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Li K, Tolman N, Segrè AV, Stuart KV, Zeleznik OA, Vallabh NA, Hu K, Zebardast N, Hanyuda A, Raita Y, Montgomery C, Zhang C, Hysi PG, Do R, Khawaja AP, Wiggs JL, Kang JH, John SWM, Pasquale LR, UK Biobank Eye and Vision Consortium. Pyruvate and related energetic metabolites modulate resilience against high genetic risk for glaucoma. eLife 2025; 14:RP105576. [PMID: 40272416 PMCID: PMC12021409 DOI: 10.7554/elife.105576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2025] Open
Abstract
A glaucoma polygenic risk score (PRS) can effectively identify disease risk, but some individuals with high PRS do not develop glaucoma. Factors contributing to this resilience remain unclear. Using 4,658 glaucoma cases and 113,040 controls in a cross-sectional study of the UK Biobank, we investigated whether plasma metabolites enhanced glaucoma prediction and if a metabolomic signature of resilience in high-genetic-risk individuals existed. Logistic regression models incorporating 168 NMR-based metabolites into PRS-based glaucoma assessments were developed, with multiple comparison corrections applied. While metabolites weakly predicted glaucoma (Area Under the Curve = 0.579), they offered marginal prediction improvement in PRS-only-based models (p=0.004). We identified a metabolomic signature associated with resilience in the top glaucoma PRS decile, with elevated glycolysis-related metabolites-lactate (p=8.8E-12), pyruvate (p=1.9E-10), and citrate (p=0.02)-linked to reduced glaucoma prevalence. These metabolites combined significantly modified the PRS-glaucoma relationship (Pinteraction = 0.011). Higher total resilience metabolite levels within the highest PRS quartile corresponded to lower glaucoma prevalence (Odds Ratiohighest vs. lowest total resilience metabolite quartile=0.71, 95% Confidence Interval = 0.64-0.80). As pyruvate is a foundational metabolite linking glycolysis to tricarboxylic acid cycle metabolism and ATP generation, we pursued experimental validation for this putative resilience biomarker in a human-relevant Mus musculus glaucoma model. Dietary pyruvate mitigated elevated intraocular pressure (p=0.002) and optic nerve damage (p<0.0003) in Lmx1bV265D mice. These findings highlight the protective role of pyruvate-related metabolism against glaucoma and suggest potential avenues for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keva Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkUnited States
| | - Nicholas Tolman
- Department of Ophthalmology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
| | - Ayellet V Segrè
- Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
- Broad Institute of MIT and HarvardCambridgeUnited States
| | - Kelsey V Stuart
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, and University College London Institute of OphthalmologyLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Oana A Zeleznik
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's HospitalBostonUnited States
| | - Neeru A Vallabh
- Department of Eye and Vision Science, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of LiverpoolLiverpoolUnited Kingdom
- St. Paul’s Eye Unit, Liverpool University Hospital NHS Foundation TrustLiverpoolUnited Kingdom
| | - Kuang Hu
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, and University College London Institute of OphthalmologyLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Nazlee Zebardast
- Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Akiko Hanyuda
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer CenterTokyoJapan
| | | | - Christa Montgomery
- Department of Ophthalmology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
| | - Chi Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
| | - Pirro G Hysi
- Department of Ophthalmology, St Thomas' Hospital, King's College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
- Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, St Thomas' Hospital, King's College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Ron Do
- Department of Genetics and Genomics Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkUnited States
| | - Anthony P Khawaja
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, and University College London Institute of OphthalmologyLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Janey L Wiggs
- Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
- Broad Institute of MIT and HarvardCambridgeUnited States
| | - Jae H Kang
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's HospitalBostonUnited States
| | - Simon WM John
- Department of Ophthalmology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
- Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia UniversityNew YorkUnited States
| | - Louis R Pasquale
- Department of Ophthalmology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkUnited States
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Li K, Tolman N, Segrè AV, Stuart KV, Zeleznik OA, Vallabh NA, Hu K, Zebardast N, Hanyuda A, Raita Y, Montgomery C, Zhang C, Hysi PG, Do R, Khawaja AP, Wiggs JL, Kang JH, John SW, Pasquale LR. Pyruvate and Related Energetic Metabolites Modulate Resilience Against High Genetic Risk for Glaucoma. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2025:2025.01.18.633745. [PMID: 39896457 PMCID: PMC11785086 DOI: 10.1101/2025.01.18.633745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2025]
Abstract
A glaucoma polygenic risk score (PRS) can effectively identify disease risk, but some individuals with high PRS do not develop glaucoma. Factors contributing to this resilience remain unclear. Using 4,658 glaucoma cases and 113,040 controls in a cross-sectional study of the UK Biobank, we investigated whether plasma metabolites enhanced glaucoma prediction and if a metabolomic signature of resilience in high-genetic-risk individuals existed. Logistic regression models incorporating 168 NMR-based metabolites into PRS-based glaucoma assessments were developed, with multiple comparison corrections applied. While metabolites weakly predicted glaucoma (Area Under the Curve=0.579), they offered marginal prediction improvement in PRS-only-based models (P=0.004). We identified a metabolomic signature associated with resilience in the top glaucoma PRS decile, with elevated glycolysis-related metabolites-lactate (P=8.8E-12), pyruvate (P=1.9E-10), and citrate (P=0.02)-linked to reduced glaucoma prevalence. These metabolites combined significantly modified the PRS-glaucoma relationship (P interaction =0.011). Higher total resilience metabolite levels within the highest PRS quartile corresponded to lower glaucoma prevalence (Odds Ratio highest vs. lowest total resilience metabolite quartile =0.71, 95% Confidence Interval=0.64-0.80). As pyruvate is a foundational metabolite linking glycolysis to tricarboxylic acid cycle metabolism and ATP generation, we pursued experimental validation for this putative resilience biomarker in a human-relevant Mus musculus glaucoma model. Dietary pyruvate mitigated elevated intraocular pressure (P=0.002) and optic nerve damage (P<0.0003) in Lmx1b V265D mice. These findings highlight the protective role of pyruvate-related metabolism against glaucoma and suggest potential avenues for therapeutic intervention.
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Pham K, Lee R, Di Rosa I, Salowe R, Jin F, Bradford Y, Ying GS, Phillips-Cremins JE, Setia-Verma S, O'Brien J. Common tandem repeat variants associated with glaucoma risk in individuals of African ancestry. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2025:2025.02.19.25322489. [PMID: 40034796 PMCID: PMC11875260 DOI: 10.1101/2025.02.19.25322489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2025]
Abstract
The contribution of common tandem repeats (TR) variants to common, complex disease remains unknown, especially in populations historically underrepresented in genetic research. We identified common TR variants associated with risk of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) in individuals of African ancestry. The POAG-associated TR variants were predominantly found at Alu poly(A) tail elements, regions, retinal development enhancers, and harbor binding sites of a POAG-associated transcription factor, LMX1B, suggesting a convergent mechanism of how common TR variation arises and contributes to POAG pathophysiology.
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Zhou Y, Zhang Y, Xu Q, Sun X, Chen Y. The evaluation of targeted exome sequencing of candidate genes in a Han Chinese population with primary open-angle glaucoma. Hum Mol Genet 2025; 34:435-443. [PMID: 39776193 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddae198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2024] [Revised: 12/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2025] Open
Abstract
Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), known as a common ocular disease with genetic heterogeneity, is characterized by progressive optic disc atrophy and visual field defects. This study aimed to assess the contribution of previously reported POAG-associated genes and investigate potential functional variations and genotype-phenotype correlations in a Han Chinese population. DNA from 500 cases and 500 controls was pooled and sequenced using a customized panel of 398 candidate genes. After prioritization, 21 SNPs from 16 genes were genotyped in the first replication cohort (500 cases and 500 controls), and 9 SNPs were genotyped in the second replication cohort (500 cases and 500 controls). Allelic associations and odds ratios were adjusted for age and sex, while linear regression assessed SNP correlations with POAG endophenotypes. Haplotype analysis and linkage disequilibrium were performed using Haploview. In silico prediction tools were used to predict pathogenicity and function. SNPs from MFN2, DGKG, PKHD1, PTPRJ, and LTBP2 were associated with POAG in at least one cohort, and SNPs from EXOC2, PTPRJ, and LTBP2 showed significant correlations with intraocular pressure. Additionally, haplotype analysis revealed a significant association between the EXOC2 TGC haplotype and POAG risk. We validated several candidate genes and identified novel SNPs, providing further insight into the genetic architecture of POAG in the Han Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Zhou
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, 83 Fenyang Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Youjia Zhang
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, 83 Fenyang Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Qingdan Xu
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, 83 Fenyang Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Xinghuai Sun
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, 83 Fenyang Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200031, China
- Key Laboratory of Myopia and Related Eye Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 83 Fenyang Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200031, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yuhong Chen
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, 83 Fenyang Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200031, China
- Key Laboratory of Myopia and Related Eye Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 83 Fenyang Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200031, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
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Ma Y, Jiang D, Li J, Zheng G, Deng Y, Gou X, Gao S, Chen C, Zhou Y, Zhang Y, Deng C, Yao Y, Han H, Su J. Systematic dissection of pleiotropic loci and critical regulons in excitatory neurons and microglia relevant to neuropsychiatric and ocular diseases. Transl Psychiatry 2025; 15:24. [PMID: 39856056 PMCID: PMC11760387 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-025-03243-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2024] [Revised: 12/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/14/2025] [Indexed: 01/27/2025] Open
Abstract
Advancements in single-cell multimodal techniques have greatly enhanced our understanding of disease-relevant loci identified through genome-wide association studies (GWASs). To investigate the biological connections between the eye and brain, we integrated bulk and single-cell multiomic profiles with GWAS summary statistics for eight neuropsychiatric and five ocular diseases. Our analysis uncovered five latent factors explaining 61.7% of the genetic variance across these 13 diseases, revealing diverse correlational patterns among them. We identified 45 pleiotropic loci with 91 candidate genes that contribute to disease risk. By integrating GWAS and single-cell profiles, we implicated excitatory neurons and microglia as key contributors in the eye-brain connections. Polygenic enrichment analysis further identified 15 pleiotropic regulons in excitatory neurons and 16 in microglia that were linked to comorbid conditions. Functionally, excitatory neuron-specific regulons were involved in axon guidance and synaptic activity, while microglia-specific regulons were associated with immune response and cell activation. In sum, these findings underscore the genetic link between psychiatric disorders and ocular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunlong Ma
- Oujiang Laboratory, Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Lifespan Brain Institute at Penn Med and the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Dingping Jiang
- Oujiang Laboratory, Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jingjing Li
- Oujiang Laboratory, Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Gongwei Zheng
- Oujiang Laboratory, Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yao Deng
- Oujiang Laboratory, Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xuanxuan Gou
- Oujiang Laboratory, Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shuaishuai Gao
- Oujiang Laboratory, Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- Oujiang Laboratory, Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yijun Zhou
- Oujiang Laboratory, Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yaru Zhang
- Oujiang Laboratory, Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chunyu Deng
- Oujiang Laboratory, Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yinghao Yao
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Haijun Han
- School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianzhong Su
- Oujiang Laboratory, Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- National Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Hicks PM, Lu MC, Woodward MA, Niziol LM, Darnley-Fisch D, Heisler M, Resnicow K, Musch DC, Mitchell J, Mehdipanah R, Imami NR, Newman-Casey PA. Relationship between Neighborhood-Level Social Risk Factor Measures and Presenting Glaucoma Severity Utilizing Multilevel Modeling. OPHTHALMOLOGY SCIENCE 2025; 5:100598. [PMID: 39346573 PMCID: PMC11437858 DOI: 10.1016/j.xops.2024.100598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 08/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024]
Abstract
Purpose The neighborhood and built environment social determinant of health domain has several social risk factors (SRFs) that are modifiable through policy efforts. We investigated the impact of neighborhood-level SRFs on presenting glaucoma severity at a tertiary eye care center. Design A cross-sectional study from August 2012 to May 2022 in the University of Michigan electronic health record (EHR). Participants Patients with a diagnosis of any open-angle glaucoma with ≥1 eye care visit at the University of Michigan Kellogg Eye Center and ≥1 reliable visual field (VF). Methods Participants who met inclusion criteria were identified by International Classification of Diseases ninth and tenth revision codes (365.x/H40.x). Data extracted from the EHR included patient demographics, address, presenting mean deviation (MD), and VF reliability. Addresses were mapped to SRF measures at the census tract, block group, and county levels. Multilevel linear regression models were used to estimate the fixed effects of each SRF on MD, after adjusting for patient-level demographic factors and a random effect for neighborhood. Interactions between each SRF measure with patient-level race and Medicaid status were tested for an additive effect on MD. Main Outcome Measures The main outcome measure was the effect of SRF on presenting MD. Results In total, 4428 patients were included in the analysis who were, on average, 70.3 years old (standard deviation = 11.9), 52.6% self-identified as female, 75.8% self-identified as White race, and 8.9% had Medicaid. The median value of presenting MD was -4.94 decibels (dB) (interquartile range = -11.45 to -2.07 dB). Neighborhood differences accounted for 4.4% of the variability in presenting MD. Neighborhood-level measures, including worse area deprivation (estimate, β = -0.31 per 1-unit increase; P < 0.001), increased segregation (β = -0.92 per 0.1-unit increase in Theil's H index; P < 0.001), and increased neighborhood Medicaid (β = -0.68; P < 0.001) were associated with worse presenting MD. Significant interaction effects with race and Medicaid status were found in several neighborhood-level SRF measures. Conclusions Although patients' neighborhood SRF measures accounted for a minority of the variability in presenting MD, most neighborhood-level SRFs are modifiable and were associated with clinically meaningful differences in presenting MD. Policies that aim to reduce neighborhood inequities by addressing allocation of resources could have lasting impacts on vision outcomes. Financial Disclosures Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found in the Footnotes and Disclosures at the end of this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrice M. Hicks
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Ming-Chen Lu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Maria A. Woodward
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Institute for Healthcare Policy and Innovation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Leslie M. Niziol
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | | | - Michele Heisler
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Kenneth Resnicow
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - David C. Musch
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Jamie Mitchell
- School of Social Work, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Roshanak Mehdipanah
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Nauman R. Imami
- Department of Ophthalmology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Paula Anne Newman-Casey
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Institute for Healthcare Policy and Innovation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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Singh N, Kizhatil K, Duraikannu D, Choquet H, Saidas Nair K. Structural framework to address variant-gene relationship in primary open-angle glaucoma. Vision Res 2025; 226:108505. [PMID: 39520803 PMCID: PMC11999875 DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2024.108505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2024] [Revised: 10/18/2024] [Accepted: 10/21/2024] [Indexed: 11/16/2024]
Abstract
Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is a complex, multifactorial disease leading to progressive optic neuropathy and irreversible vision loss. Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) have significantly advanced our understanding of the genetic loci associated with POAG. Expanding on these findings, Exome-Wide Association Studies (ExWAS) refine the genetic landscape by identifying rare coding variants with potential functional relevance. Post-GWAS in silico analyses, including fine-mapping, gene-based association testing, and pathway analysis, offer insights into target genes and biological mechanisms underlying POAG. This review aims to provide a comprehensive roadmap for the post-GWAS characterization of POAG genes. We integrate current knowledge from GWAS, ExWAS, and post-GWAS analyses, highlighting key genetic variants and pathways implicated in POAG. Recent advancements in genomics, such as ATAC-seq, CUT&RUN, and Hi-C, are crucial for identifying disease-relevant gene regulatory elements by profiling chromatin accessibility, histone modifications, and three-dimensional chromatin architecture. These approaches help pinpoint regulatory elements that influence gene expression in POAG. Expression Quantitative Trait Loci (eQTL) analysis and Transcriptome-Wide Association Studies (TWAS) elucidate the impact of these elements on gene expression and disease risk, while functional validations like enhancer reporter assays confirm their relevance. The integration of high-resolution genomics with functional assays and the characterization of genes in vivo using animal models provides a robust framework for unraveling the complex genetic architecture of POAG. This roadmap is essential for advancing our understanding and identification of genes and regulatory networks involved in POAG pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nivedita Singh
- Neurobiology, Neurodegeneration, and Repair Laboratory, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, MSC0610, 6 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Krishnakumar Kizhatil
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Durairaj Duraikannu
- Departments of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
| | - Hélène Choquet
- Kaiser Permanente, Division of Research, Pleasanton, CA 94588, USA; Department of Health Systems Science Kaiser Permanente Bernard J. Tyson School of Medicine, Pasadena, CA 91101, USA.
| | - K Saidas Nair
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
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Lee Y, Seo JH. Potential Causal Association Between Atrial Fibrillation/Flutter and Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma: A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomisation Study. J Clin Med 2024; 13:7670. [PMID: 39768593 PMCID: PMC11678446 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13247670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2024] [Revised: 12/12/2024] [Accepted: 12/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2025] Open
Abstract
Background: A few studies have reported controversial relationships between atrial fibrillation/flutter (AF/L) and primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). This study aimed to investigate the potential causal relationship between AF/L and POAG. Methods: Single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with exposure to AF/L were selected as instrumental variables with significance (p < 5.0 × 10-8) from a genome-wide association study (GWAS) by FinnGen. The GWAS summary of POAG from the UK Biobank was used as the outcome dataset. A two-sample Mendelian randomisation (MR) study was performed to assess the causal effects of AF/L on POAG. In addition, potential confounders, including hypertension, autoimmune hyperthyroidism, sleep apnoea, and alcohol use disorder, were assessed using multivariable MR analysis. Results: There was a significant causal association of AF/L with POAG (odds ratio [OR] = 1.26, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.07-1.48, p = 0.005 using inverse-variance weighting [IVW]). Multivariable MR analysis confirmed a causal association of AF/L with POAG (OR = 1.24, 95% CI = 1.02-1.51, p = 0.034 using IVW), but hypertension, hyperthyroidism, sleep apnoea and alcohol use disorder did not show significant causal associations with POAG (all p > 0.05). Conclusions: This established causal relationship between AF/L and POAG supports the need for further investigation into the role of AF/L as a possible risk factor for POAG. Further research is required to confirm these findings.
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Vassalli QA, Fasano G, Nittoli V, Gagliardi E, Sepe RM, Donizetti A, Aniello F, Sordino P, Kelsh R, Locascio A. The Zebrafish Retina and the Evolution of the Onecut-Mediated Pathway in Cell Type Differentiation. Cells 2024; 13:2071. [PMID: 39768162 PMCID: PMC11675081 DOI: 10.3390/cells13242071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2024] [Revised: 12/06/2024] [Accepted: 12/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2025] Open
Abstract
Onecut/Hnf6 (Oc) genes play an important role in the proper formation of retinal cells in vertebrates, in particular horizontal, retinal ganglion and amacrine cells. However, it is not fully known how the unique and combined action of multiple Oc gene copies leads to the induction and differentiation of specific retinal cell types. To gain new insights on how Oc genes influence retina formation, we have examined the developmental role of oc1, oc2 and oc-like genes during eye formation in the non-mammalian vertebrate zebrafish Danio rerio. By using single and multiple morpholino knockdown of three zebrafish Oc genes we provide evidence for the independent and redundant role of each gene in the formation of photoreceptors and other retinal tissues. Through comparison of Oc genetic pathways in photoreceptor differentiation among chordates we demonstrate their mechanism of action through a series of conserved target genes involved in neural transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quirino Attilio Vassalli
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, 80121 Napoli, Italy; (Q.A.V.); (G.F.); (V.N.); (E.G.); (R.M.S.)
| | - Giulia Fasano
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, 80121 Napoli, Italy; (Q.A.V.); (G.F.); (V.N.); (E.G.); (R.M.S.)
| | - Valeria Nittoli
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, 80121 Napoli, Italy; (Q.A.V.); (G.F.); (V.N.); (E.G.); (R.M.S.)
| | - Eleonora Gagliardi
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, 80121 Napoli, Italy; (Q.A.V.); (G.F.); (V.N.); (E.G.); (R.M.S.)
| | - Rosa Maria Sepe
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, 80121 Napoli, Italy; (Q.A.V.); (G.F.); (V.N.); (E.G.); (R.M.S.)
| | - Aldo Donizetti
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (A.D.); (F.A.)
| | - Francesco Aniello
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (A.D.); (F.A.)
| | - Paolo Sordino
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Sicily Marine Centre, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, 98167 Messina, Italy;
| | - Robert Kelsh
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK;
| | - Annamaria Locascio
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, 80121 Napoli, Italy; (Q.A.V.); (G.F.); (V.N.); (E.G.); (R.M.S.)
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Maddala R, Gorijavolu P, Lankford LK, Skiba NP, Challa P, Singh RK, Nair KS, Choquet H, Rao PV. Dysregulation of septin cytoskeletal organization in the trabecular meshwork contributes to ocular hypertension. JCI Insight 2024; 9:e179468. [PMID: 39641270 PMCID: PMC11623952 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.179468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 10/22/2024] [Indexed: 12/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Ocular hypertension, believed to result partly from increased contractile activity, cell adhesive interactions, and stiffness within the trabecular meshwork (TM), is a major risk factor for glaucoma, a leading cause of blindness. However, the identity of molecular mechanisms governing organization of actomyosin and cell adhesive interactions in the TM remains limited. Based on our previous findings, in which proteomics analyses revealed elevated levels of septins, including septin-9 in human TM cells treated with the ocular hypertensive agent dexamethasone, here, we evaluated the effects of septin-9 overexpression, deficiency, and pharmacological targeting in TM cells. These studies demonstrated a profound impact on actomyosin organization, cell adhesion, contraction, and phagocytosis. Overexpression raised intraocular pressure (IOP) in mice, while inhibition increased cell permeability. In addition, we replicated a significant association between a common variant (rs9038) in SEPT9 with IOP in the Genetic Epidemiology Research on Adult Healthy and Aging (GERA) cohort. Collectively, these data reveal a link between dysregulated septin cytoskeletal organization in the TM and increased IOP, likely due to enhanced cell contraction, adhesive interactions, and fibrotic activity. This suggests that targeting the septin cytoskeleton could offer a novel approach for lowering IOP in patients with glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupalatha Maddala
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Pallavi Gorijavolu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Levi K. Lankford
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Nikolai P. Skiba
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Pratap Challa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Rakesh K. Singh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - K. Saidas Nair
- Department of Ophthalmology, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Hélène Choquet
- Kaiser Permanente Northern California (KPNC), Division of Research, Oakland, California, USA
| | - Ponugoti V. Rao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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11
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Yao Q, Chen X, Zhang Y, Chen H, Dou Y, He W, Sheng W, Ma X, Liu F, Yan W, Huang G. Genome-Wide Association Study Identifies Genetic Polymorphisms for Folate-Related Biomarkers in Chinese Preconception Women. J Nutr 2024; 154:3592-3602. [PMID: 39374789 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2024] [Revised: 09/27/2024] [Accepted: 10/03/2024] [Indexed: 10/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) allele frequencies, dietary habits, and folate status and their associations vary across ethnic populations. Little is known about the SNPs accounting for variations of folate-related biomarkers for Chinese preparing-for-pregnant females. OBJECTIVES We aimed to identify SNPs contributing to RBC and serum folate, vitamin B-12, and homocysteine concentrations in Chinese female preconception population. METHODS A genome-wide association study was conducted on 1000 randomly selected preconception Chinese women from the Shanghai Preconception Cohort. SNPs were genotyped using Illumina chips, and associations with biomarkers were assessed using simple linear regression models under the assumption of an additive genetic model. Genome-wide significance was considered at P < 10-7. RESULTS The MTHFR rs1801133 was the major genetic coding variant contributing to RBC folate, serum folate, and homocysteine concentrations (P = 2.28 × 10-16; P = 8.85 × 10-8, and P = 2.46 × 10-13, repsectively). It is associated with increased RBC folate (β: 0.154 per additional risk allele after log transform), decreased serum folate (β: -0.951 per additional risk allele), and increased serum homocysteine concentrations (β: 1.153 per additional risk allele). The predominant SNP associated with serum folate was rs147162222 in NTRK2 (P = 2.55 × 10-8), although that associated with homocysteine was rs77025184 located between PDE7B and LINC00271 (P = 4.91 × 10-17). For vitamin B-12, FUT2 rs1047781 was the dominant genetic variant (P = 1.59 × 10-10). The numbers of signals with a P value of <10-7 for RBC folate, serum folate, vitamin B-12, and homocysteine were 12, 18, 8, and 614, respectively. CONCLUSIONS This study represents the first genome-wide association study focusing on folate-related biomarkers in a Chinese preparing-for-pregnant female population. The contributions of dominent SNPs to each biomarker are partly different from other populations. The rs1801133 (C677T) in MTHFR is the predominant genetic variant contributing to RBC folate and rs1047781 (A385T) in FUT2 as the primary one explaining vitamin B-12. Notably, the intronic rs147162222 and noncoding rs77025184 are the predominant SNPs for serum folate and homocysteine, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinyu Yao
- Pediatric Heart Center, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China; Research Unit of Early Intervention of Genetically Related Childhood Cardiovascular Diseases (2018RU002), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaotian Chen
- Research Unit of Early Intervention of Genetically Related Childhood Cardiovascular Diseases (2018RU002), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Clinical Trial Unit, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Research Unit of Early Intervention of Genetically Related Childhood Cardiovascular Diseases (2018RU002), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Clinical Trial Unit, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongyan Chen
- Research Unit of Early Intervention of Genetically Related Childhood Cardiovascular Diseases (2018RU002), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Yalan Dou
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Clinical Trial Unit, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Wennan He
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Clinical Trial Unit, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Sheng
- Pediatric Heart Center, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China; Research Unit of Early Intervention of Genetically Related Childhood Cardiovascular Diseases (2018RU002), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojing Ma
- Pediatric Heart Center, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China; Research Unit of Early Intervention of Genetically Related Childhood Cardiovascular Diseases (2018RU002), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Pediatric Heart Center, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China; Research Unit of Early Intervention of Genetically Related Childhood Cardiovascular Diseases (2018RU002), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Weili Yan
- Research Unit of Early Intervention of Genetically Related Childhood Cardiovascular Diseases (2018RU002), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China; Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Clinical Trial Unit, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China.
| | - Guoying Huang
- Pediatric Heart Center, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China; Research Unit of Early Intervention of Genetically Related Childhood Cardiovascular Diseases (2018RU002), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China.
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12
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Schwakopf J, Romero CO, Lopez NN, Millar JC, Vetter ML, Bosco A. Schlemm's canal-selective Tie2/TEK knockdown induces sustained ocular hypertension in adult mice. Exp Eye Res 2024; 248:110114. [PMID: 39368692 PMCID: PMC11533709 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2024.110114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2024] [Revised: 09/19/2024] [Accepted: 10/01/2024] [Indexed: 10/07/2024]
Abstract
Deficient Angiopoietin-Tie2 signaling is linked to ocular hypertension in glaucoma. Receptor Tie2/TEK expression and signaling at Schlemm's canal (SC) is indispensable for canal integrity and homeostatic regulation of aqueous humor outflow (AHO) and intraocular pressure (IOP), as validated by conditional deletion of Tie2, its ligands (Angpt1, Angpt2 and Angpt3/4) or regulators (Tie1 and PTPRB/VE-PTP). However, these Tie2/TEK knockouts and conditional knockouts are global or endothelial, preventing separation of systemic and ocular vascular defects that impact retinal or renal integrity. To develop a more targeted model of ocular hypertension induced by selective knockdown of Tie2/TEK expressed in SC, we combined the use of viral vectors to target the canal, and two distinct gene-editing strategies to disrupt the Tie2 gene. Adeno-associated virus (AAV2) is known to transduce rodent SC when delivered into the anterior chamber by intracameral injection. First, delivery of Cre recombinase via AAV2.Cre into R26tdTomato/+ reporter mice confirmed preferential and stable transduction in SC endothelium. Next, to disrupt Tie2 expression in SC, we injected AAV2.Cre into homozygous floxed Tie2 (Tie2FL/FL) mice. This led to attenuated Tie2 protein expression along the SC inner wall, decreased SC area and reduced trabecular meshwork (TM) cellularity. Functionally, IOP was significantly and steadily elevated, whereas AHO facility was reduced. In contrast, hemizygous Tie2FL/+ mice responded to AAV2.Cre with inconsistent and low IOP elevation, corroborating the dose-dependency of ocular hypertension on Tie2 expression/activation. In a second model using CRISPR/SaCas9 genome editing, wild-type C57BL/6 J mice injected with AAV2.saCas9-sgTie2 showed similar selective SC transduction and comparable IOP elevation in course and magnitude to that induced by AAV2.Cre in Tie2FL/FL mice. Together, our findings, demonstrate that selective Tie2 knockdown in SC is a targeted strategy that reliably induces chronic ocular hypertension and reproduces glaucomatous damage to the conventional outflow pathway, providing novel models of SC-Tie2 signaling loss valuable for preclinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joon Schwakopf
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84132, USA
| | - Cesar O Romero
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84132, USA
| | - Navita N Lopez
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84132, USA
| | - J Cameron Millar
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience and North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA
| | - Monica L Vetter
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84132, USA
| | - Alejandra Bosco
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84132, USA.
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13
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Akiyama M, Tamiya G, Fujiwara K, Shiga Y, Yokoyama Y, Hashimoto K, Sato M, Sato K, Narita A, Hashimoto S, Ueda E, Furuta Y, Hata J, Miyake M, Ikeda HO, Suda K, Numa S, Mori Y, Morino K, Murakami Y, Shimokawa S, Nakamura S, Yawata N, Fujisawa K, Yamana S, Mori K, Ikeda Y, Miyata K, Mori K, Ogino K, Koyanagi Y, Kamatani Y, Ninomiya T, Sonoda KH, Nakazawa T. Genetic Risk Stratification of Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma in Japanese Individuals. Ophthalmology 2024; 131:1271-1280. [PMID: 39023470 DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2024.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the impact of genetic risk estimation for primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) in Japanese individuals. DESIGN Cross-sectional analysis. PARTICIPANTS Genetic risk scores (GRSs) were constructed based on a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of POAG in Japanese people. A total of 3625 Japanese individuals, including 1191 patients and 2434 controls (Japanese Tohoku), were used for the model selection. We also evaluated the discriminative accuracy of constructed GRSs in a dataset comprising 1034 patients and 1147 controls (the Japan Glaucoma Society Omics Group [JGS-OG] and the Genomic Research Committee of the Japanese Ophthalmological Society [GRC-JOS]) and 1900 participants from a population-based study (Hisayama Study). METHODS We evaluated 2 types of GRSs: polygenic risk scores using the pruning and thresholding procedure and a GRS using variants associated with POAG in the GWAS of the International Glaucoma Genetics Consortium (IGGC). We selected the model with the highest areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). In the population-based study, we evaluated the correlations between GRS and ocular measurements. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Proportion of patients with POAG after stratification according to the GRS. RESULTS We found that a GRS using 98 variants, which showed genome-wide significance in the IGGC, showed the best discriminative accuracy (AUC, 0.65). In the Japanese Tohoku, the proportion of patients with POAG in the top 10% individuals was significantly higher than that in the lowest 10% (odds ratio [OR], 6.15; 95% confidence interval [CI], 4.35-8.71). In the JGS-OG and GRC-JOS, we confirmed similar impact of POAG GRS (AUC, 0.64; OR [top vs. bottom decile], 5.81; 95% CI, 3.79-9.01). In the population-based study, POAG prevalence was significantly higher in the top 20% individuals of the GRS compared with the bottom 20% (9.2% vs. 5.0%). However, the discriminative accuracy was low (AUC, 0.56). The POAG GRS was correlated positively with intraocular pressure (r = 0.08: P = 4.0 × 10-4) and vertical cup-to-disc ratio (r = 0.11; P = 4.0 × 10-6). CONCLUSIONS The GRS showed moderate discriminative accuracy for POAG in the Japanese population. However, risk stratification in the general population showed relatively weak discriminative performance. FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE(S) Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found in the Footnotes and Disclosures at the end of this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Akiyama
- Department of Ocular Pathology and Imaging Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan; Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Gen Tamiya
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kohta Fujiwara
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Shiga
- Department of Neuroscience, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada; Neuroscience Division, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada; Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yu Yokoyama
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kazuki Hashimoto
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masataka Sato
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kota Sato
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan; Department of Advanced Ophthalmic Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Akira Narita
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Sawako Hashimoto
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Emi Ueda
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Furuta
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Jun Hata
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masahiro Miyake
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hanako O Ikeda
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kenji Suda
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shogo Numa
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuki Mori
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazuya Morino
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yusuke Murakami
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Sakurako Shimokawa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shun Nakamura
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Nobuyo Yawata
- Department of Ocular Pathology and Imaging Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kimihiko Fujisawa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Japan Community Healthcare Organization Kyushu Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yamana
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Hospital Organization, Kyushu Medical Center, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Mori
- Department of Ophthalmology, Aso Iizuka Hospital, Iizuka, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Ikeda
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | | | - Keisuke Mori
- Department of Ophthalmology, International University of Health and Welfare, Nasu-shiobara, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Ken Ogino
- Department of Ophthalmology, Japanese Red Cross Wakayama Medical Center, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Yoshito Koyanagi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Kamatani
- Laboratory of Complex Trait Genomics, Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiharu Ninomiya
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Koh-Hei Sonoda
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Toru Nakazawa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan; Department of Advanced Ophthalmic Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan; Department of Retinal Disease Control, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan; Department of Ophthalmic Imaging and Information Analytics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
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14
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Tolman N, Li T, Balasubramanian R, Li G, Bupp-Chickering V, Kelly RA, Simón M, Peregrin J, Montgomery C, Stamer WD, Qian J, John SWM. Single-cell profiling of trabecular meshwork identifies mitochondrial dysfunction in a glaucoma model that is protected by vitamin B3 treatment. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.11.01.621152. [PMID: 39829808 PMCID: PMC11741249 DOI: 10.1101/2024.11.01.621152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2025]
Abstract
Since the trabecular meshwork (TM) is central to intraocular pressure (IOP) regulation and glaucoma, a deeper understanding of its genomic landscape is needed. We present a multimodal, single-cell resolution analysis of mouse limbal cells (includes TM). In total, we sequenced 9,394 wild-type TM cell transcriptomes. We discovered three TM cell subtypes with characteristic signature genes validated by immunofluorescence on tissue sections and whole-mounts. The subtypes are robust, being detected in datasets for two diverse mouse strains and in independent data from two institutions. Results show compartmentalized enrichment of critical pathways in specific TM cell subtypes. Distinctive signatures include increased expression of genes responsible for 1) extracellular matrix structure and metabolism (TM1 subtype), 2) secreted ligand signaling to support Schlemm's canal cells (TM2), and 3) contractile and mitochondrial/metabolic activity (TM3). ATAC-sequencing data identified active transcription factors in TM cells, including LMX1B. Mutations in LMX1B cause high IOP and glaucoma. LMX1B is emerging as a key transcription factor for normal mitochondrial function and its expression is much higher in TM3 cells than other limbal cells. To understand the role of LMX1B in TM function and glaucoma, we single-cell sequenced limbal cells from Lmx1b V265D/+ mutant mice. In V265D/+ mice, TM3 cells were uniquely affected by pronounced mitochondrial pathway changes. This supports a primary role of mitochondrial dysfunction within TM3 cells in initiating the IOP elevation that causes glaucoma in these mice. Importantly, treatment with vitamin B 3 (nicotinamide), to enhance mitochondrial function and metabolic resilience, significantly protected Lmx1b mutant mice from IOP elevation.
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15
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Zhang C, Simón M, Lim H, Tolman NG, Horbal L, Juarez FA, Bhandari A, Montgomery C, John SWM. IOP-induced blood-retinal barrier compromise contributes to RGC death in glaucoma. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.10.15.618539. [PMID: 39463998 PMCID: PMC11507889 DOI: 10.1101/2024.10.15.618539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/29/2024]
Abstract
The integrity of the blood-retinal barrier (BRB) has been largely unexplored in glaucoma. We reveal that elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) partially compromises the BRB in two human-relevant inherited mouse models of glaucoma (DBA/2J and Lmx1bV265D). Experimentally increasing IOP in mouse eyes further confirms this. Notably, the compromise induces subtle leakage, happening without bleeding or detected endothelial cell junction disruption, and it precedes neurodegeneration. Leakage occurs from peripheral veins in the retinal ganglion cell layer with a concomitant loss of the transcytosis inhibitor MFSD2A. Importantly, stabilizing β-catenin in retinal endothelial cells prevents both vascular leakage and neurodegeneration in the DBA/2J model. The occurrence of leakage in all 3 high IOP models indicates that BRB compromise may be a common, yet overlooked, mechanism in glaucoma. These findings suggest that IOP-induced BRB compromise plays a critical role in glaucoma, offering a new therapeutic target.
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16
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Balasubramanian R, Kizhatil K, Li T, Tolman N, Bhandari A, Clark G, Bupp-Chickering V, Kelly RA, Zhou S, Peregrin J, Simón M, Montgomery C, Stamer WD, Qian J, John SWM. Transcriptomic profiling of Schlemm's canal cells reveals a lymphatic-biased identity and three major cell states. eLife 2024; 13:RP96459. [PMID: 39422453 PMCID: PMC11488849 DOI: 10.7554/elife.96459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Schlemm's canal (SC) is central in intraocular pressure regulation but requires much characterization. It has distinct inner and outer walls, each composed of Schlemm's canal endothelial cells (SECs) with different morphologies and functions. Recent transcriptomic studies of the anterior segment added important knowledge, but were limited in power by SEC numbers or did not focus on SC. To gain a more comprehensive understanding of SC biology, we performed bulk RNA sequencing on C57BL/6 J SC, blood vessel, and lymphatic endothelial cells from limbal tissue (~4,500 SECs). We also analyzed mouse limbal tissues by single-cell and single-nucleus RNA sequencing (C57BL/6 J and 129/Sj strains), successfully sequencing 903 individual SECs. Together, these datasets confirm that SC has molecular characteristics of both blood and lymphatic endothelia with a lymphatic phenotype predominating. SECs are enriched in pathways that regulate cell-cell junction formation pointing to the importance of junctions in determining SC fluid permeability. Importantly, and for the first time, our analyses characterize three molecular classes of SECs, molecularly distinguishing inner wall from outer wall SECs and discovering two inner wall cell states that likely result from local environmental differences. Further, and based on ligand and receptor expression patterns, we document key interactions between SECs and cells of the adjacent trabecular meshwork (TM) drainage tissue. Also, we present cell type expression for a collection of human glaucoma genes. These data provide a new molecular foundation that will enable the functional dissection of key homeostatic processes mediated by SECs as well as the development of new glaucoma therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Krishnakumar Kizhatil
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Ohio State University Medical CenterColumbusUnited States
| | - Taibo Li
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Nicholas Tolman
- Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of MedicineBostonUnited States
| | - Aakriti Bhandari
- Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of UtahSalt Lake CityUnited States
| | - Graham Clark
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Ohio State University Medical CenterColumbusUnited States
| | - Violet Bupp-Chickering
- Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
| | - Ruth A Kelly
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke UniversityDurhamUnited States
| | - Sally Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
- SUNY Downstate Health Sciences UniversityNew YorkUnited States
| | - John Peregrin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
| | - Marina Simón
- Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
| | - Christa Montgomery
- Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
| | - W Daniel Stamer
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke UniversityDurhamUnited States
| | - Jiang Qian
- Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Simon WM John
- Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia UniversityNew YorkUnited States
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Huang Y, Plotnikov D, Wang H, Shi D, Li C, Zhang X, Zhang X, Tang S, Shang X, Hu Y, Yu H, Zhang H, Guggenheim JA, He M. GWAS-by-subtraction reveals an IOP-independent component of primary open angle glaucoma. Nat Commun 2024; 15:8962. [PMID: 39419966 PMCID: PMC11487129 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-53331-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2024] [Indexed: 10/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The etiology of primary open angle glaucoma is constituted by both intraocular pressure-dependent and intraocular pressure-independent mechanisms. However, GWASs of traits affecting primary open angle glaucoma through mechanisms independent of intraocular pressure remains limited. Here, we address this gap by subtracting the genetic effects of a GWAS for intraocular pressure from a GWAS for primary open angle glaucoma to reveal the genetic contribution to primary open angle glaucoma via intraocular pressure-independent mechanisms. Seventeen independent genome-wide significant SNPs were associated with the intraocular pressure-independent component of primary open angle glaucoma. Of these, 7 are located outside known normal tension glaucoma loci, 11 are located outside known intraocular pressure loci, and 2 are novel primary open angle glaucoma loci. The intraocular pressure-independent genetic component of primary open angle glaucoma is associated with glaucoma endophenotypes, while the intraocular pressure-dependent component is associated with blood pressure and vascular permeability. A genetic risk score for the intraocular pressure-independent component of primary open angle glaucoma is associated with 26 different retinal micro-vascular features, which contrasts with the genetic risk score for the intraocular pressure-dependent component. Increased understanding of these intraocular pressure-dependent and intraocular pressure-independent components provides insights into the pathogenesis of glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Huang
- Guangdong Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
- Division of Population Health and Genomics, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK.
| | - Denis Plotnikov
- Central Research Laboratory, Kazan State Medical University, Kazan, Russia
- School of Optometry & Vision Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Huan Wang
- Division of Population Health and Genomics, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Danli Shi
- Experimental Ophthalmology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Cong Li
- Guangdong Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Xueli Zhang
- Guangdong Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Xiayin Zhang
- Guangdong Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Shulin Tang
- Guangdong Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Xianwen Shang
- Guangdong Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Melbourne, VIC, 3002, Australia
| | - Yijun Hu
- Guangdong Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Honghua Yu
- Guangdong Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
| | - Hongyang Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
| | | | - Mingguang He
- Guangdong Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
- Experimental Ophthalmology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China.
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18
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Meyer KJ, Mercer HE, Roos BR, Fingert JH, Anderson MG. Minimal phenotypes in transgenic mice with the human LOXL1/LOXL1-AS1 locus associated with exfoliation glaucoma. Vision Res 2024; 223:108464. [PMID: 39151208 PMCID: PMC11381136 DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2024.108464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/18/2024]
Abstract
Exfoliation syndrome is a leading cause of secondary glaucoma worldwide. Among the risk-factors for exfoliation syndrome and exfoliation glaucoma that have been investigated, a genetic association with 15q24.1 is among the most striking. The leading candidates for the causal gene at this locus are LOXL1 and/or LOXL1-AS1, but studies have not yet coalesced in establishing, or ruling out, either candidate. Here, we contribute to studies of the 15q24.1 locus by making a partially humanized mouse model in which 166 kb of human genomic DNA from the 15q24.1 locus was introduced into the mouse genome via BAC transgenesis (B6-Tg(RP11-71M11)Andm). Transgenic expression of human genes in the BAC was only detectable for LOXL1-AS1. One cohort of 34 mice (21 experimental hemizygotes and 13 non-carrier control littermates) was assessed by slit-lamp exams and SD-OCT imaging at early (1-2 months) and mid (4-5 months) time points; fundus exams were performed at 5 months of age. A second smaller cohort (3 hemizygotes) were aged extensively (>12 months) to screen for overt abnormalities. Across all genotypes and ages, 136 slit-lamp exams, 128 SD-OCT exams, and 42 fundus exams detected no overt indices of exfoliation syndrome. Quantitatively, small, but statistically significant, age-related declines in ganglion cell complex thickness and total retinal thickness were detected in the hemizygotes at 4 months of age. Overall, this study demonstrates complexity in gene regulation from the 15q24.1 locus and suggests that LOXL1-AS1 is unlikely to be a monogenic cause of exfoliation syndrome but may contribute to glaucomatous retinal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kacie J Meyer
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States; Institute for Vision Research, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Hannah E Mercer
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States; Institute for Vision Research, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Ben R Roos
- Institute for Vision Research, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - John H Fingert
- Institute for Vision Research, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Michael G Anderson
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States; Institute for Vision Research, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States; Center for the Prevention and Treatment of Visual Loss, Iowa City VA Health Care System, Iowa City, IA, United States.
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19
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Xing C, Schultis S, Bondar V, Gong X, Whitson JT, Mootha VV. Increased Risk of Glaucoma in Fuchs Endothelial Corneal Dystrophy Is Independent of TCF4 Trinucleotide Repeat Expansion. Cornea 2024:00003226-990000000-00678. [PMID: 39231626 DOI: 10.1097/ico.0000000000003695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of glaucoma and/or ocular hypertension (G/OHTN) in patients with Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD) and correlate with FECD severity and TCF4 cytosine-thymine-guanine18.1 (CTG18.1) trinucleotide repeat expansion genotype. METHODS We included 167 FECD probands and 110 controls from the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center FECD Genetics Study to estimate the association between FECD and G/OHTN. Participants underwent slit-lamp microscopy for the assessment of Krachmer grade disease severity of FECD. The diagnosis of G/OHTN was ascertained using a patient-reported history of G/OHTN, previous glaucoma surgery and/or glaucoma laser procedure, and use of glaucoma drops. Genomic DNA from blood of participants was used to genotype the CTG18.1 repeat polymorphism by fragment analysis using short tandem repeat and triplet repeat primed polymerase chain reaction assays. RESULTS We observed a 19.2% prevalence of G/OHTN in the FECD probands compared with that of 7.3% in controls. The odds ratio of developing G/OHTN in FECD cases compared with controls was estimated to be 3.34 with a 95% confidence interval of 1.42-7.79 adjusting for age and sex. Among FECD cases, the likelihood of developing G/OHTN correlated positively with Krachmer grade (P = 0.043) and age (P = 0.026). There was no statistical difference of the proportions of patients developing G/OHTN between FECD cases with and without TCF4 CTG18.1 repeat expansion (16 out of 94 and 15 out of 72, respectively, P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Patients with clinically significant FECD should be routinely monitored for the development of glaucoma regardless of their TCF4 repeat expansion genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Xing
- McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
- O'Donnell School of Public Health, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX; and
| | - Sara Schultis
- Department of Ophthalmology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Vladyslav Bondar
- Department of Ophthalmology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Xin Gong
- Department of Ophthalmology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Jess T Whitson
- Department of Ophthalmology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - V Vinod Mootha
- McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
- Department of Ophthalmology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
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20
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Balasubramanian R, Kizhatil K, Li T, Tolman N, Bhandari A, Clark G, Bupp-Chickering V, Kelly RA, Zhou S, Peregrin J, Simón M, Montgomery C, Stamer WD, Qian J, John SW. Transcriptomic profiling of Schlemm's canal cells reveals a lymphatic-biased identity and three major cell states. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.08.31.555823. [PMID: 37886472 PMCID: PMC10602040 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.31.555823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Schlemm's canal (SC) is central in intraocular pressure regulation but requires much characterization. It has distinct inner and outer walls, each composed of Schlemm's canal endothelial cells (SECs) with different morphologies and functions. Recent transcriptomic studies of the anterior segment added important knowledge, but were limited in power by SEC numbers or did not focus on SC. To gain a more comprehensive understanding of SC biology, we performed bulk RNA sequencing on C57BL/6J SC, blood vessel, and lymphatic endothelial cells from limbal tissue (~4500 SECs). We also analyzed mouse limbal tissues by single-cell and single-nucleus RNA sequencing (C57BL/6J and 129/Sj strains), successfully sequencing 903 individual SECs. Together, these datasets confirm that SC has molecular characteristics of both blood and lymphatic endothelia with a lymphatic phenotype predominating. SECs are enriched in pathways that regulate cell-cell junction formation pointing to the importance of junctions in determining SC fluid permeability. Importantly, and for the first time, our analyses characterize 3 molecular classes of SECs, molecularly distinguishing inner wall from outer wall SECs and discovering two inner wall cell states that likely result from local environmental differences. Further, and based on ligand and receptor expression patterns, we document key interactions between SECs and cells of the adjacent trabecular meshwork (TM) drainage tissue. Also, we present cell type expression for a collection of human glaucoma genes. These data provide a new molecular foundation that will enable the functional dissection of key homeostatic processes mediated by SECs as well as the development of new glaucoma therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Krishnakumar Kizhatil
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Taibo Li
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Nicholas Tolman
- Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Aakriti Bhandari
- Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Graham Clark
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH
| | | | | | - Sally Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
- SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, New York, NY
| | - John Peregrin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Marina Simón
- Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Christa Montgomery
- Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | | | - Jiang Qian
- Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Simon W.M. John
- Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
- Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY
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21
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Wang K, Lin X, Sheng S, Chen D, Liu X, Yao K. Association between glaucoma and stroke: A bidirectional mendelian randomization study. ADVANCES IN OPHTHALMOLOGY PRACTICE AND RESEARCH 2024; 4:147-155. [PMID: 39022764 PMCID: PMC11253272 DOI: 10.1016/j.aopr.2024.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Purpose Observational studies have reported positive associations between glaucoma and stroke; however, controversial results exist. Importantly, the nature of the relationship remains unknown since previous studies were not designed to test causality. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the possible causal relationships between glaucoma and stroke. Methods Our two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) encompassed multi-ethnic large-scale genome-wide association studies with more than 20000 cases and 260000 controls for glaucoma, and more than 80000 cases and 630000 controls for stroke. Individual effect estimates for each SNP were combined using the inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method. To avoid potential pleiotropic effects, we adjusted the main results by excluding genetic variants associated with metabolic factors. The weighted median and MR-Egger methods were also used for the sensitivity analysis. Results Our MR analysis revealed that glaucoma and its subtypes, including primary open-angle glaucoma and primary angle-closure glaucoma, exhibited no causal role in relation to any stroke (AS), any ischemic stroke (AIS), large-artery atherosclerotic stroke (LAS), small-vessel stroke (SVS), or cardioembolic stroke (CES) across MR analyses (all P > 0.05). The null associations remained robust even after adjusting for metabolic-related traits and were consistent in both the European and Asian populations. Furthermore, reverse MR analyses also did not indicate any significant causal effects of AS, AIS, LAS, or CES on glaucoma risk. Conclusions Evidence from our series of causal inference approaches using large-scale population-based MR analyses did not support causal effects between glaucoma and stroke. These findings suggest that the relationship of glaucoma management and stroke risk prevention should be carefully evaluated in future studies. In turn, stroke diagnosis should not be simply applied to glaucoma risk prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- Eye Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xueqi Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Siting Sheng
- Eye Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dan Chen
- Eye Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Eye Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ke Yao
- Eye Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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22
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Forrest IS, Duffy Á, Park JK, Vy HMT, Pasquale LR, Nadkarni GN, Cho JH, Do R. Genome-first evaluation with exome sequence and clinical data uncovers underdiagnosed genetic disorders in a large healthcare system. Cell Rep Med 2024; 5:101518. [PMID: 38642551 PMCID: PMC11148562 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2024.101518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
Population-based genomic screening may help diagnose individuals with disease-risk variants. Here, we perform a genome-first evaluation for nine disorders in 29,039 participants with linked exome sequences and electronic health records (EHRs). We identify 614 individuals with 303 pathogenic/likely pathogenic or predicted loss-of-function (P/LP/LoF) variants, yielding 644 observations; 487 observations (76%) lack a corresponding clinical diagnosis in the EHR. Upon further investigation, 75 clinically undiagnosed observations (15%) have evidence of symptomatic untreated disease, including familial hypercholesterolemia (3 of 6 [50%] undiagnosed observations with disease evidence) and breast cancer (23 of 106 [22%]). These genetic findings enable targeted phenotyping that reveals new diagnoses in previously undiagnosed individuals. Disease yield is greater with variants in penetrant genes for which disease is observed in carriers in an independent cohort. The prevalence of P/LP/LoF variants exceeds that of clinical diagnoses, and some clinically undiagnosed carriers are discovered to have disease. These results highlight the potential of population-based genomic screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iain S Forrest
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Medical Scientist Training Program, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Áine Duffy
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Joshua K Park
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Medical Scientist Training Program, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Ha My T Vy
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Center for Genomic Data Analytics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Louis R Pasquale
- Department of Ophthalmology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Eye and Vision Research Institute, New York Eye and Ear Infirmary of Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Girish N Nadkarni
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Division of Data-driven and Digital Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Judy H Cho
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Ron Do
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Center for Genomic Data Analytics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
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23
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Mao M, Kuo YM, Yu AK, Labelle-Dumais C, Ou Y, Gould DB. TGFβ Signaling Dysregulation May Contribute to COL4A1-Related Glaucomatous Optic Nerve Damage. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2024; 65:15. [PMID: 38717426 PMCID: PMC11090142 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.65.5.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Mutations in the genes encoding type IV collagen alpha 1 (COL4A1) and alpha 2 (COL4A2) cause a multisystem disorder that includes ocular anterior segment dysgenesis (ASD) and glaucoma. We previously showed that transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) signaling was elevated in developing anterior segments from Col4a1 mutant mice and that reducing TGFβ signaling ameliorated ASD, supporting a role for the TGFβ pathway in disease pathogenesis. Here, we tested whether altered TGFβ signaling also contributes to glaucoma-related phenotypes in Col4a1 mutant mice. Methods To test the role of TGFβ signaling in glaucoma-relevant phenotypes, we genetically reduced TGFβ signaling using mice with mutated Tgfbr2, which encodes the common receptor for all TGFβ ligands in Col4a1+/G1344D mice. We performed slit-lamp biomicroscopy and optical coherence tomography for qualitative and quantitative analyses of anterior and posterior ocular segments, histological analyses of ocular tissues and optic nerves, and intraocular pressure assessments using rebound tonometry. Results Col4a1+/G1344D mice showed defects of the ocular drainage structures, including iridocorneal adhesions, and phenotypes consistent with glaucomatous neurodegeneration, including thinning of the nerve fiber layer, retinal ganglion cell loss, optic nerve head excavation, and optic nerve degeneration. We found that reducing TGFβ receptor 2 (TGFBR2) was protective for ASD, ameliorated ocular drainage structure defects, and protected against glaucomatous neurodegeneration in Col4a1+/G1344D mice. Conclusions Our results suggest that elevated TGFβ signaling contributes to glaucomatous neurodegeneration in Col4a1 mutant mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao Mao
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States
| | - Yien-Ming Kuo
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States
| | - Alfred K. Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States
| | - Cassandre Labelle-Dumais
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States
| | - Yvonne Ou
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States
| | - Douglas B. Gould
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States
- Department of Anatomy, Institute for Human Genetics, Cardiovascular Research Institute, and Bakar Aging Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States
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24
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Seo JH, Lee Y. Possible Causal Association between Type 2 Diabetes and Glycaemic Traits in Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma: A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomisation Study. Biomedicines 2024; 12:866. [PMID: 38672220 PMCID: PMC11048047 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12040866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Existing literature suggests a controversial relationship between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) and glaucoma. This study aimed to examine the potential causal connection between T2D and glycaemic traits (fasting glucose [FG] and glycated haemoglobin [HbA1c] levels) as exposures to primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) in multi-ethnic populations. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with exposure to T2D, FG, and HbA1c were selected as instrumental variables with significance (p < 5.0 × 10-8) from the genome-wide association study (GWAS)-based meta-analysis data available from the BioBank Japan and the UK Biobank (UKB). The GWAS for POAG was obtained from the meta-analyses of Genetic Epidemiology Research in Adult Health and Aging and the UKB. A two-sample Mendelian randomisation (MR) study was performed to assess the causal estimates using the inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method, and MR-Pleiotropy Residual Sum and Outlier test (MR-PRESSO). Significant causal associations of T2D (odds ratio [OR] = 1.05, 95% confidence interval [CI] = [1.00-1.10], p = 0.031 in IVW; OR = 1.06, 95% CI = [1.01-1.11], p = 0.017 in MR-PRESSO) and FG levels (OR = 1.19, 95% CI = [1.02-1.38], p = 0.026 in IVW; OR = 1.17, 95% CI = [1.01-1.35], p = 0.041 in MR-PRESSO) with POAG were observed, but not in HbA1c (all p > 0.05). The potential causal relationship between T2D or FG and POAG highlights its role in the prevention of POAG. Further investigation is necessary to authenticate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Je Hyun Seo
- Veterans Medical Research Institute, Veterans Health Service Medical Center, Seoul 05368, Republic of Korea;
| | - Young Lee
- Veterans Medical Research Institute, Veterans Health Service Medical Center, Seoul 05368, Republic of Korea;
- Department of Applied Statistics, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
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25
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Pan Y, Iwata T. Exploring the Genetic Landscape of Childhood Glaucoma. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 11:454. [PMID: 38671671 PMCID: PMC11048810 DOI: 10.3390/children11040454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Childhood glaucoma, a significant cause of global blindness, represents a heterogeneous group of disorders categorized into primary or secondary forms. Primary childhood glaucoma stands as the most prevalent subtype, comprising primary congenital glaucoma (PCG) and juvenile open-angle glaucoma (JOAG). Presently, multiple genes are implicated in inherited forms of primary childhood glaucoma. This comprehensive review delves into genetic investigations into primary childhood glaucoma, with a focus on identifying causative genes, understanding their inheritance patterns, exploring essential biological pathways in disease pathogenesis, and utilizing animal models to study these mechanisms. Specifically, attention is directed towards genes such as CYP1B1 (cytochrome P450 family 1 subfamily B member 1), LTBP2 (latent transforming growth factor beta binding protein 2), TEK (TEK receptor tyrosine kinase), ANGPT1 (angiopoietin 1), and FOXC1 (forkhead box C1), all associated with PCG; and MYOC (myocilin), associated with JOAG. Through exploring these genetic factors, this review aims to deepen our understanding of the intricate pathogenesis of primary childhood glaucoma, thereby facilitating the development of enhanced diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Takeshi Iwata
- National Institute of Sensory Organs, NHO Tokyo Medical Center, Tokyo 152-8902, Japan;
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26
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Seo JH, Lee Y. Causal Associations of Glaucoma and Age-Related Macular Degeneration with Cataract: A Bidirectional Two-Sample Mendelian Randomisation Study. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:413. [PMID: 38674349 PMCID: PMC11049509 DOI: 10.3390/genes15040413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Common age-related eye disorders include glaucoma, cataract, and age-related macular degeneration (AMD); however, little is known about their relationship with age. This study investigated the potential causal relationship between glaucoma and AMD with cataract using genetic data from multi-ethnic populations. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with exposure to cataract were selected as instrumental variables (IVs) from genome-wide association studies using meta-analysis data from BioBank Japan and UK Biobank. A bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomisation (MR) study was conducted to assess the causal estimates using inverse variance weighted, MR-Egger, and MR pleiotropy residual sum and outlier tests. SNPs with (p < 5.0 × 10-8) were selected as IVs for cataract, primary open-angle glaucoma, and AMD. We found no causal effects of cataract on glaucoma or AMD (all p > 0.05). Furthermore, there were no causal effects of AMD on cataract (odds ratio [OR] = 1.02, p = 0.400). However, glaucoma had a substantial causal effect on cataract (OR = 1.14, p = 0.020). Our study found no evidence for a causal relationship of cataract on glaucoma or AMD and a casual effect of AMD on cataract. Nonetheless, glaucoma demonstrates a causal link with cataract formation, indicating the need for future investigations of age-related eye diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Je Hyun Seo
- Veterans Medical Research Institute, Veterans Health Service Medical Center, Seoul 05368, Republic of Korea;
| | - Young Lee
- Veterans Medical Research Institute, Veterans Health Service Medical Center, Seoul 05368, Republic of Korea;
- Department of Applied Statistics, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
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27
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Lo Faro V, Bhattacharya A, Zhou W, Zhou D, Wang Y, Läll K, Kanai M, Lopera-Maya E, Straub P, Pawar P, Tao R, Zhong X, Namba S, Sanna S, Nolte IM, Okada Y, Ingold N, MacGregor S, Snieder H, Surakka I, Shortt J, Gignoux C, Rafaels N, Crooks K, Verma A, Verma SS, Guare L, Rader DJ, Willer C, Martin AR, Brantley MA, Gamazon ER, Jansonius NM, Joos K, Cox NJ, Hirbo J. Novel ancestry-specific primary open-angle glaucoma loci and shared biology with vascular mechanisms and cell proliferation. Cell Rep Med 2024; 5:101430. [PMID: 38382466 PMCID: PMC10897632 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2024.101430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), a leading cause of irreversible blindness globally, shows disparity in prevalence and manifestations across ancestries. We perform meta-analysis across 15 biobanks (of the Global Biobank Meta-analysis Initiative) (n = 1,487,441: cases = 26,848) and merge with previous multi-ancestry studies, with the combined dataset representing the largest and most diverse POAG study to date (n = 1,478,037: cases = 46,325) and identify 17 novel significant loci, 5 of which were ancestry specific. Gene-enrichment and transcriptome-wide association analyses implicate vascular and cancer genes, a fifth of which are primary ciliary related. We perform an extensive statistical analysis of SIX6 and CDKN2B-AS1 loci in human GTEx data and across large electronic health records showing interaction between SIX6 gene and causal variants in the chr9p21.3 locus, with expression effect on CDKN2A/B. Our results suggest that some POAG risk variants may be ancestry specific, sex specific, or both, and support the contribution of genes involved in programmed cell death in POAG pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Lo Faro
- Department of Ophthalmology, Amsterdam University Medical Center (AMC), Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam University Medical Center (AMC), Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Arjun Bhattacharya
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Institute for Quantitative and Computational Biosciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Wei Zhou
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Dan Zhou
- Department of Medicine, Division of Genetic Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Ying Wang
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Kristi Läll
- Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Masahiro Kanai
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Statistical Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Esteban Lopera-Maya
- University of Groningen, UMCG, Department of Genetics, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Peter Straub
- Department of Medicine, Division of Genetic Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Priyanka Pawar
- Vanderbilt Eye Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Ran Tao
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Xue Zhong
- Department of Medicine, Division of Genetic Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Shinichi Namba
- Department of Statistical Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Serena Sanna
- University of Groningen, UMCG, Department of Genetics, Groningen, the Netherlands; Institute for Genetics and Biomedical Research (IRGB), National Research Council (CNR), Cagliari, Italy
| | - Ilja M Nolte
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Yukinori Okada
- Department of Statistical Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; Laboratory for Systems Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan; Laboratory of Statistical Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center (WPI-IFReC), Osaka, Japan; Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka, Japan; Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research (CiDER), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Nathan Ingold
- Statistical Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Stuart MacGregor
- Statistical Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Harold Snieder
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Ida Surakka
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jonathan Shortt
- Colorado Center for Personalized Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Chris Gignoux
- Colorado Center for Personalized Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Nicholas Rafaels
- Colorado Center for Personalized Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Kristy Crooks
- Colorado Center for Personalized Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Anurag Verma
- Department of Medicine, Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Shefali S Verma
- Department of Pathology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lindsay Guare
- Department of Pathology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Institute for Biomedical Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Daniel J Rader
- Department of Medicine, Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Cristen Willer
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Alicia R Martin
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Milam A Brantley
- Vanderbilt Eye Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Eric R Gamazon
- Department of Medicine, Division of Genetic Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Nomdo M Jansonius
- Department of Ophthalmology, Amsterdam University Medical Center (AMC), Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Karen Joos
- Vanderbilt Eye Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Nancy J Cox
- Department of Medicine, Division of Genetic Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jibril Hirbo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Genetic Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
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28
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Loo Y, Chan ASY, Khor CC, Aung T, Wang Z. Rodent genetically modified models of glaucoma. Mol Aspects Med 2024; 95:101229. [PMID: 38039744 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2023.101229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Glaucoma, one of the leading causes of irreversible blindness worldwide, is a complex and heterogenous disease. While environmental factors are important, it is well-recognized that the disease has a strong heritable component. With the advent of large-cohort genome wide association studies, a myriad of genetic risk loci has been linked to different forms of glaucoma. Animal models have been an indispensable tool in characterizing these loci, especially if they lie within coding regions in the genome. Not only do these models connect genotype to phenotype, advancing our understanding of glaucoma pathogenesis in the process, they also have valuable utility as a platform for the pre-clinical testing of potential therapies. In this review, we will outline genetic models used for studying the major forms of glaucoma, including primary open angle glaucoma, normal tension glaucoma, primary angle closure glaucoma, pigmentary glaucoma, pseudoexfoliation glaucoma, and early onset glaucoma, including congenital and developmental glaucoma, and how studying these models have helped shed light on human glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhua Loo
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore; Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore
| | - Anita Sook Yee Chan
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore; Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore
| | - Chiea Chuen Khor
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore; Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore; Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore
| | - Tin Aung
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore; Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore
| | - Zhenxun Wang
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore; Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore; Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore.
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29
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Verma SS, Gudiseva HV, Chavali VRM, Salowe RJ, Bradford Y, Guare L, Lucas A, Collins DW, Vrathasha V, Nair RM, Rathi S, Zhao B, He J, Lee R, Zenebe-Gete S, Bowman AS, McHugh CP, Zody MC, Pistilli M, Khachatryan N, Daniel E, Murphy W, Henderer J, Kinzy TG, Iyengar SK, Peachey NS, Taylor KD, Guo X, Chen YDI, Zangwill L, Girkin C, Ayyagari R, Liebmann J, Chuka-Okosa CM, Williams SE, Akafo S, Budenz DL, Olawoye OO, Ramsay M, Ashaye A, Akpa OM, Aung T, Wiggs JL, Ross AG, Cui QN, Addis V, Lehman A, Miller-Ellis E, Sankar PS, Williams SM, Ying GS, Cooke Bailey J, Rotter JI, Weinreb R, Khor CC, Hauser MA, Ritchie MD, O'Brien JM. A multi-cohort genome-wide association study in African ancestry individuals reveals risk loci for primary open-angle glaucoma. Cell 2024; 187:464-480.e10. [PMID: 38242088 PMCID: PMC11844349 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), the leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide, disproportionately affects individuals of African ancestry. We conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) for POAG in 11,275 individuals of African ancestry (6,003 cases; 5,272 controls). We detected 46 risk loci associated with POAG at genome-wide significance. Replication and post-GWAS analyses, including functionally informed fine-mapping, multiple trait co-localization, and in silico validation, implicated two previously undescribed variants (rs1666698 mapping to DBF4P2; rs34957764 mapping to ROCK1P1) and one previously associated variant (rs11824032 mapping to ARHGEF12) as likely causal. For individuals of African ancestry, a polygenic risk score (PRS) for POAG from our mega-analysis (African ancestry individuals) outperformed a PRS from summary statistics of a much larger GWAS derived from European ancestry individuals. This study quantifies the genetic architecture similarities and differences between African and non-African ancestry populations for this blinding disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shefali S Verma
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Harini V Gudiseva
- Scheie Eye Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Venkata R M Chavali
- Scheie Eye Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rebecca J Salowe
- Scheie Eye Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yuki Bradford
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lindsay Guare
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Anastasia Lucas
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - David W Collins
- Scheie Eye Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Vrathasha Vrathasha
- Scheie Eye Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rohini M Nair
- Scheie Eye Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sonika Rathi
- Scheie Eye Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Bingxin Zhao
- Department of Statistics and Data Science, The Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jie He
- Scheie Eye Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Roy Lee
- Scheie Eye Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Selam Zenebe-Gete
- Scheie Eye Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Anita S Bowman
- Scheie Eye Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | | | - Maxwell Pistilli
- Scheie Eye Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Naira Khachatryan
- Scheie Eye Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ebenezer Daniel
- Scheie Eye Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Jeffrey Henderer
- Department of Ophthalmology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Tyler G Kinzy
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Institute for Computational Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA; Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Sudha K Iyengar
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Institute for Computational Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA; Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Neal S Peachey
- Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA; Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Kent D Taylor
- Department of Pediatrics, The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Xiuqing Guo
- Department of Pediatrics, The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Yii-Der Ida Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Linda Zangwill
- Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology, Shiley Eye Institute, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Christopher Girkin
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Radha Ayyagari
- Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology, Shiley Eye Institute, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jeffrey Liebmann
- Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Susan E Williams
- Division of Ophthalmology, Department of Neurosciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Stephen Akafo
- Unit of Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana
| | - Donald L Budenz
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | - Michele Ramsay
- Sydney Brenner Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Adeyinka Ashaye
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Onoja M Akpa
- Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Tin Aung
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Janey L Wiggs
- Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ahmara G Ross
- Scheie Eye Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Qi N Cui
- Scheie Eye Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Victoria Addis
- Scheie Eye Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Amanda Lehman
- Scheie Eye Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Eydie Miller-Ellis
- Scheie Eye Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Prithvi S Sankar
- Scheie Eye Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Scott M Williams
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Gui-Shuang Ying
- Scheie Eye Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jessica Cooke Bailey
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Institute for Computational Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA; Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center for Health Disparities, Brody School of Medicine. East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27834, USA
| | - Jerome I Rotter
- Department of Pediatrics, The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Robert Weinreb
- Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology, Shiley Eye Institute, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Marylyn D Ritchie
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Joan M O'Brien
- Scheie Eye Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA. joan.o'
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30
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Masson EAY, Serrano J, Leger-Charnay E, Acar N. Cholesterol and oxysterols in retinal neuron-glia interactions: relevance for glaucoma. FRONTIERS IN OPHTHALMOLOGY 2024; 3:1303649. [PMID: 38983043 PMCID: PMC11182186 DOI: 10.3389/fopht.2023.1303649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Cholesterol is an essential component of cellular membranes, crucial for maintaining their structural and functional integrity. It is especially important for nervous tissues, including the retina, which rely on high amounts of plasma membranes for the transmission of the nervous signal. While cholesterol is by far the most abundant sterol, the retina also contains cholesterol precursors and metabolites, especially oxysterols, which are bioactive molecules. Cholesterol lack or excess is deleterious and some oxysterols are known for their effect on neuron survival. Cholesterol homeostasis must therefore be maintained. Retinal glial cells, especially Müller cells, the principal glial cells of the vertebrate retina, provide mechanical, nutritional, and metabolic support for the neighboring neurons. Several pieces of evidence indicate that Müller cells are major actors of cholesterol homeostasis in the retina, as it is known for other glial cells in the brain. This process is based on a close cooperation with neurons, and sterols can be signaling molecules participating in glia-neuron interactions. While some implication of cholesterol in age-related macular degeneration is now recognized, based on epidemiological and laboratory data, evidence for its role in glaucoma is still scarce. The association between cholesterolemia and glaucoma is controversial, but experimental data suggest that sterols could take part in the pathological processes. It has been demonstrated that Müller glial cells are implicated in the development of glaucoma through an ambivalent reactive retinal gliosis process. The early steps contribute to maintaining retinal homeostasis and favor the survival of ganglion cells, which are targeted during glaucoma. If gliosis persists, dysregulation of the neuroprotective functions, cytotoxic effects of gliotic Müller cells and disruption of glia-neuron interactions lead to an acceleration of ganglion cell death. Sterols could play a role in the glial cell response to glaucomatous injury. This represents an understudied but attractive topic to better understand glaucoma and conceive novel preventive or curative strategies. The present review describes the current knowledge on i) sterol metabolism in retinal glial cells, ii) the potential role of cholesterol in glaucoma, and iii) the possible relationships between cholesterol and oxysterols, glial cells and glaucoma. Focus is put on glia-neuron interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elodie A Y Masson
- Eye and Nutrition Research Group, Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Jeanne Serrano
- Eye and Nutrition Research Group, Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
- Sensory Perception, Glia/Neuron Interaction Research Group, Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Elise Leger-Charnay
- Eye and Nutrition Research Group, Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Niyazi Acar
- Eye and Nutrition Research Group, Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
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31
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Tirendi S, Domenicotti C, Bassi AM, Vernazza S. Genetics and Glaucoma: the state of the art. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1289952. [PMID: 38152303 PMCID: PMC10751926 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1289952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is the second leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. Although genetic background contributes differently to rare early-onset glaucoma (before age 40) or common adult-onset glaucoma, it is now considered an important factor in all major forms of the disease. Genetic and genomic studies, including GWAS, are contributing to identifying novel loci associated with glaucoma or to endophenotypes across ancestries to enrich the knowledge about glaucoma genetic susceptibility. Moreover, new high-throughput functional genomics contributes to defining the relevance of genetic results in the biological pathways and processes involved in glaucoma pathogenesis. Such studies are expected to advance significantly our understanding of glaucoma's genetic basis and provide new druggable targets to treat glaucoma. This review gives an overview of the role of genetics in the pathogenesis or risk of glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Tirendi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- Inter-University Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principles in Teaching & Research (Centro 3R), Genoa, Italy
| | - Cinzia Domenicotti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- Inter-University Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principles in Teaching & Research (Centro 3R), Genoa, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Bassi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- Inter-University Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principles in Teaching & Research (Centro 3R), Genoa, Italy
| | - Stefania Vernazza
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- Inter-University Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principles in Teaching & Research (Centro 3R), Genoa, Italy
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32
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Wang W, Wang H. Understanding the complex genetics and molecular mechanisms underlying glaucoma. Mol Aspects Med 2023; 94:101220. [PMID: 37856931 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2023.101220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. Currently the only effective treatment for glaucoma is to reduce the intraocular pressure, which can halt the progression of the disease. Highlighting the importance of identifying individuals at risk of developing glaucoma and those with early-stage glaucoma will help patients receive treatment before sight loss. However, some cases of glaucoma do not have raised intraocular pressure. In fact, glaucoma is caused by a variety of different mechanisms and has a wide range of different subtypes. Understanding other risk factors, the underlying mechanisms, and the pathology of glaucoma might lead to novel treatments and treatment of underlying diseases. In this review we present the latest research into glaucoma including the genetics and molecular basis of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Wang
- Shaanxi Eye Hospital, Xi'an People's Hospital (Xi'an Fourth Hospital), Affiliated People's Hospital, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi Province, China.
| | - Huaizhou Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100730, China
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33
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Scuteri D, Pocobelli G, Sakurada Y, Russo R, Tonin P, Nicotera P, Bagetta G, Corasaniti MT, Nucci C. Effect of genotype on individual response to the pharmacological treatment of glaucoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Biol Direct 2023; 18:66. [PMID: 37833756 PMCID: PMC10576330 DOI: 10.1186/s13062-023-00423-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The social impact of glaucoma is worth of note: primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is one of the leading causes of irreversible blindness worldwide, affecting some 68.56 million people with overall prevalence of 2.4%. Since one of the main risk factors for the development of POAG is the increase of intraocular pressure (IOP) causing retinal ganglion cells death, the medical treatment of POAG consists in the use of drugs endowed with neuroprotective effect and able to reduce IOP. These drugs include beta-blockers, prostaglandin analogues, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, alpha or cholinergic agonists and rho kinase inhibitors. However, not all the patients respond to the same extent to the therapy in terms of efficacy and safety. Genetics and genome wide association studies have highlighted the occurrence of mutations and polymorphisms influencing the predisposition to develop POAG and its phenotype, as well as affecting the response to pharmacological treatment. The present systematic review and meta-analysis aims at identifying genetic variants and at verifying whether these can influence the responsiveness of patients to therapy for efficacy and safety. It follows the most updated Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses 2020 recommendations. The literature search was conducted consulting the most relevant scientific databases, i.e. PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science and Public Health Genomics and Precision Health Knowledge Base up to June 14th, 2023. The search retrieved 1026 total records, among which eight met the eligibility criteria for inclusion in the analysis. The results demonstrated that the most investigated pharmacogenetic associations concern latanoprost and timolol, and that efficacy was studied more in depth than safety. Moreover, the heterogeneity of design and paucity of studies prompt further investigation in randomized clinical trials. In fact, adequately powered and designed pharmacogenetic association studies are needed to provide body of evidence with good certainty for a more appropriate use of medical therapy in POAG.PROSPERO registration: CRD42023434867.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damiana Scuteri
- Pharmacotechnology Documentation and Transfer Unit, Preclinical and Translational Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
- Regional Center for Serious Brain Injuries, S. Anna Institute, 88900 Crotone, Italy
| | - Giulio Pocobelli
- Ophthalmology Unit, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Yoichi Sakurada
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi 409-3821 Japan
| | - Rossella Russo
- Preclinical and Translational Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Paolo Tonin
- Regional Center for Serious Brain Injuries, S. Anna Institute, 88900 Crotone, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Nicotera
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Giacinto Bagetta
- Pharmacotechnology Documentation and Transfer Unit, Preclinical and Translational Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | | | - Carlo Nucci
- Ophthalmology Unit, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
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Newman-Casey PA, Aliancy J, Lu MC, Woodward MA, Hicks PM, Niziol LM, Musch DC, Bicket AK, John D, Killeen O, Wood SD, Johnson L, Kershaw M, Zhang J, Elam AR. Social Deprivation and the Risk of Screening Positive for Glaucoma in the MI-SIGHT Telemedicine-Based Glaucoma Detection Program. Ophthalmology 2023; 130:1053-1065. [PMID: 37211338 PMCID: PMC10527632 DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2023.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess whether increased poverty is associated with increased risk of screening positive for glaucoma or suspected glaucoma in a large public screening and intervention program. DESIGN Cross-sectional study from 2020 to 2022. PARTICIPANTS Adults ≥ 18 years old without acute ocular symptoms. METHODS Michigan Screening and Intervention for Glaucoma and eye Health through Telemedicine (MI-SIGHT) program participants' sociodemographic characteristics and area deprivation index (ADI) values were summarized from the clinical sites, which included a free clinic and a Federally Qualified Health Center (FQHC). The ADI, a composite measure of neighborhood deprivation (range, 1-10; 10 is worst deprivation), was assigned on the basis of the participants' addresses. Group comparisons were performed via 2-sample t tests or Wilcoxon Mann-Whitney tests for continuous measures and chi-square tests or Fisher exact tests with Monte Carlo simulation for categorical measures; Holm adjustment was used for multiple comparisons. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Risk factors for screening positive for glaucoma or suspected glaucoma. RESULTS Of the 1171 enrolled participants, 1165 (99.5%) completed the screening: 34% at the free clinic and 66% at the FQHC. Participants were on average aged 55.1 ± 14.5 years, 62% were women, 54% self-reported as Black/African-American, 34% White, 10% Hispanic or Latino, and 70% earned < $30 000 annually. The mean ADI was 7.2 ± 3.1. The FQHC had higher (worse) ADI than the free clinic (free clinic: 4.5 ± 2.9, FQHC: 8.5 ± 2.1, P < 0.0001). One-quarter (24%) of participants screened positive for glaucoma or suspected glaucoma. Screening positive for glaucoma or suspected glaucoma was associated with being older (P = 0.01), identifying as Black/African-American (P = 0.0001), having an established eyecare clinician (P = 0.0005), and not driving a personal vehicle to the appointment (P = 0.001), which is a proxy for increased poverty. Participants who screened positive had worse ADI than those who screened negative (7.7 ± 2.8 vs. 7.0 ± 3.2, P = 0.002). A larger percentage of White participants screened positive at the FQHC compared with White participants at the free clinic (21.3% vs. 12.3%, P = 0.01). FQHC White participants had worse ADI than free clinic White participants (7.5 ± 2.5 vs. 3.7 ± 2.7, P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Personal poverty, assessed as not driving a personal vehicle to the appointment, and neighborhood-level poverty were both associated with increased rates of screening positive for glaucoma or suspected glaucoma. FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE(S) Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found in the Footnotes and Disclosures at the end of this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Anne Newman-Casey
- Kellogg Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Institute for Health Policy and Innovation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
| | - Joah Aliancy
- Kellogg Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Ming-Chen Lu
- Kellogg Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Maria A Woodward
- Kellogg Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Institute for Health Policy and Innovation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Patrice M Hicks
- Kellogg Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Leslie M Niziol
- Kellogg Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - David C Musch
- Kellogg Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Institute for Health Policy and Innovation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Amanda K Bicket
- Kellogg Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Institute for Health Policy and Innovation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Denise John
- Kellogg Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Olivia Killeen
- Kellogg Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Institute for Health Policy and Innovation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Sarah D Wood
- Kellogg Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | | | | | - Jason Zhang
- Kellogg Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Angela R Elam
- Kellogg Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Institute for Health Policy and Innovation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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Cheng Y, Justice A, Wang Z, Li B, Hancock DB, Johnson EO, Xu K. Cis-meQTL for cocaine use-associated DNA methylation in an HIV-positive cohort show pleiotropic effects on multiple traits. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:556. [PMID: 37730558 PMCID: PMC10510240 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09661-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cocaine use (CU) is associated with psychiatric and medical diseases. Little is known about the mechanisms of CU-related comorbidities. Findings from preclinical and clinical studies have suggested that CU is associated with aberrant DNA methylation (DNAm) that may be influenced by genetic variants [i.e., methylation quantitative trait loci (meQTLs)]. In this study, we mapped cis-meQTLs for CU-associated DNAm sites (CpGs) in an HIV-positive cohort (Ntotal = 811) and extended the meQTLs to multiple traits. RESULTS We conducted cis-meQTL analysis for 224 candidate CpGs selected for their association with CU in blood. We identified 7,101 significant meQTLs [false discovery rate (FDR) < 0.05], which mostly mapped to genes involved in immunological functions and were enriched in immune pathways. We followed up the meQTLs using phenome-wide association study and trait enrichment analyses, which revealed 9 significant traits. We tested for causal effects of CU on these 9 traits using Mendelian Randomization and found evidence that CU plays a causal role in increasing hypertension (p-value = 2.35E-08) and decreasing heel bone mineral density (p-value = 1.92E-19). CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that genetic variants for CU-associated DNAm have pleiotropic effects on other relevant traits and provide new insights into the causal relationships between cocaine use and these complex traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youshu Cheng
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
- VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, 06516, USA
| | - Amy Justice
- VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, 06516, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Zuoheng Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Boyang Li
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
- VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, 06516, USA
| | - Dana B Hancock
- GenOmics, Bioinformatics, and Translational Research Center, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Eric O Johnson
- GenOmics, Bioinformatics, and Translational Research Center, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
- Fellow Program, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Ke Xu
- VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, 06516, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, 300 George Street, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA.
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Ju WK, Perkins GA, Kim KY, Bastola T, Choi WY, Choi SH. Glaucomatous optic neuropathy: Mitochondrial dynamics, dysfunction and protection in retinal ganglion cells. Prog Retin Eye Res 2023; 95:101136. [PMID: 36400670 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2022.101136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Glaucoma is a leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide and is characterized by a slow, progressive, and multifactorial degeneration of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and their axons, resulting in vision loss. Despite its high prevalence in individuals 60 years of age and older, the causing factors contributing to glaucoma progression are currently not well characterized. Intraocular pressure (IOP) is the only proven treatable risk factor. However, lowering IOP is insufficient for preventing disease progression. One of the significant interests in glaucoma pathogenesis is understanding the structural and functional impairment of mitochondria in RGCs and their axons and synapses. Glaucomatous risk factors such as IOP elevation, aging, genetic variation, neuroinflammation, neurotrophic factor deprivation, and vascular dysregulation, are potential inducers for mitochondrial dysfunction in glaucoma. Because oxidative phosphorylation stress-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with structural and functional impairment of mitochondria in glaucomatous RGCs, understanding the underlying mechanisms and relationship between structural and functional alterations in mitochondria would be beneficial to developing mitochondria-related neuroprotection in RGCs and their axons and synapses against glaucomatous neurodegeneration. Here, we review the current studies focusing on mitochondrial dynamics-based structural and functional alterations in the mitochondria of glaucomatous RGCs and therapeutic strategies to protect RGCs against glaucomatous neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won-Kyu Ju
- Hamilton Glaucoma Center and Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology and Shiley Eye Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
| | - Guy A Perkins
- National Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research, Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Keun-Young Kim
- National Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research, Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Tonking Bastola
- Hamilton Glaucoma Center and Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology and Shiley Eye Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Woo-Young Choi
- Hamilton Glaucoma Center and Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology and Shiley Eye Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA; Department of Plastic Surgery, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwang-ju, South Korea
| | - Soo-Ho Choi
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
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Ribeiro-dos-Santos A, de Brito LM, de Araújo GS. The fusiform gyrus exhibits differential gene-gene co-expression in Alzheimer's disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1138336. [PMID: 37255536 PMCID: PMC10225579 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1138336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is an irreversible neurodegenerative disease clinically characterized by the presence of β-amyloid plaques and tau deposits in various regions of the brain. However, the underlying factors that contribute to the development of AD remain unclear. Recently, the fusiform gyrus has been identified as a critical brain region associated with mild cognitive impairment, which may increase the risk of AD development. In our study, we performed gene co-expression and differential co-expression network analyses, as well as gene-expression-based prediction, using RNA-seq transcriptome data from post-mortem fusiform gyrus tissue samples collected from both cognitively healthy individuals and those with AD. We accessed differential co-expression networks in large cohorts such as ROSMAP, MSBB, and Mayo, and conducted over-representation analyses of gene pathways and gene ontology. Our results comprise four exclusive gene hubs in co-expression modules of Alzheimer's Disease, including FNDC3A, MED23, NRIP1, and PKN2. Further, we identified three genes with differential co-expressed links, namely FAM153B, CYP2C8, and CKMT1B. The differential co-expressed network showed moderate predictive performance for AD, with an area under the curve ranging from 0.71 to 0.76 (+/- 0.07). The over-representation analysis identified enrichment for Toll-Like Receptors Cascades and signaling pathways, such as G protein events, PIP2 hydrolysis and EPH-Epherin mechanism, in the fusiform gyrus. In conclusion, our findings shed new light on the molecular pathophysiology of AD by identifying new genes and biological pathways involved, emphasizing the crucial role of gene regulatory networks in the fusiform gyrus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Ribeiro-dos-Santos
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Laboratório de Genética Humana e Médica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Miranda de Brito
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Laboratório de Genética Humana e Médica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil
- Centro de Informática, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Gilderlanio Santana de Araújo
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Laboratório de Genética Humana e Médica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil
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Yadav M, Bhardwaj A, Yadav A, Dada R, Tanwar M. Molecular genetics of primary open-angle glaucoma. Indian J Ophthalmol 2023; 71:1739-1756. [PMID: 37203025 PMCID: PMC10391438 DOI: 10.4103/ijo.ijo_2570_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is a series of linked optic diseases resulting in progressive vision loss and total blindness due to the acquired loss of retinal ganglion cells. This harm to the optic nerve results in visual impairment and, ultimately, total blindness if left untreated. Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is the most frequent variety within the large family of glaucoma. It is a multifaceted and heterogeneous condition with several environmental and genetic variables aiding in its etiology. By 2040, there will be 111.8 million glaucoma patients globally, with Asia and Africa accounting for the vast majority. The goal of this review is to elaborate on the role of genes (nuclear and mitochondrial) as well as their variants in the pathogenesis of POAG. PubMed and Google Scholar databases were searched online for papers until September 2022. Prevalence and inheritance patterns vary significantly across different ethnic and geographic populations. Numerous causative genetic loci may exist; however, only a few have been recognized and characterized. Further investigation into the genetic etiology of POAG is expected to uncover novel and intriguing causal genes, allowing for a more precise pathogenesis pattern of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Yadav
- Department of Genetics, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Harayana, India
| | - Aarti Bhardwaj
- Department of Genetics, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Harayana, India
| | - Anshu Yadav
- Department of Genetics, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Harayana, India
| | - Rima Dada
- Department of Anatomy, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
| | - Mukesh Tanwar
- Department of Genetics, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Harayana, India
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Gao XR, Chiariglione M, Choquet H, Arch AJ. 10 Years of GWAS in intraocular pressure. Front Genet 2023; 14:1130106. [PMID: 37124618 PMCID: PMC10130654 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1130106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Intraocular pressure (IOP) is the only modifiable risk factor for glaucoma, the leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. In this review, we summarize the findings of genome-wide association studies (GWASs) of IOP published in the past 10 years and prior to December 2022. Over 190 genetic loci and candidate genes associated with IOP have been uncovered through GWASs, although most of these studies were conducted in subjects of European and Asian ancestries. We also discuss how these common variants have been used to derive polygenic risk scores for predicting IOP and glaucoma, and to infer causal relationship with other traits and conditions through Mendelian randomization. Additionally, we summarize the findings from a recent large-scale exome-wide association study (ExWAS) that identified rare variants associated with IOP in 40 novel genes, six of which are drug targets for clinical treatment or are being evaluated in clinical trials. Finally, we discuss the need for future genetic studies of IOP to include individuals from understudied populations, including Latinos and Africans, in order to fully characterize the genetic architecture of IOP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyi Raymond Gao
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- Division of Human Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Marion Chiariglione
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Hélène Choquet
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, United States
| | - Alexander J. Arch
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
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Lack of Association of Polymorphism Located Upstream of ABCA1 (rs2472493), in FNDC3B (rs7636836), and Near ANKRD55–MAP3K1 Genes (rs61275591) in Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma Patients of Saudi Origin. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14030704. [PMID: 36980976 PMCID: PMC10048255 DOI: 10.3390/genes14030704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Polymorphisms rs2472493 near ABCA1, rs7636836 in FNDC3B, and rs61275591 near the ANKRD55–MAP3K1 genes were previously reported to exhibit genome-wide significance in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). Since these polymorphisms have not been investigated in the Arab population of Saudi Arabia, we examined their association with POAG in a Saudi cohort. Genotyping was performed in 152 POAG cases and 246 controls using Taqman real-time assays and their associations with POAG and clinical markers, such as intraocular pressure, cup/disc ratio, and the number of antiglaucoma medications, were tested by statistical methods. There was no association observed between POAG and the minor allele frequencies of rs2472493[G], rs7636836[T], or rs61275591[A]. None of the genetic models such as co-dominant, dominant, recessive, over-dominant, and log-additive demonstrated any genotype link. The Rs2472493 genotype showed a modest association (p = 0.044) with the number of antiglaucoma medications in the POAG group, but no significant genotype effect on post hoc analysis. In addition, a G-T allelic haplotype of rs2472493 (ABCA1) and rs7636836 (FNDC3B) did show an over two-fold increased risk of POAG (odds ratio = 2.18), albeit non-significantly (p = 0.092). Similarly, no other allelic haplotype of the three variants showed any significant association with POAG. Our study did not replicate the genetic association of rs2472493 (ABCA1), rs763683 (FNDC3B), and rs61275591 (ANKRD55–MAP3K1) in POAG and related clinical phenotypes, suggesting that these polymorphisms are not associated with POAG in a Saudi cohort of Arab ethnicity. However, large population-based multicenter studies are needed to validate these results.
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Causal Association between Iritis or Uveitis and Glaucoma: A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomisation Study. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14030642. [PMID: 36980914 PMCID: PMC10048342 DOI: 10.3390/genes14030642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have suggested an association between iritis or uveitis and glaucoma. This study investigated the causal relationship between glaucoma and iritis and uveitis as exposures in a multi-ethnic population. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with exposures to iritis and uveitis from the genome-wide association study (GWAS) data of Biobank Japan (BBJ) and the meta-analysis data from BBJ and UK Biobank (UKB) were used as instrumental variables (IVs). The GWAS dataset for glaucoma was extracted from the meta-analysis data (n = 240,302) of Genetic Epidemiology Research in Adult Health and Aging and UKB. The casual estimates were assessed with a two-sample Mendelian randomisation (MR) test using the inverse-variance-weighted (IVW) method, weighted median method, MR–Egger method, and MR-Pleiotropy Residual Sum and Outlier test. The IVW method revealed a significant causal association between iritis and glaucoma using IVs (p < 5.0 × 10−8) from the East Asian population (n = 2) (odds ratio [OR] = 1.01, p = 0.017), a significant association between iritis exposures (p < 5.0 × 10−8) in the multi-ethnic population (n = 11) (OR = 1.04, p = 0.001), and a significant causal association between uveitis exposures (n = 10 with p < 5.0 × 10−8) and glaucoma in the multi-ethnic population (OR = 1.04, p = 0.001). Iritis and uveitis had causal effects on glaucoma risk based on IVs from the multi-ethnic population. These findings imply that the current classifications of uveitic glaucoma and open-angle glaucoma overlap, indicating the need for further investigating these complex relationships.
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Kuang G, Salowe R, O’Brien J. Genetic Factors Implicated in the Investigation of Possible Connections between Alzheimer's Disease and Primary Open Angle Glaucoma. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:338. [PMID: 36833265 PMCID: PMC9957421 DOI: 10.3390/genes14020338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Both Alzheimer's disease (AD) and primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) are diseases of primary global neurodegeneration with complex pathophysiologies. Throughout the published literature, researchers have highlighted similarities associated with various aspects of both diseases. In light of the increasing number of findings reporting resemblance between the two neurodegenerative processes, scientists have grown interested in possible underlying connections between AD and POAG. In the search for explanations to fundamental mechanisms, a multitude of genes have been studied in each condition, with overlap in the genes of interest between AD and POAG. Greater understanding of genetic factors can drive the research process of identifying relationships and elucidating common pathways of disease. These connections can then be utilized to advance research as well as to generate new clinical applications. Notably, AD and glaucoma are currently diseases with irreversible consequences that often lack effective therapies. An established genetic connection between AD and POAG would serve as the basis for development of gene or pathway targeted strategies relevant to both diseases. Such a clinical application could be of immense benefit to researchers, clinicians, and patients alike. This paper aims to summarize the genetic associations between AD and POAG, describe common underlying mechanisms, discuss potential areas of application, and organize the findings in a review.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Joan O’Brien
- Scheie Eye Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Wang K, Yang F, Liu X, Lin X, Yin H, Tang Q, Jiang L, Yao K. Appraising the Effects of Metabolic Traits on the Risk of Glaucoma: A Mendelian Randomization Study. Metabolites 2023; 13:109. [PMID: 36677034 PMCID: PMC9867384 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13010109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic traits are associated with the risk of developing glaucoma in observational studies. To assess whether theses associations reflect causality, we conducted a Mendelian randomization (MR) study. Our study included up to 20,906 glaucoma cases and 438,188 controls. Genetic instruments associated with the concerned 11 exposures at the genome-wide significance level were selected from corresponding genome-wide association studies. Summary-level data for glaucoma were obtained from the UK Biobank, the GERA study, and the FinnGen consortium. Univariable and multivariable MR analyses were conducted separately in two populations. Our results showed that higher genetic liability to type 2 diabetes (T2D) was causally and independently associated with an increased risk of glaucoma (odds ratio [OR], 1.11; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.06-1.16; p = 4.4 × 10-6). The association for T2D persisted after multivariable adjustment. In addition, higher genetically predicted systolic blood pressure (SBP), fasting glucose (FG), and HbA1c, were also suggestively associated with glaucoma risk. The OR was 1.08 (95% CI, 1.01-1.16; p = 0.035) for SBP, 1.24 (95% CI, 1.05-1.47; p = 0.011) for FG, and 1.28 (95% CI, 1.01-1.61; p = 0.039) for HbA1c. No evidence was observed to support the causal effects of body mass index and blood lipids for glaucoma. This study suggests a causal role for diabetes, as well as possible roles for higher SBP, FG, and HbA1c in the development of glaucoma. Further validation is needed to assess the potential of these risk factors as pharmacological targets for glaucoma prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- Eye Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Fangkun Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo 315010, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Eye Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Xueqi Lin
- Eye Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Houfa Yin
- Eye Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Qiaomei Tang
- Eye Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Li Jiang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Ke Yao
- Eye Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
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Pezzino S, Sofia M, Greco LP, Litrico G, Filippello G, Sarvà I, La Greca G, Latteri S. Microbiome Dysbiosis: A Pathological Mechanism at the Intersection of Obesity and Glaucoma. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021166. [PMID: 36674680 PMCID: PMC9862076 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The rate at which obesity is becoming an epidemic in many countries is alarming. Obese individuals have a high risk of developing elevated intraocular pressure and glaucoma. Additionally, glaucoma is a disease of epidemic proportions. It is characterized by neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation with optic neuropathy and the death of retinal ganglion cells (RGC). On the other hand, there is growing interest in microbiome dysbiosis, particularly in the gut, which has been widely acknowledged to play a prominent role in the etiology of metabolic illnesses such as obesity. Recently, studies have begun to highlight the fact that microbiome dysbiosis could play a critical role in the onset and progression of several neurodegenerative diseases, as well as in the development and progression of several ocular disorders. In obese individuals, gut microbiome dysbiosis can induce endotoxemia and systemic inflammation by causing intestinal barrier malfunction. As a result, bacteria and their metabolites could be delivered via the bloodstream or mesenteric lymphatic vessels to ocular regions at the level of the retina and optic nerve, causing tissue degeneration and neuroinflammation. Nowadays, there is preliminary evidence for the existence of brain and intraocular microbiomes. The altered microbiome of the gut could perturb the resident brain-ocular microbiome ecosystem which, in turn, could exacerbate the local inflammation. All these processes, finally, could lead to the death of RGC and neurodegeneration. The purpose of this literature review is to explore the recent evidence on the role of gut microbiome dysbiosis and related inflammation as common mechanisms underlying obesity and glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Pezzino
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “G. F. Ingrassia”, Cannizzaro Hospital, University of Catania, 95126 Catania, Italy
| | - Maria Sofia
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “G. F. Ingrassia”, Cannizzaro Hospital, University of Catania, 95126 Catania, Italy
| | - Luigi Piero Greco
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “G. F. Ingrassia”, Cannizzaro Hospital, University of Catania, 95126 Catania, Italy
| | - Giorgia Litrico
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “G. F. Ingrassia”, Cannizzaro Hospital, University of Catania, 95126 Catania, Italy
| | - Giulia Filippello
- Complex Operative Unit of Ophtalmology, Cannizzaro Hospital, University of Catania, 95126 Catania, Italy
| | - Iacopo Sarvà
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “G. F. Ingrassia”, Cannizzaro Hospital, University of Catania, 95126 Catania, Italy
| | - Gaetano La Greca
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “G. F. Ingrassia”, Cannizzaro Hospital, University of Catania, 95126 Catania, Italy
| | - Saverio Latteri
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “G. F. Ingrassia”, Cannizzaro Hospital, University of Catania, 95126 Catania, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0957263584
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Nealon CL, Halladay CW, Kinzy TG, Simpson P, Canania RL, Anthony SA, Roncone DP, Sawicki Rogers LR, Leber JN, Dougherty JM, Sullivan JM, Wu WC, Greenberg PB, Iyengar SK, Crawford DC, Peachey NS, Bailey JNC, VA Million Veteran Program. Development and Evaluation of a Rules-based Algorithm for Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma in the VA Million Veteran Program. Ophthalmic Epidemiol 2022; 29:640-648. [PMID: 34822319 PMCID: PMC9583190 DOI: 10.1080/09286586.2021.1992784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The availability of electronic health record (EHR)-linked biobank data for research presents opportunities to better understand complex ocular diseases. Developing accurate computable phenotypes for ocular diseases for which gold standard diagnosis includes imaging remains inaccessible in most biobank-linked EHRs. The objective of this study was to develop and validate a computable phenotype to identify primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) through accessing the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) Computerized Patient Record System (CPRS) and Million Veteran Program (MVP) biobank. Accessing CPRS clinical ophthalmology data from VA Medical Center Eye Clinic (VAMCEC) patients, we developed and iteratively refined POAG case and control algorithms based on clinical, prescription, and structured diagnosis data (ICD-CM codes). Refinement was performed via detailed chart review, initially at a single VAMCEC (n = 200) and validated at two additional VAMCECs (n = 100 each). Positive and negative predictive values (PPV, NPV) were computed as the proportion of CPRS patients correctly classified with POAG or without POAG, respectively, by the algorithms, validated by ophthalmologists and optometrists with access to gold-standard clinical diagnosis data. The final algorithms performed better than previously reported approaches in assuring the accuracy and reproducibility of POAG classification (PPV >83% and NPV >97%) with consistent performance in Black or African American and in White Veterans. Applied to the MVP to identify cases and controls, genetic analysis of a known POAG-associated locus further validated the algorithms. We conclude that ours is a viable approach to use combined EHR-genetic data to study patients with complex diseases that require imaging confirmation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tyler G. Kinzy
- VA Northeast Ohio Healthcare System, Cleveland, OH
- Cleveland Institute for Computational Biology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jenna N. Leber
- Ophthalmology Section, VA Western NY Health Care System, Buffalo NY
| | | | - Jack M. Sullivan
- Ophthalmology Section, VA Western NY Health Care System, Buffalo NY
| | - Wen-Chih Wu
- Cardiology Section, Medical Service, Providence VA Medical Center, Providence, RI
| | - Paul B. Greenberg
- Ophthalmology Section, Providence VA Medical Center, Providence, RI
- Division of Ophthalmology, Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - Sudha K. Iyengar
- VA Northeast Ohio Healthcare System, Cleveland, OH
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH
| | - Dana C. Crawford
- VA Northeast Ohio Healthcare System, Cleveland, OH
- Cleveland Institute for Computational Biology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH
| | - Neal S. Peachey
- VA Northeast Ohio Healthcare System, Cleveland, OH
- Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH
- Department of Ophthalmology, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - Jessica N. Cooke Bailey
- VA Northeast Ohio Healthcare System, Cleveland, OH
- Cleveland Institute for Computational Biology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH
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Waksmunski AR, Kinzy TG, Cruz LA, Nealon CL, Halladay CW, Simpson P, Canania RL, Anthony SA, Roncone DP, Sawicki Rogers L, Leber JN, Dougherty JM, Greenberg PB, Sullivan JM, Wu WC, Iyengar SK, Crawford DC, Peachey NS, Cooke Bailey JN. Glaucoma Genetic Risk Scores in the Million Veteran Program. Ophthalmology 2022; 129:1263-1274. [PMID: 35718050 PMCID: PMC9997524 DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2022.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is a degenerative eye disease for which early treatment is critical to mitigate visual impairment and irreversible blindness. POAG-associated loci individually confer incremental risk. Genetic risk score(s) (GRS) could enable POAG risk stratification. Despite significantly higher POAG burden among individuals of African ancestry (AFR), GRS are limited in this population. A recent large-scale, multi-ancestry meta-analysis identified 127 POAG-associated loci and calculated cross-ancestry and ancestry-specific effect estimates, including in European ancestry (EUR) and AFR individuals. We assessed the utility of the 127-variant GRS for POAG risk stratification in EUR and AFR Veterans in the Million Veteran Program (MVP). We also explored the association between GRS and documented invasive glaucoma surgery (IGS). DESIGN Cross-sectional study. PARTICIPANTS MVP Veterans with imputed genetic data, including 5830 POAG cases (445 with IGS documented in the electronic health record) and 64 476 controls. METHODS We tested unweighted and weighted GRS of 127 published risk variants in EUR (3382 cases and 58 811 controls) and AFR (2448 cases and 5665 controls) Veterans in the MVP. Weighted GRS were calculated using effect estimates from the most recently published report of cross-ancestry and ancestry-specific meta-analyses. We also evaluated GRS in POAG cases with documented IGS. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Performance of 127-variant GRS in EUR and AFR Veterans for POAG risk stratification and association with documented IGS. RESULTS GRS were significantly associated with POAG (P < 5 × 10-5) in both groups; a higher proportion of EUR compared with AFR were consistently categorized in the top GRS decile (21.9%-23.6% and 12.9%-14.5%, respectively). Only GRS weighted by ancestry-specific effect estimates were associated with IGS documentation in AFR cases; all GRS types were associated with IGS in EUR cases. CONCLUSIONS Varied performance of the GRS for POAG risk stratification and documented IGS association in EUR and AFR Veterans highlights (1) the complex risk architecture of POAG, (2) the importance of diverse representation in genomics studies that inform GRS construction and evaluation, and (3) the necessity of expanding diverse POAG-related genomic data so that GRS can equitably aid in screening individuals at high risk of POAG and who may require more aggressive treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea R Waksmunski
- Cleveland Institute for Computational Biology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio; Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Tyler G Kinzy
- Cleveland Institute for Computational Biology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio; Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio; Research Service, VA Northeast Ohio Healthcare System, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Lauren A Cruz
- Cleveland Institute for Computational Biology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio; Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Cari L Nealon
- Eye Clinic, VA Northeast Ohio Healthcare System, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Christopher W Halladay
- Center of Innovation in Long Term Services and Supports, Providence VA Medical Center, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Piana Simpson
- Eye Clinic, VA Northeast Ohio Healthcare System, Cleveland, Ohio
| | | | - Scott A Anthony
- Eye Clinic, VA Northeast Ohio Healthcare System, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - David P Roncone
- Eye Clinic, VA Northeast Ohio Healthcare System, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Lea Sawicki Rogers
- Ophthalmology Section, VA Western NY Healthcare System, Buffalo, New York
| | - Jenna N Leber
- Ophthalmology Section, VA Western NY Healthcare System, Buffalo, New York
| | | | - Paul B Greenberg
- Ophthalmology Section, Providence VA Medical Center, Providence, Rhode Island; Division of Ophthalmology, Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Jack M Sullivan
- Ophthalmology Section, VA Western NY Healthcare System, Buffalo, New York; Research Service, VA Western NY Healthcare System, Buffalo, New York
| | - Wen-Chih Wu
- Cardiology Section, Medical Service, Providence VA Medical Center, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Sudha K Iyengar
- Cleveland Institute for Computational Biology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio; Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio; Research Service, VA Northeast Ohio Healthcare System, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Dana C Crawford
- Cleveland Institute for Computational Biology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio; Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio; Research Service, VA Northeast Ohio Healthcare System, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Neal S Peachey
- Research Service, VA Northeast Ohio Healthcare System, Cleveland, Ohio; Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio; Department of Ophthalmology, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Jessica N Cooke Bailey
- Cleveland Institute for Computational Biology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio; Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio; Research Service, VA Northeast Ohio Healthcare System, Cleveland, Ohio.
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Choquet H, Khawaja AP, Jiang C, Yin J, Melles RB, Glymour MM, Hysi PG, Jorgenson E. Association Between Myopic Refractive Error and Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma: A 2-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study. JAMA Ophthalmol 2022; 140:864-871. [PMID: 35900730 PMCID: PMC9335248 DOI: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2022.2762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Importance Refractive error (RE) is the most common form of visual impairment, and myopic RE is associated with an increased risk of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). Whether this association represents a causal role of RE in the etiology of POAG remains unknown. Objective To evaluate shared genetic influences and investigate the association of myopic RE with the risk for POAG. Design, Setting, and Participants Observational analyses were used to evaluate the association between mean spherical equivalent (MSE) RE (continuous trait) or myopia (binary trait) and POAG risk in individuals from the Genetic Epidemiology Research on Adult Health and Aging (GERA) cohort. To quantify genetic overlap, genome-wide genetic correlation analyses were performed using genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of MSE RE or myopia and POAG from GERA. Potential causal effects were assessed between MSE RE and POAG using 2-sample Mendelian randomization. Genetic variants associated with MSE RE were derived using GWAS summary statistics from a GWAS of RE conducted in 102 117 UK Biobank participants. For POAG, we used GWAS summary statistics from our previous GWAS (3836 POAG cases and 48 065 controls from GERA). Data analyses occurred between July 2020 and October 2021. Main Outcomes and Measure Our main outcome was POAG risk as odds ratio (OR) caused by per-unit difference in MSE RE (in diopters). Results Our observational analyses included data for 54 755 non-Hispanic White individuals (31 926 [58%] females and 22 829 [42%] males). Among 4047 individuals with POAG, mean (SD) age was 73.64 (9.20) years; mean (SD) age of the 50 708 controls was 65.38 (12.24) years. Individuals with POAG had a lower refractive MSE and were more likely to have myopia or high myopia compared with the control participants (40.2% vs 34.1%, P = 1.31 × 10-11 for myopia; 8.5% vs 6.8%, P = .004 for high myopia). Our genetic correlation analyses demonstrated that POAG was genetically correlated with MSE RE (rg, -0.24; SE, 0.06; P = 3.90 × 10-5), myopia (rg, 0.21; SE, 0.07; P = .004), and high myopia (rg, 0.23; SE, 0.09; P = .01). Genetically assessed refractive MSE was negatively associated with POAG risk (inverse-variance weighted model: OR per diopter more hyperopic MSE = 0.94; 95% CI, 0.89-0.99; P = .01). Conclusions and Relevance These findings demonstrate a shared genetic basis and an association between myopic RE and POAG risk. This may support population POAG risk stratification and screening strategies, based on RE information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Choquet
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland
| | - Anthony P. Khawaja
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Chen Jiang
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland
| | - Jie Yin
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland
| | - Ronald B. Melles
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Redwood City
| | - M. Maria Glymour
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Pirro G. Hysi
- King’s College London, Section of Ophthalmology, School of Life Course Sciences, London, United Kingdom
- King’s College London, Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, London, United Kingdom
- University College London, Great Ormond Street Hospital Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
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Rutigliani C, Tribble JR, Hagström A, Lardner E, Jóhannesson G, Stålhammar G, Williams PA. Widespread retina and optic nerve neuroinflammation in enucleated eyes from glaucoma patients. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2022; 10:118. [PMID: 35986368 PMCID: PMC9392254 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-022-01427-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is recognized as a key component of neurodegenerative disease. In glaucoma, a common neurodegenerative disease and the leading cause of irreversible blindness, the evidence for neuroinflammation in patients is lacking. Animal models have demonstrated significant pro-inflammatory activation of resident glia in the retina, as well as influx of blood-derived monocytes and pro-inflammatory factors. Confirmation of this in human donor tissue has been challenging due to a lack of well-preserved and well-characterized post-mortem tissue. To address this we utilize archived, wax embedded eyes fixed immediately following enucleation from living glaucoma patients. We compared glaucoma to control eyes (enucleated for uveal melanoma where the tumor did not impact the central retina or optic nerve). We performed immunolabelling for neurodegenerative and glial markers (CD45, CD163, IBA1, GFAP, Vimentin) which were quantified by high-resolution light microscopy and image analysis in FIJI. Glaucoma eyes demonstrated significant neural loss consistent with advanced neurodegeneration. IBA1 and GFAP were significantly increased in the retina and optic nerve head of the glaucomatous eyes indicating that significant neuroinflammation had occurred which support findings in animal models. Inflammation is a treatable symptom of many diseases and as such, identification of earlier inflammatory processes in glaucoma could be important for potential future treatment options.
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Kondkar AA, Sultan T, Azad TA, Osman EA, Almobarak FA, Lobo GP, Al-Obeidan SA. Evaluation of ABCA1 and FNDC3B Gene Polymorphisms Associated With Pseudoexfoliation Glaucoma and Primary Angle-Closure Glaucoma in a Saudi Cohort. Front Genet 2022; 13:877174. [PMID: 35719397 PMCID: PMC9198278 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.877174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: It is plausible that common disease mechanisms exist in glaucoma pathophysiology. Accordingly, we investigated the genetic association of two previously reported primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG)-related gene polymorphisms, rs2472493 (A > G) in ABCA1 and rs7636836 (C > T) in FNDC3B, in primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) and pseudoexfoliation glaucoma (PXG). Methods: TaqMan genotyping was performed in a total of 442 subjects consisting of 246 healthy controls, 102 PACG patients, and 94 PXG patients. Statistical evaluations were performed to detect allelic and genotype association of the variants with the disease and clinical variables such as intraocular pressure (IOP) and cup/disc ratio. Results: Overall, there was no allelic or genotype association of these variants in PACG and PXG. However, rs7636836[T] allele significantly increased the risk of PXG among men (p = 0.029, odds ratio [OR] = 2.69, 95% confidence interval = 1.11–6.51). Similarly, rs2472493 and rs7636836 genotypes also showed significant association with PXG among men in over-dominant model (p = 0.031, OR = 1.98, 95% CI = 1.06–3.71) and co-dominant model (p = 0.029, OR = 2.69, 95% CI = 1.11–6.51), respectively. However, none survived Bonferroni’s correction. Besides, the synergic presence of rs2472493[G] and rs7636836[T] alleles (G-T) was found to significantly increase the risk of PACG (p = 0.026, OR = 2.85, 95% CI = 1.09–7.46). No significant genotype influence was observed on IOP and cup/disc ratio. Conclusion: Our results suggest that the polymorphisms rs2472493 in ABCA1 and rs7636836 in FNDC3B genes may be associated with PXG among men, and a G-T allelic combination may confer an increased risk of PACG in the middle-eastern Saudi cohort. Further research in a larger population-based sample is needed to validate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Altaf A Kondkar
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Glaucoma Research Chair in Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,King Saud University Medical City, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tahira Sultan
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Taif A Azad
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Essam A Osman
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faisal A Almobarak
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Glaucoma Research Chair in Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Glenn P Lobo
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Neurosciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Saleh A Al-Obeidan
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Glaucoma Research Chair in Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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50
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Bioinformatic Prioritization and Functional Annotation of GWAS-Based Candidate Genes for Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13061055. [PMID: 35741817 PMCID: PMC9222386 DOI: 10.3390/genes13061055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is the most prevalent glaucoma subtype, but its exact etiology is still unknown. In this study, we aimed to prioritize the most likely ‘causal’ genes and identify functional characteristics and underlying biological pathways of POAG candidate genes. Methods: We used the results of a large POAG genome-wide association analysis study from GERA and UK Biobank cohorts. First, we performed systematic gene-prioritization analyses based on: (i) nearest genes; (ii) nonsynonymous single-nucleotide polymorphisms; (iii) co-regulation analysis; (iv) transcriptome-wide association studies; and (v) epigenomic data. Next, we performed functional enrichment analyses to find overrepresented functional pathways and tissues. Results: We identified 142 prioritized genes, of which 64 were novel for POAG. BICC1, AFAP1, and ABCA1 were the most highly prioritized genes based on four or more lines of evidence. The most significant pathways were related to extracellular matrix turnover, transforming growth factor-β, blood vessel development, and retinoic acid receptor signaling. Ocular tissues such as sclera and trabecular meshwork showed enrichment in prioritized gene expression (>1.5 fold). We found pleiotropy of POAG with intraocular pressure and optic-disc parameters, as well as genetic correlation with hypertension and diabetes-related eye disease. Conclusions: Our findings contribute to a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying glaucoma pathogenesis and have prioritized many novel candidate genes for functional follow-up studies.
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