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Rodríguez-Rodríguez A, Uribe RM, Cote-Vélez A, Joseph-Bravo P, Charli JL. Hypothalamic Median Eminence Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone-Degrading Ectoenzyme Activity Is Dispensable for Basal Thyroid Axis Activity in Lean Rodents. Cells 2025; 14:725. [PMID: 40422228 DOI: 10.3390/cells14100725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2025] [Revised: 04/17/2025] [Accepted: 04/25/2025] [Indexed: 05/28/2025] Open
Abstract
The amplitude of the phasic output of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) into the hypothalamus-pituitary portal capillaries is likely controlled by the TRH-degrading ectoenzyme (TRH-DE) expressed on the surface of median eminence (ME) β2-tanycytes. To extend this hypothesis, we performed experiments on adult rodents reared in standard conditions. TRH-DE was close to the putative sites of TRH release in the male rat external layer of the ME. In global Trhde knockout mice, basal hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis parameters were not altered but we detected an increased vimentin (a tanycyte marker) positive coverage of the portal vessels. We then overexpressed TRH-DE or a dominant negative isoform by microinjection of adeno-associated virus 1 (AAV1) vectors into the third ventricle of adult male rats. Two weeks after microinjection, cold-stress-induced serum TSH concentration was decreased if ME TRH-DE activity had been enhanced. However, the long-term modification of TRH-DE activity in the ME had only a small impact on basal serum TSH concentration but increased Trhr expression in the anterior pituitary of animals transduced with AAV1-TRH-DE. Thus, long-term modifications of ME TRH-DE activity lead to limited changes in serum TSH concentration in adult rodents reared in standard conditions, possibly because of adaptations of TRH communication in the ME and/or anterior pituitary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adair Rodríguez-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Avenida Universidad 2001, Cuernavaca 62210, Mexico
| | - Rosa María Uribe
- Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Avenida Universidad 2001, Cuernavaca 62210, Mexico
| | - Antonieta Cote-Vélez
- Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Avenida Universidad 2001, Cuernavaca 62210, Mexico
| | - Patricia Joseph-Bravo
- Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Avenida Universidad 2001, Cuernavaca 62210, Mexico
| | - Jean-Louis Charli
- Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Avenida Universidad 2001, Cuernavaca 62210, Mexico
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Xiong Z, Ou Y, Chen R, Zhou M, Wang Z, Wu G, Che M, Li K, Gong H, Wang Y, Ling X, Wang H, Wang X, Song Q, Qi S, Feng Z, Peng J. Tanycyte proliferation and migration through the sonic hedgehog pathway restores hypothalamic function after ischemic injury. Free Radic Biol Med 2025; 232:437-449. [PMID: 40113020 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2025.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2025] [Revised: 03/15/2025] [Accepted: 03/17/2025] [Indexed: 03/22/2025]
Abstract
Tanycytes, a distinct type of glial cell within the hypothalamus, will be investigated in this study to elucidate the intrinsic mechanisms by which they facilitate the restoration of hypothalamic function. We injected endothelin 1 (ET-1) into the third ventricle to establish an ischemic hypothalamic injury model. Nestin CreERT2 and Rosa26R-CAG:tdTomato mice were crossbred, and viral tracing was used to label and track tanycytes. Functional changes in these cells were observed with calcium imaging. Alterations in tanycytes were assessed with single-cell and transcriptomic sequencing analyses. The involvement of specific pathways was confirmed via intraperitoneal injection of N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) and cycloheximide. Following ischemic injury to the hypothalamus in mice, acute weight loss and impaired activity of Agrp neurons were observed, both of which recovered within 7 days. The fate of tanycytes was traced in Nestin-CreERT2: Rosa26R-CAG:Tdtomato mice to confirm their proliferation and migration after hypothalamic injury. Calcium imaging indicated that these proliferating and migrating cells participated in signal transduction, thereby reconstructing the regulatory network of tanycytes. The analysis of single-cell data on postnatal days 8 and 45 identified CDK1 as a marker of proliferative tanycytes. The roles of ROS and the Shh pathway in the proliferation and migration of tanycytes were validated via the intraperitoneal injection of NAC and cycloheximide inhibitors. After inducing ischemic injury to the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus, Agrp neuronal activity declined, accompanied by ROS fluctuations within tanycytes. Activation of the Shh pathway prompts the transition of tanycytes from a quiescent state to a proliferative state, thereby leading to their migration to the arcuate nucleus. This process re-establishes the regulatory network of tanycytes and restores metabolic balance. This finding may provide an important target for promoting the recovery of hypothalamic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Xiong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Brain Diseases, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yichao Ou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Brain Diseases, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rongjun Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Brain Diseases, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingfeng Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Brain Diseases, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zijing Wang
- School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guangsen Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Brain Diseases, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mengjie Che
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Brain Diseases, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kai Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Brain Diseases, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haodong Gong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Brain Diseases, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yihan Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Brain Diseases, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xufan Ling
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Brain Diseases, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hai Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Brain Diseases, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xingqin Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Brain Diseases, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiancheng Song
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Brain Diseases, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Songtao Qi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Brain Diseases, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Zhanpeng Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Brain Diseases, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Junxiang Peng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Brain Diseases, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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Mittag J, Kolms B. Hypothalamic control of heart rate and body temperature by thyroid hormones. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2025:10.1007/s11154-025-09966-5. [PMID: 40244498 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-025-09966-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/14/2025] [Indexed: 04/18/2025]
Abstract
As evidenced by the clinical symptoms in hyper- or hypothyroidism, thyroid hormones have strong effects on cardiovascular and metabolic functions. While these actions had been initially attributed to direct molecular mechanisms in the respective peripheral tissues such as heart, muscle or adipose tissue, a recent paradigm shift has occurred with accumulating observations that demonstrated important indirect effects via the brain on these systems. However, the individual contributions of the peripheral versus central thyroid hormone actions for the well-known phenotypical symptoms are still not entirely understood. Similarly, the neuroanatomical substrates for these central actions have remained largely enigmatic, although many studies point to the hypothalamus as a major target of thyroid hormone action. This review critically discusses the role of the central actions of thyroid hormone for the regulation of heart rate, body temperature, energy expenditure and food intake, and integrates some novel findings to summarize the current state of the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Mittag
- Institute for Experimental Endocrinology, Center of Brain Behavior & Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562, Lübeck, Germany.
| | - Beke Kolms
- Institute for Experimental Endocrinology, Center of Brain Behavior & Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562, Lübeck, Germany
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Phillips CD, DeFazio RA, Moenter SM. Sex and Time of Day Alter the Interactions Between Hypothalamic Glia and the Neural Circuits Controlling Reproduction. Endocrinology 2025; 166:bqaf057. [PMID: 40111184 PMCID: PMC11968336 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqaf057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2025] [Revised: 03/12/2025] [Accepted: 03/18/2025] [Indexed: 03/22/2025]
Abstract
An upstream network, including glia and arcuate nucleus (ARC) kisspeptin neurons, controls hormone secretion from preoptic area (POA) gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons, which form the final common pathway for the central control of fertility. In males, chemogenetic activation of Gq-mediated signaling in POA glia activated GnRH neurons and downstream luteinizing hormone (LH) release, while chemogenetic activation of ARC glia had no effect on ARC kisspeptin neurons. We characterized sex differences and time-of-day effects in these critical circuits to understand their effects on reproduction. Chemogenetic activation of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-expressing cells increased intracellular calcium concentrations regardless of sex, brain region, or time of day. Activation of POA glia or treatment with the gliotransmitter analog dimethyl prostaglandin E2 (dmPGE2) increased GnRH neuron firing rate, and these responses were dependent upon sex and time of day. In contrast, ARC kisspeptin neuron firing rate was unresponsive to ARC glia activation or dmPGE2 regardless of sex or time of day. POA glial activation increased LH levels in males and females but the response in males was more rapid. ARC glia activation had no effect on LH in females and the response in males was delayed compared to POA glia activation. A similar LH response persisted after ARC kisspeptin neuron ablation, suggesting it is not mediated by those neurons. GnRH neurons, rather than arcuate kisspeptin neurons, are thus the main target of glial regulation of reproductive neuroendocrine output and this regulation is dependent on sex and time of day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrystian D Phillips
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - R Anthony DeFazio
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Suzanne M Moenter
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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Maugeri G, Amato A, Evola G, D'Agata V, Musumeci G. Addressing the Effect of Exercise on Glial Cells: Focus on Ependymal Cells. J Integr Neurosci 2024; 23:216. [PMID: 39735958 DOI: 10.31083/j.jin2312216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 12/31/2024] Open
Abstract
A growing body of research highlights the positive impact of regular physical activity on improving physical and mental health. On the other hand, physical inactivity is one of the leading risk factors for noncommunicable diseases and death worldwide. Exercise profoundly impacts various body districts, including the central nervous system. Here, overwhelming evidence exists that physical exercise affects neurons and glial cells, by promoting their interaction. Physical exercise directly acts on ependymal cells by promoting their proliferation and activation, maintaing brain homeostasis in healthy animals and promote locomotor recovery after spinal cord injury. This review aims to describe the main anatomical characteristics and functions of ependymal cells and provide an overview of the effects of different types of physical exercise on glial cells, focusing on the ependymal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grazia Maugeri
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Anatomy, Histology and Movement Science, School of Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Alessandra Amato
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Anatomy, Histology and Movement Science, School of Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Evola
- Department of General and Emergency Surgery, Garibaldi Hospital, 95124 Catania, Italy
| | - Velia D'Agata
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Anatomy, Histology and Movement Science, School of Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Musumeci
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Anatomy, Histology and Movement Science, School of Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
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Duquenne M, Deligia E, Folgueira C, Bourouh C, Caron E, Pfrieger F, Schwaninger M, Nogueiras R, Annicotte JS, Imbernon M, Prévot V. Tanycytic transcytosis inhibition disrupts energy balance, glucose homeostasis and cognitive function in male mice. Mol Metab 2024; 87:101996. [PMID: 39047908 PMCID: PMC11340606 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2024.101996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 07/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In Western society, high-caloric diets rich in fats and sugars have fueled the obesity epidemic and its related disorders. Disruption of the body-brain communication, crucial for maintaining glucose and energy homeostasis, arises from both obesogenic and genetic factors, leading to metabolic disorders. Here, we investigate the role of hypothalamic tanycyte shuttles between the pituitary portal blood and the third ventricle cerebrospinal fluid in regulating energy balance. METHODS We inhibited vesicle-associated membrane proteins (VAMP1-3)-mediated release in tanycytes by expressing the botulinum neurotoxin type B light chain (BoNT/B) in a Cre-dependent manner in tanycytes. This was achieved by injecting either TAT-Cre in the third ventricle or an AAV1/2 expressing Cre under the control of the tanycyte-specific promoter iodothyronine deiodinase 2 into the lateral ventricle of adult male mice. RESULTS In male mice fed a standard diet, targeted expression of BoNT/B in adult tanycytes blocks leptin transport into the mediobasal hypothalamus and results in normal-weight central obesity, including increased food intake, abdominal fat deposition, and elevated leptin levels but no marked change in body weight. Furthermore, BoNT/B expression in adult tanycytes promotes fatty acid storage, leading to glucose intolerance and insulin resistance. Notably, these metabolic disturbances occur despite a compensatory increase in insulin secretion, observed both in response to exogenous glucose boluses in vivo and in isolated pancreatic islets. Intriguingly, these metabolic alterations are associated with impaired spatial memory in BoNT/B-expressing mice. CONCLUSIONS These findings underscore the central role of tanycytes in brain-periphery communication and highlight their potential implication in the age-related development of type 2 diabetes and cognitive decline. Our tanycytic BoNT/B mouse model provides a robust platform for studying how these conditions progress over time, from prediabetic states to full-blown metabolic and cognitive disorders, and the mechanistic contribution of tanycytes to their development. The recognition of the impact of tanycytic transcytosis on hormone transport opens new avenues for developing targeted therapies that could address both metabolic disorders and their associated cognitive comorbidities, which often emerge or worsen with advancing age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon Duquenne
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, UMR_S1172, EGID, DISTALZ, Lille, France
| | - Eleonora Deligia
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, UMR_S1172, EGID, DISTALZ, Lille, France
| | - Cintia Folgueira
- CIMUS, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), 15706, Spain
| | - Cyril Bourouh
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Emilie Caron
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, UMR_S1172, EGID, DISTALZ, Lille, France
| | - Frank Pfrieger
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Universite de Strasbourg, Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Integratives, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Markus Schwaninger
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Ruben Nogueiras
- CIMUS, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), 15706, Spain
| | - Jean-Sébastien Annicotte
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167 - RID-AGE - Facteurs de risque et déterminants moléculaires des maladies liées au vieillissement, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Monica Imbernon
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, UMR_S1172, EGID, DISTALZ, Lille, France.
| | - Vincent Prévot
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, UMR_S1172, EGID, DISTALZ, Lille, France.
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Galichet C, Rizzoti K, Lovell-Badge R. Hypopituitarism in Sox3 null mutants correlates with altered NG2-glia in the median eminence and is influenced by aspirin and gut microbiota. PLoS Genet 2024; 20:e1011395. [PMID: 39325695 PMCID: PMC11426531 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1011395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The median eminence (ME), located at the base of the hypothalamus, is an essential centre of information exchange between the brain and the pituitary. We and others previously showed that mutations and duplications affecting the transcription factor SOX3/Sox3 result in hypopituitarism, and this is likely of hypothalamic origin. We demonstrate here that the absence of Sox3 predominantly affects the ME with phenotypes that first occur in juvenile animals, despite the embryonic onset of SOX3 expression. In the pituitary, reduction in hormone levels correlates with a lack of endocrine cell maturation. In parallel, ME NG2-glia renewal and oligodendrocytic differentiation potential are affected. We further show that low-dose aspirin treatment, which is known to affect NG2-glia, or changes in gut microbiota, rescue both proliferative defects and hypopituitarism in Sox3 mutants. Our study highlights a central role of NG2-glia for ME function during a transitional period of post-natal development and indicates their sensitivity to extrinsic signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Galichet
- Stem Cell Biology and Developmental Genetics Lab, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
- Neurobiological Research Facility, UCL Sainsbury Wellcome Centre for Neural Circuits and Behaviour, London, United Kingdom
| | - Karine Rizzoti
- Stem Cell Biology and Developmental Genetics Lab, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Robin Lovell-Badge
- Stem Cell Biology and Developmental Genetics Lab, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
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Fernandois D, Rusidzé M, Mueller-Fielitz H, Sauve F, Deligia E, Silva MSB, Evrard F, Franco-García A, Mazur D, Martinez-Corral I, Jouy N, Rasika S, Maurage CA, Giacobini P, Nogueiras R, Dehouck B, Schwaninger M, Lenfant F, Prevot V. Estrogen receptor-α signaling in tanycytes lies at the crossroads of fertility and metabolism. Metabolism 2024; 158:155976. [PMID: 39019342 PMCID: PMC7616427 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2024.155976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Estrogen secretion by the ovaries regulates the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis during the reproductive cycle, influencing gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion, and also plays a role in regulating metabolism. Here, we establish that hypothalamic tanycytes-specialized glia lining the floor and walls of the third ventricle-integrate estrogenic feedback signals from the gonads and couple reproduction with metabolism by relaying this information to orexigenic neuropeptide Y (NPY) neurons. METHODS Using mouse models, including mice floxed for Esr1 (encoding estrogen receptor alpha, ERα) and those with Cre-dependent expression of designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs (DREADDs), along with viral-mediated, pharmacological and indirect calorimetric approaches, we evaluated the role of tanycytes and tanycytic estrogen signaling in pulsatile LH secretion, cFos expression in NPY neurons, estrous cyclicity, body-weight changes and metabolic parameters in adult females. RESULTS In ovariectomized mice, chemogenetic activation of tanycytes significantly reduced LH pulsatile release, mimicking the effects of direct NPY neuron activation. In intact mice, tanycytes were crucial for the estrogen-mediated control of GnRH/LH release, with tanycytic ERα activation suppressing fasting-induced NPY neuron activation. Selective knockout of Esr1 in tanycytes altered estrous cyclicity and fertility in female mice and affected estrogen's ability to inhibit refeeding in fasting mice. The absence of ERα signaling in tanycytes increased Npy transcripts and body weight in intact mice and prevented the estrogen-mediated decrease in food intake as well as increase in energy expenditure and fatty acid oxidation in ovariectomized mice. CONCLUSIONS Our findings underscore the pivotal role of tanycytes in the neuroendocrine coupling of reproduction and metabolism, with potential implications for its age-related deregulation after menopause. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Our investigation reveals that tanycytes, specialized glial cells in the brain, are key interpreters of estrogen signals for orexigenic NPY neurons in the hypothalamus. Disrupting tanycytic estrogen receptors not only alters fertility in female mice but also impairs the ability of estrogens to suppress appetite. This work thus sheds light on the critical role played by tanycytes in bridging the hormonal regulation of cyclic reproductive function and appetite/feeding behavior. This understanding may have potential implications for age-related metabolic deregulation after menopause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Fernandois
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, UMR-S1172, EGID, DISTALZ, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Mariam Rusidzé
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC) Equipe 4, Inserm U1297UPS, CHU, Toulouse, France
| | - Helge Mueller-Fielitz
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Florent Sauve
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, UMR-S1172, EGID, DISTALZ, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Eleonora Deligia
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, UMR-S1172, EGID, DISTALZ, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Mauro S B Silva
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, UMR-S1172, EGID, DISTALZ, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Florence Evrard
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, UMR-S1172, EGID, DISTALZ, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Aurelio Franco-García
- Group of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, CEIR Campus Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, Spain, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB), Pascual Parrilla, Murcia, Spain
| | - Daniele Mazur
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, UMR-S1172, EGID, DISTALZ, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Ines Martinez-Corral
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, UMR-S1172, EGID, DISTALZ, F-59000 Lille, France
| | | | - S Rasika
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, UMR-S1172, EGID, DISTALZ, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Claude-Alain Maurage
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, UMR-S1172, EGID, DISTALZ, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Paolo Giacobini
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, UMR-S1172, EGID, DISTALZ, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Ruben Nogueiras
- CIMUS, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), 15706, Spain
| | - Benedicte Dehouck
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, UMR-S1172, EGID, DISTALZ, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Markus Schwaninger
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Francoise Lenfant
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC) Equipe 4, Inserm U1297UPS, CHU, Toulouse, France
| | - Vincent Prevot
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, UMR-S1172, EGID, DISTALZ, F-59000 Lille, France.
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Sui X, Jiang S, Zhang H, Wu F, Wang H, Yang C, Guo Y, Wang L, Li Y, Dai Z. The influence of extended fasting on thyroid hormone: local and differentiated regulatory mechanisms. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1443051. [PMID: 39253586 PMCID: PMC11381305 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1443051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024] Open
Abstract
The hypometabolism induced by fasting has great potential in maintaining health and improving survival in extreme environments, among which thyroid hormone (TH) plays an important role in the adaptation and the formation of new energy metabolism homeostasis during long-term fasting. In the present review, we emphasize the potential of long-term fasting to improve physical health and emergency rescue in extreme environments, introduce the concept and pattern of fasting and its impact on the body's energy metabolism consumption. Prolonged fasting has more application potential in emergency rescue in special environments. The changes of THs caused by fasting, including serum biochemical characteristics, responsiveness of the peripheral and central hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis, and differential changes of TH metabolism, are emphasized in particular. It was proposed that the variability between brain and liver tissues in THs uptake, deiodination activation and inactivation is the key regulatory mechanism for the cause of peripheral THs decline and central homeostasis. While hypothalamic tanycytes play a pivotal role in the fine regulation of the HPT negative feedback regulation during long-term fasting. The study progress of tanycytes on thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) release and deiodination is described in detail. In conclusion, the combination of the decrease of TH metabolism in peripheral tissues and stability in the central HPT axis maintains the basal physiological requirement and new energy metabolism homeostasis to adapt to long-term food scarcity. The molecular mechanisms of this localized and differential regulation will be a key research direction for developing measures for hypometabolic applications in extreme environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiukun Sui
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Siyu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Hongyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Hailong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yaxiu Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Linjie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yinghui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Zhongquan Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
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10
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Modder M, Coomans CP, Saaltink DJ, Tersteeg MMH, Hoogduin J, Scholten L, Pronk ACM, Lalai RA, Boelen A, Kalsbeek A, Rensen PCN, Vreugdenhil E, Kooijman S. Doublecortin-like knockdown in mice attenuates obesity by stimulating energy expenditure in adipose tissue. Sci Rep 2024; 14:19517. [PMID: 39174821 PMCID: PMC11341836 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-70639-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Crosstalk between peripheral metabolic organs and the central nervous system is essential for body weight control. At the base of the hypothalamus, β-tanycytes surround the portal capillaries and function as gatekeepers to facilitate transfer of substances from the circulation into the cerebrospinal fluid and vice versa. Here, we investigated the role of the neuroplasticity gene doublecortin-like (DCL), highly expressed by β-tanycytes, in body weight control and whole-body energy metabolism. We demonstrated that DCL-knockdown through a doxycycline-inducible shRNA expression system prevents body weight gain by reducing adiposity in mice. DCL-knockdown slightly increased whole-body energy expenditure possibly as a result of elevated circulating thyroid hormones. In white adipose tissue (WAT) triglyceride uptake was increased while the average adipocyte cell size was reduced. At histological level we observed clear signs of browning, and thus increased thermogenesis in WAT. We found no indications for stimulated thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue (BAT). Altogether, we demonstrate an important, though subtle, role of tanycytic DCL in body weight control through regulation of energy expenditure, and specifically WAT browning. Elucidating mechanisms underlying the role of DCL in regulating brain-peripheral crosstalk further might identify new treatment targets for obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Modder
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Claudia P Coomans
- Laboratory for Neurophysiology, Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk-Jan Saaltink
- Laboratory for Neurophysiology, Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Mayke M H Tersteeg
- Laboratory for Neurophysiology, Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Janna Hoogduin
- Laboratory for Neurophysiology, Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Leonie Scholten
- Laboratory for Neurophysiology, Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Amanda C M Pronk
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Reshma A Lalai
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Anita Boelen
- Endocrine Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Andries Kalsbeek
- Endocrine Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Hypothalamic Integration Mechanisms, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick C N Rensen
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Erno Vreugdenhil
- Laboratory for Neurophysiology, Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Sander Kooijman
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands.
- Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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11
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Costa-E-Sousa RH, Brooks VL. The growing complexity of the control of the hypothalamic pituitary thyroid axis and brown adipose tissue by leptin. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2024; 127:305-362. [PMID: 39864945 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2024.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2025]
Abstract
The balance between food intake and energy expenditure is precisely regulated to maintain adipose stores. Leptin, which is produced in and released from adipose in direct proportion to its size, is a major contributor to this control and initiates its homeostatic responses largely via binding to leptin receptors (LepR) in the hypothalamus. Decreases in hypothalamic LepR binding signals starvation, leading to hunger and reduced energy expenditure, whereas increases in hypothalamic LepR binding can suppress food intake and increase energy expenditure. However, large gaps persist in the specific hypothalamic sites and detailed mechanisms by which leptin increases energy expenditure, via the parallel activation of the hypothalamic pituitary thyroid (HPT) axis and brown adipose tissue (BAT). The purpose of this review is to develop a framework for the complex mechanisms and neurocircuitry. The core circuitry begins with leptin binding to receptors in the arcuate nucleus, which then sends projections to the paraventricular nucleus (to regulate the HPT axis) and the dorsomedial hypothalamus (to regulate BAT). We build on this core by layering complexities, including the intricate and unsettled regulation of arcuate proopiomelanocortin neurons by leptin and the changes that occur as the regulation of the HPT axis and BAT is engaged or modified by challenges such as starvation, hypothermia, obesity, and pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo H Costa-E-Sousa
- Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Virginia L Brooks
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States.
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12
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Brunner M, Lopez-Rodriguez D, Estrada-Meza J, Dali R, Rohrbach A, Deglise T, Messina A, Thorens B, Santoni F, Langlet F. Fasting induces metabolic switches and spatial redistributions of lipid processing and neuronal interactions in tanycytes. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6604. [PMID: 39098920 PMCID: PMC11298547 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50913-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The ependyma lining the third ventricle (3V) in the mediobasal hypothalamus plays a crucial role in energy balance and glucose homeostasis. It is characterized by a high functional heterogeneity and plasticity, but the underlying molecular mechanisms governing its features are not fully understood. Here, 5481 hypothalamic ependymocytes were cataloged using FACS-assisted scRNAseq from fed, 12h-fasted, and 24h-fasted adult male mice. With standard clustering analysis, typical ependymal cells and β2-tanycytes appear sharply defined, but other subpopulations, β1- and α-tanycytes, display fuzzy boundaries with few or no specific markers. Pseudospatial approaches, based on the 3V neuroanatomical distribution, enable the identification of specific versus shared tanycyte markers and subgroup-specific versus general tanycyte functions. We show that fasting dynamically shifts gene expression patterns along the 3V, leading to a spatial redistribution of cell type-specific responses. Altogether, we show that changes in energy status induce metabolic and functional switches in tanycyte subpopulations, providing insights into molecular and functional diversity and plasticity within the tanycyte population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Brunner
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetology, and Metabolism, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - David Lopez-Rodriguez
- Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Judith Estrada-Meza
- Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Rafik Dali
- Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Antoine Rohrbach
- Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Tamara Deglise
- Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Messina
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetology, and Metabolism, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Bernard Thorens
- Center for Integrative Genomics, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Federico Santoni
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetology, and Metabolism, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland.
- Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
- Institute for Genetic and Biomedical Research (IRGB) - CNR, Monserrato, Italy.
| | - Fanny Langlet
- Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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13
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Vargas Y, Castro Tron AE, Rodríguez Rodríguez A, Uribe RM, Joseph-Bravo P, Charli JL. Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone and Food Intake in Mammals: An Update. Metabolites 2024; 14:302. [PMID: 38921437 PMCID: PMC11205479 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14060302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH; pGlu-His-Pro-NH2) is an intercellular signal produced mainly by neurons. Among the multiple pharmacological effects of TRH, that on food intake is not well understood. We review studies demonstrating that peripheral injection of TRH generally produces a transient anorexic effect, discuss the pathways that might initiate this effect, and explain its short half-life. In addition, central administration of TRH can produce anorexic or orexigenic effects, depending on the site of injection, that are likely due to interaction with TRH receptor 1. Anorexic effects are most notable when TRH is injected into the hypothalamus and the nucleus accumbens, while the orexigenic effect has only been detected by injection into the brain stem. Functional evidence points to TRH neurons that are prime candidate vectors for TRH action on food intake. These include the caudal raphe nuclei projecting to the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus, and possibly TRH neurons from the tuberal lateral hypothalamus projecting to the tuberomammillary nuclei. For other TRH neurons, the anatomical or physiological context and impact of TRH in each synaptic domain are still poorly understood. The manipulation of TRH expression in well-defined neuron types will facilitate the discovery of its role in food intake control in each anatomical scene.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jean-Louis Charli
- Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Avenida Universidad 2001, Cuernavaca 62210, Mexico; (Y.V.); (A.E.C.T.); (A.R.R.); (R.M.U.); (P.J.-B.)
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14
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Benevento M, Alpár A, Gundacker A, Afjehi L, Balueva K, Hevesi Z, Hanics J, Rehman S, Pollak DD, Lubec G, Wulff P, Prevot V, Horvath TL, Harkany T. A brainstem-hypothalamus neuronal circuit reduces feeding upon heat exposure. Nature 2024; 628:826-834. [PMID: 38538787 PMCID: PMC11041654 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07232-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Empirical evidence suggests that heat exposure reduces food intake. However, the neurocircuit architecture and the signalling mechanisms that form an associative interface between sensory and metabolic modalities remain unknown, despite primary thermoceptive neurons in the pontine parabrachial nucleus becoming well characterized1. Tanycytes are a specialized cell type along the wall of the third ventricle2 that bidirectionally transport hormones and signalling molecules between the brain's parenchyma and ventricular system3-8. Here we show that tanycytes are activated upon acute thermal challenge and are necessary to reduce food intake afterwards. Virus-mediated gene manipulation and circuit mapping showed that thermosensing glutamatergic neurons of the parabrachial nucleus innervate tanycytes either directly or through second-order hypothalamic neurons. Heat-dependent Fos expression in tanycytes suggested their ability to produce signalling molecules, including vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA). Instead of discharging VEGFA into the cerebrospinal fluid for a systemic effect, VEGFA was released along the parenchymal processes of tanycytes in the arcuate nucleus. VEGFA then increased the spike threshold of Flt1-expressing dopamine and agouti-related peptide (Agrp)-containing neurons, thus priming net anorexigenic output. Indeed, both acute heat and the chemogenetic activation of glutamatergic parabrachial neurons at thermoneutrality reduced food intake for hours, in a manner that is sensitive to both Vegfa loss-of-function and blockage of vesicle-associated membrane protein 2 (VAMP2)-dependent exocytosis from tanycytes. Overall, we define a multimodal neurocircuit in which tanycytes link parabrachial sensory relay to the long-term enforcement of a metabolic code.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Benevento
- Department of Molecular Neurosciences, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alán Alpár
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- SE NAP Research Group of Experimental Neuroanatomy and Developmental Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anna Gundacker
- Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Leila Afjehi
- Programme Proteomics, Paracelsus Medizinische Privatuniversität, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Kira Balueva
- Institute of Physiology, Christian Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Zsofia Hevesi
- Department of Molecular Neurosciences, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - János Hanics
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- SE NAP Research Group of Experimental Neuroanatomy and Developmental Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Sabah Rehman
- Department of Molecular Neurosciences, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniela D Pollak
- Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gert Lubec
- Programme Proteomics, Paracelsus Medizinische Privatuniversität, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Peer Wulff
- Institute of Physiology, Christian Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Vincent Prevot
- University of Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Lille Neuroscience and Cognition, UMR S1172, EGID, Lille, France
| | - Tamas L Horvath
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Tibor Harkany
- Department of Molecular Neurosciences, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden.
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15
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Rivagorda M, Prevot V, Schwaninger M. Seasonal biology: Tanycytes give the hypothalamus a spring makeover. Curr Biol 2024; 34:R209-R211. [PMID: 38471452 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2024.01.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
In many species, metabolic and reproductive functions are coupled to the seasons. Tanycytes, specialized glial cells in the hypothalamus, play an important function in these physiological changes. A new study now shows that light exposure drastically alters the formation of sensory cilia on tanycytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon Rivagorda
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Vincent Prevot
- Inserm, CHU Lille, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Lille Neuroscience and Cognition, Université de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Markus Schwaninger
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.
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16
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Lei Y, Liang X, Sun Y, Yao T, Gong H, Chen Z, Gao Y, Wang H, Wang R, Huang Y, Yang T, Yu M, Liu L, Yi CX, Wu QF, Kong X, Xu X, Liu S, Zhang Z, Liu T. Region-specific transcriptomic responses to obesity and diabetes in macaque hypothalamus. Cell Metab 2024; 36:438-453.e6. [PMID: 38325338 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2024.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
The hypothalamus plays a crucial role in the progression of obesity and diabetes; however, its structural complexity and cellular heterogeneity impede targeted treatments. Here, we profiled the single-cell and spatial transcriptome of the hypothalamus in obese and sporadic type 2 diabetic macaques, revealing primate-specific distributions of clusters and genes as well as spatial region, cell-type-, and gene-feature-specific changes. The infundibular (INF) and paraventricular nuclei (PVN) are most susceptible to metabolic disruption, with the PVN being more sensitive to diabetes. In the INF, obesity results in reduced synaptic plasticity and energy sensing capability, whereas diabetes involves molecular reprogramming associated with impaired tanycytic barriers, activated microglia, and neuronal inflammatory response. In the PVN, cellular metabolism and neural activity are suppressed in diabetic macaques. Spatial transcriptomic data reveal microglia's preference for the parenchyma over the third ventricle in diabetes. Our findings provide a comprehensive view of molecular changes associated with obesity and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Lei
- BGI-Research, Hangzhou 310012, China; BGI-Research, Shenzhen 518103, China
| | - Xian Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Human Phenome Institute, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, and School of Life Sciences, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China; School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yunong Sun
- BGI-Research, Hangzhou 310012, China; BGI-Research, Shenzhen 518103, China
| | - Ting Yao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, Shanxi 710063, China
| | - Hongyu Gong
- School of Life Sciences, Institues of Biomedical Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010000, China
| | - Zhenhua Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Development Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yuanqing Gao
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Hui Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Ru Wang
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yunqi Huang
- BGI-Research, Hangzhou 310012, China; BGI-Research, Shenzhen 518103, China
| | - Tao Yang
- China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Miao Yu
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Longqi Liu
- BGI-Research, Hangzhou 310012, China; BGI-Research, Shenzhen 518103, China
| | - Chun-Xia Yi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Qing-Feng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Development Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xingxing Kong
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China.
| | - Xun Xu
- BGI-Research, Hangzhou 310012, China; BGI-Research, Shenzhen 518103, China.
| | - Shiping Liu
- BGI-Research, Hangzhou 310012, China; BGI-Research, Shenzhen 518103, China.
| | - Zhi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Human Phenome Institute, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, and School of Life Sciences, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China; School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China.
| | - Tiemin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Human Phenome Institute, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, and School of Life Sciences, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China; School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China; School of Life Sciences, Institues of Biomedical Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010000, China.
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17
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Panda SP, Kesharwani A, Singh GD, Prasanth D, Vatchavai BR, Kumari PVK, Panda SK, Mallick SP. Impose of KNDy/GnRH neural circuit in PCOS, ageing, cancer and Alzheimer's disease: StAR actions in prevention of neuroendocrine dysfunction. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 92:102086. [PMID: 37821047 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.102086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
The Kisspeptin1 (KISS1)/neurokinin B (NKB)/Dynorphin (Dyn) [KNDy] neurons in the hypothalamus regulate the reproduction stage in human beings and rodents. KNDy neurons co-expressed all KISS1, NKB, and Dyn peptides, and hence commonly regarded as KISS1 neurons. KNDy neurons contribute to the "GnRH pulse generator" and are implicated in the regulation of pulsatile GnRH release. The estradiol (E2)-estrogen receptor (ER) interactions over GnRH neurons in the hypothalamus cause nitric oxide (NO) discharge, in addition to presynaptic GABA and glutamate discharge from respective neurons. The released GABA and glutamate facilitate the activity of GnRH neurons via GABAA-R and AMPA/kainate-R. The KISS1 stimulates MAPK/ERK1/2 signaling and cause the release of Ca2+ from intracellular store, which contribute to neuroendocrine function, increase apoptosis and decrease cell proliferation and metastasis. The ageing in women deteriorates KISS1/KISS1R interaction in the hypothalamus which causes lower levels of GnRH. Because examining the human brain is so challenging, decades of clinical research have failed to find the causes of KNDy/GnRH dysfunction. The KISS1/KISS1R interactions in the brain have a neuroprotective effect against Alzheimer's disease (AD). These findings modulate the pathophysiological role of the KNDy/GnRH neural network in polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) associated with ageing and, its protective role in cancer and AD. This review concludes with protecting effect of the steroid-derived acute regulatory enzyme (StAR) against neurotoxicity in the hippocampus, and hypothalamus, and these measures are fundamental for delaying ageing with PCOS. StAR could serve as novel diagnostic marker and therapeutic target for the most prevalent hormone-sensitive breast cancers (BCs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Siva Prasad Panda
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Adarsh Kesharwani
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | | | - Dsnbk Prasanth
- KVSR Siddhartha College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vijayawada, Andhrapradesh, India
| | - Bhaskara Raju Vatchavai
- Sri Vasavi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pedatadepalli, Tadepalligudem, Andhrapradesh, India
| | - P V Kamala Kumari
- Vignan Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Duvvada, Visakhapatnam, Andhrapradesh, India
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Makrygianni EA, Chrousos GP. Neural Progenitor Cells and the Hypothalamus. Cells 2023; 12:1822. [PMID: 37508487 PMCID: PMC10378393 DOI: 10.3390/cells12141822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Neural progenitor cells (NPCs) are multipotent neural stem cells (NSCs) capable of self-renewing and differentiating into neurons, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. In the postnatal/adult brain, NPCs are primarily located in the subventricular zone (SVZ) of the lateral ventricles (LVs) and subgranular zone (SGZ) of the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG). There is evidence that NPCs are also present in the postnatal/adult hypothalamus, a highly conserved brain region involved in the regulation of core homeostatic processes, such as feeding, metabolism, reproduction, neuroendocrine integration and autonomic output. In the rodent postnatal/adult hypothalamus, NPCs mainly comprise different subtypes of tanycytes lining the wall of the 3rd ventricle. In the postnatal/adult human hypothalamus, the neurogenic niche is constituted by tanycytes at the floor of the 3rd ventricle, ependymal cells and ribbon cells (showing a gap-and-ribbon organization similar to that in the SVZ), as well as suprachiasmatic cells. We speculate that in the postnatal/adult human hypothalamus, neurogenesis occurs in a highly complex, exquisitely sophisticated neurogenic niche consisting of at least four subniches; this structure has a key role in the regulation of extrahypothalamic neurogenesis, and hypothalamic and extrahypothalamic neural circuits, partly through the release of neurotransmitters, neuropeptides, extracellular vesicles (EVs) and non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Evanthia A Makrygianni
- University Research Institute of Maternal and Child Health & Precision Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - George P Chrousos
- University Research Institute of Maternal and Child Health & Precision Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
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19
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Dali R, Estrada-Meza J, Langlet F. Tanycyte, the neuron whisperer. Physiol Behav 2023; 263:114108. [PMID: 36740135 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2023.114108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Reciprocal communication between neurons and glia is essential for normal brain functioning and adequate physiological functions, including energy balance. In vertebrates, the homeostatic process that adjusts food intake and energy expenditure in line with physiological requirements is tightly controlled by numerous neural cell types located within the hypothalamus and the brainstem and organized in complex networks. Within these neural networks, peculiar ependymoglial cells called tanycytes are nowadays recognized as multifunctional players in the physiological mechanisms of appetite control, partly by modulating orexigenic and anorexigenic neurons. Here, we review recent advances in tanycytes' impact on hypothalamic neuronal activity, emphasizing on arcuate neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafik Dali
- Department of biomedical sciences, University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Judith Estrada-Meza
- Department of biomedical sciences, University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Fanny Langlet
- Department of biomedical sciences, University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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20
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Yu Q, Gamayun I, Wartenberg P, Zhang Q, Qiao S, Kusumakshi S, Candlish S, Götz V, Wen S, Das D, Wyatt A, Wahl V, Ectors F, Kattler K, Yildiz D, Prevot V, Schwaninger M, Ternier G, Giacobini P, Ciofi P, Müller TD, Boehm U. Bitter taste cells in the ventricular walls of the murine brain regulate glucose homeostasis. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1588. [PMID: 36949050 PMCID: PMC10033832 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37099-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The median eminence (ME) is a circumventricular organ at the base of the brain that controls body homeostasis. Tanycytes are its specialized glial cells that constitute the ventricular walls and regulate different physiological states, however individual signaling pathways in these cells are incompletely understood. Here, we identify a functional tanycyte subpopulation that expresses key taste transduction genes including bitter taste receptors, the G protein gustducin and the gustatory ion channel TRPM5 (M5). M5 tanycytes have access to blood-borne cues via processes extended towards diaphragmed endothelial fenestrations in the ME and mediate bidirectional communication between the cerebrospinal fluid and blood. This subpopulation responds to metabolic signals including leptin and other hormonal cues and is transcriptionally reprogrammed upon fasting. Acute M5 tanycyte activation induces insulin secretion and acute diphtheria toxin-mediated M5 tanycyte depletion results in impaired glucose tolerance in diet-induced obese mice. We provide a cellular and molecular framework that defines how bitter taste cells in the ME integrate chemosensation with metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Molecular Signaling (PZMS), Saarland University School of Medicine, Homburg, Germany
| | - Igor Gamayun
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Molecular Signaling (PZMS), Saarland University School of Medicine, Homburg, Germany
| | - Philipp Wartenberg
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Molecular Signaling (PZMS), Saarland University School of Medicine, Homburg, Germany
| | - Qian Zhang
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Sen Qiao
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Molecular Signaling (PZMS), Saarland University School of Medicine, Homburg, Germany
| | - Soumya Kusumakshi
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Molecular Signaling (PZMS), Saarland University School of Medicine, Homburg, Germany
| | - Sarah Candlish
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Molecular Signaling (PZMS), Saarland University School of Medicine, Homburg, Germany
| | - Viktoria Götz
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Molecular Signaling (PZMS), Saarland University School of Medicine, Homburg, Germany
| | - Shuping Wen
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Molecular Signaling (PZMS), Saarland University School of Medicine, Homburg, Germany
| | - Debajyoti Das
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Molecular Signaling (PZMS), Saarland University School of Medicine, Homburg, Germany
| | - Amanda Wyatt
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Molecular Signaling (PZMS), Saarland University School of Medicine, Homburg, Germany
| | - Vanessa Wahl
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Molecular Signaling (PZMS), Saarland University School of Medicine, Homburg, Germany
| | - Fabien Ectors
- FARAH Mammalian Transgenics Platform, Liège University, Liège, Belgium
| | - Kathrin Kattler
- Department of Genetics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Daniela Yildiz
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Molecular Signaling (PZMS), Saarland University School of Medicine, Homburg, Germany
| | - Vincent Prevot
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Postnatal Brain, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, UMR-S1172, Lille, France
| | - Markus Schwaninger
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Gaetan Ternier
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Postnatal Brain, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, UMR-S1172, Lille, France
| | - Paolo Giacobini
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Postnatal Brain, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, UMR-S1172, Lille, France
| | - Philippe Ciofi
- Neurocentre Magendie - INSERM Unit 1215, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Timo D Müller
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Boehm
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Molecular Signaling (PZMS), Saarland University School of Medicine, Homburg, Germany.
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21
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Shi T, Xu LL, Chen L, He J, Wang YK, Chen F, Chen Y, Giesy JP, Wang YT, Wu QH, Xu WL, Chen J, Xie P. Acute exposure to microcystins affects hypothalamic-pituitary axes of male rats. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 318:120843. [PMID: 36509348 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Microcystins (MCs) produced by some cyanobacteria can cause toxicity in animals and humans. In recent years, growing evidence suggests that MCs can act as endocrine disruptors. This research systematically investigated effects of microcystin-LR (MC-LR) on endocrine organs, biosynthesis of hormones and positive/negative feedback of the endocrine system in rats. Male, Sprague-Dawley rats were acutely administrated MC-LR by a single intraperitoneal injection at doses of 45, 67.5 or 90 μg MC-LR/kg body mass (bm), and then euthanized 24 h after exposure. In exposed rats, histological damage of hypothalamus, pituitary, adrenal, testis and thyroid were observed. Serum concentrations of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and corticosterone (CORT), expressions of genes and proteins for biosynthesis of hormones were lesser, which indicated an overall suppression of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Along the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis, lesser concentrations of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and testosterone (T), but greater concentrations of luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and estradiol (E2) were observed. Except for greater transcription of cyp19a1 in testes, transcriptions of genes and proteins for T and E2 biosynthesis along the HPG axis were lesser. As for the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis, after MCs treatment, greater concentrations of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), but lesser concentrations of free tri-iodothyronine (fT3) were observed in serum. Concentrations of free tetra-iodothyronine (fT4) were greater in rats dosed with 45 μg MCs/kg, bm, but lesser in rats dosed with 67.5 or 90 μg MCs/kg, bm. Transcripts of genes for biosynthesis of hormones and receptors along the HPT axis and expressions of proteins for biosynthesis of tetra-iodothyronine (T4) and tri-iodothyronine (T3) in thyroid were significantly altered. Cross-talk among the HPA, HPG and HPT axes probably occurred. It was concluded that MCs caused an imbalance of positive and negative feedback of hormonal regulatory axes, blocked biosynthesis of key hormones and exhibited endocrine-disrupting effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Shi
- Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology (IHB), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Wuhan, 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lin-Lin Xu
- Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology (IHB), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Wuhan, 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology (IHB), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Wuhan, 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing, 100049, China; Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Jun He
- Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology (IHB), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Wuhan, 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ye-Ke Wang
- Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology (IHB), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Wuhan, 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology (IHB), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Wuhan, 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yang Chen
- Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology (IHB), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Wuhan, 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing, 100049, China
| | - John P Giesy
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences and Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5B3, Canada; Department of Integrative Biology and Center for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, 1129 Farm Lane Road, East Lansing, MI, USA; Department of Environmental Sciences, Baylor University, Waco, TX, 76706, USA
| | - Yu-Ting Wang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241002, China
| | - Qian-Hui Wu
- School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241002, China
| | - Wen-Li Xu
- Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology (IHB), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Wuhan, 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology (IHB), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Wuhan, 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Ping Xie
- Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology (IHB), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Wuhan, 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing, 100049, China; Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China
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22
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Xiong J, Bao J, Hu W, Shang M, Zhang L. Whole-genome resequencing reveals genetic diversity and selection characteristics of dairy goat. Front Genet 2023; 13:1044017. [PMID: 36685859 PMCID: PMC9852865 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1044017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The dairy goat is one of the earliest dairy livestock species, which plays an important role in the economic development, especially for developing countries. With the development of agricultural civilization, dairy goats have been widely distributed across the world. However, few studies have been conducted on the specific characteristics of dairy goat. In this study, we collected the whole-genome data of 89 goat individuals by sequencing 48 goats and employing 41 publicly available goats, including five dairy goat breeds (Saanen, Nubian, Alpine, Toggenburg, and Guanzhong dairy goat; n = 24, 15, 11, 6, 6), and three goat breeds (Guishan goat, Longlin goat, Yunshang Black goat; n = 6, 15, 6). Through compared the genomes of dairy goat and non-dairy goat to analyze genetic diversity and selection characteristics of dairy goat. The results show that the eight goats could be divided into three subgroups of European, African, and Chinese indigenous goat populations, and we also found that Australian Nubian, Toggenburg, and Australian Alpine had the highest linkage disequilibrium, the lowest level of nucleotide diversity, and a higher inbreeding coefficient, indicating that they were strongly artificially selected. In addition, we identified several candidate genes related to the specificity of dairy goat, particularly genes associated with milk production traits (GHR, DGAT2, ELF5, GLYCAM1, ACSBG2, ACSS2), reproduction traits (TSHR, TSHB, PTGS2, ESR2), immunity traits (JAK1, POU2F2, LRRC66). Our results provide not only insights into the evolutionary history and breed characteristics of dairy goat, but also valuable information for the implementation and improvement of dairy goat cross breeding program.
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23
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Juvenile social isolation affects the structure of the tanycyte-vascular interface in the hypophyseal portal system of the adult mice. Neurochem Int 2023; 162:105439. [PMID: 36356785 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2022.105439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates that social stress in the juvenile period affects hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity in adulthood. The biological mechanisms underlying this phenomenon remain unclear. We aimed to elucidate them by comparing adult mice that had experienced social isolation from postnatal day 21-35 (juvenile social isolation (JSI) group) with those reared normally (control group). JSI group mice showed an attenuated HPA response to acute swim stress, while the control group had a normal response to this stress. Activity levels of the paraventricular nucleus in both groups were comparable, as shown by c-Fos immunoreactivities and mRNA expression of c-Fos, Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF), Glucocorticoid receptor, and Mineralocorticoid receptor. We found greater vascular coverage by tanycytic endfeet in the median eminence of the JSI group mice than in that of the control group mice under basal condition and after acute swim stress. Moreover, CRF content after acute swim stress was greater in the median eminence of the JSI group mice than in that of the control group mice. The attenuated HPA response to acute swim stress was specific to JSI group mice, but not to control group mice. Although a direct link awaits further experiments, tanycyte morphological changes in the median eminence could be related to the HPA response.
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24
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Bakker W, Imbernon M, Salinas CG, Moro Chao DH, Hassouna R, Morel C, Martin C, Leger C, Denis RG, Castel J, Peter A, Heni M, Maetzler W, Nielsen HS, Duquenne M, Schwaninger M, Lundh S, Johan Hogendorf WF, Gangarossa G, Secher A, Hecksher-Sørensen J, Pedersen TÅ, Prevot V, Luquet S. Acute changes in systemic glycemia gate access and action of GLP-1R agonist on brain structures controlling energy homeostasis. Cell Rep 2022; 41:111698. [PMID: 36417883 PMCID: PMC9715912 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapies based on glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) long-acting analogs and insulin are often used in the treatment of metabolic diseases. Both insulin and GLP-1 receptors are expressed in metabolically relevant brain regions, suggesting a cooperative action. However, the mechanisms underlying the synergistic actions of insulin and GLP-1R agonists remain elusive. In this study, we show that insulin-induced hypoglycemia enhances GLP-1R agonists entry in hypothalamic and area, leading to enhanced whole-body fat oxidation. Mechanistically, this phenomenon relies on the release of tanycyctic vascular endothelial growth factor A, which is selectively impaired after calorie-rich diet exposure. In humans, low blood glucose also correlates with enhanced blood-to-brain passage of insulin, suggesting that blood glucose gates the passage other energy-related signals in the brain. This study implies that the preventing hyperglycemia is important to harnessing the full benefit of GLP-1R agonist entry in the brain and action onto lipid mobilization and body weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wineke Bakker
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, 75013 Paris, France,Global Drug Discovery, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark,Corresponding author
| | - Monica Imbernon
- University Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, EGID, UMR-S 1172, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Casper Gravesen Salinas
- Global Drug Discovery, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark,Image Analysis & Computer Graphics, Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark,Gubra ApS, Hørsholm Kongevej 11B, 2970 Hørsholm, Denmark
| | | | - Rim Hassouna
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Chloe Morel
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Claire Martin
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Caroline Leger
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Raphael G.P. Denis
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, 75013 Paris, France,Institut Cochin, Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Julien Castel
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Andreas Peter
- Institute of Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases (IDM) of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen, Germany,Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Department for Diagnostic Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Martin Heni
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nephrology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany,Institute of Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases (IDM) of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Walter Maetzler
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Center of Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tübingen, Germany,Department of Neurology, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Manon Duquenne
- University Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, EGID, UMR-S 1172, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Markus Schwaninger
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Sofia Lundh
- Global Drug Discovery, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark
| | | | - Giuseppe Gangarossa
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Anna Secher
- Global Drug Discovery, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark
| | - Jacob Hecksher-Sørensen
- Global Drug Discovery, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark,Gubra ApS, Hørsholm Kongevej 11B, 2970 Hørsholm, Denmark
| | | | - Vincent Prevot
- University Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, EGID, UMR-S 1172, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Serge Luquet
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, 75013 Paris, France,Corresponding author
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25
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Miyata S. Glial functions in the blood-brain communication at the circumventricular organs. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:991779. [PMID: 36278020 PMCID: PMC9583022 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.991779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The circumventricular organs (CVOs) are located around the brain ventricles, lack a blood-brain barrier (BBB) and sense blood-derived molecules. This review discusses recent advances in the importance of CVO functions, especially glial cells transferring periphery inflammation signals to the brain. The CVOs show size-limited vascular permeability, allowing the passage of molecules with molecular weight <10,000. This indicates that the lack of an endothelial cell barrier does not mean the free movement of blood-derived molecules into the CVO parenchyma. Astrocytes and tanycytes constitute a dense barrier at the distal CVO subdivision, preventing the free diffusion of blood-derived molecules into neighboring brain regions. Tanycytes in the CVOs mediate communication between cerebrospinal fluid and brain parenchyma via transcytosis. Microglia and macrophages of the CVOs are essential for transmitting peripheral information to other brain regions via toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2). Inhibition of TLR2 signaling or depletion of microglia and macrophages in the brain eliminates TLR2-dependent inflammatory responses. In contrast to TLR2, astrocytes and tanycytes in the CVOs of the brain are crucial for initiating lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory responses via TLR4. Depletion of microglia and macrophages augments LPS-induced fever and chronic sickness responses. Microglia and macrophages in the CVOs are continuously activated, even under normal physiological conditions, as they exhibit activated morphology and express the M1/M2 marker proteins. Moreover, the microglial proliferation occurs in various regions, such as the hypothalamus, medulla oblongata, and telencephalon, with a marked increase in the CVOs, due to low-dose LPS administration, and after high-dose LPS administration, proliferation is seen in most brain regions, except for the cerebral cortex and hippocampus. A transient increase in the microglial population is beneficial during LPS-induced inflammation for attenuating sickness response. Transient receptor potential receptor vanilloid 1 expressed in astrocytes and tanycytes of the CVOs is responsible for thermoregulation upon exposure to a warm environment less than 37°C. Alternatively, Nax expressed in astrocytes and tanycytes of the CVOs is crucial for maintaining body fluid homeostasis. Thus, recent findings indicate that glial cells in the brain CVOs are essential for initiating neuroinflammatory responses and maintaining body fluid and thermal homeostasis.
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26
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Nampoothiri S, Nogueiras R, Schwaninger M, Prevot V. Glial cells as integrators of peripheral and central signals in the regulation of energy homeostasis. Nat Metab 2022; 4:813-825. [PMID: 35879459 PMCID: PMC7613794 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-022-00610-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Communication between the periphery and the brain is key for maintaining energy homeostasis. To do so, peripheral signals from the circulation reach the brain via the circumventricular organs (CVOs), which are characterized by fenestrated vessels lacking the protective blood-brain barrier (BBB). Glial cells, by virtue of their plasticity and their ideal location at the interface of blood vessels and neurons, participate in the integration and transmission of peripheral information to neuronal networks in the brain for the neuroendocrine control of whole-body metabolism. Metabolic diseases, such as obesity and type 2 diabetes, can disrupt the brain-to-periphery communication mediated by glial cells, highlighting the relevance of these cell types in the pathophysiology of such complications. An improved understanding of how glial cells integrate and respond to metabolic and humoral signals has become a priority for the discovery of promising therapeutic strategies to treat metabolic disorders. This Review highlights the role of glial cells in the exchange of metabolic signals between the periphery and the brain that are relevant for the regulation of whole-body energy homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreekala Nampoothiri
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, UMR-S1172, EGID, DISTALZ, Lille, France
| | - Ruben Nogueiras
- Universidade de Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigation Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutrition, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Markus Schwaninger
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Vincent Prevot
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, UMR-S1172, EGID, DISTALZ, Lille, France.
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Hoermann R, Pekker MJ, Midgley JEM, Larisch R, Dietrich JW. Principles of Endocrine Regulation: Reconciling Tensions Between Robustness in Performance and Adaptation to Change. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:825107. [PMID: 35757421 PMCID: PMC9219553 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.825107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Endocrine regulation in the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis is orchestrated by physiological circuits which integrate multiple internal and external influences. Essentially, it provides either of the two responses to overt biological challenges: to defend the homeostatic range of a target hormone or adapt it to changing environmental conditions. Under certain conditions, such flexibility may exceed the capability of a simple feedback control loop, rather requiring more intricate networks of communication between the system's components. A new minimal mathematical model, in the form of a parametrized nonlinear dynamical system, is here formulated as a proof-of-concept to elucidate the principles of the HPT axis regulation. In particular, it allows uncovering mechanisms for the homeostasis of the key biologically active hormone free triiodothyronine (FT3). One mechanism supports the preservation of FT3 homeostasis, whilst the other is responsible for the adaptation of the homeostatic state to a new level. Together these allow optimum resilience in stressful situations. Preservation of FT3 homeostasis, despite changes in FT4 and TSH levels, is found to be an achievable system goal by joining elements of top-down and bottom-up regulation in a cascade of targeted feedforward and feedback loops. Simultaneously, the model accounts for the combination of properties regarded as essential to endocrine regulation, namely sensitivity, the anticipation of an adverse event, robustness, and adaptation. The model therefore offers fundamental theoretical insights into the effective system control of the HPT axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudolf Hoermann
- Department for Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum Lüdenscheid, Lüdenscheid, Germany
| | - Mark J. Pekker
- Mathematical Sciences Department, University of Alabama, Huntsville, AL, United States
| | | | - Rolf Larisch
- Department for Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum Lüdenscheid, Lüdenscheid, Germany
| | - Johannes W. Dietrich
- Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism Section, Department of Medicine I, St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University of Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- Diabetes Centre Bochum/Hattingen, Ruhr University of Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- Ruhr Center for Rare Diseases (CeSER), Ruhr University of Bochum and Witten/Herdecke University, Bochum, Germany
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Hypothalamic remodeling of thyroid hormone signaling during hibernation in the arctic ground squirrel. Commun Biol 2022; 5:492. [PMID: 35606540 PMCID: PMC9126913 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03431-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hibernation involves prolonged intervals of profound metabolic suppression periodically interrupted by brief arousals to euthermy, the function of which is unknown. Annual cycles in mammals are timed by a photoperiodically-regulated thyroid-hormone-dependent mechanism in hypothalamic tanycytes, driven by thyrotropin (TSH) in the pars tuberalis (PT), which regulates local TH-converting deiodinases and triggers remodeling of neuroendocrine pathways. We demonstrate that over the course of hibernation in continuous darkness, arctic ground squirrels (Urocitellus parryii) up-regulate the retrograde TSH/Deiodinase/TH pathway, remodel hypothalamic tanycytes, and activate the reproductive axis. Forcing the premature termination of hibernation by warming animals induced hypothalamic deiodinase expression and the accumulation of secretory granules in PT thyrotrophs and pituitary gonadotrophs, but did not further activate the reproductive axis. We suggest that periodic arousals may allow for the transient activation of hypothalamic thyroid hormone signaling, cellular remodeling, and re-programming of brain circuits in preparation for the short Arctic summer. Arctic ground squirrels hibernating in darkness activate the pars tuberalis - hypothalamus thyroid hormone signaling pathway, remodel hypothalamic tanycytes, and activate the reproductive axis.
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Sullivan AI, Potthoff MJ, Flippo KH. Tany-Seq: Integrated Analysis of the Mouse Tanycyte Transcriptome. Cells 2022; 11:1565. [PMID: 35563871 PMCID: PMC9104898 DOI: 10.3390/cells11091565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability to maintain energy homeostasis is necessary for survival. Recently, an emerging role for ependymogial cells, which line the third ventricle in the hypothalamus in the regulation of energy homeostasis, has been appreciated. These cells are called tanycytes and are physically at the interface of brain communication with peripheral organs and have been proposed to mediate the transport of circulating hormones from the third ventricle into the parenchyma of the hypothalamus. Despite the important role tanycytes have been proposed to play in mediating communication from the periphery to the brain, we understand very little about the ontology and function of these cells due to their limited abundance and lack of ability to genetically target this cell population reliably. To overcome these hurdles, we integrated existing hypothalamic single cell RNA sequencing data, focusing on tanycytes, to allow for more in-depth characterization of tanycytic cell types and their putative functions. Overall, we expect this dataset to serve as a resource for the research community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew I. Sullivan
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Iowa Carver, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (A.I.S.); (M.J.P.)
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Iowa Neuroscience Institute, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Matthew J. Potthoff
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Iowa Carver, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (A.I.S.); (M.J.P.)
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Iowa Neuroscience Institute, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Kyle H. Flippo
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Iowa Carver, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (A.I.S.); (M.J.P.)
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Iowa Neuroscience Institute, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
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Prevot V, Sharif A. The polygamous GnRH neuron: Astrocytic and tanycytic communication with a neuroendocrine neuronal population. J Neuroendocrinol 2022; 34:e13104. [PMID: 35233849 DOI: 10.1111/jne.13104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
To ensure the survival of the species, hypothalamic neuroendocrine circuits controlling fertility, which converge onto neurons producing gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), must respond to fluctuating physiological conditions by undergoing rapid and reversible structural and functional changes. However, GnRH neurons do not act alone, but through reciprocal interactions with multiple hypothalamic cell populations, including several glial and endothelial cell types. For instance, it has long been known that in the hypothalamic median eminence, where GnRH axons terminate and release their neurohormone into the pituitary portal blood circulation, morphological plasticity displayed by distal processes of tanycytes modifies their relationship with adjacent neurons as well as the spatial properties of the neurohemal junction. These alterations not only regulate the capacity of GnRH neurons to release their neurohormone, but also the activation of discrete non-neuronal pathways that mediate feedback by peripheral hormones onto the hypothalamus. Additionally, a recent breakthrough has demonstrated that GnRH neurons themselves orchestrate the establishment of their neuroendocrine circuitry during postnatal development by recruiting an entourage of newborn astrocytes that escort them into adulthood and, via signalling through gliotransmitters such as prostaglandin E2, modulate their activity and GnRH release. Intriguingly, several environmental and behavioural toxins perturb these neuron-glia interactions and consequently, reproductive maturation and fertility. Deciphering the communication between GnRH neurons and other neural cell types constituting hypothalamic neuroendocrine circuits is thus critical both to understanding physiological processes such as puberty, oestrous cyclicity and aging, and to developing novel therapeutic strategies for dysfunctions of these processes, including the effects of endocrine disruptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Prevot
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, UMR-S1172, FHU 1000 Days for Health, Lille, France
| | - Ariane Sharif
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, UMR-S1172, FHU 1000 Days for Health, Lille, France
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Moore A, Chinnaiya K, Kim DW, Brown S, Stewart I, Robins S, Dowsett GKC, Muir C, Travaglio M, Lewis JE, Ebling F, Blackshaw S, Furley A, Placzek M. Loss of Function of the Neural Cell Adhesion Molecule NrCAM Regulates Differentiation, Proliferation and Neurogenesis in Early Postnatal Hypothalamic Tanycytes. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:832961. [PMID: 35464310 PMCID: PMC9022636 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.832961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypothalamic tanycytes are neural stem and progenitor cells, but little is known of how they are regulated. Here we provide evidence that the cell adhesion molecule, NrCAM, regulates tanycytes in the adult niche. NrCAM is strongly expressed in adult mouse tanycytes. Immunohistochemical and in situ hybridization analysis revealed that NrCAM loss of function leads to both a reduced number of tanycytes and reduced expression of tanycyte-specific cell markers, along with a small reduction in tyrosine hydroxylase-positive arcuate neurons. Similar analyses of NrCAM mutants at E16 identify few changes in gene expression or cell composition, indicating that NrCAM regulates tanycytes, rather than early embryonic hypothalamic development. Neurosphere and organotypic assays support the idea that NrCAM governs cellular homeostasis. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-Seq) shows that tanycyte-specific genes, including a number that are implicated in thyroid hormone metabolism, show reduced expression in the mutant mouse. However, the mild tanycyte depletion and loss of markers observed in NrCAM-deficient mice were associated with only a subtle metabolic phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Moore
- School of Biosciences, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Bateson Centre, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Neuroscience Institute, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Kavitha Chinnaiya
- School of Biosciences, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Bateson Centre, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Neuroscience Institute, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Dong Won Kim
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Sarah Brown
- School of Biosciences, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Bateson Centre, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Neuroscience Institute, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Iain Stewart
- School of Biosciences, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Bateson Centre, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Neuroscience Institute, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Robins
- School of Biosciences, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Bateson Centre, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Neuroscience Institute, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Georgina K. C. Dowsett
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science-Metabolic Research Laboratories, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte Muir
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Marco Travaglio
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Jo E. Lewis
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science-Metabolic Research Laboratories, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Fran Ebling
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Seth Blackshaw
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Andrew Furley
- School of Biosciences, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Bateson Centre, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Neuroscience Institute, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Marysia Placzek
- School of Biosciences, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Bateson Centre, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Neuroscience Institute, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
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32
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Transcytosis of tanycytes in the circumventricular organs of adult mouse brain. Neurosci Lett 2022; 779:136633. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2022.136633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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33
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Tran LT, Park S, Kim SK, Lee JS, Kim KW, Kwon O. Hypothalamic control of energy expenditure and thermogenesis. Exp Mol Med 2022; 54:358-369. [PMID: 35301430 PMCID: PMC9076616 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-022-00741-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Energy expenditure and energy intake need to be balanced to maintain proper energy homeostasis. Energy homeostasis is tightly regulated by the central nervous system, and the hypothalamus is the primary center for the regulation of energy balance. The hypothalamus exerts its effect through both humoral and neuronal mechanisms, and each hypothalamic area has a distinct role in the regulation of energy expenditure. Recent studies have advanced the understanding of the molecular regulation of energy expenditure and thermogenesis in the hypothalamus with targeted manipulation techniques of the mouse genome and neuronal function. In this review, we elucidate recent progress in understanding the mechanism of how the hypothalamus affects basal metabolism, modulates physical activity, and adapts to environmental temperature and food intake changes. The hypothalamus is a key regulator of metabolism, controlling resting metabolism, activity levels, and responses to external temperature and food intake. The balance between energy intake and expenditure must be tightly controlled, with imbalances resulting in metabolic disorders such as obesity or diabetes. Obin Kwon at Seoul National University College of Medicine and Ki Woo Kim at Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, both in South Korea, and coworkers reviewed how metabolism is regulated by the hypothalamus, a small hormone-producing brain region. They report that hormonal and neuronal signals from the hypothalamus influence the ratio of lean to fatty tissue, gender-based differences in metabolism, activity levels, and weight gain in response to food intake. They note that further studies to untangle cause-and-effect relationships and other genetic factors will improve our understanding of metabolic regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Trung Tran
- Departments of Oral Biology and Applied Biological Science, BK21 Four, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Sohee Park
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea.,Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Seul Ki Kim
- Departments of Oral Biology and Applied Biological Science, BK21 Four, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Jin Sun Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea.,Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Ki Woo Kim
- Departments of Oral Biology and Applied Biological Science, BK21 Four, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, 03722, Korea.
| | - Obin Kwon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea. .,Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea.
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34
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Zhang X, Sun Y, Gao Y, Liu Z, Ding J, Zhang C, Liu W, Zhang H, Zhuang S. Thyroid Dysfunction of Zebrafish ( Danio rerio) after Early-Life Exposure and Discontinued Exposure to Tetrabromobiphenyl (BB-80) and OH-BB-80. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:2519-2528. [PMID: 35075897 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c07767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
3,3',5,5'-Tetrabromobiphenyl (BB-80) was once used as additive flame retardants. Whether its early exposure and discontinued exposure alter thyroid function remains unknown. We investigate adverse effects after early-life exposure and discontinued exposure to BB-80 and hydroxylated BB-80 (OH-BB-80) on thyroid hormone (TH) levels, thyroid tissue, and transcriptome profiles in zebrafish larvae. BB-80 at 10 μg/L induces pathological changes of thyroid with reduced thyroid follicles in larvae (P < 0.05), whereas OH-BB-80 significantly increases T4 and T3 contents (1.8 and 2.5 times of the control, P < 0.05) at 14 days postfertilization (dpf) without morphological thyroid alterations. BB-80 and OH-BB-80 cause transcriptome aberrations with key differentially expressed genes involved in the disruption of TH synthesis and signal transduction (BB-80 at 14 dpf) or TH pathway activation (OH-BB-80 at 21 dpf). After 7 days of discontinued exposure, thyroglobulin (tg) and thyroid peroxidase (tpo) genes are downregulated (P < 0.05) by 52 and 48% for BB-80 and by 49 and 39% for OH-BB-80, respectively; however, the whole-body TH levels fail to fully recover, and the locomotor activity is impaired more by BB-80. Our results indicate significant adverse impacts of BB-80 and OH-BB-80 on TH homeostasis and thyroid function of zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Yumiao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yuchen Gao
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhiquan Liu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Jiafeng Ding
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Chunlong Zhang
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Houston, Clear Lake, Texas 77058, United States
| | - Weiping Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Hangjun Zhang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Shulin Zhuang
- Women's Reproductive Health Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Environment and Resources Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Environment and Resources Education, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Rodríguez-Cortés B, Hurtado-Alvarado G, Martínez-Gómez R, León-Mercado LA, Prager-Khoutorsky M, Buijs RM. Suprachiasmatic nucleus-mediated glucose entry into the arcuate nucleus determines the daily rhythm in blood glycemia. Curr Biol 2022; 32:796-805.e4. [PMID: 35030330 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2021.12.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Glycemia is maintained within very narrow boundaries with less than 5% variation at a given time of the day. However, over the circadian cycle, glycemia changes with almost 50% difference. How the suprachiasmatic nucleus, the biological clock, maintains these day-night variations with such tiny disparities remains obscure. We show that via vasopressin release at the beginning of the sleep phase, the suprachiasmatic nucleus increases the glucose transporter GLUT1 in tanycytes. Hereby GLUT1 promotes glucose entrance into the arcuate nucleus, thereby lowering peripheral glycemia. Conversely, blocking vasopressin activity or the GLUT1 transporter at the daily trough of glycemia increases circulating glucose levels usually seen at the peak of the rhythm. Thus, biological clock-controlled mechanisms promoting glucose entry into the arcuate nucleus explain why peripheral blood glucose is low before sleep onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betty Rodríguez-Cortés
- Department of Cellular Biology and Physiology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mario de la Cueva Circuit, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Gabriela Hurtado-Alvarado
- Department of Cellular Biology and Physiology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mario de la Cueva Circuit, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Ricardo Martínez-Gómez
- Department of Cellular Biology and Physiology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mario de la Cueva Circuit, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Luis A León-Mercado
- Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Hypothalamic Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Masha Prager-Khoutorsky
- Department of Physiology, McIntyre Medical Sciences Building, McGill University, 3655 Promenade Sir-William-Osler, Montréal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Ruud M Buijs
- Department of Cellular Biology and Physiology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mario de la Cueva Circuit, Mexico City 04510, Mexico.
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Clayton RW, Lovell-Badge R, Galichet C. The Properties and Functions of Glial Cell Types of the Hypothalamic Median Eminence. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:953995. [PMID: 35966104 PMCID: PMC9363565 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.953995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The median eminence (ME) is part of the neuroendocrine system (NES) that functions as a crucial interface between the hypothalamus and pituitary gland. The ME contains many non-neuronal cell types, including oligodendrocytes, oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs), tanycytes, astrocytes, pericytes, microglia and other immune cells, which may be involved in the regulation of NES function. For example, in mice, ablation of tanycytes (a special class of ependymal glia with stem cell-like functions) results in weight gain, feeding, insulin insensitivity and increased visceral adipose, consistent with the demonstrated ability of these cells to sense and transport both glucose and leptin, and to differentiate into neurons that control feeding and metabolism in the hypothalamus. To give a further example, OPCs in the ME of mice have been shown to rapidly respond to dietary signals, in turn controlling composition of the extracellular matrix in the ME, derived from oligodendrocyte-lineage cells, which may contribute to the previously described role of these cells in actively maintaining leptin-receptor-expressing dendrites in the ME. In this review, we explore and discuss recent advances such as these, that have developed our understanding of how the various cell types of the ME contribute to its function in the NES as the interface between the hypothalamus and pituitary gland. We also highlight avenues of future research which promise to uncover additional functions of the ME and the glia, stem and progenitor cells it contains.
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Kővári D, Penksza V, Szilvásy-Szabó A, Sinkó R, Gereben B, Mackie K, Fekete C. Tanycyte specific ablation of diacylglycerol lipase alpha stimulates the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis by decreasing the endocannabinoid mediated inhibition of TRH release. J Neuroendocrinol 2022; 34:e13079. [PMID: 34970803 DOI: 10.1111/jne.13079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In addition to the hypophysiotropic thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)-synthesizing neurons, a glial cell type, the tanycytes, also play a role in the regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis. Tanycytes modulate the feedback regulation of the axis by regulating the local thyroid hormone availability in the median eminence where the hypophysiotropic axons terminate. Recently, we showed that tanycytes produce diacylglycerol lipase alpha (DAGLα), the synthesizing enzyme of the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) that inhibits the release of TRH from the hypophysiotropic terminals in median eminence explants. To determine the importance of the endocannabinoid production of tanycytes, adult male Rax-CreERT2//DAGLαfl/fl mice were treated with tamoxifen to induce a tanycyte specific decrease of DAGLα expression (T-DAGLα KO). The effect of this genetic manipulation on the activity of the HPT axis was determined. Tanycyte specific decrease of DAGLα expression resulted in an approximately 2-fold increase of TSHβ mRNA level that was accompanied by increased levels of circulating free T4. The TRH mRNA level was, however, not influenced by the genetic manipulation. In addition to the effects on the HPT axis, the T-DAGLα KO mice showed increased fat mass ratio and decreased blood glucose levels. These data indicate that when endocannabinoid release of tanycytes is decreased, the disinhibition of the TRH release induces increased TSH synthesis and higher circulating T4 levels. Thus it suggests that in wild-type mice, tanycytes exert a tonic inhibitory effect on the TRH release of hypophysiotropic axons. Furthermore, the endocannabinoid release of tanycytes also influences glucose homeostasis and fat deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dóra Kővári
- Laboratory of Integrative Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
- János Szentágothai Doctoral School of Neurosciences, Neuroendocrinology Program, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Veronika Penksza
- Laboratory of Integrative Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anett Szilvásy-Szabó
- Laboratory of Integrative Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Richárd Sinkó
- János Szentágothai Doctoral School of Neurosciences, Neuroendocrinology Program, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Metabolism, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Balázs Gereben
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Metabolism, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ken Mackie
- Gill Center for Biomolecular Science, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Csaba Fekete
- Laboratory of Integrative Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
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Kapri D, Fanibunda SE, Vaidya VA. Thyroid hormone regulation of adult hippocampal neurogenesis: Putative molecular and cellular mechanisms. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2021; 118:1-33. [PMID: 35180924 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2021.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Adult hippocampal neurogenesis is sensitive to perturbations in thyroid hormone signaling, with evidence supporting a key role for thyroid hormone and thyroid hormone receptors (TRs) in the regulation of postmitotic progenitor survival and neuronal differentiation. In this book chapter we summarize the current understanding of the effects of thyroid hormone signaling on adult hippocampal progenitor development, and also critically address the role of TRs in regulation of distinct aspects of stage-specific hippocampal progenitor progression. We highlight actions of thyroid hormone on thyroid hormone responsive target genes, and the implications for hippocampal progenitor regulation. Given the influence of thyroid hormone on both mitochondrial and lipid metabolism, we discuss a putative role for regulation of metabolism in the effects of thyroid hormone on adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Finally, we highlight specific ideas that require detailed experimental investigation, and the need for future studies to obtain a deeper mechanistic insight into the influence of thyroid hormone and TRs in the developmental progression of adult hippocampal progenitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darshana Kapri
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, India
| | - Sashaina E Fanibunda
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, India; Medical Research Centre, Kasturba Health Society, Mumbai, India
| | - Vidita A Vaidya
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, India.
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Porniece Kumar M, Cremer AL, Klemm P, Steuernagel L, Sundaram S, Jais A, Hausen AC, Tao J, Secher A, Pedersen TÅ, Schwaninger M, Wunderlich FT, Lowell BB, Backes H, Brüning JC. Insulin signalling in tanycytes gates hypothalamic insulin uptake and regulation of AgRP neuron activity. Nat Metab 2021; 3:1662-1679. [PMID: 34931084 PMCID: PMC8688146 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-021-00499-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Insulin acts on neurons and glial cells to regulate systemic glucose metabolism and feeding. However, the mechanisms of insulin access in discrete brain regions are incompletely defined. Here we show that insulin receptors in tanycytes, but not in brain endothelial cells, are required to regulate insulin access to the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus. Mice lacking insulin receptors in tanycytes (IR∆Tan mice) exhibit systemic insulin resistance, while displaying normal food intake and energy expenditure. Tanycytic insulin receptors are also necessary for the orexigenic effects of ghrelin, but not for the anorexic effects of leptin. IR∆Tan mice exhibit increased agouti-related peptide (AgRP) neuronal activity, while displaying blunted AgRP neuronal adaptations to feeding-related stimuli. Lastly, a highly palatable food decreases tanycytic and arcuate nucleus insulin signalling to levels comparable to those seen in IR∆Tan mice. These changes are rooted in modifications of cellular stress responses and of mitochondrial protein quality control in tanycytes. Conclusively, we reveal a critical role of tanycyte insulin receptors in gating feeding-state-dependent regulation of AgRP neurons and systemic insulin sensitivity, and show that insulin resistance in tanycytes contributes to the pleiotropic manifestations of obesity-associated insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Porniece Kumar
- Department of Neuronal Control of Metabolism, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany
| | - Anna Lena Cremer
- Department of Neuronal Control of Metabolism, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany
| | - Paul Klemm
- Department of Neuronal Control of Metabolism, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany
| | - Lukas Steuernagel
- Department of Neuronal Control of Metabolism, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sivaraj Sundaram
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Alexander Jais
- Department of Neuronal Control of Metabolism, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - A Christine Hausen
- Department of Neuronal Control of Metabolism, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jenkang Tao
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anna Secher
- Global Drug Discovery, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark
| | | | - Markus Schwaninger
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - F Thomas Wunderlich
- Department of Neuronal Control of Metabolism, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany
| | - Bradford B Lowell
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Heiko Backes
- Department of Neuronal Control of Metabolism, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jens C Brüning
- Department of Neuronal Control of Metabolism, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany.
- Policlinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (CEDP), University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
- National Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany.
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Fallahshahroudi A, Johnsson M, Sorato E, Ubhayasekera SJKA, Bergquist J, Altimiras J, Jensen P. Effects of the domestic thyroid stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR) variant on the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis and behavior in chicken. Genetics 2021; 217:1-9. [PMID: 33683367 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/iyaa050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Domestic chickens are less fearful, have a faster sexual development, grow bigger, and lay more eggs than their primary ancestor, the red junglefowl. Several candidate genetic variants selected during domestication have been identified, but only a few studies have directly linked them with distinct phenotypic traits. Notably, a variant of the thyroid stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR) gene has been under strong positive selection over the past millennium, but it's function and mechanisms of action are still largely unresolved. We therefore assessed the abundance of the domestic TSHR variant and possible genomic selection signatures in an extensive data set comprising multiple commercial and village chicken populations as well as wild-living extant members of the genus Gallus. Furthermore, by mean of extensive backcrossing we introgressed the wild-type TSHR variant from red junglefowl into domestic White Leghorn chickens and investigated gene expression, hormone levels, cold adaptation, and behavior in chickens possessing either the wild-type or domestic TSHR variant. While the domestic TSHR was the most common variant in all studied domestic populations and in one of two red junglefowl population, it was not detected in the other Gallus species. Functionally, the individuals with the domestic TSHR variant had a lower expression of the TSHR in the hypothalamus and marginally higher in the thyroid gland than wild-type TSHR individuals. Expression of TSHB and DIO2, two regulators of sexual maturity and reproduction in birds, was higher in the pituitary gland of the domestic-variant chickens. Furthermore, the domestic variant was associated with higher activity in the open field test. Our findings confirm that the spread of the domestic TSHR variant is limited to domesticated chickens, and to a lesser extent, their wild counterpart, the red junglefowl. Furthermore, we showed that effects of genetic variability in TSHR mirror key differences in gene expression and behavior previously described between the red junglefowl and domestic chicken.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Fallahshahroudi
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Biomedical Center (BMC), Uppsala University, Uppsala 752 37, Sweden
| | - Martin Johnsson
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala 750 07, Sweden
| | - Enrico Sorato
- Reneco International Wildlife Consultants, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | | | - Jonas Bergquist
- Department of Chemistry, Biomedical Center (BMC), Uppsala University, Uppsala 75124, Sweden
| | - Jordi Altimiras
- AVIAN Behavioural Genomics and Physiology Group, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, Linköping 58183, Sweden
| | - Per Jensen
- AVIAN Behavioural Genomics and Physiology Group, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, Linköping 58183, Sweden
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Duquenne M, Folgueira C, Bourouh C, Millet M, Silva A, Clasadonte J, Imbernon M, Fernandois D, Martinez-Corral I, Kusumakshi S, Caron E, Rasika S, Deliglia E, Jouy N, Oishi A, Mazzone M, Trinquet E, Tavernier J, Kim YB, Ory S, Jockers R, Schwaninger M, Boehm U, Nogueiras R, Annicotte JS, Gasman S, Dam J, Prévot V. Leptin brain entry via a tanycytic LepR-EGFR shuttle controls lipid metabolism and pancreas function. Nat Metab 2021; 3:1071-1090. [PMID: 34341568 PMCID: PMC7611554 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-021-00432-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic health depends on the brain's ability to control food intake and nutrient use versus storage, processes that require peripheral signals such as the adipocyte-derived hormone, leptin, to cross brain barriers and mobilize regulatory circuits. We have previously shown that hypothalamic tanycytes shuttle leptin into the brain to reach target neurons. Here, using multiple complementary models, we show that tanycytes express functional leptin receptor (LepR), respond to leptin by triggering Ca2+ waves and target protein phosphorylation, and that their transcytotic transport of leptin requires the activation of a LepR-EGFR complex by leptin and EGF sequentially. Selective deletion of LepR in tanycytes blocks leptin entry into the brain, inducing not only increased food intake and lipogenesis but also glucose intolerance through attenuated insulin secretion by pancreatic β-cells, possibly via altered sympathetic nervous tone. Tanycytic LepRb-EGFR-mediated transport of leptin could thus be crucial to the pathophysiology of diabetes in addition to obesity, with therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon Duquenne
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, UMR-S1172, EGID, DISTALZ, Lille, France
| | - Cintia Folgueira
- Universidade de Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Cyril Bourouh
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, CNRS, U1283-UMR 8199-EGID, Lille, France
| | - Marion Millet
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, Strasbourg, France
| | - Anisia Silva
- Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, University Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Jérôme Clasadonte
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, UMR-S1172, EGID, DISTALZ, Lille, France
| | - Monica Imbernon
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, UMR-S1172, EGID, DISTALZ, Lille, France
| | - Daniela Fernandois
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, UMR-S1172, EGID, DISTALZ, Lille, France
| | - Ines Martinez-Corral
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, UMR-S1172, EGID, DISTALZ, Lille, France
| | - Soumya Kusumakshi
- Experimental Pharmacology, Center for Molecular Signaling, Saarland University School of Medicine, Homburg, Germany
| | - Emilie Caron
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, UMR-S1172, EGID, DISTALZ, Lille, France
| | - S Rasika
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, UMR-S1172, EGID, DISTALZ, Lille, France
| | - Eleonora Deliglia
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, UMR-S1172, EGID, DISTALZ, Lille, France
| | - Nathalie Jouy
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, UMR-S1172, EGID, DISTALZ, Lille, France
- Flow Cytometry Core Facility, BioImaging Center of Lille, Hospital Campus, UMS2014-US41, Lille, France
| | - Asturo Oishi
- Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, University Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Massimiliano Mazzone
- Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Department of Oncology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Eric Trinquet
- Cisbio Bioassays, Parc Technologique Marcel Boiteux, Codolet, France
| | - Jan Tavernier
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, Gent, Belgium
| | - Young-Bum Kim
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stéphane Ory
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, Strasbourg, France
| | - Ralf Jockers
- Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, University Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Markus Schwaninger
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Ulrich Boehm
- Experimental Pharmacology, Center for Molecular Signaling, Saarland University School of Medicine, Homburg, Germany
| | - Ruben Nogueiras
- Universidade de Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Jean-Sébastien Annicotte
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, CNRS, U1283-UMR 8199-EGID, Lille, France
| | - Stéphane Gasman
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, Strasbourg, France
| | - Julie Dam
- Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, University Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Vincent Prévot
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, UMR-S1172, EGID, DISTALZ, Lille, France.
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Lhomme T, Clasadonte J, Imbernon M, Fernandois D, Sauve F, Caron E, Lima N, Heras V, Martinez-Corral I, Müller-Fielitz H, Rasika S, Schwaninger M, Nogueiras R, Prevot V. Tanycytic networks mediate energy balance by feeding lactate to glucose-insensitive POMC neurons. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:e140521. [PMID: 34324439 DOI: 10.1172/jci140521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypothalamic glucose sensing enables an organism to match energy expenditure and food intake to circulating levels of glucose, the main energy source of the brain. Here, we established that tanycytes of the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus, specialized glia that line the wall of the third ventricle, convert brain glucose supplies into lactate that they transmit through monocarboxylate transporters to arcuate proopiomelanocortin neurons, which integrate this signal to drive their activity and to adapt the metabolic response to meet physiological demands. Furthermore, this transmission required the formation of extensive Connexin-43 gap-junction-mediated metabolic networks by arcuate tanycytes. Selectively suppressing either tanycytic monocarboxylate transporters or gap junctions resulted in altered feeding behavior and energy metabolism. Tanycytic intercellular communication and lactate production are thus integral to the mechanism by which hypothalamic neurons that regulate energy and glucose homeostasis efficiently perceive alterations in systemic glucose levels as a function of the physiological state of the organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tori Lhomme
- Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, INSERM U1172, Lille, France
| | - Jerome Clasadonte
- Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, INSERM U1172, Lille, France
| | - Monica Imbernon
- Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, INSERM U1172, Lille, France
| | - Daniela Fernandois
- Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, INSERM U1172, Lille, France
| | - Florent Sauve
- Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, INSERM U1172, Lille, France
| | - Emilie Caron
- Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, INSERM U1172, Lille, France
| | - Natalia Lima
- CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Violeta Heras
- CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ines Martinez-Corral
- Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, INSERM U1172, Lille, France
| | - Helge Müller-Fielitz
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - S Rasika
- Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, INSERM U1172, Lille, France
| | - Markus Schwaninger
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Ruben Nogueiras
- CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Vincent Prevot
- Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, INSERM U1172, Lille, France
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Rohrbach A, Caron E, Dali R, Brunner M, Pasquettaz R, Kolotuev I, Santoni F, Thorens B, Langlet F. Ablation of glucokinase-expressing tanycytes impacts energy balance and increases adiposity in mice. Mol Metab 2021; 53:101311. [PMID: 34325016 PMCID: PMC8379510 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Glucokinase (GCK) is critical for glucosensing. In rats, GCK is expressed in hypothalamic tanycytes and appears to play an essential role in feeding behavior. In this study, we investigated the distribution of GCK-expressing tanycytes in mice and their role in the regulation of energy balance. Methods In situ hybridization, reporter gene assay, and immunohistochemistry were used to assess GCK expression along the third ventricle in mice. To evaluate the impact of GCK-expressing tanycytes on arcuate neuron function and mouse physiology, Gck deletion along the ventricle was achieved using loxP/Cre recombinase technology in adult mice. Results GCK expression was low along the third ventricle, but detectable in tanycytes facing the ventromedial arcuate nucleus from bregma −1.5 to −2.2. Gck deletion induced the death of this tanycyte subgroup through the activation of the BAD signaling pathway. The ablation of GCK-expressing tanycytes affected different aspects of energy balance, leading to an increase in adiposity in mice. This phenotype was systematically associated with a defect in NPY neuron function. In contrast, the regulation of glucose homeostasis was mostly preserved, except for glucoprivic responses. Conclusions This study describes the role of GCK in tanycyte biology and highlights the impact of tanycyte loss on the regulation of energy balance. vmARH tanycytes express glucokinase. Glucokinase deletion in tanycytes induces cell death. Ablation of vmARH tanycytes alters energy balance and adiposity. Ablation of vmARH tanycytes alters NPY neuron function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Rohrbach
- Center for Integrative Genomics, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Emilie Caron
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, UMR-S, 1172, Lille, France
| | - Rafik Dali
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Maxime Brunner
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetology, and Metabolism, Lausanne University Hospital, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Roxane Pasquettaz
- Center for Integrative Genomics, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Irina Kolotuev
- Electron Microscopy Facility, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Federico Santoni
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetology, and Metabolism, Lausanne University Hospital, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Bernard Thorens
- Center for Integrative Genomics, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Fanny Langlet
- Center for Integrative Genomics, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Eunjeong D, Seongsin L, Yumi K. Anatomical identification of the neuroendocrine system in the Nothobranchius furzeri brain. JOURNAL OF VERTEBRATE BIOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.25225/jvb.21018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Do Eunjeong
- Center for Plant Aging Research, Institute for Basic Science, Republic of Korea; e-mail: , ,
| | - Lee Seongsin
- Center for Plant Aging Research, Institute for Basic Science, Republic of Korea; e-mail: , ,
| | - Kim Yumi
- Center for Plant Aging Research, Institute for Basic Science, Republic of Korea; e-mail: , ,
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Hypothalamic Rax + tanycytes contribute to tissue repair and tumorigenesis upon oncogene activation in mice. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2288. [PMID: 33863883 PMCID: PMC8052410 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22640-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypothalamic tanycytes in median eminence (ME) are emerging as a crucial cell population that regulates endocrine output, energy balance and the diffusion of blood-born molecules. Tanycytes have recently been considered as potential somatic stem cells in the adult mammalian brain, but their regenerative and tumorigenic capacities are largely unknown. Here we found that Rax+ tanycytes in ME of mice are largely quiescent but quickly enter the cell cycle upon neural injury for self-renewal and regeneration. Mechanistically, Igf1r signaling in tanycytes is required for tissue repair under injury conditions. Furthermore, Braf oncogenic activation is sufficient to transform Rax+ tanycytes into actively dividing tumor cells that eventually develop into a papillary craniopharyngioma-like tumor. Together, these findings uncover the regenerative and tumorigenic potential of tanycytes. Our study offers insights into the properties of tanycytes, which may help to manipulate tanycyte biology for regulating hypothalamic function and investigate the pathogenesis of clinically relevant tumors. Tanycytes contribute to the regulation of multiple hypothalamic functions. Here the authors investigate the regenerative and tumorigenic potential of adult Rax+ tanycytes in the median eminence in the context of the stem cell niche in mice.
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Dardente H, Migaud M. Thyroid hormone and hypothalamic stem cells in seasonal functions. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2021; 116:91-131. [PMID: 33752829 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2021.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Seasonal rhythms are a pervasive feature of most living organisms, which underlie yearly timeliness in breeding, migration, hibernation or weight gain and loss. To achieve this, organisms have developed inner timing devices (circannual clocks) that endow them with the ability to predict then anticipate changes to come, usually using daylength as the proximate cue. In Vertebrates, daylength interpretation involves photoperiodic control of TSH production by the pars tuberalis (PT) of the pituitary, which governs a seasonal switch in thyroid hormone (TH) availability in the neighboring hypothalamus. Tanycytes, specialized glial cells lining the third ventricle (3V), are responsible for this TH output through the opposite, PT-TSH-driven, seasonal control of deiodinases 2/3 (Dio 2/3). Tanycytes comprise a photoperiod-sensitive stem cell niche and TH is known to play major roles in cell proliferation and differentiation, which suggests that seasonal control of tanycyte proliferation may be involved in the photoperiodic synchronization of seasonal rhythms. Here we review our current knowledge of the molecular and neuroendocrine pathway linking photoperiodic information to seasonal changes in physiological functions and discuss the potential implication of tanycytes, TH and cell proliferation in seasonal timing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugues Dardente
- PRC, INRAE, CNRS, IFCE, Université de Tours, Nouzilly, France.
| | - Martine Migaud
- PRC, INRAE, CNRS, IFCE, Université de Tours, Nouzilly, France
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47
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Neuroinflammation and Hypothalamo-Pituitary Dysfunction: Focus of Traumatic Brain Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052686. [PMID: 33799967 PMCID: PMC7961958 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of traumatic brain injury (TBI) has increased over the last years with an important impact on public health. Many preclinical and clinical studies identified multiple and heterogeneous TBI-related pathophysiological mechanisms that are responsible for functional, cognitive, and behavioral alterations. Recent evidence has suggested that post-TBI neuroinflammation is responsible for several long-term clinical consequences, including hypopituitarism. This review aims to summarize current evidence on TBI-induced neuroinflammation and its potential role in determining hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunctions.
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Jiang Y, Müller K, Khan MA, Assmann JC, Lampe J, Kilau K, Richter M, Kleint M, Ridder DA, Hübner N, Schmidt-Supprian M, Wenzel J, Schwaninger M. Cerebral angiogenesis ameliorates pathological disorders in Nemo-deficient mice with small-vessel disease. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2021; 41:219-235. [PMID: 32151223 PMCID: PMC8369998 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x20910522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral small-vessel diseases (SVDs) often follow a progressive course. Little is known about the function of angiogenesis, which potentially induces regression of SVDs. Here, we investigated angiogenesis in a mouse model of incontinentia pigmenti (IP), a genetic disease comprising features of SVD. IP is caused by inactivating mutations of Nemo, the essential component of NF-κB signaling. When deleting Nemo in the majority of brain endothelial cells (NemobeKO mice), the transcriptional profile of vessels indicated cell proliferation. Brain endothelial cells expressed Ki67 and showed signs of DNA synthesis. In addition to cell proliferation, we observed sprouting and intussusceptive angiogenesis in NemobeKO mice. Angiogenesis occurred in all segments of the vasculature and in proximity to vessel rarefaction and tissue hypoxia. Apparently, NEMO was required for productive angiogenesis because endothelial cells that had escaped Nemo inactivation showed a higher proliferation rate than Nemo-deficient cells. Therefore, newborn endothelial cells were particularly vulnerable to ongoing recombination. When we interfered with productive angiogenesis by inducing ongoing ablation of Nemo, mice did not recover from IP manifestations but rather showed severe functional deficits. In summary, the data demonstrate that angiogenesis is present in this model of SVD and suggest that it may counterbalance the loss of vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Jiang
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Kristin Müller
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Mahtab A Khan
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Julian C Assmann
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Josephine Lampe
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,DZHK (German Research Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Germany
| | - Knut Kilau
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,DZHK (German Research Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Germany
| | - Marius Richter
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Maximilian Kleint
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Dirk A Ridder
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Norbert Hübner
- DZHK (German Research Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Germany.,Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany.,Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marc Schmidt-Supprian
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Jan Wenzel
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,DZHK (German Research Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Germany
| | - Markus Schwaninger
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,DZHK (German Research Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Germany
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de Souza Santos R, Gross AR, Sareen D. Hypothalamus and neuroendocrine diseases: The use of human-induced pluripotent stem cells for disease modeling. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2021; 181:337-350. [PMID: 34238469 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-820683-6.00025-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The hypothalamus, which is part of the brain of all vertebrate animals, is considered the link between the central nervous system (CNS) and (i) the endocrine system via the pituitary gland and (ii) with our organs via the autonomic nervous system. It synthesizes and releases neurohormones, which in turn stimulate or inhibit the secretion of other hormones within the CNS, and sends and receives signals to and from the peripheral nervous and endocrine systems. As the brain region responsible for energy homeostasis, the hypothalamus is the key regulator of thermoregulation, hunger and satiety, circadian rhythms, sleep and fatigue, memory and learning, arousal and reproductive cycling, blood pressure, and heart rate and thus orchestrates complex physiological responses in order to maintain metabolic homeostasis. These critical roles implicate the hypothalamus in neuroendocrine disorders such as obesity, diabetes, anorexia nervosa, bulimia, and others. In this chapter, we focus on the use of human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) and their differentiation into hypothalamic neurons in order to model neuroendocrine disorders such as extreme obesity in a dish. To do so, we discuss important steps of human hypothalamus development, neuroendocrine diseases related to the hypothalamus, multiple protocols to differentiate hiPSCs into hypothalamic neurons, and severe obesity modeling in vitro using hiPSCs-derived hypothalamic neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta de Souza Santos
- Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Cedars-Sinai Biomanufacturing Center, West Hollywood, CA, United States
| | - Andrew R Gross
- Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Cedars-Sinai Biomanufacturing Center, West Hollywood, CA, United States
| | - Dhruv Sareen
- Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Cedars-Sinai Biomanufacturing Center, West Hollywood, CA, United States; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States; iPSC Core, David and Janet Polak Foundation Stem Cell Core Laboratory, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
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Tanycytes in the infundibular nucleus and median eminence and their role in the blood-brain barrier. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2021; 180:253-273. [PMID: 34225934 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-820107-7.00016-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier is generally attributed to endothelial cells. However, in circumventricular organs, such as the median eminence, tanycytes take over the barrier function. These ependymoglial cells form the wall of the third ventricle and send long extensions into the parenchyma to contact blood vessels and hypothalamic neurons. The shape and location of tanycytes put them in an ideal position to connect the periphery with central nervous compartments. In line with this, tanycytes control the transport of hormones and key metabolites in and out of the hypothalamus. They function as sensors of peripheral homeostasis for central regulatory networks. This chapter discusses current evidence that tanycytes play a key role in regulating glucose balance, food intake, endocrine axes, seasonal changes, reproductive function, and aging. The understanding of how tanycytes perform these diverse tasks is only just beginning to emerge and will probably lead to a more differentiated view of how the brain and the periphery interact.
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