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Wang F, Sun H, Chen M, Feng B, Lu Y, Lyu M, Cui D, Zhai Y, Zhang Y, Zhu Y, Wang C, Wu H, Ma X, Zhu F, Wang Q, Li Y. The thalamic reticular nucleus orchestrates social memory. Neuron 2024:S0896-6273(24)00274-5. [PMID: 38701789 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2024.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Social memory has been developed in humans and other animals to recognize familiar conspecifics and is essential for their survival and reproduction. Here, we demonstrated that parvalbumin-positive neurons in the sensory thalamic reticular nucleus (sTRNPvalb) are necessary and sufficient for mice to memorize conspecifics. sTRNPvalb neurons receiving glutamatergic projections from the posterior parietal cortex (PPC) transmit individual information by inhibiting the parafascicular thalamic nucleus (PF). Mice in which the PPCCaMKII→sTRNPvalb→PF circuit was inhibited exhibited a disrupted ability to discriminate familiar conspecifics from novel ones. More strikingly, a subset of sTRNPvalb neurons with high electrophysiological excitability and complex dendritic arborizations is involved in the above corticothalamic pathway and stores social memory. Single-cell RNA sequencing revealed the biochemical basis of these subset cells as a robust activation of protein synthesis. These findings elucidate that sTRNPvalb neurons modulate social memory by coordinating a hitherto unknown corticothalamic circuit and inhibitory memory engram.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feidi Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China; Center for Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China; Shaanxi Belt and Road Joint Laboratory of Precision Medicine in Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Huan Sun
- Center for Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Mingyue Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China; Center for Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Ban Feng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Air Force Medical University (Fourth Military Medical University), Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Yu Lu
- Center for Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Mi Lyu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China; Center for Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Dongqi Cui
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China; Center for Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Yifang Zhai
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China; Center for Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Center for Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Yaomin Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Changhe Wang
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology and Core Facilities Sharing Platform, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Haitao Wu
- Department of Neurobiology, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Xiancang Ma
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China; Shaanxi Belt and Road Joint Laboratory of Precision Medicine in Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Feng Zhu
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China; Shaanxi Belt and Road Joint Laboratory of Precision Medicine in Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Yan Li
- Center for Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China; Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China; Shaanxi Belt and Road Joint Laboratory of Precision Medicine in Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China.
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Wang L, Park L, Wu W, King D, Vega-Medina A, Raven F, Martinez J, Ensing A, McDonald K, Yang Z, Jiang S, Aton SJ. Sleep-dependent engram reactivation during hippocampal memory consolidation associated with subregion-specific biosynthetic changes. iScience 2024; 27:109408. [PMID: 38523798 PMCID: PMC10957462 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Post-learning sleep is essential for hippocampal memory processing, including contextual fear memory consolidation. We labeled context-encoding engram neurons in the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) and assessed reactivation of these neurons after fear learning. Post-learning sleep deprivation (SD) selectively disrupted reactivation of inferior blade DG engram neurons, linked to SD-induced suppression of neuronal activity in the inferior, but not superior DG blade. Subregion-specific spatial profiling of transcripts revealed that transcriptomic responses to SD differed greatly between hippocampal CA1, CA3, and DG inferior blade, superior blade, and hilus. Activity-driven transcripts, and those associated with cytoskeletal remodeling, were selectively suppressed in the inferior blade. Critically, learning-driven transcriptomic changes differed dramatically between the DG blades and were absent from all other regions. Together, these data suggest that the DG is critical for sleep-dependent memory consolidation, and that the effects of sleep loss on the hippocampus are highly subregion-specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijing Wang
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Lauren Park
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Weisheng Wu
- Bioinformatics Core, Biomedical Research Core Facilities, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Dana King
- Bioinformatics Core, Biomedical Research Core Facilities, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Alexis Vega-Medina
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Frank Raven
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jessy Martinez
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Amy Ensing
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Katherine McDonald
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Zhongying Yang
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Sha Jiang
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Sara J. Aton
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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3
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Abstract
The recent emergence of reprogramming technologies to convert brain cell types or epigenetically alter neurons and neural progenitors in vivo and in situ hold significant promises in brain repair and neuronal aging reversal. However, given the significant epigenetic and transcriptomic changes to components of the existing neuronal cells and network, we question if these reprogramming technology might inadvertently alter or erase memory engrams, conceivably resulting in changes in narrative identity or personality. We suggest that the nature of these alterations might be less predictable compared to memory and personality changes known to be associated with diseases, drugs or brain stimulation therapies. While research in applying reprogramming technologies to neurological ailments and aging should continue, more targeted analyses should be put in place in animal experiments to gauge the severity and degree of memory alterations, and appropriate risk and benefit analyses should be conducted before these technologies move into human trials.
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Jovasevic V, Wood EM, Cicvaric A, Zhang H, Petrovic Z, Carboncino A, Parker KK, Bassett TE, Moltesen M, Yamawaki N, Login H, Kalucka J, Sananbenesi F, Zhang X, Fischer A, Radulovic J. Formation of memory assemblies through the DNA-sensing TLR9 pathway. Nature 2024; 628:145-153. [PMID: 38538785 PMCID: PMC10990941 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07220-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
As hippocampal neurons respond to diverse types of information1, a subset assembles into microcircuits representing a memory2. Those neurons typically undergo energy-intensive molecular adaptations, occasionally resulting in transient DNA damage3-5. Here we found discrete clusters of excitatory hippocampal CA1 neurons with persistent double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) breaks, nuclear envelope ruptures and perinuclear release of histone and dsDNA fragments hours after learning. Following these early events, some neurons acquired an inflammatory phenotype involving activation of TLR9 signalling and accumulation of centrosomal DNA damage repair complexes6. Neuron-specific knockdown of Tlr9 impaired memory while blunting contextual fear conditioning-induced changes of gene expression in specific clusters of excitatory CA1 neurons. Notably, TLR9 had an essential role in centrosome function, including DNA damage repair, ciliogenesis and build-up of perineuronal nets. We demonstrate a novel cascade of learning-induced molecular events in discrete neuronal clusters undergoing dsDNA damage and TLR9-mediated repair, resulting in their recruitment to memory circuits. With compromised TLR9 function, this fundamental memory mechanism becomes a gateway to genomic instability and cognitive impairments implicated in accelerated senescence, psychiatric disorders and neurodegenerative disorders. Maintaining the integrity of TLR9 inflammatory signalling thus emerges as a promising preventive strategy for neurocognitive deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Jovasevic
- Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Wood
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Ana Cicvaric
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Hui Zhang
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Zorica Petrovic
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Anna Carboncino
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Kendra K Parker
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Thomas E Bassett
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Maria Moltesen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- PROMEMO, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- DANDRITE, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Naoki Yamawaki
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- PROMEMO, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- DANDRITE, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Hande Login
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- PROMEMO, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- DANDRITE, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Joanna Kalucka
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- PROMEMO, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- DANDRITE, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Farahnaz Sananbenesi
- Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence MBExC, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Xusheng Zhang
- Computational Genomics Core, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Andre Fischer
- Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence MBExC, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jelena Radulovic
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
- PROMEMO, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
- DANDRITE, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Psychiatry Research Institute Montefiore Einstein (PRIME), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
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5
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Sun W, Liu Z, Jiang X, Chen MB, Dong H, Liu J, Südhof TC, Quake SR. Spatial transcriptomics reveal neuron-astrocyte synergy in long-term memory. Nature 2024; 627:374-381. [PMID: 38326616 PMCID: PMC10937396 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-07011-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Memory encodes past experiences, thereby enabling future plans. The basolateral amygdala is a centre of salience networks that underlie emotional experiences and thus has a key role in long-term fear memory formation1. Here we used spatial and single-cell transcriptomics to illuminate the cellular and molecular architecture of the role of the basolateral amygdala in long-term memory. We identified transcriptional signatures in subpopulations of neurons and astrocytes that were memory-specific and persisted for weeks. These transcriptional signatures implicate neuropeptide and BDNF signalling, MAPK and CREB activation, ubiquitination pathways, and synaptic connectivity as key components of long-term memory. Notably, upon long-term memory formation, a neuronal subpopulation defined by increased Penk and decreased Tac expression constituted the most prominent component of the memory engram of the basolateral amygdala. These transcriptional changes were observed both with single-cell RNA sequencing and with single-molecule spatial transcriptomics in intact slices, thereby providing a rich spatial map of a memory engram. The spatial data enabled us to determine that this neuronal subpopulation interacts with adjacent astrocytes, and functional experiments show that neurons require interactions with astrocytes to encode long-term memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenfei Sun
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Zhihui Liu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Xian Jiang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Michelle B Chen
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Hua Dong
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan Liu
- Chan Zuckerberg Initiative, Redwood City, CA, USA
| | - Thomas C Südhof
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Stephen R Quake
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Chan Zuckerberg Initiative, Redwood City, CA, USA.
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Mortessagne P, Cartier E, Balia M, Fèvre M, Corailler F, Herry C, Abrous DN, Battefeld A, Pacary E. Genetic labeling of embryonically-born dentate granule neurons in young mice using the Penk Cre mouse line. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5022. [PMID: 38424161 PMCID: PMC10904803 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55299-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus is a mosaic of dentate granule neurons (DGNs) accumulated throughout life. While many studies focused on the morpho-functional properties of adult-born DGNs, much less is known about DGNs generated during development, and in particular those born during embryogenesis. One of the main reasons for this gap is the lack of methods available to specifically label and manipulate embryonically-born DGNs. Here, we have assessed the relevance of the PenkCre mouse line as a genetic model to target this embryonically-born population. In young animals, PenkCre expression allows to tag neurons in the DG with positional, morphological and electrophysiological properties characteristic of DGNs born during the embryonic period. In addition, PenkCre+ cells in the DG are distributed in both blades along the entire septo-temporal axis. This model thus offers new possibilities to explore the functions of this underexplored population of embryonically-born DGNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Mortessagne
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, 33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Estelle Cartier
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, 33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Maddalena Balia
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, IMN, UMR 5293, 33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Murielle Fèvre
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, 33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Fiona Corailler
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, 33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Cyril Herry
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, 33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Djoher Nora Abrous
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, 33000, Bordeaux, France.
| | - Arne Battefeld
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, IMN, UMR 5293, 33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Emilie Pacary
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, 33000, Bordeaux, France.
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Vingan I, Phatarpekar S, Tung VSK, Hernández AI, Evgrafov OV, Alarcon JM. Spatially Resolved Transcriptomic Signatures of Hippocampal Subregions and Arc-Expressing Ensembles in Active Place Avoidance Memory. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.12.30.573225. [PMID: 38260257 PMCID: PMC10802250 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.30.573225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
The rodent hippocampus is a spatially organized neuronal network that supports the formation of spatial and episodic memories. We conducted bulk RNA sequencing and spatial transcriptomics experiments to measure gene expression changes in the dorsal hippocampus following the recall of active place avoidance (APA) memory. Through bulk RNA sequencing, we examined the gene expression changes following memory recall across the functionally distinct subregions of the dorsal hippocampus. We found that recall induced differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the CA1 and CA3 hippocampal subregions were enriched with genes involved in synaptic transmission and synaptic plasticity, while DEGs in the dentate gyrus (DG) were enriched with genes involved in energy balance and ribosomal function. Through spatial transcriptomics, we examined gene expression changes following memory recall across an array of spots encompassing putative memory-associated neuronal ensembles marked by the expression of the IEGs Arc, Egr1, and c-Jun. Within samples from both trained and untrained mice, the subpopulations of spatial transcriptomic spots marked by these IEGs were transcriptomically and spatially distinct from one another. DEGs detected between Arc+ and Arc- spots exclusively in the trained mouse were enriched in several memory-related gene ontology terms, including "regulation of synaptic plasticity" and "memory." Our results suggest that APA memory recall is supported by regionalized transcriptomic profiles separating the CA1 and CA3 from the DG, transcriptionally and spatially distinct IEG expressing spatial transcriptomic spots, and biological processes related to synaptic plasticity as a defining the difference between Arc+ and Arc- spatial transcriptomic spots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Vingan
- School of Graduates Studies, Program in Neural and Behavioral Sciences, State University of New York, Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Shwetha Phatarpekar
- Institute of Genomics in Health, State University of New York, Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Victoria Sook Keng Tung
- School of Graduates Studies, Program in Molecular and Cell Biology, State University of New York, Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - A Iván Hernández
- School of Graduates Studies, Program in Neural and Behavioral Sciences, State University of New York, Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology, State University of New York, Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
- The Robert F. Furchgott Center for Neural & Behavioral Science, State University of New York, Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Oleg V Evgrafov
- Institute of Genomics in Health, State University of New York, Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
- School of Graduates Studies, Program in Molecular and Cell Biology, State University of New York, Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, State University of New York, Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
- Department of Genetics, Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Juan Marcos Alarcon
- School of Graduates Studies, Program in Neural and Behavioral Sciences, State University of New York, Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology, State University of New York, Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
- The Robert F. Furchgott Center for Neural & Behavioral Science, State University of New York, Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
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Zou RX, Gu X, Huang C, Wang HL, Chen XT. Chronic Pb exposure impairs learning and memory abilities by inhibiting excitatory projection neuro-circuit of the hippocampus in mice. Toxicology 2024; 502:153717. [PMID: 38160928 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2023.153717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) is an environmental neurotoxic metal. Chronic Pb exposure causes behavioral changes in humans and rodents, such as dysfunctional learning and memory. Nevertheless, it is not clear whether Pb exposure disrupts the neural circuit. Thus, here we aim at investigating the effects the chronic Pb exposure on neural-behavioral and neural circuits in mice from prenatal to postnatal day (PND) 63. Pregnant mice and their male offspring were treated with Pb (150 ppm) until postnatal day 63. In this study, several behavior tests and Golgi-Cox staining methods were used to assess spatial memory ability and synaptogenesis. Virus-based tracing systems and immunohistochemistry assays were used to test the relevance of chronic Pb exposure with disrupted neural circuits. The behavioral experiments and Golgi-Cox staining results showed that Pb exposure impaired spatial memory and spine density in mice. The virus tracing results revealed that the Entorhinal cortex (EC) neurons could be directly projected to Cornuammonis 1 (CA1) and Dentate gyrus (DG), forming a critical circuit inhibited, in either a direct or indirect way, by Pb invasion. In addition, excitatory neural input from EC(labeled with CaMKII)to CA1 and DG was significantly attenuated by Pb exposure. In conclusion, our data indicated that Pb significantly impaired the excitatory connections from EC to the hippocampus (CA1 and DG), providing a novel neuro-circuitry basis for Pb neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong-Xin Zou
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230012, PR China
| | - Xiaozhen Gu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, PR China
| | - Chenqing Huang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, PR China
| | - Hui-Li Wang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, PR China.
| | - Xiang-Tao Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, PR China.
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9
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Satchell M, Fry B, Noureddine Z, Simmons A, Ognjanovski NN, Aton SJ, Zochowski MR. Neuromodulation via muscarinic acetylcholine pathway can facilitate distinct, complementary, and sequential roles for NREM and REM states during sleep-dependent memory consolidation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.05.19.541465. [PMID: 38293183 PMCID: PMC10827095 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.19.541465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Across vertebrate species, sleep consists of repeating cycles of NREM followed by REM. However, the respective functions of NREM, REM, and their stereotypic cycling pattern are not well understood. Using a simplified biophysical network model, we show that NREM and REM sleep can play differential and critical roles in memory consolidation primarily regulated, based on state-specific changes in cholinergic signaling. Within this network, decreasing and increasing muscarinic acetylcholine (ACh) signaling during bouts of NREM and REM, respectively, differentially alters neuronal excitability and excitatory/inhibitory balance. During NREM, deactivation of inhibitory neurons leads to network-wide disinhibition and bursts of synchronized activity led by firing in engram neurons. These features strengthen connections from the original engram neurons to less-active network neurons. In contrast, during REM, an increase in network inhibition suppresses firing in all but the most-active excitatory neurons, leading to competitive strengthening/pruning of the memory trace. We tested the predictions of the model against in vivo recordings from mouse hippocampus during active sleep-dependent memory storage. Consistent with modeling results, we find that functional connectivity between CA1 neurons changes differentially at transition from NREM to REM sleep during learning. Returning to the model, we find that an iterative sequence of state-specific activations during NREM/REM cycling is essential for memory storage in the network, serving a critical role during simultaneous consolidation of multiple memories. Together these results provide a testable mechanistic hypothesis for the respective roles of NREM and REM sleep, and their universal relative timing, in memory consolidation. Significance statement Using a simplified computational model and in vivo recordings from mouse hippocampus, we show that NREM and REM sleep can play differential roles in memory consolidation. The specific neurophysiological features of the two sleep states allow for expansion of memory traces (during NREM) and prevention of overlap between different memory traces (during REM). These features are likely essential in the context of storing more than one new memory simultaneously within a brain network.
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10
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Pang B, Wu X, Chen H, Yan Y, Du Z, Yu Z, Yang X, Wang W, Lu K. Exploring the memory: existing activity-dependent tools to tag and manipulate engram cells. Front Cell Neurosci 2024; 17:1279032. [PMID: 38259503 PMCID: PMC10800721 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1279032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The theory of engrams, proposed several years ago, is highly crucial to understanding the progress of memory. Although it significantly contributes to identifying new treatments for cognitive disorders, it is limited by a lack of technology. Several scientists have attempted to validate this theory but failed. With the increasing availability of activity-dependent tools, several researchers have found traces of engram cells. Activity-dependent tools are based on the mechanisms underlying neuronal activity and use a combination of emerging molecular biological and genetic technology. Scientists have used these tools to tag and manipulate engram neurons and identified numerous internal connections between engram neurons and memory. In this review, we provide the background, principles, and selected examples of applications of existing activity-dependent tools. Using a combination of traditional definitions and concepts of engram cells, we discuss the applications and limitations of these tools and propose certain developmental directions to further explore the functions of engram cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Pang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wu
- The First Clinical Medical College, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hailun Chen
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiwen Yan
- School of Basic Medicine Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zibo Du
- The First Clinical Medical College, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zihan Yu
- School of Basic Medicine Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiai Yang
- Department of Neurology, Ankang Central Hospital, Ankang, China
| | - Wanshan Wang
- Laboratory Animal Management Center, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangzhou Southern Medical Laboratory Animal Sci. and Tech. Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, China
| | - Kangrong Lu
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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11
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Hochgerner H, Singh S, Tibi M, Lin Z, Skarbianskis N, Admati I, Ophir O, Reinhardt N, Netser S, Wagner S, Zeisel A. Neuronal types in the mouse amygdala and their transcriptional response to fear conditioning. Nat Neurosci 2023; 26:2237-2249. [PMID: 37884748 PMCID: PMC10689239 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-023-01469-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
The amygdala is a brain region primarily associated with emotional response. The use of genetic markers and single-cell transcriptomics can provide insights into behavior-associated cell state changes. Here we present a detailed cell-type taxonomy of the adult mouse amygdala during fear learning and memory consolidation. We perform single-cell RNA sequencing on naïve and fear-conditioned mice, identify 130 neuronal cell types and validate their spatial distributions. A subset of all neuronal types is transcriptionally responsive to fear learning and memory retrieval. The activated engram cells upregulate activity-response genes and coordinate the expression of genes associated with neurite outgrowth, synaptic signaling, plasticity and development. We identify known and previously undescribed candidate genes responsive to fear learning. Our molecular atlas may be used to generate hypotheses to unveil the neuron types and neural circuits regulating the emotional component of learning and memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Hochgerner
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Shelly Singh
- Sagol Department of Neurobiology, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Muhammad Tibi
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Zhige Lin
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Niv Skarbianskis
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Inbal Admati
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Osnat Ophir
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Nuphar Reinhardt
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Shai Netser
- Sagol Department of Neurobiology, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Shlomo Wagner
- Sagol Department of Neurobiology, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Amit Zeisel
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.
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12
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Bellfy L, Smies CW, Bernhardt AR, Bodinayake KK, Sebastian A, Stuart EM, Wright DS, Lo CY, Murakami S, Boyd HM, von Abo MJ, Albert I, Kwapis JL. The clock gene Per1 may exert diurnal control over hippocampal memory consolidation. Neuropsychopharmacology 2023; 48:1789-1797. [PMID: 37264172 PMCID: PMC10579262 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-023-01616-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The circadian system influences many different biological processes, including memory performance. While the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) functions as the brain's central pacemaker, downstream "satellite clocks" may also regulate local functions based on the time of day. Within the dorsal hippocampus (DH), for example, local molecular oscillations may contribute to time-of-day effects on memory. Here, we used the hippocampus-dependent Object Location Memory task to determine how memory is regulated across the day/night cycle in mice. First, we systematically determined which phase of memory (acquisition, consolidation, or retrieval) is modulated across the 24 h day. We found that mice show better long-term memory performance during the day than at night, an effect that was specifically attributed to diurnal changes in memory consolidation, as neither memory acquisition nor memory retrieval fluctuated across the day/night cycle. Using RNA-sequencing we identified the circadian clock gene Period1 (Per1) as a key mechanism capable of supporting this diurnal fluctuation in memory consolidation, as learning-induced Per1 oscillates in tandem with memory performance in the hippocampus. We then show that local knockdown of Per1 within the DH impairs spatial memory without affecting either the circadian rhythm or sleep behavior. Thus, Per1 may independently function within the DH to regulate memory in addition to its known role in regulating the circadian system within the SCN. Per1 may therefore exert local diurnal control over memory consolidation within the DH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Bellfy
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Chad W Smies
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Alicia R Bernhardt
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Kasuni K Bodinayake
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Aswathy Sebastian
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Emily M Stuart
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Destiny S Wright
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Chen-Yu Lo
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Shoko Murakami
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Hannah M Boyd
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Megan J von Abo
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Istvan Albert
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Janine L Kwapis
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
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13
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Jeanneteau F. Fast signaling by glucocorticoids shapes neural representations of behaviors. Steroids 2023; 199:109294. [PMID: 37549777 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2023.109294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids are stress hormones that play central roles in the immediate and slower adaptive responses of the brain and body to new behavioral experience. The exact mechanisms by which the rapid and slow processes underlying glucocorticoid mnemonic effects unfold are under intensive scrutiny. It is possible that glucocorticoids rapidly modify memory representations in the brain by interfering with synaptic functions between inhibitory and excitatory neurons in a timing and context dependent manner. In particular, activity-dependent trans-synaptic messengers appear to have all the necessary attributes to engage in the rapid signaling by glucocorticoids and regulate the brain and behaviors. Novel frameworks for the treatment of stress-related disorders could emerge from a better characterization of the dynamic interplay between the rapid and slow signaling components by glucocorticoids on large-scale brain networks. Here I present some of the exact factors that could help reach this objective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Freddy Jeanneteau
- Institut de génomique fonctionnelle , Université de Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, 141 rue de la Cardonille, 34090, Montpellier, France.
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14
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Højgaard K, Szöllősi B, Henningsen K, Minami N, Nakanishi N, Kaadt E, Tamura M, Morris RGM, Takeuchi T, Elfving B. Novelty-induced memory consolidation is accompanied by increased Agap3 transcription: a cross-species study. Mol Brain 2023; 16:69. [PMID: 37749596 PMCID: PMC10521532 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-023-01056-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Novelty-induced memory consolidation is a well-established phenomenon that depends on the activation of a locus coeruleus-hippocampal circuit. It is associated with the expression of activity-dependent genes that may mediate initial or cellular memory consolidation. Several genes have been identified to date, however, to fully understand the mechanisms of memory consolidation, additional candidates must be identified. In this cross-species study, we used a contextual novelty-exploration paradigm to identify changes in gene expression in the dorsal hippocampus of both mice and rats. We found that changes in gene expression following contextual novelty varied between the two species, with 9 genes being upregulated in mice and 3 genes in rats. Comparison across species revealed that ArfGAP with a GTPase domain, an ankyrin repeat and PH domain 3 (Agap3) was the only gene being upregulated in both, suggesting a potentially conserved role for Agap3. AGAP3 is known to regulate α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA)-type glutamate receptor trafficking in the synapse, which suggests that increased transcription of Agap3 may be involved in maintaining functional plasticity. While we identified several genes affected by contextual novelty exploration, we were unable to fully reverse these changes using SCH 23390, a dopamine D1/D5 receptor antagonist. Further research on the role of AGAP3 in novelty-induced memory consolidation could lead to better understanding of this process and guide future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristoffer Højgaard
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus N, DK8200, Denmark
- Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience - DANDRITE, Nordic-EMBL Partnership for Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, DK8000, Denmark
| | - Bianka Szöllősi
- Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience - DANDRITE, Nordic-EMBL Partnership for Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, DK8000, Denmark
| | - Kim Henningsen
- Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience - DANDRITE, Nordic-EMBL Partnership for Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, DK8000, Denmark
| | - Natsumi Minami
- Neuroscience Research Unit, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Kanagawa, 227-0033, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Nakanishi
- Data Science Department, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Kanagawa, 227-0033, Japan
| | - Erik Kaadt
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus N, DK8200, Denmark
| | - Makoto Tamura
- Neuroscience Research Unit, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Kanagawa, 227-0033, Japan
- NeuroDiscovery Lab, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Holdings America Inc, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Richard G M Morris
- Laboratory for Cognitive Neuroscience, Edinburgh Neuroscience, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Tomonori Takeuchi
- Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience - DANDRITE, Nordic-EMBL Partnership for Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, DK8000, Denmark.
- Center for Proteins in Memory - PROMEMO, Department of Biomedicine, Danish National Research Foundation, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, DK8000, Denmark.
- Gftd DeSci, Gftd DAO, Tokyo, 162-0044, Japan.
| | - Betina Elfving
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus N, DK8200, Denmark.
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15
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Dautle M, Zhang S, Chen Y. scTIGER: A Deep-Learning Method for Inferring Gene Regulatory Networks from Case versus Control scRNA-seq Datasets. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13339. [PMID: 37686146 PMCID: PMC10488287 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Inferring gene regulatory networks (GRNs) from single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) data is an important computational question to find regulatory mechanisms involved in fundamental cellular processes. Although many computational methods have been designed to predict GRNs from scRNA-seq data, they usually have high false positive rates and none infer GRNs by directly using the paired datasets of case-versus-control experiments. Here we present a novel deep-learning-based method, named scTIGER, for GRN detection by using the co-differential relationships of gene expression profiles in paired scRNA-seq datasets. scTIGER employs cell-type-based pseudotiming, an attention-based convolutional neural network method and permutation-based significance testing for inferring GRNs among gene modules. As state-of-the-art applications, we first applied scTIGER to scRNA-seq datasets of prostate cancer cells, and successfully identified the dynamic regulatory networks of AR, ERG, PTEN and ATF3 for same-cell type between prostatic cancerous and normal conditions, and two-cell types within the prostatic cancerous environment. We then applied scTIGER to scRNA-seq data from neurons with and without fear memory and detected specific regulatory networks for BDNF, CREB1 and MAPK4. Additionally, scTIGER demonstrates robustness against high levels of dropout noise in scRNA-seq data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison Dautle
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA;
| | - Shaoqiang Zhang
- College of Computer and Information Engineering, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Yong Chen
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA;
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16
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Gebicke-Haerter PJ. The computational power of the human brain. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1220030. [PMID: 37608987 PMCID: PMC10441807 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1220030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
At the end of the 20th century, analog systems in computer science have been widely replaced by digital systems due to their higher computing power. Nevertheless, the question keeps being intriguing until now: is the brain analog or digital? Initially, the latter has been favored, considering it as a Turing machine that works like a digital computer. However, more recently, digital and analog processes have been combined to implant human behavior in robots, endowing them with artificial intelligence (AI). Therefore, we think it is timely to compare mathematical models with the biology of computation in the brain. To this end, digital and analog processes clearly identified in cellular and molecular interactions in the Central Nervous System are highlighted. But above that, we try to pinpoint reasons distinguishing in silico computation from salient features of biological computation. First, genuinely analog information processing has been observed in electrical synapses and through gap junctions, the latter both in neurons and astrocytes. Apparently opposed to that, neuronal action potentials (APs) or spikes represent clearly digital events, like the yes/no or 1/0 of a Turing machine. However, spikes are rarely uniform, but can vary in amplitude and widths, which has significant, differential effects on transmitter release at the presynaptic terminal, where notwithstanding the quantal (vesicular) release itself is digital. Conversely, at the dendritic site of the postsynaptic neuron, there are numerous analog events of computation. Moreover, synaptic transmission of information is not only neuronal, but heavily influenced by astrocytes tightly ensheathing the majority of synapses in brain (tripartite synapse). At least at this point, LTP and LTD modifying synaptic plasticity and believed to induce short and long-term memory processes including consolidation (equivalent to RAM and ROM in electronic devices) have to be discussed. The present knowledge of how the brain stores and retrieves memories includes a variety of options (e.g., neuronal network oscillations, engram cells, astrocytic syncytium). Also epigenetic features play crucial roles in memory formation and its consolidation, which necessarily guides to molecular events like gene transcription and translation. In conclusion, brain computation is not only digital or analog, or a combination of both, but encompasses features in parallel, and of higher orders of complexity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J. Gebicke-Haerter
- Institute of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
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17
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Guskjolen A, Cembrowski MS. Engram neurons: Encoding, consolidation, retrieval, and forgetting of memory. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:3207-3219. [PMID: 37369721 PMCID: PMC10618102 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02137-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Tremendous strides have been made in our understanding of the neurobiological substrates of memory - the so-called memory "engram". Here, we integrate recent progress in the engram field to illustrate how engram neurons transform across the "lifespan" of a memory - from initial memory encoding, to consolidation and retrieval, and ultimately to forgetting. To do so, we first describe how cell-intrinsic properties shape the initial emergence of the engram at memory encoding. Second, we highlight how these encoding neurons preferentially participate in synaptic- and systems-level consolidation of memory. Third, we describe how these changes during encoding and consolidation guide neural reactivation during retrieval, and facilitate memory recall. Fourth, we describe neurobiological mechanisms of forgetting, and how these mechanisms can counteract engram properties established during memory encoding, consolidation, and retrieval. Motivated by recent experimental results across these four sections, we conclude by proposing some conceptual extensions to the traditional view of the engram, including broadening the view of cell-type participation within engrams and across memory stages. In collection, our review synthesizes general principles of the engram across memory stages, and describes future avenues to further understand the dynamic engram.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel Guskjolen
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| | - Mark S Cembrowski
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
- Department of Mathematics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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18
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Brosens N, Lesuis SL, Bassie I, Reyes L, Gajadien P, Lucassen PJ, Krugers HJ. Elevated corticosterone after fear learning impairs remote auditory memory retrieval and alters brain network connectivity. Learn Mem 2023; 30:125-132. [PMID: 37487708 PMCID: PMC10519398 DOI: 10.1101/lm.053836.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids are potent memory modulators that can modify behavior in an adaptive or maladaptive manner. Elevated glucocorticoid levels after learning promote memory consolidation at recent time points, but their effects on remote time points are not well established. Here we set out to assess whether corticosterone (CORT) given after learning modifies remote fear memory. To that end, mice were exposed to a mild auditory fear conditioning paradigm followed by a single 2 mg/kg CORT injection, and after 28 d, auditory memory was assessed. Neuronal activation was investigated using immunohistochemistry for the immediate early gene c-Fos, and coactivation of brain regions was determined using a correlation matrix analysis. CORT-treated mice displayed significantly less remote auditory memory retrieval. While the net activity of studied brain regions was similar compared with the control condition, CORT-induced remote memory impairment was associated with altered correlated activity between brain regions. Specifically, connectivity of the lateral amygdala with the basal amygdala and the dorsal dentate gyrus was significantly reduced in CORT-treated mice, suggesting disrupted network connectivity that may underlie diminished remote memory retrieval. Elucidating the pathways underlying these effects could help provide mechanistic insight into the effects of stress on memory and possibly provide therapeutic targets for psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niek Brosens
- Brain Plasticity Group, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences (SILS)-Cognitive and Systems Neuroscience (CNS), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1098 XH, the Netherlands
| | - Sylvie L Lesuis
- Program in Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Ilse Bassie
- Brain Plasticity Group, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences (SILS)-Cognitive and Systems Neuroscience (CNS), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1098 XH, the Netherlands
| | - Lara Reyes
- Brain Plasticity Group, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences (SILS)-Cognitive and Systems Neuroscience (CNS), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1098 XH, the Netherlands
| | - Priya Gajadien
- Brain Plasticity Group, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences (SILS)-Cognitive and Systems Neuroscience (CNS), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1098 XH, the Netherlands
| | - Paul J Lucassen
- Brain Plasticity Group, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences (SILS)-Cognitive and Systems Neuroscience (CNS), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1098 XH, the Netherlands
| | - Harm J Krugers
- Brain Plasticity Group, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences (SILS)-Cognitive and Systems Neuroscience (CNS), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1098 XH, the Netherlands
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19
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Ko B, Yoo JY, Yoo T, Choi W, Dogan R, Sung K, Um D, Lee SB, Kim HJ, Lee S, Beak ST, Park SK, Paik SB, Kim TK, Kim JH. Npas4-mediated dopaminergic regulation of safety memory consolidation. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112678. [PMID: 37379214 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Amygdala circuitry encodes associations between conditioned stimuli and aversive unconditioned stimuli and also controls fear expression. However, whether and how non-threatening information for unpaired conditioned stimuli (CS-) is discretely processed remains unknown. The fear expression toward CS- is robust immediately after fear conditioning but then becomes negligible after memory consolidation. The synaptic plasticity of the neural pathway from the lateral to the anterior basal amygdala gates the fear expression of CS-, depending upon neuronal PAS domain protein 4 (Npas4)-mediated dopamine receptor D4 (Drd4) synthesis, which is precluded by stress exposure or corticosterone injection. Herein, we show cellular and molecular mechanisms that regulate the non-threatening (safety) memory consolidation, supporting the fear discrimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- BumJin Ko
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Yeon Yoo
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Taesik Yoo
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Woochul Choi
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Rumeysa Dogan
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Kibong Sung
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Dahun Um
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Been Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jin Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangjun Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Tae Beak
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea; Institute of Convergence Science, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Ki Park
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea; Institute of Convergence Science, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Bum Paik
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Kyung Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea; Institute of Convergence Science, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Joung-Hun Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea; Institute of Convergence Science, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
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20
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Kenna M, Marek R, Sah P. Insights into the encoding of memories through the circuitry of fear. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2023; 80:102712. [PMID: 37003106 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2023.102712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Associative learning induces physical changes to a network of cells, known as the memory engram. Fear is widely used as a model to understand the circuit motifs that underpin associative memories. Recent advances suggest that the distinct circuitry engaged by different conditioned stimuli (e.g. tone vs. context) can provide insights into what information is being encoded in the fear engram. Moreover, as the fear memory matures, the circuitry engaged indicates how information is remodelled after learning and hints at potential mechanisms for consolidation. Finally, we propose that the consolidation of fear memories involves plasticity of engram cells through coordinated activity between brain regions, and the inherent characteristics of the circuitry may mediate this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Kenna
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Roger Marek
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Pankaj Sah
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia.
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21
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Single cell molecular alterations reveal target cells and pathways of conditioned fear memory. Brain Res 2023; 1807:148309. [PMID: 36870465 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2023.148309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Recent evidence indicates that hippocampus is important for conditioned fear memory (CFM). Though few studies consider the roles of various cell types' contribution to such a process, as well as the accompanying transcriptome changes during this process. The purpose of this study was to explore the transcriptional regulatory genes and the targeted cells that are altered by CFM reconsolidation. METHODS A fear conditioning experiment was established on adult male C57 mice, after day 3 tone-cued CFM reconsolidation test, hippocampus cells were dissociated. Using single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) technique, alterations of transcriptional genes expression were detected and cell cluster analysis were performed and compared with those in sham group. RESULTS Seven non-neuronal and eight neuronal cell clusters (including four known neurons and four newly identified neuronal subtypes) has been explored. Among them, CA subtype 1 has characteristic gene markers of Ttr and Ptgds, which is speculated to be the outcome of acute stress and promotes the production of CFM. The results of KEGG pathway enrichment indicate the differences in the expression of certain molecular protein functional subunits in long-term potentiation (LTP) pathway between two types of neurons (DG and CA1) and astrocytes, thus providing a new transcriptional perspective for the role of hippocampus in the CFM reconsolidation. More importantly, the correlation between the reconsolidation of CFM and neurodegenerative diseases-linked genes is substantiated by the results from cell-cell interactions and KEGG pathway enrichment. Further analysis shows that the reconsolidation of CFM inhibits the risk-factor genes App and ApoE in Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and activates the protective gene Lrp1. CONCLUSIONS This study reports the transcriptional genes expression changes of hippocampal cells driven by CFM, which confirm the involvement of LTP pathway and suggest the possibility of CFM-like behavior in preventing AD. However, the current research is limited to normal C57 mice, and further studies on AD model mice are needed to prove this preliminary conclusion.
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22
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Santos TB, Kramer-Soares JC, Oliveira MGM. Contextual fear conditioning with a time interval induces CREB phosphorylation in the dorsal hippocampus and amygdala nuclei that depend on prelimbic cortex activity. Hippocampus 2023. [PMID: 36847108 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.23516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
In temporal associations, a conditioned stimulus (CS) is separated by a time interval from the unconditioned stimulus (US), which activates the prelimbic cortex (PL) to maintain a CS representation over time. However, it is unknown whether the PL participates, besides the encoding, in the memory consolidation, and thus directly, with activity-dependent changes or indirectly, by modulation of activity-dependent changes in other brain regions. We investigated brain regions supporting the consolidation of associations with intervals and the influence of PL activity in this consolidation process. For this, we observed in Wistar rats the effect of pre-training PL inactivation by muscimol in CREB (cAMP response element-binding protein) phosphorylation, which is essential for memory consolidation, in subdivisions of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), hippocampus, and amygdala 3 h after the training in the contextual fear conditioning (CFC) or CFC with 5-s interval (CFC-5s), fear associations without or with an interval between the CS and US, respectively. Both the CFC-5s and CFC training increased phosphorylation of CREB in the PL and infralimbic cortex (IL); lateral (LA) and basolateral (BLA) amygdala; dorsal CA1 (dCA1); dorsal (dDG), and ventral dentate gyrus, and the CFC-5s training in the central amygdala (CEA). PL activity was necessary for the CREB phosphorylation in the PL, BLA, CEA, dCA1, and dDG only in animals trained in the CFC-5s. The cingulate cortex, ventral CA1, and ventral subiculum did not have learning-induced phosphorylation of CREB. These results suggest that the mPFC, hippocampus, and amygdala support the consolidation of associations with or without intervals and that PL activity influences consolidation in the dorsal hippocampus and amygdala in temporal associations. Thereby, the PL contributes directly and indirectly by modulation to memory consolidation. The time interval engaged the PL early in recent memory consolidation. Results expanded PL's role beyond the time interval and remote memory consolidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thays Brenner Santos
- Departamento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana Carlota Kramer-Soares
- Departamento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil.,Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul - UNICSUL, São Paulo, Brazil
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23
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Murthy BKB, Somatakis S, Ulivi AF, Klimmt H, Castello-Waldow TP, Haynes N, Huettl RE, Chen A, Attardo A. Arc-driven mGRASP highlights CA1 to CA3 synaptic engrams. Front Behav Neurosci 2023; 16:1072571. [PMID: 36793796 PMCID: PMC9924068 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.1072571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Subpopulations of neurons display increased activity during memory encoding and manipulating the activity of these neurons can induce artificial formation or erasure of memories. Thus, these neurons are thought to be cellular engrams. Moreover, correlated activity between pre- and postsynaptic engram neurons is thought to lead to strengthening of their synaptic connections, thus increasing the probability of neural activity patterns occurring during encoding to reoccur at recall. Therefore, synapses between engram neurons can also be considered as a substrate of memory, or a synaptic engram. One can label synaptic engrams by targeting two complementary, non-fluorescent, synapse-targeted GFP fragments separately to the pre- and postsynaptic compartment of engram neurons; the two GFP fragments reconstitute a fluorescent GFP at the synaptic cleft between the engram neurons, thereby highlighting synaptic engrams. In this work we explored a transsynaptic GFP reconstitution system (mGRASP) to label synaptic engrams between hippocampal CA1 and CA3 engram neurons identified by different Immediate-Early Genes: cFos and Arc. We characterized the expression of the cellular and synaptic labels of the mGRASP system upon exposure to a novel environment or learning of a hippocampal-dependent memory task. We found that mGRASP under the control of transgenic ArcCreERT2 labeled synaptic engrams more efficiently than when controlled by viral cFostTA, possibly due to differences in the genetic systems rather than the specific IEG promoters.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. K. B. Murthy
- Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany,Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences, Munich, Germany,Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - S. Somatakis
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - A. F. Ulivi
- Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany,Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - H. Klimmt
- Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany,Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany,International Max Planck Research School for Translational Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | | | - N. Haynes
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - R. E. Huettl
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - A. Chen
- Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences, Munich, Germany,Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany,International Max Planck Research School for Translational Psychiatry, Munich, Germany,Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Alessio Attardo
- Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany,Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences, Munich, Germany,Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany,International Max Planck Research School for Translational Psychiatry, Munich, Germany,*Correspondence: Alessio Attardo,
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24
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Carazo-Arias E, Nguyen PT, Kass M, Jee HJ, Nautiyal KM, Magalong V, Coie L, Andreu V, Gergues MM, Khalil H, Akil H, Arcego DM, Meaney M, Anacker C, Samuels BA, Pintar JE, Morozova I, Kalachikov S, Hen R. Contribution of the Opioid System to the Antidepressant Effects of Fluoxetine. Biol Psychiatry 2022; 92:952-963. [PMID: 35977861 PMCID: PMC10426813 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2022.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors such as fluoxetine have a limited treatment efficacy. The mechanism by which some patients respond to fluoxetine while others do not remains poorly understood, limiting treatment effectiveness. We have found the opioid system to be involved in the responsiveness to fluoxetine treatment in a mouse model for anxiety- and depressive-like behavior. METHODS We analyzed gene expression changes in the dentate gyrus of mice chronically treated with corticosterone and fluoxetine. After identifying a subset of genes of interest, we studied their expression patterns in relation to treatment responsiveness. We further characterized their expression through in situ hybridization and the analysis of a single-cell RNA sequencing dataset. Finally, we behaviorally tested mu and delta opioid receptor knockout mice in the novelty suppressed feeding test and the forced swim test after chronic corticosterone and fluoxetine treatment. RESULTS Chronic fluoxetine treatment upregulates proenkephalin expression in the dentate gyrus, and this upregulation is associated with treatment responsiveness. The expression of several of the most significantly upregulated genes, including proenkephalin, is localized to an anatomically and transcriptionally specialized subgroup of mature granule cells in the dentate gyrus. We have also found that the delta opioid receptor contributes to some, but not all, of the behavioral effects of fluoxetine. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that the opioid system is involved in the antidepressant effects of fluoxetine, and this effect may be mediated through the upregulation of proenkephalin in a subpopulation of mature granule cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Carazo-Arias
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York; Division of Integrative Neuroscience, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York
| | - Phi T Nguyen
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York; Division of Integrative Neuroscience, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York
| | - Marley Kass
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York; Division of Integrative Neuroscience, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York
| | - Hyun Jung Jee
- Division of Integrative Neuroscience, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York
| | - Katherine M Nautiyal
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Valerie Magalong
- Program in Developmental Neurogenetics, The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Lilian Coie
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York
| | - Valentine Andreu
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York
| | - Mark M Gergues
- Department of Psychology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Huzefa Khalil
- Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Huda Akil
- Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Danusa Mar Arcego
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Douglas Hospital Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Michael Meaney
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Douglas Hospital Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada; Sackler Program for Epigenetics and Psychobiology, Douglas Hospital Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada; Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Singapore
| | - Christoph Anacker
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York
| | | | - John E Pintar
- Department of Neuroscience & Cell Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Irina Morozova
- Center for Genome Technology and Biomolecular Engineering, Columbia University, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York; Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York
| | - Sergey Kalachikov
- Center for Genome Technology and Biomolecular Engineering, Columbia University, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York; Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York; Data Science Institute, Columbia University, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York
| | - Rene Hen
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York; Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York; Department of Pharmacology, Columbia University, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York; Division of Integrative Neuroscience, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York.
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25
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Salasova A, Monti G, Andersen OM, Nykjaer A. Finding memo: versatile interactions of the VPS10p-Domain receptors in Alzheimer’s disease. Mol Neurodegener 2022; 17:74. [PMID: 36397124 PMCID: PMC9673319 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-022-00576-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The family of VPS10p-Domain (D) receptors comprises five members named SorLA, Sortilin, SorCS1, SorCS2 and SorCS3. While their physiological roles remain incompletely resolved, they have been recognized for their signaling engagements and trafficking abilities, navigating a number of molecules between endosome, Golgi compartments, and the cell surface. Strikingly, recent studies connected all the VPS10p-D receptors to Alzheimer’s disease (AD) development. In addition, they have been also associated with diseases comorbid with AD such as diabetes mellitus and major depressive disorder. This systematic review elaborates on genetic, functional, and mechanistic insights into how dysfunction in VPS10p-D receptors may contribute to AD etiology, AD onset diversity, and AD comorbidities. Starting with their functions in controlling cellular trafficking of amyloid precursor protein and the metabolism of the amyloid beta peptide, we present and exemplify how these receptors, despite being structurally similar, regulate various and distinct cellular events involved in AD. This includes a plethora of signaling crosstalks that impact on neuronal survival, neuronal wiring, neuronal polarity, and synaptic plasticity. Signaling activities of the VPS10p-D receptors are especially linked, but not limited to, the regulation of neuronal fitness and apoptosis via their physical interaction with pro- and mature neurotrophins and their receptors. By compiling the functional versatility of VPS10p-D receptors and their interactions with AD-related pathways, we aim to further propel the AD research towards VPS10p-D receptor family, knowledge that may lead to new diagnostic markers and therapeutic strategies for AD patients.
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26
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Badia-Soteras A, Heistek TS, Kater MSJ, Mak A, Negrean A, van den Oever MC, Mansvelder HD, Khakh BS, Min R, Smit AB, Verheijen MHG. Retraction of Astrocyte Leaflets From the Synapse Enhances Fear Memory. Biol Psychiatry 2022:S0006-3223(22)01705-X. [PMID: 36702661 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2022.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The formation and retrieval of fear memories depends on orchestrated synaptic activity of neuronal ensembles within the hippocampus, and it is becoming increasingly evident that astrocytes residing in the environment of these synapses play a central role in shaping cellular memory representations. Astrocyte distal processes, known as leaflets, fine-tune synaptic activity by clearing neurotransmitters and limiting glutamate diffusion. However, how astroglial synaptic coverage contributes to mnemonic processing of fearful experiences remains largely unknown. METHODS We used electron microscopy to observe changes in astroglial coverage of hippocampal synapses during consolidation of fear memory in mice. To manipulate astroglial synaptic coverage, we depleted ezrin, an integral leaflet-structural protein, from hippocampal astrocytes using CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats)/Cas9 gene editing. Next, a combination of Föster resonance energy transfer analysis, genetically encoded glutamate sensors, and whole-cell patch-clamp recordings was used to determine whether the proximity of astrocyte leaflets to the synapse is critical for synaptic integrity and function. RESULTS We found that consolidation of a recent fear memory is accompanied by a transient retraction of astrocyte leaflets from hippocampal synapses and increased activation of NMDA receptors. Accordingly, astrocyte-specific depletion of ezrin resulted in shorter astrocyte leaflets and reduced astrocyte contact with the synaptic cleft, which consequently boosted extrasynaptic glutamate diffusion and NMDA receptor activation. Importantly, after fear conditioning, these cellular phenotypes translated to increased retrieval-evoked activation of CA1 pyramidal neurons and enhanced fear memory expression. CONCLUSIONS Together, our data show that withdrawal of astrocyte leaflets from the synaptic cleft is an experience-induced, temporally regulated process that gates the strength of fear memories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aina Badia-Soteras
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Tim S Heistek
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mandy S J Kater
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Aline Mak
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Adrian Negrean
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Michel C van den Oever
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Huibert D Mansvelder
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Baljit S Khakh
- Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Rogier Min
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Child Neurology, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - August B Smit
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mark H G Verheijen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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27
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van Zundert B, Montecino M. Epigenetic Changes and Chromatin Reorganization in Brain Function: Lessons from Fear Memory Ensemble and Alzheimer’s Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012081. [PMID: 36292933 PMCID: PMC9602769 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Healthy brain functioning in mammals requires a continuous fine-tuning of gene expression. Accumulating evidence over the last three decades demonstrates that epigenetic mechanisms and dynamic changes in chromatin organization are critical components during the control of gene transcription in neural cells. Recent genome-wide analyses show that the regulation of brain genes requires the contribution of both promoter and long-distance enhancer elements, which must functionally interact with upregulated gene expression in response to physiological cues. Hence, a deep comprehension of the mechanisms mediating these enhancer–promoter interactions (EPIs) is critical if we are to understand the processes associated with learning, memory and recall. Moreover, the onset and progression of several neurodegenerative diseases and neurological alterations are found to be strongly associated with changes in the components that support and/or modulate the dynamics of these EPIs. Here, we overview relevant discoveries in the field supporting the role of the chromatin organization and of specific epigenetic mechanisms during the control of gene transcription in neural cells from healthy mice subjected to the fear conditioning paradigm, a relevant model to study memory ensemble. Additionally, special consideration is dedicated to revising recent results generated by investigators working with animal models and human postmortem brain tissue to address how changes in the epigenome and chromatin architecture contribute to transcriptional dysregulation in Alzheimer’s disease, a widely studied neurodegenerative disease. We also discuss recent developments of potential new therapeutic strategies involving epigenetic editing and small chromatin-modifying molecules (or epidrugs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigitte van Zundert
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8370186, Chile
- CARE Biomedical Research Center, Santiago 8330005, Chile
- Correspondence: (B.v.Z.); (M.M.)
| | - Martin Montecino
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8370186, Chile
- Millennium Institute Center for Genome Regulation CRG, Santiago 8370186, Chile
- Correspondence: (B.v.Z.); (M.M.)
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28
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Chao OY, Nikolaus S, Yang YM, Huston JP. Neuronal circuitry for recognition memory of object and place in rodent models. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 141:104855. [PMID: 36089106 PMCID: PMC10542956 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Rats and mice are used for studying neuronal circuits underlying recognition memory due to their ability to spontaneously remember the occurrence of an object, its place and an association of the object and place in a particular environment. A joint employment of lesions, pharmacological interventions, optogenetics and chemogenetics is constantly expanding our knowledge of the neural basis for recognition memory of object, place, and their association. In this review, we summarize current studies on recognition memory in rodents with a focus on the novel object preference, novel location preference and object-in-place paradigms. The evidence suggests that the medial prefrontal cortex- and hippocampus-connected circuits contribute to recognition memory for object and place. Under certain conditions, the striatum, medial septum, amygdala, locus coeruleus and cerebellum are also involved. We propose that the neuronal circuitry for recognition memory of object and place is hierarchically connected and constructed by different cortical (perirhinal, entorhinal and retrosplenial cortices), thalamic (nucleus reuniens, mediodorsal and anterior thalamic nuclei) and primeval (hypothalamus and interpeduncular nucleus) modules interacting with the medial prefrontal cortex and hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Owen Y Chao
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth, MN 55812, USA
| | - Susanne Nikolaus
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Yi-Mei Yang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth, MN 55812, USA; Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Joseph P Huston
- Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Psychology, Heinrich-Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
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29
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Shpokayte M, McKissick O, Guan X, Yuan B, Rahsepar B, Fernandez FR, Ruesch E, Grella SL, White JA, Liu XS, Ramirez S. Hippocampal cells segregate positive and negative engrams. Commun Biol 2022; 5:1009. [PMID: 36163262 PMCID: PMC9512908 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03906-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The hippocampus is involved in processing a variety of mnemonic computations specifically the spatiotemporal components and emotional dimensions of contextual memory. Recent studies have demonstrated cellular heterogeneity along the hippocampal axis. The ventral hippocampus has been shown to be important in the processing of emotion and valence. Here, we combine transgenic and all-virus based activity-dependent tagging strategies to visualize multiple valence-specific engrams in the vHPC and demonstrate two partially segregated cell populations and projections that respond to appetitive and aversive experiences. Next, using RNA sequencing and DNA methylation sequencing approaches, we find that vHPC appetitive and aversive engram cells display different transcriptional programs and DNA methylation landscapes compared to a neutral engram population. Additionally, optogenetic manipulation of tagged cell bodies in vHPC is not sufficient to drive appetitive or aversive behavior in real-time place preference, stimulation of tagged vHPC terminals projecting to the amygdala and nucleus accumbens (NAc), but not the prefrontal cortex (PFC), showed the capacity drive preference and avoidance. These terminals also were able to change their capacity to drive behavior. We conclude that the vHPC contains genetically, cellularly, and behaviorally segregated populations of cells processing appetitive and aversive memory engrams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Shpokayte
- Graduate Program for Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, 02215, MA, USA
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, The Center for Systems Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, 02215, MA, USA
| | - Olivia McKissick
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Brown University, Providence, 02912, RI, USA
| | - Xiaonan Guan
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, 10032, NY, USA
| | - Bingbing Yuan
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, MIT, Cambridge, 02142, MA, USA
| | - Bahar Rahsepar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, 02215, MA, USA
- Neurophotonics Center, and Photonics Center, Boston University, Boston, 02215, MA, USA
| | - Fernando R Fernandez
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, 02215, MA, USA
- Neurophotonics Center, and Photonics Center, Boston University, Boston, 02215, MA, USA
| | - Evan Ruesch
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, The Center for Systems Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, 02215, MA, USA
| | - Stephanie L Grella
- Loyola University, Chicago Department of Psychology, Chicago, IL, 60660, USA
| | - John A White
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, 02215, MA, USA
- Neurophotonics Center, and Photonics Center, Boston University, Boston, 02215, MA, USA
| | - X Shawn Liu
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, 10032, NY, USA.
| | - Steve Ramirez
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, The Center for Systems Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, 02215, MA, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, 02215, MA, USA.
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30
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Sardoo AM, Zhang S, Ferraro TN, Keck TM, Chen Y. Decoding brain memory formation by single-cell RNA sequencing. Brief Bioinform 2022; 23:6713514. [PMID: 36156112 PMCID: PMC9677489 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbac412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
To understand how distinct memories are formed and stored in the brain is an important and fundamental question in neuroscience and computational biology. A population of neurons, termed engram cells, represents the physiological manifestation of a specific memory trace and is characterized by dynamic changes in gene expression, which in turn alters the synaptic connectivity and excitability of these cells. Recent applications of single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and single-nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq) are promising approaches for delineating the dynamic expression profiles in these subsets of neurons, and thus understanding memory-specific genes, their combinatorial patterns and regulatory networks. The aim of this article is to review and discuss the experimental and computational procedures of sc/snRNA-seq, new studies of molecular mechanisms of memory aided by sc/snRNA-seq in human brain diseases and related mouse models, and computational challenges in understanding the regulatory mechanisms underlying long-term memory formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atlas M Sardoo
- Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA
| | - Shaoqiang Zhang
- College of Computer and Information Engineering, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Thomas N Ferraro
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ 08103, USA
| | - Thomas M Keck
- Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA,Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA
| | - Yong Chen
- Corresponding author. Yong Chen, Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA. Tel.: +1 856 256 4500; E-mail:
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Buurstede JC, Umeoka EHL, da Silva MS, Krugers HJ, Joëls M, Meijer OC. Application of a pharmacological transcriptome filter identifies a shortlist of mouse glucocorticoid receptor target genes associated with memory consolidation. Neuropharmacology 2022; 216:109186. [PMID: 35835211 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2022.109186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids regulate memory consolidation, facilitating long-term storage of relevant information to adequately respond to future stressors in similar conditions. This effect of glucocorticoids is well-established and is observed in multiple types of behaviour that depend on various brain regions. By and large, higher glucocorticoid levels strengthen event-related memory, while inhibition of glucocorticoid signalling impairs consolidation. The mechanism underlying this glucocorticoid effect remains unclear, but it likely involves the transcriptional effects of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR). We here used a powerful paradigm to investigate the transcriptional effects of GR in the dorsal hippocampus of mice after training in an auditory fear conditioning task, aiming to identify a shortlist of GR target genes associated to memory consolidation. Therefore, we utilized in an explorative study the properties of selective GR modulators (CORT108297 and CORT118335), alongside the endogenous agonist corticosterone and the classical GR antagonist RU486, to pinpoint GR-dependent transcriptional changes. First, we confirmed that glucocorticoids can modulate memory strength via GR activation. Subsequently, by assessing the specific effects of the available GR-ligands on memory strength, we established a pharmacological filter which we imposed on the hippocampal transcriptome data. This identified a manageable shortlist of eight genes by which glucocorticoids may modulate memory consolidation, warranting in-depth follow-up. Overall, we showcase the strength of the concept of pharmacological transcriptome filtering, which can be readily applied to other research topics with an established role of glucocorticoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacobus C Buurstede
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - Eduardo H L Umeoka
- Brain Plasticity Group, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, SILS-CNS, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Neuroscience and Behavioural Sciences Department, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Marcia Santos da Silva
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Translational Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Harm J Krugers
- Brain Plasticity Group, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, SILS-CNS, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marian Joëls
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Onno C Meijer
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
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Zhang S, Xie L, Cui Y, Carone BR, Chen Y. Detecting Fear-Memory-Related Genes from Neuronal scRNA-seq Data by Diverse Distributions and Bhattacharyya Distance. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12081130. [PMID: 36009024 PMCID: PMC9405875 DOI: 10.3390/biom12081130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The detection of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) is one of most important computational challenges in the analysis of single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data. However, due to the high heterogeneity and dropout noise inherent in scRNAseq data, challenges in detecting DEGs exist when using a single distribution of gene expression levels, leaving much room to improve the precision and robustness of current DEG detection methods. Here, we propose the use of a new method, DEGman, which utilizes several possible diverse distributions in combination with Bhattacharyya distance. DEGman can automatically select the best-fitting distributions of gene expression levels, and then detect DEGs by permutation testing of Bhattacharyya distances of the selected distributions from two cell groups. Compared with several popular DEG analysis tools on both large-scale simulation data and real scRNA-seq data, DEGman shows an overall improvement in the balance of sensitivity and precision. We applied DEGman to scRNA-seq data of TRAP; Ai14 mouse neurons to detect fear-memory-related genes that are significantly differentially expressed in neurons with and without fear memory. DEGman detected well-known fear-memory-related genes and many novel candidates. Interestingly, we found 25 DEGs in common in five neuron clusters that are functionally enriched for synaptic vesicles, indicating that the coupled dynamics of synaptic vesicles across in neurons plays a critical role in remote memory formation. The proposed method leverages the advantage of the use of diverse distributions in DEG analysis, exhibiting better performance in analyzing composite scRNA-seq datasets in real applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoqiang Zhang
- Department of Computer Science, College of Computer and Information Engineering, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Linjuan Xie
- Department of Computer Science, College of Computer and Information Engineering, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Yaxuan Cui
- Department of Computer Science, College of Computer and Information Engineering, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Benjamin R. Carone
- Department of Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA
| | - Yong Chen
- Department of Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-856-256-4500
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A missense mutation in Kcnc3 causes hippocampal learning deficits in mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2204901119. [PMID: 35881790 PMCID: PMC9351536 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2204901119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Although a wide variety of genetic tools has been developed to study learning and memory, the molecular basis of memory encoding remains incompletely understood. Here, we undertook an unbiased approach to identify novel genes critical for memory encoding. From a large-scale, in vivo mutagenesis screen using contextual fear conditioning, we isolated in mice a mutant, named Clueless, with spatial learning deficits. A causative missense mutation (G434V) was found in the voltage-gated potassium channel, subfamily C member 3 (Kcnc3) gene in a region that encodes a transmembrane voltage sensor. Generation of a Kcnc3G434V CRISPR mutant mouse confirmed this mutation as the cause of the learning defects. While G434V had no effect on transcription, translation, or trafficking of the channel, electrophysiological analysis of the G434V mutant channel revealed a complete loss of voltage-gated conductance, a broadening of the action potential, and decreased neuronal firing. Together, our findings have revealed a role for Kcnc3 in learning and memory.
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Jeanneteau F, Coutellier L. The glucocorticoid footprint on the memory engram. CURRENT OPINION IN ENDOCRINE AND METABOLIC RESEARCH 2022; 25:100378. [PMID: 38486965 PMCID: PMC10938917 DOI: 10.1016/j.coemr.2022.100378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
The complexity of the classical inverted U-shaped relationship between cortisol levels and responses transposable to stress reactivity has led to an incomplete understanding of the mechanisms enabling healthy and toxic effects of stress on brain and behavior. A clearer, more detailed, picture of those relationships can be obtained by integrating cortisol effects on large-scale brain networks, in particular, by focusing on neural network configurations from the perspective of inhibition and excitation. A unifying view of Semon and Hebb's theories of cellular memory links the biophysical and metabolic changes in neuronal ensembles to the strengthening of collective synapses. In that sense, the neuronal capacity to record, store, and retrieve information directly relates to the adaptive capacity of its connectivity and metabolic reserves. Here, we use task-activated cell ensembles or simply engram cells as an example to demonstrate that the adaptive behavioral responses to stress result from collective synapse strength within and across networks of interneurons and excitatory ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Freddy Jeanneteau
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, University of Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Laurence Coutellier
- Departments of Psychology and Neuroscience, Ohio State University, Columbus, USA
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Cox WR, Faliagkas L, Besseling A, van der Loo RJ, Spijker S, Kindt M, Rao-Ruiz P. Interfering With Contextual Fear Memories by Post-reactivation Administration of Propranolol in Mice: A Series of Null Findings. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 16:893572. [PMID: 35832291 PMCID: PMC9272000 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.893572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-reactivation amnesia of contextual fear memories by blockade of noradrenergic signaling has been shown to have limited replicability in rodents. This is usually attributed to several boundary conditions that gate the destabilization of memory during its retrieval. How these boundary conditions can be overcome, and what neural mechanisms underlie post-reactivation changes in contextual fear memories remain largely unknown. Here, we report a series of experiments in a contextual fear-conditioning paradigm in mice, that were aimed at solving these issues. We first attempted to obtain a training paradigm that would consistently result in contextual fear memory that could be destabilized upon reactivation, enabling post-retrieval amnesia by the administration of propranolol. Unexpectedly, our attempts were unsuccessful to this end. Specifically, over a series of experiments in which we varied different parameters of the fear acquisition procedure, at best small and inconsistent effects were observed. Additionally, we found that propranolol did not alter retrieval-induced neural activity, as measured by the number of c-Fos+ cells in the hippocampal dentate gyrus. To determine whether propranolol was perhaps ineffective in interfering with reactivated contextual fear memories, we also included anisomycin (i.e., a potent and well-known amnesic drug) in several experiments, and measures of synaptic glutamate receptor subunit GluA2 (i.e., a marker of memory destabilization). No post-retrieval amnesia by anisomycin and no altered GluA2 expression by reactivation was observed, suggesting that the memories did not undergo destabilization. The null findings are surprising, given that the training paradigms we implemented were previously shown to result in memories that could be modified upon reactivation. Together, our observations illustrate the elusive nature of reactivation-dependent changes in non-human fear memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wouter R. Cox
- Department of Psychology, Clinical Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Leonidas Faliagkas
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Amber Besseling
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Rolinka J. van der Loo
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sabine Spijker
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Merel Kindt
- Department of Psychology, Clinical Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Priyanka Rao-Ruiz
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Priyanka Rao-Ruiz
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Gil-Marti B, Barredo CG, Pina-Flores S, Trejo JL, Turiegano E, Martin FA. The elusive transcriptional memory trace. OXFORD OPEN NEUROSCIENCE 2022; 1:kvac008. [PMID: 38596710 PMCID: PMC10913820 DOI: 10.1093/oons/kvac008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Memory is the brain faculty to store and remember information. It is a sequential process in which four different phases can be distinguished: encoding or learning, consolidation, storage and reactivation. Since the discovery of the first Drosophila gene essential for memory formation in 1976, our knowledge of its mechanisms has progressed greatly. The current view considers the existence of engrams, ensembles of neuronal populations whose activity is temporally coordinated and represents the minimal correlate of experience in brain circuits. In order to form and maintain the engram, protein synthesis and, probably, specific transcriptional program(s) is required. The immediate early gene response during learning process has been extensively studied. However, a detailed description of the transcriptional response for later memory phases was technically challenging. Recent advances in transcriptomics have allowed us to tackle this biological problem. This review summarizes recent findings in this field, and discusses whether or not it is possible to identify a transcriptional trace for memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Gil-Marti
- Molecular Physiology of Behavior Laboratory, Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Neurobiology, Cajal Institute, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), 28002 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Biology, Autonomous University of Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Celia G Barredo
- Molecular Physiology of Behavior Laboratory, Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Neurobiology, Cajal Institute, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), 28002 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Pina-Flores
- Molecular Physiology of Behavior Laboratory, Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Neurobiology, Cajal Institute, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), 28002 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose Luis Trejo
- Neurogenesis of the Adult Animal Laboratory. Department of Translational Neuroscience, Cajal Institute, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Enrique Turiegano
- Department of Biology, Autonomous University of Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco A Martin
- Molecular Physiology of Behavior Laboratory, Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Neurobiology, Cajal Institute, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), 28002 Madrid, Spain
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Ortega-de San Luis C, Ryan TJ. Understanding the physical basis of memory: Molecular mechanisms of the engram. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:101866. [PMID: 35346687 PMCID: PMC9065729 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Memory, defined as the storage and use of learned information in the brain, is necessary to modulate behavior and critical for animals to adapt to their environments and survive. Despite being a cornerstone of brain function, questions surrounding the molecular and cellular mechanisms of how information is encoded, stored, and recalled remain largely unanswered. One widely held theory is that an engram is formed by a group of neurons that are active during learning, which undergoes biochemical and physical changes to store information in a stable state, and that are later reactivated during recall of the memory. In the past decade, the development of engram labeling methodologies has proven useful to investigate the biology of memory at the molecular and cellular levels. Engram technology allows the study of individual memories associated with particular experiences and their evolution over time, with enough experimental resolution to discriminate between different memory processes: learning (encoding), consolidation (the passage from short-term to long-term memories), and storage (the maintenance of memory in the brain). Here, we review the current understanding of memory formation at a molecular and cellular level by focusing on insights provided using engram technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Ortega-de San Luis
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Tomás J Ryan
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne Brain Centre, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Child & Brain Development Program, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR), Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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38
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Dankovich TM, Rizzoli SO. Extracellular Matrix Recycling as a Novel Plasticity Mechanism With a Potential Role in Disease. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:854897. [PMID: 35431813 PMCID: PMC9008140 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.854897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) stabilizes neural circuits and synapses in the healthy brain, while also retaining the ability to be remodeled, to allow synapses to be plastic. A well-described mechanism for ECM remodeling is through the regulated secretion of proteolytic enzymes at the synapse, together with the synthesis of new ECM molecules. The importance of this process is evidenced by the large number of brain disorders that are associated with a dysregulation of ECM-cleaving protease activity. While most of the brain ECM molecules are indeed stable for remarkable time periods, evidence in other cell types, as cancer cells, suggests that at least a proportion of the ECM molecules may be endocytosed regularly, and could even be recycled back to the ECM. In this review, we discuss the involvement of such a mechanism in the brain, under physiological activity conditions and in relation to synapse and brain disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tal M. Dankovich
- Institute of Neuro- and Sensory Physiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- International Max Planck Research School for Neurosciences, Göttingen, Germany
- *Correspondence: Tal M. Dankovich,
| | - Silvio O. Rizzoli
- Institute of Neuro- and Sensory Physiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration (BIN) Center & Multiscale Bioimaging Excellence Center, Göttingen, Germany
- Silvio O. Rizzoli,
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Takeuchi T, Tamura M, Tse D, Kajii Y, Fernández G, Morris RGM. Brain region networks for the assimilation of new associative memory into a schema. Mol Brain 2022; 15:24. [PMID: 35331310 PMCID: PMC8943948 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-022-00908-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Alterations in long-range functional connectivity between distinct brain regions are thought to contribute to the encoding of memory. However, little is known about how the activation of an existing network of neocortical and hippocampal regions might support the assimilation of relevant new information into the preexisting knowledge structure or 'schema'. Using functional mapping for expression of plasticity-related immediate early gene products, we sought to identify the long-range functional network of paired-associate memory, and the encoding and assimilation of relevant new paired-associates. Correlational and clustering analyses for expression of immediate early gene products revealed that midline neocortical-hippocampal connectivity is strongly associated with successful memory encoding of new paired-associates against the backdrop of the schema, compared to both (1) unsuccessful memory encoding of new paired-associates that are not relevant to the schema, and (2) the mere retrieval of the previously learned schema. These findings suggest that the certain midline neocortical and hippocampal networks support the assimilation of newly encoded associative memories into a relevant schema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomonori Takeuchi
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Edinburgh Neuroscience, University of Edinburgh, 1 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK. .,Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience, DANDRITE, Nordic-EMBL Partnership for Molecular Medicine, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Hoegh-Guldbergsgade 10, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark. .,Center for Proteins in Memory, PROMEMO, Danish National Research Foundation, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Hoegh-Guldbergsgade 10, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | - Makoto Tamura
- Neuroscience Research Unit, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Kanagawa, 227-0033, Japan.,NeuroDiscovery Lab, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Holdings America, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Dorothy Tse
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Edinburgh Neuroscience, University of Edinburgh, 1 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK.,Department of Psychology, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, L39 4QP, UK
| | - Yasushi Kajii
- Neuroscience Research Unit, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Kanagawa, 227-0033, Japan.,T-CiRA Discovery, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Kanagawa, 251-8555, Japan
| | - Guillén Fernández
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, 6500 HB, The Netherlands
| | - Richard G M Morris
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Edinburgh Neuroscience, University of Edinburgh, 1 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK.
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40
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An epigenetic mechanism for over-consolidation of fear memories. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:4893-4904. [PMID: 36127428 PMCID: PMC9763112 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01758-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Excessive fear is a hallmark of anxiety disorders, a major cause of disease burden worldwide. Substantial evidence supports a role of prefrontal cortex-amygdala circuits in the regulation of fear and anxiety, but the molecular mechanisms that regulate their activity remain poorly understood. Here, we show that downregulation of the histone methyltransferase PRDM2 in the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex enhances fear expression by modulating fear memory consolidation. We further show that Prdm2 knock-down (KD) in neurons that project from the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex to the basolateral amygdala (dmPFC-BLA) promotes increased fear expression. Prdm2 KD in the dmPFC-BLA circuit also resulted in increased expression of genes involved in synaptogenesis, suggesting that Prdm2 KD modulates consolidation of conditioned fear by modifying synaptic strength at dmPFC-BLA projection targets. Consistent with an enhanced synaptic efficacy, we found that dmPFC Prdm2 KD increased glutamatergic release probability in the BLA and increased the activity of BLA neurons in response to fear-associated cues. Together, our findings provide a new molecular mechanism for excessive fear responses, wherein PRDM2 modulates the dmPFC -BLA circuit through specific transcriptomic changes.
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41
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Hippocampal neurons' cytosolic and membrane-bound ribosomal transcript profiles are differentially regulated by learning and subsequent sleep. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2108534118. [PMID: 34819370 PMCID: PMC8640746 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2108534118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep loss disrupts consolidation of hippocampus-dependent memory. To understand the cellular basis for this effect, we quantified RNAs associated with translating ribosomes in cytosol and on cellular membranes of different hippocampal neuron populations. Our analysis suggests that while sleep loss (but not learning) alters numerous ribosomal transcripts in cytosol, learning has dramatic effects on transcript profiles for less–well-characterized membrane-bound ribosomes. We demonstrate that postlearning sleep deprivation occludes already minimal learning-driven changes on cytosolic ribosomes. It simultaneously alters transcripts associated with metabolic and biosynthetic processes in membrane-bound ribosomes in excitatory hippocampal neurons and highly active, putative “engram” neurons, respectively. Together, these findings provide insights into the cellular mechanisms altered by learning and their disruption by subsequent sleep loss. The hippocampus is essential for consolidating transient experiences into long-lasting memories. Memory consolidation is facilitated by postlearning sleep, although the underlying cellular mechanisms are largely unknown. We took an unbiased approach to this question by using a mouse model of hippocampally mediated, sleep-dependent memory consolidation (contextual fear memory). Because synaptic plasticity is associated with changes to both neuronal cell membranes (e.g., receptors) and cytosol (e.g., cytoskeletal elements), we characterized how these cell compartments are affected by learning and subsequent sleep or sleep deprivation (SD). Translating ribosome affinity purification was used to profile ribosome-associated RNAs in different subcellular compartments (cytosol and membrane) and in different cell populations (whole hippocampus, Camk2a+ neurons, or highly active neurons with phosphorylated ribosomal subunit S6 [pS6+]). We examined how transcript profiles change as a function of sleep versus SD and prior learning (contextual fear conditioning; CFC). While sleep loss altered many cytosolic ribosomal transcripts, CFC altered almost none, and CFC-driven changes were occluded by subsequent SD. In striking contrast, SD altered few transcripts on membrane-bound (MB) ribosomes, while learning altered many more (including long non-coding RNAs [lncRNAs]). The cellular pathways most affected by CFC were involved in structural remodeling. Comparisons of post-CFC MB transcript profiles between sleeping and SD mice implicated changes in cellular metabolism in Camk2a+ neurons and protein synthesis in highly active pS6+ (putative “engram”) neurons as biological processes disrupted by SD. These findings provide insights into how learning affects hippocampal neurons and suggest that the effects of SD on memory consolidation are cell type and subcellular compartment specific.
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Lesuis SL, Brosens N, Immerzeel N, van der Loo RJ, Mitrić M, Bielefeld P, Fitzsimons CP, Lucassen PJ, Kushner SA, van den Oever MC, Krugers HJ. Glucocorticoids Promote Fear Generalization by Increasing the Size of a Dentate Gyrus Engram Cell Population. Biol Psychiatry 2021; 90:494-504. [PMID: 34503674 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2021.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traumatic experiences, such as conditioned threat, are coded as enduring memories that are frequently subject to generalization, which is characterized by (re-) expression of fear in safe environments. However, the neurobiological mechanisms underlying threat generalization after a traumatic experience and the role of stress hormones in this process remain poorly understood. METHODS We examined the influence of glucocorticoid hormones on the strength and specificity of conditioned fear memory at the level of sparsely distributed dentate gyrus (DG) engram cells in male mice. RESULTS We found that elevating glucocorticoid hormones after fear conditioning induces a generalized contextual fear response. This was accompanied by a selective and persistent increase in the excitability and number of activated DG granule cells. Selective chemogenetic suppression of these sparse cells in the DG prevented glucocorticoid-induced fear generalization and restored contextual memory specificity, while leaving expression of auditory fear memory unaffected. CONCLUSIONS These results implicate the sparse ensemble of DG engram cells as a critical cellular substrate underlying fear generalization induced by glucocorticoid stress hormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie L Lesuis
- Brain Plasticity Group, SILS-CNS, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Program in Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Niek Brosens
- Brain Plasticity Group, SILS-CNS, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nathalie Immerzeel
- Brain Plasticity Group, SILS-CNS, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rolinka J van der Loo
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research (CNCR), Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Miodrag Mitrić
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research (CNCR), Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pascal Bielefeld
- Brain Plasticity Group, SILS-CNS, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Carlos P Fitzsimons
- Brain Plasticity Group, SILS-CNS, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Paul J Lucassen
- Brain Plasticity Group, SILS-CNS, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Steven A Kushner
- Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michel C van den Oever
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research (CNCR), Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Harm J Krugers
- Brain Plasticity Group, SILS-CNS, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Raven F, Aton SJ. The Engram's Dark Horse: How Interneurons Regulate State-Dependent Memory Processing and Plasticity. Front Neural Circuits 2021; 15:750541. [PMID: 34588960 PMCID: PMC8473837 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2021.750541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain states such as arousal and sleep play critical roles in memory encoding, storage, and recall. Recent studies have highlighted the role of engram neurons–populations of neurons activated during learning–in subsequent memory consolidation and recall. These engram populations are generally assumed to be glutamatergic, and the vast majority of data regarding the function of engram neurons have focused on glutamatergic pyramidal or granule cell populations in either the hippocampus, amygdala, or neocortex. Recent data suggest that sleep and wake states differentially regulate the activity and temporal dynamics of engram neurons. Two potential mechanisms for this regulation are either via direct regulation of glutamatergic engram neuron excitability and firing, or via state-dependent effects on interneuron populations–which in turn modulate the activity of glutamatergic engram neurons. Here, we will discuss recent findings related to the roles of interneurons in state-regulated memory processes and synaptic plasticity, and the potential therapeutic implications of understanding these mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Raven
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, College of Literature, Sciences, and the Arts, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Sara J Aton
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, College of Literature, Sciences, and the Arts, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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44
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Wang IF, Wang Y, Yang YH, Huang GJ, Tsai KJ, Shen CKJ. Activation of a hippocampal CREB-pCREB-miRNA-MEF2 axis modulates individual variation of spatial learning and memory capability. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109477. [PMID: 34348143 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenotypic variation is a fundamental prerequisite for cell and organism evolution by natural selection. Whereas the role of stochastic gene expression in phenotypic diversity of genetically identical cells is well studied, not much is known regarding the relationship between stochastic gene expression and individual behavioral variation in animals. We demonstrate that a specific miRNA (miR-466f-3p) is upregulated in the hippocampus of a portion of individual inbred mice upon a Morris water maze task. Significantly, miR-466f-3p positively regulates the neuron morphology, function and spatial learning, and memory capability of mice. Mechanistically, miR-466f-3p represses translation of MEF2A, a negative regulator of learning/memory. Finally, we show that varied upregulation of hippocampal miR-466f-3p results from randomized phosphorylation of hippocampal cyclic AMP (cAMP)-response element binding (CREB) in individuals. This finding of modulation of spatial learning and memory via a randomized hippocampal signaling axis upon neuronal stimulation represents a demonstration of how variation in tissue gene expression lead to varied animal behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Fang Wang
- Graduate Institute of Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Yihan Wang
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hua Yang
- Graduate Institute of Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70403, Taiwan; Research Center of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70403, Taiwan
| | - Guo-Jen Huang
- Department and Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; Neuroscience Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou 33302, Taiwan
| | - Kuen-Jer Tsai
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70403, Taiwan; Research Center of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70403, Taiwan.
| | - Che-Kun James Shen
- Graduate Institute of Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan.
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45
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Yildirim F, Foddis M, Blumenau S, Müller S, Kajetan B, Holtgrewe M, Kola V, Beule D, Sassi C. Shared and oppositely regulated transcriptomic signatures in Huntington's disease and brain ischemia confirm known and unveil novel potential neuroprotective genes. Neurobiol Aging 2021; 104:122.e1-122.e17. [PMID: 33875290 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2021.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Huntington's disease and subcortical vascular dementia display similar dementing features, shaped by different degrees of striatal atrophy, deep white matter degeneration and tau pathology. To investigate the hypothesis that Huntington's disease transcriptomic hallmarks may provide a window into potential protective genes upregulated during brain acute and subacute ischemia, we compared RNA sequencing signatures in the most affected brain areas of 2 widely used experimental mouse models: Huntington's disease, (R6/2, striatum and cortex and Q175, hippocampus) and brain ischemia-subcortical vascular dementia (BCCAS, striatum, cortex and hippocampus). We identified a cluster of 55 shared genes significantly differentially regulated in both models and we screened these in 2 different mouse models of Alzheimer's disease, and 96 early-onset familial and apparently sporadic small vessel ischemic disease patients. Our data support the prevalent role of transcriptional regulation upon genetic coding variability of known neuroprotective genes (Egr2, Fos, Ptgs2, Itga5, Cdkn1a, Gsn, Npas4, Btg2, Cebpb) and provide a list of potential additional ones likely implicated in different dementing disorders and worth further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferah Yildirim
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marco Foddis
- Department of Experimental Neurology, Center for Stroke Research Berlin (CSB), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sonja Blumenau
- Department of Experimental Neurology, Center for Stroke Research Berlin (CSB), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Susanne Müller
- Department of Experimental Neurology, Center for Stroke Research Berlin (CSB), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bentele Kajetan
- Berlin Institute of Health, BIH, Core Unit Bioinformatics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Manuel Holtgrewe
- Berlin Institute of Health, BIH, Core Unit Bioinformatics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Vasilis Kola
- Department of Experimental Neurology, Center for Stroke Research Berlin (CSB), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dieter Beule
- Berlin Institute of Health, BIH, Core Unit Bioinformatics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Celeste Sassi
- Department of Experimental Neurology, Center for Stroke Research Berlin (CSB), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.
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46
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Jovasevic V, Zhang H, Sananbenesi F, Guedea AL, Soman KV, Wiktorowicz JE, Fischer A, Radulovic J. Primary cilia are required for the persistence of memory and stabilization of perineuronal nets. iScience 2021; 24:102617. [PMID: 34142063 PMCID: PMC8185192 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well established that the formation of episodic memories requires multiple hippocampal mechanisms operating on different time scales. Early mechanisms of memory formation (synaptic consolidation) have been extensively characterized. However, delayed mechanisms, which maintain hippocampal activity as memories stabilize in cortical circuits, are not well understood. Here we demonstrate that contrary to the transient expression of early- and delayed-response genes, the expression of cytoskeleton- and extracellular matrix-associated genes remains dynamic even at remote time points. The most profound expression changes clustered around primary cilium-associated and collagen genes. These genes most likely contribute to memory by stabilizing perineuronal nets in the dorsohippocampal CA1 subfield, as revealed by targeted disruptions of the primary cilium or perineuronal nets. The findings show that nonsynaptic, primary cilium-mediated mechanisms are required for the persistence of context memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Jovasevic
- Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Room 13-100, Montgomery Ward Memorial Building, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Neuroscience and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Rose F. Kennedy Center, 1410 Pelham Parkway South, Room 115, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | | | - Anita L. Guedea
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Kizhake V. Soman
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, UTMB – Galveston, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | | | - Andre Fischer
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Göttingen 37075, Germany
| | - Jelena Radulovic
- Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Room 13-100, Montgomery Ward Memorial Building, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Department of Neuroscience and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Rose F. Kennedy Center, 1410 Pelham Parkway South, Room 115, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
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Giorgi C, Marinelli S. Roles and Transcriptional Responses of Inhibitory Neurons in Learning and Memory. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:689952. [PMID: 34211369 PMCID: PMC8239217 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.689952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence supports a model whereby memories are encoded by sparse ensembles of neurons called engrams, activated during memory encoding and reactivated upon recall. An engram consists of a network of cells that undergo long-lasting modifications of their transcriptional programs and connectivity. Ground-breaking advancements in this field have been made possible by the creative exploitation of the characteristic transcriptional responses of neurons to activity, allowing both engram labeling and manipulation. Nevertheless, numerous aspects of engram cell-type composition and function remain to be addressed. As recent transcriptomic studies have revealed, memory encoding induces persistent transcriptional and functional changes in a plethora of neuronal subtypes and non-neuronal cells, including glutamatergic excitatory neurons, GABAergic inhibitory neurons, and glia cells. Dissecting the contribution of these different cellular classes to memory engram formation and activity is quite a challenging yet essential endeavor. In this review, we focus on the role played by the GABAergic inhibitory component of the engram through two complementary lenses. On one hand, we report on available physiological evidence addressing the involvement of inhibitory neurons to different stages of memory formation, consolidation, storage and recall. On the other, we capitalize on a growing number of transcriptomic studies that profile the transcriptional response of inhibitory neurons to activity, revealing important clues on their potential involvement in learning and memory processes. The picture that emerges suggests that inhibitory neurons are an essential component of the engram, likely involved in engram allocation, in tuning engram excitation and in storing the memory trace.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinna Giorgi
- CNR, Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, Rome, Italy.,European Brain Research Institute (EBRI), Fondazione Rita Levi-Montalcini, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Marinelli
- European Brain Research Institute (EBRI), Fondazione Rita Levi-Montalcini, Rome, Italy
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48
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Fuentes-Ramos M, Alaiz-Noya M, Barco A. Transcriptome and epigenome analysis of engram cells: Next-generation sequencing technologies in memory research. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 127:865-875. [PMID: 34097980 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Transcription and epigenetic changes are integral components of the neuronal response to stimulation and have been postulated to be drivers or substrates for enduring changes in animal behavior, including learning and memory. Memories are thought to be deposited in neuronal assemblies called engrams, i.e., groups of cells that undergo persistent physical or chemical changes during learning and are selectively reactivated to retrieve the memory. Despite the research progress made in recent years, the identity of specific epigenetic changes, if any, that occur in these cells and subsequently contribute to the persistence of memory traces remains unknown. The analysis of these changes is challenging due to the difficulty of exploring molecular alterations that only occur in a relatively small percentage of cells embedded in a complex tissue. In this review, we discuss the recent advances in this field and the promise of next-generation sequencing (NGS) and epigenome editing methods for overcoming these challenges and address long-standing questions concerning the role of epigenetic mechanisms in memory encoding, maintenance and expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Fuentes-Ramos
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Av. Santiago Ramón y Cajal s/n, Sant Joan d'Alacant, 03550, Alicante, Spain
| | - Marta Alaiz-Noya
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Av. Santiago Ramón y Cajal s/n, Sant Joan d'Alacant, 03550, Alicante, Spain
| | - Angel Barco
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Av. Santiago Ramón y Cajal s/n, Sant Joan d'Alacant, 03550, Alicante, Spain.
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49
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Han DH, Park P, Choi DI, Bliss TVP, Kaang BK. The essence of the engram: Cellular or synaptic? Semin Cell Dev Biol 2021; 125:122-135. [PMID: 34103208 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Memory is composed of various phases including cellular consolidation, systems consolidation, reconsolidation, and extinction. In the last few years it has been shown that simple association memories can be encoded by a subset of the neuronal population called engram cells. Activity of these cells is necessary and sufficient for the recall of association memory. However, it is unclear which molecular mechanisms allow cellular engrams to encode the diverse phases of memory. Further research is needed to examine the possibility that it is the synapses between engram cells (the synaptic engram) that constitute the memory. In this review we summarize recent findings on cellular engrams with a focus on different phases of memory, and discuss the distinct molecular mechanism required for cellular and synaptic engrams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae Hee Han
- School of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Pojeong Park
- School of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Il Choi
- School of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Tim V P Bliss
- Group leader emeritus, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Rd, Somers Town, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Bong-Kiun Kaang
- School of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
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50
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Buurstede JC, van Weert LTCM, Colucci P, Gentenaar M, Viho EMG, Koorneef LL, Schoonderwoerd RA, Lanooij SD, Moustakas I, Balog J, Mei H, Kielbasa SM, Campolongo P, Roozendaal B, Meijer OC. Hippocampal glucocorticoid target genes associated with enhancement of memory consolidation. Eur J Neurosci 2021; 55:2666-2683. [PMID: 33840130 PMCID: PMC9292385 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids enhance memory consolidation of emotionally arousing events via largely unknown molecular mechanisms. This glucocorticoid effect on the consolidation process also requires central noradrenergic neurotransmission. The intracellular pathways of these two stress mediators converge on two transcription factors: the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and phosphorylated cAMP response element‐binding protein (pCREB). We therefore investigated, in male rats, whether glucocorticoid effects on memory are associated with genomic interactions between the GR and pCREB in the hippocampus. In a two‐by‐two design, object exploration training or no training was combined with post‐training administration of a memory‐enhancing dose of corticosterone or vehicle. Genomic effects were studied by chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing (ChIP‐seq) of GR and pCREB 45 min after training and transcriptome analysis after 3 hr. Corticosterone administration induced differential GR DNA‐binding and regulation of target genes within the hippocampus, largely independent of training. Training alone did not result in long‐term memory nor did it affect GR or pCREB DNA‐binding and gene expression. No strong evidence was found for an interaction between GR and pCREB. Combination of the GR DNA‐binding and transcriptome data identified a set of novel, likely direct, GR target genes that are candidate mediators of corticosterone effects on memory consolidation. Cell‐specific expression of the identified target genes using single‐cell expression data suggests that the effects of corticosterone reflect in part non‐neuronal cells. Together, our data identified new GR targets associated with memory consolidation that reflect effects in both neuronal and non‐neuronal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacobus C Buurstede
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Lisa T C M van Weert
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Paola Colucci
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Max Gentenaar
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Eva M G Viho
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Lisa L Koorneef
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Robin A Schoonderwoerd
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Suzanne D Lanooij
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ioannis Moustakas
- Sequencing Analysis Support Core, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Judit Balog
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Hailiang Mei
- Sequencing Analysis Support Core, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Szymon M Kielbasa
- Department of Medical Statistics and Bioinformatics, Bioinformatics Center of Expertise, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Patrizia Campolongo
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Benno Roozendaal
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Onno C Meijer
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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