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Letouzé E, Moreau P, Munshi N, Samur M, Minvielle S, Touzeau C. Mechanisms of resistance to bispecific T-cell engagers in multiple myeloma and their clinical implications. Blood Adv 2024; 8:2952-2959. [PMID: 38513088 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2023012354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Bispecific T-cell engagers (TCEs) are revolutionizing patient care in multiple myeloma (MM). These monoclonal antibodies, that redirect T cells against cancer cells, are now approved for the treatment of triple-class exposed relapsed/refractory MM (RRMM). They are currently tested in earlier lines of the disease, including in first line. Yet, primary resistance occurs in about one-third of patients with RRMM, and most responders eventually develop acquired resistance. Understanding the mechanisms of resistance to bispecific TCE is thus essential to improve immunotherapies in MM. Here, we review recent studies investigating the clinical and molecular determinants of resistance to bispecific TCE. Resistance can arise from tumor-intrinsic or tumor-extrinsic mechanisms. Tumor-intrinsic resistance involves various alterations leading to the loss of the target antigen, such as chromosome deletions, point mutations, or epigenetic silencing. Loss of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I, preventing MHC class I: T-cell receptor (TCR) costimulatory signaling, was also reported. Tumor-extrinsic resistance involves abundant exhausted T-cell clones and several factors generating an immunosuppressive microenvironment. Importantly, some resistance mechanisms impair response to 1 TCE while preserving the efficacy of others. We next discuss the clinical implications of these findings. Monitoring the status of target antigens in tumor cells and their immune environment will be key to select the most appropriate TCE for each patient and to design combination and sequencing strategies for immunotherapy in MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Letouzé
- Nantes Université, INSERM, CNRS, Université d'Angers, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie et Immunologie Nantes Angers, Nantes, France
- University Hospital Hôtel-Dieu, Nantes, France
| | - Philippe Moreau
- Nantes Université, INSERM, CNRS, Université d'Angers, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie et Immunologie Nantes Angers, Nantes, France
- Hematology Department, University Hospital Hôtel-Dieu, Nantes, France
| | - Nikhil Munshi
- Department of Data Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Mehmet Samur
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA
| | - Stéphane Minvielle
- Nantes Université, INSERM, CNRS, Université d'Angers, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie et Immunologie Nantes Angers, Nantes, France
- University Hospital Hôtel-Dieu, Nantes, France
| | - Cyrille Touzeau
- Nantes Université, INSERM, CNRS, Université d'Angers, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie et Immunologie Nantes Angers, Nantes, France
- Hematology Department, University Hospital Hôtel-Dieu, Nantes, France
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2
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Maulana TI, Teufel C, Cipriano M, Roosz J, Lazarevski L, van den Hil FE, Scheller L, Orlova V, Koch A, Hudecek M, Alb M, Loskill P. Breast cancer-on-chip for patient-specific efficacy and safety testing of CAR-T cells. Cell Stem Cell 2024:S1934-5909(24)00145-0. [PMID: 38754430 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2024.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Physiologically relevant human models that recapitulate the challenges of solid tumors and the tumor microenvironment (TME) are highly desired in the chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell field. We developed a breast cancer-on-chip model with an integrated endothelial barrier that enables the transmigration of perfused immune cells, their infiltration into the tumor, and concomitant monitoring of cytokine release during perfused culture over a period of up to 8 days. Here, we exemplified its use for investigating CAR-T cell efficacy and the ability to control the immune reaction with a pharmacological on/off switch. Additionally, we integrated primary breast cancer organoids to study patient-specific CAR-T cell efficacy. The modular architecture of our tumor-on-chip paves the way for studying the role of other cell types in the TME and thus provides the potential for broad application in bench-to-bedside translation as well as acceleration of the preclinical development of CAR-T cell products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengku Ibrahim Maulana
- Department of Microphysiological Systems, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Eberhard Karls University-Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany; NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, 72770 Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Claudia Teufel
- Department of Microphysiological Systems, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Eberhard Karls University-Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Madalena Cipriano
- Department of Microphysiological Systems, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Eberhard Karls University-Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany; 3R Center Tübingen for In Vitro Models and Alternatives to Animal Testing, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Julia Roosz
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, 72770 Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Lisa Lazarevski
- Department of Microphysiological Systems, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Eberhard Karls University-Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Francijna E van den Hil
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, the Netherlands
| | - Lukas Scheller
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik II, Lehrstuhl für Zelluläre Immuntherapie, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Valeria Orlova
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, the Netherlands
| | - André Koch
- Department of Women's Health Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University-Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Michael Hudecek
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik II, Lehrstuhl für Zelluläre Immuntherapie, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, 97078 Würzburg, Germany; Fraunhofer-Institut für Zelltherapie und Immunologie IZI, Außenstelle Würzburg Zelluläre Immuntherapie, 97082 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Miriam Alb
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik II, Lehrstuhl für Zelluläre Immuntherapie, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, 97078 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Peter Loskill
- Department of Microphysiological Systems, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Eberhard Karls University-Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany; NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, 72770 Reutlingen, Germany; 3R Center Tübingen for In Vitro Models and Alternatives to Animal Testing, 72074 Tübingen, Germany.
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3
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Dabkowska A, Domka K, Firczuk M. Advancements in cancer immunotherapies targeting CD20: from pioneering monoclonal antibodies to chimeric antigen receptor-modified T cells. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1363102. [PMID: 38638442 PMCID: PMC11024268 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1363102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
CD20 located predominantly on the B cells plays a crucial role in their development, differentiation, and activation, and serves as a key therapeutic target for the treatment of B-cell malignancies. The breakthrough of monoclonal antibodies directed against CD20, notably exemplified by rituximab, revolutionized the prognosis of B-cell malignancies. Rituximab, approved across various hematological malignancies, marked a paradigm shift in cancer treatment. In the current landscape, immunotherapies targeting CD20 continue to evolve rapidly. Beyond traditional mAbs, advancements include antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), bispecific antibodies (BsAbs), and chimeric antigen receptor-modified (CAR) T cells. ADCs combine the precision of antibodies with the cytotoxic potential of drugs, presenting a promising avenue for enhanced therapeutic efficacy. BsAbs, particularly CD20xCD3 constructs, redirect cytotoxic T cells to eliminate cancer cells, thereby enhancing both precision and potency in their therapeutic action. CAR-T cells stand as a promising strategy for combatting hematological malignancies, representing one of the truly personalized therapeutic interventions. Many new therapies are currently being evaluated in clinical trials. This review serves as a comprehensive summary of CD20-targeted therapies, highlighting the progress and challenges that persist. Despite significant advancements, adverse events associated with these therapies and the development of resistance remain critical issues. Understanding and mitigating these challenges is paramount for the continued success of CD20-targeted immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Dabkowska
- Laboratory of Immunology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Domka
- Laboratory of Immunology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Firczuk
- Laboratory of Immunology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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4
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Furnari FB, Anastasaki C, Bian S, Fine HA, Koga T, Le LQ, Rodriguez FJ, Gutmann DH. Stem cell modeling of nervous system tumors. Dis Model Mech 2024; 17:dmm050533. [PMID: 38353122 PMCID: PMC10886724 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.050533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Nervous system tumors, particularly brain tumors, represent the most common tumors in children and one of the most lethal tumors in adults. Despite decades of research, there are few effective therapies for these cancers. Although human nervous system tumor cells and genetically engineered mouse models have served as excellent platforms for drug discovery and preclinical testing, they have limitations with respect to accurately recapitulating important aspects of the pathobiology of spontaneously arising human tumors. For this reason, attention has turned to the deployment of human stem cell engineering involving human embryonic or induced pluripotent stem cells, in which genetic alterations associated with nervous system cancers can be introduced. These stem cells can be used to create self-assembling three-dimensional cerebral organoids that preserve key features of the developing human brain. Moreover, stem cell-engineered lines are amenable to xenotransplantation into mice as a platform to investigate the tumor cell of origin, discover cancer evolutionary trajectories and identify therapeutic vulnerabilities. In this article, we review the current state of human stem cell models of nervous system tumors, discuss their advantages and disadvantages, and provide consensus recommendations for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank B Furnari
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92037, USA
| | - Corina Anastasaki
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Shan Bian
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, 200070 Shanghai, China
| | - Howard A Fine
- Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Tomoyuki Koga
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Lu Q Le
- Department of Dermatology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Fausto J Rodriguez
- Division of Neuropathology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - David H Gutmann
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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5
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Chen R, Chen L, Wang C, Zhu H, Gu L, Li Y, Xiong X, Chen G, Jian Z. CAR-T treatment for cancer: prospects and challenges. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1288383. [PMID: 38115906 PMCID: PMC10728652 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1288383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR-T) cell therapy has been widely used in hematological malignancies and has achieved remarkable results, but its long-term efficacy in solid tumors is greatly limited by factors such as the tumor microenvironment (TME). In this paper, we discuss the latest research and future views on CAR-T cell cancer immunotherapy, compare the different characteristics of traditional immunotherapy and CAR-T cell therapy, introduce the latest progress in CAR-T cell immunotherapy, and analyze the obstacles that hinder the efficacy of CAR-T cell therapy, including immunosuppressive factors, metabolic energy deficiency, and physical barriers. We then further discuss the latest therapeutic strategies to overcome these barriers, as well as management decisions regarding the possible safety issues of CAR-T cell therapy, to facilitate solutions to the limited use of CAR-T immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chaoqun Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hua Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lijuan Gu
- Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuntao Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoxing Xiong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhihong Jian
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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6
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Pérez Del Río E, Román Alonso M, Rius I, Santos F, Castellote-Borrell M, Veciana J, Ratera I, Arribas J, Guasch J. Three-dimensional cell culture of chimeric antigen receptor T cells originated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells towards cellular therapies. Cytotherapy 2023; 25:1293-1299. [PMID: 37737764 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2023.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS With the objective of improving the ex vivo production of therapeutic chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells, we explored the addition of three-dimensional (3D) polystyrene scaffolds to standard suspension cell cultures. METHODS We aimed to mimic the structural support given by the lymph nodes during in vivo lymphocyte expansion. RESULTS We observed an increase in cell proliferation compared with standard suspension systems as well as an enhanced cytotoxicity toward cancer cells. Moreover, we directly obtained the CAR T cells from peripheral blood mononuclear cells, thus minimizing the ex vivo manipulation of the therapeutic cells and opening the way to synergies among different cell populations. CONCLUSIONS We propose the use of commercially available 3D polystyrene systems to improve the current immune cell cultures and resulting cell products for emerging cellular (immuno)therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Pérez Del Río
- Institute of Materials Science of Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Bellaterra, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Macarena Román Alonso
- Preclinical and Translational Research Program, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Rius
- Preclinical and Translational Research Program, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Fabião Santos
- Institute of Materials Science of Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Bellaterra, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Miquel Castellote-Borrell
- Institute of Materials Science of Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Bellaterra, Spain; Dynamic Biomaterials for Cancer Immunotherapy, Max Planck Partner Group (ICMAB-CSIC), Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Jaume Veciana
- Institute of Materials Science of Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Bellaterra, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Imma Ratera
- Institute of Materials Science of Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Bellaterra, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Joaquín Arribas
- Preclinical and Translational Research Program, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain; Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain.; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.
| | - Judith Guasch
- Institute of Materials Science of Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Bellaterra, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain; Dynamic Biomaterials for Cancer Immunotherapy, Max Planck Partner Group (ICMAB-CSIC), Bellaterra, Spain.
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7
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Omer MH, Shafqat A, Ahmad O, Alkattan K, Yaqinuddin A, Damlaj M. Bispecific Antibodies in Hematological Malignancies: A Scoping Review. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4550. [PMID: 37760519 PMCID: PMC10526328 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15184550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Bispecific T-cell engagers (BiTEs) and bispecific antibodies (BiAbs) have revolutionized the treatment landscape of hematological malignancies. By directing T cells towards specific tumor antigens, BiTEs and BiAbs facilitate the T-cell-mediated lysis of neoplastic cells. The success of blinatumomab, a CD19xCD3 BiTE, in acute lymphoblastic leukemia spearheaded the expansive development of BiTEs/BiAbs in the context of hematological neoplasms. Nearly a decade later, numerous BiTEs/BiAbs targeting a range of tumor-associated antigens have transpired in the treatment of multiple myeloma, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, acute myelogenous leukemia, and acute lymphoblastic leukemia. However, despite their generally favorable safety profiles, particular toxicities such as infections, cytokine release syndrome, myelosuppression, and neurotoxicity after BiAb/BiTE therapy raise valid concerns. Moreover, target antigen loss and the immunosuppressive microenvironment of hematological neoplasms facilitate resistance towards BiTEs/BiAbs. This review aims to highlight the most recent evidence from clinical trials evaluating the safety and efficacy of BiAbs/BiTEs. Additionally, the review will provide mechanistic insights into the limitations of BiAbs whilst outlining practical applications and strategies to overcome these limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed H. Omer
- School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4YS, UK
| | - Areez Shafqat
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia; (A.S.); (O.A.); (K.A.); (A.Y.)
| | - Omar Ahmad
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia; (A.S.); (O.A.); (K.A.); (A.Y.)
| | - Khaled Alkattan
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia; (A.S.); (O.A.); (K.A.); (A.Y.)
| | - Ahmed Yaqinuddin
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia; (A.S.); (O.A.); (K.A.); (A.Y.)
| | - Moussab Damlaj
- Department of Hematology & Oncology, Sheikh Shakhbout Medical City, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 11001, United Arab Emirates;
- College of Medicine, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates
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8
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Boulch M, Cazaux M, Cuffel A, Guerin MV, Garcia Z, Alonso R, Lemaître F, Beer A, Corre B, Menger L, Grandjean CL, Morin F, Thieblemont C, Caillat-Zucman S, Bousso P. Tumor-intrinsic sensitivity to the pro-apoptotic effects of IFN-γ is a major determinant of CD4 + CAR T-cell antitumor activity. NATURE CANCER 2023:10.1038/s43018-023-00570-7. [PMID: 37248395 PMCID: PMC10368531 DOI: 10.1038/s43018-023-00570-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
CD4+ T cells and CD4+ chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells display highly variable antitumor activity in preclinical models and in patients; however, the mechanisms dictating how and when CD4+ T cells promote tumor regression are incompletely understood. With the help of functional intravital imaging, we report that interferon (IFN)-γ production but not perforin-mediated cytotoxicity was the dominant mechanism for tumor elimination by anti-CD19 CD4+ CAR T cells. Mechanistically, mouse or human CD4+ CAR T-cell-derived IFN-γ diffused extensively to act on tumor cells at distance selectively killing tumors sensitive to cytokine-induced apoptosis, including antigen-negative variants. In anti-CD19 CAR T-cell-treated patients exhibiting elevated CAR CD4:CD8 ratios, strong induction of serum IFN-γ was associated with increased survival. We propose that the sensitivity of tumor cells to the pro-apoptotic activity of IFN-γ is a major determinant of CD4+ CAR T-cell efficacy and may be considered to guide the use of CD4+ T cells during immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgane Boulch
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, INSERM U1223, Dynamics of Immune Responses Unit, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Marine Cazaux
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, INSERM U1223, Dynamics of Immune Responses Unit, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Alexis Cuffel
- Université de Paris Cité, Hôpital Saint-Louis, AP-HP Nord, Laboratoire d'Immunologie, Paris, France
- INSERM UMR976, Institut de Recherche St-Louis, Paris, France
| | - Marion V Guerin
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, INSERM U1223, Dynamics of Immune Responses Unit, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Zacarias Garcia
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, INSERM U1223, Dynamics of Immune Responses Unit, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Ruby Alonso
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, INSERM U1223, Dynamics of Immune Responses Unit, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Fabrice Lemaître
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, INSERM U1223, Dynamics of Immune Responses Unit, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Alexander Beer
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, INSERM U1223, Dynamics of Immune Responses Unit, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Béatrice Corre
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, INSERM U1223, Dynamics of Immune Responses Unit, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Laurie Menger
- Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; INSERM U1015, Villejuif, France
| | - Capucine L Grandjean
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, INSERM U1223, Dynamics of Immune Responses Unit, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Florence Morin
- Université de Paris Cité, Hôpital Saint-Louis, AP-HP Nord, Laboratoire d'Immunologie, Paris, France
| | - Catherine Thieblemont
- Service d'Hémato-Oncologie, Hôpital Saint-Louis, AP-HP, Université de Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Caillat-Zucman
- Université de Paris Cité, Hôpital Saint-Louis, AP-HP Nord, Laboratoire d'Immunologie, Paris, France
- INSERM UMR976, Institut de Recherche St-Louis, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Bousso
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, INSERM U1223, Dynamics of Immune Responses Unit, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris, France.
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9
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Chen G, Zeng L, Bi B, Huang X, Qiu M, Chen P, Chen ZY, He Y, Pan Y, Chen Y, Zhao J. Engineering Bifunctional Calcium Alendronate Gene-Delivery Nanoneedle for Synergistic Chemo/Immuno-Therapy Against HER2 Positive Ovarian Cancer. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2204654. [PMID: 36932888 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202204654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecological malignancy. Most patients are diagnosed at an advanced stage with widespread peritoneal dissemination and ascites. Bispecific T-cell engagers (BiTEs) have demonstrated impressive antitumor efficacy in hematological malignancies, but the clinical potency is limited by their short half-life, inconvenient continuous intravenous infusion, and severe toxicity at relevant therapeutic levels in solid tumors. To address these critical issues, the design and engineering of alendronate calcium (CaALN) based gene-delivery system is reported to express therapeutic level of BiTE (HER2×CD3) for efficient ovarian cancer immunotherapy. Controllable construction of CaALN nanosphere and nanoneedle is achieved by the simple and green coordination reactions that the distinct nanoneedle-like alendronate calcium (CaALN-N) with a high aspect ratio enabled efficient gene delivery to the peritoneum without system in vivo toxicity. Especially, CaALN-N induced apoptosis of SKOV3-luc cell via down-regulation of HER2 signaling pathway and synergized with HER2×CD3 to generate high antitumor response. In vivo administration of CaALN-N/minicircle DNA encoding HER2×CD3 (MC-HER2×CD3) produces sustained therapeutic levels of BiTE and suppresses tumor growth in a human ovarian cancer xenograft model. Collectively, the engineered alendronate calcium nanoneedle represents a bifunctional gene delivery platform for the efficient and synergistic treatment of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guochuang Chen
- Syno Minicircle Biotechnology, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Leli Zeng
- Precision Medicine Center, Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, P. R. China
| | - Bo Bi
- Precision Medicine Center, Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, P. R. China
| | - Xiuyu Huang
- Precision Medicine Center, Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, P. R. China
| | - Miaojuan Qiu
- Precision Medicine Center, Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, P. R. China
| | - Ping Chen
- Syno Minicircle Biotechnology, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Ying Chen
- Syno Minicircle Biotechnology, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Yulong He
- Precision Medicine Center, Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, P. R. China
| | - Yihang Pan
- Precision Medicine Center, Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, P. R. China
| | - Yu Chen
- Materdicine Lab, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Precision Medicine Center, Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, P. R. China
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10
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Martín-Arana J, Gambardella V, Tarazona N, Cejalvo JM, Cervantes A. In the Literature: January 2023. ESMO Open 2023; 8:100763. [PMID: 36603523 PMCID: PMC9813712 DOI: 10.1016/j.esmoop.2022.100763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J Martín-Arana
- INCLIVA, Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Clínico Universitario, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - V Gambardella
- INCLIVA, Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Clínico Universitario, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - N Tarazona
- INCLIVA, Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Clínico Universitario, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - J-M Cejalvo
- INCLIVA, Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Clínico Universitario, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Cervantes
- INCLIVA, Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Clínico Universitario, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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11
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Kemper K, Gielen E, Boross P, Houtkamp M, Plantinga TS, de Poot SAH, Burm SM, Janmaat ML, Koopman LA, van den Brink EN, Rademaker R, Verzijl D, Engelberts PJ, Satijn D, Sasser AK, Breij ECW. Mechanistic and pharmacodynamic studies of DuoBody-CD3x5T4 in preclinical tumor models. Life Sci Alliance 2022; 5:5/11/e202201481. [PMID: 36271507 PMCID: PMC9458754 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202201481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
CD3 bispecific antibodies (bsAbs) show great promise as anticancer therapeutics. Here, we show in-depth mechanistic studies of a CD3 bsAb in solid cancer, using DuoBody-CD3x5T4. Cross-linking T cells with tumor cells expressing the oncofetal antigen 5T4 was required to induce cytotoxicity. Naive and memory CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were equally effective at mediating cytotoxicity, and DuoBody-CD3x5T4 induced partial differentiation of naive T-cell subsets into memory-like cells. Tumor cell kill was associated with T-cell activation, proliferation, and production of cytokines, granzyme B, and perforin. Genetic knockout of FAS or IFNGR1 in 5T4+ tumor cells abrogated tumor cell kill. In the presence of 5T4+ tumor cells, bystander kill of 5T4− but not of 5T4−IFNGR1− tumor cells was observed. In humanized xenograft models, DuoBody-CD3x5T4 antitumor activity was associated with intratumoral and peripheral blood T-cell activation. Lastly, in dissociated patient-derived tumor samples, DuoBody-CD3x5T4 activated tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and induced tumor-cell cytotoxicity, even when most tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes expressed PD-1. These data provide an in-depth view on the mechanism of action of a CD3 bsAb in preclinical models of solid cancer.
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12
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Long M, Mims AS, Li Z. Factors Affecting the Cancer Immunotherapeutic Efficacy of T Cell Bispecific Antibodies and Strategies for Improvement. Immunol Invest 2022; 51:2176-2214. [PMID: 36259611 DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2022.2131569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
T-cell bispecific antibodies (T-BsAbs) are a new class of cancer immunotherapy drugs that can simultaneously bind to tumor-associated antigens on target cells and to the CD3 subunit of the T-cell receptor (TCR) on T cells. In the last decade, numerous T-BsAbs have been developed for the treatment of both hematological malignancies and solid tumors. Among them, blinatumomab has been successfully used to treat CD19 positive malignancies and has been approved by the FDA as standard care for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). However, in many clinical scenarios, the efficacy of T-BsAbs remains unsatisfactory. To further improve T-BsAb therapy, it will be crucial to better understand the factors affecting treatment efficacy and the nature of the T-BsAb-induced immune response. Herein, we first review the studies on the potential mechanisms by which T-BsAbs activate T-cells and how they elicit efficient target killing despite suboptimal costimulatory support. We focus on analyzing reports from clinical trials and preclinical studies, and summarize the factors that have been identified to impact the efficacy of T-BsAbs. Lastly, we review current and propose new approaches to improve the clinical efficacy of T-BsAbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meixiao Long
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Alice S Mims
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Zihai Li
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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13
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Protocol to generate a patient derived xenograft model of acquired resistance to immunotherapy in humanized mice. STAR Protoc 2022; 3:101712. [PMID: 36317178 PMCID: PMC9617204 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2022.101712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy has revolutionized cancer treatment, but preclinical models are required to understand immunotherapy resistance mechanisms underlying patient relapse. This protocol describes how to generate an acquired resistance humanized in vivo model to immunotherapies in patient-derived xenografts (PDX). We detail steps to inject human CD34+ cells into NSG mice, followed by generation of immunoresistant PDX in humanized mice. This approach recapitulates the human immune system, allowing investigators to generate preclinical resistance models to different immunotherapies for identifying the resistant phenotype. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Martínez-Sabadell et al., 2022 and Arenas et al. (2021).
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14
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Martínez-Sabadell A, Morancho B, Rius Ruiz I, Román Alonso M, Ovejero Romero P, Escorihuela M, Chicote I, Palmer HG, Nonell L, Alemany-Chavarria M, Klein C, Bacac M, Arribas J, Arenas EJ. The target antigen determines the mechanism of acquired resistance to T cell-based therapies. Cell Rep 2022; 41:111430. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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15
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Gámez-Chiachio M, Sarrió D, Moreno-Bueno G. Novel Therapies and Strategies to Overcome Resistance to Anti-HER2-Targeted Drugs. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:4543. [PMID: 36139701 PMCID: PMC9496705 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14184543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The prognosis and quality of life of HER2 breast cancer patients have significantly improved due to the crucial clinical benefit of various anti-HER2 targeted therapies. However, HER2 tumors can possess or develop several resistance mechanisms to these treatments, thus leaving patients with a limited set of additional therapeutic options. Fortunately, to overcome this problem, in recent years, multiple different and complementary approaches have been developed (such as antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs)) that are in clinical or preclinical stages. In this review, we focus on emerging strategies other than on ADCs that are either aimed at directly target the HER2 receptor (i.e., novel tyrosine kinase inhibitors) or subsequent intracellular signaling (e.g., PI3K/AKT/mTOR, CDK4/6 inhibitors, etc.), as well as on innovative approaches designed to attack other potential tumor weaknesses (such as immunotherapy, autophagy blockade, or targeting of other genes within the HER2 amplicon). Moreover, relevant technical advances such as anti-HER2 nanotherapies and immunotoxins are also discussed. In brief, this review summarizes the impact of novel therapeutic approaches on current and future clinical management of aggressive HER2 breast tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Gámez-Chiachio
- Biochemistry Department, Medicine Faculty, Universidad Autónoma Madrid-CSIC, IdiPaz, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-Oncología (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - David Sarrió
- Biochemistry Department, Medicine Faculty, Universidad Autónoma Madrid-CSIC, IdiPaz, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-Oncología (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Gema Moreno-Bueno
- Biochemistry Department, Medicine Faculty, Universidad Autónoma Madrid-CSIC, IdiPaz, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-Oncología (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- MD Anderson International Foundation, 28033 Madrid, Spain
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16
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Lou H, Cao X. Antibody variable region engineering for improving cancer immunotherapy. Cancer Commun (Lond) 2022; 42:804-827. [PMID: 35822503 PMCID: PMC9456695 DOI: 10.1002/cac2.12330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The efficacy and specificity of conventional monoclonal antibody (mAb) drugs in the clinic require further improvement. Currently, the development and application of novel antibody formats for improving cancer immunotherapy have attracted much attention. Variable region-retaining antibody fragments, such as antigen-binding fragment (Fab), single-chain variable fragment (scFv), bispecific antibody, and bi/trispecific cell engagers, are engineered with humanization, multivalent antibody construction, affinity optimization and antibody masking for targeting tumor cells and killer cells to improve antibody-based therapy potency, efficacy and specificity. In this review, we summarize the application of antibody variable region engineering and discuss the future direction of antibody engineering for improving cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hantao Lou
- Ludwig Institute of Cancer ResearchUniversity of OxfordOxfordOX3 7DRUK
- Chinese Academy for Medical Sciences Oxford InstituteNuffield Department of MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxfordOX3 7FZUK
| | - Xuetao Cao
- Chinese Academy for Medical Sciences Oxford InstituteNuffield Department of MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxfordOX3 7FZUK
- Department of ImmunologyCentre for Immunotherapy, Institute of Basic Medical SciencesChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijing100005P. R. China
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17
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Understanding CAR T cell-tumor interactions: Paving the way for successful clinical outcomes. MED 2022; 3:538-564. [PMID: 35963235 DOI: 10.1016/j.medj.2022.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Abstract
Since their approval 5 years ago, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells have gained great importance in the daily clinical practice and treatment of hematological malignancies, although many challenges to their use remain, such as limited long-term CAR T cell efficacy due to disease resistance or recurrence. After a brief overview of CAR T cells, their approval, therapeutic successes, and ongoing limitations, this review discusses what is known about CAR T cell activation, their expansion and persistence, their mechanisms of cytotoxicity, and how the CAR design and/or tumor-intrinsic factors influence these functions. This review also examines the role of cytokines in CAR T cell-associated toxicity and their effects on CAR T cell function. Furthermore, we discuss several resistance mechanisms, including obstacles associated with CAR treatment of solid tumors. Finally, we provide a future outlook on next-generation strategies to further optimize CARs and improve clinical outcomes.
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18
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Holstein SA, Asimakopoulos F, Azab AK, Bianchi G, Bhutani M, Crews LA, Cupedo T, Giles H, Gooding S, Hillengass J, John L, Kaiser S, Lee L, Maclachlan K, Pasquini MC, Pichiorri F, Shah N, Shokeen M, Shy BR, Smith EL, Verona R, Usmani SZ, McCarthy PL. Proceedings from the Blood and Marrow Transplant Clinical Trials Network Myeloma Intergroup Workshop on Immune and Cellular Therapy in Multiple Myeloma. Transplant Cell Ther 2022; 28:446-454. [PMID: 35605882 PMCID: PMC9357156 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtct.2022.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The Blood and Marrow Transplant Clinical Trials Network (BMT CTN) Myeloma Intergroup conducted a workshop on Immune and Cellular Therapy in Multiple Myeloma on January 7, 2022. This workshop included presentations by basic, translational, and clinical researchers with expertise in plasma cell dyscrasias. Four main topics were discussed: platforms for myeloma disease evaluation, insights into pathophysiology, therapeutic target and resistance mechanisms, and cellular therapy for multiple myeloma. Here we provide a comprehensive summary of these workshop presentations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fotis Asimakopoulos
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | | | - Giada Bianchi
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Leslie A Crews
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Tom Cupedo
- ErasmusMC Cancer Institute Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hannah Giles
- University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Gooding
- MRC Molecular Hematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Lukas John
- University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Lydia Lee
- University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Flavia Pichiorri
- Judy and Bernard Briskin Center for Multiple Myeloma Research, Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope, Duarte, California; Department of Hematologic Malignancies Translational Science, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Nina Shah
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Monica Shokeen
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Brian R Shy
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Eric L Smith
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Raluca Verona
- Janssen Research & Development, Spring House, Pennsylvania
| | - Saad Z Usmani
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
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19
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Hogg SJ, Motorna O, Kearney CJ, Derrick EB, House IG, Todorovski I, Kelly MJ, Zethoven M, Bromberg KD, Lai A, Beavis PA, Shortt J, Johnstone RW, Vervoort SJ. Distinct modulation of IFNγ-induced transcription by BET bromodomain and catalytic P300/CBP inhibition in breast cancer. Clin Epigenetics 2022; 14:96. [PMID: 35902886 PMCID: PMC9336046 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-022-01316-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Interferon gamma (IFNγ) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that directly activates the JAK/STAT pathway. However, the temporal dynamics of chromatin remodeling and transcriptional activation initiated by IFNγ have not been systematically profiled in an unbiased manner. Herein, we integrated transcriptomic and epigenomic profiling to characterize the acute epigenetic changes induced by IFNγ stimulation in a murine breast cancer model. Results We identified de novo activation of cis-regulatory elements bound by Irf1 that were characterized by increased chromatin accessibility, differential usage of pro-inflammatory enhancers, and downstream recruitment of BET proteins and RNA polymerase II. To functionally validate this hierarchical model of IFNγ-driven transcription, we applied selective antagonists of histone acetyltransferases P300/CBP or acetyl-lysine readers of the BET family. This highlighted that histone acetylation is an antecedent event in IFNγ-driven transcription, whereby targeting of P300/CBP acetyltransferase activity but not BET inhibition could curtail the epigenetic remodeling induced by IFNγ through suppression of Irf1 transactivation. Conclusions These data highlight the ability for epigenetic therapies to reprogram pro-inflammatory gene expression, which may have therapeutic implications for anti-tumor immunity and inflammatory diseases. Graphical Abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13148-022-01316-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon J Hogg
- Gene Regulation Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Center, 305 Grattan Street, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Oncology Discovery, AbbVie, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Olga Motorna
- Gene Regulation Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Center, 305 Grattan Street, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Monash Haematology, Monash Health, Clayton, Australia
| | - Conor J Kearney
- Gene Regulation Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Center, 305 Grattan Street, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Emily B Derrick
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Center, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Imran G House
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Center, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Izabela Todorovski
- Gene Regulation Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Center, 305 Grattan Street, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Madison J Kelly
- Gene Regulation Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Center, 305 Grattan Street, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Magnus Zethoven
- Gene Regulation Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Center, 305 Grattan Street, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Albert Lai
- Oncology Discovery, AbbVie, North Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Paul A Beavis
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Center, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jake Shortt
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Monash Haematology, Monash Health, Clayton, Australia.,School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Ricky W Johnstone
- Gene Regulation Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Center, 305 Grattan Street, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia. .,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Stephin J Vervoort
- Gene Regulation Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Center, 305 Grattan Street, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia. .,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia. .,The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.
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20
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Adam-Artigues A, Arenas EJ, Martínez-Sabadell A, Brasó-Maristany F, Cervera R, Tormo E, Hernando C, Martínez MT, Carbonell-Asins J, Simón S, Poveda J, Moragón S, Zazo S, Martínez D, Rovira A, Burgués O, Rojo F, Albanell J, Bermejo B, Lluch A, Prat A, Arribas J, Eroles P, Cejalvo JM. Targeting HER2-AXL heterodimerization to overcome resistance to HER2 blockade in breast cancer. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabk2746. [PMID: 35594351 PMCID: PMC9122332 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abk2746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Anti-HER2 therapies have markedly improved prognosis of HER2-positive breast cancer. However, different mechanisms play a role in treatment resistance. Here, we identified AXL overexpression as an essential mechanism of trastuzumab resistance. AXL orchestrates epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and heterodimerizes with HER2, leading to activation of PI3K/AKT and MAPK pathways in a ligand-independent manner. Genetic depletion and pharmacological inhibition of AXL restored trastuzumab response in vitro and in vivo. AXL inhibitor plus trastuzumab achieved complete regression in trastuzumab-resistant patient-derived xenograft models. Moreover, AXL expression in HER2-positive primary tumors was able to predict prognosis. Data from the PAMELA trial showed a change in AXL expression during neoadjuvant dual HER2 blockade, supporting its role in resistance. Therefore, our study highlights the importance of targeting AXL in combination with anti-HER2 drugs across HER2-amplified breast cancer patients with high AXL expression. Furthermore, it unveils the potential value of AXL as a druggable prognostic biomarker in HER2-positive breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Enrique J. Arenas
- Preclinical Research Program, Vall d’Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona 08035, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Cancer (CIBERONC), Madrid 28019, Spain
| | - Alex Martínez-Sabadell
- Preclinical Research Program, Vall d’Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona 08035, Spain
| | - Fara Brasó-Maristany
- August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona 08036, Spain
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona 08036, Spain
| | | | - Eduardo Tormo
- INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, Valencia 46010, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Cancer (CIBERONC), Madrid 28019, Spain
| | - Cristina Hernando
- INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, Valencia 46010, Spain
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Clínico Universitario de València, Valencia 46010, Spain
| | - María Teresa Martínez
- INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, Valencia 46010, Spain
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Clínico Universitario de València, Valencia 46010, Spain
| | | | - Soraya Simón
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Clínico Universitario de València, Valencia 46010, Spain
| | - Jesús Poveda
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Clínico Universitario de València, Valencia 46010, Spain
| | - Santiago Moragón
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Clínico Universitario de València, Valencia 46010, Spain
| | - Sandra Zazo
- Department of Pathology, IIS Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Débora Martínez
- August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona 08036, Spain
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona 08036, Spain
| | - Ana Rovira
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Cancer (CIBERONC), Madrid 28019, Spain
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona 08003, Spain
- Cancer Research Program, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona 08003, Spain
| | - Octavio Burgués
- INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, Valencia 46010, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Cancer (CIBERONC), Madrid 28019, Spain
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Clínico Universitario de València, Valencia 46010, Spain
| | - Federico Rojo
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Cancer (CIBERONC), Madrid 28019, Spain
- Department of Pathology, IIS Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Joan Albanell
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Cancer (CIBERONC), Madrid 28019, Spain
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona 08003, Spain
- Cancer Research Program, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona 08003, Spain
- Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), Barcelona 08002, Spain
| | - Begoña Bermejo
- INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, Valencia 46010, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Cancer (CIBERONC), Madrid 28019, Spain
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Clínico Universitario de València, Valencia 46010, Spain
| | - Ana Lluch
- INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, Valencia 46010, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Cancer (CIBERONC), Madrid 28019, Spain
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Clínico Universitario de València, Valencia 46010, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia 46010, Spain
| | - Aleix Prat
- August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona 08036, Spain
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona 08036, Spain
- SOLTI Breast Cancer Research Group, Barcelona 08008, Spain
| | - Joaquín Arribas
- Preclinical Research Program, Vall d’Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona 08035, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Cancer (CIBERONC), Madrid 28019, Spain
- Cancer Research Program, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona 08003, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona 08193, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona 08010, Spain
| | - Pilar Eroles
- INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, Valencia 46010, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Cancer (CIBERONC), Madrid 28019, Spain
- Department of Physiology, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia 46010, Spain
| | - Juan Miguel Cejalvo
- INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, Valencia 46010, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Cancer (CIBERONC), Madrid 28019, Spain
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Clínico Universitario de València, Valencia 46010, Spain
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21
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Larson RC, Kann MC, Bailey SR, Haradhvala NJ, Llopis PM, Bouffard AA, Scarfó I, Leick MB, Grauwet K, Berger TR, Stewart K, Anekal PV, Jan M, Joung J, Schmidts A, Ouspenskaia T, Law T, Regev A, Getz G, Maus MV. CAR T cell killing requires the IFNγR pathway in solid but not liquid tumours. Nature 2022; 604:563-570. [PMID: 35418687 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04585-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 75.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) therapy has had a transformative effect on the treatment of haematologic malignancies1-6, but it has shown limited efficacy against solid tumours. Solid tumours may have cell-intrinsic resistance mechanisms to CAR T cell cytotoxicity. Here, to systematically identify potential resistance pathways in an unbiased manner, we conducted a genome-wide CRISPR knockout screen in glioblastoma, a disease in which CAR T cells have had limited efficacy7,8. We found that the loss of genes in the interferon-γ receptor (IFNγR) signalling pathway (IFNGR1, JAK1 or JAK2) rendered glioblastoma and other solid tumours more resistant to killing by CAR T cells both in vitro and in vivo. However, loss of this pathway did not render leukaemia or lymphoma cell lines insensitive to CAR T cells. Using transcriptional profiling, we determined that glioblastoma cells lacking IFNγR1 had lower upregulation of cell-adhesion pathways after exposure to CAR T cells. We found that loss of IFNγR1 in glioblastoma cells reduced overall CAR T cell binding duration and avidity. The critical role of IFNγR signalling in susceptibility of solid tumours to CAR T cells is surprising, given that CAR T cells do not require traditional antigen-presentation pathways. Instead, in glioblastoma tumours, IFNγR signalling was required for sufficient adhesion of CAR T cells to mediate productive cytotoxicity. Our work demonstrates that liquid and solid tumours differ in their interactions with CAR T cells and suggests that enhancing binding interactions between T cells and tumour cells may yield improved responses in solid tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca C Larson
- Cellular Immunotherapy Program, Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Michael C Kann
- Cellular Immunotherapy Program, Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stefanie R Bailey
- Cellular Immunotherapy Program, Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nicholas J Haradhvala
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Harvard Graduate Program in Biophysics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Amanda A Bouffard
- Cellular Immunotherapy Program, Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Irene Scarfó
- Cellular Immunotherapy Program, Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mark B Leick
- Cellular Immunotherapy Program, Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Korneel Grauwet
- Cellular Immunotherapy Program, Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Trisha R Berger
- Cellular Immunotherapy Program, Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kai Stewart
- Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Max Jan
- Cellular Immunotherapy Program, Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Julia Joung
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Brain and Cognitive Science, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Biological Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.,McGovern Institute for Brain Research at MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Andrea Schmidts
- Cellular Immunotherapy Program, Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Travis Law
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Aviv Regev
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Biology and Koch Institute of Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Gad Getz
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marcela V Maus
- Cellular Immunotherapy Program, Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA. .,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. .,Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA. .,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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22
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Escure G, Manier S. [Bispecific antibodies in multiple myeloma]. Bull Cancer 2021; 108:S205-S212. [PMID: 34920804 DOI: 10.1016/j.bulcan.2021.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Immunotherapies have recently emerged as potential game changers in the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM). Those include monoclonal antibodies (targeting CD38 or CS1), bispecific antibodies (BsAb, mainly targeting BCMA, GPRC5D or FcRH5), antibody-drug conjugate (mainly targeting BCMA) and CAR-T cells (mainly targeting BCMA). BsAb have the capacity to bind two different antigens, one at the tumor cell surface and one on T cells (CD3), recreating the immune synapse. In this article, we discuss the main clinical data on BsAb in MM, as well as their different constructs and the potential mechanism of resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Escure
- CHU Lille, hôpital Huriez, service d'hématologie, 59000 Lille, France; Université de Lille, Unité CANTHER, Inserm UMR-S1277 & CNRS UMR9020, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Salomon Manier
- CHU Lille, hôpital Huriez, service d'hématologie, 59000 Lille, France; Université de Lille, Unité CANTHER, Inserm UMR-S1277 & CNRS UMR9020, 59000 Lille, France.
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23
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Lemoine J, Ruella M, Houot R. Overcoming Intrinsic Resistance of Cancer Cells to CAR T-Cell Killing. Clin Cancer Res 2021; 27:6298-6306. [PMID: 34253582 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-21-1559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
In the past few years, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy has emerged as a promising treatment for cancers that failed standard treatments. Such therapies have already been approved in several blood cancers, such as B-cell leukemia and lymphoma. Despite this progress, a significant proportion of patients experience primary or secondary resistance to CAR T-cell therapy. Here, we review the mechanisms by which CAR T cells eliminate their target and how cancer cells may be insensitive to such killing (here referred to as intrinsic resistance). Recent studies suggest that the activation of apoptosis through death receptor signaling is responsible for a major part of CAR T-cell cytotoxicity in vivo Indeed, cancer cells harboring aberrant apoptotic machinery may be insensitive to CAR T-cell killing. This intrinsic resistance of cancer cells to CAR T-cell killing could be responsible for a significant portion of treatment failure. Finally, we discuss strategies that may be envisioned to overcome such resistance to enhance CAR T-cell efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Lemoine
- AP-HP, Department of Hematology, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Marco Ruella
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies and Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Roch Houot
- Department of Hematology, CHU de Rennes, Université de Rennes, INSERM U1236, Rennes, France.
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24
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Martínez-Sabadell A, Arenas EJ, Arribas J. IFNγ Signaling in Natural and Therapy-Induced Antitumor Responses. Clin Cancer Res 2021; 28:1243-1249. [PMID: 34785585 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-21-3226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
IFNγ is a cytokine produced by a restricted number of immune cells that acts on every nucleated cell type. Consistent with this remarkably wide spectrum of targets, the effects of IFNγ are highly pleiotropic. On cells of the immune system, IFNγ signaling has generally a pro-inflammatory effect, coordinating the innate and adaptive responses. On nonimmune cells, IFNγ tends to exert the opposite effect; it inhibits cell proliferation, induces cell death, and, in addition, promotes their recognition by the immune system. These effects on the immune and nonimmune compartments play a crucial role during the immunoediting of tumors and, as shown by recent reports, also determine the efficacy of certain immunotherapies. Different therapeutic interventions to target IFNγ signaling are currently under way, and the emerging picture indicates that rewiring IFNγ signaling, disrupted in some cancer cells, may be an efficacious antitumor therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Martínez-Sabadell
- Preclinical and Translational Research Program, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Enrique J Arenas
- Preclinical and Translational Research Program, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Monforte de Lemos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Joaquín Arribas
- Preclinical and Translational Research Program, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain. .,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Monforte de Lemos, Madrid, Spain.,Cancer Research Program, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.,Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
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25
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Mucci A, Antonarelli G, Caserta C, Vittoria FM, Desantis G, Pagani R, Greco B, Casucci M, Escobar G, Passerini L, Lachmann N, Sanvito F, Barcella M, Merelli I, Naldini L, Gentner B. Myeloid cell-based delivery of IFN-γ reprograms the leukemia microenvironment and induces anti-tumoral immune responses. EMBO Mol Med 2021; 13:e13598. [PMID: 34459560 PMCID: PMC8495462 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202013598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The immunosuppressive microenvironment surrounding tumor cells represents a key cause of treatment failure. Therefore, immunotherapies aimed at reprogramming the immune system have largely spread in the past years. We employed gene transfer into hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells to selectively express anti-tumoral cytokines in tumor-infiltrating monocytes/macrophages. We show that interferon-γ (IFN-γ) reduced tumor progression in mouse models of B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) and colorectal carcinoma (MC38). Its activity depended on the immune system's capacity to respond to IFN-γ and drove the counter-selection of leukemia cells expressing surrogate antigens. Gene-based IFN-γ delivery induced antigen presentation in the myeloid compartment and on leukemia cells, leading to a wave of T cell recruitment and activation, with enhanced clonal expansion of cytotoxic CD8+ T lymphocytes. The activity of IFN-γ was further enhanced by either co-delivery of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) or by drugs blocking immunosuppressive escape pathways, with the potential to obtain durable responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adele Mucci
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR‐TIGET)IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific InstituteMilanItaly
| | - Gabriele Antonarelli
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR‐TIGET)IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific InstituteMilanItaly
- Vita‐Salute San Raffaele UniversityMilanItaly
| | - Carolina Caserta
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR‐TIGET)IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific InstituteMilanItaly
| | - Francesco Maria Vittoria
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR‐TIGET)IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific InstituteMilanItaly
- Vita‐Salute San Raffaele UniversityMilanItaly
| | - Giacomo Desantis
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR‐TIGET)IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific InstituteMilanItaly
| | - Riccardo Pagani
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR‐TIGET)IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific InstituteMilanItaly
- Vita‐Salute San Raffaele UniversityMilanItaly
| | - Beatrice Greco
- Innovative Immunotherapies UnitDivision of Immunology, Transplantation, and Infectious DiseasesIRCCS San Raffaele Scientific InstituteMilanItaly
| | - Monica Casucci
- Innovative Immunotherapies UnitDivision of Immunology, Transplantation, and Infectious DiseasesIRCCS San Raffaele Scientific InstituteMilanItaly
| | - Giulia Escobar
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR‐TIGET)IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific InstituteMilanItaly
| | - Laura Passerini
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR‐TIGET)IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific InstituteMilanItaly
| | - Nico Lachmann
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology and NeonatologyHannover Medical SchoolHannoverGermany
| | | | - Matteo Barcella
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR‐TIGET)IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific InstituteMilanItaly
- National Research CouncilInstitute for Biomedical TechnologiesSegrateItaly
| | - Ivan Merelli
- National Research CouncilInstitute for Biomedical TechnologiesSegrateItaly
| | - Luigi Naldini
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR‐TIGET)IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific InstituteMilanItaly
- Vita‐Salute San Raffaele UniversityMilanItaly
| | - Bernhard Gentner
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR‐TIGET)IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific InstituteMilanItaly
- Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation UnitIRCCS San Raffaele HospitalMilanItaly
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26
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Gu YM, Zhuo Y, Chen LQ, Yuan Y. The Clinical Application of Neoantigens in Esophageal Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:703517. [PMID: 34386424 PMCID: PMC8353328 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.703517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Esophageal cancer (EC) is a common malignant tumor with poor prognosis, and current treatments for patients with advanced EC remain unsatisfactory. Recently, immunotherapy has been recognized as a new and promising approach for various tumors. EC cells present a high tumor mutation burden and harbor abundant tumor antigens, including tumor-associated antigens and tumor-specific antigens. The latter, also referred to as neoantigens, are immunogenic mutated peptides presented by major histocompatibility complex class I molecules. While current genomics and bioinformatics technologies have greatly facilitated the identification of tumor neoantigens, identifying individual neoantigens systematically for successful therapies remains a challenging problem. Owing to the initiation of strong, specific tumor-killing cytotoxic T cell responses, neoantigens are emerging as promising targets to develop personalized treatment and have triggered the development of cancer vaccines, adoptive T cell therapies, and combination therapies. This review aims to give a current understanding of the clinical application of neoantigens in EC and provide direction for future investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Min Gu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yue Zhuo
- West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Long-Qi Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yong Yuan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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27
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Surowka M, Schaefer W, Klein C. Ten years in the making: application of CrossMab technology for the development of therapeutic bispecific antibodies and antibody fusion proteins. MAbs 2021; 13:1967714. [PMID: 34491877 PMCID: PMC8425689 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2021.1967714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Bispecific antibodies have recently attracted intense interest. CrossMab technology was described in 2011 as novel approach enabling correct antibody light-chain association with their respective heavy chain in bispecific antibodies, together with methods enabling correct heavy-chain association using existing pairs of antibodies. Since the original description, CrossMab technology has evolved in the past decade into one of the most mature, versatile, and broadly applied technologies in the field, and nearly 20 bispecific antibodies based on CrossMab technology developed by Roche and others have entered clinical trials. The most advanced of these are the Ang-2/VEGF bispecific antibody faricimab, currently undergoing regulatory review, and the CD20/CD3 T cell bispecific antibody glofitamab, currently in pivotal Phase 3 trials. In this review, we introduce the principles of CrossMab technology, including its application for the generation of bi-/multispecific antibodies with different geometries and mechanisms of action, and provide an overview of CrossMab-based therapeutics in clinical trials.
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