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Haque S, Mengersen K, Barr I, Wang L, Yang W, Vardoulakis S, Bambrick H, Hu W. Towards development of functional climate-driven early warning systems for climate-sensitive infectious diseases: Statistical models and recommendations. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 249:118568. [PMID: 38417659 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Climate, weather and environmental change have significantly influenced patterns of infectious disease transmission, necessitating the development of early warning systems to anticipate potential impacts and respond in a timely and effective way. Statistical modelling plays a pivotal role in understanding the intricate relationships between climatic factors and infectious disease transmission. For example, time series regression modelling and spatial cluster analysis have been employed to identify risk factors and predict spatial and temporal patterns of infectious diseases. Recently advanced spatio-temporal models and machine learning offer an increasingly robust framework for modelling uncertainty, which is essential in climate-driven disease surveillance due to the dynamic and multifaceted nature of the data. Moreover, Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques, including deep learning and neural networks, excel in capturing intricate patterns and hidden relationships within climate and environmental data sets. Web-based data has emerged as a powerful complement to other datasets encompassing climate variables and disease occurrences. However, given the complexity and non-linearity of climate-disease interactions, advanced techniques are required to integrate and analyse these diverse data to obtain more accurate predictions of impending outbreaks, epidemics or pandemics. This article presents an overview of an approach to creating climate-driven early warning systems with a focus on statistical model suitability and selection, along with recommendations for utilizing spatio-temporal and machine learning techniques. By addressing the limitations and embracing the recommendations for future research, we could enhance preparedness and response strategies, ultimately contributing to the safeguarding of public health in the face of evolving climate challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shovanur Haque
- Ecosystem Change and Population Health Research Group, School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Kerrie Mengersen
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia; Centre for Data Science (CDS), Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia
| | - Ian Barr
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, VIDRL, Doherty Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Liping Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, Division of Infectious disease, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, China
| | - Weizhong Yang
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Sotiris Vardoulakis
- HEAL Global Research Centre, Health Research Institute, University of Canberra, ACT Canberra, 2601, Australia
| | - Hilary Bambrick
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, The Australian National University, ACT 2601 Canberra, Australia
| | - Wenbiao Hu
- Ecosystem Change and Population Health Research Group, School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.
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Happe M, Hofstetter AR, Wang J, Yamshchikov GV, Holman LA, Novik L, Strom L, Kiweewa F, Wakabi S, Millard M, Kelley CF, Kabbani S, Edupuganti S, Beck A, Kaltovich F, Murray T, Tsukerman S, Carr D, Ashman C, Stanley DA, Ploquin A, Bailer RT, Schwartz R, Cham F, Tindikahwa A, Hu Z, Gordon IJ, Rouphael N, Houser KV, Coates EE, Graham BS, Koup RA, Mascola JR, Sullivan NJ, Robb ML, Ake JA, Lyke KE, Mulligan MJ, Ledgerwood JE, Kibuuka H. Heterologous cAd3-Ebola and MVA-EbolaZ vaccines are safe and immunogenic in US and Uganda phase 1/1b trials. NPJ Vaccines 2024; 9:67. [PMID: 38553525 PMCID: PMC10980745 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-024-00833-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Ebola virus disease (EVD) is a filoviral infection caused by virus species of the Ebolavirus genus including Zaire ebolavirus (EBOV) and Sudan ebolavirus (SUDV). We investigated the safety and immunogenicity of a heterologous prime-boost regimen involving a chimpanzee adenovirus 3 vectored Ebola vaccine [either monovalent (cAd3-EBOZ) or bivalent (cAd3-EBO)] prime followed by a recombinant modified vaccinia virus Ankara EBOV vaccine (MVA-EbolaZ) boost in two phase 1/1b randomized open-label clinical trials in healthy adults in the United States (US) and Uganda (UG). Trial US (NCT02408913) enrolled 140 participants, including 26 EVD vaccine-naïve and 114 cAd3-Ebola-experienced participants (April-November 2015). Trial UG (NCT02354404) enrolled 90 participants, including 60 EVD vaccine-naïve and 30 DNA Ebola vaccine-experienced participants (February-April 2015). All tested vaccines and regimens were safe and well tolerated with no serious adverse events reported related to study products. Solicited local and systemic reactogenicity was mostly mild to moderate in severity. The heterologous prime-boost regimen was immunogenic, including induction of durable antibody responses which peaked as early as two weeks and persisted up to one year after each vaccination. Different prime-boost intervals impacted the magnitude of humoral and cellular immune responses. The results from these studies demonstrate promising implications for use of these vaccines in both prophylactic and outbreak settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myra Happe
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Amelia R Hofstetter
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jing Wang
- Clinical Monitoring Research Program Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Galina V Yamshchikov
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - LaSonji A Holman
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Laura Novik
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Larisa Strom
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Salim Wakabi
- Makerere University-Walter Reed Project, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Monica Millard
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Colleen F Kelley
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, The Hope Clinic of the Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sarah Kabbani
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, The Hope Clinic of the Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Srilatha Edupuganti
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, The Hope Clinic of the Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Allison Beck
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, The Hope Clinic of the Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Florence Kaltovich
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Tamar Murray
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Susanna Tsukerman
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Derick Carr
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Carl Ashman
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Daphne A Stanley
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Aurélie Ploquin
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Robert T Bailer
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Richard Schwartz
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Fatim Cham
- Makerere University-Walter Reed Project, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | - Zonghui Hu
- Biostatistics Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ingelise J Gordon
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nadine Rouphael
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, The Hope Clinic of the Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Katherine V Houser
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Emily E Coates
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Barney S Graham
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Richard A Koup
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - John R Mascola
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nancy J Sullivan
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Merlin L Robb
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Julie A Ake
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Kirsten E Lyke
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mark J Mulligan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, The Hope Clinic of the Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Julie E Ledgerwood
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Hannah Kibuuka
- Makerere University-Walter Reed Project, Kampala, Uganda
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Chitre SD, Crews CM, Tessema MT, Plėštytė-Būtienė I, Coffee M, Richardson ET. The impact of anthropogenic climate change on pediatric viral diseases. Pediatr Res 2024; 95:496-507. [PMID: 38057578 PMCID: PMC10872406 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-023-02929-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
The adverse effects of climate change on human health are unfolding in real time. Environmental fragmentation is amplifying spillover of viruses from wildlife to humans. Increasing temperatures are expanding mosquito and tick habitats, introducing vector-borne viruses into immunologically susceptible populations. More frequent flooding is spreading water-borne viral pathogens, while prolonged droughts reduce regional capacity to prevent and respond to disease outbreaks with adequate water, sanitation, and hygiene resources. Worsening air quality and altered transmission seasons due to an increasingly volatile climate may exacerbate the impacts of respiratory viruses. Furthermore, both extreme weather events and long-term climate variation are causing the destruction of health systems and large-scale migrations, reshaping health care delivery in the face of an evolving global burden of viral disease. Because of their immunological immaturity, differences in physiology (e.g., size), dependence on caregivers, and behavioral traits, children are particularly vulnerable to climate change. This investigation into the unique pediatric viral threats posed by an increasingly inhospitable world elucidates potential avenues of targeted programming and uncovers future research questions to effect equitable, actionable change. IMPACT: A review of the effects of climate change on viral threats to pediatric health, including zoonotic, vector-borne, water-borne, and respiratory viruses, as well as distal threats related to climate-induced migration and health systems. A unique focus on viruses offers a more in-depth look at the effect of climate change on vector competence, viral particle survival, co-morbidities, and host behavior. An examination of children as a particularly vulnerable population provokes programming tailored to their unique set of vulnerabilities and encourages reflection on equitable climate adaptation frameworks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smit D Chitre
- Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Cecilia M Crews
- Heilbrunn Department of Population & Family Health, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mesfin Teklu Tessema
- Heilbrunn Department of Population & Family Health, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA.
- International Rescue Committee, New York, NY, USA.
| | | | - Megan Coffee
- Heilbrunn Department of Population & Family Health, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
- International Rescue Committee, New York, NY, USA
- New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eugene T Richardson
- Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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4
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Guttieres D, Diepvens C, Decouttere C, Vandaele N. Modeling Supply and Demand Dynamics of Vaccines against Epidemic-Prone Pathogens: Case Study of Ebola Virus Disease. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 12:24. [PMID: 38250837 PMCID: PMC10819028 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12010024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Health emergencies caused by epidemic-prone pathogens (EPPs) have increased exponentially in recent decades. Although vaccines have proven beneficial, they are unavailable for many pathogens. Furthermore, achieving timely and equitable access to vaccines against EPPs is not trivial. It requires decision-makers to capture numerous interrelated factors across temporal and spatial scales, with significant uncertainties, variability, delays, and feedback loops that give rise to dynamic and unexpected behavior. Therefore, despite progress in filling R&D gaps, the path to licensure and the long-term viability of vaccines against EPPs continues to be unclear. This paper presents a quantitative system dynamics modeling framework to evaluate the long-term sustainability of vaccine supply under different vaccination strategies. Data from both literature and 50 expert interviews are used to model the supply and demand of a prototypical Ebolavirus Zaire (EBOV) vaccine. Specifically, the case study evaluates dynamics associated with proactive vaccination ahead of an outbreak of similar magnitude as the 2018-2020 epidemic in North Kivu, Democratic Republic of the Congo. The scenarios presented demonstrate how uncertainties (e.g., duration of vaccine-induced protection) and design criteria (e.g., priority geographies and groups, target coverage, frequency of boosters) lead to important tradeoffs across policy aims, public health outcomes, and feasibility (e.g., technical, operational, financial). With sufficient context and data, the framework provides a foundation to apply the model to a broad range of additional geographies and priority pathogens. Furthermore, the ability to identify leverage points for long-term preparedness offers directions for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donovan Guttieres
- Access-to-Medicines Research Centre, Faculty of Economics & Business, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (C.D.); (C.D.); (N.V.)
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5
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Dong J, Wu X, Hu Q, Sun C, Li J, Song P, Su Y, Zhou L. An immobilization-free electrochemical biosensor based on CRISPR/Cas13a and FAM-RNA-MB for simultaneous detection of multiple pathogens. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 241:115673. [PMID: 37717422 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
To better respond to biosecurity issues, we need to build good technology and material reserves for pathogenic microorganism screening. Here, we designed an electrochemical/optical signal probe with a common fluorophore and an electrochemically active group, breaking the previous perception that the signal probe is composed of a fluorophore and a quenching group and realizing the response of three signals: electrochemistry, fluorescence, and direct observation. Then, we proposed a homogeneous electrochemical nucleic acid detection system based on CRISPR/Cas named "HELEN-CR" by integrating free electrochemical/optical signal probes and Cas13a cleavage, achieving a limit of detection of 1 pM within 25 min. To improve the detection sensitivity, we applied recombinase polymerase amplification to amplify the target nucleic acid, achieving a limit of detection of 30 zM within 45 min. Complemented by our self-developed multi-chamber microfluidic chip and portable electrochemical instrument, simultaneous detection of multiple pathogens can be achieved within 50 min, facilitating minimally trained personnel to obtain detection results quickly in a difficult environment. This study proposes a simple, scalable, and general idea and solution for the rapid detection of pathogenic microorganisms and biosecurity monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinying Dong
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, PLA Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Production & Formulation Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiaoya Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, PLA Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Production & Formulation Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qiushi Hu
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, PLA Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Production & Formulation Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Innovation Academy for Green Manufacture Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China; Biosafety Research Center Yangtze River Delta in Zhangjiagang, Suzhou, 215611, China
| | - Chongsi Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, PLA Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Production & Formulation Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Innovation Academy for Green Manufacture Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Jiahao Li
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, PLA Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Production & Formulation Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Innovation Academy for Green Manufacture Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Peng Song
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, PLA Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Production & Formulation Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Innovation Academy for Green Manufacture Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Yan Su
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, PLA Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Production & Formulation Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Innovation Academy for Green Manufacture Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, PLA Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Production & Formulation Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Innovation Academy for Green Manufacture Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China; Biosafety Research Center Yangtze River Delta in Zhangjiagang, Suzhou, 215611, China.
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6
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Cruz GLT, Winck GR, D'Andrea PS, Krempser E, Vidal MM, Andreazzi CS. Integrating databases for spatial analysis of parasite-host associations and the novel Brazilian dataset. Sci Data 2023; 10:757. [PMID: 37919263 PMCID: PMC10622529 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-023-02636-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Incomplete information on parasites, their associated hosts, and their precise geographical location hampers the ability to predict disease emergence in Brazil, a continental-sized country characterised by significant regional disparities. Here, we demonstrate how the NCBI Nucleotide and GBIF databases can be used as complementary databases to study spatially georeferenced parasite-host associations. We also provide a comprehensive dataset of parasites associated with mammal species that occur in Brazil, the Brazilian Mammal Parasite Occurrence Data (BMPO). This dataset integrates wild mammal species' morphological and life-history traits, zoonotic parasite status, and zoonotic microparasite transmission modes. Through meta-networks, comprising interconnected host species linked by shared zoonotic microparasites, we elucidate patterns of zoonotic microparasite dissemination. This approach contributes to wild animal and zoonoses surveillance, identifying and targeting host species accountable for disproportionate levels of parasite sharing within distinct biomes. Moreover, our novel dataset contributes to the refinement of models concerning disease emergence and parasite distribution among host species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella L T Cruz
- Laboratório de Biologia e Parasitologia de Mamíferos Silvestres Reservatórios (LABPMR), Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biodiversidade e Saúde, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Pró-Reitoria de Pós-Graduação, Pesquisa e Inovação (PROPGPI), Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (Unirio), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Gisele R Winck
- Laboratório de Biologia e Parasitologia de Mamíferos Silvestres Reservatórios (LABPMR), Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Paulo S D'Andrea
- Laboratório de Biologia e Parasitologia de Mamíferos Silvestres Reservatórios (LABPMR), Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Krempser
- Plataforma Institucional Biodiversidade e Saúde Silvestre (PIBSS), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Mariana M Vidal
- Laboratório de Biologia e Parasitologia de Mamíferos Silvestres Reservatórios (LABPMR), Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Cecilia S Andreazzi
- Laboratório de Biologia e Parasitologia de Mamíferos Silvestres Reservatórios (LABPMR), Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
- International Platform for Science, Technology and Innovation in Health (PICTIS), Ílhavo, Portugal.
- Departamento de Biodiversidad, Ecología y Evolución, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
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Manno D, Patterson C, Drammeh A, Tetteh K, Kroma MT, Otieno GT, Lawal BJ, Soremekun S, Ayieko P, Gaddah A, Kamara AB, Baiden F, Afolabi MO, Tindanbil D, Owusu-Kyei K, Ishola D, Deen GF, Keshinro B, Njie Y, Samai M, Lowe B, Robinson C, Leigh B, Drakeley C, Greenwood B, Watson-Jones D. The Effect of Previous Exposure to Malaria Infection and Clinical Malaria Episodes on the Immune Response to the Two-Dose Ad26.ZEBOV, MVA-BN-Filo Ebola Vaccine Regimen. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1317. [PMID: 37631885 PMCID: PMC10459393 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11081317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
We assessed whether the immunogenicity of the two-dose Ad26.ZEBOV, MVA-BN-Filo Ebola vaccine regimen with a 56-day interval between doses was affected by exposure to malaria before dose 1 vaccination and by clinical episodes of malaria in the period immediately after dose 1 and after dose 2 vaccinations. Previous malaria exposure in participants in an Ebola vaccine trial in Sierra Leone (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02509494) was classified as low, intermediate, and high according to their antibody responses to a panel of Plasmodium falciparum antigens detected using a Luminex MAGPIX platform. Clinical malaria episodes after vaccinations were recorded as part of the trial safety monitoring. Binding antibody responses against the Ebola virus (EBOV) glycoprotein (GP) were measured 57 days post dose 1 and 21 days post dose 2 by ELISA and summarized as Geometric Mean Concentrations (GMCs). Geometric Mean Ratios (GMRs) were used to compare groups with different levels of exposure to malaria. Overall, 587 participants, comprising 188 (32%) adults (aged ≥ 18 years) and 399 (68%) children (aged 1-3, 4-11, and 12-17 years), were included in the analysis. There was no evidence that the anti-EBOV-GP antibody GMCs post dose 1 and post dose 2 differed between categories of previous malaria exposure. There was weak evidence that the GMC at 57 days post dose 1 was lower in participants who had had at least one episode of clinical malaria post dose 1 compared to participants with no diagnosed clinical malaria in the same period (GMR = 0.82, 95% CI: 0.69-0.98, p-value = 0.02). However, GMC post dose 2 was not reduced in participants who experienced clinical malaria post-dose 1 and/or post-dose 2 vaccinations. In conclusion, the Ad26.ZEBOV, MVA-BN-Filo Ebola vaccine regimen is immunogenic in individuals with previous exposure to malaria and in those who experience clinical malaria after vaccination. This vaccine regimen is suitable for prophylaxis against Ebola virus disease in malaria-endemic regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Manno
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK
| | | | - Abdoulie Drammeh
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK
- EBOVAC Project Office, Kukuna Road, Kambia, Sierra Leone
| | - Kevin Tetteh
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Mattu Tehtor Kroma
- EBOVAC Project Office, Kukuna Road, Kambia, Sierra Leone
- College of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences, University of Sierra Leone, New England Ville, Freetown, Sierra Leone
| | - Godfrey Tuda Otieno
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK
- EBOVAC Project Office, Kukuna Road, Kambia, Sierra Leone
| | - Bolarinde Joseph Lawal
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK
- EBOVAC Project Office, Kukuna Road, Kambia, Sierra Leone
| | - Seyi Soremekun
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Philip Ayieko
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK
- Mwanza Intervention Trials Unit, National Institute for Medical Research, Mwanza P.O. Box 11936, Tanzania
| | | | - Abu Bakarr Kamara
- EBOVAC Project Office, Kukuna Road, Kambia, Sierra Leone
- College of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences, University of Sierra Leone, New England Ville, Freetown, Sierra Leone
| | - Frank Baiden
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK
- EBOVAC Project Office, Kukuna Road, Kambia, Sierra Leone
| | - Muhammed Olanrewaju Afolabi
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK
- EBOVAC Project Office, Kukuna Road, Kambia, Sierra Leone
| | - Daniel Tindanbil
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK
- EBOVAC Project Office, Kukuna Road, Kambia, Sierra Leone
| | - Kwabena Owusu-Kyei
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK
- EBOVAC Project Office, Kukuna Road, Kambia, Sierra Leone
| | - David Ishola
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK
- EBOVAC Project Office, Kukuna Road, Kambia, Sierra Leone
| | - Gibrilla Fadlu Deen
- College of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences, University of Sierra Leone, New England Ville, Freetown, Sierra Leone
| | | | - Yusupha Njie
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK
- EBOVAC Project Office, Kukuna Road, Kambia, Sierra Leone
| | - Mohamed Samai
- College of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences, University of Sierra Leone, New England Ville, Freetown, Sierra Leone
| | - Brett Lowe
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK
- KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi P.O. Box 230, Kenya
| | - Cynthia Robinson
- Janssen Vaccines and Prevention, 2333 CB Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Bailah Leigh
- College of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences, University of Sierra Leone, New England Ville, Freetown, Sierra Leone
| | - Chris Drakeley
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Brian Greenwood
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Deborah Watson-Jones
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK
- Mwanza Intervention Trials Unit, National Institute for Medical Research, Mwanza P.O. Box 11936, Tanzania
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8
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Hassall RMJ, Burthe SJ, Schäfer SM, Hartemink N, Purse BV. Using mechanistic models to highlight research priorities for tick-borne zoonotic diseases: Improving our understanding of the ecology and maintenance of Kyasanur Forest Disease in India. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2023; 17:e0011300. [PMID: 37126514 PMCID: PMC10174626 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The risk of spillover of zoonotic diseases to humans is changing in response to multiple environmental and societal drivers, particularly in tropical regions where the burden of neglected zoonotic diseases is highest and land use change and forest conversion is occurring most rapidly. Neglected zoonotic diseases can have significant impacts on poor and marginalised populations in low-resource settings but ultimately receive less attention and funding for research and interventions. As such, effective control measures and interventions are often hindered by a limited ecological evidence base, which results in a limited understanding of epidemiologically relevant hosts or vectors and the processes that contribute to the maintenance of pathogens and spillover to humans. Here, we develop a generalisable next generation matrix modelling framework to better understand the transmission processes and hosts that have the greatest contribution to the maintenance of tick-borne diseases with the aim of improving the ecological evidence base and framing future research priorities for tick-borne diseases. Using this model we explore the relative contribution of different host groups and transmission routes to the maintenance of a neglected zoonotic tick-borne disease, Kyasanur Forest Disease Virus (KFD), in multiple habitat types. The results highlight the potential importance of transovarial transmission and small mammals and birds in maintaining this disease. This contradicts previous hypotheses that primates play an important role influencing the distribution of infected ticks. There is also a suggestion that risk could vary across different habitat types but currently more research is needed to evaluate this relationship. In light of these results, we outline the key knowledge gaps for this system and future research priorities that could inform effective interventions and control measures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sarah J Burthe
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | | | - Nienke Hartemink
- Biometris, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Quantitative Veterinary Epidemiology group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Bethan V Purse
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Wallingford, United Kingdom
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9
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Ganglo JC. Ecological niche model transferability of the white star apple (Chrysophyllum albidum G. Don) in the context of climate and global changes. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2430. [PMID: 36765149 PMCID: PMC9918511 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29048-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Chrysophyllum albidum is a forest food tree species of the Sapotaceae family bearing large berries of nutrition, sanitary, and commercial value in many African countries. Because of its socioeconomic importance, C. albidum is threatened at least by human pressure. However, we do not know to what extent climate change can impact its distribution or whether it is possible to introduce the species in other tropical regions. To resolve our concerns, we decided to model the spatial distribution of the species. We then used the SDM package for data modeling in R to compare the predictive performances of algorithms among the most commonly used: three machine learning algorithms (MaxEnt, boosted regression trees, and random forests) and three regression algorithms (generalized linear model, generalized additive models, and multivariate adaptive regression spline). We performed model transfers in tropical Asia and Latin America. At the scale of Africa, predictions with respect to Maxent under Africlim (scenarios RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5, horizon 2055) and MIROCES2L (scenarios SSP245 and SSP585, horizon 2060) showed that the suitable areas of C. albidum, within threshold values of the most contributing variables to the models, will extend mostly in West, East, Central, and Southern Africa as well as in East Madagascar. As opposed to Maxent, in Africa, the predictions for the future of BRT and RF were unrealistic with respect to the known ecology of C. albidum. All the algorithms except Maxent (for tropical Asia only), were consistent in predicting a successful introduction of C. albidum in Latin America and tropical Asia, both at present and in the future. We therefore recommend the introduction and cultivation of Chrysophyllum albidum in the predicted suitable areas of Latin America and tropical Asia, along with vegetation inventories in order to discover likely, sister or vicarious species of Chrysophyllum albidum that can be new to Science. Africlim is more successful than MIROCES2L in predicting realistic suitable areas of Chrysophyllum albidum in Africa. We therefore recommend to the authors of Africlim an update of Africlim models to comply with the sixth Assessment Report (AR6) of IPCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Cossi Ganglo
- Laboratory of Forest Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Abomey-Calavi (Benin), Abomey-Calavi, Benin.
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10
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Epidemiological Context and Risk Factors Associated with the Evolution of the Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19): A Retrospective Cohort Study. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10112139. [DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10112139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Since its initial appearance in December 2019, COVID-19 has posed a serious challenge to healthcare authorities worldwide. The purpose of the current study was to identify the epidemiological context associated with the respiratory illness propagated by the spread of COVID-19 and outline various risk factors related to its evolution in the province of Debila (Southeastern Algeria). A retrospective analysis was carried out for a cohort of 612 COVID-19 patients admitted to hospitals between March 2020 and February 2022. The results were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Further, logistic regression analysis was employed to perform the odds ratio. In gendered comparison, males were found to have a higher rate of incidence and mortality compared to females. In terms of age, individuals with advanced ages of 60 years or over were typically correlated with higher rates of incidence and mortality in comparison toindividuals below this age. Furthermore, the current research indicated that peri-urban areas were less affected that the urban regions, which had relatively significant incidence and mortality rates. The summer season was marked with the highest incidence and mortality rate in comparison with other seasons. Patients who were hospitalized, were the age of 60 or over, or characterized by comorbidity, were mainly associated with death evolution (odds ratio [OR] = 8.695; p = 0.000), (OR = 6.192; p = 0.000), and (OR = 2.538; p = 0.000), respectively. The study identifies an important relationship between the sanitary status of patients, hospitalization, over-age categories, and the case severity of the COVID-19 patient.
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11
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Jagadesh S, Combe M, Gozlan RE. Human-Altered Landscapes and Climate to Predict Human Infectious Disease Hotspots. Trop Med Infect Dis 2022; 7:tropicalmed7070124. [PMID: 35878136 PMCID: PMC9325272 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed7070124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Zoonotic diseases account for more than 70% of emerging infectious diseases (EIDs). Due to their increasing incidence and impact on global health and the economy, the emergence of zoonoses is a major public health challenge. Here, we use a biogeographic approach to predict future hotspots and determine the factors influencing disease emergence. We have focused on the following three viral disease groups of concern: Filoviridae, Coronaviridae, and Henipaviruses. Methods: We modelled presence–absence data in spatially explicit binomial and zero-inflation binomial logistic regressions with and without autoregression. Presence data were extracted from published studies for the three EID groups. Various environmental and demographical rasters were used to explain the distribution of the EIDs. True Skill Statistic and deviance parameters were used to compare the accuracy of the different models. Results: For each group of viruses, we were able to identify and map areas at high risk of disease emergence based on the spatial distribution of the disease reservoirs and hosts of the three viral groups. Common influencing factors of disease emergence were climatic covariates (minimum temperature and rainfall) and human-induced land modifications. Conclusions: Using topographical, climatic, and previous disease outbreak reports, we can identify and predict future high-risk areas for disease emergence and their specific underlying human and environmental drivers. We suggest that such a predictive approach to EIDs should be carefully considered in the development of active surveillance systems for pathogen emergence and epidemics at local and global scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soushieta Jagadesh
- Heath Geography and Policy, ETH Zurich, Sonneggstrasse 33, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
- Correspondence:
| | - Marine Combe
- ISEM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, 34090 Montpellier, France; (M.C.); (R.E.G.)
| | - Rodolphe Elie Gozlan
- ISEM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, 34090 Montpellier, France; (M.C.); (R.E.G.)
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12
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Mathavarajah S, Melin A, Dellaire G. SARS-CoV-2 and wastewater: What does it mean for non-human primates? Am J Primatol 2022; 84:e23340. [PMID: 34662463 PMCID: PMC8646409 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.23340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
In most of our lifetimes, we have not faced a global pandemic such as the novel coronavirus disease 2019. The world has changed as a result. However, it is not only humans who are affected by a pandemic of this scale. Our closest relatives, the non-human primates (NHPs) who encounter researchers, sanctuary/zoo employees, and tourists, are also potentially at risk of contracting the virus from humans due to similar genetic susceptibility. "Anthropozoonosis"-the transmission of diseases from humans to other species-has occurred historically, resulting in infection of NHPs with human pathogens that have led to disastrous outbreaks. Recent studies have assessed the susceptibility of NHPs and predict that catarrhine primates and some lemurs are potentially highly susceptible to infection by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus. There is accumulating evidence that a new factor to consider with the spread of the virus is fecal-oral transmission. The virus has been detected in the watersheds of countries with underdeveloped infrastructure where raw sewage enters the environment directly without processing. This may expose NHPs, and other animals, to SARS-CoV-2 through wastewater contact. Here, we address these concerns and discuss recent evidence. Overall, we suggest that the risk of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 via wastewater is low. Nonetheless, tracking of viral RNA in wastewater does provide a unique testing approach to help protect NHPs at zoos and wildlife sanctuaries. A One Health approach going forward is perhaps the best way to protect these animals from a novel virus, the same way that we would protect ourselves.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amanda Melin
- Department of Anthropology and ArchaeologyUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryAlbertaCanada
| | - Graham Dellaire
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of MedicineDalhousie UniversityHalifaxNova ScotiaCanada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of MedicineDalhousie UniversityHalifaxNova ScotiaCanada
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13
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Vounba P, Loul S, Tamadea LF, Siawaya JFD. Microbiology laboratories involved in disease and antimicrobial resistance surveillance: Strengths and challenges of the central African states. Afr J Lab Med 2022; 11:1570. [PMID: 35402201 PMCID: PMC8991180 DOI: 10.4102/ajlm.v11i1.1570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Laboratory systems have been largely neglected on the margins of health systems in Africa. However, since the 2000s, many African countries have benefited from massive investments to strengthen laboratory capacities through projects fighting priority diseases (HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria). This review examined the laboratory capacities of the Economic Community of Central African States (ECCAS). Online research using specific terms was carried out. Studies published between 2000 and 2021 on the role of the laboratory in disease and antimicrobial resistance surveillance in the 11 ECCAS countries were considered. The number of human and animal health laboratories meeting international standards was very low in the sub-region. There were only seven International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 15189-accredited human health laboratories, with five in Cameroon and two in Rwanda. There were five high biosafety level (BSL) laboratories (one BSL3 laboratory each in Cameroon, the Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo and the Republic of Congo, and one BSL4 laboratory in Gabon) and three ISO 17025-accredited laboratories in the ECCAS sub-region. Only six countries currently have whole-genome sequencing devices, which is insufficient for a sub-region as large and populous as ECCAS. Yet, a plethora of pathogens, particularly haemorrhagic viruses, are endemic in these countries. The need for laboratory capacity strengthening following a One Health approach is imperative. Since emerging and re-emerging zoonotic infectious diseases are projected to triple in frequency over the next 50 years and given the inextricable link between human and animal health, actors in the two health sectors must collaborate to preserve world health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Passoret Vounba
- Economic Community of Central African States (ECCAS) Commission/Fourth phase of the Regional Disease Surveillance Systems Enhancement Project (REDISSE IV), Libreville, Gabon
| | - Severin Loul
- Economic Community of Central African States (ECCAS) Commission/Fourth phase of the Regional Disease Surveillance Systems Enhancement Project (REDISSE IV), Libreville, Gabon
| | - Ludovic F Tamadea
- Economic Community of Central African States (ECCAS) Commission/Fourth phase of the Regional Disease Surveillance Systems Enhancement Project (REDISSE IV), Libreville, Gabon
| | - Joël F D Siawaya
- Department of Laboratory Services, CHU Mère-Enfant Fondation Jeanne EBORI, Libreville, Gabon.,Regional Integrated Surveillance and Laboratory Network (RISLNET) for Central Africa, Libreville, Gabon
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14
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Spatiotemporal Variations of Plague Risk in the Tibetan Plateau from 1954-2016. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11020304. [PMID: 35205170 PMCID: PMC8869688 DOI: 10.3390/biology11020304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Plague persists in the plague natural foci today. Although previous studies have found climate drives plague dynamics, quantitative analysis on animal plague risk under climate change remains understudied. Here, we analyzed plague dynamics in the Tibetan Plateau (TP) which is a climate-sensitive area and one of the most severe animal plague areas in China to disentangle variations in marmot plague enzootic foci, diffusion patterns, and their possible links with climate and anthropogenic factors. Specifically, we developed a time-sharing ecological niche modelling framework to identify finer potential plague territories and their temporal epidemic trends. Models were conducted by assembling animal records and multi-source ecophysiological variables with actual ecological effects (both climatic predictors and landscape factors) and driven by matching plague strains to periods corresponding to meteorological datasets. The models identified abundant animal plague territories over the TP and suggested the spatial patterns varied spatiotemporal dimension across the years, undergoing repeated spreading and contractions. Plague risk increased in the 1980s and 2000s, with the risk area increasing by 17.7 and 55.5 thousand km2, respectively. The 1990s and 2010s were decades of decreased risk, with reductions of 71.9 and 39.5 thousand km2, respectively. Further factor analysis showed that intrinsic conditions (i.e., elevation, soil, and geochemical landscape) provided fundamental niches. In contrast, climatic conditions, especially precipitation, led to niche differentiation and resulted in varied spatial patterns. Additionally, while increased human interference may temporarily reduce plague risks, there is a strong possibility of recurrence. This study reshaped the plague distribution at multiple time scales in the TP and revealed multifactorial synergistic effects on the spreading and contraction of plague foci, confirming that TP plague is increasingly sensitive to climate change. These findings may facilitate groups to take measures to combat the plague threats and prevent potential future human plague from occurring.
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15
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Bernard K, Davis A, Simpson IM, Hale VL, Lee J, Winston RJ. Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in urban stormwater: An environmental reservoir and potential interface between human and animal sources. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 807:151046. [PMID: 34673059 PMCID: PMC8522674 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
While wastewater has been found to harbor SARS-CoV-2, the persistence of SARSCoV-2 in stormwater and potential transmission is poorly understood. It is plausible that the virus is detectable in stormwater samples where human-originated fecal contamination may have occurred from sources like sanitary sewer overflows, leaky wastewater pipes, and non-human animal waste. Because of these potential contamination pathways, it is possible that stormwater could serve as an environmental reservoir and transmission pathway for SARS-CoV-2. The objectives of this study are: 1) determine whether the presence of SARS-CoV-2 could be detected in stormwater via RT-ddPCR (reverse transcription-digital droplet PCR); 2) quantify human-specific fecal contamination using microbial source tracking; and 3) examine whether rainfall characteristics influence virus concentrations. To accomplish these objectives, we investigated whether SARS-CoV-2 could be detected from 10 storm sewer outfalls each draining a single, dominant land use in Columbus, Xenia, and Springboro, Ohio. Of the 25 samples collected in 2020, at minimum one SARS-CoV-2 target gene (N2 [US-CDC and CN-CDC], and E) was detected in 22 samples (88%). A single significant correlation (p = 0.001), between antecedent dry period and the USCDC N2 gene, was found between target gene concentrations and rainfall characteristics. Grouped by city, two significant relationships emerged showing cities had different levels of the SARS-CoV-2 E gene. Given the differences in scale, the county-level COVID-19 confirmed cases COVID-19 rates were not significantly correlated with stormwater outfall-scale SARS-CoV-2 gene concentrations. Countywide COVID-19 data did not accurately portray neighborhood-scale confirmed COVID-19 case rates. Potential hazards may arise when human fecal contamination is present in stormwater and facilitates future investigation on the threat of viral outbreaks via surfaces waters where fecal contamination may have occurred. Future studies should investigate whether humans are able to contract SARS-CoV-2 from surface waters and the factors that may affect viral longevity and transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kay Bernard
- Department of Food, Agricultural, and Biological Engineering, The Ohio State University, 590 Woody Hayes Dr., Columbus, OH, USA.
| | - Angela Davis
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, 1841 Neil Ave, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Ian M Simpson
- Department of Food, Agricultural, and Biological Engineering, The Ohio State University, 590 Woody Hayes Dr., Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Vanessa L Hale
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, 1920 Coffey Rd, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jiyoung Lee
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, 1841 Neil Ave, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Food Science and Technology, The Ohio State University, 2021 Fyffe Rd, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Ryan J Winston
- Department of Food, Agricultural, and Biological Engineering, The Ohio State University, 590 Woody Hayes Dr., Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Civil, Environmental, and Geodetic Engineering, The Ohio State University, 2070 Neil Ave., Columbus, OH, USA
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16
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Basu S, Sen S. COVID 19 Pandemic, Socio-Economic Behaviour and Infection Characteristics: An Inter-Country Predictive Study Using Deep Learning. COMPUTATIONAL ECONOMICS 2022; 61:645-676. [PMID: 35095204 PMCID: PMC8789377 DOI: 10.1007/s10614-021-10223-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This work aims to develop a data driven multi-horizon incidence forecasting model considering the inter-country variability in static socio-economic factors. The specific objectives of this study are to predict the future country-wise COVID 19 incidences, to locate the influences of individual socio-economic factors on the predictions, to analyze the clusters of countries on the basis of influential explanatory variables and thus to search for intra-cluster and inter-cluster characteristics. To that respect this study has used the deep neural network based temporal fusion transformer for the predictions, Pearson correlation to understand the influence of socio-economic variables on incidence and hierarchical clustering for cluster-analysis. The findings conclude that the inter-country infection related predictions vary widely over spatio-temporal variability and different socio-economic variables have different influences over this inter-country variability. It is observed that greater the population size, stronger the global connectedness, larger the social cohesion, higher the population density and meaningful the gender based discrimination higher will be the future spread. On the other hand greater the development level, higher the nutritional status, greater the access to quality health services, greater the urban population and greater the material poverty lesser will be the future spread. Definite spatial pattern of influence of the explanatory variables emerged from cluster analysis. To minimize the vulnerability towards unforeseen biological calamities modern and sustainable development policies are needed; affluence may not guarantee less infection. But these policies should vary between economies due to the variation in socio-economic status of the countries worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinka Basu
- Department of Engineering and Technological Studies, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, West Bengal 741235 India
| | - Sugata Sen
- Department of Economics, Panskura Banamali College (Autonomous), Panskura, Purba Medinipur, West Bengal 721152 India
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17
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Siddique AB, Haynes KE, Kulkarni R, Li MH. Regional poverty and infection disease: early exploratory evidence from the COVID-19 pandemic. THE ANNALS OF REGIONAL SCIENCE 2022; 70:209-236. [PMID: 35095179 PMCID: PMC8786591 DOI: 10.1007/s00168-022-01109-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This paper examines the role of regional poverty on the COVID-19 pandemic in the USA. It also explores how the effects differ with the concentration of ethnic minorities. We find that poverty is a significant and consistent determinant of higher COVID-19 infections and fatalities. Prevalent poverty areas experienced higher infections due to economic structure that require hypermobility (high mobility and interpersonal interaction)-more physical human to human contact resulting in higher deaths from limited access to health services. These are also regions where minority groups are concentrated. Disproportionate infections and fatalities occurred within the black, Hispanic, and Asian population. Our evidence is robust to state fixed effects that capture local COVID-19 mitigation policies, multi-level hierarchical modeling, spatial autoregressive assessment, and large sets of county-level health, social, and economic factors. This paper contributes to the literature on health and economic disparities and their resulting consequences for infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abu Bakkar Siddique
- Schar School of Policy and Government, George Mason University, Arlington, VA 22201 USA
| | - Kingsley E. Haynes
- Schar School of Policy and Government, George Mason University, Arlington, VA 22201 USA
| | - Rajendra Kulkarni
- Schar School of Policy and Government, George Mason University, Arlington, VA 22201 USA
| | - Meng-Hao Li
- Schar School of Policy and Government, George Mason University, Arlington, VA 22201 USA
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18
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Impact of Climate Change on the Hydrological Regime of the Yarkant River Basin, China: An Assessment Using Three SSP Scenarios of CMIP6 GCMs. REMOTE SENSING 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/rs14010115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Quantification of the impacts of climate change on streamflow and other hydrological parameters is of high importance and remains a challenge in arid areas. This study applied a modified distributed hydrological model (HEC-HMS) to the Yarkant River basin, China to assess hydrological changes under future climate change scenarios. Climate change was assessed based on six CMIP6 general circulation models (GCMs), three shared socio-economic pathways (SSP126, SSP245, SSP370), and several bias correction methods, whereas hydrological regime changes were assessed over two timeframes, referred to as the near future (2021–2049) and the far future (2071–2099). Results demonstrate that the DM (distribution mapping) and LOCI (local intensity scaling) bias correction methods most closely fit the projections of temperature and precipitation, respectively. The climate projections predicted a rise in temperature of 1.72–1.79 °C under the three SSP scenarios for the near future, and 3.76–6.22 °C under the three SSPs for the far future. Precipitation increased by 10.79–12% in the near future, and by 14.82–29.07% during the far future. It is very likely that streamflow will increase during both the near future (10.62–19.2%) and far future (36.69–70.4%) under all three scenarios. The increase in direct flow will be greater than baseflow. Summer and winter streamflow will increase the most, while the increase in streamflow was projected to reach a maximum during June and July over the near future. Over the far future, runoff reached a peak in May and June. The timing of peak streamflow will change from August to July in comparison to historical records. Both high- and low-flow magnitudes during March, April, and May (MAM) as well as June, July, and August (JJA) will increase by varying degrees, whereas the frequency of low flows will decrease during both MAM and JJA. High flow frequency in JJA was projected to decrease. Overall, our results reveal that the hydrological regime of the Yarkant River is likely to change and will be characterized by larger seasonal uncertainty and more frequent extreme events due to significant warming over the two periods. These changes should be seriously considered during policy development.
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19
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Roberts M, Dobson A, Restif O, Wells K. Challenges in modelling the dynamics of infectious diseases at the wildlife-human interface. Epidemics 2021; 37:100523. [PMID: 34856500 PMCID: PMC8603269 DOI: 10.1016/j.epidem.2021.100523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The Covid-19 pandemic is of zoonotic origin, and many other emerging infections of humans have their origin in an animal host population. We review the challenges involved in modelling the dynamics of wildlife–human interfaces governing infectious disease emergence and spread. We argue that we need a better understanding of the dynamic nature of such interfaces, the underpinning diversity of pathogens and host–pathogen association networks, and the scales and frequencies at which environmental conditions enable spillover and host shifting from animals to humans to occur. The major drivers of the emergence of zoonoses are anthropogenic, including the global change in climate and land use. These, and other ecological processes pose challenges that must be overcome to counterbalance pandemic risk. The development of more detailed and nuanced models will provide better tools for analysing and understanding infectious disease emergence and spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mick Roberts
- School of Natural & Computational Sciences, New Zealand Institute for Advanced Study and the Infectious Disease Research Centre, Massey University, Private Bag 102 904, North Shore Mail Centre, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Andrew Dobson
- EEB, Eno Hall, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA; Santa Fe Institute, Hyde Park Rd., Santa Fe, NM, USA
| | - Olivier Restif
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ES, UK
| | - Konstans Wells
- Department of Biosciences, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
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20
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Lee-Cruz L, Lenormand M, Cappelle J, Caron A, De Nys H, Peeters M, Bourgarel M, Roger F, Tran A. Mapping of Ebola virus spillover: Suitability and seasonal variability at the landscape scale. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009683. [PMID: 34424896 PMCID: PMC8425568 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The unexpected Ebola virus outbreak in West Africa in 2014 involving the Zaire ebolavirus made clear that other regions outside Central Africa, its previously documented niche, were at risk of future epidemics. The complex transmission cycle and a lack of epidemiological data make mapping areas at risk of the disease challenging. We used a Geographic Information System-based multicriteria evaluation (GIS-MCE), a knowledge-based approach, to identify areas suitable for Ebola virus spillover to humans in regions of Guinea, Congo and Gabon where Ebola viruses already emerged. We identified environmental, climatic and anthropogenic risk factors and potential hosts from a literature review. Geographical data layers, representing risk factors, were combined to produce suitability maps of Ebola virus spillover at the landscape scale. Our maps show high spatial and temporal variability in the suitability for Ebola virus spillover at a fine regional scale. Reported spillover events fell in areas of intermediate to high suitability in our maps, and a sensitivity analysis showed that the maps produced were robust. There are still important gaps in our knowledge about what factors are associated with the risk of Ebola virus spillover. As more information becomes available, maps produced using the GIS-MCE approach can be easily updated to improve surveillance and the prevention of future outbreaks. Ebola virus disease is a highly pathogenic disease transmitted from wildlife to humans. It was first described in 1976 and its distribution remained restricted to Central Africa until 2014, when an outbreak in West Africa, causing more than 28,000 cases and more than 11,000 deaths, took place. Anthropogenic factors, such as bushmeat hunting, trade and consumption, and environmental and climatic factors, may promote the contact between humans and infected animals, such as bats, primates and duikers, increasing the risk of virus transmission to the human population. In this study, we used the spatial multicriteria evaluation framework to gather all available information on risk factors and animal species susceptible to infection, and produce maps of areas suitable for Ebola virus spillover in regions in Guinea, Congo and Gabon. The resulting maps highlighted high spatial and temporal variability in the suitability for Ebola virus spillover. Data from reported cases of Ebola virus transmission from wild animals to humans were used to validate the maps. The approach developed is capable of integrating a wide diversity of risk factors, and provides a flexible and simple tool for surveillance, which can be updated as more data and knowledge on risk factors become available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larisa Lee-Cruz
- CIRAD, UMR ASTRE, Montpellier, France
- ASTRE, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Montpellier, France
- CIRAD, UMR TETIS, Montpellier, France
- TETIS, Univ Montpellier, AgroParisTech, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAE, Montpellier, France
| | - Maxime Lenormand
- TETIS, Univ Montpellier, AgroParisTech, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAE, Montpellier, France
| | - Julien Cappelle
- CIRAD, UMR ASTRE, Montpellier, France
- ASTRE, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Montpellier, France
| | - Alexandre Caron
- CIRAD, UMR ASTRE, Montpellier, France
- ASTRE, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Montpellier, France
- Faculdade Veterinaria, Universidade Eduardo Mondlane, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Hélène De Nys
- ASTRE, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Montpellier, France
- CIRAD, UMR ASTRE, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Martine Peeters
- TransVIHMI, IRD, INSERM, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Mathieu Bourgarel
- ASTRE, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Montpellier, France
- CIRAD, UMR ASTRE, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - François Roger
- CIRAD, UMR ASTRE, Montpellier, France
- ASTRE, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Montpellier, France
| | - Annelise Tran
- CIRAD, UMR ASTRE, Montpellier, France
- ASTRE, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Montpellier, France
- CIRAD, UMR TETIS, Montpellier, France
- TETIS, Univ Montpellier, AgroParisTech, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAE, Montpellier, France
- * E-mail:
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21
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Fontes CM, Lipes BD, Liu J, Agans KN, Yan A, Shi P, Cruz DF, Kelly G, Luginbuhl KM, Joh DY, Foster SL, Heggestad J, Hucknall A, Mikkelsen MH, Pieper CF, Horstmeyer RW, Geisbert TW, Gunn MD, Chilkoti A. Ultrasensitive point-of-care immunoassay for secreted glycoprotein detects Ebola infection earlier than PCR. Sci Transl Med 2021; 13:13/588/eabd9696. [PMID: 33827978 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abd9696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Ebola virus (EBOV) hemorrhagic fever outbreaks have been challenging to deter due to the lack of health care infrastructure in disease-endemic countries and a corresponding inability to diagnose and contain the disease at an early stage. EBOV vaccines and therapies have improved disease outcomes, but the advent of an affordable, easily accessed, mass-produced rapid diagnostic test (RDT) that matches the performance of more resource-intensive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays would be invaluable in containing future outbreaks. Here, we developed and demonstrated the performance of a new ultrasensitive point-of-care immunoassay, the EBOV D4 assay, which targets the secreted glycoprotein of EBOV. The EBOV D4 assay is 1000-fold more sensitive than the U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approved RDTs and detected EBOV infection earlier than PCR in a standard nonhuman primate model. The EBOV D4 assay is suitable for low-resource settings and may facilitate earlier detection, containment, and treatment during outbreaks of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassio M Fontes
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Barbara D Lipes
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Jason Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Krystle N Agans
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.,Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX 77550, USA
| | - Aiwei Yan
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Patricia Shi
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Daniela F Cruz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Garrett Kelly
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Kelli M Luginbuhl
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Daniel Y Joh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Stephanie L Foster
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.,Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX 77550, USA
| | - Jacob Heggestad
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Angus Hucknall
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Maiken H Mikkelsen
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Carl F Pieper
- Departments of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Roarke W Horstmeyer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Thomas W Geisbert
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.,Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX 77550, USA
| | - Michael D Gunn
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
| | - Ashutosh Chilkoti
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
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22
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Towards an ecosystem model of infectious disease. Nat Ecol Evol 2021; 5:907-918. [PMID: 34002048 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-021-01454-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Increasingly intimate associations between human society and the natural environment are driving the emergence of novel pathogens, with devastating consequences for humans and animals alike. Prior to emergence, these pathogens exist within complex ecological systems that are characterized by trophic interactions between parasites, their hosts and the environment. Predicting how disturbance to these ecological systems places people and animals at risk from emerging pathogens-and the best ways to manage this-remains a significant challenge. Predictive systems ecology models are powerful tools for the reconstruction of ecosystem function but have yet to be considered for modelling infectious disease. Part of this stems from a mistaken tendency to forget about the role that pathogens play in structuring the abundance and interactions of the free-living species favoured by systems ecologists. Here, we explore how developing and applying these more complete systems ecology models at a landscape scale would greatly enhance our understanding of the reciprocal interactions between parasites, pathogens and the environment, placing zoonoses in an ecological context, while identifying key variables and simplifying assumptions that underly pathogen host switching and animal-to-human spillover risk. As well as transforming our understanding of disease ecology, this would also allow us to better direct resources in preparation for future pandemics.
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23
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Babuna P, Han C, Li M, Gyilbag A, Dehui B, Awudi DA, Supe Tulcan RX, Yang S, Yang X. The effect of human settlement temperature and humidity on the growth rules of infected and recovered cases of COVID-19. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 197:111106. [PMID: 33848552 PMCID: PMC8049428 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the impact of humidity and temperature on the spread of COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) by statistically comparing modelled pandemic dynamics (daily infection and recovery cases) with daily temperature and humidity of three climate zones (Mainland China, South America and Africa) from January to August 2020. We modelled the pandemic growth using a simple logistic function to derive information of the viral infection and describe the growth of infected and recovered cases. The results indicate that the infected and recovered cases of the first wave were controlled in China and managed in both South America and Africa. There is a negative correlation between both humidity (r = - 0.21; p = 0.27) and temperature (r = -0.22; p = 0.24) with spread of the virus. Though this study did not fully encompass socio-cultural factors, we recognise that local government responses, general health policies, population density and transportation could also affect the spread of the virus. The pandemic can be managed better in the second wave if stricter safety protocols are implemented. We urge various units to collaborate strongly and call on countries to adhere to stronger safety protocols in the second wave.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pius Babuna
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Department of Geography and Environmental Science, The University of Reading, Whiteknights, P.O. Box 227, Reading RG6 6AB, UK
| | - Chuanliang Han
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Meijia Li
- Faculty of Psychology and Center for Neuroscience, Vrije University Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Amatus Gyilbag
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture (GSCAAS), Haidian District, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Bian Dehui
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Doris Abra Awudi
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Longmian Avenue 101, Nanjing 211166, China
| | | | - Saini Yang
- Academy of Disaster Reduction and Emergency Management, Ministry of Emergency Management and Ministry of Education, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Change and Natural Disaster, Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Xiaohua Yang
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
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24
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Machalaba C, Uhart M, Ryser-Degiorgis MP, Karesh WB. Gaps in health security related to wildlife and environment affecting pandemic prevention and preparedness, 2007-2020. Bull World Health Organ 2021; 99:342-350B. [PMID: 33958822 PMCID: PMC8061663 DOI: 10.2471/blt.20.272690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe and quantify the extent of wildlife and environment sector inclusion in country evaluation and prioritization tools for health security, and to provide practical recommendations for global and national action to improve pandemic prevention and preparedness. METHODS To assess coverage of wildlife and other environmental aspects, we reviewed major health security reports (including World Organisation for Animal Health Performance of Veterinary Services reports, and World Health Organization Joint External Evaluations and follow-on National Action Plans for Health Security) published by 107 countries and territories. We extracted information on stated coverage gaps, wildlife surveillance systems and priority diseases. We also searched National Biodiversity Strategies and Action Plans published by 125 countries to assess whether disease surveillance or prevention activities were included. FINDINGS We noted that the occurrence frequency of keywords indicative of wildlife, environment, biodiversity and climate factors varied with type of report and between countries. We found that more than half (57.9%, 62/107) of the reporting countries did not provide any evidence of a functional wildlife health surveillance programme. Most countries (83.2%, 89/107) indicated specific gaps in operations, coordination, scope or capacity. Only eight of the 125 countries (6.4%) publishing a National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan reported tangible activities related to wildlife health or zoonotic disease. CONCLUSION Overall, despite their importance for pandemic prevention, wildlife and environmental considerations are neglected in health security priorities and plans. Strengthening wildlife health capacity and operations should be emphasized in One Health efforts to monitor and mitigate known and novel disease risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Machalaba
- EcoHealth Alliance, 520 Eighth Avenue, Suite 1200, New York, NY 10018, United States of America (USA)
| | - Marcela Uhart
- One Health Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, USA
| | - Marie-Pierre Ryser-Degiorgis
- Centre for Fish and Wildlife Health, Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - William B Karesh
- EcoHealth Alliance, 520 Eighth Avenue, Suite 1200, New York, NY 10018, United States of America (USA)
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25
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Ochu CL, Akande OW, Ihekweazu V, Kaduru C, Akomolafe O, Egwuenu A, Anueyiagu C, Agenyi J, Ejibe U, Falola-Anoemuah Y, Umar-Farouk O, Oyebanji O, Fagbemi B, Oguanuo C, Ojumu T, Saad H, Mohammed T, Disu Y, Ihekweazu C. Responding to a Pandemic Through Social and Behavior Change Communication: Nigeria's Experience. Health Secur 2020; 19:223-228. [PMID: 33346721 PMCID: PMC8060721 DOI: 10.1089/hs.2020.0151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chinwe Lucia Ochu
- Chinwe Lucia Ochu, MPH, is Acting Director; Abiodun Egwuenu, MPH, is an Epidemiologist; Chimezie Anueyiagu is a Health Education Officer; Chukwuemeka Oguanuo is Corporate Communications, External Comms Lead; and Yahaya Disu, MPH, is Technical Assistant to the Director General on Operations; all in Prevention, Programmes & Knowledge Management, Nigeria Centre for Disease Control, Abuja, Nigeria. Oreoluwa Akomolafe, MSc, is Technical Assistant to the Director General; Jeremiah Agenyi is a Communication Consultant, Corporate Communications; Oyeronke Oyebanji is a Strategy Coordinator; Tijesu Ojumu is Corporate Communications, Multimedia Lead; Tarik Mohammed is a Scientific Officer; and Chikwe Ihekweazu is Director General; all in the Office of the Director General, Nigeria Centre for Disease Control, Abuja, Nigeria. Hadiza Saad, MPH, is a Scientific Office, Surveillance and Epidemiology, also with Nigeria Centre for Disease Control, Abuja, Nigeria. Oluwatosin Wuraola Akande, MWACP, is a Public Health Physician, Epidemiology and Community Health; University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Kwara State, Nigeria. Vivianne Ihekweazu, MSc, is Managing Director, Management, Nigeria Health Watch; Chijioke Kaduru, MPH, is Technical Director, Health Division, Corona Management Systems; Ukwori Ejibe, MPA, is Governance Advisor, Strategic Communications and Partnerships, Tony Blair Institute for Global Change; Yinka Falola-Anoemuah, PhD, is Deputy Director and Lead, Gender Human Rights and Care Support Services, Community Prevention and Care Services, National Agency for the Control of AIDS; Olayinka Umar-Farouk, MBA, is Senior Technical Advisor, Management, Breakthrough ACTION Nigeria; and Babafunke Fagbemi, MBA, is Executive Director, Management, Centre for Communication and Social Impact; all in Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Oluwatosin Wuraola Akande
- Chinwe Lucia Ochu, MPH, is Acting Director; Abiodun Egwuenu, MPH, is an Epidemiologist; Chimezie Anueyiagu is a Health Education Officer; Chukwuemeka Oguanuo is Corporate Communications, External Comms Lead; and Yahaya Disu, MPH, is Technical Assistant to the Director General on Operations; all in Prevention, Programmes & Knowledge Management, Nigeria Centre for Disease Control, Abuja, Nigeria. Oreoluwa Akomolafe, MSc, is Technical Assistant to the Director General; Jeremiah Agenyi is a Communication Consultant, Corporate Communications; Oyeronke Oyebanji is a Strategy Coordinator; Tijesu Ojumu is Corporate Communications, Multimedia Lead; Tarik Mohammed is a Scientific Officer; and Chikwe Ihekweazu is Director General; all in the Office of the Director General, Nigeria Centre for Disease Control, Abuja, Nigeria. Hadiza Saad, MPH, is a Scientific Office, Surveillance and Epidemiology, also with Nigeria Centre for Disease Control, Abuja, Nigeria. Oluwatosin Wuraola Akande, MWACP, is a Public Health Physician, Epidemiology and Community Health; University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Kwara State, Nigeria. Vivianne Ihekweazu, MSc, is Managing Director, Management, Nigeria Health Watch; Chijioke Kaduru, MPH, is Technical Director, Health Division, Corona Management Systems; Ukwori Ejibe, MPA, is Governance Advisor, Strategic Communications and Partnerships, Tony Blair Institute for Global Change; Yinka Falola-Anoemuah, PhD, is Deputy Director and Lead, Gender Human Rights and Care Support Services, Community Prevention and Care Services, National Agency for the Control of AIDS; Olayinka Umar-Farouk, MBA, is Senior Technical Advisor, Management, Breakthrough ACTION Nigeria; and Babafunke Fagbemi, MBA, is Executive Director, Management, Centre for Communication and Social Impact; all in Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Vivianne Ihekweazu
- Chinwe Lucia Ochu, MPH, is Acting Director; Abiodun Egwuenu, MPH, is an Epidemiologist; Chimezie Anueyiagu is a Health Education Officer; Chukwuemeka Oguanuo is Corporate Communications, External Comms Lead; and Yahaya Disu, MPH, is Technical Assistant to the Director General on Operations; all in Prevention, Programmes & Knowledge Management, Nigeria Centre for Disease Control, Abuja, Nigeria. Oreoluwa Akomolafe, MSc, is Technical Assistant to the Director General; Jeremiah Agenyi is a Communication Consultant, Corporate Communications; Oyeronke Oyebanji is a Strategy Coordinator; Tijesu Ojumu is Corporate Communications, Multimedia Lead; Tarik Mohammed is a Scientific Officer; and Chikwe Ihekweazu is Director General; all in the Office of the Director General, Nigeria Centre for Disease Control, Abuja, Nigeria. Hadiza Saad, MPH, is a Scientific Office, Surveillance and Epidemiology, also with Nigeria Centre for Disease Control, Abuja, Nigeria. Oluwatosin Wuraola Akande, MWACP, is a Public Health Physician, Epidemiology and Community Health; University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Kwara State, Nigeria. Vivianne Ihekweazu, MSc, is Managing Director, Management, Nigeria Health Watch; Chijioke Kaduru, MPH, is Technical Director, Health Division, Corona Management Systems; Ukwori Ejibe, MPA, is Governance Advisor, Strategic Communications and Partnerships, Tony Blair Institute for Global Change; Yinka Falola-Anoemuah, PhD, is Deputy Director and Lead, Gender Human Rights and Care Support Services, Community Prevention and Care Services, National Agency for the Control of AIDS; Olayinka Umar-Farouk, MBA, is Senior Technical Advisor, Management, Breakthrough ACTION Nigeria; and Babafunke Fagbemi, MBA, is Executive Director, Management, Centre for Communication and Social Impact; all in Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Chijioke Kaduru
- Chinwe Lucia Ochu, MPH, is Acting Director; Abiodun Egwuenu, MPH, is an Epidemiologist; Chimezie Anueyiagu is a Health Education Officer; Chukwuemeka Oguanuo is Corporate Communications, External Comms Lead; and Yahaya Disu, MPH, is Technical Assistant to the Director General on Operations; all in Prevention, Programmes & Knowledge Management, Nigeria Centre for Disease Control, Abuja, Nigeria. Oreoluwa Akomolafe, MSc, is Technical Assistant to the Director General; Jeremiah Agenyi is a Communication Consultant, Corporate Communications; Oyeronke Oyebanji is a Strategy Coordinator; Tijesu Ojumu is Corporate Communications, Multimedia Lead; Tarik Mohammed is a Scientific Officer; and Chikwe Ihekweazu is Director General; all in the Office of the Director General, Nigeria Centre for Disease Control, Abuja, Nigeria. Hadiza Saad, MPH, is a Scientific Office, Surveillance and Epidemiology, also with Nigeria Centre for Disease Control, Abuja, Nigeria. Oluwatosin Wuraola Akande, MWACP, is a Public Health Physician, Epidemiology and Community Health; University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Kwara State, Nigeria. Vivianne Ihekweazu, MSc, is Managing Director, Management, Nigeria Health Watch; Chijioke Kaduru, MPH, is Technical Director, Health Division, Corona Management Systems; Ukwori Ejibe, MPA, is Governance Advisor, Strategic Communications and Partnerships, Tony Blair Institute for Global Change; Yinka Falola-Anoemuah, PhD, is Deputy Director and Lead, Gender Human Rights and Care Support Services, Community Prevention and Care Services, National Agency for the Control of AIDS; Olayinka Umar-Farouk, MBA, is Senior Technical Advisor, Management, Breakthrough ACTION Nigeria; and Babafunke Fagbemi, MBA, is Executive Director, Management, Centre for Communication and Social Impact; all in Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Oreoluwa Akomolafe
- Chinwe Lucia Ochu, MPH, is Acting Director; Abiodun Egwuenu, MPH, is an Epidemiologist; Chimezie Anueyiagu is a Health Education Officer; Chukwuemeka Oguanuo is Corporate Communications, External Comms Lead; and Yahaya Disu, MPH, is Technical Assistant to the Director General on Operations; all in Prevention, Programmes & Knowledge Management, Nigeria Centre for Disease Control, Abuja, Nigeria. Oreoluwa Akomolafe, MSc, is Technical Assistant to the Director General; Jeremiah Agenyi is a Communication Consultant, Corporate Communications; Oyeronke Oyebanji is a Strategy Coordinator; Tijesu Ojumu is Corporate Communications, Multimedia Lead; Tarik Mohammed is a Scientific Officer; and Chikwe Ihekweazu is Director General; all in the Office of the Director General, Nigeria Centre for Disease Control, Abuja, Nigeria. Hadiza Saad, MPH, is a Scientific Office, Surveillance and Epidemiology, also with Nigeria Centre for Disease Control, Abuja, Nigeria. Oluwatosin Wuraola Akande, MWACP, is a Public Health Physician, Epidemiology and Community Health; University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Kwara State, Nigeria. Vivianne Ihekweazu, MSc, is Managing Director, Management, Nigeria Health Watch; Chijioke Kaduru, MPH, is Technical Director, Health Division, Corona Management Systems; Ukwori Ejibe, MPA, is Governance Advisor, Strategic Communications and Partnerships, Tony Blair Institute for Global Change; Yinka Falola-Anoemuah, PhD, is Deputy Director and Lead, Gender Human Rights and Care Support Services, Community Prevention and Care Services, National Agency for the Control of AIDS; Olayinka Umar-Farouk, MBA, is Senior Technical Advisor, Management, Breakthrough ACTION Nigeria; and Babafunke Fagbemi, MBA, is Executive Director, Management, Centre for Communication and Social Impact; all in Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Abiodun Egwuenu
- Chinwe Lucia Ochu, MPH, is Acting Director; Abiodun Egwuenu, MPH, is an Epidemiologist; Chimezie Anueyiagu is a Health Education Officer; Chukwuemeka Oguanuo is Corporate Communications, External Comms Lead; and Yahaya Disu, MPH, is Technical Assistant to the Director General on Operations; all in Prevention, Programmes & Knowledge Management, Nigeria Centre for Disease Control, Abuja, Nigeria. Oreoluwa Akomolafe, MSc, is Technical Assistant to the Director General; Jeremiah Agenyi is a Communication Consultant, Corporate Communications; Oyeronke Oyebanji is a Strategy Coordinator; Tijesu Ojumu is Corporate Communications, Multimedia Lead; Tarik Mohammed is a Scientific Officer; and Chikwe Ihekweazu is Director General; all in the Office of the Director General, Nigeria Centre for Disease Control, Abuja, Nigeria. Hadiza Saad, MPH, is a Scientific Office, Surveillance and Epidemiology, also with Nigeria Centre for Disease Control, Abuja, Nigeria. Oluwatosin Wuraola Akande, MWACP, is a Public Health Physician, Epidemiology and Community Health; University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Kwara State, Nigeria. Vivianne Ihekweazu, MSc, is Managing Director, Management, Nigeria Health Watch; Chijioke Kaduru, MPH, is Technical Director, Health Division, Corona Management Systems; Ukwori Ejibe, MPA, is Governance Advisor, Strategic Communications and Partnerships, Tony Blair Institute for Global Change; Yinka Falola-Anoemuah, PhD, is Deputy Director and Lead, Gender Human Rights and Care Support Services, Community Prevention and Care Services, National Agency for the Control of AIDS; Olayinka Umar-Farouk, MBA, is Senior Technical Advisor, Management, Breakthrough ACTION Nigeria; and Babafunke Fagbemi, MBA, is Executive Director, Management, Centre for Communication and Social Impact; all in Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Chimezie Anueyiagu
- Chinwe Lucia Ochu, MPH, is Acting Director; Abiodun Egwuenu, MPH, is an Epidemiologist; Chimezie Anueyiagu is a Health Education Officer; Chukwuemeka Oguanuo is Corporate Communications, External Comms Lead; and Yahaya Disu, MPH, is Technical Assistant to the Director General on Operations; all in Prevention, Programmes & Knowledge Management, Nigeria Centre for Disease Control, Abuja, Nigeria. Oreoluwa Akomolafe, MSc, is Technical Assistant to the Director General; Jeremiah Agenyi is a Communication Consultant, Corporate Communications; Oyeronke Oyebanji is a Strategy Coordinator; Tijesu Ojumu is Corporate Communications, Multimedia Lead; Tarik Mohammed is a Scientific Officer; and Chikwe Ihekweazu is Director General; all in the Office of the Director General, Nigeria Centre for Disease Control, Abuja, Nigeria. Hadiza Saad, MPH, is a Scientific Office, Surveillance and Epidemiology, also with Nigeria Centre for Disease Control, Abuja, Nigeria. Oluwatosin Wuraola Akande, MWACP, is a Public Health Physician, Epidemiology and Community Health; University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Kwara State, Nigeria. Vivianne Ihekweazu, MSc, is Managing Director, Management, Nigeria Health Watch; Chijioke Kaduru, MPH, is Technical Director, Health Division, Corona Management Systems; Ukwori Ejibe, MPA, is Governance Advisor, Strategic Communications and Partnerships, Tony Blair Institute for Global Change; Yinka Falola-Anoemuah, PhD, is Deputy Director and Lead, Gender Human Rights and Care Support Services, Community Prevention and Care Services, National Agency for the Control of AIDS; Olayinka Umar-Farouk, MBA, is Senior Technical Advisor, Management, Breakthrough ACTION Nigeria; and Babafunke Fagbemi, MBA, is Executive Director, Management, Centre for Communication and Social Impact; all in Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Jeremiah Agenyi
- Chinwe Lucia Ochu, MPH, is Acting Director; Abiodun Egwuenu, MPH, is an Epidemiologist; Chimezie Anueyiagu is a Health Education Officer; Chukwuemeka Oguanuo is Corporate Communications, External Comms Lead; and Yahaya Disu, MPH, is Technical Assistant to the Director General on Operations; all in Prevention, Programmes & Knowledge Management, Nigeria Centre for Disease Control, Abuja, Nigeria. Oreoluwa Akomolafe, MSc, is Technical Assistant to the Director General; Jeremiah Agenyi is a Communication Consultant, Corporate Communications; Oyeronke Oyebanji is a Strategy Coordinator; Tijesu Ojumu is Corporate Communications, Multimedia Lead; Tarik Mohammed is a Scientific Officer; and Chikwe Ihekweazu is Director General; all in the Office of the Director General, Nigeria Centre for Disease Control, Abuja, Nigeria. Hadiza Saad, MPH, is a Scientific Office, Surveillance and Epidemiology, also with Nigeria Centre for Disease Control, Abuja, Nigeria. Oluwatosin Wuraola Akande, MWACP, is a Public Health Physician, Epidemiology and Community Health; University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Kwara State, Nigeria. Vivianne Ihekweazu, MSc, is Managing Director, Management, Nigeria Health Watch; Chijioke Kaduru, MPH, is Technical Director, Health Division, Corona Management Systems; Ukwori Ejibe, MPA, is Governance Advisor, Strategic Communications and Partnerships, Tony Blair Institute for Global Change; Yinka Falola-Anoemuah, PhD, is Deputy Director and Lead, Gender Human Rights and Care Support Services, Community Prevention and Care Services, National Agency for the Control of AIDS; Olayinka Umar-Farouk, MBA, is Senior Technical Advisor, Management, Breakthrough ACTION Nigeria; and Babafunke Fagbemi, MBA, is Executive Director, Management, Centre for Communication and Social Impact; all in Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Ukwori Ejibe
- Chinwe Lucia Ochu, MPH, is Acting Director; Abiodun Egwuenu, MPH, is an Epidemiologist; Chimezie Anueyiagu is a Health Education Officer; Chukwuemeka Oguanuo is Corporate Communications, External Comms Lead; and Yahaya Disu, MPH, is Technical Assistant to the Director General on Operations; all in Prevention, Programmes & Knowledge Management, Nigeria Centre for Disease Control, Abuja, Nigeria. Oreoluwa Akomolafe, MSc, is Technical Assistant to the Director General; Jeremiah Agenyi is a Communication Consultant, Corporate Communications; Oyeronke Oyebanji is a Strategy Coordinator; Tijesu Ojumu is Corporate Communications, Multimedia Lead; Tarik Mohammed is a Scientific Officer; and Chikwe Ihekweazu is Director General; all in the Office of the Director General, Nigeria Centre for Disease Control, Abuja, Nigeria. Hadiza Saad, MPH, is a Scientific Office, Surveillance and Epidemiology, also with Nigeria Centre for Disease Control, Abuja, Nigeria. Oluwatosin Wuraola Akande, MWACP, is a Public Health Physician, Epidemiology and Community Health; University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Kwara State, Nigeria. Vivianne Ihekweazu, MSc, is Managing Director, Management, Nigeria Health Watch; Chijioke Kaduru, MPH, is Technical Director, Health Division, Corona Management Systems; Ukwori Ejibe, MPA, is Governance Advisor, Strategic Communications and Partnerships, Tony Blair Institute for Global Change; Yinka Falola-Anoemuah, PhD, is Deputy Director and Lead, Gender Human Rights and Care Support Services, Community Prevention and Care Services, National Agency for the Control of AIDS; Olayinka Umar-Farouk, MBA, is Senior Technical Advisor, Management, Breakthrough ACTION Nigeria; and Babafunke Fagbemi, MBA, is Executive Director, Management, Centre for Communication and Social Impact; all in Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Yinka Falola-Anoemuah
- Chinwe Lucia Ochu, MPH, is Acting Director; Abiodun Egwuenu, MPH, is an Epidemiologist; Chimezie Anueyiagu is a Health Education Officer; Chukwuemeka Oguanuo is Corporate Communications, External Comms Lead; and Yahaya Disu, MPH, is Technical Assistant to the Director General on Operations; all in Prevention, Programmes & Knowledge Management, Nigeria Centre for Disease Control, Abuja, Nigeria. Oreoluwa Akomolafe, MSc, is Technical Assistant to the Director General; Jeremiah Agenyi is a Communication Consultant, Corporate Communications; Oyeronke Oyebanji is a Strategy Coordinator; Tijesu Ojumu is Corporate Communications, Multimedia Lead; Tarik Mohammed is a Scientific Officer; and Chikwe Ihekweazu is Director General; all in the Office of the Director General, Nigeria Centre for Disease Control, Abuja, Nigeria. Hadiza Saad, MPH, is a Scientific Office, Surveillance and Epidemiology, also with Nigeria Centre for Disease Control, Abuja, Nigeria. Oluwatosin Wuraola Akande, MWACP, is a Public Health Physician, Epidemiology and Community Health; University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Kwara State, Nigeria. Vivianne Ihekweazu, MSc, is Managing Director, Management, Nigeria Health Watch; Chijioke Kaduru, MPH, is Technical Director, Health Division, Corona Management Systems; Ukwori Ejibe, MPA, is Governance Advisor, Strategic Communications and Partnerships, Tony Blair Institute for Global Change; Yinka Falola-Anoemuah, PhD, is Deputy Director and Lead, Gender Human Rights and Care Support Services, Community Prevention and Care Services, National Agency for the Control of AIDS; Olayinka Umar-Farouk, MBA, is Senior Technical Advisor, Management, Breakthrough ACTION Nigeria; and Babafunke Fagbemi, MBA, is Executive Director, Management, Centre for Communication and Social Impact; all in Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Olayinka Umar-Farouk
- Chinwe Lucia Ochu, MPH, is Acting Director; Abiodun Egwuenu, MPH, is an Epidemiologist; Chimezie Anueyiagu is a Health Education Officer; Chukwuemeka Oguanuo is Corporate Communications, External Comms Lead; and Yahaya Disu, MPH, is Technical Assistant to the Director General on Operations; all in Prevention, Programmes & Knowledge Management, Nigeria Centre for Disease Control, Abuja, Nigeria. Oreoluwa Akomolafe, MSc, is Technical Assistant to the Director General; Jeremiah Agenyi is a Communication Consultant, Corporate Communications; Oyeronke Oyebanji is a Strategy Coordinator; Tijesu Ojumu is Corporate Communications, Multimedia Lead; Tarik Mohammed is a Scientific Officer; and Chikwe Ihekweazu is Director General; all in the Office of the Director General, Nigeria Centre for Disease Control, Abuja, Nigeria. Hadiza Saad, MPH, is a Scientific Office, Surveillance and Epidemiology, also with Nigeria Centre for Disease Control, Abuja, Nigeria. Oluwatosin Wuraola Akande, MWACP, is a Public Health Physician, Epidemiology and Community Health; University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Kwara State, Nigeria. Vivianne Ihekweazu, MSc, is Managing Director, Management, Nigeria Health Watch; Chijioke Kaduru, MPH, is Technical Director, Health Division, Corona Management Systems; Ukwori Ejibe, MPA, is Governance Advisor, Strategic Communications and Partnerships, Tony Blair Institute for Global Change; Yinka Falola-Anoemuah, PhD, is Deputy Director and Lead, Gender Human Rights and Care Support Services, Community Prevention and Care Services, National Agency for the Control of AIDS; Olayinka Umar-Farouk, MBA, is Senior Technical Advisor, Management, Breakthrough ACTION Nigeria; and Babafunke Fagbemi, MBA, is Executive Director, Management, Centre for Communication and Social Impact; all in Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Oyeronke Oyebanji
- Chinwe Lucia Ochu, MPH, is Acting Director; Abiodun Egwuenu, MPH, is an Epidemiologist; Chimezie Anueyiagu is a Health Education Officer; Chukwuemeka Oguanuo is Corporate Communications, External Comms Lead; and Yahaya Disu, MPH, is Technical Assistant to the Director General on Operations; all in Prevention, Programmes & Knowledge Management, Nigeria Centre for Disease Control, Abuja, Nigeria. Oreoluwa Akomolafe, MSc, is Technical Assistant to the Director General; Jeremiah Agenyi is a Communication Consultant, Corporate Communications; Oyeronke Oyebanji is a Strategy Coordinator; Tijesu Ojumu is Corporate Communications, Multimedia Lead; Tarik Mohammed is a Scientific Officer; and Chikwe Ihekweazu is Director General; all in the Office of the Director General, Nigeria Centre for Disease Control, Abuja, Nigeria. Hadiza Saad, MPH, is a Scientific Office, Surveillance and Epidemiology, also with Nigeria Centre for Disease Control, Abuja, Nigeria. Oluwatosin Wuraola Akande, MWACP, is a Public Health Physician, Epidemiology and Community Health; University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Kwara State, Nigeria. Vivianne Ihekweazu, MSc, is Managing Director, Management, Nigeria Health Watch; Chijioke Kaduru, MPH, is Technical Director, Health Division, Corona Management Systems; Ukwori Ejibe, MPA, is Governance Advisor, Strategic Communications and Partnerships, Tony Blair Institute for Global Change; Yinka Falola-Anoemuah, PhD, is Deputy Director and Lead, Gender Human Rights and Care Support Services, Community Prevention and Care Services, National Agency for the Control of AIDS; Olayinka Umar-Farouk, MBA, is Senior Technical Advisor, Management, Breakthrough ACTION Nigeria; and Babafunke Fagbemi, MBA, is Executive Director, Management, Centre for Communication and Social Impact; all in Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Babafunke Fagbemi
- Chinwe Lucia Ochu, MPH, is Acting Director; Abiodun Egwuenu, MPH, is an Epidemiologist; Chimezie Anueyiagu is a Health Education Officer; Chukwuemeka Oguanuo is Corporate Communications, External Comms Lead; and Yahaya Disu, MPH, is Technical Assistant to the Director General on Operations; all in Prevention, Programmes & Knowledge Management, Nigeria Centre for Disease Control, Abuja, Nigeria. Oreoluwa Akomolafe, MSc, is Technical Assistant to the Director General; Jeremiah Agenyi is a Communication Consultant, Corporate Communications; Oyeronke Oyebanji is a Strategy Coordinator; Tijesu Ojumu is Corporate Communications, Multimedia Lead; Tarik Mohammed is a Scientific Officer; and Chikwe Ihekweazu is Director General; all in the Office of the Director General, Nigeria Centre for Disease Control, Abuja, Nigeria. Hadiza Saad, MPH, is a Scientific Office, Surveillance and Epidemiology, also with Nigeria Centre for Disease Control, Abuja, Nigeria. Oluwatosin Wuraola Akande, MWACP, is a Public Health Physician, Epidemiology and Community Health; University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Kwara State, Nigeria. Vivianne Ihekweazu, MSc, is Managing Director, Management, Nigeria Health Watch; Chijioke Kaduru, MPH, is Technical Director, Health Division, Corona Management Systems; Ukwori Ejibe, MPA, is Governance Advisor, Strategic Communications and Partnerships, Tony Blair Institute for Global Change; Yinka Falola-Anoemuah, PhD, is Deputy Director and Lead, Gender Human Rights and Care Support Services, Community Prevention and Care Services, National Agency for the Control of AIDS; Olayinka Umar-Farouk, MBA, is Senior Technical Advisor, Management, Breakthrough ACTION Nigeria; and Babafunke Fagbemi, MBA, is Executive Director, Management, Centre for Communication and Social Impact; all in Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Chukwuemeka Oguanuo
- Chinwe Lucia Ochu, MPH, is Acting Director; Abiodun Egwuenu, MPH, is an Epidemiologist; Chimezie Anueyiagu is a Health Education Officer; Chukwuemeka Oguanuo is Corporate Communications, External Comms Lead; and Yahaya Disu, MPH, is Technical Assistant to the Director General on Operations; all in Prevention, Programmes & Knowledge Management, Nigeria Centre for Disease Control, Abuja, Nigeria. Oreoluwa Akomolafe, MSc, is Technical Assistant to the Director General; Jeremiah Agenyi is a Communication Consultant, Corporate Communications; Oyeronke Oyebanji is a Strategy Coordinator; Tijesu Ojumu is Corporate Communications, Multimedia Lead; Tarik Mohammed is a Scientific Officer; and Chikwe Ihekweazu is Director General; all in the Office of the Director General, Nigeria Centre for Disease Control, Abuja, Nigeria. Hadiza Saad, MPH, is a Scientific Office, Surveillance and Epidemiology, also with Nigeria Centre for Disease Control, Abuja, Nigeria. Oluwatosin Wuraola Akande, MWACP, is a Public Health Physician, Epidemiology and Community Health; University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Kwara State, Nigeria. Vivianne Ihekweazu, MSc, is Managing Director, Management, Nigeria Health Watch; Chijioke Kaduru, MPH, is Technical Director, Health Division, Corona Management Systems; Ukwori Ejibe, MPA, is Governance Advisor, Strategic Communications and Partnerships, Tony Blair Institute for Global Change; Yinka Falola-Anoemuah, PhD, is Deputy Director and Lead, Gender Human Rights and Care Support Services, Community Prevention and Care Services, National Agency for the Control of AIDS; Olayinka Umar-Farouk, MBA, is Senior Technical Advisor, Management, Breakthrough ACTION Nigeria; and Babafunke Fagbemi, MBA, is Executive Director, Management, Centre for Communication and Social Impact; all in Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Tijesu Ojumu
- Chinwe Lucia Ochu, MPH, is Acting Director; Abiodun Egwuenu, MPH, is an Epidemiologist; Chimezie Anueyiagu is a Health Education Officer; Chukwuemeka Oguanuo is Corporate Communications, External Comms Lead; and Yahaya Disu, MPH, is Technical Assistant to the Director General on Operations; all in Prevention, Programmes & Knowledge Management, Nigeria Centre for Disease Control, Abuja, Nigeria. Oreoluwa Akomolafe, MSc, is Technical Assistant to the Director General; Jeremiah Agenyi is a Communication Consultant, Corporate Communications; Oyeronke Oyebanji is a Strategy Coordinator; Tijesu Ojumu is Corporate Communications, Multimedia Lead; Tarik Mohammed is a Scientific Officer; and Chikwe Ihekweazu is Director General; all in the Office of the Director General, Nigeria Centre for Disease Control, Abuja, Nigeria. Hadiza Saad, MPH, is a Scientific Office, Surveillance and Epidemiology, also with Nigeria Centre for Disease Control, Abuja, Nigeria. Oluwatosin Wuraola Akande, MWACP, is a Public Health Physician, Epidemiology and Community Health; University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Kwara State, Nigeria. Vivianne Ihekweazu, MSc, is Managing Director, Management, Nigeria Health Watch; Chijioke Kaduru, MPH, is Technical Director, Health Division, Corona Management Systems; Ukwori Ejibe, MPA, is Governance Advisor, Strategic Communications and Partnerships, Tony Blair Institute for Global Change; Yinka Falola-Anoemuah, PhD, is Deputy Director and Lead, Gender Human Rights and Care Support Services, Community Prevention and Care Services, National Agency for the Control of AIDS; Olayinka Umar-Farouk, MBA, is Senior Technical Advisor, Management, Breakthrough ACTION Nigeria; and Babafunke Fagbemi, MBA, is Executive Director, Management, Centre for Communication and Social Impact; all in Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Hadiza Saad
- Chinwe Lucia Ochu, MPH, is Acting Director; Abiodun Egwuenu, MPH, is an Epidemiologist; Chimezie Anueyiagu is a Health Education Officer; Chukwuemeka Oguanuo is Corporate Communications, External Comms Lead; and Yahaya Disu, MPH, is Technical Assistant to the Director General on Operations; all in Prevention, Programmes & Knowledge Management, Nigeria Centre for Disease Control, Abuja, Nigeria. Oreoluwa Akomolafe, MSc, is Technical Assistant to the Director General; Jeremiah Agenyi is a Communication Consultant, Corporate Communications; Oyeronke Oyebanji is a Strategy Coordinator; Tijesu Ojumu is Corporate Communications, Multimedia Lead; Tarik Mohammed is a Scientific Officer; and Chikwe Ihekweazu is Director General; all in the Office of the Director General, Nigeria Centre for Disease Control, Abuja, Nigeria. Hadiza Saad, MPH, is a Scientific Office, Surveillance and Epidemiology, also with Nigeria Centre for Disease Control, Abuja, Nigeria. Oluwatosin Wuraola Akande, MWACP, is a Public Health Physician, Epidemiology and Community Health; University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Kwara State, Nigeria. Vivianne Ihekweazu, MSc, is Managing Director, Management, Nigeria Health Watch; Chijioke Kaduru, MPH, is Technical Director, Health Division, Corona Management Systems; Ukwori Ejibe, MPA, is Governance Advisor, Strategic Communications and Partnerships, Tony Blair Institute for Global Change; Yinka Falola-Anoemuah, PhD, is Deputy Director and Lead, Gender Human Rights and Care Support Services, Community Prevention and Care Services, National Agency for the Control of AIDS; Olayinka Umar-Farouk, MBA, is Senior Technical Advisor, Management, Breakthrough ACTION Nigeria; and Babafunke Fagbemi, MBA, is Executive Director, Management, Centre for Communication and Social Impact; all in Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Tarik Mohammed
- Chinwe Lucia Ochu, MPH, is Acting Director; Abiodun Egwuenu, MPH, is an Epidemiologist; Chimezie Anueyiagu is a Health Education Officer; Chukwuemeka Oguanuo is Corporate Communications, External Comms Lead; and Yahaya Disu, MPH, is Technical Assistant to the Director General on Operations; all in Prevention, Programmes & Knowledge Management, Nigeria Centre for Disease Control, Abuja, Nigeria. Oreoluwa Akomolafe, MSc, is Technical Assistant to the Director General; Jeremiah Agenyi is a Communication Consultant, Corporate Communications; Oyeronke Oyebanji is a Strategy Coordinator; Tijesu Ojumu is Corporate Communications, Multimedia Lead; Tarik Mohammed is a Scientific Officer; and Chikwe Ihekweazu is Director General; all in the Office of the Director General, Nigeria Centre for Disease Control, Abuja, Nigeria. Hadiza Saad, MPH, is a Scientific Office, Surveillance and Epidemiology, also with Nigeria Centre for Disease Control, Abuja, Nigeria. Oluwatosin Wuraola Akande, MWACP, is a Public Health Physician, Epidemiology and Community Health; University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Kwara State, Nigeria. Vivianne Ihekweazu, MSc, is Managing Director, Management, Nigeria Health Watch; Chijioke Kaduru, MPH, is Technical Director, Health Division, Corona Management Systems; Ukwori Ejibe, MPA, is Governance Advisor, Strategic Communications and Partnerships, Tony Blair Institute for Global Change; Yinka Falola-Anoemuah, PhD, is Deputy Director and Lead, Gender Human Rights and Care Support Services, Community Prevention and Care Services, National Agency for the Control of AIDS; Olayinka Umar-Farouk, MBA, is Senior Technical Advisor, Management, Breakthrough ACTION Nigeria; and Babafunke Fagbemi, MBA, is Executive Director, Management, Centre for Communication and Social Impact; all in Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Yahaya Disu
- Chinwe Lucia Ochu, MPH, is Acting Director; Abiodun Egwuenu, MPH, is an Epidemiologist; Chimezie Anueyiagu is a Health Education Officer; Chukwuemeka Oguanuo is Corporate Communications, External Comms Lead; and Yahaya Disu, MPH, is Technical Assistant to the Director General on Operations; all in Prevention, Programmes & Knowledge Management, Nigeria Centre for Disease Control, Abuja, Nigeria. Oreoluwa Akomolafe, MSc, is Technical Assistant to the Director General; Jeremiah Agenyi is a Communication Consultant, Corporate Communications; Oyeronke Oyebanji is a Strategy Coordinator; Tijesu Ojumu is Corporate Communications, Multimedia Lead; Tarik Mohammed is a Scientific Officer; and Chikwe Ihekweazu is Director General; all in the Office of the Director General, Nigeria Centre for Disease Control, Abuja, Nigeria. Hadiza Saad, MPH, is a Scientific Office, Surveillance and Epidemiology, also with Nigeria Centre for Disease Control, Abuja, Nigeria. Oluwatosin Wuraola Akande, MWACP, is a Public Health Physician, Epidemiology and Community Health; University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Kwara State, Nigeria. Vivianne Ihekweazu, MSc, is Managing Director, Management, Nigeria Health Watch; Chijioke Kaduru, MPH, is Technical Director, Health Division, Corona Management Systems; Ukwori Ejibe, MPA, is Governance Advisor, Strategic Communications and Partnerships, Tony Blair Institute for Global Change; Yinka Falola-Anoemuah, PhD, is Deputy Director and Lead, Gender Human Rights and Care Support Services, Community Prevention and Care Services, National Agency for the Control of AIDS; Olayinka Umar-Farouk, MBA, is Senior Technical Advisor, Management, Breakthrough ACTION Nigeria; and Babafunke Fagbemi, MBA, is Executive Director, Management, Centre for Communication and Social Impact; all in Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Chikwe Ihekweazu
- Chinwe Lucia Ochu, MPH, is Acting Director; Abiodun Egwuenu, MPH, is an Epidemiologist; Chimezie Anueyiagu is a Health Education Officer; Chukwuemeka Oguanuo is Corporate Communications, External Comms Lead; and Yahaya Disu, MPH, is Technical Assistant to the Director General on Operations; all in Prevention, Programmes & Knowledge Management, Nigeria Centre for Disease Control, Abuja, Nigeria. Oreoluwa Akomolafe, MSc, is Technical Assistant to the Director General; Jeremiah Agenyi is a Communication Consultant, Corporate Communications; Oyeronke Oyebanji is a Strategy Coordinator; Tijesu Ojumu is Corporate Communications, Multimedia Lead; Tarik Mohammed is a Scientific Officer; and Chikwe Ihekweazu is Director General; all in the Office of the Director General, Nigeria Centre for Disease Control, Abuja, Nigeria. Hadiza Saad, MPH, is a Scientific Office, Surveillance and Epidemiology, also with Nigeria Centre for Disease Control, Abuja, Nigeria. Oluwatosin Wuraola Akande, MWACP, is a Public Health Physician, Epidemiology and Community Health; University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Kwara State, Nigeria. Vivianne Ihekweazu, MSc, is Managing Director, Management, Nigeria Health Watch; Chijioke Kaduru, MPH, is Technical Director, Health Division, Corona Management Systems; Ukwori Ejibe, MPA, is Governance Advisor, Strategic Communications and Partnerships, Tony Blair Institute for Global Change; Yinka Falola-Anoemuah, PhD, is Deputy Director and Lead, Gender Human Rights and Care Support Services, Community Prevention and Care Services, National Agency for the Control of AIDS; Olayinka Umar-Farouk, MBA, is Senior Technical Advisor, Management, Breakthrough ACTION Nigeria; and Babafunke Fagbemi, MBA, is Executive Director, Management, Centre for Communication and Social Impact; all in Abuja, Nigeria
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26
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Gaul W, Sadykova D, White HJ, Leon-Sanchez L, Caplat P, Emmerson MC, Yearsley JM. Data quantity is more important than its spatial bias for predictive species distribution modelling. PeerJ 2020; 8:e10411. [PMID: 33312769 PMCID: PMC7703440 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological records are often the data of choice for training predictive species distribution models (SDMs), but spatial sampling bias is pervasive in biological records data at multiple spatial scales and is thought to impair the performance of SDMs. We simulated presences and absences of virtual species as well as the process of recording these species to evaluate the effect on species distribution model prediction performance of (1) spatial bias in training data, (2) sample size (the average number of observations per species), and (3) the choice of species distribution modelling method. Our approach is novel in quantifying and applying real-world spatial sampling biases to simulated data. Spatial bias in training data decreased species distribution model prediction performance, but sample size and the choice of modelling method were more important than spatial bias in determining the prediction performance of species distribution models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willson Gaul
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, Earth Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Dinara Sadykova
- School of Biological Sciences, The Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Hannah J White
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, Earth Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Lupe Leon-Sanchez
- School of Biological Sciences, The Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Caplat
- School of Biological Sciences, The Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Mark C Emmerson
- School of Biological Sciences, The Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Jon M Yearsley
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, Earth Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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27
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Doshi RH, Hoff NA, Bratcher A, Mukadi P, Gadoth A, Nicholson BP, Williams R, Mukadi D, Mossoko M, Wasiswa J, Mwanza A, Sinai C, Alfonso VH, Shah R, Bramble MS, Ilunga-Kebela B, Okitolonda-Wemakoy E, Muyembe-Tamfum JJ, Rimoin AW. Risk factors for Ebola exposure in healthcare workers in Boende, Tshuapa Province, Democratic Republic of the Congo. J Infect Dis 2020; 226:608-615. [PMID: 33269402 PMCID: PMC9441197 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiaa747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Healthcare workers (HCW) are more likely to be exposed to Ebola virus (EBOV) during an outbreak compared to people in the general population due to close physical contact with patients and potential exposure to infectious fluids. However, not all will fall ill. Despite evidence of subclinical and paucisymptomatic Ebola Virus Disease (EVD), the prevalence and associated risk factors remains unknown. We conducted a serosurvey among healthcare workers in the town of Boende in Tshuapa Province, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). Human anti-EBOV Glycoprotein (GP) IgG titers were measured using a commercially available ELISA kit. We assessed associations between anti-EBOV IgG seroreactivity, defined as ≥2.5 units/mL and risk factors using univariable and multivariable logistic regression. Sensitivity analyses explored a more conservative cutoff >5 units/mL. Overall, 22.5% of HCWs were seroreactive for EBOV. In multivariable analyses, using any form of personal protective equipment (PPE) when interacting with a confirmed, probable, or suspect EVD case was negatively associated with seroreactivity [0.23 (95% CI: 0.07, 0.73)]. Our results suggest high exposure to EBOV among HCWs and provide additional evidence for asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic EVD. Further studies should be conducted to determine the probability of onward transmission and if seroreactivity is associated with immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reena H Doshi
- Department of Epidemiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Nicole A Hoff
- Department of Epidemiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Anna Bratcher
- Department of Epidemiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Patrick Mukadi
- Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale, Kinshasa, DRC.,Faculté de Médecine, Université de Kinshasa, DRC
| | - Adva Gadoth
- Department of Epidemiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Daniel Mukadi
- Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale, Kinshasa, DRC.,Faculté de Médecine, Université de Kinshasa, DRC
| | - Matthias Mossoko
- Direction de lutte contre la Maladie-Ministère de la Santé Publique, DRC
| | - Joseph Wasiswa
- UCLA-DRC Research Program, Kinshasa, DRC.,Direction de lutte contre la Maladie-Ministère de la Santé Publique, DRC
| | | | - Cyrus Sinai
- Department of Epidemiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Vivian H Alfonso
- Department of Epidemiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Rupal Shah
- Department of Epidemiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Matthew S Bramble
- Department of Genetic Medicine Research, Children's Research Institute, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, D.C. USA
| | | | | | | | - Anne W Rimoin
- Department of Epidemiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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28
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Gibb R, Franklinos LHV, Redding DW, Jones KE. Ecosystem perspectives are needed to manage zoonotic risks in a changing climate. BMJ 2020; 371:m3389. [PMID: 33187958 PMCID: PMC7662085 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.m3389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rory Gibb
- Centre for Biodiversity and Environment Research, Division of Biosciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Lydia H V Franklinos
- Centre for Biodiversity and Environment Research, Division of Biosciences, University College London, London, UK
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - David W Redding
- Centre for Biodiversity and Environment Research, Division of Biosciences, University College London, London, UK
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, London, UK
| | - Kate E Jones
- Centre for Biodiversity and Environment Research, Division of Biosciences, University College London, London, UK
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, London, UK
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Zhao Z, Li X, Liu F, Zhu G, Ma C, Wang L. Prediction of the COVID-19 spread in African countries and implications for prevention and control: A case study in South Africa, Egypt, Algeria, Nigeria, Senegal and Kenya. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 729:138959. [PMID: 32375067 PMCID: PMC7182531 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 (Corona Virus Disease 2019) is globally spreading and the international cooperation is urgently required in joint prevention and control of the epidemic. Using the Maximum-Hasting (MH) parameter estimation method and the modified Susceptible Exposed Infectious Recovered (SEIR) model, the spread of the epidemic under three intervention scenarios (suppression, mitigation, mildness) is simulated and predicted in South Africa, Egypt, and Algeria, where the epidemic situations are severe. The studies are also conducted in Nigeria, Senegal and Kenya, where the epidemic situations are growing rapidly and the socio-economic are relatively under-developed, resulting in more difficulties in preventing the epidemic. Results indicated that the epidemic can be basically controlled in late April with strict control of scenario one, manifested by the circumstance in the South Africa and Senegal. Under moderate control of scenario two, the number of infected people will increase by 1.43-1.55 times of that in scenario one, the date of the epidemic being controlled will be delayed by about 10 days, and Algeria, Nigeria, and Kenya are in accordance with this situation. In the third scenario of weak control, the epidemic will be controlled by late May, the total number of infected cases will double that in scenario two, and Egypt is in line with this prediction. In the end, a series of epidemic controlling methods are proposed, including patient quarantine, close contact tracing, population movement control, government intervention, city and county epidemic risk level classification, and medical cooperation and the Chinese assistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zebin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing of Gansu Province, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xin Li
- National Tibetan Plateau Data Center, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Feng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing of Gansu Province, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Gaofeng Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems (Ministry of Education), Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Chunfeng Ma
- Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing of Gansu Province, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Liangxu Wang
- Institute of Urban Studies, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200000, China
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Waitzkin H. Confronting the Upstream Causes of COVID-19 and Other Epidemics to Follow. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEALTH SERVICES 2020; 51:55-58. [PMID: 32746701 PMCID: PMC7404095 DOI: 10.1177/0020731420946612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The upstream causes of the COVID-19 pandemic have received little attention so far in public health and clinical medicine, as opposed to the downstream effects of mass morbidity and mortality. To resolve this pandemic and to prevent even more severe future pandemics, a focus on upstream causation is essential. Convincing evidence shows that this and every other important viral epidemic emerging in the recent past and predictably into the future comes from the same upstream causes: capitalist agriculture, its destruction of natural habitat, and the industrial production of meat. International and national health organizations have obscured the upstream causes of emerging viral epidemics. These organizations have suffered cutbacks in public funding but have received increased support from international financial institutions and private philanthropies that emphasize the downstream effects rather than upstream causes of infectious diseases. Conflicts of interest also have impacted public health policies. A worldwide shift has begun toward peasant agricultural practices: Research so far has shown that peasant agriculture is safer and more efficient than capitalist industrial agricultural practices. Without such a transformation of agriculture, even more devastating pandemics will result from the same upstream causes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Howard Waitzkin
- Department of Sociology and Health Sciences Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
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Das A, Ghosh S, Das K, Dutta I, Basu T, Das M. Re:(In) visible impact of inadequate WaSH Provision on COVID-19 incidences can be not be ignored in large and megacities of India. Public Health 2020; 185:34-36. [PMID: 32521329 PMCID: PMC7253972 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2020.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Das
- Department of Geography, University of Gour Banga, Malda, India.
| | - S Ghosh
- Department of Geography, Kazi Nazrul University, Asansol, India.
| | - K Das
- Department of Geography, University of Gour Banga, Malda, India.
| | - I Dutta
- Department of Geography, University of Gour Banga, Malda, India.
| | - T Basu
- Department of Geography, University of Gour Banga, Malda, India.
| | - M Das
- Department of Geography, University of Gour Banga, Malda, India.
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Zhao W, Zhang J, Meadows ME, Liu Y, Hua T, Fu B. A systematic approach is needed to contain COVID-19 globally. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2020; 65:876-878. [PMID: 32296594 PMCID: PMC7156212 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2020.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenwu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Institute of Land Surface System and Sustainable Development, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Junze Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Institute of Land Surface System and Sustainable Development, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Michael E Meadows
- Department of Environmental & Geographical Science, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Yanxu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Institute of Land Surface System and Sustainable Development, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Ting Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Institute of Land Surface System and Sustainable Development, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Bojie Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Institute of Land Surface System and Sustainable Development, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
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Zhao W, Zhang J, Meadows ME, Liu Y, Hua T, Fu B. A systematic approach is needed to contain COVID-19 globally. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2020. [PMID: 32296594 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2020.03.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenwu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Institute of Land Surface System and Sustainable Development, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Junze Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Institute of Land Surface System and Sustainable Development, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Michael E Meadows
- Department of Environmental & Geographical Science, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Yanxu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Institute of Land Surface System and Sustainable Development, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Ting Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Institute of Land Surface System and Sustainable Development, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Bojie Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Institute of Land Surface System and Sustainable Development, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
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Weckert J. Is COVID-19 a Message from Nature? NANOETHICS 2020; 14:129-133. [PMID: 35154506 PMCID: PMC8824805 DOI: 10.1007/s11569-020-00370-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Claims have been made that the current COVID-19 pandemic is a message from nature to stop exploiting the earth to the extent that we have been. While there is no direct evidence that this pandemic is a result of human actions with respect to the earth, ample evidence exists that deforestation and other environmental changes, together with climate change, do make it more likely that viruses will cross from wildlife to humans. We humans are mammals and our welfare depends on the health of the earth. We are not so different from other living creatures in this regard. It is in our interests to look after the earth, something that Indigenous Australians knew well. Mother Earth must be cared for if she is to care for us. Nature perhaps is sending us a message in the same sense that my car does if I do not maintain it. It stops functioning properly. We have to modify nature to satisfy our needs but we must be careful how we modify it.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Weckert
- School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, Australia
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