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Yu J, Fu R, Buhe A, Xu B. Quercetin attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced hepatic inflammation by modulating autophagy and necroptosis. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103719. [PMID: 38603936 PMCID: PMC11017357 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Gram-negative bacteria initially induces liver inflammation with proinflammatory cytokines expressions. However, the underlying hepatoprotective mechanism of quercetin on LPS-induced hepatic inflammation remains unclear. Specific pathogen-free chicken embryos (n = 120) were allocated control vehicle, PBS with or without ethanol vehicle, LPS (125 ng/egg) with or without quercetin treatment (10, 20, or 40 nmol/egg, respectively), quercetin groups (10, 20, or 40 nmol/egg). Fifteen-day-old embryonated eggs were inoculated abovementioned solutions via the allantoic cavity. At embryonic d 19, the livers of the embryos were collected for histopathological examination, RNA extraction, real-time polymerase chain reaction, and immunohistochemistry investigation. We found that the liver presented inflammatory response (heterophils infiltration) after LPS induction. The LPS-induced mRNA expressions of inflammation-related factors (TLR4, TNFα, IL-1β, IL-10, IL-6, MYD88, NF-κB1, p38, and MMP3) were upregulated after LPS induction when compared with the PBS group, while quercetin could downregulate these expressions as compared with the LPS group. Quercetin significantly decreased the immunopositivity to TLR4 and MMP3 in the treatment group when compared with the LPS group. Quercetin could significantly downregulate the mRNA expressions of autophagy-related genes (ATG5, ATG7, Beclin-1, LC3A, and LC3B) and necroptosis-related genes (Fas, Bcl-2, Drp1, and RIPK1) after LPS induction. Quercetin significantly decreased the immunopositivity to LC3 in the treatment group when compared with the LPS group; meanwhile, quercetin significantly decreased the protein expressions of LC3-I, LC3-II, and the rate of LC3-II/LC3-I. In conclusions, quercetin can alleviate hepatic inflammation induced by LPS through modulating autophagy and necroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhai Yu
- Camellia Research Institute, The Innovation Institute of Agricultural Technology, Department of Life Science, Shangrao Normal University, Shangrao 334001, China.
| | - Rong Fu
- Department of Literature and Media, Shangrao Normal University, Shangrao 334001, China
| | - Amin Buhe
- Department of Cancer Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital Affiliated with Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Bing Xu
- Camellia Research Institute, The Innovation Institute of Agricultural Technology, Department of Life Science, Shangrao Normal University, Shangrao 334001, China
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Terasaki A, Ahmed F, Okuno A, Peng Z, Cao DY, Saito S. Neutrophils Expressing Programmed Death-Ligand 1 Play an Indispensable Role in Effective Bacterial Elimination and Resolving Inflammation in Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infection. Pathogens 2024; 13:401. [PMID: 38787253 PMCID: PMC11124513 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13050401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) is a co-inhibitory molecule expressed on the surface of various cell types and known for its suppressive effect on T cells through its interaction with PD-1. Neutrophils also express PD-L1, and its expression is elevated in specific situations; however, the immunobiological role of PD-L1+ neutrophils has not been fully characterized. Here, we report that PD-L1-expressing neutrophils increased in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection are highly functional in bacterial elimination and supporting inflammatory resolution. The frequency of PD-L1+ neutrophils was dramatically increased in MRSA-infected mice, and this population exhibited enhanced activity in bacterial elimination compared to PD-L1- neutrophils. The administration of PD-L1 monoclonal antibody did not impair PD-L1+ neutrophil function, suggesting that PD-L1 expression itself does not influence neutrophil activity. However, PD-1/PD-L1 blockade significantly delayed liver inflammation resolution in MRSA-infected mice, as indicated by their increased plasma alanine transaminase (ALT) levels and frequencies of inflammatory leukocytes in the liver, implying that neutrophil PD-L1 suppresses the inflammatory response of these cells during the acute phase of MRSA infection. Our results reveal that elevated PD-L1 expression can be a marker for the enhanced anti-bacterial function of neutrophils. Moreover, PD-L1+ neutrophils are an indispensable population attenuating inflammatory leukocyte activities, assisting in a smooth transition into the resolution phase in MRSA infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azusa Terasaki
- Department of Breast-Thyroid-Endocrine Surgery, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058577, Japan;
| | - Faizan Ahmed
- Division of Gastroenterology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA;
| | - Alato Okuno
- Department of Health and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Design, Shibata Gakuen University, Aomori 0368530, Japan;
| | - Zhenzi Peng
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China;
| | - Duo-Yao Cao
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Suguru Saito
- Division of Virology, Department of Infection and Immunity, Faculty of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi 3290431, Japan
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Chen Z, Su Y, Ding J, He J, Lai L, Song Y. Lobetyolin protects mice against LPS-induced sepsis by downregulating the production of inflammatory cytokines in macrophage. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1405163. [PMID: 38799158 PMCID: PMC11116692 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1405163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Sepsis is a clinical syndrome characterized by dysregulation of the host immune response due to infection, resulting in life-threatening organ damage. Despite active promotion and implementation of early preventative measures and bundle treatments, sepsis continues to exhibit high morbidity and mortality rates with no optimal pharmacological intervention available. Lobetyolin (LBT), the crucial component of polyacetylenes found in Codonopsis pilosula, has been scientifically proven to possess potent antioxidant and antitumor properties. However, its therapeutic potential for sepsis remains unknown. Methods: The mice received pretreatment with intraperitoneal injections of LBT, followed by injection with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to induce sepsis. Peripheral blood samples were collected to detect TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 levels. The survival status of different groups was recorded at various time intervals. RNA-Seq was utilized for the analysis of gene expression in peritoneal macrophages treated with LBT or LPS. Results: In this study, we observed a significant increase in the survival rate of mice pretreated with LBT in LPS induced sepsis mouse model. LBT demonstrated a remarkable reduction in the production of IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β in the serum, along with mitigated lung and liver tissue damage characterized by reduced inflammatory cell infiltration. Additionally, through RNA-seq analysis coupled with GO and KEGG analysis, it was revealed that LBT effectively suppressed genes associated with bacterium presence, cellular response to lipopolysaccharide stimulation, as well as cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction involving Cxcl10, Tgtp1, Gbp5, Tnf, Il1b and IRF7 specifically within macrophages. We also confirmed that LBT significantly downregulates the expression of IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β in macrophage activation induced by LPS. Discussion: Therefore, our findings demonstrated that LBT effectively inhibits the production of inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β) and mitigates sepsis induced by LPS through modulating macrophages' ability to generate these cytokines. These results suggest that LBT holds promise as a potential therapeutic agent for sepsis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonghua Chen
- Department of Emergency, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yixin Su
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingtong Ding
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jia He
- Teaching Experimental Center of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lihua Lai
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yinjing Song
- Centre of Biomedical Research, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Li K, Cui Y, Zheng X, Min C, Zhang J, Yan Z, Ji Y, Ge F, Ji H, Zhu F. Jian Gan powder ameliorates immunological liver injury in mice by modulating the gut microbiota and metabolic profiles. Eur J Med Res 2024; 29:240. [PMID: 38641655 PMCID: PMC11031866 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-024-01827-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunological liver injury (ILI) is a common liver disease associated with the microbiota-gut-liver axis. Jian Gan powder (JGP) exhibits both protective and therapeutic effects on hepatitis virus-induced ILI in the clinic. However, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. The aim of this study is to investigate the hepatoprotective effects and associated mechanisms of JGP in the context of gut microbiota, utilizing a mouse model of ILI. METHODS The mouse model was established employing Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) plus lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Following treatment with JGP (7.5, 15, or 30 g/kg), serum, liver, and fresh fecal samples were analyzed. 16S rRNA gene sequencing and untargeted metabolomics profiling were performed to assess the role of JGP on the gut microbiota and its metabolites. RESULTS JGP treatment markedly reduced serum IFN-γ, IL-6, IL-22, and hepatic p-STAT3 (phosphorylated transducer and activator of transcription-3) expression. In contrast, JGP increased the percentage of proliferating cell nuclear antigen-positive liver cells in treated mice. Fecal 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that JGP treatment restored the levels of Alloprevotella, Burkholderia-Caballeronia-Paraburkholderia, Muribaculum, Streptococcus, and Stenotrophomonas. Additionally, metabolomics analysis of fecal samples showed that JGP restored the levels of allylestrenol, eplerenone, phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) (P-20:0/0:0), sphingomyelin (SM) d27:1, soyasapogenol C, chrysin, and soyasaponin I. CONCLUSIONS JGP intervention improves ILI by restoring gut microbiota and modifying its metabolic profiles. These results provide a novel insight into the mechanism of JGP in treating ILI and the scientific basis to support its clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Li
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 100 Hongshan Road, Building 9, Nanjing, 210046, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hai'an Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Medical College of Yangzhou University, Nantong, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yadong Cui
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Zheng
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 100 Hongshan Road, Building 9, Nanjing, 210046, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunyan Min
- Suzhou Institute for Drug Control, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhanpeng Yan
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 100 Hongshan Road, Building 9, Nanjing, 210046, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Ji
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hai'an Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Medical College of Yangzhou University, Nantong, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Ge
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hai'an Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Medical College of Yangzhou University, Nantong, People's Republic of China
| | - Hualiang Ji
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Haian People's Hospital of Nantong University, 17 Zhong Ba Zhong Road, Hai'an, 226600, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Fangshi Zhu
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 100 Hongshan Road, Building 9, Nanjing, 210046, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
- Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
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Lu H. Inflammatory liver diseases and susceptibility to sepsis. Clin Sci (Lond) 2024; 138:435-487. [PMID: 38571396 DOI: 10.1042/cs20230522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Patients with inflammatory liver diseases, particularly alcohol-associated liver disease and metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), have higher incidence of infections and mortality rate due to sepsis. The current focus in the development of drugs for MAFLD is the resolution of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and prevention of progression to cirrhosis. In patients with cirrhosis or alcoholic hepatitis, sepsis is a major cause of death. As the metabolic center and a key immune tissue, liver is the guardian, modifier, and target of sepsis. Septic patients with liver dysfunction have the highest mortality rate compared with other organ dysfunctions. In addition to maintaining metabolic homeostasis, the liver produces and secretes hepatokines and acute phase proteins (APPs) essential in tissue protection, immunomodulation, and coagulation. Inflammatory liver diseases cause profound metabolic disorder and impairment of energy metabolism, liver regeneration, and production/secretion of APPs and hepatokines. Herein, the author reviews the roles of (1) disorders in the metabolism of glucose, fatty acids, ketone bodies, and amino acids as well as the clearance of ammonia and lactate in the pathogenesis of inflammatory liver diseases and sepsis; (2) cytokines/chemokines in inflammatory liver diseases and sepsis; (3) APPs and hepatokines in the protection against tissue injury and infections; and (4) major nuclear receptors/signaling pathways underlying the metabolic disorders and tissue injuries as well as the major drug targets for inflammatory liver diseases and sepsis. Approaches that focus on the liver dysfunction and regeneration will not only treat inflammatory liver diseases but also prevent the development of severe infections and sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, U.S.A
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Sun T, Xiao S, Wang M, Xie Q, Zhang L, Gong M, Zhang D, Zhou C. Reactive Oxygen Species Scavenging Nanozymes: Emerging Therapeutics for Acute Liver Injury Alleviation. Int J Nanomedicine 2023; 18:7901-7922. [PMID: 38148856 PMCID: PMC10750792 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s435544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute liver injury (AIL), a fatal clinical disease featured with a swift deterioration of hepatocyte functions in the short term, has emerged as a serious public health issues that warrants attention. However, the effectiveness of existing small molecular antioxidants and anti-inflammatory medications in alleviating AIL remains uncertain. The unique inherent structural characteristics of liver confer it a natural propensity for nanoparticle capture, which present an opportunity to exploit in the formulation of nanoscale therapeutic agents, enabling their selective accumulation in the liver and thereby facilitating targeted therapeutic interventions. Significantly increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and inflammation response have been evidenced to play crucial roles in occurrence and development of AIL. Nanozymes with ROS-scavenging capacities have demonstrated considerable promise in ROS elimination and inflammation regulation, thereby offering an appealing therapeutic instrument for the management of acute liver injury. In this review, the mechanisms of different type of ALI were summarized. In addition, we provide a comprehensive summary and review of the available ROS-scavenging nanozymes, including transition metal-based nanozymes, noble metal nanozymes, carbon-based nanozymes, and some other nanozymes. Furthermore, the challenges still need to be solved in the field of ROS-scavenging nanozymes for ALI alleviation are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Sun
- Department of Radiology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shilin Xiao
- Department of Radiology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Miaomiao Wang
- Department of Radiology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qian Xie
- Department of Radiology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mingfu Gong
- Department of Radiology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dong Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chunyu Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
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Zhang J, Wang W, Liang S, Zhou X, Rekha RS, Gudmundsson GH, Bergman P, Ai Q, Mai K, Wan M. Butyrate induces STAT3/HIF-1α/IL-22 signaling via GPCR and HDAC3 inhibition to activate autophagy in head kidney macrophages from turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 143:109214. [PMID: 37977544 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.109214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
As one of short-chain fatty acids, butyrate is an important metabolite of dietary fiber by the fermentation of gut commensals. Our recent study uncovered that butyrate promoted IL-22 production in fish macrophages to augment the host defense. In the current study, we further explored the underlying signaling pathways in butyrate-induced IL-22 production in fish macrophages. Our results showed that butyrate augmented the IL-22 expression in head kidney macrophages (HKMs) of turbot through binding to G-protein receptor 41 (GPR41) and GPR43. Moreover, histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) inhibition apparently up-regulated the butyrate-enhanced IL-22 generation, indicating HDACs were engaged in butyrate-regulated IL-22 secretion. In addition, butyrate triggered the STAT3/HIF-1α signaling to elevate the IL-22 expression in HKMs. Importantly, the evidence in vitro and in vivo was provided that butyrate activated autophagy in fish macrophages via IL-22 signaling, which contributing to the elimination of invading bacteria. In conclusion, we clarified in the current study that butyrate induced STAT3/HIF-1α/IL-22 signaling pathway via GPCR binding and HDAC3 inhibition in fish macrophages to activate autophagy that was involved in pathogen clearance in fish macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture & Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Wentao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture & Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Shufei Liang
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture & Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Xueqi Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture & Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Rokeya Sultana Rekha
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; The Immunodeficiency Unit, Infectious Disease Clinic, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gudmundur H Gudmundsson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Biomedical Center, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Peter Bergman
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; The Immunodeficiency Unit, Infectious Disease Clinic, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Qinghui Ai
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture & Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Kangsen Mai
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture & Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Min Wan
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture & Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.
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Shi P, Zhu W, Fu J, Liang A, Zheng T, Wen Z, Wu X, Peng Y, Yuan S, Wu X. Avicularin alleviates acute liver failure by regulation of the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB and Nrf2/HO-1/GPX4 pathways to reduce inflammation and ferroptosis. J Cell Mol Med 2023; 27:3326-3338. [PMID: 37644784 PMCID: PMC10623517 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute liver failure (ALF) is an inflammation-mediated hepatocyte death process associated with ferroptosis. Avicularin (AL), a Chinese herbal medicine, exerts anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects. However, the protective effect of AL and the mechanism on ALF have not been reported. Our in vivo results suggest that AL significantly alleviated lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/D-galactosamine (D-GalN)-induced hepatic pathological injury, liver enzymes, inflammatory cytokines, reactive oxygen species and iron levels and increased the antioxidant enzyme activities (malondialdehyde and glutathione). Our further in vitro experiments demonstrated that AL suppressed inflammatory response in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells via blocking the toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/myeloid differentiation protein-88 (MyD88)/nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathway. Moreover, AL attenuated ferroptosis in D-GalN-induced HepG2 cells by activating the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1)/glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) pathway. Therefore, AL can alleviate inflammatory response and ferroptosis in LPS/D-GalN-induced ALF, and its protective effects are associated with blocking TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway and activating Nrf2/HO-1/GPX4 pathway. Moreover, AL is a promising therapeutic option for ALF and should be clinically explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Shi
- Department of Infectious DiseasesThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNanchangChina
- Medical Innovation CenterThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNanchangChina
| | - Wentao Zhu
- Department of Infectious DiseasesThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNanchangChina
- Medical Innovation CenterThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNanchangChina
| | - Jiwei Fu
- Department of Infectious DiseasesThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNanchangChina
- Medical Innovation CenterThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNanchangChina
| | - An Liang
- Department of Infectious DiseasesThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNanchangChina
- Medical Innovation CenterThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNanchangChina
| | - Ting Zheng
- Department of Infectious DiseasesThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNanchangChina
| | - Zhilong Wen
- Department of Infectious DiseasesThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNanchangChina
| | - Xincheng Wu
- Department of Infectious DiseasesThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNanchangChina
| | - Yuchen Peng
- Department of Infectious DiseasesThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNanchangChina
| | - Songsong Yuan
- Department of Infectious DiseasesThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNanchangChina
| | - Xiaoping Wu
- Department of Infectious DiseasesThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNanchangChina
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Gao P, Li M, Lu J, Xiang D, Wang X, Xu Y, Zu Y, Guan X, Li G, Zhang C. IL-33 Downregulates Hepatic Carboxylesterase 1 in Acute Liver Injury via Macrophage-derived Exosomal miR-27b-3p. J Clin Transl Hepatol 2023; 11:1130-1142. [PMID: 37577217 PMCID: PMC10412689 DOI: 10.14218/jcth.2022.00144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims We previously reported that carboxylesterase 1 (CES1) expression was suppressed following liver injury. The study aimed to explore the role of interleukin (IL)-33 in liver injury and examine the mechanism by which IL-33 regulates CES1. Methods IL-33 and CES1 levels were determined in the livers of patients and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-, acetaminophen (APAP)-treated mice. We constructed IL-33 and ST2 knockout (KO) mice. ST2-enriched immune cells in livers were screened to identify the responsible cells. Macrophage-derived exosome (MDE) activity was tested by adding exosome inhibitors. Micro-RNAs (miRs) were extracted from control and IL-33-stimulated MDEs (IL-33-MDEs) and subjected miR sequencing (miR-Seq). Candidate miR was tested in vitro and in vivo and its binding of a target gene was assessed by luciferase reporter assays. Lentivirus-vector cellular transfection and transcript silencing were used to examine pathways mediating IL-33 suppression of miR-27b-3p. Results Patient liver IL-33 and CES1 expression levels were inversely correlated. CES1 downregulation in liver injury was rescued in both IL-33-deficient and ST2 KO mice. Macrophages were shown to be responsible for IL-33 effects. IL-33-MDEs reduced CES1 levels in hepatocytes. Exosomal miR-Seq and qRT-PCR demonstrated increased miR-27b-3p levels in IL-33-MDEs; miR-27b-3p was implicated in Nrf2 targeting. IL-33 inhibition of miR-27b-3p was found to be GATA3-dependent. Conclusions IL-33-ST2-GATA3 pathway signaling increases miR-27b-3p content in MDEs, which upon being internalized by hepatocytes reduce CES1 expression by inhibiting Nrf2. The elucidation of this mechanism in this study contributes to a better understanding of CES1 dysregulation in liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Gao
- Wuhan Children’s Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Min Li
- Tongji Hospital Affiliated with Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jingli Lu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Daochun Xiang
- The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ximin Wang
- Tongji Hospital Affiliated with Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yanjiao Xu
- Tongji Hospital Affiliated with Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yue Zu
- Tongji Hospital Affiliated with Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | | | - Guodong Li
- Tongji Hospital Affiliated with Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Chengliang Zhang
- Tongji Hospital Affiliated with Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Sun Y, Liu C. Application and value of hydrogen sulfide modulated autophagy in sepsis. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 122:110662. [PMID: 37473711 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis is is anabnormalhost immune responsecausedbyinfection. Antibiotics, anti-viral drugs, and vasoactive drugs have always been used in the traditional treatment of sepsis, but there are no specific and effective drugs in clinical practice. Autophagy is a highly conservative process in biological evolution, and plays an important role in maintaining intracellular homeostasis and cellular self-renewal. Autophagy can remove and degrade misfolding proteins and damaged organelles in cells, providing materials for cell repair and self-renewal. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a colorless gas that smells likerotteneggs. It is the third endogenous gas signal molecule discovered after nitric oxide and carbon monoxide and has become a research hotspot in recent years. H2S has a variety of biological functions and plays an important role in various physiological and pathological processes. Thereisgrowingevidencethat H2S can regulate autophagy. The intervention of autophagy is a promising therapeutic strategy to improve sepsis organ damage. This article reviews the organ protection of autophagy in sepsis and the role of H2S in regulating autophagy in sepsis, revealing that H2S intervention with autophagy may be a a worthy target in sepsis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Sun
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Peking University People's Hospital, China
| | - Chang Liu
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
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Liu T, Wen Z, Shao L, Cui Y, Tang X, Miao H, Shi J, Jiang L, Feng S, Zhao Y, Zhang H, Liang Q, Chen D, Zhang Y, Wang C. ATF4 knockdown in macrophage impairs glycolysis and mediates immune tolerance by targeting HK2 and HIF-1α ubiquitination in sepsis. Clin Immunol 2023; 254:109698. [PMID: 37481013 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2023.109698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
Strengthened glycolysis is crucial for the macrophage pro-inflammatory response during sepsis. Activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) plays an important role in regulating glucose and lipid metabolic homeostasis in hepatocytes and adipocytes. However, its immunometabolic role in macrophage during sepsis remains largely unknown. In the present study, we found that the expression of ATF4 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was increased and associated with glucose metabolism in septic patients. Atf4 knockdown specifically decreased LPS-induced spleen macrophages and serum pro-inflammatory cytokines levels in mice. Moreover, Atf4 knockdown partially blocked LPS-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines, lactate accumulation and glycolytic capacity in RAW264.7. Mechanically, ATF4 binds to the promoter region of hexokinase II (HK2), and interacts with hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and stabilizes HIF-1α through ubiquitination modification in response to LPS. Furthermore, ATF4-HIF-1α-HK2-glycolysis axis launches pro-inflammatory response in macrophage depending on the activation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). Importantly, Atf4 overexpression improves the decreased level of pro-inflammatory cytokines and lactate secretion and HK2 expression in LPS-induced tolerant macrophages. In conclusion, we propose a novel function of ATF4 as a crucial glycolytic activator contributing to pro-inflammatory response and improving immune tolerant in macrophage involved in sepsis. So, ATF4 could be a potential new target for immunotherapy of sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200062 Shanghai, China; Laboratory of Critical Care Translational Medicine, Institute of Pediatric Infection, Immunity, and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200062 Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenliang Wen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025 Shanghai, China
| | - Lujing Shao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200062 Shanghai, China; Laboratory of Critical Care Translational Medicine, Institute of Pediatric Infection, Immunity, and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200062 Shanghai, China
| | - Yun Cui
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200062 Shanghai, China; Laboratory of Critical Care Translational Medicine, Institute of Pediatric Infection, Immunity, and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200062 Shanghai, China; Institute of Pediatric Critical Care, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200062, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaomeng Tang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200062 Shanghai, China; Laboratory of Critical Care Translational Medicine, Institute of Pediatric Infection, Immunity, and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200062 Shanghai, China
| | - Huijie Miao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200062 Shanghai, China; Laboratory of Critical Care Translational Medicine, Institute of Pediatric Infection, Immunity, and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200062 Shanghai, China; Institute of Pediatric Critical Care, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200062, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingyi Shi
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200062 Shanghai, China; Laboratory of Critical Care Translational Medicine, Institute of Pediatric Infection, Immunity, and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200062 Shanghai, China; Institute of Pediatric Critical Care, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200062, Shanghai, China
| | - Linlin Jiang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Shuyun Feng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200062 Shanghai, China; Laboratory of Critical Care Translational Medicine, Institute of Pediatric Infection, Immunity, and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200062 Shanghai, China
| | - Yilin Zhao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200062 Shanghai, China; Laboratory of Critical Care Translational Medicine, Institute of Pediatric Infection, Immunity, and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200062 Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Qiming Liang
- Research Center of Translational Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dechang Chen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025 Shanghai, China..
| | - Yucai Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200062 Shanghai, China; Laboratory of Critical Care Translational Medicine, Institute of Pediatric Infection, Immunity, and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200062 Shanghai, China; Institute of Pediatric Critical Care, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200062, Shanghai, China.
| | - Chunxia Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200062 Shanghai, China; Laboratory of Critical Care Translational Medicine, Institute of Pediatric Infection, Immunity, and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200062 Shanghai, China; Institute of Pediatric Critical Care, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200062, Shanghai, China.
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Su J, Wu S, Zhou F, Tong Z. Research Progress of Macromolecules in the Prevention and Treatment of Sepsis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13017. [PMID: 37629199 PMCID: PMC10455590 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241613017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is associated with high rates of mortality in the intensive care unit and accompanied by systemic inflammatory reactions, secondary infections, and multiple organ failure. Biological macromolecules are drugs produced using modern biotechnology to prevent or treat diseases. Indeed, antithrombin, antimicrobial peptides, interleukins, antibodies, nucleic acids, and lentinan have been used to prevent and treat sepsis. In vitro, biological macromolecules can significantly ameliorate the inflammatory response, apoptosis, and multiple organ failure caused by sepsis. Several biological macromolecules have entered clinical trials. This review summarizes the sources, efficacy, mechanism of action, and research progress of macromolecular drugs used in the prevention and treatment of sepsis.
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Lai X, Wu A, Bing Y, Liu Y, Luo J, Yan H, Zheng P, Yu J, Chen D. Retinoic acid protects against lipopolysaccharide-induced ferroptotic liver injury and iron disorders by regulating Nrf2/HO-1 and RARβ signaling. Free Radic Biol Med 2023; 205:202-213. [PMID: 37302616 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Acute liver injury (ALI) can progress to severe liver diseases, making its prevention and treatment a focus of research. Retinoic acid (RA) has been shown to have anti-oxidative and iron-regulatory effects on organs. In this study, we investigated the effect of RA on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI in both in vivo and in vitro experiments. We found that RA significantly reduced LPS-induced serum iron and red blood cell-associated disorders, as well as decreased serum ALT and AST levels. RA also reversed the accumulation of non-heme iron and labile iron in LPS-induced mice and hepatocytes by increasing the expression of FTL/H and Fpn. Furthermore, RA inhibited tissue reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) production and improved the expression of Nrf2/HO-1/GPX4 in mice and Nrf2 signaling in hepatocytes. In vitro experiments employing RAR agonists and antagonists have revealed that retinoic acid (RA) can effectively inhibit cell ferroptosis induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), erastin, and RSL3. The mechanism underlying this inhibition may involve the activation of retinoic acid receptors beta (RARβ) and gamma (RARγ). Knocking down the RARβ gene in Hepatocytes cells significantly diminished the RA's protective effect, indicating that the anti-ferroptotic role of RA was partially mediated by RARβ signaling. Overall, our study demonstrated that RA inhibited ferroptosis-induced liver damage by regulating Nrf2/HO-1/GPX4 and RARβ signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Lai
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Aimin Wu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Bing
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yao Liu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Junqiu Luo
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hui Yan
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ping Zheng
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jie Yu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Daiwen Chen
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.
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14
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Nong H, Yuan H, Lin Y, Chen S, Li Y, Luo Z, Yang W, Zhang T, Chen Y. IL-22 promotes occludin expression by activating autophagy and treats ulcerative colitis. Mol Cell Biochem 2023:10.1007/s11010-023-04806-z. [PMID: 37440121 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-023-04806-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
IL-22 serves a protective function in the intestinal barrier. These protective properties of IL-22 may offer a potential treatment for ulcerative colitis (UC). However, the exact mechanisms of action remain unclear. Autophagy plays an important protective role in stabilizing the intestinal barrier. We aimed to explore the role of autophagy in the IL-22-mediated-protective effects in UC. Dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) was administrated via drinking water over 7 days to induce acute UC in BALB/c mice. Treatments with IL-22 (0.25 μg/10 g bodyweight) were started by intraperitoneal injection on days 1, 3, and 5. Weight, disease activity index, histological score, and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity were used to evaluate the severity of colitis. The expressions of occludin and autophagy-related proteins LC3BII/I were measured by western blot analysis. The lipopolysaccharide-induced HT-29 cell model was used to explore the mechanism. In vivo, IL-22 significantly alleviated DSS-induced clinical manifestations, reduced histological injury, and inhibited MPO activity. IL-22 upregulated the expression of occludin and the LC3B II/I ratio in the colon. In vitro, IL-22 significantly lowered TNF-α levels and enhanced the expression of occludin and the LC3B II/I ratio. Importantly, inhibiting autophagy in vitro by 3-Methyladenine (3-MA) attenuated the occludin protective effects of IL-22. In summary, our findings demonstrate that IL-22 ameliorates DSS-induced ulcerative colitis, which may be attributable to activating autophagy and then promoting occludin expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Nong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530000, China
| | - Haifeng Yuan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530000, China
| | - Yiting Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530000, China
| | - Siyu Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530000, China
| | - Yanbo Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530000, China
| | - Zhaoqiong Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530000, China
| | - Wen Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530000, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530000, China.
| | - Yuanneng Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530000, China.
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15
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Meng YX, Zhao R, Huo LJ. Interleukin-22 alleviates alcohol-associated hepatic fibrosis, inhibits autophagy, and suppresses the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in mice. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2023; 47:448-458. [PMID: 36799106 DOI: 10.1111/acer.15021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol-associated hepatic fibrosis is a widespread liver disease with no effective treatment. Recent studies have indicated that interleukin-22 (IL-22) can ameliorate alcohol-associated liver disease. However, the mechanism underlying the role of IL-22 in alcohol-associated hepatic fibrosis remains unclear. Therefore, we investigated the effect of IL-22 in a mouse model of alcohol-associated hepatic fibrosis and its underlying mechanisms. METHODS Alcohol-associated hepatic fibrosis was induced by feeding male C57BL/6J mice with a Lieber-DeCarli liquid diet containing 4% ethyl alcohol for 8 weeks and injecting them with 5% tetrachloromethane (CCl4 ) intraperitoneally for the last 4 weeks. During the last 4 weeks, IL-22 was also administered. We investigated the role of IL-22 in autophagy and the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway using a 3-methyladenine intraperitoneal injection in the mice treated with IL-22. The effects of IL-22 on alcohol-associated hepatic fibrosis, autophagy-related gene expression, and PI3K/AKT/mTOR activity were assessed using histopathology, biochemical analysis, transmission electron microscopy, quantitative real-time PCR, immunohistochemistry, and western blotting. RESULTS Mice treated with ethanol and CCl4 displayed distinct liver injuries, including hepatocyte necrosis, inflammatory cell infiltration, and hepatic fibrosis, which were substantially attenuated by IL-22 treatment. In addition, we found that IL-22 regulated the expression of autophagy-related genes and inhibited the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, as evidenced by the reduction in p-PI3K, p-AKT, and p-mTOR expression after IL-22 treatment. CONCLUSIONS IL-22 exerts a marked protective effect against alcohol-associated hepatic fibrosis. Its effect may be partly related to the alteration of autophagy-related gene expression and inhibition of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Xi Meng
- Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Rui Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Taiyuan Central Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Li-Juan Huo
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
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16
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The PTP1B selective inhibitor MSI-1436 mitigates Tunicamycin-induced ER stress in human hepatocarcinoma cell line through XBP1 splicing modulation. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0278566. [PMID: 36649358 PMCID: PMC9844924 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0278566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphatase PTP1B is considered as a key metabolic enzyme that has been reported to be associated with insulin resistance onset, and underlying cellular metabolic malfunctions, including ER stress and mitochondrial failure. In this study, effects of selective PTP1B inhibition using MSI-1436 on cellular apoptosis, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and ER stress have been assessed using an in vitro model of Tunicamycin induced ER stress in HepG2 cell line. Inhibition of PTP1B using MSI-1436 significantly increased cell viability and reduced the number of apoptotic cells as well as the expression of key apoptosis initiators and effectors. MSI-1436 further mitigated ER stress, by downregulating the expression of IRE1, ATF6 and PERK transcripts, all being key ER stress sensors. Interestingly, MSI-1436 inhibited the XBP1 splicing, and thus its UPR-associated transcriptional activity. PTP1B inhibition further enabled to restore proper mitochondrial biogenesis, by improving transmembrane potential, and diminishing intracellular ROS while restoring of endogenous antioxidant enzymes genes expression. PTP1B inhibition using MSI-1436 could improve cellular apoptosis and metabolic integrity through the mitigation of ER and mitochondrial stress signalling pathways, and excessive ROS accumulation. This strategy may be useful for the treatment of metabolic disorders including IR, NAFLD and diabetes.
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Xiong X, Dou J, Shi J, Ren Y, Wang C, Zhang Y, Cui Y. RAGE inhibition alleviates lipopolysaccharides-induced lung injury via directly suppressing autophagic apoptosis of type II alveolar epithelial cells. Respir Res 2023; 24:24. [PMID: 36691012 PMCID: PMC9872382 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-023-02332-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Advanced glycation end product receptor (RAGE) acts as a receptor of pro-inflammatory ligands and is highly expressed in alveolar epithelial cells (AECs). Autophagy in AECs has received much attention recently. However, the roles of autophagy and RAGE in the pathogenesis of acute lung injury remain unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to explore whether RAGE activation signals take part in the dysfunction of alveolar epithelial barrier through autophagic death. METHODS Acute lung injury animal models were established using C57BL/6 and Ager gene knockout (Ager -/- mice) mice in this study. A549 cells and primary type II alveolar epithelial (ATII) cells were treated with siRNA to reduce Ager gene expression. Autophagy was inhibited by 3-methyladenine (3-MA). Lung injury was assessed by histopathological examination. Cell viability was estimated by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. The serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8 and soluble RAGE (sRAGE) were evaluated by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The involvement of RAGE signals, autophagy and apoptosis was assessed using western blots, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, transmission electron microscopy and TUNEL test. RESULTS The expression of RAGE was promoted by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which was associated with activation of autophagy both in mice lung tissues and A549 cells as well as primary ATII cells. sRAGE in BALF was positively correlated with IL-6 and IL-8 levels. Compared with the wild-type mice, inflammation and apoptosis in lung tissues were alleviated in Ager-/- mice. Persistently activated autophagy contributed to cell apoptosis, whereas the inhibition of autophagy by 3-MA protected lungs from damage. In addition, Ager knockdown inhibited LPS-induced autophagy activation and attenuated lung injury. In vitro, knockdown of RAGE significantly suppressed the activation of LPS-induced autophagy and apoptosis of A549 and primary ATII cells. Furthermore, RAGE activated the downstream STAT3 signaling pathway. CONCLUSION RAGE plays an essential role in the pathogenesis of ATII cells injury. Our results suggested that RAGE inhibition alleviated LPS-induced lung injury by directly suppressing autophagic apoptosis of alveolar epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Xiong
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200062 China ,grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Institute of Pediatric Infection, Immunity and Intensive Care Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200062 China
| | - Jiaying Dou
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200062 China ,grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Institute of Pediatric Infection, Immunity and Intensive Care Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200062 China
| | - Jingyi Shi
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200062 China ,grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Institute of Pediatric Critical Care, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200062 China
| | - Yuqian Ren
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200062 China ,grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Institute of Pediatric Critical Care, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200062 China
| | - Chunxia Wang
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Institute of Pediatric Infection, Immunity and Intensive Care Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200062 China ,grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Institute of Pediatric Critical Care, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200062 China ,grid.415625.10000 0004 0467 3069Clinical Research Unit, Shanghai Children’s Hospital, Shanghai, 200062 China
| | - Yucai Zhang
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200062 China ,grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Institute of Pediatric Infection, Immunity and Intensive Care Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200062 China ,grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Institute of Pediatric Critical Care, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200062 China
| | - Yun Cui
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200062 China ,grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Institute of Pediatric Infection, Immunity and Intensive Care Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200062 China ,grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Institute of Pediatric Critical Care, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200062 China
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Zhou X, Li X, Yi K, Liang C, Geng S, Zhu J, Xie C, Zhong C. Magnesium isoglycyrrhizinate ameliorates lipopolysaccharide-induced liver injury by upregulating autophagy and inhibiting inflammation via IL-22 expression. Bioorg Chem 2022; 128:106034. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.106034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Wang J, Zhu Q, Li R, Zhang J, Ye X, Li X. YAP1 protects against septic liver injury via ferroptosis resistance. Cell Biosci 2022; 12:163. [PMID: 36182901 PMCID: PMC9526934 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-022-00902-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The liver plays crucial roles in sepsis and is one of the major targets for sepsis-related injuries. Ferroptosis, a newly emerged form of lytic cell death, has been implicated in sepsis related organ failure. Yes-associated protein1 (YAP1), a key regulator of the Hippo signaling pathway, may be involved in ferroptosis development. This study aimed to elucidate the role of YAP1 in septic liver injury through regulating ferroptosis, especially ferritinophagy-mediated ferroptosis. Results Cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) models were constructed in control (Yap1flfl) and liver-conditional knockout mice (Yap1fl/fl Alb-Cre) to induce septic liver injury, while LO2 cells with or without YAP1 overexpression/deletion were stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in vitro. Our study showed YAP1 knockdown aggravated CLP-induced liver injury and inflammation, as well as accelerated hepatocyte ferroptosis, revealed by down-regulated expression of GPX4, FTH1 and SLC7A11, along with up-regulated expression of SFXN1 and NCOA4. Consistently, YAP1 deficiency aggravated LO2 cells ferroptosis, but YAP1 overexpression alleviated LPS-induced LO2 ferritinophagy, as evidenced by reduced mitochondrial ROS and Fe2+, along with down-regulated expression of SFXN1 and NCOA4. Further co-IP assay verified that YAP1 disrupted the interaction between NCOA4 and FTH1, thus prevent the degradation of ferritin to Fe2+, further reduced the ROS production and suppressed ferroptosis. Conclusion YAP1 inhibits ferritinophagy-mediated ferroptosis in hepatocytes, and YAP1 deficiency aggravates sepsis-induced liver injury. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13578-022-00902-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wang
- grid.413247.70000 0004 1808 0969Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei China
| | - Qian Zhu
- grid.413247.70000 0004 1808 0969Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei China
| | - Rui Li
- grid.413247.70000 0004 1808 0969Department of Geriatrics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei China
| | - Jing Zhang
- grid.413247.70000 0004 1808 0969Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei China
| | - Xujun Ye
- grid.413247.70000 0004 1808 0969Department of Geriatrics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei China
| | - Xinyi Li
- grid.413247.70000 0004 1808 0969Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei China
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Yu C, Ling Q, Jiao J, Liu J, Huang Z, Wang F, Sun X, Kong X. Interleukin-22 protects from endotoxemia by inducing suppressive F4/80 +Ly6G hiLy6C hi cells population. BMC Immunol 2022; 23:45. [PMID: 36123595 PMCID: PMC9484229 DOI: 10.1186/s12865-022-00511-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Excessive inflammatory response is the primary cause of early death in patients with endotoxemia. Interleukin 22 (IL-22) has been shown to play critical roles in the modulation of infectious diseases, but its function in regulating immune responses during endotoxemia remains unclear. Methods Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was used to induce endotoxemia mouse model with or without a recombinant fusion protein containing human IL-22 (F-652). IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β, and MCP-1 were measured by ELISA assays. The type of macrophage was assessed by flow cytometry. Real-time PCR was used to detect the expression of S100A9.
Results We found that F-652 injection significantly improved the survival rates and reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-a, IL-1β, MCP-1) in LPS-induced endotoxemia mice. However, the mice injected with F-652 had a higher number of infiltrated immune cells after LPS treatment, suggesting an impaired immune response. Flow cytometry analysis showed a higher number of F4/80+Ly6GhiLy6Chi cells that highly expressed M2-like macrophage markers (Ym1, Arg, CCL17) in the peritoneal cavity of the F-652-treated endotoxemia mice. Further investigation found that these suppressive M2 macrophages might be induced by F-652 since the F-652 treatment could increase S100A9 in vitro. Conclusions Our study suggests that IL-22 has a protective role against endotoxemia by inducing the development of immunosuppressive cells through S100A9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Yu
- Central Laboratory, Department of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Chinese Traditional Medicine, 528 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Qihua Ling
- Department of Emergency Internal Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Junzhe Jiao
- Central Laboratory, Department of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Chinese Traditional Medicine, 528 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Juhong Liu
- Evive Biotechnology (Shanghai) Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhihua Huang
- Evive Biotechnology (Shanghai) Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Central Laboratory, Department of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Chinese Traditional Medicine, 528 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xuehua Sun
- Central Laboratory, Department of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Chinese Traditional Medicine, 528 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xiaoni Kong
- Central Laboratory, Department of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Chinese Traditional Medicine, 528 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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Zhao L, Zheng L, Li Z, Jin M, Wang Q, Cheng J, Li J, Feng H. Phellinus linteus polysaccharides mediates acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity via activating AMPK/Nrf2 signaling pathways. Aging (Albany NY) 2022; 14:6993-7002. [PMID: 36057264 PMCID: PMC9512509 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Overdose of acetaminophen (APAP) is currently one of the main causes of hepatoxicity and acute liver injury, which is often linked to oxidative stress. Phellinus linteus polysaccharides (Phps) have shown many hepatoprotective effects, however, the mechanism of Phps on APAP-induced acute liver injury has not been further elucidated. The aim of this study is to investigate the underlying mechanism of Phps to acute liver injury. The expression of AMPK/Nrf2 and autophagy were detected using western blot. The results indicated that Phps treatment effectively alleviated APAP-induced acute liver injury by reducing alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels in serum. Phps significantly attenuated myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and glutathione (GSH) depletion. Meanwhile, Phps remarkably alleviated histopathological changes. Further research found that Phps promoted AMPK pathway and up-regulated nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor (Nrf2) transported into nucleus, and elevated heme oxygenase 1(HO-1), glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic (GCLC), glutamate cysteine ligase modifier (GCLM) and quinone oxidoreductase (NQO1). Additionally, Phps apparently facilitated the expression of autophagy proteins (ATG3, ATG5, ATG7, and ATG12). However, the protection of pathologic changes was nearly absent in Nrf2<sup>-/-</sup> mice. Phps have potential in preventing oxidative stress in APAP-induced acute liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, Jilin, P.R. China
| | - Lianwen Zheng
- Reproductive Medical Center, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, Jilin, P.R. China
| | - Zheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, Jilin, P.R. China
| | - Meiyu Jin
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, Jilin, P.R. China
| | - Qi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, Jilin, P.R. China
| | - Jiaqi Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, Jilin, P.R. China
| | - Jinxia Li
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, Jilin, P.R. China
| | - Haihua Feng
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, Jilin, P.R. China
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Dou X, Yan D, Liu S, Gao L, Shan A. Thymol Alleviates LPS-Induced Liver Inflammation and Apoptosis by Inhibiting NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation and the AMPK-mTOR-Autophagy Pathway. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14142809. [PMID: 35889766 PMCID: PMC9319298 DOI: 10.3390/nu14142809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Thymol is a natural antibacterial agent found in the essential oil extracted from thyme, which has been proven to be beneficial in food and medicine. Meanwhile, the NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome and autophagy have been reported to play key roles in the progression of liver injury. However, the effects of thymol on the NLRP3 inflammasome and autophagy in protecting the liver remain unclear. The present study used a mouse model with liver injury induced by lipopolysaccharides (LPS) to investigate the regulatory mechanisms of thymol. We found that thymol alleviated LPS-induced liver structural damage, as judged by reduced inflammatory cell infiltration and improved structure. In addition, elevated levels of the liver damage indicators (alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), and total bilirubin (TBIL)) dropped after thymol administration. The mRNA and protein expression of inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-22), apoptosis-related genes (caspase3 and caspase9), and the activity of apoptosis-related genes (caspase3 and caspase9) were increased in LPS-treated livers, whereas the changes were alleviated after thymol administration. Thymol inhibited LPS-induced increment in lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity in primary hepatocytes of the mouse. In addition, thymol protected mice from liver injury by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation induced by LPS. Mechanistically, the present study indicates that thymol has liver protective activity resulting from the modulation of the AMP-activated protein kinase—mammalian target of rapamycin (AMPK–mTOR) to regulate the autophagy pathway, hence curbing inflammation.
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Fibroblast Growth Factor 19 Improves LPS-Induced Lipid Disorder and Organ Injury by Regulating Metabolomic Characteristics in Mice. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:9673512. [PMID: 35847588 PMCID: PMC9279090 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9673512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis is extremely heterogeneous pathology characterized by complex metabolic changes. Fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19) is a well-known intestine-derived inhibitor of bile acid biosynthesis. However, it is largely unknown about the roles of FGF19 in improving sepsis-associated metabolic disorder and organ injury. In the present study, mice were intravenously injected recombinant human FGF19 daily for 7 days followed by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administration. At 24 hours after LPS stimuli, sera were collected for metabolomic analysis. Ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) network based on differential metabolites (DMs) was conducted. Here, metabolomic analysis revealed that FGF19 pretreatment reversed the increase of LPS-induced fatty acids. IPA network indicated that altered linoleic acid (LA) and gamma-linolenic acid (GLA) were involved in the regulation of oxidative stress and mitochondrial function and were closely related to reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Further investigation proved that FGF19 pretreatment decreased serum malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and increased serum catalase (CAT) levels. In livers, FGF19 suppressed the expression of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and enhanced the expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) and hemeoxygenase-1 (HO-1). Finally, FGF19 pretreatment protected mice against LPS-induced liver, ileum, and kidney injury. Taken together, FGF19 alleviates LPS-induced organ injury associated with improved serum LA and GLA levels and oxidative stress, suggesting that FGF19 might be a promising target for metabolic therapy for sepsis.
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Cannon AS, Holloman BL, Wilson K, Miranda K, Dopkins N, Nagarkatti P, Nagarkatti M. AhR Activation Leads to Attenuation of Murine Autoimmune Hepatitis: Single-Cell RNA-Seq Analysis Reveals Unique Immune Cell Phenotypes and Gene Expression Changes in the Liver. Front Immunol 2022; 13:899609. [PMID: 35720411 PMCID: PMC9204231 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.899609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a ubiquitously expressed ligand-activated transcription factor. While initially identified as an environmental sensor, this receptor has been shown more recently to regulate a variety of immune functions. AhR ligands vary in structure and source from environmental chemicals such as 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) and indoles found in cruciferous vegetables to endogenous ligands derived from tryptophan metabolism. In the current study, we used TCDD, a high affinity AhR ligand to study the impact of AhR activation in the murine model of autoimmune hepatitis (AIH). Primarily, we used single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) technology to study the nature of changes occurring in the immune cells in the liver at the cellular and molecular level. We found that AhR activation attenuated concanavalin A (ConA)-induced AIH by limiting chemotaxis of pro-inflammatory immune cell subsets, promoting anti-inflammatory cytokine production, and suppressing pro-inflammatory cytokine production. scRNA-seq analysis showed some unusual events upon ConA injection such as increased presence of mature B cells, natural killer (NK) T cells, CD4+ or CD8+ T cells, Kupffer cells, memory CD8+ T cells, and activated T cells while TCDD treatment led to the reversal of most of these events. Additionally, the immune cells showed significant alterations in the gene expression profiles. Specifically, we observed downregulation of inflammation-associated genes including Ptma, Hspe1, and CD52 in TCDD-treated AIH mice as well as alterations in the expression of migratory markers such as CXCR2. Together, the current study characterizes the nature of inflammatory changes occurring in the liver during AIH, and sheds light on how AhR activation during AIH attenuates liver inflammation by inducing phenotypic and genotypic changes in immune cells found in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Prakash Nagarkatti
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Mitzi Nagarkatti
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, United States
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Shen MJ, Sun LC, Liu XY, Xiong MC, Li S, Tang AL, Zhang GQ. Trichostatin A improves the inflammatory response and liver injury in septic mice through the FoxO3a/autophagy signaling pathway. World J Emerg Med 2022; 13:182-188. [PMID: 35646203 PMCID: PMC9108919 DOI: 10.5847/wjem.j.1920-8642.2022.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sepsis-induced liver injury is a fatal complication of sepsis. Trichostatin A (TSA) regulates inflammation and autophagy in some human diseases, and forkhead box O3a (FoxO3a) has been shown to regulate autophagy. The present study aims to investigate whether TSA exerts its effects on septic liver injury through the FoxO3a/autophagy signaling pathway. METHODS A sepsis mouse model was constructed by the cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) method, and AML12 cells were pretreated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (1 μg/mL) to establish a sepsis cell model. Forty mice were divided into four groups, namely control group, TSA group, CLP group, and CLP+TSA group, with 10 mice in each group. Cells were divided into control group, TSA group, LPS group, and LPS+TSA group. Hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining and biochemical methods were used to evaluate liver tissue injury. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was applied to detect the expression of proinflammatory cytokines, and Western blotting and immunofluorescence were used to measure autophagy-related protein expression. RESULTS Compared with the CLP group (mice), the proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin-β [IL-β] 2,665.27±324.90 pg/mL to 2,080.26±373.66 pg/mL; interleukin-6 [IL-6] 399.01±60.98 pg/mL to 221.90±46.89 pg/mL) and the hepatocyte injury markers (aspartate transaminase [AST] from 198.18±27.07 U/L to 128.42±20.55 U/L; alanine aminotransferase [ALT] from 634.98±74.10 U/L to 478.60±32.56 U/L) were notably decreased after TSA intervention. Moreover, LC3 II and FoxO3a showed an obvious increase and P62 showed an obvious decrease in the CLP+TSA group. Cell experiment results showed the similar trend. After FoxO3a gene was knocked down in AML12 cells, the promotion of autophagy and the improvement of liver enzyme index and inflammation by TSA were weakened. CONCLUSION TSA may improve the inflammatory response and liver injury in septic mice through FoxO3a/autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-jia Shen
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
- Emergency Department, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Li-chao Sun
- Emergency Department, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xiao-yu Liu
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
- Emergency Department, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Meng-chen Xiong
- Emergency Department, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Shan Li
- Emergency Department, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - A-ling Tang
- Emergency Department, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Guo-qiang Zhang
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
- Emergency Department, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
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He K, Cao C, Xu X, Ye Z, Ma X, Chen W, Du P. Octanoic acid-rich enteral nutrition prevented lipopolysaccharide-induced acute liver injury through c-Jun N-terminal kinase-dependent autophagy. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2021; 46:1353-1360. [PMID: 34719794 DOI: 10.1002/jpen.2297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute liver injury (ALI) is an essential component of sepsis associated with poor outcomes. Octanoic acid (OA), a medium-chain fatty acid, has a protective effect on sepsis-induced organ damage, and autophagy is an adaptive response to sepsis. However, the underlying mechanism by which OA prevents ALI remains unknown. Therefore, we investigated whether OA-rich enteral nutrition (EN) prevented lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI through the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)-dependent autophagy. METHODS Firstly, Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups (sham, LPS, LPS + EN, and LPS + EN + OA) to detect the effect of OA-rich EN on LPS-induced ALI. Then, rats were randomly divided into five groups (sham, LPS, LPS + EN + OA, LPS + EN + OA + anisomycin (AN), and LPS + SP600125) to explore the mechanism by which OA-rich EN prevented ALI. EN and OA-rich EN were conducted through gastric tubes for 3 days. The liver protective effects were measured by liver histopathological changes, enzymes, inflammatory cytokines of serum and liver, the levels of autophagy, and JNK activity. RESULTS OA-rich EN inhibited JNK activity, up-regulated autophagy and prevented LPS-induced ALI. Inhibition of JNK activity conferred by SP promoted autophagy and prevented LPS-induced ALI. Moreover, the protective effect of autophagy and inhibition of JNK activity conferred by OA-rich EN on ALI was counteracted by AN. CONCLUSION OA-rich EN prevented LPS-induced ALI through JNK-dependent autophagy. This result suggested that OA-rich EN may be a therapeutic potential for ALI in patients with sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiming He
- Department of General Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Chun Cao
- Department of General Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiangrong Xu
- Department of General Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhenyu Ye
- Department of General Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiaoming Ma
- Department of General Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of General Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Peng Du
- Department of General Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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lncRNA-SNHG14 Plays a Role in Acute Lung Injury Induced by Lipopolysaccharide through Regulating Autophagy via miR-223-3p/Foxo3a. Mediators Inflamm 2021; 2021:7890288. [PMID: 34539244 PMCID: PMC8443345 DOI: 10.1155/2021/7890288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
lncRNAs play important roles in lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) induced acute lung injury. But the mechanism still needs further research. In the present study, we investigate the functional role of the lncRNA-SNHG14/miR-223-3p/Foxo3a pathway in LPS-induced ALI and tried to confirm its regulatory effect on autophagy. Transcriptomic profile changes were identified by RNA-seq in LPS-treated alveolar type II epithelial cells. The expression changes of lncRNA-SNHG14/miR-223-3p/Foxo3a were confirmed using qRT-PCR and west blot. The binding relationship of lncRNA-SNHG14/miR-223-3p/and miR-223-3p/Foxo3a was verified using dual-luciferase reporter, RNA immunoprecipitation, and RNA pull-down assays. Using gain-of-function or loss-of-function approaches, the effect of lncRNA-SNHG14/miR-223-3p/Foxo3a was investigated in LPS-induced acute lung injury mice model and in vitro. Increasing of lncRNA-SNHG14 and Foxo3a with reducing miR-223-3p was found in LPS-treated A549 cells and lung tissue collected from the LPS-induced ALI model. lncRNA-SNHG14 inhibited miR-223-3p but promoted Foxo3a expression as a ceRNA. Artificially changes of lncRNA-SNHG14/miR-223-3p/Foxo3a pathway promoted or protected cell injury from LPS in vivo and in vitro. Autophagy activity could be influenced by lncRNA-SNHG14/miR-223-3p/Foxo3a pathway in cells with or without LPS treatment. In conclusion, aberrant expression changes of lncRNA-SNHG14 participated alveolar type II epithelial cell injury and acute lung injury induced by LPS through regulating autophagy. One underlying mechanism is that lncRNA-SNHG14 regulated autophagy by controlling miR-223-3p/Foxo3a as a ceRNA. It suggested that lncRNA-SNHG14 may serve as a potential therapeutic target for patients with sepsis-induced ALI.
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Wang X, Wang L, Dong R, Huang K, Wang C, Gu J, Luo H, Liu K, Wu J, Sun H, Meng Q. Luteolin ameliorates LPS-induced acute liver injury by inhibiting TXNIP-NLRP3 inflammasome in mice. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 87:153586. [PMID: 34044253 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chemical liver injury is one of the main causes of acute liver failure and death. To date, however, treatment strategies for acute liver injury have been limited. Therefore, there is an urgent need to find new therapeutic targets and effective drugs. NOD-like receptor pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is a complex of multiple proteins that has been shown to induce cell death under inflammatory and stress pathologic conditions and is thought to provide new targets for the treatment of a variety of diseases. PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to investigate whether luteolin has a protective effect on the liver and further elucidate whether it is realized through the thioredoxin interacting protein (TXNIP)-NLRP3 axis. STUDY DESIGN Acute hepatic injury in mice caused by intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was treated with or without luteolin. METHODS Male C57BL/6 mice and mouse primary hepatocytes were selected. TXNIP protein knockdown was achieved by siRNA, qPCR and Western blot were performed to explore the mechanism of luteolin in alleviating acute liver injury. RESULTS The results indicated that luteolin had a markedly protective effect on acute liver injury induced by LPS in mice by inhibiting the TXNIP-NLRP3 axis. Luteolin inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome activation by suppressing TXNIP, apoptosis associated speck-like protein containing a CARD domain (ASC), caspase-1, interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-18 to reduce liver injury. In addition, luteolin inhibits LPS-induced liver inflammation by inhibiting the production of inflammation-related gene tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), IL-10, and IL-6. What's more, luteolin alleviated LPS-induced hepatocyte injury by inhibiting oxidative stress and regulating MDA, SOD, and GSH levels. However, the protective effect of luteolin on acute LPS-induced liver injury in mice was blocked by si-TXNIP in vitro. CONCLUSIONS These combined data showed that luteolin may alleviate LPS-induced liver injury through the TXNIP-NLPR3 axis, providing new therapeutic targets and therapeutic drugs for subsequent studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Renchao Dong
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Kai Huang
- Drug Clinical Trial Institution, the Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214023, China
| | - Changyuan Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Jiangning Gu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Haifeng Luo
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Kexin Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Jingjing Wu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Huijun Sun
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Qiang Meng
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China.
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Zhou H, Xu J, Huang S, He Y, He X, Guo L, Yin S, Lu S. Blocking the Hepatic Branch of the Vagus Aggravates Hepatic Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury via Inhibiting the Expression of IL-22 in the Liver. J Immunol Res 2021; 2021:6666428. [PMID: 34514001 PMCID: PMC8429033 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6666428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is an inevitable process during liver transplantation, hemorrhagic shock, resection, and other liver surgeries. It is an important cause of postoperative liver dysfunction and increased medical costs. The protective effects of the vagus nerve on hepatic IRI have been reported, but the underlying mechanism has not been fully understood. We established a hepatic vagotomy (Hv) mouse model to study the effect of the vagus on liver IRI and to explore the underlying mechanism. Liver IRI was more serious in mice with Hv, which showed higher serum ALT and AST activities and histopathological changes. Further experiments confirmed that Hv significantly downregulated the expression of IL-22 protein and mRNA in the liver, blocking the activation of the STAT3 pathway. The STAT3 pathway in the livers of Hv mice was significantly activated, and liver injury was clearly alleviated after treatment with exogenous IL-22 recombinant protein. In conclusion, Hv can aggravate hepatic IRI, and its mechanism may be related to inhibition of IL-22 expression and downregulation of the STAT3 pathway in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, The First People's Hospital of Huzhou, First Affiliated Hospital of Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, China
| | - Juling Xu
- Medical School of Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, China
| | - Sanxiong Huang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Huzhou, Huzhou 313000, China
| | - Ying He
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Media Biology and Pathogenic Control, Central Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, China
| | - Xiaowei He
- Department of Pharmacy, The First People's Hospital of Huzhou, First Affiliated Hospital of Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, China
| | - Lu Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, The First People's Hospital of Huzhou, First Affiliated Hospital of Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, China
| | - Shi Yin
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230001, China
| | - Sheng Lu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First People's Hospital of Huzhou, First Affiliated Hospital of Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, China
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