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Puigròs M, Calderon A, Martín-Ruiz D, Serradell M, Fernández M, Muñoz-Lopetegi A, Mayà G, Santamaria J, Gaig C, Colell A, Tolosa E, Iranzo A, Trullas R. Mitochondrial DNA deletions in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with idiopathic REM sleep behaviour disorder. EBioMedicine 2024; 102:105065. [PMID: 38502973 PMCID: PMC10963194 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2024.105065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Idiopathic rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behaviour disorder (IRBD) represents the prodromal stage of Lewy body disorders (Parkinson's disease (PD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB)) which are linked to variations in circulating cell-free mitochondrial DNA (cf-mtDNA). Here, we assessed whether altered cf-mtDNA release and integrity are already present in IRBD. METHODS We used multiplex digital PCR (dPCR) to quantify cf-mtDNA copies and deletion ratio in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum in a cohort of 71 participants, including 1) 17 patients with IRBD who remained disease-free (non-converters), 2) 34 patients initially diagnosed with IRBD who later developed either PD or DLB (converters), and 3) 20 age-matched controls without IRBD or Parkinsonism. In addition, we investigated whether CD9-positive extracellular vesicles (CD9-EVs) from CSF and serum samples contained cf-mtDNA. FINDINGS Patients with IRBD, both converters and non-converters, exhibited more cf-mtDNA with deletions in the CSF than controls. This finding was confirmed in CD9-EVs. The high levels of deleted cf-mtDNA in CSF corresponded to a significant decrease in cf-mtDNA copies in CD9-EVs in both IRBD non-converters and converters. Conversely, a significant increase in cf-mtDNA copies was found in serum and CD9-EVs from the serum of patients with IRBD who later converted to a Lewy body disorder. INTERPRETATION Alterations in cf-mtDNA copy number and deletion ratio known to occur in Lewy body disorders are already present in IRBD and are not a consequence of Lewy body disease conversion. This suggests that mtDNA dysfunction is a primary molecular mechanism of the pathophysiological cascade that precedes the full clinical motor and cognitive manifestation of Lewy body disorders. FUNDING Funded by Michael J. Fox Foundation research grant MJFF-001111. Funded by MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 "ERDF A way of making Europe", grants PID2020-115091RB-I00 (RT) and PID2022-143279OB-I00 (ACo). Funded by Instituto de Salud Carlos III and European Union NextGenerationEU/PRTR, grant PMP22/00100 (RT and ACo). Funded by AGAUR/Generalitat de Catalunya, grant SGR00490 (RT and ACo). MP has an FPI fellowship, PRE2018-083297, funded by MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 "ESF Investing in your future".
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Affiliation(s)
- Margalida Puigròs
- Neurobiology Unit, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IIBB-CSIC), 08036, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036, Barcelona, Spain; Neurophysiology Laboratory, School of Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Casanova 143, 08036, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Anna Calderon
- Neurobiology Unit, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IIBB-CSIC), 08036, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Martín-Ruiz
- Neurobiology Unit, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IIBB-CSIC), 08036, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mònica Serradell
- Sleep Disorders Center, Neurology Service, Institut Clínic de Neurociències, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona, 08036, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manel Fernández
- Parkinson's disease and Movement Disorders Unit, Institut Clínic de Neurociències, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona, 08036, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Amaia Muñoz-Lopetegi
- Sleep Disorders Center, Neurology Service, Institut Clínic de Neurociències, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona, 08036, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gerard Mayà
- Sleep Disorders Center, Neurology Service, Institut Clínic de Neurociències, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona, 08036, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Joan Santamaria
- Sleep Disorders Center, Neurology Service, Institut Clínic de Neurociències, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona, 08036, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carles Gaig
- Sleep Disorders Center, Neurology Service, Institut Clínic de Neurociències, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona, 08036, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Anna Colell
- Neurobiology Unit, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IIBB-CSIC), 08036, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduard Tolosa
- Parkinson's disease and Movement Disorders Unit, Institut Clínic de Neurociències, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona, 08036, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alex Iranzo
- Sleep Disorders Center, Neurology Service, Institut Clínic de Neurociències, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona, 08036, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Ramon Trullas
- Neurobiology Unit, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IIBB-CSIC), 08036, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
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Tripathi K, Ben-Shachar D. Mitochondria in the Central Nervous System in Health and Disease: The Puzzle of the Therapeutic Potential of Mitochondrial Transplantation. Cells 2024; 13:410. [PMID: 38474374 DOI: 10.3390/cells13050410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria, the energy suppliers of the cells, play a central role in a variety of cellular processes essential for survival or leading to cell death. Consequently, mitochondrial dysfunction is implicated in numerous general and CNS disorders. The clinical manifestations of mitochondrial dysfunction include metabolic disorders, dysfunction of the immune system, tumorigenesis, and neuronal and behavioral abnormalities. In this review, we focus on the mitochondrial role in the CNS, which has unique characteristics and is therefore highly dependent on the mitochondria. First, we review the role of mitochondria in neuronal development, synaptogenesis, plasticity, and behavior as well as their adaptation to the intricate connections between the different cell types in the brain. Then, we review the sparse knowledge of the mechanisms of exogenous mitochondrial uptake and describe attempts to determine their half-life and transplantation long-term effects on neuronal sprouting, cellular proteome, and behavior. We further discuss the potential of mitochondrial transplantation to serve as a tool to study the causal link between mitochondria and neuronal activity and behavior. Next, we describe mitochondrial transplantation's therapeutic potential in various CNS disorders. Finally, we discuss the basic and reverse-translation challenges of this approach that currently hinder the clinical use of mitochondrial transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuldeep Tripathi
- Laboratory of Psychobiology, Department of Neuroscience, The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, P.O. Box 9649, Haifa 31096, Israel
| | - Dorit Ben-Shachar
- Laboratory of Psychobiology, Department of Neuroscience, The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, P.O. Box 9649, Haifa 31096, Israel
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Bicknell B, Liebert A, Herkes G. Parkinson's Disease and Photobiomodulation: Potential for Treatment. J Pers Med 2024; 14:112. [PMID: 38276234 PMCID: PMC10819946 DOI: 10.3390/jpm14010112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disease and is increasing in incidence. The combination of motor and non-motor symptoms makes this a devastating disease for people with Parkinson's disease and their care givers. Parkinson's disease is characterised by mitochondrial dysfunction and neuronal death in the substantia nigra, a reduction in dopamine, accumulation of α-synuclein aggregates and neuroinflammation. The microbiome-gut-brain axis is also important in Parkinson's disease, involved in the spread of inflammation and aggregated α-synuclein. The mainstay of Parkinson's disease treatment is dopamine replacement therapy, which can reduce some of the motor signs. There is a need for additional treatment options to supplement available medications. Photobiomodulation (PBM) is a form of light therapy that has been shown to have multiple clinical benefits due to its enhancement of the mitochondrial electron transport chain and the subsequent increase in mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP production. PBM also modulates cellular signalling and has been shown to reduce inflammation. Clinically, PBM has been used for decades to improve wound healing, treat pain, reduce swelling and heal deep tissues. Pre-clinical experiments have indicated that PBM has the potential to improve the clinical signs of Parkinson's disease and to provide neuroprotection. This effect is seen whether the PBM is directed to the head of the animal or to other parts of the body (remotely). A small number of clinical trials has given weight to the possibility that using PBM can improve both motor and non-motor clinical signs and symptoms of Parkinson's disease and may potentially slow its progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Bicknell
- NICM Health Research Institute, University of Western Sydney, Westmead 2145, Australia;
| | - Ann Liebert
- NICM Health Research Institute, University of Western Sydney, Westmead 2145, Australia;
- Sydney Adventist Hospital, Wahroonga 2076, Australia
- Faculty of medicine and Health, Sydney University, Camperdown 2050, Australia
| | - Geoffrey Herkes
- Neurologist, Sydney Adventist Hospital, Wahroonga 2076, Australia;
- College of Health and Medicine, Australian National University, Canberra 2600, Australia
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Hao X, Li H, Li Q, Gao D, Wang X, Wu C, Wang Q, Zhu M. Dietary vitamin E intake and risk of Parkinson's disease: a cross-sectional study. Front Nutr 2024; 10:1289238. [PMID: 38249609 PMCID: PMC10799344 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1289238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Current evidence on the association between dietary vitamin E intake and the risk of Parkinson's disease (PD) is limited. The aim of the study was to explore the association of dietary vitamin E intake with PD in the United States among adults over 40 years. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study with data collected from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2009 to 2018. A total of the sample of 13,340 participants were included. To identify the different characteristics of the participants, we utilized propensity score matching (PSM) to reduce the effects of selection bias and confounding variables. Weighted univariate and multivariable logistic regression were used to examine the association between dietary vitamin E intake and PD before and after matching. Then, restricted cubic spline (RCS) was used to visually describe the possible non-linear relationships. Finally, we employed the subgroup analysis to further investigate the relationship between dietary vitamin E intake and PD. Results According to the weighted univariate and multivariable logistic regression analysis, vitamin E intake was inversely associated with the risk of PD before and after matching. The results of RCS analysis revealed no non-linear inverse relationship between vitamin E intake and PD before and after matching. The subgroup analysis showed that age may influence the negative association between vitamin E and PD (P < 0.05 for interaction). Conclusion Among participants over 40 years of age, vitamin E intake was negatively associated with the risk of PD. Our data may support the supplementation of vitamin E to be used as an intervention strategy for the occurrence of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqian Hao
- Shenzhen Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Haiyan Li
- The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Qinglian Li
- Shenzhen Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Da Gao
- Shenzhen Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoling Wang
- Shenzhen Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Chunxiao Wu
- Shenzhen Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Qizhang Wang
- Shenzhen Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Meiling Zhu
- Shenzhen Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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Mandatori S, Liu Y, Marturia-Navarro J, Hadi M, Henriksen K, Zheng J, Rasmussen LM, Rizza S, Kaestner KH, Issazadeh-Navikas S. PRKAG2.2 is essential for FoxA1 + regulatory T cell differentiation and metabolic rewiring distinct from FoxP3 + regulatory T cells. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadj8442. [PMID: 38117896 PMCID: PMC10732530 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adj8442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
Forkhead box A1 (FoxA1)+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) exhibit distinct characteristics from FoxP3+ Tregs while equally effective in exerting anti-inflammatory properties. The role of FoxP3+ Tregs in vivo has been challenged, motivating a better understanding of other Tregs in modulating hyperactive immune responses. FoxA1+ Tregs are generated on activation of the transcription factor FoxA1 by interferon-β (IFNβ), an anti-inflammatory cytokine. T cell activation, expansion, and function hinge on metabolic adaptability. We demonstrated that IFNβ promotes a metabolic rearrangement of FoxA1+ Tregs by enhancing oxidative phosphorylation and mitochondria clearance by mitophagy. In response to IFNβ, FoxA1 induces a specific transcription variant of adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) γ2 subunit, PRKAG2.2. This leads to the activation of AMPK signaling, thereby enhancing mitochondrial respiration and mitophagy by ULK1-BNIP3. This IFNβ-FoxA1-PRKAG2.2-BNIP3 axis is pivotal for their suppressive function. The involvement of PRKAG2.2 in FoxA1+ Treg, not FoxP3+ Treg differentiation, underscores the metabolic differences between Treg populations and suggests potential therapeutic targets for autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Mandatori
- Neuroinflammation Unit, Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Yawei Liu
- Neuroinflammation Unit, Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Joana Marturia-Navarro
- Neuroinflammation Unit, Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mahdieh Hadi
- Neuroinflammation Unit, Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kristine Henriksen
- Neuroinflammation Unit, Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jin Zheng
- Neuroinflammation Unit, Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Louise Munk Rasmussen
- Neuroinflammation Unit, Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Salvatore Rizza
- Redox Biology Group, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Klaus H. Kaestner
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Shohreh Issazadeh-Navikas
- Neuroinflammation Unit, Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Lira Chavez FM, Gartzke LP, van Beuningen FE, Wink SE, Henning RH, Krenning G, Bouma HR. Restoring the infected powerhouse: Mitochondrial quality control in sepsis. Redox Biol 2023; 68:102968. [PMID: 38039825 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a dysregulated host response to an infection, characterized by organ failure. The pathophysiology is complex and incompletely understood, but mitochondria appear to play a key role in the cascade of events that culminate in multiple organ failure and potentially death. In shaping immune responses, mitochondria fulfil dual roles: they not only supply energy and metabolic intermediates crucial for immune cell activation and function but also influence inflammatory and cell death pathways. Importantly, mitochondrial dysfunction has a dual impact, compromising both immune system efficiency and the metabolic stability of end organs. Dysfunctional mitochondria contribute to the development of a hyperinflammatory state and loss of cellular homeostasis, resulting in poor clinical outcomes. Already in early sepsis, signs of mitochondrial dysfunction are apparent and consequently, strategies to optimize mitochondrial function in sepsis should not only prevent the occurrence of mitochondrial dysfunction, but also cover the repair of the sustained mitochondrial damage. Here, we discuss mitochondrial quality control (mtQC) in the pathogenesis of sepsis and exemplify how mtQC could serve as therapeutic target to overcome mitochondrial dysfunction. Hence, replacing or repairing dysfunctional mitochondria may contribute to the recovery of organ function in sepsis. Mitochondrial biogenesis is a process that results in the formation of new mitochondria and is critical for maintaining a pool of healthy mitochondria. However, exacerbated biogenesis during early sepsis can result in accumulation of structurally aberrant mitochondria that fail to restore bioenergetics, produce excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) and exacerbate the disease course. Conversely, enhancing mitophagy can protect against organ damage by limiting the release of mitochondrial-derived damage-associated molecules (DAMPs). Furthermore, promoting mitophagy may facilitate the growth of healthy mitochondria by blocking the replication of damaged mitochondria and allow for post sepsis organ recovery through enabling mitophagy-coupled biogenesis. The remaining healthy mitochondria may provide an undamaged scaffold to reproduce functional mitochondria. However, the kinetics of mtQC in sepsis, specifically mitophagy, and the optimal timing for intervention remain poorly understood. This review emphasizes the importance of integrating mitophagy induction with mtQC mechanisms to prevent undesired effects associated with solely the induction of mitochondrial biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- F M Lira Chavez
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713, GZ Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - L P Gartzke
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713, GZ Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - F E van Beuningen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713, GZ Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - S E Wink
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713, GZ Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - R H Henning
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713, GZ Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - G Krenning
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713, GZ Groningen, the Netherlands; Sulfateq B.V, Admiraal de Ruyterlaan 5, 9726, GN Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - H R Bouma
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713, GZ Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713, GZ Groningen, the Netherlands
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Choong CJ, Mochizuki H. Involvement of Mitochondria in Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17027. [PMID: 38069350 PMCID: PMC10707101 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242317027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysregulation, such as mitochondrial complex I deficiency, increased oxidative stress, perturbation of mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagy, has long been implicated in the pathogenesis of PD. Initiating from the observation that mitochondrial toxins cause PD-like symptoms and mitochondrial DNA mutations are associated with increased risk of PD, many mutated genes linked to familial forms of PD, including PRKN, PINK1, DJ-1 and SNCA, have also been found to affect the mitochondrial features. Recent research has uncovered a much more complex involvement of mitochondria in PD. Disruption of mitochondrial quality control coupled with abnormal secretion of mitochondrial contents to dispose damaged organelles may play a role in the pathogenesis of PD. Furthermore, due to its bacterial ancestry, circulating mitochondrial DNAs can function as damage-associated molecular patterns eliciting inflammatory response. In this review, we summarize and discuss the connection between mitochondrial dysfunction and PD, highlighting the molecular triggers of the disease process, the intra- and extracellular roles of mitochondria in PD as well as the therapeutic potential of mitochondrial transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hideki Mochizuki
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan;
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Wood H. PD pathology spread linked to mtDNA damage. Nat Rev Neurol 2023; 19:638. [PMID: 37813953 DOI: 10.1038/s41582-023-00889-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
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