1
|
Baur K, Şan Ş, Hölzl-Wenig G, Mandl C, Hellwig A, Ciccolini F. GDF15 controls primary cilia morphology and function thereby affecting progenitor proliferation. Life Sci Alliance 2024; 7:e202302384. [PMID: 38719753 PMCID: PMC11077589 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202302384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
We recently reported that growth/differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) and its receptor GDNF family receptor alpha-like (GFRAL) are expressed in the periventricular germinal epithelium thereby regulating apical progenitor proliferation. However, the mechanisms are unknown. We now found GFRAL in primary cilia and altered cilia morphology upon GDF15 ablation. Mutant progenitors also displayed increased histone deacetylase 6 (Hdac6) and ciliary adenylate cyclase 3 (Adcy3) transcript levels. Consistently, microtubule acetylation, endogenous sonic hedgehog (SHH) activation and ciliary ADCY3 were all affected in this group. Application of exogenous GDF15 or pharmacological antagonists of either HDAC6 or ADCY3 similarly normalized ciliary morphology, proliferation and SHH signalling. Notably, Gdf15 ablation affected Hdac6 expression and cilia length only in the mutant periventricular niche, in concomitance with ciliary localization of GFRAL. In contrast, in the hippocampus, where GFRAL was not expressed in the cilium, progenitors displayed altered Adcy3 expression and SHH signalling, but Hdac6 expression, cilia morphology and ciliary ADCY3 levels remained unchanged. Thus, ciliary signalling underlies the effect of GDF15 on primary cilia elongation and proliferation in apical progenitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katja Baur
- https://ror.org/038t36y30 Department of Neurobiology, Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences (IZN), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Şeydanur Şan
- https://ror.org/038t36y30 Department of Neurobiology, Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences (IZN), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Gabriele Hölzl-Wenig
- https://ror.org/038t36y30 Department of Neurobiology, Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences (IZN), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Claudia Mandl
- https://ror.org/038t36y30 Department of Neurobiology, Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences (IZN), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andrea Hellwig
- https://ror.org/038t36y30 Department of Neurobiology, Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences (IZN), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Francesca Ciccolini
- https://ror.org/038t36y30 Department of Neurobiology, Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences (IZN), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wu C, Liu S, Zhou L, Chen Z, Yang Q, Cui Y, Chen M, Li L, Ke B, Li C, Yin S. Cellular and Molecular Insights into the Divergence of Neural Stem Cells on Matrigel and Poly-l-lysine Interfaces. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024. [PMID: 38874539 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c02575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Poly-l-lysine (PLL) and Matrigel, both classical coating materials for culture substrates in neural stem cell (NSC) research, present distinct interfaces whose effect on NSC behavior at cellular and molecular levels remains ambiguous. Our investigation reveals intriguing disparities: although both PLL and Matrigel interfaces are hydrophilic and feature amine functional groups, Matrigel stands out with lower stiffness and higher roughness. Based on this diversity, Matrigel surpasses PLL, driving NSC adhesion, migration, and proliferation. Intriguingly, PLL promotes NSC differentiation into astrocytes, whereas Matrigel favors neural differentiation and the physiological maturation of neurons. At the molecular level, Matrigel showcases a wider upregulation of genes linked to NSC behavior. Specifically, it enhances ECM-receptor interaction, activates the YAP transcription factor, and heightens glycerophospholipid metabolism, steering NSC proliferation and neural differentiation. Conversely, PLL upregulates genes associated with glial cell differentiation and amino acid metabolism and elevates various amino acid levels, potentially linked to its support for astrocyte differentiation. These distinct transcriptional and metabolic activities jointly shape the divergent NSC behavior on these substrates. This study significantly advances our understanding of substrate regulation on NSC behavior, offering novel insights into optimizing and targeting the application of these surface coating materials in NSC research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cuiping Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Otolaryngology Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Suru Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Otolaryngology Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhengnong Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Otolaryngology Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Quanjun Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Yaqi Cui
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Otolaryngology Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Ming Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Otolaryngology Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Linpeng Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Otolaryngology Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Bingbing Ke
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Otolaryngology Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Chunyan Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Otolaryngology Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Shankai Yin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Otolaryngology Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Vassal M, Martins F, Monteiro B, Tambaro S, Martinez-Murillo R, Rebelo S. Emerging Pro-neurogenic Therapeutic Strategies for Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Review of Pre-clinical and Clinical Research. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04246-w. [PMID: 38816676 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04246-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
The neuroscience community has largely accepted the notion that functional neurons can be generated from neural stem cells in the adult brain, especially in two brain regions: the subventricular zone of the lateral ventricles and the subgranular zone in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus. However, impaired neurogenesis has been observed in some neurodegenerative diseases, particularly in Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's diseases, and also in Lewy Body dementia. Therefore, restoration of neurogenic function in neurodegenerative diseases emerges as a potential therapeutic strategy to counteract, or at least delay, disease progression. Considering this, the present study summarizes the different neuronal niches, provides a collection of the therapeutic potential of different pro-neurogenic strategies in pre-clinical and clinical research, providing details about their possible modes of action, to guide future research and clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Vassal
- Department of Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Filipa Martins
- Department of Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Bruno Monteiro
- Department of Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Simone Tambaro
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Ricardo Martinez-Murillo
- Neurovascular Research Group, Department of Translational Neurobiology, Cajal Institute (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sandra Rebelo
- Department of Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yu W, Li Y, Zhong F, Deng Z, Wu J, Yu W, Lü Y. Disease-Associated Neurotoxic Astrocyte Markers in Alzheimer Disease Based on Integrative Single-Nucleus RNA Sequencing. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2024; 44:20. [PMID: 38345650 PMCID: PMC10861702 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-024-01453-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer disease (AD) is an irreversible neurodegenerative disease, and astrocytes play a key role in its onset and progression. The aim of this study is to analyze the characteristics of neurotoxic astrocytes and identify novel molecular targets for slowing down the progression of AD. Single-nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq) data were analyzed from various AD cohorts comprising about 210,654 cells from 53 brain tissue. By integrating snRNA-seq data with bulk RNA-seq data, crucial astrocyte types and genes associated with the prognosis of patients with AD were identified. The expression of neurotoxic astrocyte markers was validated using 5 × FAD and wild-type (WT) mouse models, combined with experiments such as western blot, quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), and immunofluorescence. A group of neurotoxic astrocytes closely related to AD pathology was identified, which were involved in inflammatory responses and pathways related to neuron survival. Combining snRNA and bulk tissue data, ZEP36L, AEBP1, WWTR1, PHYHD1, DST and RASL12 were identified as toxic astrocyte markers closely related to disease severity, significantly elevated in brain tissues of 5 × FAD mice and primary astrocytes treated with Aβ. Among them, WWTR1 was significantly increased in astrocytes of 5 × FAD mice, driving astrocyte inflammatory responses, and has been identified as an important marker of neurotoxic astrocytes. snRNA-seq analysis reveals the biological functions of neurotoxic astrocytes. Six genes related to AD pathology were identified and validated, among which WWTR1 may be a novel marker of neurotoxic astrocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wuhan Yu
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No.1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yin Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Fuxin Zhong
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No.1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Zhangjing Deng
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No.1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Jiani Wu
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No.1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Weihua Yu
- Institutes of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yang Lü
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No.1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong, Chongqing, 400016, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhao Z, Geng Y, Ni Q, Chen Y, Cao Y, Lu Y, Wang H, Wang R, Sun W. IFT80 promotes early bone healing of tooth sockets through the activation of TAZ/RUNX2 pathway. Oral Dis 2024. [PMID: 38287672 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Intraflagellar transport (IFT) proteins have been reported to regulate cell growth and differentiation as the essential functional component of primary cilia. The effects of IFT80 on early bone healing of extraction sockets have not been well studied. To investigate whether deletion of Ift80 in alveolar bone-derived mesenchymal stem cells (aBMSCs) affected socket bone healing, we generated a mouse model of specific knockout of Ift80 in Prx1 mesenchymal lineage cells (Prx1Cre ;IFT80f/f ). Our results demonstrated that deletion of IFT80 in Prx1 lineage cells decreased the trabecular bone volume, ALP-positive osteoblastic activity, TRAP-positive osteoclastic activity, and OSX-/COL I-/OCN-positive areas in tooth extraction sockets of Prx1Cre ; IFT80f/f mice compared with IFT80f/f littermates. Furthermore, aBMSCs from Prx1Cre ; IFT80f/f mice showed significantly decreased osteogenic markers and downregulated migration and proliferation capacity. Importantly, the overexpression of TAZ recovered significantly the expressions of osteogenic markers and migration capacity of aBMSCs. Lastly, the local administration of lentivirus for TAZ enhanced the expression of RUNX2 and OSX and promoted early bone healing of extraction sockets from Prx1Cre ; IFT80f/f mice. Thus, IFT80 promotes osteogenesis and early bone healing of tooth sockets through the activation of TAZ/RUNX2 pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ziwei Zhao
- Department of Basic Science of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Dental Implantology, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ying Geng
- Department of Basic Science of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiaoqi Ni
- Department of Basic Science of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yue Chen
- Department of Basic Science of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanan Cao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Dental Implantology, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yahui Lu
- Department of Basic Science of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Basic Science of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Ruixia Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Dental Implantology, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Wen Sun
- Department of Basic Science of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Gopalakrishnan J, Feistel K, Friedrich BM, Grapin‐Botton A, Jurisch‐Yaksi N, Mass E, Mick DU, Müller R, May‐Simera H, Schermer B, Schmidts M, Walentek P, Wachten D. Emerging principles of primary cilia dynamics in controlling tissue organization and function. EMBO J 2023; 42:e113891. [PMID: 37743763 PMCID: PMC10620770 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2023113891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary cilia project from the surface of most vertebrate cells and are key in sensing extracellular signals and locally transducing this information into a cellular response. Recent findings show that primary cilia are not merely static organelles with a distinct lipid and protein composition. Instead, the function of primary cilia relies on the dynamic composition of molecules within the cilium, the context-dependent sensing and processing of extracellular stimuli, and cycles of assembly and disassembly in a cell- and tissue-specific manner. Thereby, primary cilia dynamically integrate different cellular inputs and control cell fate and function during tissue development. Here, we review the recently emerging concept of primary cilia dynamics in tissue development, organization, remodeling, and function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jay Gopalakrishnan
- Institute for Human Genetics, Heinrich‐Heine‐UniversitätUniversitätsklinikum DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany
| | - Kerstin Feistel
- Department of Zoology, Institute of BiologyUniversity of HohenheimStuttgartGermany
| | | | - Anne Grapin‐Botton
- Cluster of Excellence Physics of Life, TU DresdenDresdenGermany
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and GeneticsDresdenGermany
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden of the Helmholtz Center Munich at The University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus and Faculty of Medicine of the TU DresdenDresdenGermany
| | - Nathalie Jurisch‐Yaksi
- Department of Clinical and Molecular MedicineNorwegian University of Science and TechnologyTrondheimNorway
| | - Elvira Mass
- Life and Medical Sciences Institute, Developmental Biology of the Immune SystemUniversity of BonnBonnGermany
| | - David U Mick
- Center for Molecular Signaling (PZMS), Center of Human and Molecular Biology (ZHMB)Saarland School of MedicineHomburgGermany
| | - Roman‐Ulrich Müller
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital CologneUniversity of CologneCologneGermany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging‐Associated Diseases (CECAD), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital CologneUniversity of CologneCologneGermany
| | - Helen May‐Simera
- Institute of Molecular PhysiologyJohannes Gutenberg‐UniversityMainzGermany
| | - Bernhard Schermer
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital CologneUniversity of CologneCologneGermany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging‐Associated Diseases (CECAD), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital CologneUniversity of CologneCologneGermany
| | - Miriam Schmidts
- Pediatric Genetics Division, Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent MedicineUniversity Hospital FreiburgFreiburgGermany
- CIBSS‐Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling StudiesUniversity of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
| | - Peter Walentek
- CIBSS‐Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling StudiesUniversity of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
- Renal Division, Internal Medicine IV, Medical CenterUniversity of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
| | - Dagmar Wachten
- Institute of Innate Immunity, Biophysical Imaging, Medical FacultyUniversity of BonnBonnGermany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Sakaji K, Ebrahimiazar S, Harigae Y, Ishibashi K, Sato T, Yoshikawa T, Atsumi GI, Sung CH, Saito M. MAST4 promotes primary ciliary resorption through phosphorylation of Tctex-1. Life Sci Alliance 2023; 6:e202301947. [PMID: 37726137 PMCID: PMC10509483 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202301947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The primary cilium undergoes cell cycle-dependent assembly and disassembly. Dysregulated ciliary dynamics are associated with several pathological conditions called ciliopathies. Previous studies showed that the localization of phosphorylated Tctex-1 at Thr94 (T94) at the ciliary base critically regulates ciliary resorption by accelerating actin remodeling and ciliary pocket membrane endocytosis. Here, we show that microtubule-associated serine/threonine kinase family member 4 (MAST4) is localized at the primary cilium. Suppressing MAST4 blocks serum-induced ciliary resorption, and overexpressing MAST4 accelerates ciliary resorption. Tctex-1 binds to the kinase domain of MAST4, in which the R503 and D504 residues are key to MAST4-mediated ciliary resorption. The ciliary resorption and the ciliary base localization of phospho-(T94)Tctex-1 are blocked by the knockdown of MAST4 or the expression of the catalytic-inactive site-directed MAST4 mutants. Moreover, MAST4 is required for Cdc42 activation and Rab5-mediated periciliary membrane endocytosis during ciliary resorption. These results support that MAST4 is a novel kinase that regulates ciliary resorption by modulating the ciliary base localization of phospho-(T94)Tctex-1. MAST4 is a potential new target for treating ciliopathies causally by ciliary resorption defects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kensuke Sakaji
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Sara Ebrahimiazar
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Harigae
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kenichi Ishibashi
- https://ror.org/01gaw2478 Department of Molecular Physiology and Pathology, School of Pharma-Science, Teikyo University, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeya Sato
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Clinical Biology and Hormonal Regulation, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takeo Yoshikawa
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
- Department of Pharmacology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Gen-Ichi Atsumi
- https://ror.org/01gaw2478 Department of Molecular Physiology and Pathology, School of Pharma-Science, Teikyo University, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ching-Hwa Sung
- Department of Ophthalmology, Margaret M. Dyson Vision Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Masaki Saito
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
- https://ror.org/01gaw2478 Department of Molecular Physiology and Pathology, School of Pharma-Science, Teikyo University, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Macarelli V, Leventea E, Merkle FT. Regulation of the length of neuronal primary cilia and its potential effects on signalling. Trends Cell Biol 2023; 33:979-990. [PMID: 37302961 PMCID: PMC7615206 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2023.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Primary cilia protrude from most vertebrate cell bodies and act as specialized 'signalling antennae' that can substantially lengthen or retract in minutes to hours in response to specific stimuli. Here, we review the conditions and mechanisms responsible for regulating primary cilia length (PCL) in mammalian nonsensory neurons, and propose four models of how they could affect ciliary signalling and alter cell state and suggest experiments to distinguish between them. These models include (i) the passive indicator model, where changes in PCL have no consequence; (ii) the rheostat model, in which a longer cilium enhances signalling; (iii) the local concentration model, where ciliary shortening increases the local protein concentration to facilitate signalling; and (iv) the altered composition model where changes in PCL skew signalling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Macarelli
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Eleni Leventea
- Wolfson Diabetes and Endocrine Clinic, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Florian T Merkle
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Torres RM, Turner JA, D’Antonio M, Pelanda R, Kremer KN. Regulation of CD8 T-cell signaling, metabolism, and cytotoxic activity by extracellular lysophosphatidic acid. Immunol Rev 2023; 317:203-222. [PMID: 37096808 PMCID: PMC10523933 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is an endogenous bioactive lipid that is produced extracellularly and signals to cells via cognate LPA receptors, which are G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). Mature lymphocytes in mice and humans express three LPA receptors, LPA2 , LPA5, and LPA6 , and work from our group has determined that LPA5 signaling by T lymphocytes inhibits specific antigen-receptor signaling pathways that ultimately impair lymphocyte activation, proliferation, and function. In this review, we discuss previous and ongoing work characterizing the ability of an LPA-LPA5 axis to serve as a peripheral immunological tolerance mechanism that restrains adaptive immunity but is subverted during settings of chronic inflammation. Specifically, LPA-LPA5 signaling is found to regulate effector cytotoxic CD8 T cells by (at least) two mechanisms: (i) regulating the actin-microtubule cytoskeleton in a manner that impairs immunological synapse formation between an effector CD8 T cell and antigen-specific target cell, thus directly impairing cytotoxic activity, and (ii) shifting T-cell metabolism to depend on fatty-acid oxidation for mitochondrial respiration and reducing metabolic efficiency. The in vivo outcome of LPA5 inhibitory activity impairs CD8 T-cell killing and tumor immunity in mouse models providing impetus to consider LPA5 antagonism for the treatment of malignancies and chronic infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raul M. Torres
- Department of Immunology & Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora Colorado, 80045
| | - Jacqueline A. Turner
- Department of Immunology & Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora Colorado, 80045
| | - Marc D’Antonio
- Department of Immunology & Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora Colorado, 80045
| | - Roberta Pelanda
- Department of Immunology & Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora Colorado, 80045
| | - Kimberly N. Kremer
- Department of Immunology & Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora Colorado, 80045
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
He H, Sugiyama A, Snyder NW, Teneche MG, Liu X, Maner-Smith KM, Goessling W, Hagen SJ, Ortlund EA, Najafi-Shoushtari SH, Acuña M, Cohen DE. Acyl-CoA thioesterase 12 suppresses YAP-mediated hepatocarcinogenesis by limiting glycerolipid biosynthesis. Cancer Lett 2023; 565:216210. [PMID: 37150501 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2023.216210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cells use acetate to support the higher demand for energy and lipid biosynthesis during uncontrolled cell proliferation, as well as for acetylation of regulatory proteins. Acyl-CoA thioesterase 12 (Acot12) is the enzyme that hydrolyzes acetyl-CoA to acetate in liver cytosol and is downregulated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). A mechanistic role for Acot12 in hepatocarcinogenesis was assessed in mice in response to treatment with diethylnitrosamine(DEN)/carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) administration or prolonged feeding of a diet that promotes non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Relative to controls, Acot12-/- mice exhibited accelerated liver tumor formation that was characterized by the hepatic accumulation of glycerolipids, including lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), and that was associated with reduced Hippo signaling and increased yes-associated protein (YAP)-mediated transcriptional activity. In Acot12-/- mice, restoration of hepatic Acot12 expression inhibited hepatocarcinogenesis and YAP activation, as did knockdown of hepatic YAP expression. Excess LPA produced due to deletion of Acot12 signaled through LPA receptors (LPARs) coupled to Gα12/13 subunits to suppress YAP phosphorylation, thereby promoting its nuclear localization and transcriptional activity. These findings identify a protective role for Acot12 in suppressing hepatocarcinogenesis by limiting biosynthesis of glycerolipids including LPA, which preserves Hippo signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haiyue He
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Joan & Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA; Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Hunan, China
| | - Akiko Sugiyama
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Joan & Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA; Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endoscopy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Nathaniel W Snyder
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Marcos G Teneche
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Xiaowei Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Hunan, China
| | - Kristal M Maner-Smith
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Wolfram Goessling
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Susan J Hagen
- Division of Surgical Sciences, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel-Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Eric A Ortlund
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - S Hani Najafi-Shoushtari
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA; Research Department, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mariana Acuña
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Joan & Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA; Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endoscopy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - David E Cohen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Joan & Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA; Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endoscopy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Mill P, Christensen ST, Pedersen LB. Primary cilia as dynamic and diverse signalling hubs in development and disease. Nat Rev Genet 2023; 24:421-441. [PMID: 37072495 PMCID: PMC7615029 DOI: 10.1038/s41576-023-00587-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
Primary cilia, antenna-like sensory organelles protruding from the surface of most vertebrate cell types, are essential for regulating signalling pathways during development and adult homeostasis. Mutations in genes affecting cilia cause an overlapping spectrum of >30 human diseases and syndromes, the ciliopathies. Given the immense structural and functional diversity of the mammalian cilia repertoire, there is a growing disconnect between patient genotype and associated phenotypes, with variable severity and expressivity characteristic of the ciliopathies as a group. Recent technological developments are rapidly advancing our understanding of the complex mechanisms that control biogenesis and function of primary cilia across a range of cell types and are starting to tackle this diversity. Here, we examine the structural and functional diversity of primary cilia, their dynamic regulation in different cellular and developmental contexts and their disruption in disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pleasantine Mill
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | | | - Lotte B Pedersen
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Lu C, Wu X, Wang X, Xiao Z, Ma L, Dai J, Jian F. Single-cell transcriptomics reveals ependymal subtypes related to cytoskeleton dynamics as the core driver of syringomyelia pathological development. iScience 2023; 26:106850. [PMID: 37275526 PMCID: PMC10232665 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Syringomyelia is a common clinical lesion associated with cerebrospinal fluid flow abnormalities. By a reversible model with chronic extradural compression to mimic human canalicular syringomyelia, we explored the spatiotemporal pathological alterations during syrinx development. The most dynamic alterations were observed in ependymal cells (EPCs), oligodendrocyte lineage, and microglia, as a response to neuroinflammation. Among different cell types, EPC subtypes experienced obvious dynamic alterations, which were accompanied by ultrastructural changes involving the ependymal cytoskeleton, cilia, and dynamic injury in parenchyma primarily around the central canal, corresponding to the single-cell transcripts. After effective decompression, the syrinx resolved with the recovery of pathological damage and overall neurological function, implying that for syringomyelia in the early stage, there was still endogenous repair potential coexisting with immune microenvironment imbalance. Ependymal remodeling and cilia restoration might be important for better resolution of syringomyelia and parenchymal injury recovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunli Lu
- Division of Spine, Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University (CCMU), Beijing, China
- Neurospine Center, China International Neuroscience Institute (CHINA-INI), Beijing, China
- Research Center of Spine and Spinal Cord, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, CCMU, Beijing, China
- Lab of Spinal Cord Injury and Function Reconstruction, CHINA-INI, Beijing, China
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Xianming Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Division of Spine, Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University (CCMU), Beijing, China
- Neurospine Center, China International Neuroscience Institute (CHINA-INI), Beijing, China
- Research Center of Spine and Spinal Cord, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, CCMU, Beijing, China
- Lab of Spinal Cord Injury and Function Reconstruction, CHINA-INI, Beijing, China
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Zhifeng Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Longbing Ma
- Division of Spine, Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University (CCMU), Beijing, China
- Neurospine Center, China International Neuroscience Institute (CHINA-INI), Beijing, China
- Research Center of Spine and Spinal Cord, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, CCMU, Beijing, China
- Lab of Spinal Cord Injury and Function Reconstruction, CHINA-INI, Beijing, China
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Jianwu Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Fengzeng Jian
- Division of Spine, Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University (CCMU), Beijing, China
- Neurospine Center, China International Neuroscience Institute (CHINA-INI), Beijing, China
- Research Center of Spine and Spinal Cord, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, CCMU, Beijing, China
- Lab of Spinal Cord Injury and Function Reconstruction, CHINA-INI, Beijing, China
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Yanagida K, Shimizu T. Lysophosphatidic acid, a simple phospholipid with myriad functions. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 246:108421. [PMID: 37080433 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a simple phospholipid consisting of a phosphate group, glycerol moiety, and only one hydrocarbon chain. Despite its simple chemical structure, LPA plays an important role as an essential bioactive signaling molecule via its specific six G protein-coupled receptors, LPA1-6. Recent studies, especially those using genetic tools, have revealed diverse physiological and pathological roles of LPA and LPA receptors in almost every organ system. Furthermore, many studies are illuminating detailed mechanisms to orchestrate multiple LPA receptor signaling pathways and to facilitate their coordinated function. Importantly, these extensive "bench" works are now translated into the "bedside" as exemplified by approaches targeting LPA1 signaling to combat fibrotic diseases. In this review, we discuss the physiological and pathological roles of LPA signaling and their implications for clinical application by focusing on findings revealed by in vivo studies utilizing genetic tools targeting LPA receptors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Yanagida
- Department of Lipid Life Science, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Takao Shimizu
- Department of Lipid Life Science, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Institute of Microbial Chemistry, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kobayashi Y, Saito Y. Evaluation of ciliary-GPCR dynamics using a validated organotypic brain slice culture method. Methods Cell Biol 2023; 175:69-83. [PMID: 36967146 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2022.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The primary cilium is a structural organelle present in most mammalian cells. Primary cilia are enriched with a unique protein repertoire distinct from that of the cytosol and the plasma membrane. Such a highly organized microenvironment creates effective machinery for translating extracellular cues into intracellular signals. G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are key receptors in sensing environmental stimuli transmitted via a second messenger into a cellular response. Recent data has demonstrated that a limited number of non-olfactory GPCRs, including melanin-concentrating hormone receptor 1 (MCHR1), are preferentially localized to ciliary membranes of several mammalian cell types, including neuronal cells. Evidence was accumulated to support the functional importance of ciliary-GPCR signaling accompanying ciliary structural changes using cilia-specific cell and molecular biology techniques. Thus, cilia are now considered to function as a unique sensory platform for the integration of GPCR signaling and various cytoplasmic domains. Dissociated neurons expressing ciliary-GPCRs can be a useful tool for examining ciliary dynamics. However, losing preexisting neuronal connectivity may alter neuronal ciliary morphology, such as abnormal elongation. Brain slices prepared under ex vitro conditions are a powerful approach that maintains the cytoarchitecture, enabling researchers to have accurate control over experimental conditions and to study individual cells from subregions of the brain. Here, we present a detailed description of our novel modified method for organotypic culture of rat brain slice and a validated immunostaining protocol to characterize ciliary-GPCR dynamics in coupling with neuropeptides or aminergic activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Kobayashi
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yumiko Saito
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Lim HK, Kim K, Son YK, Nah SY, Ahn SM, Song M. Gintonin stimulates dendritic growth in striatal neurons by activating Akt and CREB. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:1014497. [PMID: 36385759 PMCID: PMC9643712 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.1014497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Gintonin, a glycolipid protein conjugated with lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), is a newly identified compound extracted from Korean ginseng. LPA receptor isotypes exhibit high affinity for gintonin and mediate intracellular calcium signaling in various animal cell models. In this study, we found that gintonin induced the activation of Akt and cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB) in mouse striatal neurons, and chronic treatment with gintonin potently induced dendritic growth and filopodia formation. Gintonin-induced Akt/CREB activation and dendritic development were significantly impaired by LPA receptor (LPAR1/3) inhibition with Ki16425. Intriguingly, prolonged treatment with gintonin ameliorated the reduction in dendritic formation caused by Shank3 and Slitrk5 deficiency in the striatal neurons. In addition, gintonin and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) had a synergistic effect on AKT/CREB activation and dendritic growth at suboptimal concentrations. These findings imply that gintonin-stimulated LPA receptors play a role in dendritic growth in striatal neurons and that they may act synergistically with BDNF, which is known to play a role in dendritogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hye Kyung Lim
- Department of Life Sciences, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
| | - Kitaek Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
| | - Youn Kyoung Son
- National Institute of Biological Resources, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Seung-Yeol Nah
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Soo Min Ahn
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery Center, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Minseok Song
- Department of Life Sciences, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Primary Cilia Influence Progenitor Function during Cortical Development. Cells 2022; 11:cells11182895. [PMID: 36139475 PMCID: PMC9496791 DOI: 10.3390/cells11182895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Corticogenesis is an intricate process controlled temporally and spatially by many intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Alterations during this important process can lead to severe cortical malformations. Apical neuronal progenitors are essential cells able to self-amplify and also generate basal progenitors and/or neurons. Apical radial glia (aRG) are neuronal progenitors with a unique morphology. They have a long basal process acting as a support for neuronal migration to the cortical plate and a short apical process directed towards the ventricle from which protrudes a primary cilium. This antenna-like structure allows aRG to sense cues from the embryonic cerebrospinal fluid (eCSF) helping to maintain cell shape and to influence several key functions of aRG such as proliferation and differentiation. Centrosomes, major microtubule organising centres, are crucial for cilia formation. In this review, we focus on how primary cilia influence aRG function during cortical development and pathologies which may arise due to defects in this structure. Reporting and cataloguing a number of ciliary mutant models, we discuss the importance of primary cilia for aRG function and cortical development.
Collapse
|
17
|
Liang Z, He P, Han Y, Yun CC. Survival of Stem Cells and Progenitors in the Intestine Is Regulated by LPA 5-Dependent Signaling. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 14:129-150. [PMID: 35390517 PMCID: PMC9120264 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2022.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Regeneration of the epithelium by stem cells in the intestine is supported by intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), a bioactive lipid mediator, regulates many cellular functions, including cell proliferation, survival, and cytokine secretion. Here, we identify LPA5 receptor as a potent regulator of the survival of stem cells and transit-amplifying cells in the intestine. METHODS We have used genetic mouse models of conditional deletion of Lpar5, Lpar5f/f;Rosa-CreERT (Lpar5KO), and intestinal epithelial cell-specific Lpar5f/f;AhCre (Lpar5IECKO) mice. Mice were treated with tamoxifen or β-naphthoflavone to delete Lpar5 expression. Enteroids derived from these mice were used to determine the effect of Lpar5 loss on the apoptosis and proliferation of crypt epithelial cells. RESULTS Conditional loss of Lpar5 induced ablation of the intestinal mucosa, which increased morbidity of Lpar5KO mice. Epithelial regeneration was compromised with increased apoptosis and decreased proliferation of crypt epithelial cells by Lpar5 loss. Interestingly, intestinal epithelial cell-specific Lpar5 loss did not cause similar phenotypic defects in vivo. Lpar5 loss reduced intestinal stem cell marker gene expression and reduced lineage tracing from Lgr5+ ISCs. Lpar5 loss induced CXCL10 expression which exerts cytotoxic effects on intestinal stem cells and progenitors in the intestinal crypts. By co-culturing Lpar5KO enteroids with wild-type or Lpar5KO splenocytes, we demonstrated that lymphocytes protect the intestinal crypts via a LPA5-dependent suppression of CXCL10. CONCLUSIONS LPA5 is essential for the regeneration of intestinal epithelium. Our findings reveal a new finding that LPA5 regulates survival of stem cells and transit-amplifying cells in the intestine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongxing Liang
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Peijian He
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Yiran Han
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - C. Chris Yun
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia,Gastroenterology Research, Atlanta Veterans Administration Medical Center, Decatur, Georgia,Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia,Correspondence Address correspondence to: Chris Yun, PhD, Division of Digestive Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30324. fax: (404) 727-5767.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Sun K, Chen RX, Li JZ, Luo ZX. LPAR2 correlated with different prognosis and immune cell infiltration in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and kidney renal clear cell carcinoma. Hereditas 2022; 159:16. [PMID: 35241179 PMCID: PMC8896370 DOI: 10.1186/s41065-022-00229-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and its receptors play a key role in regulating cancer progression. Upregulation of LPA receptor 2 (LPAR2) plays a role in carcinogenesis; however, the exact role of LPAR2 in tumors remains elusive. This study aims to explore the correlation between LPAR2 expression with tumor prognosis and immune infiltration in pan-cancers. Materials and methods The expression of LPAR2 in pan-cancers was analyzed using the Online Cancer Microarray Database (Oncomine), Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER), and UALCAN databases. The effects of LPAR2 on the clinical prognosis in pan-cancer were examined using the Kaplan–Meier plotter (KM plotter) as well as Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA), UALCAN, and Human Protein Atlas (HPA) databases. Moreover, the R software program was applied for validation of expression and prognostic value of LPAR2 in tumor patients in the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset and the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The relationship between the expression level of LPAR2 and the clinical and molecular criteria of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSC) and kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC) was analyzed using UALCAN, whereas the relationship between LPAR2 expression and prognosis in patients with HNSC and KIRC with different clinical characteristics was examined using the KM plotter. Furthermore, the correlation between LPAR2 expression and tumor immune infiltration was examined using TIMER. The correlation between LPAR2 expression and gene markers of tumor immune infiltrates was analyzed using TIMER and GEPIA. In addition, the cBioPortal for Cancer Genomics was used to calculate the mutations, methylations, and altered neighbor genes of LPAR2. Results The expression of LPAR2 was significantly correlated with the outcome of multiple types of cancer, especially HNSC and KIRC. Furthermore, high expression of LPAR2 was significantly associated with various immune markers in the immune cell subsets of HNSC and KIRC. Conclusions High expression of LPAR2 plays significantly different prognostic roles in HNSC and KIRC possibly owing to its association with different immune markers. LPAR2 is correlated with tumor immune cell infiltration and is a valuable prognostic biomarker for HNSC and KIRC. However, further experiments are required to validate these findings. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s41065-022-00229-w.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Sun
- Department of Oncology, Liuzhou People's Hospital, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Liuzhou, 545001, China
| | - Ri-Xin Chen
- Department of Oncology, Liuzhou People's Hospital, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Liuzhou, 545001, China
| | - Jing-Zhang Li
- Department of Oncology, Liuzhou People's Hospital, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Liuzhou, 545001, China.
| | - Zhan-Xiong Luo
- Department of Oncology, Liuzhou People's Hospital, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Liuzhou, 545001, China.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Shen XL, Yuan JF, Qin XH, Song GP, Hu HB, Tu HQ, Song ZQ, Li PY, Xu YL, Li S, Jian XX, Li JN, He CY, Yu XP, Liang LY, Wu M, Han QY, Wang K, Li AL, Zhou T, Zhang YC, Wang N, Li HY. LUBAC regulates ciliogenesis by promoting CP110 removal from the mother centriole. J Cell Biol 2022; 221:212875. [PMID: 34813648 PMCID: PMC8614155 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202105092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary cilia transduce diverse signals in embryonic development and adult tissues. Defective ciliogenesis results in a series of human disorders collectively known as ciliopathies. The CP110–CEP97 complex removal from the mother centriole is an early critical step for ciliogenesis, but the underlying mechanism for this step remains largely obscure. Here, we reveal that the linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex (LUBAC) plays an essential role in ciliogenesis by targeting the CP110–CEP97 complex. LUBAC specifically generates linear ubiquitin chains on CP110, which is required for CP110 removal from the mother centriole in ciliogenesis. We further identify that a pre-mRNA splicing factor, PRPF8, at the distal end of the mother centriole acts as the receptor of the linear ubiquitin chains to facilitate CP110 removal at the initial stage of ciliogenesis. Thus, our study reveals a direct mechanism of regulating CP110 removal in ciliogenesis and implicates the E3 ligase LUBAC as a potential therapy target of cilia-associated diseases, including ciliopathies and cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Lin Shen
- Nanhu Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing, China
| | - Jin-Feng Yuan
- Nanhu Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing, China
| | - Xuan-He Qin
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guang-Ping Song
- Nanhu Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing, China
| | - Huai-Bin Hu
- Nanhu Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing, China
| | - Hai-Qing Tu
- Nanhu Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing, China
| | - Zeng-Qing Song
- Nanhu Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing, China
| | - Pei-Yao Li
- Nanhu Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Ling Xu
- Nanhu Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing, China
| | - Sen Li
- Nanhu Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Xiao Jian
- Nanhu Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing, China
| | - Jia-Ning Li
- Nanhu Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing, China
| | - Chun-Yu He
- Nanhu Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing, China
| | - Xi-Ping Yu
- Nanhu Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Yun Liang
- Nanhu Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing, China
| | - Min Wu
- Nanhu Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing, China
| | - Qiu-Ying Han
- Nanhu Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Nanhu Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing, China
| | - Ai-Ling Li
- Nanhu Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Zhou
- Nanhu Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Cheng Zhang
- Nanhu Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing, China
| | - Na Wang
- Nanhu Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing, China
| | - Hui-Yan Li
- Nanhu Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing, China.,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Pablos M, Casanueva-Álvarez E, González-Casimiro CM, Merino B, Perdomo G, Cózar-Castellano I. Primary Cilia in Pancreatic β- and α-Cells: Time to Revisit the Role of Insulin-Degrading Enzyme. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:922825. [PMID: 35832432 PMCID: PMC9271624 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.922825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary cilium is a narrow organelle located at the surface of the cell in contact with the extracellular environment. Once underappreciated, now is thought to efficiently sense external environmental cues and mediate cell-to-cell communication, because many receptors, ion channels, and signaling molecules are highly or differentially expressed in primary cilium. Rare genetic disorders that affect cilia integrity and function, such as Bardet-Biedl syndrome and Alström syndrome, have awoken interest in studying the biology of cilium. In this review, we discuss recent evidence suggesting emerging roles of primary cilium and cilia-mediated signaling pathways in the regulation of pancreatic β- and α-cell functions, and its implications in regulating glucose homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Pablos
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Marta Pablos,
| | - Elena Casanueva-Álvarez
- Unidad de Excelencia Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, University of Valladolid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Valladolid, Spain
| | - Carlos M. González-Casimiro
- Unidad de Excelencia Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, University of Valladolid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Valladolid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Merino
- Unidad de Excelencia Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, University of Valladolid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Valladolid, Spain
| | - Germán Perdomo
- Unidad de Excelencia Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, University of Valladolid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Valladolid, Spain
| | - Irene Cózar-Castellano
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
- Unidad de Excelencia Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, University of Valladolid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Valladolid, Spain
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Wilsch-Bräuninger M, Huttner WB. Primary Cilia and Centrosomes in Neocortex Development. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:755867. [PMID: 34744618 PMCID: PMC8566538 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.755867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
During mammalian brain development, neural stem and progenitor cells generate the neurons for the six-layered neocortex. The proliferative capacity of the different types of progenitor cells within the germinal zones of the developing neocortex is a major determinant for the number of neurons generated. Furthermore, the various modes of progenitor cell divisions, for which the orientation of the mitotic spindle of progenitor cells has a pivotal role, are a key parameter to ensure the appropriate size and proper cytoarchitecture of the neocortex. Here, we review the roles of primary cilia and centrosomes of progenitor cells in these processes during neocortical development. We specifically focus on the apical progenitor cells in the ventricular zone. In particular, we address the alternating, dual role of the mother centriole (i) as a component of one of the spindle poles during mitosis, and (ii) as the basal body of the primary cilium in interphase, which is pivotal for the fate of apical progenitor cells and their proliferative capacity. We also discuss the interactions of these organelles with the microtubule and actin cytoskeleton, and with junctional complexes. Centriolar appendages have a specific role in this interaction with the cell cortex and the plasma membrane. Another topic of this review is the specific molecular composition of the ciliary membrane and the membrane vesicle traffic to the primary cilium of apical progenitors, which underlie the ciliary signaling during neocortical development; this signaling itself, however, is not covered in depth here. We also discuss the recently emerging evidence regarding the composition and roles of primary cilia and centrosomes in basal progenitors, a class of progenitors thought to be of particular importance for neocortex expansion in development and evolution. While the tight interplay between primary cilia and centrosomes makes it difficult to allocate independent roles to either organelle, mutations in genes encoding ciliary and/or centrosome proteins indicate that both are necessary for the formation of a properly sized and functioning neocortex during development. Human neocortical malformations, like microcephaly, underpin the importance of primary cilia/centrosome-related processes in neocortical development and provide fundamental insight into the underlying mechanisms involved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Wieland B Huttner
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Insights into the Regulation of Ciliary Disassembly. Cells 2021; 10:cells10112977. [PMID: 34831200 PMCID: PMC8616418 DOI: 10.3390/cells10112977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary cilium, an antenna-like structure that protrudes out from the cell surface, is present in most cell types. It is a microtubule-based organelle that serves as a mega-signaling center and is important for sensing biochemical and mechanical signals to carry out various cellular processes such as proliferation, migration, differentiation, and many others. At any given time, cilia length is determined by a dynamic balance of cilia assembly and disassembly processes. Abnormally short or long cilia can cause a plethora of human diseases commonly referred to as ciliopathies, including, but not limited to, skeletal malformations, obesity, autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease, retinal degeneration, and bardet-biedl syndrome. While the process of cilia assembly is studied extensively, the process of cilia disassembly and its biological role(s) are less well understood. This review discusses current knowledge on ciliary disassembly and how different cellular processes and molecular signals converge to carry out this process. This information will help us understand how the process of ciliary disassembly is regulated, identify the key steps that need further investigation, and possibly design therapeutic targets for a subset of ciliopathies that are causally linked to defective ciliary disassembly.
Collapse
|
23
|
Kobayashi Y, Tomoshige S, Imakado K, Sekino Y, Koganezawa N, Shirao T, Diniz GB, Miyamoto T, Saito Y. Ciliary GPCR-based transcriptome as a key regulator of cilia length control. FASEB Bioadv 2021; 3:744-767. [PMID: 34485842 PMCID: PMC8409570 DOI: 10.1096/fba.2021-00029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary cilium is a plasma membrane-protruding sensory organelle that efficiently conveys signaling cascades in a highly ordered microenvironment. Its signaling is mediated, in part, by a limited set of GPCRs preferentially enriched in the cilium membrane. This includes melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) receptor 1 (MCHR1), which plays a role in feeding and mood. In addition to its receptor composition, the length of the cilium is a characteristic parameter that is implicated in its function. We previously found that MCH can dynamically shorten cilia length via the Gi/o and Akt pathways in both MCHR1-expressing hTERT-RPE1 cells (hRPE1 cells) and rat hippocampal neurons. However, the detailed mechanisms by which MCH regulates cilia length through ciliary MCHR1 remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to determine the transcriptome changes in MCHR1-expressing hRPE1 cells in response to MCH to identify the target molecules involved in cilia length regulation via MCHR1 activation. RNA sequencing analysis of ciliated cells subjected to MCH treatment showed upregulation of 424 genes and downregulation of 112 genes compared with static control cells. Validation by quantitative real-time PCR, knocking down, and CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout technology identified a molecule, PDZ and LIM domain-containing protein 5 (PDLIM5). Thus, it was considered as the most significant key factor for MCHR1-mediated shortening of cilia length. Additional analyses revealed that the actin-binding protein alpha-actinin 1/4 is a crucial downstream target of the PDLIM5 signaling pathway that exerts an effect on MCHR1-induced cilia shortening. In the endogenous MCHR1-expressing hippocampus, transcriptional upregulation of PDLIM5 and actinin 1/4, following the application of MCH, was detected when the MCHR1-positive cilia were shortened. Together, our transcriptome study based on ciliary MCHR1 function uncovered a novel and important regulatory step underlying cilia length control. These results will potentially serve as a basis for understanding the mechanism underlying the development of obesity and mood disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Kobayashi
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for LifeHiroshima UniversityHiroshimaJapan
| | - Sakura Tomoshige
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for LifeHiroshima UniversityHiroshimaJapan
| | - Kosuke Imakado
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for LifeHiroshima UniversityHiroshimaJapan
| | - Yuko Sekino
- Endowed Laboratory of Human Cell‐Based Drug DiscoveryGraduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Noriko Koganezawa
- Department of Neurobiology and BehaviorGraduate School of MedicineGunma UniversityMaebashiJapan
| | - Tomoaki Shirao
- Department of Neurobiology and BehaviorGraduate School of MedicineGunma UniversityMaebashiJapan
- AlzMed, Inc.TokyoJapan
| | - Giovanne B. Diniz
- California National Primate Research CenterUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCAUSA
| | - Tatsuo Miyamoto
- Department of Genetics and Cell BiologyResearch Institute for Radiation Biology and MedicineHiroshima UniversityHiroshimaJapan
| | - Yumiko Saito
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for LifeHiroshima UniversityHiroshimaJapan
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Kasahara K, Inagaki M. Primary ciliary signaling: links with the cell cycle. Trends Cell Biol 2021; 31:954-964. [PMID: 34420822 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2021.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Primary cilia are solitary, microtubule-based structures emanating from the surface of most vertebrate cells. Although it is understood that ciliary assembly and disassembly both depend upon and impact cell cycle progression, critical mechanistic details of these links remain unresolved. Accumulating evidence shows that the signaling pathways downstream of receptor tyrosine kinases and lysophosphatidic acid receptors control the dynamics of primary cilia. It has also become clear that primary cilia not only serve as signaling hubs but also regulate the composition of the surrounding membrane, which is likely to affect the response to growth factors. Here, we overview recent advances in understanding the interplay between primary cilia and the cell cycle, with a focus on growth factor signaling pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kousuke Kasahara
- Department of Physiology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Masaki Inagaki
- Department of Physiology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Zhou A, Wu B, Yu H, Tang Y, Liu J, Jia Y, Yang X, Xiang L. Current Understanding of Osteoimmunology in Certain Osteoimmune Diseases. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:698068. [PMID: 34485284 PMCID: PMC8416088 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.698068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The skeletal system and immune system seem to be two independent systems. However, there in fact are extensive and multiple crosstalk between them. The concept of osteoimmunology was created to describe those interdisciplinary events, but it has been constantly updated over time. In this review, we summarize the interactions between the skeletal and immune systems in the co-development of the two systems and the progress of certain typical bone abnormalities and bone regeneration on the cellular and molecular levels according to the mainstream novel study. At the end of the review, we also highlighted the possibility of extending the research scope of osteoimmunology to other systemic diseases. In conclusion, we propose that osteoimmunology is a promising perspective to uncover the mechanism of related diseases; meanwhile, a study from the point of view of osteoimmunology may also provide innovative ideas and resolutions to achieve the balance of internal homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anqi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bingfeng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hui Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yufei Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiayi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yinan Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoyu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lin Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
How neural stem cells contribute to neocortex development. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 49:1997-2006. [PMID: 34397081 PMCID: PMC8589419 DOI: 10.1042/bst20200923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The mammalian neocortex is the seat of higher cognitive functions, such as thinking and language in human. A hallmark of the neocortex are the cortical neurons, which are generated from divisions of neural progenitor cells (NPCs) during development, and which constitute a key feature of the well-organized layered structure of the neocortex. Proper formation of neocortex structure requires an orchestrated cellular behavior of different cortical NPCs during development, especially during the process of cortical neurogenesis. Here, we review the great diversity of NPCs and their contribution to the development of the neocortex. First, we review the categorization of NPCs into different classes and types based on their cell biological features, and discuss recent advances in characterizing marker expression and cell polarity features in the different types of NPCs. Second, we review the different modes of cell divisions that NPCs undergo and discuss the importance of the balance between proliferation and differentiation of NPCs in neocortical development. Third, we review the different proliferative capacities among different NPC types and among the same type of NPC in different mammalian species. Dissecting the differences between NPC types and differences among mammalian species is beneficial to further understand the development and the evolutionary expansion of the neocortex and may open up new therapeutic avenues for neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders.
Collapse
|
27
|
Nishimura Y, Yamakawa D, Uchida K, Shiromizu T, Watanabe M, Inagaki M. Primary cilia and lipid raft dynamics. Open Biol 2021; 11:210130. [PMID: 34428960 PMCID: PMC8385361 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.210130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary cilia, antenna-like structures of the plasma membrane, detect various extracellular cues and transduce signals into the cell to regulate a wide range of functions. Lipid rafts, plasma membrane microdomains enriched in cholesterol, sphingolipids and specific proteins, are also signalling hubs involved in a myriad of physiological functions. Although impairment of primary cilia and lipid rafts is associated with various diseases, the relationship between primary cilia and lipid rafts is poorly understood. Here, we review a newly discovered interaction between primary cilia and lipid raft dynamics that occurs during Akt signalling in adipogenesis. We also discuss the relationship between primary cilia and lipid raft-mediated Akt signalling in cancer biology. This review provides a novel perspective on primary cilia in the regulation of lipid raft dynamics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuhei Nishimura
- Department of Integrative Pharmacology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie, Japan
| | - Daishi Yamakawa
- Department of Physiology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie, Japan
| | - Katsunori Uchida
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie, Japan
| | - Takashi Shiromizu
- Department of Integrative Pharmacology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Watanabe
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie, Japan
| | - Masaki Inagaki
- Department of Physiology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie, Japan
| |
Collapse
|