios I, Anderson JL. Batch Scale Production of 3D Printed Extraction Sorbents Using a Low-Cost Modification to a Desktop Printer. Anal Chem 2023; 95:13417-13422. [PMID: 37647518 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c02679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
This study reports a simple modification to a commercial resin 3D printer that significantly reduces the amount of prepolymer material needed for the production of extraction sorbents. The modified printing platform is demonstrated in the printing of two imidazolium-based ionic liquid (IL) monomers. Two geometries resembling a blade-type polymeric ionic liquid (PIL) sorbent used in thin-film microextraction and a fiber-type sorbent used in solid-phase microextraction (SPME) were printed. The SPME PIL sorbents were used to extract 10 organic contaminants, including plasticizers, antimicrobial agents, UV filters, and pesticides, from water followed by high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) analysis. To compare the extraction performance of the SPME sorbents, seven fibers printed with the same prepolymer composition from the same printing batch as well as different batches were evaluated. The results revealed highly reproducible extraction efficiencies for all tested sorbents with no statistical difference in their extraction performance. Method validation showed acceptable linearity (R2 > 0.92) for all analytes with limits of detection and limits of quantification ranging from 0.13 to 45 μg L-1 and 0.43 to 150 μg L-1, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-An Hsieh
- Ames National Laboratory, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Danial Shamsaei
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Iran Ocaña-Rios
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Jared L Anderson
- Ames National Laboratory, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
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29
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Wang H, Xu J, Xiang L. Microneedle-Mediated Transcutaneous Immunization: Potential in Nucleic Acid Vaccination. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2300339. [PMID: 37115817 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202300339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Efforts aimed at exploring economical and efficient vaccination have taken center stage to combat frequent epidemics worldwide. Various vaccines have been developed for infectious diseases, among which nucleic acid vaccines have attracted much attention from researchers due to their design flexibility and wide application. However, the lack of an efficient delivery system considerably limits the clinical translation of nucleic acid vaccines. As mass vaccinations via syringes are limited by low patient compliance and high costs, microneedles (MNs), which can achieve painless, cost-effective, and efficient drug delivery, can provide an ideal vaccination strategy. The MNs can break through the stratum corneum barrier in the skin and deliver vaccines to the immune cell-rich epidermis and dermis. In addition, the feasibility of MN-mediated vaccination is demonstrated in both preclinical and clinical studies and has tremendous potential for the delivery of nucleic acid vaccines. In this work, the current status of research on MN vaccines is reviewed. Moreover, the improvements of MN-mediated nucleic acid vaccination are summarized and the challenges of its clinical translation in the future are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haochen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Junhua Xu
- Biopharmaceutical Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Lin Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
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30
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Amouzadeh Tabrizi M. A Facile Method for the Fabrication of the Microneedle Electrode and Its Application in the Enzymatic Determination of Glutamate. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:828. [PMID: 37622914 PMCID: PMC10452303 DOI: 10.3390/bios13080828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Herein, a simple method has been used in the fabrication of a microneedle electrode (MNE). To do this, firstly, a commercial self-dissolving microneedle patch has been used to make a hard-polydimethylsiloxane-based micro-pore mold (MPM). Then, the pores of the MPM were filled with the conductive platinum (Pt) paste and cured in an oven. Afterward, the MNE made of platinum (Pt-MNE) was characterized using cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). To prove the electrochemical applicability of the Pt-MNE, the glutamate oxidase enzyme was immobilized on the surface of the electrode, to detect glutamate, using the cyclic voltammetry (CV) and chronoamperometry (CA) methods. The obtained results demonstrated that the fabricated biosensor could detect a glutamate concentration in the range of 10-150 µM. The limits of detection (LODs) (three standard deviations of the blank/slope) were also calculated to be 0.25 µM and 0.41 µM, using CV and CA, respectively. Furthermore, the Michaelis-Menten constant (KMapp) of the biosensor was calculated to be 296.48 µM using a CA method. The proposed biosensor was finally applied, to detect the glutamate concentration in human serum samples. The presented method for the fabrication of the mold signifies a step further toward the fabrication of a microneedle electrode.
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31
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Baker-Sediako RD, Richter B, Blaicher M, Thiel M, Hermatschweiler M. Industrial perspectives for personalized microneedles. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 14:857-864. [PMID: 37615014 PMCID: PMC10442529 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.14.70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Microneedles and, subsequently, microneedle arrays are emerging miniaturized medical devices for painless transdermal drug delivery. New and improved additive manufacturing methods enable novel microneedle designs to be realized for preclinical and clinical trial assessments. However, current literature reviews suggest that industrial manufacturers and researchers have focused their efforts on one-size-fits-all designs for transdermal drug delivery, regardless of patient demographic and injection site. In this perspective article, we briefly review current microneedle designs, microfabrication methods, and industrialization strategies. We also provide an outlook where microneedles may become personalized according to a patient's demographic in order to increase drug delivery efficiency and reduce healing times for patient-centric care.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Benjamin Richter
- Nanoscribe Gmbh & Co, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 6, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Matthias Blaicher
- Nanoscribe Gmbh & Co, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 6, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Michael Thiel
- Nanoscribe Gmbh & Co, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 6, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Martin Hermatschweiler
- Nanoscribe Gmbh & Co, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 6, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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Tang X, Dong Y, Li Q, Liu Z, Yan N, Li Y, Liu B, Jiang L, Song R, Wang Y, Li G, Fang P. Using microneedle array electrodes for non-invasive electrophysiological signal acquisition and sensory feedback evoking. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1238210. [PMID: 37600312 PMCID: PMC10435869 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1238210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Bidirectional transmission of information is needed to realize a closed-loop human-machine interaction (HMI), where electrophysiological signals are recorded for man-machine control and electrical stimulations are used for machine-man feedback. As a neural interface (NI) connecting man and machine, electrodes play an important role in HMI and their characteristics are critical for information transmission. Methods: In this work, we fabricated a kind of microneedle array electrodes (MAEs) by using a magnetization-induced self-assembly method, where microneedles with a length of 500-600 μm and a tip diameter of ∼20 μm were constructed on flexible substrates. Part of the needle length could penetrate through the subjects' stratum corneum and reach the epidermis, but not touch the dermis, establishing a safe and direct communication pathway between external electrical circuit and internal peripheral nervous system. Results: The MAEs showed significantly lower and more stable electrode-skin interface impedance than the metal-based flat array electrodes (FAEs) in various testing scenarios, demonstrating their promising impedance characteristics. With the stable microneedle structure, MAEs exhibited an average SNR of EMG that is more than 30% higher than FAEs, and a motion-intention classification accuracy that is 10% higher than FAEs. The successful sensation evoking demonstrated the feasibility of the MAE-based electrical stimulation for sensory feedback, where a variety of natural and intuitive feelings were generated in the subjects and thereafter objectively verified through EEG analysis. Discussion: This work confirms the application potential of MAEs working as an effective NI, in both electrophysiological recording and electrical stimulation, which may provide a technique support for the development of HMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Tang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Human-Machine Intelligence-Synergy Systems, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology & Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Neural Rehabilitation Technology, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen College of Advanced Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuanzhe Dong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Human-Machine Intelligence-Synergy Systems, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology & Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Neural Rehabilitation Technology, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen College of Advanced Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qingge Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Human-Machine Intelligence-Synergy Systems, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology & Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Neural Rehabilitation Technology, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen College of Advanced Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhiyuan Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Human-Machine Intelligence-Synergy Systems, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology & Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Neural Rehabilitation Technology, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen College of Advanced Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Nan Yan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Human-Machine Intelligence-Synergy Systems, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology & Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Neural Rehabilitation Technology, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen College of Advanced Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yongcheng Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Human-Machine Intelligence-Synergy Systems, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology & Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Neural Rehabilitation Technology, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen College of Advanced Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensor Technology and Biomedical Instrument, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lelun Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensor Technology and Biomedical Instrument, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rong Song
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensor Technology and Biomedical Instrument, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingying Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Human-Machine Intelligence-Synergy Systems, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology & Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Neural Rehabilitation Technology, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen College of Advanced Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Guanglin Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Human-Machine Intelligence-Synergy Systems, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology & Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Neural Rehabilitation Technology, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen College of Advanced Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Peng Fang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Human-Machine Intelligence-Synergy Systems, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology & Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Neural Rehabilitation Technology, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen College of Advanced Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
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Li Y, Bi D, Hu Z, Yang Y, Liu Y, Leung WK. Hydrogel-Forming Microneedles with Applications in Oral Diseases Management. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:4805. [PMID: 37445119 DOI: 10.3390/ma16134805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Controlled drug delivery in the oral cavity poses challenges such as bacterial contamination, saliva dilution, and inactivation by salivary enzymes upon ingestion. Microneedles offer a location-specific, minimally invasive, and retentive approach. Hydrogel-forming microneedles (HFMs) have emerged for dental diagnostics and therapeutics. HFMs penetrate the stratum corneum, undergo swelling upon contact, secure attachment, and enable sustained transdermal or transmucosal drug delivery. Commonly employed polymers such as polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and polyvinyl pyrrolidone are crosslinked with tartaric acid or its derivatives while incorporating therapeutic agents. Microneedle patches provide suture-free and painless drug delivery to keratinized or non-keratinized mucosa, facilitating site-specific treatment and patient compliance. This review comprehensively discusses HFMs' applications in dentistry such as local anesthesia, oral ulcer management, periodontal treatment, etc., encompassing animal experiments, clinical trials, and their fundamental impact and limitations, for example, restricted drug carrying capacity and, until now, a low number of dental clinical trial reports. The review explores the advantages and future perspectives of HFMs for oral drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Li
- Periodontology and Implant Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Duohang Bi
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Zhekai Hu
- Division of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yanqi Yang
- Division of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yijing Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Wai Keung Leung
- Periodontology and Implant Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Luo X, Yang L, Cui Y. Microneedles: materials, fabrication, and biomedical applications. Biomed Microdevices 2023; 25:20. [PMID: 37278852 PMCID: PMC10242236 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-023-00658-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The microneedles have attracted great interests for a wide range of transdermal biomedical applications, such as biosensing and drug delivery, due to the advantages of being painless, semi-invasive, and sustainable. The ongoing challenges are the materials and fabrication methods of the microneedles in order to obtain a specific shape, configuration and function of the microneedles to achieve a target biomedical application. Here, this review would introduce the types of materials of the microneedles firstly. The hardness, Young's modulus, geometric structure, processability, biocompatibility and degradability of the microneedles are explored as well. Then, the fabrication methods for the solid and hollow microneedles in recent years are reviewed in detail, and the advantages and disadvantages of each process are analyzed and compared. Finally, the biomedical applications of the microneedles are reviewed, including biosensing, drug delivery, body fluid extraction, and nerve stimulation. It is expected that this work provides the fundamental knowledge for developing new microneedle devices, as well as the applications in a variety of biomedical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojin Luo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, First Hospital Interdisciplinary Research Center, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Yang
- Renal Division, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University Institute of Nephrology, Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100034, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yue Cui
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, First Hospital Interdisciplinary Research Center, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, People's Republic of China.
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Haslinger MJ, Maier OS, Pribyl M, Taus P, Kopp S, Wanzenboeck HD, Hingerl K, Muehlberger MM, Guillén E. Increasing the Stability of Isolated and Dense High-Aspect-Ratio Nanopillars Fabricated Using UV-Nanoimprint Lithography. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:nano13091556. [PMID: 37177101 PMCID: PMC10180511 DOI: 10.3390/nano13091556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Structural anti-reflective coating and bactericidal surfaces, as well as many other effects, rely on high-aspect-ratio (HAR) micro- and nanostructures, and thus, are of great interest for a wide range of applications. To date, there is no widespread fabrication of dense or isolated HAR nanopillars based on UV nanoimprint lithography (UV-NIL). In addition, little research on fabricating isolated HAR nanopillars via UV-NIL exists. In this work, we investigated the mastering and replication of HAR nanopillars with the smallest possible diameters for dense and isolated arrangements. For this purpose, a UV-based nanoimprint lithography process was developed. Stability investigations with capillary forces were performed and compared with simulations. Finally, strategies were developed in order to increase the stability of imprinted nanopillars or to convert them into nanoelectrodes. We present UV-NIL replication of pillars with aspect ratios reaching up to 15 with tip diameters down to 35 nm for the first time. We show that the stability could be increased by a factor of 58 when coating them with a 20 nm gold layer and by a factor of 164 when adding an additional 20 nm thick layer of SiN. The coating of the imprints significantly improved the stability of the nanopillars, thus making them interesting for a wide range of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Oliver S Maier
- PROFACTOR GmbH, 4407 Steyr-Gleink, Austria
- Center for Surface and Nanoanalytics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Markus Pribyl
- TU Wien, Institute for Solid State Electronics, 1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - Philipp Taus
- TU Wien, Institute for Solid State Electronics, 1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - Sonja Kopp
- PROFACTOR GmbH, 4407 Steyr-Gleink, Austria
| | | | - Kurt Hingerl
- Center for Surface and Nanoanalytics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, 4040 Linz, Austria
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Baykara D, Bedir T, Ilhan E, Mutlu ME, Gunduz O, Narayan R, Ustundag CB. Fabrication and optimization of 3D printed gelatin methacryloyl microneedle arrays based on vat photopolymerization. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1157541. [PMID: 37251572 PMCID: PMC10214010 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1157541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Microneedles (MNs) are micrometer-sized arrays that can penetrate the skin in a minimally invasive manner; these devices offer tremendous potential for the transdermal delivery of therapeutic molecules. Although there are many conventional techniques for manufacturing MNs, most of them are complicated and can only fabricate MNs with specific geometries, which restricts the ability to adjust the performance of the MNs. Herein, we present the fabrication of gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) MN arrays using the vat photopolymerization 3D printing technique. This technique allows for the fabrication of high-resolution and smooth surface MNs with desired geometries. The existence of methacryloyl groups bonded to the GelMA was verified by 1H NMR and FTIR analysis. To examine the effects of varying needle heights (1000, 750, and 500 µm) and exposure times (30, 50, and 70 s) on GelMA MNs, the height, tip radius, and angle of the needles were measured; their morphological and mechanical properties were also characterized. It was observed that as the exposure time increased, the height of the MNs increased; moreover, sharper tips were obtained and tip angles decreased. In addition, GelMA MNs exhibited good mechanical performance with no breakage up to 0.3 mm displacement. These results indicate that 3D printed GelMA MNs have great potential for transdermal delivery of various therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilruba Baykara
- Center for Nanotechnology and Biomaterials Application and Research (NBUAM), Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tuba Bedir
- Center for Nanotechnology and Biomaterials Application and Research (NBUAM), Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Elif Ilhan
- Center for Nanotechnology and Biomaterials Application and Research (NBUAM), Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Eren Mutlu
- Center for Nanotechnology and Biomaterials Application and Research (NBUAM), Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Oguzhan Gunduz
- Center for Nanotechnology and Biomaterials Application and Research (NBUAM), Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Health Biotechnology Joint Research and Application Center of Excellence, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Roger Narayan
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Cem Bulent Ustundag
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Health Biotechnology Joint Research and Application Center of Excellence, Istanbul, Turkey
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Bahmani S, Khajavi R, Ehsani M, Rahimi MK, Kalaee MR. Transdermal drug delivery system of lidocaine hydrochloride based on dissolving gelatin/sodium carboxymethylcellulose microneedles. AAPS OPEN 2023. [DOI: 10.1186/s41120-023-00074-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractIn this study, it was aimed to introduce a transdermal drug delivery system with dissolving microneedles (DMNs) based on gelatin (GEL) and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (NaCMC) for lidocaine hydrochloride (LidoHCl) delivery. Different ratios of GEL and NaCMC were mixed, loaded with an active agent of LidoHCl, and treated with glutaraldehyde (GTA) as a crosslinker agent. Prepared hydrogels were cast into a silicon mold. Hereby, microneedles (MNs) with 500 µm height, 35° needle angle, 40-µm tip radius, and 960-µm tip-to-tip distance were fabricated. Samples containing LidoHCl 40%, GEL/NaCMC 5:1 (wt/wt), and polymer/GTA ratio 3.1 (wt/wt) showed the highest drug release ability (t < 10 min) with proper mechanical properties in comparison with other samples. Due to the drug release in a short time (fewer than 10 min), this drug delivery system can be used for rapid local anesthesia for pain relief as well as before minor skin surgeries.
Graphical Abstract
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Keirouz A, Mustafa YL, Turner JG, Lay E, Jungwirth U, Marken F, Leese HS. Conductive Polymer-Coated 3D Printed Microneedles: Biocompatible Platforms for Minimally Invasive Biosensing Interfaces. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2206301. [PMID: 36596657 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202206301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Conductive polymeric microneedle (MN) arrays as biointerface materials show promise for the minimally invasive monitoring of analytes in biodevices and wearables. There is increasing interest in microneedles as electrodes for biosensing, but efforts have been limited to metallic substrates, which lack biological stability and are associated with high manufacturing costs and laborious fabrication methods, which create translational barriers. In this work, additive manufacturing, which provides the user with design flexibility and upscale manufacturing, is employed to fabricate acrylic-based microneedle devices. These microneedle devices are used as platforms to produce intrinsically-conductive, polymer-based surfaces based on polypyrrole (PPy) and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS). These entirely polymer-based solid microneedle arrays act as dry conductive electrodes while omitting the requirement of a metallic seed layer. Two distinct coating methods of 3D-printed solid microneedles, in situ polymerization and drop casting, enable conductive functionality. The microneedle arrays penetrate ex vivo porcine skin grafts without compromising conductivity or microneedle morphology and demonstrate coating durability over multiple penetration cycles. The non-cytotoxic nature of the conductive microneedles is evaluated using human fibroblast cells. The proposed fabrication strategy offers a compelling approach to manufacturing polymer-based conductive microneedle surfaces that can be further exploited as platforms for biosensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonios Keirouz
- Materials for Health Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
- Centre for Biosensors, Bioelectronics and Biodevices (C3Bio), University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Yasemin L Mustafa
- Materials for Health Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
- Centre for Biosensors, Bioelectronics and Biodevices (C3Bio), University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Joseph G Turner
- Materials for Health Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
- Centre for Biosensors, Bioelectronics and Biodevices (C3Bio), University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Emily Lay
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
- Centre for Therapeutic Innovation, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Ute Jungwirth
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
- Centre for Therapeutic Innovation, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Frank Marken
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Hannah S Leese
- Materials for Health Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
- Centre for Biosensors, Bioelectronics and Biodevices (C3Bio), University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
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Parhi R. Recent advances in 3D printed microneedles and their skin delivery application in the treatment of various diseases. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2023.104395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
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3D Printed Hollow Microneedles for Treating Skin Wrinkles Using Different Anti-Wrinkle Agents: A Possible Futuristic Approach. COSMETICS 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/cosmetics10020041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin wrinkles are an inevitable phenomenon that is brought about by aging due to the degradation of scleroprotein fibers and significant collagen reduction, which is the fundamental basis of anti-wrinkle technology in use today. Conventional treatments such as lasering and Botulinum toxin have some drawbacks including allergic skin reactions, cumbersome treatment procedures, and inefficient penetration of the anti-wrinkle products into the skin due to the high resistance of stratum corneum. Bearing this in mind, the cosmetic industry has exploited the patient-compliant technology of microneedles (MNs) to treat skin wrinkles, developing several products based on solid and dissolvable MNs incorporated with antiwrinkle formulations. However, drug administration via these MNs is limited by the high molecular weight of the drugs. Hollow MNs (HMNs) can deliver a wider array of active agents, but that is a relatively unexplored area in the context of antiwrinkle technology. To address this gap, we discuss the possibility of bioinspired 3D printed HMNs in treating skin wrinkles in this paper. We compare the previous and current anti-wrinkling treatment options, as well as the techniques and challenges involved with its manufacture and commercialization.
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Min HS, Kim Y, Nam J, Ahn H, Kim M, Kang G, Jang M, Yang H, Jung H. Shape of dissolving microneedles determines skin penetration ability and efficacy of drug delivery. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2023; 145:213248. [PMID: 36610239 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.213248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Dissolving microneedles (DMNs) are used for minimally invasive transdermal drug delivery. Dissolution of drugs is achieved in the body after skin penetration by DMNs. Unlike injections, the insertion depth of the DMN is an important issue because the amount of dissolved DMN in the skin determines the amount of drug delivered. Therefore, the inaccurate drug delivery due to the incomplete insertion is one of the limitations of the DMN. Thus, many insertion and penetration tests have been essentially conducted in DMN studies, yet only incomplete insertion is known and the exact standard for how much it is not inserted is still unknown. Moreover, there are various shapes have been introduced in the microneedle field, there have been only few studies that have compared and evaluated the insertion depth of the shapes. Here, we present an intensive approach for DMN insertion based on DMN shape among various insertion deciding factors. We numerically analyzed the volumetric distribution of three types of DMN shapes: conical-shaped DMN, funnel-shaped DMN, and candlelit-shaped DMN, and introduced a new insertion evaluation criterion while covering previous insertion evaluations. Using optical coherence tomography, the images of DMNs embedded in the skin were analyzed in rea l-time, and the amount of drug delivered was analyzed at sectioned depth with a cryotome. The in vitro data confirmed that the insertion depth differed based on shape, and the resulting drug delivery depended on the volume assigned to the insertion depth. Insulin-loaded DMNs were applied to C57BL/6 mice, and the results of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic analyses supported the results of the in vitro analysis. Our approach, which considers the correlation between DMN shape and insertion depth, will contribute to establishing criteria for various DMN design and maximizing drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Su Min
- Department of Biotechnology, Building 123, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, South Korea
| | - Youseong Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Building 123, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, South Korea
| | - Jeehye Nam
- Department of Biotechnology, Building 123, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, South Korea
| | - Hyeri Ahn
- Department of Biotechnology, Building 123, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, South Korea
| | - Minkyung Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Building 123, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, South Korea
| | - Geonwoo Kang
- Juvic Inc., 272 Digital-ro, Guro-gu, Seoul 08389, South Korea
| | - Mingyu Jang
- Juvic Inc., 272 Digital-ro, Guro-gu, Seoul 08389, South Korea
| | - Huisuk Yang
- Juvic Inc., 272 Digital-ro, Guro-gu, Seoul 08389, South Korea
| | - Hyungil Jung
- Department of Biotechnology, Building 123, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, South Korea; Juvic Inc., 272 Digital-ro, Guro-gu, Seoul 08389, South Korea.
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Terutsuki D, Segawa R, Kusama S, Abe H, Nishizawa M. Frustoconical porous microneedle for electroosmotic transdermal drug delivery. J Control Release 2023; 354:694-700. [PMID: 36693528 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.01.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
A truncated cone-shaped porous microneedle (PMN) made of poly-glycidyl methacrylate was studied as a minimally invasive tool for transdermal drug delivery. The transdermal electrical resistance of a pig skin was evaluated during the indentation of the PMNs, revealing that the frustoconical PMN (300 μm height) significantly reduced the resistance of the skin by expanding the stratum corneum without penetrating into the skin. A thin film of poly (2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid) (PAMPS) was grafted onto the inner wall of the microchannels of the frustoconical PMN to generate electroosmotic flow (EOF) upon current application in the direction of injection of the drug into the skin. Owing to the synergy of the expansion of the stratum corneum and the EOF-promotion, the PAMPS-modified frustoconical PMN effectively enhances the penetration of larger (over 500 Da) molecules, such as dextran (∼10 kDa).
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Affiliation(s)
- Daigo Terutsuki
- Department of Finemechanics, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-01 Aramaki-aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Reiji Segawa
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-04 Aramaki Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Shinya Kusama
- Department of Finemechanics, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-01 Aramaki-aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Hiroya Abe
- Department of Finemechanics, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-01 Aramaki-aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Matsuhiko Nishizawa
- Department of Finemechanics, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-01 Aramaki-aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-04 Aramaki Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan; Division for the Establishment of Frontier Sciences of the Organization for Advanced Studies, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan.
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43
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Pillai MM, Ajesh S, Tayalia P. Two-photon polymerization based reusable master template to fabricate polymer microneedles for drug delivery. MethodsX 2023; 10:102025. [PMID: 36793674 PMCID: PMC9922965 DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2023.102025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Microneedle patches have been widely used in a minimally invasive manner for various drug delivery applications. However, for developing these microneedle patches, master molds are required, which are generally made of metal and are very expensive. Two-photon polymerization (2PP) technique can be used for fabricating microneedles more precisely and at a much lower cost. This study reports a novel strategy for developing microneedle master templates using the 2PP method. The main advantage of this technique is that there is no requirement for post-processing after laser writing, and that for the fabrication of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) molds, harsh chemical treatments such as silanization are not required. This is a one-step process for manufacturing of microneedle templates which allows easy replication of negative PDMS molds. This is done by adding resin to the master-template and annealing at a specific temperature, thereby making the PDMS peel-off easy and allowing re-use of the master template multiple times. Using this PDMS mold, two types of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-rhodamine (RD) microneedle patches were developed, namely, dissolving (D-PVA) and hydrogel (H-PVA) patches and were characterized using suitable techniques. This technique is affordable, efficient and does not require post-processing for development of microneedle templates required for drug delivery applications.•Two photon polymerization can be used for cost-effective fabrication of polymer microneedles for transdermal drug delivery.•Post-processing or surface-modification procedures are not required for these master templates.•Using a simple annealing step, the master template becomes reusable and robust for peeling off polymers like PDMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamatha M. Pillai
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, India
| | - Saranya Ajesh
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, India
| | - Prakriti Tayalia
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, India
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44
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3D printing fabrication process for fine control of microneedle shape. MICRO AND NANO SYSTEMS LETTERS 2023. [DOI: 10.1186/s40486-022-00165-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
AbstractMicroneedle electrode (ME) is used to monitor bioelectrical signals by penetrating via the skin, and it compensates for a limitation of surface electrodes. However, existing fabrication of ME have limited in controlling the shape of microneedles, which is directly relevant to the performance and durability of microneedles as an electrode. In this study, a novel method using 3D printing is developed to control needle bevel angles. By controlling the angle of printing direction, needle bevel angles are changed. Various angles of printing direction (0–90°) are investigated to fabricate moldings, and those moldings are used for microneedle fabrications using biocompatible polyimide (PI). The height implementation rate and aspect ratio are also investigated to optimize PI microneedles. The penetration test of the fabricated microneedles is conducted in porcine skin. The PI microneedle of 1000 μm fabricated by the printing angle of 40° showed the bevel angle of 54.5°, which can penetrate the porcine skin. The result demonstrates that this suggested fabrication can be applied using various polymeric materials to optimize microneedle shape.
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45
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Sargioti N, Levingstone TJ, O’Cearbhaill ED, McCarthy HO, Dunne NJ. Metallic Microneedles for Transdermal Drug Delivery: Applications, Fabrication Techniques and the Effect of Geometrical Characteristics. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 10:24. [PMID: 36671595 PMCID: PMC9855189 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10010024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Current procedures for transdermal drug delivery (TDD) have associated limitations including poor administration of nucleic acid, small or large drug molecules, pain and stress for needle phobic people. A painless micro-sized device capable of delivering drugs easily and efficiently, eliminating the disadvantages of traditional systems, has yet to be developed. While polymeric-based microneedle (MN) arrays have been used successfully and clinically as TDD systems, these devices lack mechanical integrity, piercing capacity and the ability to achieve tailored drug release into the systemic circulation. Recent advances in micro/nano fabrication techniques using Additive Manufacturing (AM), also known as 3D printing, have enabled the fabrication of metallic MN arrays, which offer the potential to overcome the limitations of existing systems. This review summarizes the different types of MNs used in TDD and their mode of drug delivery. The application of MNs in the treatment of a range of diseases including diabetes and cancer is discussed. The potential role of solid metallic MNs in TDD, the various techniques used for their fabrication, and the influence of their geometrical characteristics (e.g., shape, size, base diameter, thickness, and tip sharpness) on effective TDD are explored. Finally, the potential and the future directions relating to the optimization of metallic MN arrays for TDD are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikoletta Sargioti
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University, Collins Avenue, D09 Y074 Dublin, Ireland
- Centre for Medical Engineering Research, School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University, Stokes Building, Collins Avenue, D09 Y074 Dublin, Ireland
- UCD Centre for Biomedical Engineering, School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University College Dublin, D04 R7R0 Dublin, Ireland
- Advanced Manufacturing Research Centre (I-Form), School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University, D09 Y074 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Tanya J. Levingstone
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University, Collins Avenue, D09 Y074 Dublin, Ireland
- Centre for Medical Engineering Research, School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University, Stokes Building, Collins Avenue, D09 Y074 Dublin, Ireland
- Advanced Manufacturing Research Centre (I-Form), School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University, D09 Y074 Dublin, Ireland
- Advanced Processing Technology Research Centre, Dublin City University, D09 Y074 Dublin, Ireland
- Biodesign Europe, Dublin City University, D09 Y074 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Eoin D. O’Cearbhaill
- UCD Centre for Biomedical Engineering, School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University College Dublin, D04 R7R0 Dublin, Ireland
- Advanced Manufacturing Research Centre (I-Form), School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University, D09 Y074 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Helen O. McCarthy
- Advanced Manufacturing Research Centre (I-Form), School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University, D09 Y074 Dublin, Ireland
- School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
- School of Chemical Science, Dublin City University, D09 Y074 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Nicholas J. Dunne
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University, Collins Avenue, D09 Y074 Dublin, Ireland
- Centre for Medical Engineering Research, School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University, Stokes Building, Collins Avenue, D09 Y074 Dublin, Ireland
- Advanced Manufacturing Research Centre (I-Form), School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University, D09 Y074 Dublin, Ireland
- Advanced Processing Technology Research Centre, Dublin City University, D09 Y074 Dublin, Ireland
- Biodesign Europe, Dublin City University, D09 Y074 Dublin, Ireland
- School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
- School of Chemical Science, Dublin City University, D09 Y074 Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland
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46
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Tan JY, Li Y, Chamani F, Tharzeen A, Prakash P, Natarajan B, Sheth RA, Park WM, Kim A, Yoon D, Kim J. Experimental Validation of Diffraction Lithography for Fabrication of Solid Microneedles. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:8934. [PMID: 36556744 PMCID: PMC9787912 DOI: 10.3390/ma15248934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Microneedles are highly sought after for medicinal and cosmetic applications. However, the current manufacturing process for microneedles remains complicated, hindering its applicability to a broader variety of applications. As diffraction lithography has been recently reported as a simple method for fabricating solid microneedles, this paper presents the experimental validation of the use of ultraviolet light diffraction to control the liquid-to-solid transition of photosensitive resin to define the microneedle shape. The shapes of the resultant microneedles were investigated utilizing the primary experimental parameters including the photopattern size, ultraviolet light intensity, and the exposure time. Our fabrication results indicated that the fabricated microneedles became taller and larger in general when the experimental parameters were increased. Additionally, our investigation revealed four unique crosslinked resin morphologies during the first growth of the microneedle: microlens, first harmonic, first bell-tip, and second harmonic shapes. Additionally, by tilting the light exposure direction, a novel inclined microneedle array was fabricated for the first time. The fabricated microneedles were characterized with skin insertion and force-displacement tests. This experimental study enables the shapes and mechanical properties of the microneedles to be predicted in advance for mass production and wide practical use for biomedical or cosmetic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ying Tan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76207, USA
| | - Yuankai Li
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Faraz Chamani
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Aabila Tharzeen
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Punit Prakash
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Balasubramaniam Natarajan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Rahul A. Sheth
- Department of Interventional Radiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Won Min Park
- Tim Taylor Department of Chemical Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Albert Kim
- Department of Medical Engineering, The University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | - Donghoon Yoon
- College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Science, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Jungkwun Kim
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76207, USA
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47
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Villota I, Calvo PC, Campo OI, Villarreal-Gómez LJ, Fonthal F. Manufacturing of a Transdermal Patch in 3D Printing. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:2190. [PMID: 36557487 PMCID: PMC9783581 DOI: 10.3390/mi13122190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is an endocrine disorder that affects glucose metabolism, making the body unable to effectively use the insulin it produces. Transdermal drug delivery (TDD) has attracted strong interest from researchers, as it allows minimally invasive and painless insulin administration, showing advantages over conventional delivery methods. Systems composed of microneedles (MNs) assembled in a transdermal patch provide a unique route of administration, which is innovative with promising results. This paper presents the design of a transdermal patch composed of 25 microneedles manufactured with 3D printing by stereolithography with a class 1 biocompatible resin and a printing angle of 0°. Finite element analysis with ANSYS software is used to obtain the mechanical behavior of the microneedle (MN). The values obtained through the analysis were: a Von Misses stress of 18.057 MPa, a maximum deformation of 2.179×10-3, and a safety factor of 4. Following this, through a flow simulation, we find that a pressure of 1.084 Pa and a fluid velocity of 4.800 ms were necessary to ensure a volumetric flow magnitude of 4.447×10-5cm3s. Furthermore, the parameters found in this work are of great importance for the future implementation of a transdermal drug delivery device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Villota
- Biomedical Engineering Research Group—GBIO, Universidad Autónoma de Occidente, Cali 760030, Colombia
| | - Paulo César Calvo
- Biomedical Engineering Research Group—GBIO, Universidad Autónoma de Occidente, Cali 760030, Colombia
| | - Oscar Iván Campo
- Biomedical Engineering Research Group—GBIO, Universidad Autónoma de Occidente, Cali 760030, Colombia
| | - Luis Jesús Villarreal-Gómez
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Ingeniería y Tecnología, Universidad Autónoma de baja California, Tijuana 21500, Baja California, Mexico
| | - Faruk Fonthal
- Science and Engineering of Materials Research Group-GCIM, Universidad Autónoma de Occidente, Cali 760030, Colombia
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48
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Olowe M, Parupelli SK, Desai S. A Review of 3D-Printing of Microneedles. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:2693. [PMID: 36559187 PMCID: PMC9786808 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14122693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Microneedles are micron-sized devices that are used for the transdermal administration of a wide range of active pharmaceutics substances with minimally invasive pain. In the past decade, various additive manufacturing technologies have been used for the fabrication of microneedles; however, they have limitations due to material compatibility and bioavailability and are time-consuming and expensive processes. Additive manufacturing (AM), which is popularly known as 3D-printing, is an innovative technology that builds three-dimensional solid objects (3D). This article provides a comprehensive review of the different 3D-printing technologies that have the potential to revolutionize the manufacturing of microneedles. The application of 3D-printed microneedles in various fields, such as drug delivery, vaccine delivery, cosmetics, therapy, tissue engineering, and diagnostics, are presented. This review also enumerates the challenges that are posed by the 3D-printing technologies, including the manufacturing cost, which limits its viability for large-scale production, the compatibility of the microneedle-based materials with human cells, and concerns around the efficient administration of large dosages of loaded microneedles. Furthermore, the optimization of microneedle design parameters and features for the best printing outcomes is of paramount interest. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulatory guidelines relating to the safe use of microneedle devices are outlined. Finally, this review delineates the implementation of futuristic technologies, such as artificial intelligence algorithms, for 3D-printed microneedles and 4D-printing capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Olowe
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA
- Center of Excellence in Product Design and Advanced Manufacturing, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA
| | - Santosh Kumar Parupelli
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA
- Center of Excellence in Product Design and Advanced Manufacturing, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA
| | - Salil Desai
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA
- Center of Excellence in Product Design and Advanced Manufacturing, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA
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49
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Müller M, Cascales JP, Marks HL, Wang-Evers M, Manstein D, Evans CL. Phosphorescent Microneedle Array for the Measurement of Oxygen Partial Pressure in Tissue. ACS Sens 2022; 7:3440-3449. [PMID: 36305608 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c01775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The knowledge of the exact oxygen partial pressure in tissue is crucial for patient care and in the treatment of ischemic medical conditions. However, current methods to assess oxygen partial pressure in tissue suffer from a variety of disadvantages, including complex equipment and procedures that necessitate trained personnel. Additionally, the barrier function of the stratum corneum reduces oxygen exchange and can consequently hamper surface measurements of rapidly changing oxygen partial pressure in tissue. To overcome these challenges, a novel, easy-to-use technique to monitor the oxygen partial pressure in tissue using microneedle arrays (MNAs) has been developed. The MNAs can be made from poly(ethyl methacrylate) and poly(propyl methacrylate) and overcome the skin's barrier function to measure oxygen in the capillary bed and interstitial fluid of the skin. The MNAs' tips are embedded with an oxygen-sensitive phosphorescent metalloporphyrin, where the oxygen partial pressure inversely correlates to changes in both emission intensity and phosphorescence lifetime of the in-house developed red emitting Pt-core porphyrin. It was demonstrated that the oxygen-sensing MNAs are sufficiently robust to puncture human skin via rupture of the stratum corneum, and that the MNAs can detect changes in oxygen partial pressure in skin within the physiologically relevant range (0-160 mmHg). Additionally, the MNAs can be combined with a wearable wireless optical readout system, making these oxygen-sensing MNAs a novel wearable and portable method for user-friendly monitoring of oxygen partial pressure in skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Müller
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts02129, United States
| | - Juan Pedro Cascales
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts02129, United States
| | - Haley L Marks
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts02129, United States
| | - Michael Wang-Evers
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts02129, United States
| | - Dieter Manstein
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts02129, United States
| | - Conor L Evans
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts02129, United States
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50
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Mbituyimana B, Ma G, Shi Z, Yang G. Polymeric microneedles for enhanced drug delivery in cancer therapy. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2022; 142:213151. [PMID: 36244246 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.213151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Microneedles (MNs) have attracted the interest of researchers. Polymeric MNs offer tremendous promise as drug delivery vehicles for bio-applications because of their high loading capacity, strong patient adherence, excellent biodegradability and biocompatibility, low toxicity, and extremely cheap cost. Incorporating enhanced-property nanomaterials into polymeric MNs matrix increases their features such as better mechanical strength, sustained drug delivery, lower toxicity, and higher therapeutic effects, therefore considerably increasing their biomedical application. This paper discusses polymeric MN fabrication techniques and the present status of polymeric MNs as a delivery method for enhanced drug delivery in cancer therapeutic applications. Furthermore, the opportunities and challenges of polymeric MNs for improved drug delivery in cancer therapy are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bricard Mbituyimana
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Guangrui Ma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Zhijun Shi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Guang Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
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