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Lee CY, Hong SH, Liu CL. Recent Progress in Polymer Gel-Based Ionic Thermoelectric Devices: Materials, Methods, and Perspectives. Macromol Rapid Commun 2025; 46:e2400837. [PMID: 39895205 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202400837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2024] [Revised: 12/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2025]
Abstract
Polymer gel-based ionic thermoelectric (i-TE) devices, including thermally chargeable capacitors and thermogalvanic cells, represent an innovative approach to sustainable energy harvesting by converting waste heat into electricity. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in gel-based i-TE materials, focusing on their ionic Seebeck coefficients, the mechanisms underlying the thermodiffusion and thermogalvanic effects, and the various strategies employed to enhance their performance. Gel-based i-TE materials show great promise due to their flexibility, low cost, and suitability for flexible and wearable devices. However, challenges such as improving the ionic conductivity and stability of redox couples remain. Future directions include enhancing the efficiency of ionic-electronic coupling and developing more robust electrode materials to optimize the energy conversion efficiency in real-world applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Yu Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Huan Hong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Liang Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
- Advanced Research Center for Green Materials Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
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2
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Wang Y, Zheng Y, Li W, Xiao S, Chen S, Xing J, Xiong C, Zhou Y, Zhang W, Hihara T, Moloto N, Miao C. Bio-inspired thermoelectric cement with interfacial selective immobilization towards self-powered buildings. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2025:S2095-9273(25)00281-6. [PMID: 40180853 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2025.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2024] [Revised: 01/26/2025] [Accepted: 03/03/2025] [Indexed: 04/05/2025]
Abstract
Buildings and infrastructure significantly contribute to global energy consumption and CO2 emissions. Transforming cement, the most widely used construction material, into a functional medium for heat harvesting presents a promising avenue to offset the energy demands of buildings. The disparity in diffusion rate between cations and anions within cement pore solution due to variations in interactions with pore walls, endows cement with inherent ionic thermoelectric properties. However, the isolation of pores by the dense cement matrix hinders the rapid transportation of ions with superior diffusion rates, impeding the enhancement of mobility difference between ions and limiting the enhancement of Seebeck coefficient. Inspired by the stem structure of plants, we present a cement-polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) composite (CPC) featuring aligned cement and PVA hydrogel layers. While PVA hydrogel layers provide ion diffusion highways for OH- ions, cement-PVA interfaces establish strong coordination bonds with Ca2+ ions and weaker interactions with OH- ions, enabling selective immobilization, which amplifies the diffusion rate disparity between Ca2+ and OH-. The CPC's multilayer structure yields abundant interfaces, providing ample interaction sites that maximize the contribution of cement ions to thermoelectric performance. The as-prepared composite achieves an impressive Seebeck coefficient of -40.5 mV/K and a figure of merit (ZT) of 6.6 × 10-2. Due to the engineered multilayer structure, the CPC also demonstrates superior mechanical strength and intrinsic energy storage potential, which has been assembled into a self-powered architecture. The biomimetic structure and interfacial selective immobilization mechanism may pave the way for the design and fabrication of high-performance ionic thermoelectric materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Engineering Materials for Major Infrastructure, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Yangzezhi Zheng
- School of Transportation, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Weihuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Engineering Materials for Major Infrastructure, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Shuai Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Engineering Materials for Major Infrastructure, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Shengjun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Engineering Materials for Major Infrastructure, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Jiarui Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Engineering Materials for Major Infrastructure, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Chenchen Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Engineering Materials for Major Infrastructure, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Engineering Materials for Major Infrastructure, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China.
| | - Wei Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallic Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China.
| | - Takehiko Hihara
- Department of Physical Science and Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Aichi, 466-8555, Japan
| | - Nosipho Moloto
- School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 999136, South Africa
| | - Changwen Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Engineering Materials for Major Infrastructure, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
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Lee H, Kim H, Jin H, Kang S, Yoon TW, Lee D, Zhang G, Kim M, Kang B. "Popping the Ion-Basket": Enhancing Thermoelectric Performance of Conjugated Polymers by Blending with Latently Dissociable Perovskite Quantum Dots. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2025; 12:e2412663. [PMID: 39840524 PMCID: PMC11924034 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202412663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2024] [Revised: 12/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2025]
Abstract
A novel additive method to boost the Seebeck coefficient of doped conjugated polymers without a significant loss in electrical conductivity is demonstrated. Perovskite (CsPbBr3) quantum dots (QDs) passivated by ligands with long alkyl chains are mixed with a conjugated polymer in a solution phase to form polymer-QD blend films. Solution sequential doping of the blend film with AuCl3 solution not only doped the conjugated polymer but also decomposed the QDs, resulting in a doped conjugated polymer film embedded with separated ions dissociated from the QDs. For the doped polymer-molten QD blend films with the optimal QD content, it is found that a greatly enhanced Seebeck coefficient is achieved compared to that of the doped polymer film without QDs, while the doping level and electrical conductivity are not significantly reduced by the QD incorporation. Consequently, the power factor is enhanced, reaching a remarkably high value of up to 401.9 µW m-1 K-2 (≈155% increase with the QDs). The applicability of this method to a variety of conjugated polymers is also demonstrated. The enhancement in the Seebeck coefficient is attributed to ion-induced local variations in the polymer work function, which generates an internal energy barrier for charge transport and causes an energy filtering effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hansol Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam, 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoimin Kim
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT) and Department of Nano Science and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Haedam Jin
- Graduate School of Integrated Energy-AI, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungju Kang
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT) and Department of Nano Science and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Woong Yoon
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT) and Department of Nano Science and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongki Lee
- Department of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Engineering, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Guobing Zhang
- National Engineering Lab of Special Technology, Academy of Optoelectronic Technology, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Measuring Theory and Precision Instrument, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advance Functional Materials and Devices of Anhui Province, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Min Kim
- Graduate School of Integrated Energy-AI, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical Engineering, Research Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea
- Department of JBNU-KIST, Industry-Academia Convergence Research, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Boseok Kang
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT) and Department of Nano Science and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of NanoEngineering and Department of Semiconductor Convergence Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
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Pai YH, Xu C, Zhu R, Ding X, Bai S, Liang Z, Chen L. Piezoelectric-Augmented Thermoelectric Ionogels for Self-Powered Multimodal Medical Sensors. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2025; 37:e2414663. [PMID: 39651801 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202414663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2024] [Revised: 10/22/2024] [Indexed: 12/11/2024]
Abstract
A paradigm ionogel consisting of ionic liquid (IL) and PVDF-HFP composites is made, which inherently possesses dual-function ionic thermoelectric (iTE) and piezoelectric (PE) attributes. This study investigates an innovative "PE-enhanced iTEs" effect, wherein the ionic thermopower exhibits a 58% enhancement while the ionic conductivity arises more than 2× within a PE-induced internal electric field. By harnessing these multifaceted features, fully self-powered, multimodal sensors demonstrate their superior energy conversion capabilities, which possessed minimum sensitivities of 0.13 mV kPa-1 and 0.96 mV K-1 in pressure and temperature alterations, respectively. The PE augmentation of iTEs is maximized by ≈3× under rising water pressure. Their swift and sophisticated responses to various in vivo vital signs simultaneously in a hemorrhagic shock scenario, indicative of good prospects in the clinical medicine field are showcased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Hsin Pai
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Chen Xu
- Spine Center, Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Renyang Zhu
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Xinyi Ding
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Shengqiang Bai
- State Key Laboratory of High-Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China
| | - Ziqi Liang
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Lidong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of High-Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China
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Liao M, Ma H, Zhu N, Jonsson MP, Zhao D. Ionic Thermoelectric-Powered Resistive Sensors. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2025; 12:e2413093. [PMID: 39679806 PMCID: PMC11809375 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202413093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2024] [Revised: 11/28/2024] [Indexed: 12/17/2024]
Abstract
Ionic thermoelectric supercapacitors (ITESCs) are noted for their high ionic Seebeck coefficient (α) to convert thermal energy into electrical current through charging. This work demonstrates the utilization of the charging and discharging current from ITESCs to directly operate resistive sensors. The humidity monitoring is powered by applying a periodic temperature gradient to a connected ITESC. By leveraging these properties and residual environmental heat, ITESCs can offer a promising method for autonomously powered portable sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingna Liao
- Laboratory of Organic ElectronicsDepartment of Science and TechnologyLinköping UniversityNorrköpingSE‐601 74Sweden
- Wallenberg Wood Science CenterLinköping UniversityNorrköpingSE‐601 74Sweden
| | - Hongting Ma
- School of ChemistryDalian University of TechnologyDalianLiaoning116024China
| | - Nan Zhu
- School of ChemistryDalian University of TechnologyDalianLiaoning116024China
| | - Magnus P. Jonsson
- Laboratory of Organic ElectronicsDepartment of Science and TechnologyLinköping UniversityNorrköpingSE‐601 74Sweden
- Wallenberg Wood Science CenterLinköping UniversityNorrköpingSE‐601 74Sweden
| | - Dan Zhao
- Laboratory of Organic ElectronicsDepartment of Science and TechnologyLinköping UniversityNorrköpingSE‐601 74Sweden
- Wallenberg Wood Science CenterLinköping UniversityNorrköpingSE‐601 74Sweden
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Liu S, Zhang M, Kong J, Li H, He C. Giant Power Output from Ionic/electronic Hybrid Nanocomposite Thermoelectric Converter Under Constant Temperature Gradient. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2025; 12:e2406589. [PMID: 39580359 PMCID: PMC11744677 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202406589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2024] [Revised: 09/09/2024] [Indexed: 11/25/2024]
Abstract
Thermoelectric (TE) materials that directly convert heat to electricity are of great significance for sustainable development. However, TE generators (TEGs) made from electronic TE materials suffer from low Seebeck coefficient (10-2-100 mV K-1). While ionic TE capacitors based on ionic conductors exhibit high thermovoltage (100-102 mV K-1), ionic TE capacitors provide power discontinuously only under variation of temperature gradient as ions cannot transport across electrodes to external circuits. Herein, an ionic/electronic hybrid nanocomposite TE converter (NCTEC) by integrating carbon nanotube/polylactic acid nanofibrous fabrics (CPNF) with gelatin ionogel is reported. The resulting NCTEC exhibits a record-high output power density normalized by squared temperature gradient (Pave/ΔT2) of 1.72 mW m-2 K-2 and realizes continuous power output (over 12 h) at a constant temperature gradient, which is among the highest reported power output for TE converters and can be attributed to the combination of substantial increase in interfacial capacitive effect between ionogel and CPNF and an optimized electrical property of the CPNF. The work provides an effective strategy to overcome the limitations of both TEGs and ionic TE capacitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Liu
- Department of Materials Science & EngineeringNational University of Singapore9 Engineering Drive 1Singapore117574Singapore
| | - Mingxia Zhang
- Department of Materials Science & EngineeringNational University of Singapore9 Engineering Drive 1Singapore117574Singapore
| | - Junhua Kong
- Institute of Materials Research and EngineeringAgency for Science, Technology and Research, (A*STAR)Singapore138634Singapore
| | - Hui Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Plasma Chemistry and Advanced MaterialsHubei Engineering Technology Research Center of Optoelectronic and New Energy MaterialsSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringWuhan Institute of TechnologyWuhan430205China
| | - Chaobin He
- Department of Materials Science & EngineeringNational University of Singapore9 Engineering Drive 1Singapore117574Singapore
- Institute of Materials Research and EngineeringAgency for Science, Technology and Research, (A*STAR)Singapore138634Singapore
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7
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Wu Y, Song D, An M, Chi C, Zhao C, Yao B, Ma W, Zhang X. Unlocking new possibilities in ionic thermoelectric materials: a machine learning perspective. Natl Sci Rev 2025; 12:nwae411. [PMID: 39764506 PMCID: PMC11702661 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwae411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2024] [Revised: 10/07/2024] [Accepted: 11/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2025] Open
Abstract
The high thermopower of ionic thermoelectric (i-TE) materials holds promise for miniaturized waste-heat recovery devices and thermal sensors. However, progress is hampered by laborious trial-and-error experimentations, which lack theoretical underpinning. Herein, by introducing the simplified molecular-input line-entry system, we have addressed the challenge posed by the inconsistency of i-TE material types, and present a machine learning model that evaluates the Seebeck coefficient with an R 2 of 0.98 on the test dataset. Using this tool, we experimentally identify a waterborne polyurethane/potassium iodide ionogel with a Seebeck coefficient of 41.39 mV/K. Furthermore, interpretable analysis reveals that the number of rotatable bonds and the octanol-water partition coefficient of ions negatively affect Seebeck coefficients, which is corroborated by molecular dynamics simulations. This machine learning-assisted framework represents a pioneering effort in the i-TE field, offering significant promise for accelerating the discovery and development of high-performance i-TE materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yidan Wu
- Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Dongxing Song
- Key Laboratory of Process Heat Transfer and Energy Saving of Henan Province, School of Mechanics and Safety Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Meng An
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710021, China
| | - Cheng Chi
- Key Laboratory of Power Station Energy Transfer Conversion and System of Ministry of Education, School of Energy Power and Mechanical Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Chunyu Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Bing Yao
- Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Xuzhou University of Technology, Xuzhou 221018, China
| | - Weigang Ma
- Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xing Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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Zhao Z, Shen Y, Hu R, Xu D. Advances in flexible ionic thermal sensors: present and perspectives. NANOSCALE 2024; 17:187-213. [PMID: 39575937 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr03423f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2024]
Abstract
Ionic thermal sensors (ITSs) represent a promising frontier in sensing technology, offering unique advantages over conventional electronic sensors. Comprising a polymer matrix and electrolyte, these sensors possess inherent flexibility, stretchability, and biocompatibility, allowing them to establish stable and intimate contact with soft surfaces without inducing mechanical or thermal stress. Through an ion migration/dissociation mechanism similar to biosensing, ITSs ensure low impedance contact and high sensitivity, especially in physiological monitoring applications. This review provides a comprehensive overview of ionic thermal sensing mechanisms, contrasting them with their electronic counterparts. Additionally, it explores the intricacy of the sensor architecture, detailing the roles of active sensing elements, stretchable electrodes, and flexible substrates. The decoupled sensing mechanisms for skin-inspired multimodal sensors are also introduced based on several representative examples. The latest applications of ITS are categorized into ionic skin (i-skin), healthcare, spatial thermal perception, and environment detection, regarding their materials, structures, and operation modes. Finally, the perspectives of ITS research are presented, emphasizing the significance of standardized sensing parameters and emerging requirements for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehao Zhao
- Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.
| | - Yun Shen
- Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.
| | - Run Hu
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- Department of Applied Physics, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-Si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongyan Xu
- Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.
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Wu P, Gu J, Liu X, Ren Y, Mi X, Zhan W, Zhang X, Wang H, Ji X, Yue Z, Liang J. A Robust Core-Shell Nanofabric with Personal Protection, Health Monitoring and Physical Comfort for Smart Sportswear. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2411131. [PMID: 39370585 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202411131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2024] [Revised: 09/26/2024] [Indexed: 10/08/2024]
Abstract
Smart textiles with a high level of personal protection, health monitoring, physical comfort, and wearing durability are highly demanded in clothing for harsh application scenarios, such as modern sportswear. However, seamlessly integrating such a smart clothing system has been a long-sought but challenging goal. Herein, based on coaxial electrospinning techniques, a smart non-woven textile (Smart-NT) integrated with high impact resistance is developed, multisensory functions, and radiative cooling effects. This Smart-NT is comprised of core-shell nanofibers with an ionic conductive polymer sheath and an impact-stiffening polymer core. The soft smart textile, with a thickness of only 800 µm, can attenuate over 60% of impact force, sense pressure stimulus with sensitivity up to 201.5 kPa-1, achieve temperature sensing resolution of 0.1 °C, and reduce skin temperature by ≈17 °C under a solar intensity of 1 kW m-2. In addition, the stretchable Smart-NT is highly durable and robust, retaining its multifunction features over 10 000 bending and multiple washing cycles. Finally, application scenarios are demonstrated for real-time health monitoring, body protection, and physical comfort of smart sportswear based on Smart-NT for outdoor sports. The strategy opens a new avenue for seamless integration of smart clothing systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiqi Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Jianfeng Gu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Xue Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Yichen Ren
- Department of Microelectronics, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoqian Mi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Weiqing Zhan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Xinmin Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Huihui Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Xinyi Ji
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Zhao Yue
- Department of Microelectronics, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Jiajie Liang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
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10
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Wang S, Yang T, Zhang D, Hua Q, Zhao Y. Unveiling Gating Behavior in Piezoionic Effect: toward Neuromimetic Tactile Sensing. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2405391. [PMID: 39056155 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202405391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
The human perception system's information processing is intricately linked to the nonlinear response and gating effect of neurons. While piezoionics holds potential in emulating the pressure sensing capability of biological skin, the incorporation of information processing functions seems neglected. Here, ionic gating behavior in piezoionic hydrogels is uncovered as a notable extension beyond the previously observed linear responses. The hydrogel can generate remarkably high voltages (700 mV) and currents (7 mA) when indentation forces surpass the threshold. Through a comprehensive analysis involving simulations and experimental investigations, it is proposed that the gating behavior emerges due to significant diffusion differences between cations and anions. To showcase the practical implications of this breakthrough, the piezoionic hydrogels are successfully integrated with prostheses and robot hands, demonstrating that the gating effect enables accurate discrimination between gentle and harsh touch. The advancement in neuromimetic tactile sensing has significant potential for emerging applications such as humanoid robotics and biomedical engineering, offering valuable opportunities for further development of embodied neuromorphic intelligence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyu Wang
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110819, China
| | - Tianyu Yang
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110819, China
| | - Dingli Zhang
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110819, China
| | - Qilin Hua
- School of Integrated Circuits and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yuliang Zhao
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110819, China
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11
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Pereira N, Afonso L, Salado M, Tubio CR, Correia DM, Costa CM, Lanceros-Mendez S. Ionic Thermoelectric Generators in Vertical and Planar Topologies Based on Fluorinated Polymer Hybrid Materials with Ionic Liquids. Macromol Rapid Commun 2024; 45:e2400041. [PMID: 38366845 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202400041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Ionic thermoelectrics (TEs), in which voltage generation is based on ion migration, are suitable for applications based on their low cost, high flexibility, high ionic conductivity, and wide range of Seebeck coefficients. This work reports on the development of ionic TE materials based on the poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene), Poly(VDF-co-TrFE), as host polymer blended with different contents of the ionic liquid, IL, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, [EMIM][TFSI]. The morphology, physico-chemical, thermal, mechanical, and electrical properties of the samples are evaluated together with the TE response. It is demonstrated that the IL acts as a nucleating agent for polymer crystallization. The mechanical properties and ionic conductivity values are dependent on the IL content. A high room temperature ionic conductivity of 0.008 S cm-1 is obtained for the sample with 60 wt% of [EMIM][TFSI] IL. The TE properties depend on both IL content and device topology-vertical or planar-the largest generated voltage range being obtained for the planar topology and the sample with 10 wt% of IL content, characterized by a Seebeck coefficient of 1.2 mV K-1. Based on the obtained maximum power density of 4.9 µW m-2, these materials are suitable for a new generation of TE devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelson Pereira
- Centre of Physics Universities of Minho and Porto and Laboratory of Physics for Materials and Emergent Technologies, LapMET, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, 4710-057, Portugal
| | - Luis Afonso
- Centre of Physics Universities of Minho and Porto and Laboratory of Physics for Materials and Emergent Technologies, LapMET, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, 4710-057, Portugal
| | - Manuel Salado
- BCMaterials, Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, UPV/EHU Science Park, Leioa, 48940, Spain
| | - Carmen R Tubio
- BCMaterials, Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, UPV/EHU Science Park, Leioa, 48940, Spain
| | | | - Carlos M Costa
- Centre of Physics Universities of Minho and Porto and Laboratory of Physics for Materials and Emergent Technologies, LapMET, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, 4710-057, Portugal
| | - Senentxu Lanceros-Mendez
- Centre of Physics Universities of Minho and Porto and Laboratory of Physics for Materials and Emergent Technologies, LapMET, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, 4710-057, Portugal
- BCMaterials, Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, UPV/EHU Science Park, Leioa, 48940, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, 48009, Spain
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12
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Trifiletti V, Massetti M, Calloni A, Luong S, Pianetti A, Milita S, Schroeder BC, Bussetti G, Binetti S, Fabiano S, Fenwick O. Bismuth-Based Perovskite Derivates with Thermal Voltage Exceeding 40 mV/K. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2024; 128:5408-5417. [PMID: 38595774 PMCID: PMC11000217 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.3c06324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Heat is an inexhaustible source of energy, and it can be exploited by thermoelectronics to produce electrical power or electrical responses. The search for a low-cost thermoelectric material that could achieve high efficiencies and can also be straightforwardly scalable has turned significant attention to the halide perovskite family. Here, we report the thermal voltage response of bismuth-based perovskite derivates and suggest a path to increase the electrical conductivity by applying chalcogenide doping. The films were produced by drop-casting or spin coating, and sulfur was introduced in the precursor solution using bismuth triethylxanthate. The physical-chemical analysis confirms the substitution. The sulfur introduction caused resistivity reduction by 2 orders of magnitude, and the thermal voltage exceeded 40 mV K-1 near 300 K in doped and undoped bismuth-based perovskite derivates. X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering were employed to confirm the structure. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, elemental analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy were employed to study the composition and morphology of the produced thin films. UV-visible absorbance, photoluminescence, inverse photoemission, and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopies have been used to investigate the energy band gap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanira Trifiletti
- Department
of Materials Science and L-NESS, University
of Milano-Bicocca, Via
Cozzi 55, I-20125 Milan, Italy
- School
of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen
Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - Matteo Massetti
- Laboratory
of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, Norrköping SE-601
74, Sweden
| | - Alberto Calloni
- Dipartimento
di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo Da Vinci, 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Sally Luong
- School
of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen
Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - Andrea Pianetti
- Department
of Materials Science and L-NESS, University
of Milano-Bicocca, Via
Cozzi 55, I-20125 Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Milita
- Institute
for Microelectronics and Microsystems (CNRIMM), Via Piero Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Bob C. Schroeder
- Department
of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
| | - Gianlorenzo Bussetti
- Dipartimento
di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo Da Vinci, 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Simona Binetti
- Department
of Materials Science and L-NESS, University
of Milano-Bicocca, Via
Cozzi 55, I-20125 Milan, Italy
| | - Simone Fabiano
- Laboratory
of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, Norrköping SE-601
74, Sweden
| | - Oliver Fenwick
- School
of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen
Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
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13
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Yang M, Hu Y, Wang X, Chen H, Yu J, Li W, Li R, Yan F. Chaotropic Effect-Boosted Thermogalvanic Ionogel Thermocells for All-Weather Power Generation. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2312249. [PMID: 38193634 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202312249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Ionic thermocells convert heat into electricity and are promising power sources for electronic devices. However, discontinuous and small electricity output limits practical use under varying environmental conditions. Here, a thermogalvanic ionogel with a high Seebeck coefficient (32.4 mV K-1) is designed. Thermocells that combine thermogalvanic ionogel-based thermocells, which realize all-weather power generation via passive radiative cooling, are also developed. These thermocells generate electricity continuously under varying weather conditions and over a wide temperature range (-40 to 90 °C), with a normalized power density of 25.84 mW m-2 K-2. Advanced characterization shows that the chaotropic effect enhances the Seebeck coefficient, while the self-supplying temperature difference given the radiative cooling structure enables all-weather power generation. These results provide an effective strategy for developing practical thermocells suitable for diverse daily and seasonal variations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingchen Yang
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Soft Material and New Energy, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Yin Hu
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Soft Material and New Energy, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Xiaoliang Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Hua Chen
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Soft Material and New Energy, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Jiangtao Yu
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Soft Material and New Energy, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Weizheng Li
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Soft Material and New Energy, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Runyin Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Feng Yan
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Soft Material and New Energy, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
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14
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Sarma R, Hardt S. Giant Thermoelectric Response of Confined Electrolytes with Thermally Activated Charge Carrier Generation. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:098001. [PMID: 38489648 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.098001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
The thermoelectric response of thermally activated electrolytes (TAEs) in a slit channel is studied theoretically and by numerical simulations. The term TAE refers to electrolytes whose charge carrier concentration is a function of temperature, as recently suggested for ionic liquids and highly concentrated aqueous electrolyte solutions. Two competing mechanisms driving charge transport by temperature gradients are identified. For suitable values of the activation energy that governs the generation of charge carriers, a giant thermoelectric response is found, which could help explain recent experimental results for nanoporous media infiltrated with TAEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajkumar Sarma
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Fachbereich Maschinenbau, Fachgebiet Nano- und Mikrofluidik, Peter-Grünberg-Straße 10, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Steffen Hardt
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Fachbereich Maschinenbau, Fachgebiet Nano- und Mikrofluidik, Peter-Grünberg-Straße 10, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
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15
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Wu Z, Wang B, Li J, Jia Y, Chen S, Wang H, Chen L, Shuai L. Stretchable and Durable Bacterial Cellulose-Based Thermocell with Improved Thermopower Density for Low-Grade Heat Harvesting. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:10297-10304. [PMID: 37955657 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c02870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Low-grade heat exists ubiquitously in the environment, and gel-state thermogalvanic cells (GTCs) can directly convert thermal energy into electricity by a redox reaction. However, their low ionic conductivity and poor mechanical properties are still insufficient for their potential applications. Here, we designed a bacterial cellulose (BC) nanofiber-macromolecular entanglement network to balance the GTC's thermopower and mechanical properties. Therefore, the BC-GTC shows a Seebeck coefficient of 3.84 mV K-1, an ionic conductivity of 108.5 mS cm-1, and a high specific output power density of 1760 μW m-2 K-2, which are much higher than most current literature. Further connecting 15 units of BC-GTCs, the output voltage of 3.35 V can be obtained at a temperature gradient of 65 K, which can directly power electronic devices such as electronic calculators, thermohydrometers, fans, and light-emitting diodes (LEDs). This work offers a promising method for developing high-performance and durable GTC in sustainable green energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuotong Wu
- College of Materials Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, People's Republic of China
| | - Baoxiu Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhang Jia
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiyan Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China
| | - Huaping Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China
| | - Lihui Chen
- College of Materials Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Shuai
- College of Materials Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, People's Republic of China
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16
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Zhao W, Zheng Y, Jiang M, Sun T, Huang A, Wang L, Jiang W, Zhang Q. Exceptional n-type thermoelectric ionogels enabled by metal coordination and ion-selective association. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadk2098. [PMID: 37878706 PMCID: PMC10599631 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adk2098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Ionic liquid-based ionogels emerge as promising candidates for efficient ionic thermoelectric conversion due to their quasi-solid state, giant thermopower, high flexibility, and good stability. P-type ionogels have shown impressive performance; however, the development of n-type ionogels lags behind. Here, an n-type ionogel consisting of polyethylene oxide (PEO), lithium salt, and ionic liquid is developed. Strong coordination of lithium ion with ether oxygen and the anion-rich clusters generated by ion-preferential association promote rapid transport of the anions and boost Eastman entropy change, resulting in a huge negative ionic Seebeck coefficient (-15 millivolts per kelvin) and a high electrical conductivity (1.86 millisiemens per centimeter) at 50% relative humidity. Moreover, dynamic and reversible interactions among the ternary mixtures endow the ionogel with fast autonomous self-healing capability and green recyclability. All PEO-based ionic thermoelectric modules are fabricated, which exhibits outstanding thermal responses (-80 millivolts per kelvin for three p-n pairs), demonstrating great potential for low-grade energy harvesting and ultrasensitive thermal sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Yiwei Zheng
- Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials Innovations, College of Energy, Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu Province, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Meng Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Tingting Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Aibin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lianjun Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Wan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
- Institute of Functional Materials, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Qihao Zhang
- Institute for Metallic Materials, Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, Dresden 01069, Germany
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17
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Han Y, Wei H, Du Y, Li Z, Feng S, Huang B, Xu D. Ultrasensitive Flexible Thermal Sensor Arrays based on High-Thermopower Ionic Thermoelectric Hydrogel. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2302685. [PMID: 37395372 PMCID: PMC10477880 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202302685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Ionic circuits using ions as charge carriers have demonstrated great potential for flexible and bioinspired electronics. The emerging ionic thermoelectric (iTE) materials can generate a potential difference by virtue of selective thermal diffusion of ions, which provide a new route for thermal sensing with the merits of high flexibility, low cost, and high thermopower. Here, ultrasensitive flexible thermal sensor arrays based on an iTE hydrogel consisting of polyquaternium-10 (PQ-10), a cellulose derivative, as the polymer matrix and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) as the ion source are reported. The developed PQ-10/NaOH iTE hydrogel achieves a thermopower of 24.17 mV K-1 , which is among the highest values reported for biopolymer-based iTE materials. The high p-type thermopower can be attributed to thermodiffusion of Na+ ions under a temperature gradient, while the movement of OH- ions is impeded by the strong electrostatic interaction with the positively charged quaternary amine groups of PQ-10. Flexible thermal sensor arrays are developed through patterning the PQ-10/NaOH iTE hydrogel on flexible printed circuit boards, which can perceive spatial thermal signals with high sensitivity. A smart glove integrated with multiple thermal sensor arrays is further demonstrated, which endows a prosthetic hand with thermal sensation for human-machine interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Han
- Department of Mechanical and Automation EngineeringThe Chinese University of Hong KongShatin, New TerritoriesHong Kong SARChina
| | - Haoxiang Wei
- Department of Mechanical and Automation EngineeringThe Chinese University of Hong KongShatin, New TerritoriesHong Kong SARChina
| | - Yanjun Du
- Department of Mechanical and Automation EngineeringThe Chinese University of Hong KongShatin, New TerritoriesHong Kong SARChina
| | - Zhigang Li
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace EngineeringThe Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyClear Water BayKowloonHong Kong SARChina
| | - Shien‐Ping Feng
- Department of Advanced Design and Systems EngineeringCity University of Hong KongKowloon TongKowloonHong Kong SARChina
| | - Baoling Huang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace EngineeringThe Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyClear Water BayKowloonHong Kong SARChina
| | - Dongyan Xu
- Department of Mechanical and Automation EngineeringThe Chinese University of Hong KongShatin, New TerritoriesHong Kong SARChina
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18
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Liu Z, Wei S, Hu Z, Zhu M, Chen G, Huang Y. MXene and Carbon-Based Electrodes of Thermocells for Continuous Thermal Energy Harvest. SMALL METHODS 2023; 7:e2300190. [PMID: 37096881 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202300190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Low-grade heat represents a significant form of energy loss; thermocells (TECs) utilizing the thermogalvanic effect can convert thermal energy into electricity without generating vibrations, noise, or waste emissions, making them a promising energy conversion technology for efficiently harvesting low-grade heat. Despite recent advancements, the reliance on high-cost platinum electrodes in TECs has considerably hindered their widespread adoption. Developing cost-effective electrodes that maintain the same thermoelectrochemical performance is crucial for the successful application of TECs. In this review article, the exploration of MXene materials as TEC electrodes is discussed first, emphasizing the immense potential of the MXene family for low-grade heat harvesting applications. Next, recent research on carbon-based electrodes is summarized, and morphological and structural optimizations are comprehensively discussed aiming at enhancing the thermoelectrochemical performance of TECs. In the concluding section, the challenges are outlined and future perspectives are offered, which provide valuable insights into the ongoing development of high-performance TEC electrodes using MXene and carbon-based materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoxin Liu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Shouhao Wei
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Zhe Hu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Minshen Zhu
- Research Center for Materials, Architectures and Integration of Nanomembranes (MAIN), Chemnitz University of Technology, 09126, Chemnitz, Germany
- Material Systems for Nanoelectronics, Chemnitz University of Technology, 09107, Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Guangming Chen
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yang Huang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
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19
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Kim DH, Akbar ZA, Malik YT, Jeon JW, Jang SY. Self-healable polymer complex with a giant ionic thermoelectric effect. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3246. [PMID: 37277360 PMCID: PMC10241813 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38830-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we develop a stretchable/self-healable polymer, PEDOT:PAAMPSA:PA, with remarkably high ionic thermoelectric (iTE) properties: an ionic figure-of-merit of 12.3 at 70% relative humidity (RH). The iTE properties of PEDOT:PAAMPSA:PA are optimized by controlling the ion carrier concentration, ion diffusion coefficient, and Eastman entropy, and high stretchability and self-healing ability are achieved based on the dynamic interactions between the components. Moreover, the iTE properties are retained under repeated mechanical stress (30 cycles of self-healing and 50 cycles of stretching). An ionic thermoelectric capacitor (ITEC) device using PEDOT:PAAMPSA:PA achieves a maximum power output and energy density of 4.59 μW‧m-2 and 1.95 mJ‧m-2, respectively, at a load resistance of 10 KΩ, and a 9-pair ITEC module produces a voltage output of 0.37 V‧K-1 with a maximum power output of 0.21 μW‧m-2 and energy density of 0.35 mJ‧m-2 at 80% RH, demonstrating the potential for a self-powering source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Hu Kim
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Zico Alaia Akbar
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoga Trianzar Malik
- Department of Chemistry, Kookmin University, 77 Jeongneung-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 136-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Won Jeon
- Department of Chemistry, Kookmin University, 77 Jeongneung-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 136-702, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sung-Yeon Jang
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea.
- Graduate School of Carbon Neutrality, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea.
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20
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Zhao W, Lei Z, Wu P. Mechanically Adaptative and Environmentally Stable Ionogels for Energy Harvest. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2300253. [PMID: 37083268 PMCID: PMC10288276 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202300253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Converting building and environment heat into electricity is a promising strategy for energy harvest to tackle global energy and environmental problems. The processing challenges, mechanical brittleness, and low environmental tolerance of typical thermoelectric materials, however, prevent them from realizing their full potential when employed in outdoor building systems. Herein, a general concept based on synergistic ionic associations to significantly improve the mechanical properties and harsh environment stability for high-performance ionic-type thermoelectric (i-TE) gels is explored. They demonstrate extraordinarily high stretchability (1300-2100%), fast self-healing (120 s), temperature insensitivity, and great water-proof performance, and could be painted on a variety of surfaces. The n-type ionic Seebeck coefficient is up to -8.8 mV K-1 and the ionic conductivity is more than 0.14 mS cm-1 . Both exhibit remarkable thermal and humidity stability (293-333 K, 20-100 RH%), which are rarely achieved in previous studies. Even on a cloudy day, the open-circuit thermovoltage for a painted i-TE array with an area of about 8.5 × 10-3 m2 is above 2 V. This research offers a promising approach for gathering significant waste heat and even solar energy on outside building surfaces in an effective and sustainable manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer MaterialsCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringCenter for Advanced Low‐Dimension MaterialsDonghua UniversityShanghai201620China
| | - Zhouyue Lei
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer MaterialsCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringCenter for Advanced Low‐Dimension MaterialsDonghua UniversityShanghai201620China
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied SciencesHarvard UniversityCambridgeMA02138USA
| | - Peiyi Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer MaterialsCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringCenter for Advanced Low‐Dimension MaterialsDonghua UniversityShanghai201620China
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21
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Hong SH, Kim YM, Moon HC. Dynamic Metal-Ligand Coordination-Assisted Ionogels for Deformable Alternating Current Electroluminescent Devices. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 37257072 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c03812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Overcoming the trade-off between the mechanical robustness and conductivity of ionic conductors is a crucial challenge for deformable ionotronics. In this work, we propose a simple but effective gelation strategy for selectively improving the mechanical robustness of ionogels without compromising their ionic conductivity. To achieve this, we introduce dynamic metal-ligand coordination chemistry into the ionic liquid (IL)-insoluble domains of a physically crosslinked ionogel network structure. As a result, the overall mechanical property is remarkably improved with the aid of additional chemical crosslinking. This strategy does not require any additional heat/light (UV) treatments to induce chemical crosslinking. The homogeneous physically/chemically dual crosslinked ionogel films can be readily obtained by simply casting a solution containing Ni2+ sources, copolymer gelators, and ILs. The effects of adjusting fundamental parameters on the ionogel properties are investigated systematically. The optimized mechanically robust and highly conductive ionogels are successfully employed as deformable ionic electrodes in alternating-current electroluminescent displays, indicating their high practicality. Overall, these results validate that exploiting metal-ligand coordination dynamic bonding is an extremely straightforward strategy for selectively improving the mechanical characteristics of conductive ionogels, which are promising platforms for deformable ionotronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Hyuk Hong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul 02504, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Min Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul 02504, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Chul Moon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul 02504, Republic of Korea
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22
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Chen B, Zhang X, Yang J, Feng J, Wang T. Giant Negative Thermopower Enabled by Bidirectionally Anchored Cations in Multifunctional Polymers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:24483-24493. [PMID: 37161282 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c03143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The lack of high-quality ionic thermoelectric materials with negative thermopowers has stimulated scientists' broad research interest. The effective adjustment of the interaction between ions and a polymer network is an important way to achieve high-quality ion thermoelectric properties. Integrating different types of ion-polymer interactions into the same thermoelectric device seems to lead to unexpected gains. In this work, we propose a strategy for bidirectionally anchoring cations to synergistically generate a giant negative thermopower and high ionic conductivity. This is mainly achieved through synergistic ion-polymer coordination and Coulomb interactions. An ionic thermoelectric material was prepared by infiltrating a polycation electrolyte [poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride)] with CuCl2 into the poly(vinyl alcohol)-chitosan aerogel. The confinement effect of copper-coordinated chitosan on cations, the repulsive property of the polycationic electrolyte on cations, and the unique chemical configuration of a transition metal chloride anion ([CuCl4]2-) are the fundamental guarantees for achieving a thermopower of -28.4 mV·K-1. Moreover, benefiting from the high charge density of the polycationic electrolyte, we obtain an ionic conductivity of 40.5 mS·cm-1. These findings show the application prospect of synergistic different types of ion-polymer interactions in designing multifunctional ionic thermoelectric materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Chen
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Jiansong Feng
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Taihong Wang
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
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23
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Huang R, Fan Z, Xue B, Ma J, Shen Q. Near-Infrared Light-Responsive Hydrogels for Highly Flexible Bionic Photosensors. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:s23094560. [PMID: 37177763 PMCID: PMC10181775 DOI: 10.3390/s23094560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Soft biological tissues perform various functions. Sensory nerves bring sensations of light, voice, touch, pain, or temperature variation to the central nervous system. Animal senses have inspired tremendous sensors for biomedical applications. Following the same principle as photosensitive nerves, we design flexible ionic hydrogels to achieve a biologic photosensor. The photosensor allows responding to near-infrared light, which is converted into a sensory electric signal that can communicate with nerve cells. Furthermore, with adjustable thermal and/or electrical signal outputs, it provides abundant tools for biological regulation. The tunable photosensitive performances, high flexibility, and low cost endow the photosensor with widespread applications ranging from neural prosthetics to human-machine interfacing systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Huang
- Key Laboratory of High-Performance Polymer Materials and Technology of MOE, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhenhua Fan
- Key Laboratory of High-Performance Polymer Materials and Technology of MOE, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Bin Xue
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, National Laboratory of Solid-State Microstructure, Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Junpeng Ma
- Key Laboratory of High-Performance Polymer Materials and Technology of MOE, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Qundong Shen
- Key Laboratory of High-Performance Polymer Materials and Technology of MOE, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Nanjing 210023, China
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24
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He Y, Li S, Chen R, Liu X, Odunmbaku GO, Fang W, Lin X, Ou Z, Gou Q, Wang J, Ouedraogo NAN, Li J, Li M, Li C, Zheng Y, Chen S, Zhou Y, Sun K. Ion-Electron Coupling Enables Ionic Thermoelectric Material with New Operation Mode and High Energy Density. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2023; 15:101. [PMID: 37052861 PMCID: PMC10102278 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-023-01077-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Ionic thermoelectrics (i-TE) possesses great potential in powering distributed electronics because it can generate thermopower up to tens of millivolts per Kelvin. However, as ions cannot enter external circuit, the utilization of i-TE is currently based on capacitive charge/discharge, which results in discontinuous working mode and low energy density. Here, we introduce an ion-electron thermoelectric synergistic (IETS) effect by utilizing an ion-electron conductor. Electrons/holes can drift under the electric field generated by thermodiffusion of ions, thus converting the ionic current into electrical current that can pass through the external circuit. Due to the IETS effect, i-TE is able to operate continuously for over 3000 min. Moreover, our i-TE exhibits a thermopower of 32.7 mV K-1 and an energy density of 553.9 J m-2, which is more than 6.9 times of the highest reported value. Consequently, direct powering of electronics is achieved with i-TE. This work provides a novel strategy for the design of high-performance i-TE materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjie He
- MOE Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, CQU-NUS Renewable Energy Materials and Devices Joint Laboratory, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaowei Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, CQU-NUS Renewable Energy Materials and Devices Joint Laboratory, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, CQU-NUS Renewable Energy Materials and Devices Joint Laboratory, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, CQU-NUS Renewable Energy Materials and Devices Joint Laboratory, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, People's Republic of China
| | - George Omololu Odunmbaku
- MOE Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, CQU-NUS Renewable Energy Materials and Devices Joint Laboratory, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Fang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, CQU-NUS Renewable Energy Materials and Devices Joint Laboratory, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxue Lin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, CQU-NUS Renewable Energy Materials and Devices Joint Laboratory, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, People's Republic of China
| | - Zeping Ou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, CQU-NUS Renewable Energy Materials and Devices Joint Laboratory, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianzhi Gou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, CQU-NUS Renewable Energy Materials and Devices Joint Laboratory, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiacheng Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, CQU-NUS Renewable Energy Materials and Devices Joint Laboratory, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, People's Republic of China
| | - Nabonswende Aida Nadege Ouedraogo
- MOE Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, CQU-NUS Renewable Energy Materials and Devices Joint Laboratory, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, CQU-NUS Renewable Energy Materials and Devices Joint Laboratory, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, CQU-NUS Renewable Energy Materials and Devices Joint Laboratory, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, CQU-NUS Renewable Energy Materials and Devices Joint Laboratory, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, People's Republic of China
| | - Yujie Zheng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, CQU-NUS Renewable Energy Materials and Devices Joint Laboratory, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanshan Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, CQU-NUS Renewable Energy Materials and Devices Joint Laboratory, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongli Zhou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, CQU-NUS Renewable Energy Materials and Devices Joint Laboratory, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, People's Republic of China
| | - Kuan Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, CQU-NUS Renewable Energy Materials and Devices Joint Laboratory, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, People's Republic of China.
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25
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Prete D, Colosimo A, Demontis V, Medda L, Zannier V, Bellucci L, Tozzini V, Sorba L, Beltram F, Pisignano D, Rossella F. Heat-Driven Iontronic Nanotransistors. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2204120. [PMID: 36698263 PMCID: PMC9982553 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202204120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Thermoelectric polyelectrolytes are emerging as ideal material platform for self-powered bio-compatible electronic devices and sensors. However, despite the nanoscale nature of the ionic thermodiffusion processes underlying thermoelectric efficiency boost in polyelectrolytes, to date no evidence for direct probing of ionic diffusion on its relevant length and time scale has been reported. This gap is bridged by developing heat-driven hybrid nanotransistors based on InAs nanowires embedded in thermally biased Na+ -functionalized (poly)ethyleneoxide, where the semiconducting nanostructure acts as a nanoscale probe sensitive to the local arrangement of the ionic species. The impact of ionic thermoelectric gating on the nanodevice electrical response is addressed, investigating the effect of device architecture, bias configuration and frequency of the heat stimulus, and inferring optimal conditions for the heat-driven nanotransistor operation. Microscopic quantities of the polyelectrolyte such as the ionic diffusion coefficient are extracted from the analysis of hysteretic behaviors rising in the nanodevices. The reported experimental platform enables simultaneously the ionic thermodiffusion and nanoscale resolution, providing a framework for direct estimation of polyelectrolytes microscopic parameters. This may open new routes for heat-driven nanoelectronic applications and boost the rational design of next-generation polymer-based thermoelectric materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenic Prete
- NESTScuola Normale Superiore and Istituto Nanoscienze‐CNRPiazza San Silvestro 12PisaI‐56127Italy
| | - Alessia Colosimo
- NESTScuola Normale Superiore and Istituto Nanoscienze‐CNRPiazza San Silvestro 12PisaI‐56127Italy
- Universitá di PisaDipartimento di FisicaLargo Bruno Pontecorvo, 3Pisa56127Italy
| | - Valeria Demontis
- NESTScuola Normale Superiore and Istituto Nanoscienze‐CNRPiazza San Silvestro 12PisaI‐56127Italy
| | - Luca Medda
- NESTScuola Normale Superiore and Istituto Nanoscienze‐CNRPiazza San Silvestro 12PisaI‐56127Italy
| | - Valentina Zannier
- NESTScuola Normale Superiore and Istituto Nanoscienze‐CNRPiazza San Silvestro 12PisaI‐56127Italy
| | - Luca Bellucci
- NESTScuola Normale Superiore and Istituto Nanoscienze‐CNRPiazza San Silvestro 12PisaI‐56127Italy
| | - Valentina Tozzini
- NESTScuola Normale Superiore and Istituto Nanoscienze‐CNRPiazza San Silvestro 12PisaI‐56127Italy
| | - Lucia Sorba
- NESTScuola Normale Superiore and Istituto Nanoscienze‐CNRPiazza San Silvestro 12PisaI‐56127Italy
| | - Fabio Beltram
- NESTScuola Normale Superiore and Istituto Nanoscienze‐CNRPiazza San Silvestro 12PisaI‐56127Italy
| | - Dario Pisignano
- Universitá di PisaDipartimento di FisicaLargo Bruno Pontecorvo, 3Pisa56127Italy
| | - Francesco Rossella
- NESTScuola Normale Superiore and Istituto Nanoscienze‐CNRPiazza San Silvestro 12PisaI‐56127Italy
- Scuola di Ingegneria | Dipartimento di Scienze FisicheInformatiche e MatematicheUniversitá di Modena e Reggio Emiliavia Campi 213/aModena41125Italy
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26
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Zhao X, Guo J, Wang J, Yan Y. A Metal Nanoparticle Thermistor with the Beta Value of 10 000 K. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2205136. [PMID: 36464646 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202205136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The thermistor, typically made from metallic oxides, is a type of resistor whose electrical resistance is dependent on its temperature. Despite the wide usage, the limitations of ceramic thermistors become increasingly apparent as devices with improved performances are sought and as new applications emerge. Herein, a thermistor that is showed with a beta (B) value of 10 000 K can be made exclusively from metal nanoparticles functionalized with charged organic ligands. This B value is hard to achieve for ceramic devices, which is due to the increase of effective counterion concentration and its mobility upon thermal activation. Importantly, the performance of the nanoparticle thermistor is maintained when it is fabricated on a flexible substrate and experiences reversible bending. Demos of thermistor arrays for heat transfer, distribution, and comparison of their performance with commercial products are also demonstrated. Owing to the low temperature and simple casting process, conformably flexible characteristics, stable solid states, and ultra-high sensitivities, this device is expected to be practically used soon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Jiahui Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jingyu Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yong Yan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
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27
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Vaganova E, Eliaz D, Leitus G, Solomonov A, Dubnikova F, Feldman Y, Rosenhek-Goldian I, Cohen SR, Shimanovich U. Polymer Gel with Tunable Conductive Properties: A Material for Thermal Energy Harvesting. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:47747-47754. [PMID: 36591209 PMCID: PMC9798393 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c05301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The spontaneous gelation of poly(4-vinyl pyridine)/pyridine solution produces materials with conductive properties that are suitable for various energy conversion technologies. The gel is a thermoelectric material with a conductivity of 2.2-5.0 × 10-6 S m-1 and dielectric constant ε = 11.3. On the molecular scale, the gel contains various types of hydrogen bonding, which are formed via self-protonation of the pyridine side chains. Our measurements and calculations revealed that the gelation process produces bias-dependent polymer complexes: quasi-symmetric, strongly hydrogen-bonded species, and weakly bound protonated structures. Under an applied DC bias, the gelled complexes differ in their capacitance/conductive characteristics. In this work, we exploited the bias-responsive characteristics of poly(4-vinyl pyridine) gelled complexes to develop a prototype of a thermal energy harvesting device. The measured device efficiency is S = ΔV/ΔT = 0.18 mV/K within the temperature range of 296-360 K. Investigation of the mechanism underlying the conversion of thermal energy into electric charge showed that the heat-controlled proton diffusion (the Soret effect) produces thermogalvanic redox reactions of hydrogen ions on the anode. The charge can be stored in an external capacitor for heat energy harvesting. These results advance our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying thermal energy conversion in the poly(4-vinyl pyridine)/pyridine gel. A device prototype, enabling thermal energy harvesting, successfully demonstrates a simple path toward the development of inexpensive, low-energy thermoelectric generators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgenia Vaganova
- Department
of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot7610001, Israel
| | - Dror Eliaz
- Department
of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot7610001, Israel
| | - Gregory Leitus
- Chemical
Research Support Department, Weizmann Institute
of Science, Rehovot7610001, Israel
| | - Aleksei Solomonov
- Department
of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot7610001, Israel
| | - Faina Dubnikova
- Department
of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem91904, Israel
| | - Yishay Feldman
- Chemical
Research Support Department, Weizmann Institute
of Science, Rehovot7610001, Israel
| | - Irit Rosenhek-Goldian
- Chemical
Research Support Department, Weizmann Institute
of Science, Rehovot7610001, Israel
| | - Sidney R. Cohen
- Chemical
Research Support Department, Weizmann Institute
of Science, Rehovot7610001, Israel
| | - Ulyana Shimanovich
- Department
of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot7610001, Israel
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28
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Gao W, Wang Y, Lai F. Thermoelectric energy harvesting for personalized healthcare. SMART MEDICINE 2022; 1:e20220016. [PMID: 39188740 PMCID: PMC11235962 DOI: 10.1002/smmd.20220016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
In recent decades, there has been increased research interest in miniaturizing and decentralizing diagnostic platforms to enable continuous personalized healthcare and free patients from long-term hospitalization. However, the lack of reliable and portable power supplies has limited the working time of the personalized healthcare platform. Compared with the current power supplies (e.g., batteries and supercapacitors) that require manual intervention, thermoelectric devices promise to continuously harvest waste heat from the human body to satisfy the energy consumption of personalized healthcare platforms. Herein, this review discusses thermoelectric energy harvesting for personalized healthcare. It begins with the fundamental concepts of different thermoelectric materials, including electron thermoelectric generators (TEGs), ionic thermogalvanic cells (TGCs), and ionic thermoelectric capacitors (TECs). Then, the wearable and implantable applications of thermoelectric devices are presented. Finally, future directions of next-generation thermoelectric devices for personalized healthcare are discussed. It is hoped that developing high-performance thermoelectric devices will change the landscape of personalized healthcare in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Gao
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied SciencesHarvard UniversityCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
| | - Yang Wang
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied SciencesHarvard UniversityCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
| | - Feili Lai
- Department of ChemistryKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
- Department of Molecular SpectroscopyMax Planck Institute for Polymer ResearchMainzGermany
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29
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Cheng H, Ouyang J. Soret Effect of Ionic Liquid Gels for Thermoelectric Conversion. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:10830-10842. [PMID: 36382894 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c02645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Cations and anions can accumulate at the two ends of an ionic conductor under temperature gradient, which is the so-called Soret effect. This can generate a voltage between the two electrodes, and the thermopower can be higher than that of the electronic conductors because of the Seebeck effect by 1-2 orders in magnitude. The thermoelectric properties of ionic conductors depend on the ionic thermopower, ionic conductivity, and thermal conductivity. Compared with other ionic conductors, like liquid electrolytes and hydrogels, ionogels made of an ionic liquid and a gelator can have the advantages of high thermopower and high stability. Great progress was recently made to improve the ionic conductivity and/or ionic thermopower of ionogels. They can be used in ionic thermoelectric capacitors (ITECs) to harvest heat. In addition, they can be integrated with electronic thermoelectric materials to harvest heat from both temperature gradient and temperature fluctuation, which can be caused by waste heat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanlin Cheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore117575, Singapore
| | - Jianyong Ouyang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore117575, Singapore
- National University of Singapore Suzhou Research Institute, No. 377 Linquan Street, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu215000, China
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30
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Wu Z, Wang B, Li J, Wu R, Jin M, Zhao H, Chen S, Wang H. Advanced Bacterial Cellulose Ionic Conductors with Gigantic Thermopower for Low-Grade Heat Harvesting. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:8152-8160. [PMID: 36219168 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c02558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Ionic conductors such as polymer electrolytes and ionic liquids have high thermoelectric voltages several orders of magnitude higher than electronic thermoelectric materials, while their conductivity is much lower than the latter. This work reports a novel approach to achieve high-performance ionic conductors using calcium ion (Ca2+) coordinated bacterial cellulose (CaBC) through molecular channel engineering. Through the coordination of Ca2+ with cellulose molecular chain, the distance between the cellulose molecular chains is widened, so that ions can transport along the cellulose molecular chain. Therefore, we reported ionic thermoelectric (i-TE) material based on CaBC/NaCl with a relatively high ionic Seebeck coefficient of -27.2 mV K-1 and high ionic conductivity of 204.2 mS cm-1. This ionic hydrogel is promising in the design of high-thermopower i-TE materials for low-grade heat energy harvesting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuotong Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai201620, People's Republic of China
| | - Baoxiu Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai201620, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai201620, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongliang Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai201620, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengtian Jin
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai201620, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiwen Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai201620, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiyan Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai201620, People's Republic of China
| | - Huaping Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai201620, People's Republic of China
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31
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Abstract
Ion pumps are important membrane-spanning transporters that pump ions against the electrochemical gradient across the cell membrane. In biological systems, ion pumping is essential to maintain intracellular osmotic pressure, to respond to external stimuli, and to regulate physiological activities by consuming adenosine triphosphate. In recent decades, artificial ion pumping systems with diverse geometric structures and functions have been developing rapidly with the progress of advanced materials and nanotechnology. In this Review, bioinspired artificial ion pumps, including four categories: asymmetric structure-driven ion pumps, pH gradient-driven ion pumps, light-driven ion pumps, and electron-driven ion pumps, are summarized. The working mechanisms, functions, and applications of those artificial ion pumping systems are discussed. Finally, a brief conclusion of underpinning challenges and outlook for future research are tentatively discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Mei
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen 518055, P.R. China
| | - Hongjie Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen 518055, P.R. China
| | - Kai Xiao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen 518055, P.R. China
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32
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Zhou Y, Dong Z, He Y, Zhu W, Yuan Y, Zeng H, Li C, Chen S, Sun K. Multi-ionic Hydrogel with outstanding heat-to-electrical performance for low-grade heat harvesting. Chem Asian J 2022; 17:e202200850. [PMID: 36074542 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202200850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Ionic thermoelectric (i-TE) materials have attracted much attention due to their ability to generate ionic Seebeck coefficient of tens of millivolts per Kelvin. In this work, we demonstrate that the ionic thermopower can be enhanced by the introduction of multiple ions. The multi-ionic hydrogel possesses a record thermal-to-electrical energy conversion factor (TtoE factor) of 89.6 mV K-1 and an ionic conductivity of 6.8 mS cm-1, which are both better than single salt contact hydrogel. Subsequently we build a model to explain thermal diffusion of the ions in multi-ionic hydrogels. Finally, the possibility of large-scale integrated applications of multi-ionic hydrogels is demonstrated. By connecting 7 i-TEs hydrogels, we obtained an open-circuit voltage of 1.86 V at ΔT = 3 K. Our work provides a new pathway for the design of i-TEs and low-grade heat harvesting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongli Zhou
- Chongqing University, School of Energy & Power Engineering, CHINA
| | - Zixian Dong
- Chongqing University, School of Energy & Power Engineering, CHINA
| | - Yongjie He
- Chongqing University, School of Energy & Power Engineering, CHINA
| | - Wentao Zhu
- Chongqing University, School of Energy & Power Engineering, CHINA
| | - Youlan Yuan
- Chongqing University, School of Energy & Power Engineering, CHINA
| | - Haoran Zeng
- Chongqing University, School of Energy & Power Engineering, CHINA
| | - Chen Li
- Chongqing University, School of Energy & Power Engineering, CHINA
| | - Shanshan Chen
- Chongqing University, School of Energy & Power Engineering, CHINA
| | - Kuan Sun
- Chongqing University, School of Energy & Power Engineering, 178 Shazhengjie, Shapingba District, 400044, Chongqing, CHINA
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33
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Ding Y, Liu G, Long Z, Zhou Y, Qiu X, Ren B, Zhang Q, Chi C, Wan Z, Huang B, Fan Z. Uncooled self-powered hemispherical biomimetic pit organ for mid- to long-infrared imaging. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabq8432. [PMID: 36044578 PMCID: PMC9432836 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abq8432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Infrared vision is highly desirable for applications in multifarious fields. Of the few species with this visual capability, snakes have exceptional infrared perception with the assistance of pit organs. Inspired by the pit organ design we present here a hemispherical biomimetic infrared imaging device. The devices use high-density ionic thermoelectric polymer nanowire arrays that serve as the sensing nerve cells. The individual nanowires exhibit notable voltage response to temperature variation in test objects. An infrared sensor array with 625 pixels on the hemispherical substrate is successfully demonstrated with an ultrawide field of view up to 135°. The device can image body temperature objects without a cooling system and external power supply. This work opens up opportunities for the design and fabrication of bioinspired infrared imaging devices based on emerging ionic thermoelectric materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yucheng Ding
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Microelectronics Thrust, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou), Nansha, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Displays and Optoelectronics Technologies, HKUST, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Intelligent Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Technology, , HKUST, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Gongze Liu
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zhenghao Long
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Displays and Optoelectronics Technologies, HKUST, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Intelligent Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Technology, , HKUST, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Displays and Optoelectronics Technologies, HKUST, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Intelligent Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Technology, , HKUST, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xiao Qiu
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Displays and Optoelectronics Technologies, HKUST, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Intelligent Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Technology, , HKUST, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Beitao Ren
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Displays and Optoelectronics Technologies, HKUST, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Intelligent Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Technology, , HKUST, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Qianpeng Zhang
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Displays and Optoelectronics Technologies, HKUST, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Intelligent Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Technology, , HKUST, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Cheng Chi
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zhu’an Wan
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Displays and Optoelectronics Technologies, HKUST, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Intelligent Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Technology, , HKUST, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Baoling Huang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zhiyong Fan
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Displays and Optoelectronics Technologies, HKUST, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Intelligent Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Technology, , HKUST, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Hu Y, Chen M, Qin C, Zhang J, Lu A. Cellulose ionic conductor with tunable Seebeck coefficient for low-grade heat harvesting. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 292:119650. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Zhou R, Jin Y, Zeng W, Jin H, Bai L, Shi L, Shang X. Liquid-Free Ion-Conducting Elastomer with Environmental Stability for Soft Sensing and Thermoelectric Generating. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:39120-39131. [PMID: 35973131 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c09208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Ionic conductors are promising candidates for fabricating soft electronics, but currently applied ionic hydrogels and organogels suffer from liquid leakage and evaporation issues. Herein, we fabricated a free-liquid ionic conducting elastomer (LFICE) with dry lithium bis(trifluoromethane sulfonimide) and elastomeric waterborne polyurethane. The resultant versatile LFICE exhibits superior tensile strength (∼4.5 MPa), satisfactory stretchability (>900%), excellent ionic conductivity (8.32 × 10-4 S m-1 at 25 °C), and sensitive strain (3.21) and temperature (2.22% °C-1) response. The LFICE also presents durable environmental stability due to the all-solid-state feature. In the exploration of application prospects, the as-assembled LFICE sensor can precisely and repeatedly detect human motion and temperature changes, demonstrating its potentials in digital medical diagnosis and monitoring; the as-assembled LFICE thermoelectric generator (TEG) shows a high ionic thermovoltage of 4.41 mV K-1, paving a bright path for the advent of self-powered soft electronics. It is believed that this research boosts the facile fabrication of environmental stable stretchable ionic conductors holding great promise in next-generation soft electronics integrated with dual thermo- and strain-response and energy harvesting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
- National Engineering Research Center of Clean Technology in Leather Industry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Yong Jin
- Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
- National Engineering Research Center of Clean Technology in Leather Industry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Wenhua Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
- National Engineering Research Center of Clean Technology in Leather Industry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Hongyu Jin
- Department of Liver Surgery & Liver Transplantation, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | - Long Bai
- Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
- National Engineering Research Center of Clean Technology in Leather Industry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Liangjie Shi
- Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
- National Engineering Research Center of Clean Technology in Leather Industry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Xiang Shang
- Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
- National Engineering Research Center of Clean Technology in Leather Industry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
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36
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Zhao W, Sun T, Zheng Y, Zhang Q, Huang A, Wang L, Jiang W. Tailoring Intermolecular Interactions Towards High-Performance Thermoelectric Ionogels at Low Humidity. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2201075. [PMID: 35478492 PMCID: PMC9284173 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202201075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Development of ionic thermoelectric (iTE) materials is of immense interest for efficient heat-to-electricity conversion due to their giant ionic Seebeck coefficient (Si ), but challenges remain in terms of relatively small Si at low humidity, poor stretchability, and ambiguous interaction mechanism in ionogels. Herein, a novel ionogel is reported consisting of polyethylene oxide (PEO), polyethylene oxide-polypropylene oxide-polyethylene oxide (P123), and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate (Emim:OAC). By delicately designing the interactions between ions and polymers, the migration of anions is restricted due to their strong binding with the hydroxyl groups of polymers, while the transport of cations is facilitated through segmental motions due to the increased amorphous regions, thereby leading to enlarged diffusion difference between the cations and anions. Moreover, the plasticizing effect of P123 and Emim:OAC can increase the elongation at break. As a consequence, the ionogel exhibits excellent properties including high Si (18 mV K-1 at relative humidity of 60%), good ionic conductivity (1.1 mS cm-1 ), superior stretchability (787%), and high stability (over 80% retention after 600 h). These findings show a promising strategy to obtain multifunctional iTE materials by engineering the intermolecular interactions and demonstrate the great potential of ionogels for harvesting low-grade heat in human-comfortable humidity environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer MaterialsCollege of Materials Science and EngineeringDonghua UniversityShanghai201620China
| | - Tingting Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer MaterialsCollege of Materials Science and EngineeringDonghua UniversityShanghai201620China
| | - Yiwei Zheng
- Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials InnovationsCollege of EnergyKey Laboratory of Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu ProvinceSoochow UniversitySuzhou215006China
| | - Qihao Zhang
- Institute for Metallic MaterialsLeibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden (IFW Dresden)Dresden01069Germany
| | - Aibin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine MicrostructureShanghai Institute of CeramicsChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai200050China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics EngineeringUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Lianjun Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer MaterialsCollege of Materials Science and EngineeringDonghua UniversityShanghai201620China
| | - Wan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer MaterialsCollege of Materials Science and EngineeringDonghua UniversityShanghai201620China
- Institute of Functional MaterialsDonghua UniversityShanghai201620China
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37
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He Y, Zhang Q, Cheng H, Liu Y, Shu Y, Geng Y, Zheng Y, Qin B, Zhou Y, Chen S, Li J, Li M, Odunmbaku GO, Li C, Shumilova T, Ouyang J, Sun K. Role of Ions in Hydrogels with an Ionic Seebeck Coefficient of 52.9 mV K -1. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:4621-4627. [PMID: 35587455 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c00845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Ionic thermoelectric (i-TE) material with mobile ions as charge carriers has the potential to generate large thermal voltages at low operating temperatures. This study highlights the role of ions in i-TE hydrogels employing a poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) polymer matrix and a number of ion providers, e.g., KOH, KNO3, KCl, KBr, NaI, KI, and CsI. The relationship between the intrinsic physical parameters of the ion and the thermoelectric performance is established, indicating the ability to influence the hydrogen bond by the ion is a crucial factor. Among these i-TE hydrogels, the PVA/CsI hydrogel exhibits the largest ionic Seebeck coefficient, reaching 52.9 mV K-1, which is the largest of all i-TE materials reported to date. In addition, our work demonstrates the influence of ions on polymer configuration and provides an avenue for ion selection in the Soret effect in ionic thermoelectrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjie He
- MOE Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, CQU-NUS Renewable Energy Materials & Devices Joint Laboratory, School of Energy & Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, CQU-NUS Renewable Energy Materials & Devices Joint Laboratory, School of Energy & Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Hanlin Cheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117574
| | - Yang Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, CQU-NUS Renewable Energy Materials & Devices Joint Laboratory, School of Energy & Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Yue Shu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, CQU-NUS Renewable Energy Materials & Devices Joint Laboratory, School of Energy & Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Yang Geng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, CQU-NUS Renewable Energy Materials & Devices Joint Laboratory, School of Energy & Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Yujie Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment & System Security and New Technology, School of Energy & Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Bo Qin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Yongli Zhou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, CQU-NUS Renewable Energy Materials & Devices Joint Laboratory, School of Energy & Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Shanshan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment & System Security and New Technology, School of Energy & Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Jing Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, CQU-NUS Renewable Energy Materials & Devices Joint Laboratory, School of Energy & Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Meng Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, CQU-NUS Renewable Energy Materials & Devices Joint Laboratory, School of Energy & Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - George Omololu Odunmbaku
- MOE Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, CQU-NUS Renewable Energy Materials & Devices Joint Laboratory, School of Energy & Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Chen Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, CQU-NUS Renewable Energy Materials & Devices Joint Laboratory, School of Energy & Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Tatyana Shumilova
- Institute of Geology, FRC Komi Science Center, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 167982 Syktyvkar, Russia
| | - Jianyong Ouyang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117574
| | - Kuan Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, CQU-NUS Renewable Energy Materials & Devices Joint Laboratory, School of Energy & Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
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38
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Gao W, Lei Z, Chen W, Chen Y. Hierarchically Anisotropic Networks to Decouple Mechanical and Ionic Properties for High-Performance Quasi-Solid Thermocells. ACS NANO 2022; 16:8347-8357. [PMID: 35452232 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c02606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The rapid growth of wearable systems demands sustainable, mechanically adaptable, and eco-friendly energy-harvesting devices. Quasi-solid ionic thermocells have demonstrated the capability of continuously converting low-grade heat into electricity to power wearable electronics. However, a trade-off between ion conductivity and mechanical properties is one of the most challenging obstacles for developing high-performance quasi-solid thermocells. Herein, the trade-off is overcome by designing anisotropic polymer networks to produce aligned channels for ion-conducting and hierarchically assembled crystalline nanofibrils for crack blunting. The ionic conductivity of the anisotropic thermocell has a more than 400% increase, and the power density is comparable to the record of state-of-the-art quasi-solid thermocells. Moreover, compared with the existing quasi-solid thermocells with the optimal mechanical performance, this material realizes biomimetic strain-stiffening and shows more than 1100% and 300% increases in toughness and strength, respectively. We believe this work provides a general method for developing high-performance, cost-effective, and durable thermocells and also expands the applicability of thermocells in wearable systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Gao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Heat Fluid Flow Technology and Energy Application, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, P. R. China
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge 02138, Massachusetts, United States
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, P. R. China
| | - Zhouyue Lei
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge 02138, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Wenwen Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China
| | - Yongping Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Heat Fluid Flow Technology and Energy Application, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, P. R. China
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39
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Chen Q, Chen B, Xiao S, Feng J, Yang J, Yue Q, Zhang X, Wang T. Giant Thermopower of Hydrogen Ion Enhanced by a Strong Hydrogen Bond System. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:19304-19314. [PMID: 35468291 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c24698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Ionic thermoelectric materials based on organic polymers are of great significance for low-grade heat harvesting and self-powered wearable temperature sensing. Here, we demonstrate a poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) hydrogel that relies on the differential transport of H+ in PVA hydrogels with different degrees of crystallization. After the inorganic acid is infiltrated into the physically cross-linked PVA hydrogel, the ionic conductor exhibits a huge ionic thermopower of 38.20 mV K-1, which is more than twice the highest value reported for hydrogen ion transport thermoelectric materials. We attribute the enhanced thermally generated voltage to the movement of H+ in the strong hydrogen bond system of PVA hydrogels and the restrictive effect of the strong hydrogen bond system on anions. This ionic thermoelectric hydrogel opens up a new way for thermoelectric conversion devices using H+ as an energy carrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianling Chen
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Bin Chen
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Songhua Xiao
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Jiansong Feng
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Quan Yue
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Taihong Wang
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
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40
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Akbar ZA, Malik YT, Kim DH, Cho S, Jang SY, Jeon JW. Self-Healable and Stretchable Ionic-Liquid-Based Thermoelectric Composites with High Ionic Seebeck Coefficient. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2106937. [PMID: 35344267 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202106937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The advancement of wearable electronics, particularly self-powered wearable electronic devices, necessitates the development of efficient energy conversion technologies with flexible mechanical properties. Recently, ionic thermoelectric (TE) materials have attracted great attention because of their enormous thermopower, which can operate capacitors or supercapacitors by harvesting low-grade heat. This study presents self-healable, stretchable, and flexible ionic TE composites comprising an ionic liquid (IL), 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate (EMIM:OTf); a polymer matrix, poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP); and a fluoro-surfactant (FS). The self-healability of the IL-based composites originates from dynamic ion-dipole interactions between the IL, the PVDF-HFP, and the FS. The composites demonstrate excellent ionic TE properties with an ionic Seebeck coefficient (Si ) of ≈38.3 mV K-1 and an ionic figure of merit of ZTi = 2.34 at 90% relative humidity, which are higher than the values reported for other IL-based TE materials. The IL-based ionic TE composites developed in this study can maintain excellent ionic TE properties under harsh conditions, including severe strain (75%) and multiple cutting-healing cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zico Alaia Akbar
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoga Trianzar Malik
- Department of Chemistry, Kookmin University, 77 Jeongneung-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 136-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hu Kim
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangho Cho
- Materials Architecturing Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- Division of Nano & Information Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Yeon Jang
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Won Jeon
- Department of Chemistry, Kookmin University, 77 Jeongneung-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 136-702, Republic of Korea
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41
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Karki A, Cincotti G, Chen S, Stanishev V, Darakchieva V, Wang C, Fahlman M, Jonsson MP. Electrical Tuning of Plasmonic Conducting Polymer Nanoantennas. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2107172. [PMID: 35064601 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202107172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Nanostructures of conventional metals offer manipulation of light at the nanoscale but are largely limited to static behavior due to fixed material properties. To develop the next frontier of dynamic nano-optics and metasurfaces, this study utilizes the redox-tunable optical properties of conducting polymers, as recently shown to be capable of sustaining plasmons in their most conducting oxidized state. Electrically tunable conducting polymer nano-optical antennas are presented, using nanodisks of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene:sulfate) (PEDOT:Sulf) as a model system. In addition to repeated on/off switching of the polymeric nanoantennas, the concept enables gradual electrical tuning of the nano-optical response, which was found to be related to the modulation of both density and mobility of the mobile polaronic charge carriers in the polymer. The resonance position of the PEDOT:Sulf nanoantennas can be conveniently controlled by disk size, here reported down to a wavelength of around 1270 nm. The presented concept may be used for electrically tunable metasurfaces, with tunable farfield as well as nearfield. The work thereby opens for applications ranging from tunable flat meta-optics to adaptable smart windows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akchheta Karki
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology (ITN), Linköping University, Norrköping, SE-601 74, Sweden
| | - Giancarlo Cincotti
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology (ITN), Linköping University, Norrköping, SE-601 74, Sweden
| | - Shangzhi Chen
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology (ITN), Linköping University, Norrköping, SE-601 74, Sweden
| | - Vallery Stanishev
- Terahertz Materials Analysis Center (THeMAC), Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, Linköping, SE-581 83, Sweden
- Center for III-Nitride Technology, C3NiT-Janzèn, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, Linköping, SE-581 83, Sweden
| | - Vanya Darakchieva
- Terahertz Materials Analysis Center (THeMAC), Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, Linköping, SE-581 83, Sweden
- Center for III-Nitride Technology, C3NiT-Janzèn, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, Linköping, SE-581 83, Sweden
- Solid State Physics and NanoLund, Lund University, Lund, S-221 00, Sweden
| | - Chuanfei Wang
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology (ITN), Linköping University, Norrköping, SE-601 74, Sweden
| | - Mats Fahlman
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology (ITN), Linköping University, Norrköping, SE-601 74, Sweden
| | - Magnus P Jonsson
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology (ITN), Linköping University, Norrköping, SE-601 74, Sweden
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42
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Li L, Feng S, Bai Y, Yang X, Liu M, Hao M, Wang S, Wu Y, Sun F, Liu Z, Zhang T. Enhancing hydrovoltaic power generation through heat conduction effects. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1043. [PMID: 35210414 PMCID: PMC8873497 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28689-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Restricted ambient temperature and slow heat replenishment in the phase transition of water molecules severely limit the performance of the evaporation-induced hydrovoltaic generators. Here we demonstrate a heat conduction effect enhanced hydrovoltaic power generator by integrating a flexible ionic thermoelectric gelatin material with a porous dual-size Al2O3 hydrovoltaic generator. In the hybrid heat conduction effect enhanced hydrovoltaic power generator, the ionic thermoelectric gelatin material can effectively improve the heat conduction between hydrovoltaic generator and near environment, thus increasing the water evaporation rate to improve the output voltage. Synergistically, hydrovoltaic generator part with continuous water evaporation can induce a constant temperature difference for the thermoelectric generator. Moreover, the system can efficiently achieve solar-to-thermal conversion to raise the temperature difference, accompanied by a stable open circuit voltage of 6.4 V for the hydrovoltaic generator module, the highest value yet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianhui Li
- i-Lab, Key Laboratory of multifunctional nanomaterials and smart systems, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), 398 Ruoshui Road, 215123, Suzhou, P. R. China
| | - Sijia Feng
- i-Lab, Key Laboratory of multifunctional nanomaterials and smart systems, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), 398 Ruoshui Road, 215123, Suzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Bai
- i-Lab, Key Laboratory of multifunctional nanomaterials and smart systems, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), 398 Ruoshui Road, 215123, Suzhou, P. R. China
| | - Xianqing Yang
- i-Lab, Key Laboratory of multifunctional nanomaterials and smart systems, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), 398 Ruoshui Road, 215123, Suzhou, P. R. China
| | - Mengyuan Liu
- i-Lab, Key Laboratory of multifunctional nanomaterials and smart systems, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), 398 Ruoshui Road, 215123, Suzhou, P. R. China
| | - Mingming Hao
- i-Lab, Key Laboratory of multifunctional nanomaterials and smart systems, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), 398 Ruoshui Road, 215123, Suzhou, P. R. China
| | - Shuqi Wang
- i-Lab, Key Laboratory of multifunctional nanomaterials and smart systems, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), 398 Ruoshui Road, 215123, Suzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yue Wu
- i-Lab, Key Laboratory of multifunctional nanomaterials and smart systems, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), 398 Ruoshui Road, 215123, Suzhou, P. R. China
| | - Fuqin Sun
- i-Lab, Key Laboratory of multifunctional nanomaterials and smart systems, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), 398 Ruoshui Road, 215123, Suzhou, P. R. China
| | - Zheng Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ting Zhang
- i-Lab, Key Laboratory of multifunctional nanomaterials and smart systems, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), 398 Ruoshui Road, 215123, Suzhou, P. R. China.
- Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), 320 Yueyang Rod, 200031, Shanghai, China.
- Gusu laboratory of materials, 388 Ruoshui Road, 215123, Suzhou, P. R. China.
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43
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Han Y, Zhang J, Hu R, Xu D. High-thermopower polarized electrolytes enabled by methylcellulose for low-grade heat harvesting. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabl5318. [PMID: 35179966 PMCID: PMC8856612 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abl5318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Low-grade heat exists ubiquitously in the environment. Thermogalvanic cells (TGCs) are promising for converting the widespread low-grade heat directly into electricity owing to relatively high thermopowers of redox reactions. This work reports polarized electrolytes with ultrahigh thermopowers of -8.18 mV K-1 for n-type and 9.62 mV K-1 for p-type. The electrolyte consists of I-/I3- redox couple, methylcellulose, and KCl. Thermoresponsive methylcellulose leads to polarization switching from n-type to p-type above a transition temperature due to the strong hydrophobic interaction between methylcellulose and I3- ions. The giant thermopowers can be attributed to the simultaneously enhanced entropy change and concentration difference of redox couple enabled by the gelation of methylcellulose and KCl-induced complexation. The p-type TGC with the optimized electrolyte achieves a normalized maximum power density of 0.36 mW m-2 K-2, which is far superior to other reported I-/I3--based TGCs. This work demonstrates cost-effective, high-thermopower polarized electrolytes for low-grade heat harvesting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Han
- Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Run Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Dongyan Xu
- Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
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44
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Chi C, An M, Qi X, Li Y, Zhang R, Liu G, Lin C, Huang H, Dang H, Demir B, Wang Y, Ma W, Huang B, Zhang X. Selectively tuning ionic thermopower in all-solid-state flexible polymer composites for thermal sensing. Nat Commun 2022; 13:221. [PMID: 35017492 PMCID: PMC8752756 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27885-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
There has been increasing interest in the emerging ionic thermoelectric materials with huge ionic thermopower. However, it's challenging to selectively tune the thermopower of all-solid-state polymer materials because the transportation of ions in all-solid-state polymers is much more complex than those of liquid-dominated gels. Herein, this work provides all-solid-state polymer materials with a wide tunable thermopower range (+20~-6 mV K-1), which is different from previously reported gels. Moreover, the mechanism of p-n conversion in all-solid-state ionic thermoelectric polymer material at the atomic scale was presented based on the analysis of Eastman entropy changes by molecular dynamics simulation, which provides a general strategy for tuning ionic thermopower and is beneficial to understand the fundamental mechanism of the p-n conversion. Furthermore, a self-powered ionic thermoelectric thermal sensor fabricated by the developed p- and n-type polymers demonstrated high sensitivity and durability, extending the application of ionic thermoelectric materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Chi
- Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Meng An
- Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- College of Mechanical & Electrical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Xin Qi
- Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ruihan Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 100 Institute Road, Worcester, MA, 01609, USA
| | - Gongze Liu
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chongjia Lin
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - He Huang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hao Dang
- Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Baris Demir
- Centre for Theoretical and Computational Molecular Science, The Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 100 Institute Road, Worcester, MA, 01609, USA
| | - Weigang Ma
- Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Baoling Huang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Xing Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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45
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Liu S, Yang Y, Huang H, Zheng J, Liu G, To TH, Huang B. Giant and bidirectionally tunable thermopower in nonaqueous ionogels enabled by selective ion doping. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabj3019. [PMID: 34985956 PMCID: PMC8730620 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abj3019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Ionic thermoelectrics show great potential in thermal sensing owing to their ultrahigh thermopower, low cost, and ease in production. However, the lack of effective n-type ionic thermoelectric materials seriously hinders their applications. Here, we report giant and bidirectionally tunable thermopowers within an ultrawide range from −15 to +17 mV K−1 in solid ionic liquid–based ionogels. Particularly, a record high negative thermopower of −15 mV K−1 is achieved in the ternary ionogel, rendering it among the best n-type ionic thermoelectric materials under the same condition. A thermopower regulation strategy through ion doping to selectively induce ion aggregates to enhance ion-ion interactions is proposed. These selective ion interactions are found to be decisive in modulating the sign and magnitude of the thermopower in the ionogels. A prototype wearable device integrated with 12 p-n pairs is demonstrated with a total thermopower of 0.358 V K−1, showing promise for ultrasensitive thermal detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijing Liu
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yuewang Yang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - He Huang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jiongzhi Zheng
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Gongze Liu
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Tsz Ho To
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Baoling Huang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Foshan Research Institute for Smart Manufacturing, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
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46
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Shin G, Jeon JG, Kim JH, Lee JH, Lee J, Kim HJ, Baek JY, Kang KM, Han Y, So BJ, Kang TJ. Paper-Based Ionic Thermocouples for Inexpensive and High-Precision Measurement of Temperature. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:60154-60162. [PMID: 34844404 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c17059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Accurate and yet cost-effective temperature measurements are required in various sectors of academia and industry. Thermocouples (TCs) are most widely used for temperature measurements; however, their low temperature sensitivity and high thermal conductivity should be improved to ensure the reliable measurement of output voltage for small temperature differences. To address this, a paper-based ionic thermocouple (P-iTC) presented here utilizes a pair of paper strips soaked with the electrolytes of potassium ferri-/ferrocyanide and iron (II/III) chloride redox couples, which are used as p- and n-type elements, respectively. The fabricated P-iTC provides 70× higher temperature sensitivity (α, 2.8 mV/K) and 30× lower thermal conductivity (k, 0.8 W/m K) than those of commercial K-type TCs, thereby yielding a remarkably high α/k ratio of 3.5 mV m/W. Reliable sensing performance is measured during three weeks of operation, which indicates that the P-iTC should be stable in long-term operation. To demonstrate the practicality of the P-iTC, a 3 × 3 planar array of P-iTCs is fabricated to monitor the temperature profile of a surface in contact with heat sources. Using pencil-drawn graphite electrodes on paper, a highly cost-effective P-iTC with the material cost of ∼0.5 cents per device is also fabricated, which is successfully used to monitor cold chain temperatures while retaining its excellent temperature-sensing performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilyong Shin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Jei Gyeong Jeon
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Hyeon Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Hwan Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Junho Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeong Jun Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Yun Baek
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Mook Kang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Yusu Han
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong Jun So
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae June Kang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
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47
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Jiao X, Wang J, Gao G, Zhang X, Fu C, Wang L, Wang Y, Liu T. Stable Li-Metal Batteries Enabled by in Situ Gelation of an Electrolyte and In-Built Fluorinated Solid Electrolyte Interface. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:60054-60062. [PMID: 34879648 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c19663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Lithium-metal batteries (LMBs) are the focus of upcoming energy storage systems with extremely high-energy density. However, the leakage of liquid electrolyte and the uncontrollable dendritic Li growth on the surface of the Li anode lead to their low reversibility and safety risks. Herein, we propose a stable quasi-solid LMB with in situ gelation of liquid electrolyte and an in-built fluorinated solid electrolyte interface (SEI) on the Li anode. The gel polymer electrolyte (GPE) is readily constructed via cationic polymerization between lithium hexafluorophosphate and ether electrolyte. The fluorine-containing additive, fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC), plays a crucial role in the building of a dense SEI with fast interfacial charge transport. The ex situ spectroscopic characterizations suggest that the enhanced LiF species in the SEI with the addition of FEC and the in situ optical microscopy reveal the inhibited dendritic Li growth. Moreover, GPE@FEC exhibits a high oxidative stability beyond 5.0 V (vs Li/Li+). The significantly improved Li plating/stripping efficiency (400 cycles, 98.7%) is presented for the Li∥Cu cells equipped with GPE@FEC. Decent cycling stability is also available for the cells with the LiFePO4 cathode, reflecting the feasibility of GPE@FEC for practical LMBs with enhanced stability and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Jiao
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Jin Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Guixia Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Xuezhi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Cuimei Fu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Lina Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Yonggang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Tianxi Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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48
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Chen B, Chen Q, Xiao S, Feng J, Zhang X, Wang T. Giant negative thermopower of ionic hydrogel by synergistic coordination and hydration interactions. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabi7233. [PMID: 34818039 PMCID: PMC8612679 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abi7233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The design of ultrasensitive ionic thermopiles is important for low-grade heat collection and temperature sensing. However, high-quality ionic thermoelectric materials with negative thermopower have been rarely reported to date. Effective adjustment of the interaction between the polymer network and the electrolyte anion/cation is an important method to achieve notable thermopower. Here, we demonstrate an ionic hydrogel thermoelectric material with giant negative thermopower obtained by synergistic coordination and hydration interactions. The ionic hydrogel, made of polyvinyl alcohol and sodium hydroxide, is prepared by simple dry-annealed process and exhibits a thermopower of up to −37.61 millivolts per kelvin, an extremely high absolute thermopower for electronic and ionic conductors. This ionic hydrogel is promising for the design of high-thermopower ionic thermoelectric materials and the low-grade heat energy harvesting.
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49
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Jacob S, Delatouche B, Péré D, Ullah Khan Z, Ledoux MJ, Crispin X, Chmielowski R. High-performance flexible thermoelectric modules based on high crystal quality printed TiS 2/hexylamine. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ADVANCED MATERIALS 2021; 22:907-916. [PMID: 34867084 PMCID: PMC8635557 DOI: 10.1080/14686996.2021.1978802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Printed electronics implies the use of low-cost, scalable, printing technologies to fabricate electronic devices and circuits on flexible substrates, such as paper or plastics. The development of this new electronic is currently expanding because of the emergence of the internet-of-everything. Although lot of attention has been paid to functional inks based on organic semiconductors, another class of inks is based on nanoparticles obtained from exfoliated 2D materials, such as graphene and metal sulfides. The ultimate scientific and technological challenge is to find a strategy where the exfoliated nanoparticle flakes in the inks can, after solvent evaporation, form a solid which displays performances equal to the single crystal of the 2D material. In this context, a printed layer, formed from an ink composed of nano-flakes of TiS2 intercalated with hexylamine, which displays thermoelectric properties superior to organic intercalated TiS2 single crystals, is demonstrated for the first time. The choice of the fraction of exfoliated nano-flakes appears to be a key to the forming of a new self-organized layered material by solvent evaporation. The printed layer is an efficient n-type thermoelectric material which complements the p-type printable organic semiconductors The thermoelectric power factor of the printed TiS2/hexylamine thin films reach record values of 1460 µW m-1 K-2 at 430 K, this is considerably higher than the high value of 900 µW m-1 K-2 at 300 K reported for a single crystal. A printed thermoelectric generator based on eight legs of TiS2 confirms the high-power factor values by generating a power density of 16.0 W m-2 at ΔT = 40 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Jacob
- Department of Advanced Materials, IMRA Europe S.A.S., Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Bruno Delatouche
- Department of Advanced Materials, IMRA Europe S.A.S., Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Daniel Péré
- Department of Advanced Materials, IMRA Europe S.A.S., Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Zia Ullah Khan
- Department of Advanced Materials, IMRA Europe S.A.S., Sophia Antipolis, France
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Marc Jacques Ledoux
- Department of Advanced Materials, IMRA Europe S.A.S., Sophia Antipolis, France
- Institut de Chimie et Procédés Pour l’Energie, l’Environnement et la Santé (ICPEES), UMR 7515 CNRS/Université de Strasbourg, Schiltigheim, France
| | - Xavier Crispin
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, Norrköping, Sweden
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50
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Massetti M, Jiao F, Ferguson AJ, Zhao D, Wijeratne K, Würger A, Blackburn JL, Crispin X, Fabiano S. Unconventional Thermoelectric Materials for Energy Harvesting and Sensing Applications. Chem Rev 2021; 121:12465-12547. [PMID: 34702037 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Heat is an abundant but often wasted source of energy. Thus, harvesting just a portion of this tremendous amount of energy holds significant promise for a more sustainable society. While traditional solid-state inorganic semiconductors have dominated the research stage on thermal-to-electrical energy conversion, carbon-based semiconductors have recently attracted a great deal of attention as potential thermoelectric materials for low-temperature energy harvesting, primarily driven by the high abundance of their atomic elements, ease of processing/manufacturing, and intrinsically low thermal conductivity. This quest for new materials has resulted in the discovery of several new kinds of thermoelectric materials and concepts capable of converting a heat flux into an electrical current by means of various types of particles transporting the electric charge: (i) electrons, (ii) ions, and (iii) redox molecules. This has contributed to expanding the applications envisaged for thermoelectric materials far beyond simple conversion of heat into electricity. This is the motivation behind this review. This work is divided in three sections. In the first section, we present the basic principle of the thermoelectric effects when the particles transporting the electric charge are electrons, ions, and redox molecules and describe the conceptual differences between the three thermodiffusion phenomena. In the second section, we review the efforts made on developing devices exploiting these three effects and give a thorough understanding of what limits their performance. In the third section, we review the state-of-the-art thermoelectric materials investigated so far and provide a comprehensive understanding of what limits charge and energy transport in each of these classes of materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Massetti
- Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, SE-60174 Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Fei Jiao
- Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, SE-60174 Norrköping, Sweden.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Tianjin University & Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Andrew J Ferguson
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado, 80401 United States
| | - Dan Zhao
- Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, SE-60174 Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Kosala Wijeratne
- Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, SE-60174 Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Alois Würger
- Laboratoire Ondes et Matière d'Aquitaine, Université de Bordeaux, 351 cours de la Libération, F-33405 Talence Cedex, France
| | | | - Xavier Crispin
- Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, SE-60174 Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Simone Fabiano
- Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, SE-60174 Norrköping, Sweden
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