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Tseng KY, Huang YT, Huang YT, Su YT, Wang AN, Weng WY, Ke CL, Yeh YC, Wang JJ, Du SH, Gu ZQ, Chen WL, Lin CH, Tsai YH. Regulation of candidalysin underlies Candida albicans persistence in intravascular catheters by modulating NETosis. PLoS Pathog 2024; 20:e1012319. [PMID: 38885290 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1012319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans is a leading cause of intravascular catheter-related infections. The capacity for biofilm formation has been proposed to contribute to the persistence of this fungal pathogen on catheter surfaces. While efforts have been devoted to identifying microbial factors that modulate C. albicans biofilm formation in vitro, our understanding of the host factors that may shape C. albicans persistence in intravascular catheters is lacking. Here, we used multiphoton microscopy to characterize biofilms in intravascular catheters removed from candidiasis patients. We demonstrated that, NETosis, a type of neutrophil cell death with antimicrobial activity, was implicated in the interaction of immune cells with C. albicans in the catheters. The catheter isolates exhibited reduced filamentation and candidalysin gene expression, specifically in the total parenteral nutrition culture environment. Furthermore, we showed that the ablation of candidalysin expression in C. albicans reduced NETosis and conferred resistance to neutrophil-mediated fungal biofilm elimination. Our findings illustrate the role of neutrophil NETosis in modulating C. albicans biofilm persistence in an intravascular catheter, highlighting that C. albicans can benefit from reduced virulence expression to promote its persistence in an intravascular catheter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Yao Tseng
- Laboratory of Host-Microbe Interactions and Cell Dynamics, Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Tsung Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ting Huang
- Laboratory of Host-Microbe Interactions and Cell Dynamics, Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ting Su
- Laboratory of Host-Microbe Interactions and Cell Dynamics, Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - An-Ni Wang
- Laboratory of Host-Microbe Interactions and Cell Dynamics, Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Yen Weng
- Laboratory of Host-Microbe Interactions and Cell Dynamics, Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cai-Ling Ke
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chiao Yeh
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jhih-Jie Wang
- Laboratory of Host-Microbe Interactions and Cell Dynamics, Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shin-Hei Du
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Zi-Qi Gu
- Laboratory of Host-Microbe Interactions and Cell Dynamics, Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Lin Chen
- Laboratory of Host-Microbe Interactions and Cell Dynamics, Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Hsuan Lin
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Huan Tsai
- Laboratory of Host-Microbe Interactions and Cell Dynamics, Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Center for Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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Zhang C, Zhang Y, Zhuang R, Yang K, Chen L, Jin B, Ma Y, Zhang Y, Tang K. Alterations in CX3CL1 Levels and Its Role in Viral Pathogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4451. [PMID: 38674036 PMCID: PMC11050295 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
CX3CL1, also named fractalkine or neurotactin, is the only known member of the CX3C chemokine family that can chemoattract several immune cells. CX3CL1 exists in both membrane-anchored and soluble forms, with each mediating distinct biological activities. CX3CL1 signals are transmitted through its unique receptor, CX3CR1, primarily expressed in the microglia of the central nervous system (CNS). In the CNS, CX3CL1 acts as a regulator of microglia activation in response to brain disorders or inflammation. Recently, there has been a growing interest in the role of CX3CL1 in regulating cell adhesion, chemotaxis, and host immune response in viral infection. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of the changes and function of CX3CL1 in various viral infections, such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), SARS-CoV-2, influenza virus, and cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection, to highlight the emerging roles of CX3CL1 in viral infection and associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yun Zhang
- Department of Immunology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China; (C.Z.); (Y.Z.); (R.Z.); (K.Y.); (L.C.); (B.J.); (Y.M.)
| | - Kang Tang
- Department of Immunology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China; (C.Z.); (Y.Z.); (R.Z.); (K.Y.); (L.C.); (B.J.); (Y.M.)
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How CM, Li YS, Huang WY, Wei CC. Early-life exposure to mycotoxin zearalenone exacerbates aberrant immune response, oxidative stress, and mortality of Caenorhabditis elegans under pathogen Bacillus thuringiensis infection. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 272:116085. [PMID: 38342010 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Zearalenone (ZEN) is a prevalent mycotoxin that severely impacts human and animal health. However, the possible interactions between ZEN exposure, pathogen infection, immune system, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were rarely investigated. We studied the effects of early-life ZEN (50 µM) exposure on the immune response of Caenorhabditis elegans against Bacillus thuringiensis infection and the associated mechanisms. The transcriptomic responses of C. elegans after early-life ZEN exposure were investigated using RNA sequencing and followed by verification using quantitative PCR analysis. We also investigated the immune responses of the worms through B. thuringiensis killing assays and by measuring oxidative stress. The transcriptomics result showed that early-life exposure to ZEN resulted in 44 differentially expressed genes, 7 of which were protein-coding genes with unknown functions. The Gene Ontology analysis suggested that metabolic processes and immune response were among the most significantly enriched biological processes, and the KEGG analysis suggested that lysosomes and metabolic pathways were the most significantly enriched pathways. The ZEN-exposed worms exhibited significantly reduced survival after 24-h B. thuringiensis infection, reaching near 100% mortality compared to 60% of the controls. Using qRT-PCR assay, we found that ZEN further enhanced the expression of immunity genes lys-6, spp-1, and clec-60 after B. thuringiensis infection. A concurrently enhanced ROS accumulation was also observed for ZEN-exposed worms after B. thuringiensis infection, which was 1.2-fold compared with the controls. Moreover, ZEN exposure further enhanced mRNA expression of catalases (ctl-1 and ctl-2) and increased catalase protein activity after B. thuringiensis exposure compared with their non-exposed counterparts, suggesting an elevated oxidative stress. This study suggests that early-life exposure to mycotoxin zearalenone overstimulates immune responses involving spp-17, clec-52, and clec-56, resulting in excessive ROS production, enhanced oxidative stress as indicated by aggravated ctl expression and activity, and a decline in host resistance to pathogenic infection which ultimately leads to increased mortality under B. thuringiensis infection. Our findings provide evidence that could improve our understanding on the potential interactions between mycotoxin zearalenone and pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Ming How
- Institute of Food Safety and Health, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10055, Taiwan
| | - Yong-Shan Li
- Institute of Food Safety and Health, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10055, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Yun Huang
- Institute of Food Safety and Health, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10055, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Cheng Wei
- Institute of Food Safety and Health, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10055, Taiwan; Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10055, Taiwan.
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Baz AA, Hao H, Lan S, Li Z, Liu S, Chen S, Chu Y. Neutrophil extracellular traps in bacterial infections and evasion strategies. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1357967. [PMID: 38433838 PMCID: PMC10906519 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1357967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are innate immune cells that have a vital role in host defense systems. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are one of neutrophils' defense mechanisms against pathogens. NETs comprise an ejected lattice of chromatin associated with histones, granular proteins, and cytosolic proteins. They are thought to be an efficient strategy to capture and/or kill bacteria and received intensive research interest in the recent years. However, soon after NETs were identified, it was observed that certain bacteria were able to evade NET entrapment through many different mechanisms. Here, we outline the recent progress of NETs in bacterial infections and the strategies employed by bacteria to evade or withstand NETs. Identifying the molecules and mechanisms that modulate NET release will improve our understanding of the functions of NETs in infections and provide new avenues for the prevention and treatment of bacterial diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Adel Baz
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Disease Prevention and Control (West), Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, China
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Huafang Hao
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Disease Prevention and Control (West), Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shimei Lan
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Disease Prevention and Control (West), Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhangcheng Li
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Disease Prevention and Control (West), Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Disease Prevention and Control (West), Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shengli Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Disease Prevention and Control (West), Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yuefeng Chu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Disease Prevention and Control (West), Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, China
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Furuya H, Nguyen CT, Chan T, Marusina AI, Merleev AA, Garcia-Hernandez MDLL, Hsieh SL, Tsokos GC, Ritchlin CT, Tagkopoulos I, Maverakis E, Adamopoulos IE. IL-23 induces CLEC5A + IL-17A + neutrophils and elicit skin inflammation associated with psoriatic arthritis. J Autoimmun 2024; 143:103167. [PMID: 38301504 PMCID: PMC10981569 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2024.103167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
IL-23-activation of IL-17 producing T cells is involved in many rheumatic diseases. Herein, we investigate the role of IL-23 in the activation of myeloid cell subsets that contribute to skin inflammation in mice and man. IL-23 gene transfer in WT, IL-23RGFP reporter mice and subsequent analysis with spectral cytometry show that IL-23 regulates early innate immune events by inducing the expansion of a myeloid MDL1+CD11b+Ly6G+ population that dictates epidermal hyperplasia, acanthosis, and parakeratosis; hallmark pathologic features of psoriasis. Genetic ablation of MDL-1, a major PU.1 transcriptional target during myeloid differentiation exclusively expressed in myeloid cells, completely prevents IL-23-pathology. Moreover, we show that IL-23-induced myeloid subsets are also capable of producing IL-17A and IL-23R+MDL1+ cells are present in the involved skin of psoriasis patients and gene expression correlations between IL-23 and MDL-1 have been validated in multiple patient cohorts. Collectively, our data demonstrate a novel role of IL-23 in MDL-1-myelopoiesis that is responsible for skin inflammation and related pathologies. Our data open a new avenue of investigations regarding the role of IL-23 in the activation of myeloid immunoreceptors and their role in autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Furuya
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Cuong Thach Nguyen
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California, Davis, USA
| | - Trevor Chan
- Department of Computer Science, University of California, Davis, CA, USA; Genome Center, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Alina I Marusina
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, USA
| | | | | | - Shie-Liang Hsieh
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - George C Tsokos
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California, Davis, USA
| | - Christopher T Ritchlin
- Division of Allergy, Immunology & Rheumatology, University of Rochester Medical School, NY, USA
| | - Ilias Tagkopoulos
- Department of Computer Science, University of California, Davis, CA, USA; Process Integration and Predictive Analytics, PIPA LLC, CA, USA
| | - Emanual Maverakis
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, USA
| | - Iannis E Adamopoulos
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA; Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California, Davis, USA.
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Legaki E, Koutouratsas T, Theocharopoulos C, Lagkada V, Gazouli M. Polymorphisms in CLEC5A and CLEC7A genes modify risk for inflammatory bowel disease. Ann Gastroenterol 2024; 37:64-70. [PMID: 38223252 PMCID: PMC10785015 DOI: 10.20524/aog.2024.0843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) seems to arise from an interplay between genetic and environmental factors. CLEC5A and CLEC7A genes code for 2 members of the C-type lectin receptor superfamily, which participate in the immune response against various pathogens, mediating inflammatory signaling. CLEC5A polymorphisms have been linked to the risk of Crohn's disease (CD), whereas CLEC7A has been implicated in fungal dysbiosis, chemically induced colitis in mice and undertreated ulcerative colitis (UC) in humans. This study aimed to explore how specific CLEC5A and CLEC7A polymorphisms contribute to the development of CD and UC. Methods One hundred twelve CD patients, 94 UC patients and 164 sex- and age- matched healthy individuals were genotyped for the single nucleotide polymorphisms rs2078178 and rs16910631 of the CLEC7A gene, and rs1285933 of the CLEC5A gene. Results The CLEC7A rs2078178 AA genotype was more frequent in UC patients compared to healthy individuals, The CLEC7A rs16910631 CT genotype was significantly associated with UC risk compared to healthy individuals, while there was no statistical correlation with CD. The CLEC5A rs1285933 GA genotype was found to be protective against UC and CD, and the AA genotype against CD. Carriers of the rs1285933 A allele appeared to have reduced susceptibility to CD, implying that the presence of the A allele could be protective against CD development. Conclusions This is the first study to correlate the CLEC5A rs1285933 polymorphism with the risk for UC. The rs2078178 AA genotype and the CLEC7A rs16910631 CT could be promising biomarkers for UC susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelia Legaki
- Laboratory of Biology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece (Evangelia Legaki, Tilemachos Koutouratsas, Charalampos Theocharopoulos, Vivian Lagkada, Maria Gazouli)
| | - Tilemachos Koutouratsas
- Laboratory of Biology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece (Evangelia Legaki, Tilemachos Koutouratsas, Charalampos Theocharopoulos, Vivian Lagkada, Maria Gazouli)
| | - Charalampos Theocharopoulos
- Laboratory of Biology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece (Evangelia Legaki, Tilemachos Koutouratsas, Charalampos Theocharopoulos, Vivian Lagkada, Maria Gazouli)
| | - Vivian Lagkada
- Laboratory of Biology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece (Evangelia Legaki, Tilemachos Koutouratsas, Charalampos Theocharopoulos, Vivian Lagkada, Maria Gazouli)
| | - Maria Gazouli
- Laboratory of Biology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece (Evangelia Legaki, Tilemachos Koutouratsas, Charalampos Theocharopoulos, Vivian Lagkada, Maria Gazouli)
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Chen H, Chen E, Lu Y, Xu Y. Identification of immune-related genes in diagnosing retinopathy of prematurity with sepsis through bioinformatics analysis and machine learning. Front Genet 2023; 14:1264873. [PMID: 38028617 PMCID: PMC10667920 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1264873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: There is increasing evidence indicating that immune system dysregulation plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and sepsis. This study aims to identify key diagnostic candidate genes in ROP with sepsis. Methods: We obtained publicly available data on ROP and sepsis from the gene expression omnibus database. Differential analysis and weighted gene correlation network analysis (WGCNA) were performed to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and key module genes. Subsequently, we conducted functional enrichment analysis to gain insights into the biological functions and pathways. To identify immune-related pathogenic genes and potential mechanisms, we employed several machine learning algorithms, including Support Vector Machine Recursive Feature Elimination (SVM-RFE), Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO), and Random Forest (RF). We evaluated the diagnostic performance using nomogram and Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves. Furthermore, we used CIBERSORT to investigate immune cell dysregulation in sepsis and performed cMAP analysis to identify potential therapeutic drugs. Results: The sepsis dataset comprised 352 DEGs, while the ROP dataset had 307 DEGs and 420 module genes. The intersection between DEGs for sepsis and module genes for ROP consisted of 34 genes, primarily enriched in immune-related pathways. After conducting PPI network analysis and employing machine learning algorithms, we pinpointed five candidate hub genes. Subsequent evaluation using nomograms and ROC curves underscored their robust diagnostic potential. Immune cell infiltration analysis revealed immune cell dysregulation. Finally, through cMAP analysis, we identified some small molecule compounds that have the potential for sepsis treatment. Conclusion: Five immune-associated candidate hub genes (CLEC5A, KLRB1, LCN2, MCEMP1, and MMP9) were recognized, and the nomogram for the diagnosis of ROP with sepsis was developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Enguang Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yao Lu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Anhui No. 2 Provincial People’s Hospital, Anhui, Hefei, China
| | - Yu Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Wang W, Kang L, Li H, Sha X, Li J, He S. Identification of potential biomarkers associated with CD4 + T cell infiltration in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury using bioinformation analysis. J Thorac Dis 2023; 15:5613-5624. [PMID: 37969273 PMCID: PMC10636474 DOI: 10.21037/jtd-23-1335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Background Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI) is often part of clinical events such as cardiac arrest, resuscitation, and reperfusion after coronary artery occlusion. Recently, more and more studies have shown that the immune microenvironment is an integral part of ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI), and CD4+ T-cell infiltration plays an important role, but there are no relevant molecular targets for clinical diagnosis and treatment. Methods The transcriptome data and matched group information were retrieved from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The ImmuCellAI-mouse (Immune Cell Abundance Identifier for mouse) algorithm was used to calculate each symbol's CD4+ T cell infiltration score. The time period with the greatest change in the degree of CD4+ T cell infiltration [ischemia-reperfusion 6 hours (IR6h)-ischemia-reperfusion 24 hours (IR24h)] was selected for the next analysis. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) and differential expression analysis were performed to screen out CD4+ T cell-related genes and from which the gene CLEC5A was screened for the highest correlation with CD4+ T cell infiltration. The potential regulatory mechanism of CD4+ T cells in MIRI was discussed through various enrichment analysis. Finally, we analyzed the expression and molecular function (MF) of CLEC5A and its related genes in MIRI. Results A total of 406 CD4+ T cell-related genes were obtained by intersecting the results of WGCNA and differential expression analysis. Functional enrichment analysis indicated that the CD4+ T cell-related genes were mainly involved in chemokine signaling pathway and cell cycle. By constructing a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, a total of 12 hub genes were identified as candidate genes for further analysis. Through the correlation analysis between the 12 candidate genes found in the PPI network and CD4+ T cell infiltration fraction, we determined the core gene CLEC5A. Finally, a gene interaction network was constructed to decipher the biological functions of CLEC5A using GeneMANIA. Conclusions In this study, RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) data at different time points after reperfusion were subjected to a series of bioinformatics methods such as PPI network, WGCNA module, etc., and CLEC5A, a pivotal gene associated with CD4+ T-cells, was found, which may serve as a new target for diagnosis or treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenmiao Wang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
- Graduate School, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Li Kang
- School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Houqiang Li
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xinyu Sha
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Shuai He
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
- School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, China
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Li F, Wang H, Li YQ, Gu Y, Jia XM. C-type lectin receptor 2d forms homodimers and heterodimers with TLR2 to negatively regulate IRF5-mediated antifungal immunity. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6718. [PMID: 37872182 PMCID: PMC10593818 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42216-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Dimerization of C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) or Toll-like receptors (TLRs) can alter their ligand binding ability, thereby modulating immune responses. However, the possibilities and roles of dimerization between CLRs and TLRs remain unclear. Here we show that C-type lectin receptor-2d (CLEC2D) forms homodimers, as well as heterodimers with TLR2. Quantitative ligand binding assays reveal that both CLEC2D homodimers and CLEC2D/TLR2 heterodimers have a higher binding ability to fungi-derived β-glucans than TLR2 homodimers. Moreover, homo- or hetero-dimeric CLEC2D mediates β-glucan-induced ubiquitination and degradation of MyD88 to inhibit the activation of transcription factor IRF5 and subsequent IL-12 production. Clec2d-deficient female mice are resistant to infection with Candida albicans, a human fungal pathogen, owing to the increase of IL-12 production and subsequent generation of IFN-γ-producing NK cells. Together, these data indicate that CLEC2D forms homodimers or heterodimers with TLR2, which negatively regulate antifungal immunity through suppression of IRF5-mediated IL-12 production. These homo- and hetero-dimers of CLEC2D and TLR2 provide an example of receptor dimerization to regulate host innate immunity against microbial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Li
- Department of Stomatology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China
- Clinical Medicine Scientific and Technical Innovation Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China
- Key Laboratory of Pathogen-Host Interactions of the Ministry of Education of China, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Clinical Medicine Scientific and Technical Innovation Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China
- Key Laboratory of Pathogen-Host Interactions of the Ministry of Education of China, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yan-Qi Li
- Clinical Medicine Scientific and Technical Innovation Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China
- Key Laboratory of Pathogen-Host Interactions of the Ministry of Education of China, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yebo Gu
- Department of Stomatology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China.
| | - Xin-Ming Jia
- Clinical Medicine Scientific and Technical Innovation Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China.
- Key Laboratory of Pathogen-Host Interactions of the Ministry of Education of China, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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Guo A, Lin J, Zhong P, Chen J, Wang L, Lin X, Feng M. Phellopterin attenuates ovarian cancer proliferation and chemoresistance by inhibiting the PU.1/CLEC5A/PI3K-AKT feedback loop. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2023; 477:116691. [PMID: 37708916 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2023.116691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is known as the second leading cause of gynecologic cancer-associated deaths in women worldwide. Developing new and effective compounds to alleviate chemoresistance is an urgent priority in ovarian cancer. Here, we aimed to reveal the biological function and underlying mechanisms of phellopterin, a naturally sourced ingredient of Angelica dahurica, in ovarian cancer progression as well as evaluate the therapeutic potential of phellopterin in ovarian cancer patients. In this investigation, we found that phellopterin mitigated DNA replication and induced cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and DNA damage, attenuating cell proliferation and chemoresistance of ovarian cancer. Interestingly, bioinformatics analyses of data from our RNA sequencing and The Cancer Genome Atlas ovarian cancer dataset suggested that phellopterin presented anti-cancer activities in ovarian cancer cells by modulating signals affecting ovarian cancer progression and identified phellopterin as a potential compound in improving ovarian cancer patients' prognosis. In addition, the C-Type Lectin Domain Containing 5A (CLEC5A) was demonstrated as a downstream effector of phellopterin and involved in a positive PU.1/CLEC5A/PI3K-AKT feedback loop. Interestingly, phellopterin might inactivate the positive feedback circuit to suppress ovarian cancer progression. Collectively, our investigation revealed that phellopterin mitigated ovarian cancer proliferation and chemoresistance through suppressing the PU.1/CLEC5A/PI3K-AKT feedback loop, and predicted phellopterin as a new and effective cytotoxic drug and CLEC5A as a potential target for the treatment of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aihua Guo
- Department of Gynecology, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou 350014, China
| | - Jie Lin
- Department of Gynecology, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou 350014, China
| | - Peilin Zhong
- Department of Gynecology, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou 350014, China
| | - Jiyun Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou 350014, China
| | - Linghua Wang
- Department of Gynecology, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou 350014, China
| | - Xiurong Lin
- Department of Gynecology, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou 350014, China
| | - Mei Feng
- Department of Gynecology, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou 350014, China.
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11
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Puasri P, Dechkhajorn W, Dekumyoy P, Yoonuan T, Ampawong S, Reamtong O, Boonyuen U, Benjathummarak S, Maneerat Y. Regulation of immune response against third-stage Gnathostoma spinigerum larvae by human genes. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1218965. [PMID: 37600806 PMCID: PMC10436992 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1218965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Gnathostomiasis is an important zoonosis in tropical areas that is mainly caused by third-stage Gnathostoma spinigerum larvae (G. spinigerum L3). Objectives This study aimed to prove whether G. spinigerum L3 produces extracellular vesicles (EVs) and investigate human gene profiles related to the immune response against the larvae. Methods We created an immune cell model using normal human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) co-cultured with the larvae for 1 and 3 days, respectively. The PBMCs were harvested for transcriptome sequencing analysis. The EV ultrastructure was examined in the larvae and the cultured medium. Results Extracellular vesicle-like particles were observed under the larval teguments and in the pellets in the medium. RNA-seq analysis revealed that 2,847 and 3,118 genes were significantly expressed on days 1 and 3 after culture, respectively. The downregulated genes on day 1 after culture were involved in pro-inflammatory cytokines, the complement system and apoptosis, whereas those on day 3 were involved in T cell-dependent B cell activation and wound healing. Significantly upregulated genes related to cell proliferation, activation and development, as well as cytotoxicity, were observed on day 1, and genes regulating T cell maturation, granulocyte function, nuclear factor-κB and toll-like receptor pathways were predominantly observed on day 3 after culture. Conclusion G. spinigerum L3 produces EV-like particles and releases them into the excretory-secretory products. Overall, genotypic findings during our 3-day observation revealed that most significant gene expressions were related to T and B cell signalling, driving T helper 2 cells related to chronic infection, immune evasion of the larvae, and the pathogenesis of gnathostomiasis. Further in-depth studies are necessary to clarify gene functions in the pathogenesis and immune evasion mechanisms of the infective larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pattarasuda Puasri
- Department of Tropical Pathology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Wilanee Dechkhajorn
- Department of Tropical Pathology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Paron Dekumyoy
- Department of Helminthology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Tippayarat Yoonuan
- Department of Helminthology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sumate Ampawong
- Department of Tropical Pathology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Onrapak Reamtong
- Department of Molecular Tropical Medicine and Genetics, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Usa Boonyuen
- Department of Molecular Tropical Medicine and Genetics, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Surachet Benjathummarak
- Center of Excellence for Antibody Research (CEAR), Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Yaowapa Maneerat
- Department of Tropical Pathology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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12
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Furuya H, Nguyen CT, Gu R, Hsieh SL, Maverakis E, Adamopoulos IE. Interleukin-23 Regulates Inflammatory Osteoclastogenesis via Activation of CLEC5A(+) Osteoclast Precursors. Arthritis Rheumatol 2023; 75:1477-1489. [PMID: 36787107 PMCID: PMC10423744 DOI: 10.1002/art.42478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of interleukin-23 (IL-23) in pathologic bone remodeling in inflammatory arthritis. METHODS In this study we investigated the role of IL-23 in osteoclast differentiation and activation using in vivo gene transfer techniques in wild-type and myeloid DNAX-activation protein 12-associating lectin-1 (MDL-1)-deficient mice, and by performing in vitro and in vivo osteoclastogenesis assays using spectral flow cytometry, micro-computed tomography analysis, Western blotting, and immunoprecipitation. RESULTS Herein, we show that IL-23 induces the expansion of a myeloid osteoclast precursor population and supports osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption in inflammatory arthritis. Genetic ablation of C-type lectin domain family member 5A, also known as MDL-1, prevents the induction of osteoclast precursors by IL-23 that is associated with bone destruction, as commonly observed in inflammatory arthritis. Moreover, osteoclasts derived from the bone marrow of MDL-1-deficient mice showed impaired osteoclastogenesis, and MDL-1-/- mice had increased bone mineral density. CONCLUSION Our data show that IL-23 signaling regulates the availability of osteoclast precursors in inflammatory arthritis that could be effectively targeted for the treatment of inflammatory bone loss in inflammatory arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Furuya
- Department of Rheumatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School
| | - Cuong Thach Nguyen
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California at Davis
| | - Ran Gu
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California at Davis
| | - Shie-Liang Hsieh
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Emanual Maverakis
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Iannis E Adamopoulos
- Department of Rheumatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California at Davis
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13
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Kong C, Zhu Y, Xie X, Wu J, Qian M. Six potential biomarkers in septic shock: a deep bioinformatics and prospective observational study. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1184700. [PMID: 37359526 PMCID: PMC10285480 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1184700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Septic shock occurs when sepsis is related to severe hypotension and leads to a remarkable high number of deaths. The early diagnosis of septic shock is essential to reduce mortality. High-quality biomarkers can be objectively measured and evaluated as indicators to accurately predict disease diagnosis. However, single-gene prediction efficiency is inadequate; therefore, we identified a risk-score model based on gene signature to elevate predictive efficiency. Methods The gene expression profiles of GSE33118 and GSE26440 were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. These two datasets were merged, and the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified using the limma package in R software. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichments of DEGs were performed. Subsequently, Lasso regression and Boruta feature selection algorithm were combined to identify the hub genes of septic shock. GSE9692 was then subjected to weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) to identify the septic shock-related gene modules. Subsequently, the genes within such modules that matched with septic shock-related DEGs were identified as the hub genes of septic shock. To further understand the function and signaling pathways of hub genes, we performed gene set variation analysis (GSVA) and then used the CIBERSORT tool to analyze the immune cell infiltration pattern of diseases. The diagnostic value of hub genes in septic shock was determined using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis and verified using quantitative PCR (qPCR) and Western blotting in our hospital patients with septic shock. Results A total of 975 DEGs in the GSE33118 and GSE26440 databases were obtained, of which 30 DEGs were remarkably upregulated. With the use of Lasso regression and Boruta feature selection algorithm, six hub genes (CD177, CLEC5A, CYSTM1, MCEMP1, MMP8, and RGL4) with expression differences in septic shock were screened as potential diagnostic markers for septic shock among the significant DEGs and were further validated in the GSE9692 dataset. WGCNA was used to identify the co-expression modules and module-trait correlation. Enrichment analysis showed significant enrichment in the reactive oxygen species pathway, hypoxia, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases (PI3K)/Protein Kinase B (AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling, nuclear factor-κβ/tumor necrosis factor alpha (NF-κβ/TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6)/Janus Kinase (JAK)/Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling pathways. The receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) of these signature genes was 0.938, 0.914, 0.939, 0.956, 0.932, and 0.914, respectively. In the immune cell infiltration analysis, the infiltration of M0 macrophages, activated mast cells, neutrophils, CD8 T cells, and naive B cells was more significant in the septic shock group. In addition, higher expression levels of CD177, CLEC5A, CYSTM1, MCEMP1, MMP8, and RGL4 messenger RNA (mRNA) were observed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) isolated from septic shock patients than from healthy donors. Higher expression levels of CD177 and MMP8 proteins were also observed in the PBMCs isolated from septic shock patients than from control participants. Conclusions CD177, CLEC5A, CYSTM1, MCEMP1, MMP8, and RGL4 were identified as hub genes, which were of considerable value in the early diagnosis of septic shock patients. These preliminary findings are of great significance for studying immune cell infiltration in the pathogenesis of septic shock, which should be further validated in clinical studies and basic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Kong
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yurun Zhu
- Department of Anesthesia, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaofan Xie
- Department of Anesthesia, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiayu Wu
- Department of General Practice, Central Health Center of Yayang Town, Taishun County (Yayang Branch of Medical Community of Taishun County People’s Hospital), Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Meizi Qian
- Department of Anesthesia, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Treatment and Life Support for Critical Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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14
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Wang HW, Li HH, Wu SC, Tang CK, Yu HY, Chang YC, Sung PS, Liu WL, Su MP, Yu GY, Huang LR, Chen CH, Hsieh SL. CLEC5A mediates Zika virus-induced testicular damage. J Biomed Sci 2023; 30:12. [PMID: 36803804 PMCID: PMC9936774 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-023-00906-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Zika virus (ZIKV) infection is clinically known to induce testicular swelling, termed orchitis, and potentially impact male sterility, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Previous reports suggested that C-type lectins play important roles in mediating virus-induced inflammatory reactions and pathogenesis. We thus investigated whether C-type lectins modulate ZIKV-induced testicular damage. METHODS C-type lectin domain family 5 member A (CLEC5A) knockout mice were generated in a STAT1-deficient immunocompromised background (denoted clec5a-/-stat1-/-) to enable testing of the role played by CLEC5A after ZIKV infection in a mosquito-to-mouse disease model. Following ZIKV infection, mice were subjected to an array of analyses to evaluate testicular damage, including ZIKV infectivity and neutrophil infiltration estimation via quantitative RT-PCR or histology and immunohistochemistry, inflammatory cytokine and testosterone detection, and spermatozoon counting. Furthermore, DNAX-activating proteins for 12 kDa (DAP12) knockout mice (dap12-/-stat1-/-) were generated and used to evaluate ZIKV infectivity, inflammation, and spermatozoa function in order to investigate the potential mechanisms engaged by CLEC5A. RESULTS Compared to experiments conducted in ZIKV-infected stat1-/- mice, infected clec5a-/-stat1-/- mice showed reductions in testicular ZIKV titer, local inflammation and apoptosis in testis and epididymis, neutrophil invasion, and sperm count and motility. CLEC5A, a myeloid pattern recognition receptor, therefore appears involved in the pathogenesis of ZIKV-induced orchitis and oligospermia. Furthermore, DAP12 expression was found to be decreased in the testis and epididymis tissues of clec5a-/-stat1-/- mice. As for CLEC5A deficient mice, ZIKV-infected DAP12-deficient mice also showed reductions in testicular ZIKV titer and local inflammation, as well as improved spermatozoa function, as compared to controls. CLEC5A-associated DAP12 signaling appears to in part regulate ZIKV-induced testicular damage. CONCLUSIONS Our analyses reveal a critical role for CLEC5A in ZIKV-induced proinflammatory responses, as CLEC5A enables leukocytes to infiltrate past the blood-testis barrier and induce testicular and epididymal tissue damage. CLEC5A is thus a potential therapeutic target for the prevention of injuries to male reproductive organs in ZIKV patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Wei Wang
- grid.59784.370000000406229172National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, 350401 Taiwan ,grid.59784.370000000406229172National Mosquito-Borne Diseases Control Research Center, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, 350401 Taiwan
| | - Hsing-Han Li
- grid.59784.370000000406229172National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, 350401 Taiwan ,grid.59784.370000000406229172National Mosquito-Borne Diseases Control Research Center, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, 350401 Taiwan ,grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Division of Biological Sciences, Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
| | - Shih-Cheng Wu
- grid.59784.370000000406229172National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, 350401 Taiwan ,grid.19188.390000 0004 0546 0241Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10048 Taiwan ,grid.412094.a0000 0004 0572 7815Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10021 Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Kang Tang
- grid.59784.370000000406229172National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, 350401 Taiwan ,grid.260542.70000 0004 0532 3749Program of Plant Protection and Health, Academy of Circular Economy, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402202 Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ying Yu
- grid.59784.370000000406229172National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, 350401 Taiwan ,grid.19188.390000 0004 0546 0241Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617 Taiwan
| | - Ya-Chen Chang
- grid.59784.370000000406229172National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, 350401 Taiwan
| | - Pei-Shan Sung
- grid.28665.3f0000 0001 2287 1366Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529 Taiwan
| | - Wei-Liang Liu
- grid.59784.370000000406229172National Mosquito-Borne Diseases Control Research Center, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, 350401 Taiwan
| | - Matthew P. Su
- grid.27476.300000 0001 0943 978XDepartment of Biological Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8602 Japan ,grid.27476.300000 0001 0943 978XInstitute for Advanced Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601 Japan
| | - Guann-Yi Yu
- grid.59784.370000000406229172National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, 350401 Taiwan
| | - Li-Rung Huang
- grid.59784.370000000406229172Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, 350401 Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hong Chen
- grid.59784.370000000406229172National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, 350401 Taiwan ,grid.59784.370000000406229172National Mosquito-Borne Diseases Control Research Center, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, 350401 Taiwan
| | - Shie-Liang Hsieh
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan. .,Immunology Research Center, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli, 35053, Taiwan. .,Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan. .,Department of Medical Research and Education, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, 11217, Taiwan. .,Institute of Immunology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan.
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15
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Wang X, Guo Z, Wang Z, Liao H, Wang Z, Chen F, Wang Z. Diagnostic and predictive values of pyroptosis-related genes in sepsis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1105399. [PMID: 36817458 PMCID: PMC9932037 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1105399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Sepsis is an organ dysfunction syndrome caused by the body's dysregulated response to infection. Yet, due to the heterogeneity of this disease process, the diagnosis and definition of sepsis is a critical issue in clinical work. Existing methods for early diagnosis of sepsis have low specificity. Aims This study evaluated the diagnostic and predictive values of pyroptosis-related genes in normal and sepsis patients and their role in the immune microenvironment using multiple bioinformatics analyses and machine-learning methods. Methods Pediatric sepsis microarray datasets were screened from the GEO database and the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with pyroptosis were analyzed. DEGs were then subjected to multiple bioinformatics analyses. The differential immune landscape between sepsis and healthy controls was explored by screening diagnostic genes using various machine-learning models. Also, the diagnostic value of these diagnosis-related genes in sepsis (miRNAs that have regulatory relationships with genes and related drugs that have regulatory relationships) were analyzed in the internal test set and external test. Results Eight genes (CLEC5A, MALT1, NAIP, NLRC4, SERPINB1, SIRT1, STAT3, and TLR2) related to sepsis diagnosis were screened by multiple machine learning algorithms. The CIBERSORT algorithm confirmed that these genes were significantly correlated with the infiltration abundance of some immune cells and immune checkpoint sites (all P<0.05). SIRT1, STAT3, and TLR2 were identified by the DGIdb database as potentially regulated by multiple drugs. Finally, 7 genes were verified to have significantly different expressions between the sepsis group and the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion The pyroptosis-related genes identified and verified in this study may provide a useful reference for the prediction and assessment of sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuesong Wang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhe Guo
- School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Ziyi Wang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Haiyan Liao
- School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Ziwen Wang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Chen
- School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhong Wang
- Department of General Medicine, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital affiliated to Tsinghua University, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Zhong Wang,
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[Overexpression of CLEC5A inhibits cell proliferation and metastasis and reverses epithelial-mesenchymal transition in hepatocellular carcinoma]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2023; 43:85-91. [PMID: 36856214 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2023.01.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of CLEC5A expression level on cell proliferation, migration and invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and explore the role of CLEC5A in the tumorigenesis and progression of HCC. METHODS The expression level of CLEC5A was detected in 50 pairs of HCC and adjacent tissues using immunohistochemical staining, and its association with clinicopathological parameters of HCC patients was analyzed. Cultured HCC cell line SK-HEP-1 was transfected with a lentiviral vector overexpressing CLEC5A, and the transfection efficiency was verified using real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR and Western blotting. The changes in proliferation, migration and invasion abilities of the transfected cells were analyzed using CCK-8, 5-ethynyl-29-deoxyuridine (EdU) and Transwell assays, and EMT of the cells was determined using Western blotting. RESULTS The protein expression level of CLEC5A was significantly lower in HCC tissues than in the adjacent tissues (P < 0.001). The expression level of CLEC5A was significantly correlated with tumor size (P=0.008), tumor number (P=0.010), histological differentiation (P=0.016), microvascular invasion (P=0.024) and BCLC stage (P=0.040). In SK-HEP-1 cells, overexpression of CLEC5A obviously inhibited the cell proliferation, migration and invasion and reversed EMT phenotype of the cells. CONCLUSION CLEC5A is a potential HCC suppressor gene and may serve as a promising therapeutic target for HCC.
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Tarasova O, Biziukova N, Shemshura A, Filimonov D, Kireev D, Pokrovskaya A, Poroikov VV. Identification of Molecular Mechanisms Involved in Viral Infection Progression Based on Text Mining: Case Study for HIV Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021465. [PMID: 36674980 PMCID: PMC9862153 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Viruses cause various infections that may affect human lifestyle for durations ranging from several days to for many years. Although preventative and therapeutic remedies are available for many viruses, they may still have a profound impact on human life. The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 is the most common cause of HIV infection, which represents one of the most dangerous and complex diseases since it affects the immune system and causes its disruption, leading to secondary complications and negatively influencing health-related quality of life. While highly active antiretroviral therapy may decrease the viral load and the velocity of HIV infection progression, some individual peculiarities may affect viral load control or the progression of T-cell malfunction induced by HIV. Our study is aimed at the text-based identification of molecular mechanisms that may be involved in viral infection progression, using HIV as a case study. Specifically, we identified human proteins and genes which commonly occurred, overexpressed or underexpressed, in the collections of publications relevant to (i) HIV infection progression and (ii) acute and chronic stages of HIV infection. Then, we considered biological processes that are controlled by the identified protein and genes. We verified the impact of the identified molecules in the associated clinical study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Tarasova
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 10 Bldg. 8, Pogodinskaya Str., 119121 Moscow, Russia
| | - Nadezhda Biziukova
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 10 Bldg. 8, Pogodinskaya Str., 119121 Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey Shemshura
- Federal Budget Public Health Institution “Clinical Center of HIV/AIDS Treatment and Prevention” of the Ministry of Health of Krasnodar Region, 204/2, im. Mitrofana Sedina Str., 350000 Krasnodar, Russia
| | - Dmitry Filimonov
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 10 Bldg. 8, Pogodinskaya Str., 119121 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry Kireev
- Federal Budget Institution of Science «Central Research Institute for Epidemiology» of the Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, Novogireevskaya Str., 3A, 111123 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasia Pokrovskaya
- Federal Budget Institution of Science «Central Research Institute for Epidemiology» of the Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, Novogireevskaya Str., 3A, 111123 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Infectious Diseases with Courses of Epidemiology and Phthisiology, Medical Institute, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, 6 Miklukho-Maklaya Str., 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir V. Poroikov
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 10 Bldg. 8, Pogodinskaya Str., 119121 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence:
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Li S, Zhang Q, Li J, Weng L. Comprehensive analysis of autoimmune-related genes in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis from the perspective of 3P medicine. EPMA J 2022; 13:699-723. [PMID: 36505891 PMCID: PMC9727070 DOI: 10.1007/s13167-022-00299-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Although growing evidence suggests close correlations between autoimmunity and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), no studies have reported on autoimmune-related genes (ARGs) from the perspective of the prognostic assessment of ALS. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the circulating ARD signature could be identified as a reliable biomarker for ALS survival for predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine. Methods The whole blood transcriptional profiles and clinical characteristics of 454 ALS patients were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. A total of 4371 ARGs were obtained from GAAD and DisGeNET databases. Wilcoxon test and multivariate Cox regression were applied to identify the differentially expressed and prognostic ARGs. Then, unsupervised clustering was performed to classify patients into two distinct autoimmune-related clusters. PCA method was used to calculate the autoimmune index. LASSO and multivariate Cox regression was performed to establish risk model to predict overall survival for ALS patients. A ceRNA regulatory network was then constructed for regulating the model genes. Finally, we performed single-cell analysis to explore the expression of model genes in mutant SOD1 mice and methylation analysis in ALS patients. Results Based on the expressions of 85 prognostic ARGs, two autoimmune-related clusters with various biological features, immune characteristics, and survival outcome were determined. Cluster 1 with a worsen prognosis was more active in immune-related biological pathways and immune infiltration than Cluster 2. A higher autoimmune index was associated with a better prognosis than a lower autoimmune index, and there were significant adverse correlations between the autoimmune index and immune infiltrating cells and immune responses. Nine model genes (KIF17, CD248, ENG, BTNL2, CLEC5A, ADORA3, PRDX5, AIM2, and XKR8) were selected to construct prognostic risk signature, indicating potent potential for survival prediction in ALS. Nomogram integrating risk model and clinical characteristics could predict the prognosis more accurately than other clinicopathological features. We constructed a ceRNA regulatory network for the model genes, including five lncRNAs, four miRNAs, and five mRNAs. Conclusion Expression of ARGs is correlated with immune characteristics of ALS, and seven ARG signatures may have practical application as an independent prognostic factor in patients with ALS, which may serve as target for the future prognostic assessment, targeted prevention, patient stratification, and personalization of medical services in ALS. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13167-022-00299-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shifu Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Street, Changsha, 410008 Hunan China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Street, Changsha, 410008 Hunan China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Street, Changsha, 410008 Hunan China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Street, Changsha, 410008 Hunan China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Street, Changsha, 410008 Hunan China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Street, Changsha, 410008 Hunan China
- Hydrocephalus Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Street, Changsha, 410008 Hunan China
| | - Ling Weng
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Street, Changsha, 410008 Hunan China
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Street, Changsha, 410008 Hunan China
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19
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Ansari SA, Dantoft W, Ruiz-Orera J, Syed AP, Blachut S, van Heesch S, Hübner N, Uhlenhaut NH. Integrative analysis of macrophage ribo-Seq and RNA-Seq data define glucocorticoid receptor regulated inflammatory response genes into distinct regulatory classes. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2022; 20:5622-5638. [PMID: 36284713 PMCID: PMC9582734 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2022.09.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids such as dexamethasone (Dex) are widely used to treat both acute and chronic inflammatory conditions. They regulate immune responses by dampening cell-mediated immunity in a glucocorticoid receptor (GR)-dependent manner, by suppressing the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines and by stimulating the expression of anti-inflammatory mediators. Despite its evident clinical benefit, the mechanistic underpinnings of the gene regulatory networks transcriptionally controlled by GR in a context-specific manner remain mysterious. Next generation sequencing methods such mRNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and Ribosome profiling (ribo-seq) provide tools to investigate the transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms that govern gene expression. Here, we integrate matched RNA-seq data with ribo-seq data from human acute monocytic leukemia (THP-1) cells treated with the TLR4 ligand lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and with Dex, to investigate the global transcriptional and translational regulation (translational efficiency, ΔTE) of Dex-responsive genes. We find that the expression of most of the Dex-responsive genes are regulated at both the transcriptional and the post-transcriptional level, with the transcriptional changes intensified on the translational level. Overrepresentation pathway analysis combined with STRING protein network analysis and manual functional exploration, identified these genes to encode immune effectors and immunomodulators that contribute to macrophage-mediated immunity and to the maintenance of macrophage-mediated immune homeostasis. Further research into the translational regulatory network underlying the GR anti-inflammatory response could pave the way for the development of novel immunomodulatory therapeutic regimens with fewer undesirable side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhail A. Ansari
- Institute for Diabetes and Endocrinology (IDE), Helmholtz Center Munich (HMGU) and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Widad Dantoft
- Institute for Diabetes and Endocrinology (IDE), Helmholtz Center Munich (HMGU) and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jorge Ruiz-Orera
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Afzal P. Syed
- Institute for Diabetes and Endocrinology (IDE), Helmholtz Center Munich (HMGU) and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Susanne Blachut
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastiaan van Heesch
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Heidelberglaan 25, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Norbert Hübner
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany,Charite-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nina Henriette Uhlenhaut
- Institute for Diabetes and Endocrinology (IDE), Helmholtz Center Munich (HMGU) and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany,Metabolic Programming, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, ZIEL – Institute for Food and Health, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Freising, Germany,Corresponding author.
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20
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Huang J, Hong W, Wan M, Zheng L. Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic target of NETosis in diseases. MedComm (Beijing) 2022; 3:e162. [PMID: 36000086 PMCID: PMC9390875 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence shows that neutrophils can protect the host against pathogens in multiple ways, including the formation and release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). NETs are web‐like structures composed of fibers, DNA, histones, and various neutrophil granule proteins. NETs can capture and kill pathogens, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa. The process of NET formation is called NETosis. According to whether they depend on nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH), NETosis can be divided into two categories: “suicidal” NETosis and “vital” NETosis. However, NET components, including neutrophil elastase, myeloperoxidase, and cell‐free DNA, cause a proinflammatory response and potentially severe diseases. Compelling evidence indicates a link between NETs and the pathogenesis of a number of diseases, including sepsis, systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, small‐vessel vasculitis, inflammatory bowel disease, cancer, COVID‐19, and others. Therefore, targeting the process and products of NETosis is critical for treating diseases linked with NETosis. Researchers have discovered that several NET inhibitors, such as toll‐like receptor inhibitors and reactive oxygen species scavengers, can prevent uncontrolled NET development. This review summarizes the mechanism of NETosis, the receptors associated with NETosis, the pathology of NETosis‐induced diseases, and NETosis‐targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Huang
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Weiqi Hong
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Meihua Wan
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan China
| | - Limin Zheng
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation School of Life Sciences Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center Guangzhou China
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21
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Sung PS, Peng YC, Yang SP, Chiu CH, Hsieh SL. CLEC5A is critical in Pseudomonas aeruginosa-induced acute lung injury. JCI Insight 2022; 7:156613. [PMID: 36048544 PMCID: PMC9676025 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.156613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most common nosocomial infections worldwide, and it frequently causes ventilator-associated acute pneumonia in immunocompromised patients. Abundant neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) contribute to acute lung injury, thereby aggravating ventilator-induced lung damage. While pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) TLR4 and TLR5 are required for host defense against P. aeruginosa invasion, the PRR responsible for P. aeruginosa–induced NET formation, proinflammatory cytokine release, and acute lung injury remains unclear. We found that myeloid C-type lectin domain family 5 member A (CLEC5A) interacts with LPS of P. aeruginosa and is responsible for P. aeruginosa–induced NET formation and lung inflammation. P. aeruginosa activates CLEC5A to induce caspase-1–dependent NET formation, but it neither causes gasdermin D (GSDMD) cleavage nor contributes to P. aeruginosa–induced neutrophil death. Blockade of CLEC5A attenuates P. aeruginosa–induced NETosis and lung injury, and simultaneous administration of anti-CLEC5A mAb with ciprofloxacin increases survival rate and decreases collagen deposition in the lungs of mice challenged with a lethal dose of P. aeruginosa. Thus, CLEC5A is a promising therapeutic target to reduce ventilator-associated lung injury and fibrosis in P. aeruginosa–induced pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Shan Sung
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chun Peng
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Ping Yang
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hsun Chiu
- Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Children's Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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22
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Chen R, Wu W, Chen SY, Liu ZZ, Wen ZP, Yu J, Zhang LB, Liu Z, Zhang J, Luo P, Zeng WJ, Cheng Q. A Pan-Cancer Analysis Reveals CLEC5A as a Biomarker for Cancer Immunity and Prognosis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:831542. [PMID: 35979347 PMCID: PMC9376251 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.831542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background CLEC5A is a member of the C-type lectin superfamily. It can activate macrophages and lead to a series of immune-inflammation reactions. Previous studies reveal the role of CLEC5A in infection and inflammation diseases. Method We acquire and analyze data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) database, and other comprehensive databases via GSCALite, cBioPortal, and TIMER 2.0 platforms or software. Single-cell sequencing analysis was performed for quantifying the tumor microenvironment of several types of cancers. Results CLEC5A is differentially expressed in a few cancer types, of which overexpression accompanies low overall survival of patients. DNA methylation mainly negatively correlates with CLEC5A expression. Moreover, CLEC5A is positively related to immune infiltration, including macrophages, cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), and regulatory T cells (Tregs). Immune checkpoint genes are significantly associated with CLEC5A expression in diverse cancers. In addition, CLEC5A expression correlates with mismatch repair (MMR) in several cancers. Tumor mutation burden (TMB), microsatellite instability (MSI), and neoantigens show a positive association with CLEC5A expression in several cancers. Furthermore, CLEC5A in cancer correlates with signal transduction, the immune system, EMT, and apoptosis process. The drug sensitivity analysis screens out potential therapeutic agents associated with CLEC5A expression, including FR-180204, Tivozanib, OSI-930, Linifanib, AC220, VNLG/124, Bexarotene, omacetaxine mepesuccinate, narciclasine, leptomycin B, PHA-793887, LRRK2-IN-1, and CR-1-31B. Conclusion CLEC5A overexpresses in multiple cancers in contrast to normal tissues, and high CLEC5A expression predicts poor prognosis of patients and immune infiltration. CLEC5A is a potential prognostic biomarker of diverse cancers and a target for anti-tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Wantao Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Si-Yu Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zheng-Zheng Liu
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhi-Peng Wen
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jing Yu
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Long-Bo Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, and Department of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Zaoqu Liu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng Luo
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Jing Zeng
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Quan Cheng, ; Wen-Jing Zeng,
| | - Quan Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Quan Cheng, ; Wen-Jing Zeng,
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23
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Ebeyer-Masotta M, Eichhorn T, Weiss R, Lauková L, Weber V. Activated Platelets and Platelet-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Mediate COVID-19-Associated Immunothrombosis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:914891. [PMID: 35874830 PMCID: PMC9299085 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.914891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Activated platelets and platelet-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as central players in thromboembolic complications associated with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Platelets bridge hemostatic, inflammatory, and immune responses by their ability to sense pathogens via various pattern recognition receptors, and they respond to infection through a diverse repertoire of mechanisms. Dysregulated platelet activation, however, can lead to immunothrombosis, a simultaneous overactivation of blood coagulation and the innate immune response. Mediators released by activated platelets in response to infection, such as antimicrobial peptides, high mobility group box 1 protein, platelet factor 4 (PF4), and PF4+ extracellular vesicles promote neutrophil activation, resulting in the release of neutrophil extracellular traps and histones. Many of the factors released during platelet and neutrophil activation are positively charged and interact with endogenous heparan sulfate or exogenously administered heparin via electrostatic interactions or via specific binding sites. Here, we review the current state of knowledge regarding the involvement of platelets and platelet-derived EVs in the pathogenesis of immunothrombosis, and we discuss the potential of extracorporeal therapies using adsorbents functionalized with heparin to deplete platelet-derived and neutrophil-derived mediators of immunothrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Ebeyer-Masotta
- Center for Biomedical Technology, Department for Biomedical Research, University for Continuing Education Krems, Krems, Austria
| | - Tanja Eichhorn
- Center for Biomedical Technology, Department for Biomedical Research, University for Continuing Education Krems, Krems, Austria
| | - René Weiss
- Center for Biomedical Technology, Department for Biomedical Research, University for Continuing Education Krems, Krems, Austria
| | - Lucia Lauková
- Center for Biomedical Technology, Department for Biomedical Research, University for Continuing Education Krems, Krems, Austria
| | - Viktoria Weber
- Center for Biomedical Technology, Department for Biomedical Research, University for Continuing Education Krems, Krems, Austria
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24
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Sung PS, Yang SP, Peng YC, Sun CP, Tao MH, Hsieh SL. CLEC5A and TLR2 are critical in SARS-CoV-2-induced NET formation and lung inflammation. J Biomed Sci 2022; 29:52. [PMID: 35820906 PMCID: PMC9277873 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-022-00832-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Coronavirus-induced disease 19 (COVID-19) infects more than three hundred and sixty million patients worldwide, and people with severe symptoms frequently die of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Recent studies indicated that excessive neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) contributed to immunothrombosis, thereby leading to extensive intravascular coagulopathy and multiple organ dysfunction. Thus, understanding the mechanism of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-induced NET formation would be helpful to reduce thrombosis and prevent ARDS in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Methods We incubated SARS-CoV-2 with neutrophils in the presence or absence of platelets to observe NET formation. We further isolated extracellular vesicles from COVID-19 patients' sera (COVID-19-EVs) to examine their ability to induce NET formation. Results We demonstrated that antagonistic mAbs against anti-CLEC5A mAb and anti-TLR2 mAb can inhibit COVID-19-EVs-induced NET formation, and generated clec5a−/−/tlr2−/− mice to confirm the critical roles of CLEC5A and TLR2 in SARS-CoV-2-induced lung inflammation in vivo. We found that virus-free extracellular COVID-19 EVs induced robust NET formation via Syk-coupled C-type lectin member 5A (CLEC5A) and TLR2. Blockade of CLEC5A inhibited COVID-19 EVs-induced NETosis, and simultaneous blockade of CLEC5A and TLR2 further suppressed SARS-CoV-2-induced NETosis in vitro. Moreover, thromboinflammation was attenuated dramatically in clec5a−/−/tlr2−/− mice. Conclusions This study demonstrates that SARS-CoV-2-activated platelets produce EVs to enhance thromboinflammation via CLEC5A and TLR2, and highlight the importance of CLEC5A and TLR2 as therapeutic targets to reduce the risk of ARDS in COVID-19 patients. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12929-022-00832-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Shan Sung
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Sec. 2, Nankang, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Ping Yang
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Sec. 2, Nankang, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chun Peng
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Sec. 2, Nankang, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Pu Sun
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mi-Hwa Tao
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shie-Liang Hsieh
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Sec. 2, Nankang, Taipei, 115, Taiwan. .,Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Developmentally distinct CD4 + T reg lineages shape the CD8 + T cell response to acute Listeria infection. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2113329119. [PMID: 35239442 PMCID: PMC8915796 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2113329119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The CD4+ Treg response following acute Listeria infection is heterogeneous and deploys two distinct modes of suppression coinciding with initial pathogen exposure and resolution of infection. This bimodal suppression of CD8+ T cells during priming and contraction is mediated by separate Treg lineages. These findings make a significant contribution to our understanding of the functional plasticity inherent within Tregs, which allows these cells to serve as a sensitive and dynamic cellular rheostat for the immune system to prevent autoimmune pathology in the face of inflammation attendant to acute infection, enable expansion of the pathogen-specific response needed to control the infection, and reestablish immune homeostasis after the threat has been contained. CD4+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) must prevent immunopathology by cytotoxic CD8+ T lymphocytes (CTLs) responding to acute infection and restore immune homeostasis following pathogen clearance, yet little is known about the specific populations or mechanisms governing these discrete events. We found that acute Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes) infection produces a phenotypically and functionally complex Treg response comprising two separate suppressor cell subpopulations, with an early Treg peak occurring at 24 h postinfection and a later peak arising by day 7. The first wave of Tregs suppress primary CTL expansion via a contact-independent mechanism involving CD73-derived adenosine (Ado) production from extracellular adenosine monophosphate (5′-AMP), while the second originates from different precursors and acts throughout the contraction phase via contact-dependent gap junction transfer of 3′,5′-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)—both potent inhibitors of T cell proliferation. We speculate that the early activation of CD73 on Tregs is enhanced in inflamed tissues due to high purine release from apoptotic cells, whereas late-phase gap junction–dependent Tregs rely more on cell number and less on tissue inflammation. This study importantly reveals that CTL priming and contraction phases are separately fine-tuned by developmentally distinct Treg lineages during an acute infection.
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Zhou C, Zou Y, Zhang Y, Teng S, Ye K. Involvement of CCN1 Protein and TLR2/4 Signaling Pathways in Intestinal Epithelial Cells Response to Listeria monocytogenes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052739. [PMID: 35269881 PMCID: PMC8911323 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
CCN1 is well studied in terms of its functions in injury repair, cell adhesion survival and apoptosis, bacterial clearance and mediation of inflammation-related pathways, such as the TLR2/4 pathways. However, the role of CCN1 protein and its interaction with TLR2/4 pathways in intestinal epithelial cells was not elucidated after Listeria monocytogenes infection. The results of this study confirm that L. monocytogenes infection induced intestinal inflammation and increased the protein expression of CCN1, TLR2, TLR4 and p38, which followed a similar tendency in the expression of genes related to the TLR2/4 pathways. In addition, organoids infected by L. monocytogenes showed a significant increase in the expression of CCN1 and the activation of TLR2/4 pathways. Furthermore, pre-treatment with CCN1 protein to organoids infected by L. monocytogenes could increase the related genes of TLR2/4 pathways and up-regulate the expression of TNF, and increase the count of pathogens in organoids, which indicates that the interaction between the CCN1 protein and TLR2/4 signaling pathways in intestinal epithelial cells occurred after L. monocytogenes infection. This study will provide a novel insight of the role of CCN1 protein after L. monocytogenes infection in the intestine.
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Activation of the Innate Immune Checkpoint CLEC5A on Myeloid Cells in the Absence of Danger Signals Modulates Macrophages’ Function but Does Not Trigger the Adaptive T Cell Immune Response. J Immunol Res 2022; 2022:9926305. [PMID: 35252461 PMCID: PMC8896916 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9926305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
C-Type lectin receptor 5A (CLEC5A) is a spleen tyrosine kinase- (Syk-) coupled pattern recognition receptor expressed on myeloid cells and involved in the innate immune response to viral and bacterial infections. Activation of the CLEC5A receptor with pathogen-derived antigens leads to a secretion of proinflammatory mediators such as TNF-α and IL-6 that may provoke a systemic cytokine storm, and CLEC5A gene polymorphisms are associated with the severity of DV infection. In addition, the CLEC5A receptor was mentioned in the context of noninfectious disorders like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or arthritis. Altogether, CLEC5A may be considered as an innate immune checkpoint capable to amplify proinflammatory signals, and this way contributes to infection or to aseptic inflammation. In this study, we determined CLEC5A receptor expression on different macrophage subsets (in vitro and ex vivo) and the functional consequences of its activation in aseptic conditions. The CLEC5A surface expression appeared the highest on proinflammatory M1 macrophages while intermediate on tumor-associated phenotypes (M2c or TAM). In contrast, the CLEC5A expression on ex vivo-derived alveolar macrophages from healthy donors or macrophages from ovarian cancer patients was hardly detectable. Targeting CLEC5A on noninflammatory macrophages with an agonistic α-CLEC5A antibody triggered a release of proinflammatory cytokines, resembling a response to dengue virus, and led to phenotypic changes in myeloid cells that may suggest their reprogramming towards a proinflammatory phenotype, e.g., upregulation of CD80 and downregulation of CD163. Interestingly, the CLEC5A agonist upregulated immune-regulatory molecules like CD206, PD-L1, and cytokines like IL-10, macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC/CCL22), and thymus and activation chemokine (TARC/CCL17) which are associated with an anti-inflammatory or a protumorigenic macrophage phenotype. In the absence of concomitant pathogenic or endogenous danger signals, the CLEC5A receptor activation did not amplify an autologous T cell response, which may represent a protective innate mechanism to avoid an undesirable autoimmune adaptive response.
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Chen T, Li Y, Sun R, Hu H, Liu Y, Herrmann M, Zhao Y, Muñoz LE. Receptor-Mediated NETosis on Neutrophils. Front Immunol 2021; 12:775267. [PMID: 34804066 PMCID: PMC8600110 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.775267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), a web-like structures containing chromatin, have a significant role in assisting the capture and killing of microorganisms by neutrophils during infection. The specific engagement of cell-surface receptors by extracellular signaling molecules activates diverse intracellular signaling cascades and regulates neutrophil effector functions, including phagocytosis, reactive oxygen species release, degranulation, and NET formation. However, overproduction of NETs is closely related to the occurrence of inflammation, autoimmune disorders, non-canonical thrombosis and tumor metastasis. Therefore, it is necessary to understand neutrophil activation signals and the subsequent formation of NETs, as well as the related immune regulation. In this review, we provide an overview of the immunoreceptor-mediated regulation of NETosis. The pathways involved in the release of NETs during infection or stimulation by noninfectious substances are discussed in detail. The mechanisms by which neutrophils undergo NETosis help to refine our views on the roles of NETs in immune protection and autoimmune diseases, providing a theoretical basis for research on the immune regulation of NETs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Chen
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Rare Diseases Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanhong Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Rare Diseases Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Rui Sun
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Rare Diseases Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Huifang Hu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Rare Diseases Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Rare Diseases Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Martin Herrmann
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Yi Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Rare Diseases Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Luis E Muñoz
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
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29
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Willment JA. Fc-conjugated C-type lectin receptors: Tools for understanding host-pathogen interactions. Mol Microbiol 2021; 117:632-660. [PMID: 34709692 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.14837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The use of soluble fusion proteins of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) used in the detection of exogenous and endogenous ligands has helped resolve the roles of PRRs in the innate immune response to pathogens, how they shape the adaptive immune response, and function in maintaining homeostasis. Using the immunoglobulin (Ig) crystallizable fragment (Fc) domain as a fusion partner, the PRR fusion proteins are soluble, stable, easily purified, have increased affinity due to the Fc homodimerization properties, and consequently have been used in a wide range of applications such as flow cytometry, screening of protein and glycan arrays, and immunofluorescent microscopy. This review will predominantly focus on the recognition of pathogens by the cell membrane-expressed glycan-binding proteins of the C-type lectin receptor (CLR) subgroup of PRRs. PRRs bind to conserved pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), such as glycans, usually located within or on the outer surface of the pathogen. Significantly, many glycans structures are identical on both host and pathogen (e.g. the Lewis (Le) X glycan), allowing the use of Fc CLR fusion proteins with known endogenous and/or exogenous ligands as tools to identify pathogen structures that are able to interact with the immune system. Screens of highly purified pathogen-derived cell wall components have enabled identification of many unique PAMP structures recognized by CLRs. This review highlights studies using Fc CLR fusion proteins, with emphasis on the PAMPs found in fungi, bacteria, viruses, and parasites. The structure and unique features of the different CLR families is presented using examples from a broad range of microbes whenever possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet A Willment
- Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
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30
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Babamale AO, Chen ST. Nod-like Receptors: Critical Intracellular Sensors for Host Protection and Cell Death in Microbial and Parasitic Infections. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11398. [PMID: 34768828 PMCID: PMC8584118 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell death is an essential immunological apparatus of host defense, but dysregulation of mutually inclusive cell deaths poses severe threats during microbial and parasitic infections leading to deleterious consequences in the pathological progression of infectious diseases. Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-Leucine-rich repeats (LRR)-containing receptors (NLRs), also called nucleotide-binding oligomerization (NOD)-like receptors (NLRs), are major cytosolic pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), their involvement in the orchestration of innate immunity and host defense against bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites, often results in the cleavage of gasdermin and the release of IL-1β and IL-18, should be tightly regulated. NLRs are functionally diverse and tissue-specific PRRs expressed by both immune and non-immune cells. Beyond the inflammasome activation, NLRs are also involved in NF-κB and MAPK activation signaling, the regulation of type I IFN (IFN-I) production and the inflammatory cell death during microbial infections. Recent advancements of NLRs biology revealed its possible interplay with pyroptotic cell death and inflammatory mediators, such as caspase 1, caspase 11, IFN-I and GSDMD. This review provides the most updated information that caspase 8 skews the NLRP3 inflammasome activation in PANoptosis during pathogen infection. We also update multidimensional roles of NLRP12 in regulating innate immunity in a content-dependent manner: novel interference of NLRP12 on TLRs and NOD derived-signaling cascade, and the recently unveiled regulatory property of NLRP12 in production of type I IFN. Future prospects of exploring NLRs in controlling cell death during parasitic and microbial infection were highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulkareem Olarewaju Babamale
- Taiwan International Graduate Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University and Academia Sinica, Taipei 11266, Taiwan;
- Parasitology Unit, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin 240003, Nigeria
| | - Szu-Ting Chen
- Taiwan International Graduate Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University and Academia Sinica, Taipei 11266, Taiwan;
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11266, Taiwan
- Cancer Progression Research Center, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11266, Taiwan
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31
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Kan HW, Chang CH, Chang YS, Ko YT, Hsieh YL. Genetic loss-of-function of activating transcription factor 3 but not C-type lectin member 5A prevents diabetic peripheral neuropathy. J Transl Med 2021; 101:1341-1352. [PMID: 34172832 PMCID: PMC8440213 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-021-00630-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the mediating roles of activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3), an injury marker, or C-type lectin member 5A (CLEC5A), an inflammatory response molecule, in the induction of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and neuroinflammation in diabetic peripheral neuropathy in ATF3 and CLEC5A genetic knockout (aft3-/- and clec5a-/-, respectively) mice. ATF3 was expressed intranuclearly and was upregulated in mice with diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DN) and clec5a-/- mice. The DN and clec5a-/- groups also exhibited neuropathic behavior, but not in the aft3-/- group. The upregulation profiles of cytoplasmic polyadenylation element-binding protein, a protein translation-regulating molecule, and the ER stress-related molecules of inositol-requiring enzyme 1α and phosphorylated eukaryotic initiation factor 2α in the DN and clec5a-/- groups were correlated with neuropathic behavior. Ultrastructural evidence confirmed ER stress induction and neuroinflammation, including microglial enlargement and proinflammatory cytokine release, in the DN and clec5a-/- mice. By contrast, the induction of ER stress and neuroinflammation did not occur in the aft3-/- mice. Furthermore, the mRNA of reactive oxygen species-removing enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, heme oxygenase-1, and catalase were downregulated in the DN and clec5a-/- groups but were not changed in the aft3-/- group. Taken together, the results indicate that intraneuronal ATF3, but not CLEC5A, mediates the induction of ER stress and neuroinflammation associated with diabetic neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Wei Kan
- School of Medicine for International Students, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Hong Chang
- Department of Surgery, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Shuang Chang
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ting Ko
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Lin Hsieh
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
- School of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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32
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Sung PS, Hsieh SL. C-type lectins and extracellular vesicles in virus-induced NETosis. J Biomed Sci 2021; 28:46. [PMID: 34116654 PMCID: PMC8193014 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-021-00741-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulated formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) is observed in acute viral infections. Moreover, NETs contribute to the pathogenesis of acute viral infections, including those caused by the dengue virus (DV) and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Furthermore, excessive NET formation (NETosis) is associated with disease severity in patients suffering from SARS-CoV-2-induced multiple organ injuries. Dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3-grabbing non-integrin (DC-SIGN) and other members of C-type lectin family (L-SIGN, LSECtin, CLEC10A) have been reported to interact with viral glycans to facilitate virus spreading and exacerbates inflammatory reactions. Moreover, spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk)-coupled C-type lectin member 5A (CLEC5A) has been shown as the pattern recognition receptor for members of flaviviruses, and is responsible for DV-induced cytokine storm and Japanese encephalomyelitis virus (JEV)-induced neuronal inflammation. Moreover, DV activates platelets via CLEC2 to release extracellular vesicles (EVs), including microvesicles (MVs) and exosomes (EXOs). The DV-activated EXOs (DV-EXOs) and MVs (DV-MVs) stimulate CLEC5A and Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2), respectively, to enhance NET formation and inflammatory reactions. Thus, EVs from virus-activated platelets (PLT-EVs) are potent endogenous danger signals, and blockade of C-type lectins is a promising strategy to attenuate virus-induced NETosis and intravascular coagulopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Shan Sung
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128, Academia Road, Sec. 2, Nankang District, Taipei, 115 Taiwan
| | - Shie-Liang Hsieh
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128, Academia Road, Sec. 2, Nankang District, Taipei, 115 Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Immunology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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33
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Zhu Y, Lu Y, Yuan L, Ling W, Jiang X, Chen S, Hu B. LincRNA-Cox2 regulates IL6/JAK3/STAT3 and NF-κB P65 pathway activation in Listeria monocytogenes-infected RAW264.7 cells. Int J Med Microbiol 2021; 311:151515. [PMID: 34146956 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2021.151515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) can lead to high mortality rates relative to other foodborne pathogens. Lm-induced inflammation is partly characterized by macrophage activation. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have important roles in various biological processes. However, it is unknown how lncRNAs regulate the host response to Lm infection. To identify the role of lncRNA in Lm infection, we used in vitro and in vivo models. We found that lincRNA-Cox2 was highly expressed in Lm-infected RAW264.7 cells. LincRNA-Cox2 knockdown resulted in reduced proinflammatory cytokines, apoptosis, migration ability and enhanced phagocytosis of Lm. LincRNA-Cox2 knockdown also reduced the phosphorylation of Janus kinase 3 (JAK3) and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT3) and the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor (NF)-κB P65, which are known to be involved in inflammatory responses. Experimentally inhibiting the protein and phosphorylation levels of STAT3 resulted in reduced proinflammatory cytokines and enhanced phagocytosis of Lm by the RAW264.7 cells. Our research suggests that lincRNA-Cox2 plays important roles in inflammation, the phagocytic function and cell migration ability of RAW264.7 cells by activating interleukin (IL)-6/JAK3/STAT3 signaling, and lincRNA-Cox2 also regulates NF-κB P65 nuclear translocation. Our research provides new insights into the regulatory role of lincRNA-Cox2 in Lm infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yurong Zhu
- School of medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China; Department of Microbiology Laboratory, Linfen Central Hospital, Linfen, 041000, China
| | - Ye Lu
- School of medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China; Department of Clinical Laboratory, Yixing People's Hospital, Affiliated Jiangsu University, Wuxi, 214200, China
| | - Lin Yuan
- School of medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Wei Ling
- School of medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Xugan Jiang
- School of medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Shengxia Chen
- School of medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China.
| | - Bing Hu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Northern Jiangsu People' s Hospital, Yangzhou, 225001, China.
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34
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Wang X, Hu Y, Wang Y, Shen D, Tao G. CLEC5A knockdown protects against the cardiac dysfunction after Myocardial infarction by suppressing macrophage polarization, NLRP3 inflammasome activation and pyroptosis. Biochem Cell Biol 2021; 99:655-665. [PMID: 33939927 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2020-0672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence has shown that NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome and pyroptotic cell death play vital roles in the pathophysiology of myocardial infarction (MI), a common cardiovascular disease characterized with cardiac dysfunction. C-type lectin member 5A (CLEC5A) is reported to strongly associate with activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and pyroptosis. In this study, in vivo MI model was established by the ligation of left anterior descending coronary artery on male C57BL/6 mice, and CLEC5A knockdown was further achieved by intra-myocardial injection of adenovirus delivering shRNA-CLEC5A. CLEC5A was found to be highly expressed in left ventricular of MI mice, while CLEC5A knockdown conversely alleviated the cardiac dysfunction in MI mice. Besides, MI-induced classical activation of macrophages was significantly inhibited after CLEC5A silencing. Additionally, CLEC5A knockdown dramatically inhibited MI-triggered activation of NLRP3 inflammasome, pyroptosis and NF-κB signaling in left ventricular of mice. In vitro experiment further validated that CLEC5A knockdown suppressed M1 polarization in LPS/IFNγ-stimulated RAW264.7 cells, and inhibited the polarized RAW264.7-induced activation of NLRP3 inflammasome/pyroptosis signaling in co-cultured cardiomyocytes. In conclusion, CLEC5A knockdown protects against the MI-induced cardiac dysfunction by regulating macrophage polarization, NLRP3 inflammasome and cell pyroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Soochow University Medical College, 74565, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.,First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, 457651, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China;
| | - Yu Hu
- First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, 457651, Jinzhou, China;
| | - Yaguang Wang
- First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, 457651, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China;
| | - Dapeng Shen
- Fuxin Central Hospital, Fuxin, Liaoning, China;
| | - Guizhou Tao
- Soochow University Medical College, 74565, Suzhou, China.,First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, 457651, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China;
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35
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Dolina JS, Lee J, Griswold RQ, Labarta-Bajo L, Kannan S, Greenbaum JA, Bahia El Idrissi N, Pont MJ, Croft M, Schoenberger SP. TLR9 Sensing of Self-DNA Controls Cell-Mediated Immunity to Listeria Infection via Rapid Conversion of Conventional CD4 + T Cells to T reg. Cell Rep 2021; 31:107249. [PMID: 32268093 PMCID: PMC8903023 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.01.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
CD4+ T lymphocytes are crucial for controlling a range of innate and adaptive immune effectors. For CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses, CD4+ T cells can function as helpers (TH) to amplify magnitude and functionality or as regulatory cells (Treg) capable of profound inhibition. It is unclear what determines differentiation to these phenotypes and whether pathogens provoke alternate programs. We find that, depending on the size of initial dose, Listeria infection drives CD4+ T cells to act as TH or induces rapid polyclonal conversion to immunosuppressive Treg. Conversion to Treg depends on the TLR9 and IL-12 pathways elicited by CD8a+ dendritic cell (DC) sensing of danger-associated neutrophil self-DNA. These findings resolve long-standing questions regarding the conditional requirement for TH amongst pathogens and reveal a remarkable degree of plasticity in the function of CD4+ T cells, which can be quickly converted to Tregin vivo by infection-mediated immune modulation. Dolina et al. show that Listeria infectious dose drives conventional CD4+ T cells to act as TH or mediates conversion to Treg. Differentiation to Treg dominates heightened doses and is promoted by CD8α+ DC TLR9 engagement of neutrophil self-DNA and IL-12 production, revealing plasticity in the function of CD4+ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph S Dolina
- Division of Developmental Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | - Joey Lee
- Division of Developmental Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Ryan Q Griswold
- Division of Developmental Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Lara Labarta-Bajo
- Division of Developmental Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Section of Molecular Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Sumetha Kannan
- Bioinformatics Core, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Jason A Greenbaum
- Bioinformatics Core, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Nawal Bahia El Idrissi
- Division of Developmental Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Department of Neurogenetics, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Margot J Pont
- Division of Developmental Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Michael Croft
- Division of Immune Regulation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Stephen P Schoenberger
- Division of Developmental Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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36
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Banerjee S, Mohammed A, Wong HR, Palaniyar N, Kamaleswaran R. Machine Learning Identifies Complicated Sepsis Course and Subsequent Mortality Based on 20 Genes in Peripheral Blood Immune Cells at 24 H Post-ICU Admission. Front Immunol 2021; 12:592303. [PMID: 33692779 PMCID: PMC7937924 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.592303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A complicated clinical course for critically ill patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) usually includes multiorgan dysfunction and subsequent death. Owing to the heterogeneity, complexity, and unpredictability of the disease progression, ICU patient care is challenging. Identifying the predictors of complicated courses and subsequent mortality at the early stages of the disease and recognizing the trajectory of the disease from the vast array of longitudinal quantitative clinical data is difficult. Therefore, we attempted to perform a meta-analysis of previously published gene expression datasets to identify novel early biomarkers and train the artificial intelligence systems to recognize the disease trajectories and subsequent clinical outcomes. Using the gene expression profile of peripheral blood cells obtained within 24 h of pediatric ICU (PICU) admission and numerous clinical data from 228 septic patients from pediatric ICU, we identified 20 differentially expressed genes predictive of complicated course outcomes and developed a new machine learning model. After 5-fold cross-validation with 10 iterations, the overall mean area under the curve reached 0.82. Using a subset of the same set of genes, we further achieved an overall area under the curve of 0.72, 0.96, 0.83, and 0.82, respectively, on four independent external validation sets. This model was highly effective in identifying the clinical trajectories of the patients and mortality. Artificial intelligence systems identified eight out of twenty novel genetic markers (SDC4, CLEC5A, TCN1, MS4A3, HCAR3, OLAH, PLCB1, and NLRP1) that help predict sepsis severity or mortality. While these genes have been previously associated with sepsis mortality, in this work, we show that these genes are also implicated in complex disease courses, even among survivors. The discovery of eight novel genetic biomarkers related to the overactive innate immune system, including neutrophil function, and a new predictive machine learning method provides options to effectively recognize sepsis trajectories, modify real-time treatment options, improve prognosis, and patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shayantan Banerjee
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Akram Mohammed
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Hector R. Wong
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Nades Palaniyar
- Translational Medicine, Peter Gilgan Center for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Rishikesan Kamaleswaran
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Department of Emergency Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States
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37
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Kvist L, Honka J, Niskanen M, Liedes O, Aspi J. Selection in the Finnhorse, a native all-around horse breed. J Anim Breed Genet 2020; 138:188-203. [PMID: 33226152 PMCID: PMC7894145 DOI: 10.1111/jbg.12524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Selection by breeders modifies the morphology, behaviour and performance of domesticated species. Here, we examined signs of selection in Finnhorse, the only native horse breed in Finland. We first searched divergent genomic regions between Finnhorses and other breeds, as well as between different breeding sections of the Finnhorse with data from Illumina Equine SNP70 BeadChip, and then studied several of the detected regions in more detail. We found altogether 35 common outlier SNPs between Finnhorses and other breeds using two different selection tests. Many of the SNPs were located close to genes affecting coat colour, performance, size, sugar metabolism, immune response and olfaction. We selected genes affecting coat colour (KIT, MITF, PMEL), performance (MSTN) and locomotion (DMRT3) for a more detailed examination. In addition, we looked for, and found, associations with height at withers and SNPs located close to gene LCORL. Among the four breeding sections of Finnhorses (harness trotters, riding horses, draught horses and pony‐sized horses), a single SNP located close to the DMRT3 gene was significantly differentiated and only between harness trotters and pony‐sized horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Kvist
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Johanna Honka
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Markku Niskanen
- Research Unit of History, Culture and Communications, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Oona Liedes
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Jouni Aspi
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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38
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Wang Y, Xiang Y, Xin VW, Wang XW, Peng XC, Liu XQ, Wang D, Li N, Cheng JT, Lyv YN, Cui SZ, Ma Z, Zhang Q, Xin HW. Dendritic cell biology and its role in tumor immunotherapy. J Hematol Oncol 2020. [PMID: 32746880 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-020-00939-6.pmid:32746880;pmcid:pmc7397618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
As crucial antigen presenting cells, dendritic cells (DCs) play a vital role in tumor immunotherapy. Taking into account the many recent advances in DC biology, we discuss how DCs (1) recognize pathogenic antigens with pattern recognition receptors through specific phagocytosis and through non-specific micropinocytosis, (2) process antigens into small peptides with proper sizes and sequences, and (3) present MHC-peptides to CD4+ and CD8+ T cells to initiate immune responses against invading microbes and aberrant host cells. During anti-tumor immune responses, DC-derived exosomes were discovered to participate in antigen presentation. T cell microvillar dynamics and TCR conformational changes were demonstrated upon DC antigen presentation. Caspase-11-driven hyperactive DCs were recently reported to convert effectors into memory T cells. DCs were also reported to crosstalk with NK cells. Additionally, DCs are the most important sentinel cells for immune surveillance in the tumor microenvironment. Alongside DC biology, we review the latest developments for DC-based tumor immunotherapy in preclinical studies and clinical trials. Personalized DC vaccine-induced T cell immunity, which targets tumor-specific antigens, has been demonstrated to be a promising form of tumor immunotherapy in patients with melanoma. Importantly, allogeneic-IgG-loaded and HLA-restricted neoantigen DC vaccines were discovered to have robust anti-tumor effects in mice. Our comprehensive review of DC biology and its role in tumor immunotherapy aids in the understanding of DCs as the mentors of T cells and as novel tumor immunotherapy cells with immense potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510095, China
- Laboratory of Oncology, Center for Molecular Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Yangtze University, 1 Nanhuan Road, Jingzhou, 434023, Hubei, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434023, Hubei, China
- Department of Gynaecology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ying Xiang
- Laboratory of Oncology, Center for Molecular Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Yangtze University, 1 Nanhuan Road, Jingzhou, 434023, Hubei, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434023, Hubei, China
| | | | - Xian-Wang Wang
- Laboratory of Oncology, Center for Molecular Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Yangtze University, 1 Nanhuan Road, Jingzhou, 434023, Hubei, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Yangtze University, 1 Nanhuan Road, Jingzhou, 434023, Hubei, China
| | - Xiao-Chun Peng
- Laboratory of Oncology, Center for Molecular Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Yangtze University, 1 Nanhuan Road, Jingzhou, 434023, Hubei, China
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434023, Hubei, China
| | - Xiao-Qin Liu
- Laboratory of Oncology, Center for Molecular Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Yangtze University, 1 Nanhuan Road, Jingzhou, 434023, Hubei, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434023, Hubei, China
- Department of Medical Imaging, School of Basic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434023, Hubei, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Laboratory of Oncology, Center for Molecular Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Yangtze University, 1 Nanhuan Road, Jingzhou, 434023, Hubei, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434023, Hubei, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Jun-Ting Cheng
- Laboratory of Oncology, Center for Molecular Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Yangtze University, 1 Nanhuan Road, Jingzhou, 434023, Hubei, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434023, Hubei, China
| | - Yan-Ning Lyv
- Institute for Infectious Diseases and Endemic Diseases Prevention and Control, Beijing Center for Diseases Prevention and Control, Beijing, 100013, China
| | - Shu-Zhong Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510095, China
| | - Zhaowu Ma
- Laboratory of Oncology, Center for Molecular Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Yangtze University, 1 Nanhuan Road, Jingzhou, 434023, Hubei, China.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434023, Hubei, China.
| | - Qing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.
- Institute of Sun Yat-sen University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Hong-Wu Xin
- Laboratory of Oncology, Center for Molecular Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Yangtze University, 1 Nanhuan Road, Jingzhou, 434023, Hubei, China.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434023, Hubei, China.
- People's Hospital of Lianjiang, Lianjiang, 524400, Guangdong, China.
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Wang Y, Xiang Y, Xin VW, Wang XW, Peng XC, Liu XQ, Wang D, Li N, Cheng JT, Lyv YN, Cui SZ, Ma Z, Zhang Q, Xin HW. Dendritic cell biology and its role in tumor immunotherapy. J Hematol Oncol 2020; 13:107. [PMID: 32746880 PMCID: PMC7397618 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-020-00939-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
As crucial antigen presenting cells, dendritic cells (DCs) play a vital role in tumor immunotherapy. Taking into account the many recent advances in DC biology, we discuss how DCs (1) recognize pathogenic antigens with pattern recognition receptors through specific phagocytosis and through non-specific micropinocytosis, (2) process antigens into small peptides with proper sizes and sequences, and (3) present MHC-peptides to CD4+ and CD8+ T cells to initiate immune responses against invading microbes and aberrant host cells. During anti-tumor immune responses, DC-derived exosomes were discovered to participate in antigen presentation. T cell microvillar dynamics and TCR conformational changes were demonstrated upon DC antigen presentation. Caspase-11-driven hyperactive DCs were recently reported to convert effectors into memory T cells. DCs were also reported to crosstalk with NK cells. Additionally, DCs are the most important sentinel cells for immune surveillance in the tumor microenvironment. Alongside DC biology, we review the latest developments for DC-based tumor immunotherapy in preclinical studies and clinical trials. Personalized DC vaccine-induced T cell immunity, which targets tumor-specific antigens, has been demonstrated to be a promising form of tumor immunotherapy in patients with melanoma. Importantly, allogeneic-IgG-loaded and HLA-restricted neoantigen DC vaccines were discovered to have robust anti-tumor effects in mice. Our comprehensive review of DC biology and its role in tumor immunotherapy aids in the understanding of DCs as the mentors of T cells and as novel tumor immunotherapy cells with immense potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510095, China.,Laboratory of Oncology, Center for Molecular Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Yangtze University, 1 Nanhuan Road, Jingzhou, 434023, Hubei, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434023, Hubei, China.,Department of Gynaecology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ying Xiang
- Laboratory of Oncology, Center for Molecular Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Yangtze University, 1 Nanhuan Road, Jingzhou, 434023, Hubei, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434023, Hubei, China
| | | | - Xian-Wang Wang
- Laboratory of Oncology, Center for Molecular Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Yangtze University, 1 Nanhuan Road, Jingzhou, 434023, Hubei, China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Yangtze University, 1 Nanhuan Road, Jingzhou, 434023, Hubei, China
| | - Xiao-Chun Peng
- Laboratory of Oncology, Center for Molecular Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Yangtze University, 1 Nanhuan Road, Jingzhou, 434023, Hubei, China.,Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434023, Hubei, China
| | - Xiao-Qin Liu
- Laboratory of Oncology, Center for Molecular Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Yangtze University, 1 Nanhuan Road, Jingzhou, 434023, Hubei, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434023, Hubei, China.,Department of Medical Imaging, School of Basic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434023, Hubei, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Laboratory of Oncology, Center for Molecular Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Yangtze University, 1 Nanhuan Road, Jingzhou, 434023, Hubei, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434023, Hubei, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Jun-Ting Cheng
- Laboratory of Oncology, Center for Molecular Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Yangtze University, 1 Nanhuan Road, Jingzhou, 434023, Hubei, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434023, Hubei, China
| | - Yan-Ning Lyv
- Institute for Infectious Diseases and Endemic Diseases Prevention and Control, Beijing Center for Diseases Prevention and Control, Beijing, 100013, China
| | - Shu-Zhong Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510095, China
| | - Zhaowu Ma
- Laboratory of Oncology, Center for Molecular Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Yangtze University, 1 Nanhuan Road, Jingzhou, 434023, Hubei, China. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434023, Hubei, China.
| | - Qing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China. .,Institute of Sun Yat-sen University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Hong-Wu Xin
- Laboratory of Oncology, Center for Molecular Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Yangtze University, 1 Nanhuan Road, Jingzhou, 434023, Hubei, China. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434023, Hubei, China. .,People's Hospital of Lianjiang, Lianjiang, 524400, Guangdong, China.
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40
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Demarco B, Chen KW, Broz P. Cross talk between intracellular pathogens and cell death. Immunol Rev 2020; 297:174-193. [PMID: 32567717 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Infections with bacterial pathogens often results in the initiation of programmed cell death as part of the host innate immune defense, or as a bacterial virulence strategy. Induction of host cell death is controlled by an elaborate network of innate immune and cell death signaling pathways and manifests in different morphologically and functionally distinct forms of death, such as apoptosis, necroptosis, NETosis and pyroptosis. The mechanism by which host cell death restricts bacterial replication is highly cell-type and context depended, but its physiological importance is highlighted the diversity of strategies bacterial pathogens use to avoid induction of cell death or to block cell death signaling pathways. In this review, we discuss the latest insights into how bacterial pathogens elicit and manipulate cell death signaling, how different forms of cell death kill or restrict bacteria and how cell death and innate immune pathway cross talk to guard against pathogen-induced inhibition of host cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Demarco
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Kaiwen W Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Petr Broz
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
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41
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Elleisy N, Rohde S, Huth A, Gittel N, Glass Ä, Möller S, Lamprecht G, Schäffler H, Jaster R. Genetic association analysis of CLEC5A and CLEC7A gene single-nucleotide polymorphisms and Crohn’s disease. World J Gastroenterol 2020; 26:2194-2202. [PMID: 32476786 PMCID: PMC7235209 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v26.i18.2194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Crohn’s disease (CD) is characterized by a multifactorial etiology and a significant impact of genetic traits. While NOD2 mutations represent well established risk factors of CD, the role of other genes is incompletely understood.
AIM To challenge the hypothesis that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the genes CLEC5A and CLEC7A, two members of the C-type lectin domain family of pattern recognition receptors, may be associated with CD.
METHODS SNPs in CLEC5A, CLEC7A and the known CD risk gene NOD2 were studied using real time PCR-based SNP assays. Therefore, DNA samples from 175 patients and 157 healthy donors were employed. Genotyping data were correlated with clinical characteristics of the patients and the results of gene expression data analyses.
RESULTS In accordance with previous studies, rs2066844 and rs2066847 in NOD2 were found to be significantly associated with CD (allelic P values = 0.0368 and 0.0474, respectively). Intriguingly, for genotype AA of rs1285933 in CLEC5A, a potential association with CD (recessive P = 0.0523; odds ratio = 1.90) was observed. There were no associations between CD and SNPs rs2078178 and rs16910631 in CLEC7A. Variants of rs1285933 had no impact on CLEC5A gene expression. In contrast, genotype-dependent differences of CXCL5 expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells were observed. There is no statistical interaction between the tested SNPs of NOD2 and CLEC5A, suggesting of a novel pathway contributing to the disease.
CONCLUSION Our data encourage enlarged follow-up studies to further address an association of SNP rs1285933 in CLEC5A with CD. The C-type lectin domain family member also deserves attention regarding a potential role in the pathophysiology of CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagi Elleisy
- Department of Medicine II, Division of Gastroenterology, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock 18057, Germany
| | - Sarah Rohde
- Department of Medicine II, Division of Gastroenterology, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock 18057, Germany
| | - Astrid Huth
- Department of Medicine II, Division of Gastroenterology, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock 18057, Germany
| | - Nicole Gittel
- Department of Medicine II, Division of Gastroenterology, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock 18057, Germany
| | - Änne Glass
- Institute for Biostatistics and Informatics in Medicine and Ageing Research, Rostock 18057, Germany
| | - Steffen Möller
- Institute for Biostatistics and Informatics in Medicine and Ageing Research, Rostock 18057, Germany
| | - Georg Lamprecht
- Department of Medicine II, Division of Gastroenterology, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock 18057, Germany
| | - Holger Schäffler
- Department of Medicine II, Division of Gastroenterology, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock 18057, Germany
| | - Robert Jaster
- Department of Medicine II, Division of Gastroenterology, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock 18057, Germany
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42
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Sung PS, Chang WC, Hsieh SL. CLEC5A: A Promiscuous Pattern Recognition Receptor to Microbes and Beyond. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1204:57-73. [PMID: 32152943 PMCID: PMC7121389 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-1580-4_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
CLEC5A is a spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk)-coupled C-type lectin that is highly expressed by monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, and dendritic cells and interacts with virions directly, via terminal fucose and mannose moieties of viral glycans. CLEC5A also binds to N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) and N-acetylmuramic acid (MurNAc) disaccharides of bacterial cell walls. Compared to other C-type lectins (DC-SIGN and DC-SIGNR) and TLRs, CLEC5A binds its ligands with relatively low affinities. However, CLEC5A forms a multivalent hetero-complex with DC-SIGN and other C-type lectins upon engagement with ligands, and thereby mediates microbe-induced inflammatory responses via activation of Syk. For example, in vivo studies in mouse models have demonstrated that CLEC5A is responsible for flaviviruses-induced hemorrhagic shock and neuroinflammation, and a CLEC5A polymorphism in humans is associated with disease severity following infection with dengue virus. In addition, CLEC5A is co-activated with TLR2 by Listeria and Staphylococcus. Furthermore, CLEC5A-postive myeloid cells are responsible for Concanavilin A-induced aseptic inflammatory reactions. Thus, CLEC5A is a promiscuous pattern recognition receptor in myeloid cells and is a potential therapeutic target for attenuation of both septic and aseptic inflammatory reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Shan Sung
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chiao Chang
- School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shie-Liang Hsieh
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan. .,School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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43
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Abstract
It could be argued that we understand the immune response to infection with Listeria monocytogenes better than the immunity elicited by any other bacteria. L. monocytogenes are Gram-positive bacteria that are genetically tractable and easy to cultivate in vitro, and the mouse model of intravenous (i.v.) inoculation is highly reproducible. For these reasons, immunologists frequently use the mouse model of systemic listeriosis to dissect the mechanisms used by mammalian hosts to recognize and respond to infection. This article provides an overview of what we have learned over the past few decades and is divided into three sections: "Innate Immunity" describes how the host initially detects the presence of L. monocytogenes and characterizes the soluble and cellular responses that occur during the first few days postinfection; "Adaptive Immunity" discusses the exquisitely specific T cell response that mediates complete clearance of infection and immunological memory; "Use of Attenuated Listeria as a Vaccine Vector" highlights the ways that investigators have exploited our extensive knowledge of anti-Listeria immunity to develop cancer therapeutics.
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44
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Yoshikawa FSY, Pietrobon AJ, Branco ACCC, Pereira NZ, Oliveira LMDS, Machado CM, Duarte AJDS, Sato MN. Zika Virus Infects Newborn Monocytes Without Triggering a Substantial Cytokine Response. J Infect Dis 2020; 220:32-40. [PMID: 30785182 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiz075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is a clinically important flavivirus that can cause neurological disturbances in newborns. Here, we investigated comparatively the outcome of in vitro infection of newborn monocytes by ZIKV. We observed that neonatal cells show defective production of interleukin 1β, interleukin 10, and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 in response to ZIKV, although they were as efficient as adult cells in supporting viral infection. Although CLEC5A is a classical flavivirus immune receptor, it is not essential to the cytokine response, but it regulates the viral load only in adult cells. Greater expression of viral entry receptors may create a favorable environment for viral invasion in neonatal monocytes. We are the first to suggest a role for CLEC5A in human monocyte infectivity and to show that newborn monocytes are interesting targets in ZIKV pathogenesis, owing to their ability to carry the virus with only a partial triggering of the immune response, creating a potentially favorable environment for virus-related pathologies in young individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Seiti Yamada Yoshikawa
- Laboratório de Investigação em Dermatologia e Imunodeficiências, Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina
| | - Anna Julia Pietrobon
- Laboratório de Investigação em Dermatologia e Imunodeficiências, Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina.,Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas
| | - Anna Cláudia Calvielli Castelo Branco
- Laboratório de Investigação em Dermatologia e Imunodeficiências, Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina.,Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas
| | - Nátalli Zanete Pereira
- Laboratório de Investigação em Dermatologia e Imunodeficiências, Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina.,Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas
| | - Luanda Mara da Silva Oliveira
- Laboratório de Investigação em Dermatologia e Imunodeficiências, Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina
| | | | - Alberto José da Silva Duarte
- Laboratório de Investigação em Dermatologia e Imunodeficiências, Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina
| | - Maria Notomi Sato
- Laboratório de Investigação em Dermatologia e Imunodeficiências, Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina.,Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas
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45
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Robledo-Avila FH, Ruiz-Rosado JDD, Brockman KL, Partida-Sánchez S. The TRPM2 Ion Channel Regulates Inflammatory Functions of Neutrophils During Listeria monocytogenes Infection. Front Immunol 2020; 11:97. [PMID: 32117251 PMCID: PMC7010865 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
During infection, phagocytic cells pursue homeostasis in the host via multiple mechanisms that control microbial invasion. Neutrophils respond to infection by exerting a variety of cellular processes, including chemotaxis, activation, phagocytosis, degranulation and the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Calcium (Ca2+) signaling and the activation of specific Ca2+ channels are required for most antimicrobial effector functions of neutrophils. The transient receptor potential melastatin-2 (TRPM2) cation channel has been proposed to play important roles in modulating Ca2+ mobilization and oxidative stress in neutrophils. In the present study, we use a mouse model of Listeria monocytogenes infection to define the role of TRPM2 in the regulation of neutrophils' functions during infection. We show that the susceptibility of Trpm2−/− mice to L. monocytogenes infection is characterized by increased migration rates of neutrophils and monocytes to the liver and spleen in the first 24 h. During the acute phase of L. monocytogenes infection, Trpm2−/− mice developed septic shock, characterized by increased serum levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10. Furthermore, in vivo depletion of neutrophils demonstrated a critical role of these immune cells in regulating acute inflammation in Trpm2−/− infected mice. Gene expression and inflammatory cytokine analyses of infected tissues further confirmed the hyperinflammatory profile of Trpm2−/− neutrophils. Finally, the increased inflammatory properties of Trpm2−/− neutrophils correlated with the dysregulated cytoplasmic concentration of Ca2+ and potentiated membrane depolarization, in response to L. monocytogenes. In conclusion, our findings suggest that the TRPM2 channel plays critical functional roles in regulating the inflammatory properties of neutrophils and preventing tissue damage during Listeria infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank H Robledo-Avila
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Juan de Dios Ruiz-Rosado
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Kenneth L Brockman
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Santiago Partida-Sánchez
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
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46
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Schulz C, Gabriel G, von Köckritz-Blickwede M. Detrimental Role of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps during Dengue Virus Infection. Trends Immunol 2019; 41:3-6. [PMID: 31791719 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2019.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A recent article by Sung et al. identified the CLEC2 platelet receptor as an important factor of lethal dengue virus infection. Formation of neutrophil extracellular traps via crosstalk with CLEC5A and TLR2 neutrophils were ascribed a causative role in DENV infection. This provides new insights for the development of candidate broad-spectrum therapies against hemorrhagic virus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Schulz
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonosis, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | - Gülsah Gabriel
- Viral Zoonosis-One Health, Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany; Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | - Maren von Köckritz-Blickwede
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonosis, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany; Department of Physiological Chemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany.
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47
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T Cell Antifungal Immunity and the Role of C-Type Lectin Receptors. Trends Immunol 2019; 41:61-76. [PMID: 31813764 PMCID: PMC7427322 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2019.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Fungi can cause disease in humans, from mucocutaneous to life-threatening systemic infections. Initiation of antifungal immunity involves fungal recognition by pattern recognition receptors such as C-type lectin receptors (CLRs). These germline-encoded receptors trigger a multitude of innate responses including phagocytosis, fungal killing, and antigen presentation which can also shape the development of adaptive immunity. Recently, studies have shed light on how CLRs directly or indirectly modulate lymphocyte function. Moreover, CLR-mediated recognition of commensal fungi maintains homeostasis and prevents invasion from opportunistic commensals. We present an overview of current knowledge of antifungal T cell immune responses, with emphasis on the role of C-type lectins, and discuss how these receptors modulate these responses at different levels. CLRs are essential pattern recognition receptors involved in fungal recognition and initiation of protective antifungal immunity. CLRs promote the differentiation of mammalian T helper cell subsets essential for the control of systemic (Th1) and mucosal (Th17) fungal infections. CLRs are involved in antigen presentation, the expression of co-stimulatory molecules, and cytokine secretion; therefore, they can regulate lymphocyte function and adaptive immune responses at different levels. Fungal morphological changes, such as the transition from yeast to hyphae in Candida albicans during tissue invasion, affects recognition by CLRs and impacts on adaptive immune responses. CLRs recognize the fungal component of the microbiome that can influence T cell responses during infection at intestinal and peripheral sites.
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CLEC5A expressed on myeloid cells as a M2 biomarker relates to immunosuppression and decreased survival in patients with glioma. Cancer Gene Ther 2019; 27:669-679. [PMID: 31591460 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-019-0140-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Glioma is the most common tumor in the central nervous system that portends a poor prognosis. Key genes negatively related to survival may provide targets for therapy to improve the outcome of glioma. Here, we report a protein-coding gene CLEC5A, which is the top 1 gene by univariate Cox regression analysis of 524 primary GBM samples. Expression of CLEC5A is significantly correlated with decreased overall survival in patients with glioma via large-scale analysis. An analysis of 2589 patient samples showed that CLEC5A expression is higher in (1) glioblastoma than in lower-grade glioma and nontumor tissue, (2) in the mesenchymal subtype than in other subtypes, and (3) in IDH1-wild type glioblastoma than in IDH1-mutated glioblastoma. Notably, this tumor-associated biomarker is expressed preferentially on myeloid cells over glioma cells. And it shows a strong co-expression with M2 macrophage biomarker. Furthermore, CLEC5A-associated genes are enriched in immunosuppressive biological processes. The silico flow cytometry also showed CLEC5A expression related to less tumor purity and more tumor-promoting leukocytes infiltration. In conclusion, we proposed a new M2 biomarker expressed on myeloid cells that may decrease survival in patients with glioma through immunosuppressive mechanisms.
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Sun J, Wang L, Huang M, Li Y, Wang W, Song L. CgCLec-HTM–Mediated Signaling Pathway Regulates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced CgIL-17 and CgTNF Production in Oyster. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 203:1845-1856. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Abstract
The C-type lectins are a superfamily of proteins that recognize a broad repertoire of ligands and that regulate a diverse range of physiological functions. Most research attention has focused on the ability of C-type lectins to function in innate and adaptive antimicrobial immune responses, but these proteins are increasingly being recognized to have a major role in autoimmune diseases and to contribute to many other aspects of multicellular existence. Defects in these molecules lead to developmental and physiological abnormalities, as well as altered susceptibility to infectious and non-infectious diseases. In this Review, we present an overview of the roles of C-type lectins in immunity and homeostasis, with an emphasis on the most exciting recent discoveries.
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