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Swan J, Szabó Z, Peters J, Kummu O, Kemppi A, Rahtu-Korpela L, Konzack A, Hakkola J, Pasternack A, Ritvos O, Kerkelä R, Magga J. Inhibition of activin receptor 2 signalling ameliorates metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease in western diet/L-NAME induced cardiometabolic disease. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 175:116683. [PMID: 38705130 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Blockade of activin 2 receptor (ACVR2) signaling has been shown to improve insulin sensitivity and aid in weight loss. Inhibition of ACVR2 signaling restores cardiac function in multiple heart failure models. However, its potential in the treatment of obesity-related cardiometabolic disease remains unknown. Here, we investigated targeting ACVR2 signaling in cardiometabolic disease manifested with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). METHODS Mice were fed a high-fat, high-sugar diet combined with the administration of nitric oxide synthase inhibitor L-NAME in drinking water, which causes hypertensive stress. For the last eight weeks, the mice were treated with the soluble ACVR2B decoy receptor (sACVR2B-Fc). RESULTS sACVR2B-Fc protected against the development of comorbidities associated with cardiometabolic disease. This was most pronounced in the liver where ACVR2 blockade attenuated the development of MASLD including cessation of pro-fibrotic activation. It also significantly reduced total plasma cholesterol levels, impeded brown adipose tissue whitening, and improved cardiac diastolic function. In vitro, ACVR2 ligands activin A, activin B and GDF11 induced profibrotic signaling and the proliferation of human cardiac fibroblasts. CONCLUSIONS Blockade of ACVR2B exerts broad beneficial effects for therapy of cardiometabolic disease. By reducing obesity, ameliorating cardiovascular deterioration and restraining MASLD, blockade of ACVR2B signaling proves a potential target in MASLD and its comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Swan
- Research Unit of Biomedicine and Internal Medicine, University of Oulu, Aapistie 5, Oulu 90220, Finland; Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Aapistie 5, Oulu 90220, Finland.
| | - Zoltán Szabó
- Research Unit of Biomedicine and Internal Medicine, University of Oulu, Aapistie 5, Oulu 90220, Finland
| | - Juliana Peters
- Research Unit of Biomedicine and Internal Medicine, University of Oulu, Aapistie 5, Oulu 90220, Finland
| | - Outi Kummu
- Research Unit of Biomedicine and Internal Medicine, University of Oulu, Aapistie 5, Oulu 90220, Finland; Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Aapistie 5, Oulu 90220, Finland; Medical Research Centre Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Aapistie 5, Oulu 90220, Finland
| | - Anna Kemppi
- Research Unit of Biomedicine and Internal Medicine, University of Oulu, Aapistie 5, Oulu 90220, Finland
| | - Lea Rahtu-Korpela
- Research Unit of Biomedicine and Internal Medicine, University of Oulu, Aapistie 5, Oulu 90220, Finland
| | - Anja Konzack
- Research Unit of Biomedicine and Internal Medicine, University of Oulu, Aapistie 5, Oulu 90220, Finland; Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Aapistie 5, Oulu 90220, Finland; Medical Research Centre Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Aapistie 5, Oulu 90220, Finland
| | - Jukka Hakkola
- Research Unit of Biomedicine and Internal Medicine, University of Oulu, Aapistie 5, Oulu 90220, Finland; Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Aapistie 5, Oulu 90220, Finland; Medical Research Centre Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Aapistie 5, Oulu 90220, Finland
| | - Arja Pasternack
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Olli Ritvos
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Risto Kerkelä
- Research Unit of Biomedicine and Internal Medicine, University of Oulu, Aapistie 5, Oulu 90220, Finland; Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Aapistie 5, Oulu 90220, Finland; Medical Research Centre Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Aapistie 5, Oulu 90220, Finland
| | - Johanna Magga
- Research Unit of Biomedicine and Internal Medicine, University of Oulu, Aapistie 5, Oulu 90220, Finland; Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Aapistie 5, Oulu 90220, Finland.
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Svensson T, Svensson AK, Kitlinski M, Engström G, Nilsson J, Orho-Melander M, Nilsson PM, Melander O. Very short sleep duration reveals a proteomic fingerprint that is selectively associated with incident diabetes mellitus but not with incident coronary heart disease: a cohort study. BMC Med 2024; 22:173. [PMID: 38649900 PMCID: PMC11035142 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-024-03392-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The molecular pathways linking short and long sleep duration with incident diabetes mellitus (iDM) and incident coronary heart disease (iCHD) are not known. We aimed to identify circulating protein patterns associated with sleep duration and test their impact on incident cardiometabolic disease. METHODS We assessed sleep duration and measured 78 plasma proteins among 3336 participants aged 46-68 years, free from DM and CHD at baseline, and identified cases of iDM and iCHD using national registers. Incident events occurring in the first 3 years of follow-up were excluded from analyses. Tenfold cross-fit partialing-out lasso logistic regression adjusted for age and sex was used to identify proteins that significantly predicted sleep duration quintiles when compared with the referent quintile 3 (Q3). Predictive proteins were weighted and combined into proteomic scores (PS) for sleep duration Q1, Q2, Q4, and Q5. Combinations of PS were included in a linear regression model to identify the best predictors of habitual sleep duration. Cox proportional hazards regression models with sleep duration quintiles and sleep-predictive PS as the main exposures were related to iDM and iCHD after adjustment for known covariates. RESULTS Sixteen unique proteomic markers, predominantly reflecting inflammation and apoptosis, predicted sleep duration quintiles. The combination of PSQ1 and PSQ5 best predicted sleep duration. Mean follow-up times for iDM (n = 522) and iCHD (n = 411) were 21.8 and 22.4 years, respectively. Compared with sleep duration Q3, all sleep duration quintiles were positively and significantly associated with iDM. Only sleep duration Q1 was positively and significantly associated with iCHD. Inclusion of PSQ1 and PSQ5 abrogated the association between sleep duration Q1 and iDM. Moreover, PSQ1 was significantly associated with iDM (HR = 1.27, 95% CI: 1.06-1.53). PSQ1 and PSQ5 were not associated with iCHD and did not markedly attenuate the association between sleep duration Q1 with iCHD. CONCLUSIONS We here identify plasma proteomic fingerprints of sleep duration and suggest that PSQ1 could explain the association between very short sleep duration and incident DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Svensson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, CRC, Jan Waldenströms Gata 35, 20502, Malmö, Sweden.
- Precision Health, Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, the University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan.
- Graduate School of Health Innovation, Kanagawa University of Human Services, Kawasaki-Ku, Kawasaki-Shi, Kanagawa, Japan.
| | - Akiko Kishi Svensson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, CRC, Jan Waldenströms Gata 35, 20502, Malmö, Sweden
- Precision Health, Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, the University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, the University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | | | - Gunnar Engström
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, CRC, Jan Waldenströms Gata 35, 20502, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Jan Nilsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, CRC, Jan Waldenströms Gata 35, 20502, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Marju Orho-Melander
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, CRC, Jan Waldenströms Gata 35, 20502, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Peter M Nilsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, CRC, Jan Waldenströms Gata 35, 20502, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Olle Melander
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, CRC, Jan Waldenströms Gata 35, 20502, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Internal Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
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Chang R, Xiang S, Jin Y, Xu X, Qian S, Chen L, Hu C, Shi Y, Ding X. Hormone and reproductive factors and risk of systemic lupus erythematosus: a Mendelian randomized study. Immunol Res 2024:10.1007/s12026-024-09470-z. [PMID: 38581614 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-024-09470-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune and inflammatory disease with a risk associated with hormonal and reproductive factors. However, the potential causal effects between these factors and SLE remain unclear. A two-sample Mendelian randomization study was conducted using the published summary data from the genome-wide association study database. Five independent genetic variants associated with hormonal and reproductive factors were selected as instrumental variables: age at menarche, age at natural menopause, estradiol, testosterone, and follistatin. To estimate the causal relationship between these exposure factors and disease outcome, we employed the inverse-variance weighted, weighted median, and MR-Egger methods. In addition, we carried out multiple sensitivity analyses to validate model assumptions. Inverse variance weighted showed that there was a causal association between circulating follistatin and SLE risk (OR = 1.38, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.86, P = 0.033). However, no evidence was found that correlation between AAM (OR = 1.04, 95% CI 0.77 to 1.40, P = 0.798), ANM (OR = 0.99, 95% CI 0.92 to 1.06, P = 0.721), E2 (OR = 1.40, 95% CI 0.14 to 13.56, P = 0.772), T (OR = 1.25, 95% CI 0.70 to 2.28, P = 0.459), and SLE risk. Our study revealed that elevated circulating follistatin associates with an increased risk of SLE. This finding suggests that the regulatory signals mediated by circulating follistatin may provide a potential mechanism relevant to the treatment of SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runyu Chang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Rheumatology of Zhejiang Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Shate Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Rheumatology of Zhejiang Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Yibo Jin
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Rheumatology of Zhejiang Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Xiaofen Xu
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Rheumatology of Zhejiang Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Suhai Qian
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Rheumatology of Zhejiang Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Lingfeng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Rheumatology of Zhejiang Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Chao Hu
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Rheumatology of Zhejiang Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Yufeng Shi
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
| | - Xinghong Ding
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Rheumatology of Zhejiang Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
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de Albuquerque ALA, Chadanowicz JK, Giudicelli GC, Staub ALP, Weber AC, Silva JMDS, Becker MM, Kowalski TW, Siebert M, Saute JAM. Serum myostatin as a candidate disease severity and progression biomarker of spinal muscular atrophy. Brain Commun 2024; 6:fcae062. [PMID: 38487549 PMCID: PMC10939446 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcae062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The identification of biomarkers for spinal muscular atrophy is crucial for predicting disease progression, severity, and response to new disease-modifying therapies. This study aimed to investigate the role of serum levels of myostatin and follistatin as biomarkers for spinal muscular atrophy, considering muscle atrophy secondary to denervation as the main clinical manifestation of the disease. The study evaluated the differential gene expression of myostatin and follistatin in a lesional model of gastrocnemius denervation in mice, as well as in a meta-analysis of three datasets in transgenic mice models of spinal muscular atrophy, and in two studies involving humans with spinal muscular atrophy. Subsequently, a case-control study involving 27 spinal muscular atrophy patients and 27 controls was conducted, followed by a 12-month cohort study with 25 spinal muscular atrophy cases. Serum levels of myostatin and follistatin were analysed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay at a single centre in southern Brazil. Skeletal muscle gene expression of myostatin decreased and of follistatin increased following lesional muscle denervation in mice, consistent with findings in the spinal muscular atrophy transgenic mice meta-analysis and in the iliopsoas muscle of five patients with spinal muscular atrophy type 1. Median serum myostatin levels were significantly lower in spinal muscular atrophy patients (98 pg/mL; 5-157) compared to controls (412 pg/mL; 299-730) (P < 0.001). Lower myostatin levels were associated with greater disease severity based on clinician-rated outcomes (Rho = 0.493-0.812; P < 0.05). After 12 months, there was a further reduction in myostatin levels among spinal muscular atrophy cases (P = 0.021). Follistatin levels did not differ between cases and controls, and no significant changes were observed over time. The follistatin:myostatin ratio was significantly increased in spinal muscular atrophy subjects and inversely correlated with motor severity. Serum myostatin levels show promise as a novel biomarker for evaluating the severity and progression of spinal muscular atrophy. The decrease in myostatin levels and the subsequent favourable environment for muscle growth may be attributed to denervation caused by motor neuron dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Letícia Amorim de Albuquerque
- Graduate Program in Medicine, Medical Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90035-003, Brazil
- Clinical Neurogenetics research group, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre 90035-007, Brazil
| | - Júlia Kersting Chadanowicz
- Clinical Neurogenetics research group, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre 90035-007, Brazil
| | - Giovanna Câmara Giudicelli
- Bioinformatics core, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre 90035-007, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 91501-970, Brazil
| | - Ana Lucia Portella Staub
- Clinical Neurogenetics research group, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre 90035-007, Brazil
| | - Arthur Carpeggiani Weber
- Clinical Neurogenetics research group, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre 90035-007, Brazil
| | | | | | - Thayne Woycinck Kowalski
- Bioinformatics core, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre 90035-007, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 91501-970, Brazil
- Medical Genetics Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre 90035-007, Brazil
| | - Marina Siebert
- Unit of Laboratorial Research, Experimental Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre 90035-007, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Jonas Alex Morales Saute
- Graduate Program in Medicine, Medical Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90035-003, Brazil
- Clinical Neurogenetics research group, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre 90035-007, Brazil
- Medical Genetics Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre 90035-007, Brazil
- Department of Internal Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90035-003, Brazil
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Sosa J, Oyelakin A, Sinha S. The Reign of Follistatin in Tumors and Their Microenvironment: Implications for Drug Resistance. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:130. [PMID: 38392348 PMCID: PMC10887188 DOI: 10.3390/biology13020130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Follistatin (FST) is a potent neutralizer of the transforming growth factor-β superfamily and is associated with normal cellular programs and various hallmarks of cancer, such as proliferation, migration, angiogenesis, and immune evasion. The aberrant expression of FST by solid tumors is a well-documented observation, yet how FST influences tumor progression and therapy response remains unclear. The recent surge in omics data has revealed new insights into the molecular foundation underpinning tumor heterogeneity and its microenvironment, offering novel precision medicine-based opportunities to combat cancer. In this review, we discuss these recent FST-centric studies, thereby offering an updated perspective on the protean role of FST isoforms in shaping the complex cellular ecosystem of tumors and in mediating drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Sosa
- Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Akinsola Oyelakin
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
- Ben Towne Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Satrajit Sinha
- Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
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Rentflejsz J, Wojszel ZB. Diabetes Mellitus Should Be Considered While Analysing Sarcopenia-Related Biomarkers. J Clin Med 2024; 13:1107. [PMID: 38398421 PMCID: PMC10889814 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13041107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is a chronic, progressive skeletal muscle disease characterised by low muscle strength and quantity or quality, leading to low physical performance. Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are more at risk of sarcopenia than euglycemic individuals. Because of several shared pathways between the two diseases, sarcopenia is also a risk factor for developing T2DM in older patients. Various biomarkers are under investigation as potentially valuable for sarcopenia diagnosis and treatment monitoring. Biomarkers related to sarcopenia can be divided into markers evaluating musculoskeletal status (biomarkers specific to muscle mass, markers of the neuromuscular junction, or myokines) and markers assuming causal factors (adipokines, hormones, and inflammatory markers). This paper reviews the current knowledge about how diabetes and T2DM complications affect potential sarcopenia biomarker concentrations. This review includes markers recently proposed by the expert group of the European Society for the Clinical and Economic Aspects of Osteoporosis, Osteoarthritis and Musculoskeletal Diseases (ESCEO) as those that may currently be useful in phase II and III clinical trials of sarcopenia: myostatin (MSTN); follistatin (FST); irisin; brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF); procollagen type III N-terminal peptide (PIIINP; P3NP); sarcopenia index (serum creatinine to serum cystatin C ratio); adiponectin; leptin; insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1); dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEAS); C-reactive protein (CRP); interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α). A better understanding of factors influencing these biomarkers' levels, including diabetes and diabetic complications, may lead to designing future studies and implementing results in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Rentflejsz
- Doctoral School, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland
- Department of Geriatrics, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-471 Bialystok, Poland;
| | - Zyta Beata Wojszel
- Department of Geriatrics, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-471 Bialystok, Poland;
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Pan J, Nilsson J, Engström G, De Marinis Y. Elevated circulating follistatin associates with increased risk of mortality and cardiometabolic disorders. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2024; 34:418-425. [PMID: 38000997 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2023.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Previous study showed that elevated circulating hepatokine follistatin (FST) associates with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes by inducing adipose tissue insulin resistance. Here we explore further the relationships between plasma FST levels with mortality and health outcomes. METHODS AND RESULTS The population-based Malmö Diet Cancer cardiovascular cohort (n = 4733, age 45-68 years) was used to study plasma FST in relation to incidence of health outcomes, by linkage with national patient registers. Cox regression analysis was used to assess the associations of plasma FST and outcomes, with adjustments for multiple potential confounding factors. During the mean follow-up time of 22.64 ± 5.84 years in 4,733 individuals, 526 had incident stroke, 432 had ischemic stroke, 530 had incident coronary events (CE), 339 had incident heart failure (HF), 320 had incident chronic kidney disease (CKD) and 1,843 individuals died. Hazard ratio (HR) per standard deviation increase in FST levels adjusted for multiple risk factors was 1.05 (95%CI: 1.00-1.11, p = 0.036) for mortality; 1.10 (95%CI: 1.00-1.20, p = 0.042) for stroke; 1.13 (95%CI: 1.03-1.25, p = 0.014) for ischemic stroke; 1.16 (95%CI: 1.03-1.30, p = 0.015) for HF; and 1.38 (95%CI: 1.12-1.70, p = 0.003) for a diagnosis of CKD. In MDC-CC individuals without prevalent or incident diabetes, the association between FST and stroke, CE and CKD remained significant; but not with mortality or HF. CONCLUSIONS Elevated circulating FST associates with an increased risk of mortality and HF, which partly may be mediated by diabetes. FST also associated with stroke, ischemic stroke, CE and CKD, independently of established risk factors including diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxue Pan
- Division of Child Healthcare, Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Jan Nilsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Gunnar Engström
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.
| | - Yang De Marinis
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden; School of Control Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China; Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK.
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Holmannova D, Borsky P, Andrys C, Kremlacek J, Fiala Z, Parova H, Rehacek V, Esterkova M, Poctova G, Maresova T, Borska L. The Influence of Metabolic Syndrome on Potential Aging Biomarkers in Participants with Metabolic Syndrome Compared to Healthy Controls. Biomedicines 2024; 12:242. [PMID: 38275413 PMCID: PMC10813522 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12010242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biological aging is a physiological process that can be altered by various factors. The presence of a chronic metabolic disease can accelerate aging and increase the risk of further chronic diseases. The aim of the study was to determine whether the presence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) affects levels of markers that are associated with, among other things, aging. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 169 subjects (58 with MetS, and 111 without metabolic syndrome, i.e., non-MetS) participated in the study. Levels of telomerase, GDF11/15, sirtuin 1, follistatin, NLRP3, AGEs, klotho, DNA/RNA damage, NAD+, vitamin D, and blood lipids were assessed from blood samples using specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. RESULTS Telomerase (p < 0.01), DNA/RNA damage (p < 0.006) and GDF15 (p < 0.02) were higher in MetS group compared to non-MetS group. Only vitamin D levels were higher in the non-MetS group (p < 0.0002). Differences between MetS and non-MetS persons were also detected in groups divided according to age: in under 35-year-olds and those aged 35-50 years. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that people with MetS compared to those without MetS have higher levels of some of the measured markers of biological aging. Thus, the presence of MetS may accelerate biological aging, which may be associated with an increased risk of chronic comorbidities that accompany MetS (cardiovascular, inflammatory, autoimmune, neurodegenerative, metabolic, or cancer diseases) and risk of premature death from all causes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drahomira Holmannova
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic (L.B.)
| | - Pavel Borsky
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic (L.B.)
| | - Ctirad Andrys
- Institute of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, University Hospital Hradec Kralove and Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Kremlacek
- Institute of Medical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenek Fiala
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic (L.B.)
| | - Helena Parova
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Diagnostics, University Hospital Hradec Kralove and Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Vit Rehacek
- Transfusion Department, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Monika Esterkova
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic (L.B.)
| | - Gabriela Poctova
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic (L.B.)
| | - Tereza Maresova
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic (L.B.)
| | - Lenka Borska
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic (L.B.)
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Tarabeih N, Kalinkovich A, Ashkenazi S, Cherny SS, Shalata A, Livshits G. Relationships between Circulating Biomarkers and Body Composition Parameters in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome: A Community-Based Study. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:881. [PMID: 38255954 PMCID: PMC10815336 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a complex disease involving multiple physiological, biochemical, and metabolic abnormalities. The search for reliable biomarkers may help to better elucidate its pathogenesis and develop new preventive and therapeutic strategies. In the present population-based study, we looked for biomarkers of MetS among obesity- and inflammation-related circulating factors and body composition parameters in 1079 individuals (with age range between 18 and 80) belonging to an ethnically homogeneous population. Plasma levels of soluble markers were measured by using ELISA. Body composition parameters were assessed using bioimpedance analysis (BIA). Statistical analysis, including mixed-effects regression, with MetS as a dependent variable, revealed that the most significant independent variables were mainly adipose tissue-related phenotypes, including fat mass/weight (FM/WT) [OR (95% CI)], 2.77 (2.01-3.81); leptin/adiponectin ratio (L/A ratio), 1.50 (1.23-1.83); growth and differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) levels, 1.32 (1.08-1.62); inflammatory markers, specifically monocyte to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (MHR), 2.53 (2.00-3.15), and a few others. Additive Bayesian network modeling suggests that age, sex, MHR, and FM/WT are directly associated with MetS and probably affect its manifestation. Additionally, MetS may be causing the GDF-15 and L/A ratio. Our novel findings suggest the existence of complex, age-related, and possibly hierarchical relationships between MetS and factors associated with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nader Tarabeih
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Adelson School of Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel; (N.T.); (S.A.)
| | - Alexander Kalinkovich
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel; (A.K.); (S.S.C.)
| | - Shai Ashkenazi
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Adelson School of Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel; (N.T.); (S.A.)
| | - Stacey S. Cherny
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel; (A.K.); (S.S.C.)
| | - Adel Shalata
- The Simon Winter Institute for Human Genetics, Bnai Zion Medical Center, The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel;
| | - Gregory Livshits
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Adelson School of Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel; (N.T.); (S.A.)
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel; (A.K.); (S.S.C.)
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10
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Xourafa G, Korbmacher M, Roden M. Inter-organ crosstalk during development and progression of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2024; 20:27-49. [PMID: 37845351 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-023-00898-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by tissue-specific insulin resistance and pancreatic β-cell dysfunction, which result from the interplay of local abnormalities within different tissues and systemic dysregulation of tissue crosstalk. The main local mechanisms comprise metabolic (lipid) signalling, altered mitochondrial metabolism with oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress and local inflammation. While the role of endocrine dysregulation in T2DM pathogenesis is well established, other forms of inter-organ crosstalk deserve closer investigation to better understand the multifactorial transition from normoglycaemia to hyperglycaemia. This narrative Review addresses the impact of certain tissue-specific messenger systems, such as metabolites, peptides and proteins and microRNAs, their secretion patterns and possible alternative transport mechanisms, such as extracellular vesicles (exosomes). The focus is on the effects of these messengers on distant organs during the development of T2DM and progression to its complications. Starting from the adipose tissue as a major organ relevant to T2DM pathophysiology, the discussion is expanded to other key tissues, such as skeletal muscle, liver, the endocrine pancreas and the intestine. Subsequently, this Review also sheds light on the potential of multimarker panels derived from these biomarkers and related multi-omics for the prediction of risk and progression of T2DM, novel diabetes mellitus subtypes and/or endotypes and T2DM-related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Xourafa
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, München-Neuherberg, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Melis Korbmacher
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, München-Neuherberg, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Michael Roden
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, München-Neuherberg, Düsseldorf, Germany.
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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11
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Bielka W, Przezak A, Pawlik A. Follistatin and follistatin-like 3 in metabolic disorders. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2023; 169:106785. [PMID: 37739334 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2023.106785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Follistatin (FST) is a glycoprotein which main role is antagonizing activity of transforming growth factor β superfamily members. Folistatin-related proteins such as follistatin-like 3 (FSTL3) also reveal these properties. The exact function of them has still not been established, but it can be bound to the pathogenesis of metabolic disorders. So far, there were performed a few studies about their role in type 2 diabetes, obesity or gestational diabetes and even less in type 1 diabetes. The outcomes are contradictory and do not allow to draw exact conclusions. In this article we summarize the available information about connections between follistatin, as well as follistatin-like 3, and metabolic disorders. We also emphasize the strong need of performing further research to explain their exact role, especially in the pathogenesis of diabetes and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weronika Bielka
- Department of Rheumatology and Internal Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Przezak
- Department of Rheumatology and Internal Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Andrzej Pawlik
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland.
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12
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Kurose S, Onishi K, Miyauchi T, Takahashi K, Kimura Y. Serum Follistatin Levels are Independently Associated with Exercise Tolerance in Patients with Obesity. Endocr Res 2023; 48:120-128. [PMID: 37668496 DOI: 10.1080/07435800.2023.2253452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Follistatin (FST)/myostatin (MST) myokine-signaling axis is important for muscle metabolism and pathogenesis of obesity. FST, mainly secreted by skeletal muscle and liver, inhibits MST and affects skeletal muscle synthesis. This study aimed to identify the characteristics of myokines and independent predictors of serum FST levels in patients with obesity. METHODS In this retrospective cross-sectional study, 226 patients (mean age, 46.6 years; men, 35.4%) with obesity who initially visited an outpatient clinic between June 2014 and September 2020, were included and classified into obesity (25.0 ≤ body mass index (BMI) < 35.0 kg/m2) and severe obesity (BMI ≥35 kg/m2) groups based on the guidelines of the Japan Society for the Study of Obesity. Body composition was measured using bioelectrical impedance analysis and computed tomography. Muscle strength, exercise tolerance, metabolic parameters, and myokines were measured, including serum levels of FST, MST, irisin, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor. RESULTS Serum FST levels were significantly higher in the severe obesity group than in the obesity group (median: 768.4 vs. 895.1 pg/mL, P = 0.020). However, the levels of other myokines showed no significant differences between the groups. In Model 1, which included factors that significantly correlated with FST levels, stepwise multivariate regression analysis revealed peak oxygen uptake (VO2) as an independent predictor of FST levels based on the significance of the univariate analysis. Additionally, Model 2 was analyzed by adding myokine level to Model 1, revealing that peak VO2, MST, and irisin levels were independent predictors of FST levels. CONCLUSION Serum FST levels were higher in patients in the severe obesity group compared to those in the obesity group. There was an independent association between low exercise tolerance and elevated serum FST levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Kurose
- Health Science Center, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
| | - Katsuko Onishi
- Health Science Center, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takumi Miyauchi
- Health Science Center, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Takahashi
- Department of Medicine II, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yutaka Kimura
- Health Science Center, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
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Zhang Z, Ji G, Li M. Glucokinase regulatory protein: a balancing act between glucose and lipid metabolism in NAFLD. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1247611. [PMID: 37711901 PMCID: PMC10497960 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1247611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common liver disease worldwide, affected by both genetics and environment. Type 2 diabetes (T2D) stands as an independent environmental risk factor that precipitates the onset of hepatic steatosis and accelerates its progression to severe stages of liver damage. Furthermore, the coexistence of T2D and NAFLD magnifies the risk of cardiovascular disease synergistically. However, the association between genetic susceptibility and metabolic risk factors in NAFLD remains incompletely understood. The glucokinase regulator gene (GCKR), responsible for encoding the glucokinase regulatory protein (GKRP), acts as a regulator and protector of the glucose-metabolizing enzyme glucokinase (GK) in the liver. Two common variants (rs1260326 and rs780094) within the GCKR gene have been associated with a lower risk for T2D but a higher risk for NAFLD. Recent studies underscore that T2D presence significantly amplifies the effect of the GCKR gene, thereby increasing the risk of NASH and fibrosis in NAFLD patients. In this review, we focus on the critical roles of GKRP in T2D and NAFLD, drawing upon insights from genetic and biological studies. Notably, prior attempts at drug development targeting GK with glucokinase activators (GKAs) have shown potential risks of augmented plasma triglycerides or NAFLD. Conversely, overexpression of GKRP in diabetic rats improved glucose tolerance without causing NAFLD, suggesting the crucial regulatory role of GKRP in maintaining hepatic glucose and lipid metabolism balance. Collectively, this review sheds new light on the complex interaction between genes and environment in NAFLD, focusing on the GCKR gene. By integrating evidence from genetics, biology, and drug development, we reassess the therapeutic potential of targeting GK or GKRP for metabolic disease treatment. Emerging evidence suggests that selectively activating GK or enhancing GK-GKRP binding may represent a holistic strategy for restoring glucose and lipid metabolic balance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Meng Li
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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14
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Khalafi M, Aria B, Symonds ME, Rosenkranz SK. The effects of resistance training on myostatin and follistatin in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Physiol Behav 2023:114272. [PMID: 37328021 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2023.114272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND AIM Myostatin and follistatin are the main hormones for regulating muscle mass, and previous research suggests they are modulated by resistance training. We therefore performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the impact of resistance training on circulating myostatin and follistatin in adults. METHODS A search was conducted in PubMed and Web of science from inception until October 2022 to identify original studies investigating the effects of resistance training compared with controls that did not exercise. Standardized mean differences and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using random effects models. RESULTS A total 26 randomized studies, including 36 interventions, and involving 768 participants (aged ∼18 to 82 years), were included in the meta-analysis. Resistance training effectively decreased myostatin [-1.31 (95% CI -1.74 to -0.88, p=0.001, 26 studies] and increased follistatin [2.04 (95% CI: 1.51 to 2.52), p=0.001, 14 studies]. Subgroup analyses revealed a significant decrease in myostatin and increase in follistatin regardless of age. CONCLUSION Resistance training in adults is effective for reducing myostatin and increasing follistatin which may contribute to the beneficial effects of resistance training on muscle mass and metabolic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mousa Khalafi
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran.
| | - Behzad Aria
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, School of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran
| | - Michael E Symonds
- Centre for Perinatal Research, Academic Unit of Population and Lifespan Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG72UH, United Kingdom
| | - Sara K Rosenkranz
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, USA
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15
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Laqua FC, Woznicki P, Bley TA, Schöneck M, Rinneburger M, Weisthoff M, Schmidt M, Persigehl T, Iuga AI, Baeßler B. Transfer-Learning Deep Radiomics and Hand-Crafted Radiomics for Classifying Lymph Nodes from Contrast-Enhanced Computed Tomography in Lung Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:2850. [PMID: 37345187 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15102850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Positron emission tomography (PET) is currently considered the non-invasive reference standard for lymph node (N-)staging in lung cancer. However, not all patients can undergo this diagnostic procedure due to high costs, limited availability, and additional radiation exposure. The purpose of this study was to predict the PET result from traditional contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) and to test different feature extraction strategies. METHODS In this study, 100 lung cancer patients underwent a contrast-enhanced 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET/CT scan between August 2012 and December 2019. We trained machine learning models to predict FDG uptake in the subsequent PET scan. Model inputs were composed of (i) traditional "hand-crafted" radiomics features from the segmented lymph nodes, (ii) deep features derived from a pretrained EfficientNet-CNN, and (iii) a hybrid approach combining (i) and (ii). RESULTS In total, 2734 lymph nodes [555 (20.3%) PET-positive] from 100 patients [49% female; mean age 65, SD: 14] with lung cancer (60% adenocarcinoma, 21% plate epithelial carcinoma, 8% small-cell lung cancer) were included in this study. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) ranged from 0.79 to 0.87, and the scaled Brier score (SBS) ranged from 16 to 36%. The random forest model (iii) yielded the best results [AUC 0.871 (0.865-0.878), SBS 35.8 (34.2-37.2)] and had significantly higher model performance than both approaches alone (AUC: p < 0.001, z = 8.8 and z = 22.4; SBS: p < 0.001, z = 11.4 and z = 26.6, against (i) and (ii), respectively). CONCLUSION Both traditional radiomics features and transfer-learning deep radiomics features provide relevant and complementary information for non-invasive N-staging in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Christopher Laqua
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Würzburg, University of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Piotr Woznicki
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Würzburg, University of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Thorsten A Bley
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Würzburg, University of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Mirjam Schöneck
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Miriam Rinneburger
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Mathilda Weisthoff
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Matthias Schmidt
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Thorsten Persigehl
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Andra-Iza Iuga
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Bettina Baeßler
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Würzburg, University of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
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Tao R, Stöhr O, Wang C, Qiu W, Copps KD, White MF. Hepatic follistatin increases basal metabolic rate and attenuates diet-induced obesity during hepatic insulin resistance. Mol Metab 2023; 71:101703. [PMID: 36906067 PMCID: PMC10033741 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2023.101703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Body weight change and obesity follow the variance of excess energy input balanced against tightly controlled EE (energy expenditure). Since insulin resistance can reduce energy storage, we investigated whether genetic disruption of hepatic insulin signaling reduced adipose mass with increased EE. METHODS Insulin signaling was disrupted by genetic inactivation of Irs1 (Insulin receptor substrate 1) and Irs2 in hepatocytes of LDKO mice (Irs1L/L·Irs2L/L·CreAlb), creating a state of complete hepatic insulin resistance. We inactivated FoxO1 or the FoxO1-regulated hepatokine Fst (Follistatin) in the liver of LDKO mice by intercrossing LDKO mice with FoxO1L/L or FstL/L mice. We used DEXA (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry) to assess total lean mass, fat mass and fat percentage, and metabolic cages to measure EE (energy expenditure) and estimate basal metabolic rate (BMR). High-fat diet was used to induce obesity. RESULTS Hepatic disruption of Irs1 and Irs2 (LDKO mice) attenuated HFD (high-fat diet)-induced obesity and increased whole-body EE in a FoxO1-dependent manner. Hepatic disruption of the FoxO1-regulated hepatokine Fst normalized EE in LDKO mice and restored adipose mass during HFD consumption; moreover, hepatic Fst disruption alone increased fat mass accumulation, whereas hepatic overexpression of Fst reduced HFD-induced obesity. Excess circulating Fst in overexpressing mice neutralized Mstn (Myostatin), activating mTORC1-promoted pathways of nutrient uptake and EE in skeletal muscle. Similar to Fst overexpression, direct activation of muscle mTORC1 also reduced adipose mass. CONCLUSIONS Thus, complete hepatic insulin resistance in LDKO mice fed a HFD revealed Fst-mediated communication between the liver and muscle, which might go unnoticed during ordinary hepatic insulin resistance as a mechanism to increase muscle EE and constrain obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongya Tao
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Oliver Stöhr
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Caixia Wang
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Wei Qiu
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Kyle D Copps
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Morris F White
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
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17
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Richter MM, Svane MS, Kristiansen VB, Holst JJ, Madsbad S, Bojsen-Møller KN. Postprandial secretion of follistatin after gastric bypass surgery and sleeve gastrectomy. Peptides 2023; 163:170978. [PMID: 36842630 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2023.170978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
Follistatin is secreted from the liver and may regulate muscle growth and insulin sensitivity. Protein intake stimulates follistatin secretion, which may be mediated by increased glucagon in the context of low insulin concentrations. We investigated circulating follistatin after mixed-meals in two cohorts of patients who were part of previously published studies and had undergone bariatric surgery with either simultaneous assessment of amino acid absorption or administration of the GLP-1 receptor antagonist exendin-(9-39), which increased glucagon concentrations and impaired insulin secretion. Study 1 comprised obese matched subjects with previous Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) or sleeve gastrectomy (SG) surgery and unoperated controls who underwent 6-hour mixed-meal tests with intravenous and oral tracers including intrinsically labelled caseinate in the meal. Study 2 comprised obese subjects with previous RYGB who underwent two 5-hour mixed-meal tests with concomitant exendin-(9-39) or saline infusion. In study 1, the secretion of follistatin as well as the amino acid absorption was accelerated after RYGB compared with SG and controls, but the glucagon-to-C-peptide ratios did not differ between the groups. In study 2, exendin-(9-39) administration increased postprandial glucagon concentrations and lowered insulin secretion, whereas the concentration of follistatin was unchanged. In conclusion, postprandial follistatin secretion is accelerated in patients after RYGB which might be explained by an accelerated protein absorption rate rather than the glucagon-to-insulin ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria S Svane
- Department of Endocrinology, Hvidovre Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark; Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Hvidovre Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Viggo B Kristiansen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Hvidovre Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Jens J Holst
- Novo Nordic Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sten Madsbad
- Department of Endocrinology, Hvidovre Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
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18
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Al-Reshed F, Sindhu S, Al Madhoun A, Bahman F, AlSaeed H, Akhter N, Malik MZ, Alzaid F, Al-Mulla F, Ahmad R. Low carbohydrate intake correlates with trends of insulin resistance and metabolic acidosis in healthy lean individuals. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1115333. [PMID: 37006572 PMCID: PMC10061153 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1115333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Both obesity and a poor diet are considered major risk factors for triggering insulin resistance syndrome (IRS) and the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Owing to the impact of low-carbohydrate diets, such as the keto diet and the Atkins diet, on weight loss in individuals with obesity, these diets have become an effective strategy for a healthy lifestyle. However, the impact of the ketogenic diet on IRS in healthy individuals of a normal weight has been less well researched. This study presents a cross-sectional observational study that aimed to investigate the effect of low carbohydrate intake in healthy individuals of a normal weight with regard to glucose homeostasis, inflammatory, and metabolic parameters. Methods The study included 120 participants who were healthy, had a normal weight (BMI 25 kg/m2), and had no history of a major medical condition. Self-reported dietary intake and objective physical activity measured by accelerometry were tracked for 7 days. The participants were divided into three groups according to their dietary intake of carbohydrates: the low-carbohydrate (LC) group (those consuming <45% of their daily energy intake from carbohydrates), the recommended range of carbohydrate (RC) group (those consuming 45-65% of their daily energy intake from carbohydrates), and the high-carbohydrate (HC) group (those consuming more than 65% of their daily energy intake from carbohydrates). Blood samples were collected for the analysis of metabolic markers. HOMA of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and HOMA of β-cell function (HOMA-β), as well as C-peptide levels, were used for the evaluation of glucose homeostasis. Results Low carbohydrate intake (<45% of total energy) was found to significantly correlate with dysregulated glucose homeostasis as measured by elevations in HOMA-IR, HOMA-β% assessment, and C-peptide levels. Low carbohydrate intake was also found to be coupled with lower serum bicarbonate and serum albumin levels, with an increased anion gap indicating metabolic acidosis. The elevation in C-peptide under low carbohydrate intake was found to be positively correlated with the secretion of IRS-related inflammatory markers, including FGF2, IP-10, IL-6, IL-17A, and MDC, but negatively correlated with IL-3. Discussion Overall, the findings of the study showed that, for the first time, low-carbohydrate intake in healthy individuals of a normal weight might lead to dysfunctional glucose homeostasis, increased metabolic acidosis, and the possibility of triggering inflammation by C-peptide elevation in plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatema Al-Reshed
- Immunology and Microbiology Department, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Sardar Sindhu
- Animal and Imaging Core Facility, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Ashraf Al Madhoun
- Animal and Imaging Core Facility, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Fatemah Bahman
- Immunology and Microbiology Department, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Halemah AlSaeed
- Immunology and Microbiology Department, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Nadeem Akhter
- Immunology and Microbiology Department, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Md Zubbair Malik
- Genetics and Bioinformatics, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman, Kuwait
| | - Fawaz Alzaid
- Institute Necker Enfants Malades (INEM), French Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), Immunity and Metabolism of Diabetes (IMMEDIAB), Université de Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Fahd Al-Mulla
- Genetics and Bioinformatics, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman, Kuwait
| | - Rasheed Ahmad
- Immunology and Microbiology Department, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
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19
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Papachristou S, Popovic DS, Papanas N. Circulating follistatin as a novel biomarker of type 2 diabetes mellitus risk. Int J Diabetes Dev Ctries 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s13410-023-01181-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
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20
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Stefan N, Schick F, Birkenfeld AL, Häring HU, White MF. The role of hepatokines in NAFLD. Cell Metab 2023; 35:236-252. [PMID: 36754018 PMCID: PMC10157895 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2023.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is not only a consequence of insulin resistance, but it is also an important cause of insulin resistance and major non-communicable diseases (NCDs). The close relationship of NAFLD with visceral obesity obscures the role of fatty liver from visceral adiposity as the main pathomechanism of insulin resistance and NCDs. To overcome this limitation, in analogy to the concept of adipokines, in 2008 we introduced the term hepatokines to describe the role of fetuin-A in metabolism. Since then, several other hepatokines were tested for their effects on metabolism. Here we address the dysregulation of hepatokines in people with NAFLD. Then, we discuss pathophysiological mechanisms of cardiometabolic diseases specifically related to NAFLD by focusing on hepatokine-related organ crosstalk. Finally, we propose how the determination of major hepatokines and adipokines can be used for pathomechanism-based clustering of insulin resistance in NAFLD and visceral obesity to better implement precision medicine in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norbert Stefan
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nephrology, University Hospital of Tübingen, Otfried-Müller Str. 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; Institute of Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases (IDM) of the Helmholtz Center Munich, Tübingen, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Fritz Schick
- Institute of Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases (IDM) of the Helmholtz Center Munich, Tübingen, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany; Section of Experimental Radiology, Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas L Birkenfeld
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nephrology, University Hospital of Tübingen, Otfried-Müller Str. 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; Institute of Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases (IDM) of the Helmholtz Center Munich, Tübingen, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Hans-Ulrich Häring
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nephrology, University Hospital of Tübingen, Otfried-Müller Str. 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; Institute of Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases (IDM) of the Helmholtz Center Munich, Tübingen, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Morris F White
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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21
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Díaz M, de Zegher F, Ibáñez L. Circulating follistatin concentrations in adolescent PCOS: Divergent effects of randomized treatments. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1125569. [PMID: 36843579 PMCID: PMC9947640 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1125569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Follistatin is a glycoprotein that represses members of the transforming growth factor-β superfamily including activin. Higher follistatin levels have been associated with an increased risk for type 2 diabetes and with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). In non-obese adolescent girls with PCOS, insulin sensitization results in a healthier endocrine-metabolic outcome than oral contraception (OC); we assessed whether those differences are underscored by changes in serum follistatin concentrations. METHODS Circulating follistatin, endocrine-metabolic markers and hepato-visceral fat were measured longitudinally in 72 girls with PCOS [age, 16 years; body mass index (BMI), 23 Kg/m2] randomized to receive PioFluMet [pioglitazone (7.5 mg/d), metformin (850 mg/d) and flutamide (62.5 mg/d), n=17]; EE-CA [an OC containing 35 µg ethinylestradiol (EE) and 2 mg cyproterone acetate (CA), n=17]; SPIOMET [Spironolactone (50 mg/d), pioglitazone (7.5 mg/d) and metformin (850 mg/d), n=18], or EE-LNG [an OC containing 20 µg EE and 100 mg levonorgestrel (LNG), n=20]. Twenty-eight age- and BMI-matched healthy girls served as controls. RESULTS Pre-treatment follistatin levels were similar in PCOS and controls. OCs raised serum follistatin after 6 months (6.8-fold vs 2.5-fold for EE-CA and EE-LNG, respectively). Neither SPIOMET nor PioFluMet changed follistatin levels. Follistatin correlated negatively with high-molecular weight adiponectin and positively with mean serum insulin concentrations during an oral glucose tolerance test at baseline, and with liver fat after 6 months. CONCLUSION In girls with PCOS, follistatin levels rise significantly after 6 months on OCs and this increase associates to a worsening of markers of insulin resistance and to changes in liver fat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Díaz
- Endocrinology Department, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Lourdes Ibáñez
- Endocrinology Department, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Lourdes Ibáñez,
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22
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Kumar R, Prakash SS, Priyadarshi RN, Anand U. Sarcopenia in Chronic Liver Disease: A Metabolic Perspective. J Clin Transl Hepatol 2022; 10:1213-1222. [PMID: 36381104 PMCID: PMC9634780 DOI: 10.14218/jcth.2022.00239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia, a condition of low muscle mass, quality, and strength, is commonly found in patients with chronic liver disease (CLD) and is associated with adverse clinical outcomes including reduction in quality of life, increased mortality, and complications. A major contributor to sarcopenia in CLD is the imbalance in muscle protein turnover wherein changes in various metabolic factors such as hyperammonemia, amino acid deprivation, hormonal imbalance, gut dysbiosis, insulin resistance, chronic inflammation, etc. have important roles. In particular, hyperammonemia is a key mediator of the liver-gut axis and is known to contribute to sarcopenia by various mechanisms including increased expression of myostatin, increased phosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor 2a, cataplerosis of α-ketoglutarate, mitochondrial dysfunction, increased reactive oxygen species that decrease protein synthesis and increased autophagy-mediated proteolysis. Skeletal muscle is a major organ of insulin-induced glucose metabolism, and sarcopenia is closely linked to insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome. Patients with liver cirrhosis are in a hypermetabolic state that is associated with catabolism and depletion of amino acids, particularly branched-chain amino acids. Sarcopenia can have significant implications for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, the most common form of CLD worldwide, because of the close link between metabolic syndrome and sarcopenia. This review discusses the potential metabolic derangement as a cause or effect of sarcopenia in CLD, as well as interorgan crosstalk, which that might help identifying a novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Kumar
- Department of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, India
- Correspondence to: Ramesh Kumar, Department of Gastroenterology, fourth floor, OPD Block, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna 801507, India. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5136-4865. Tel: +91-7765803112, Fax: +91-11-26588663, E-mail:
| | - Sabbu Surya Prakash
- Department of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, India
| | | | - Utpal Anand
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, India
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23
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Regulatory Networks, Management Approaches, and Emerging Treatments of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Can J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 2022:6799414. [PMID: 36397950 PMCID: PMC9666027 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6799414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of NAFLD is complex and diverse, involving multiple signaling pathways and cytokines from various organs. Hepatokines, stellakines, adipokines, and myokines secreted by hepatocytes, hepatic stellate cells, adipose tissue, and myocytes play an important role in the occurrence and development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) contributes to the progression of NAFLD by mediating liver inflammation, immune response, hepatocyte death, and later compensatory proliferation. In this review, we first discuss the crosstalk and interaction between hepatokines, stellakines, adipokines, and myokines and NF-κB in NAFLD. The characterization of the crosstalk of NF-κB with these factors will provide a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in the progression of NAFLD. In addition, we examine new expert management opinions for NAFLD and explore the therapeutic potential of silymarin in NAFLD/NASH.
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24
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Predictive Power of Tissue and Circulating Biomarkers for the Severity of Biopsy-Validated Chronic Liver Diseases. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11205985. [PMID: 36294318 PMCID: PMC9604565 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11205985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Although liver biopsy remains the gold standard for the diagnosis and the monitoring of liver disease, non-invasive biomarkers have been recently suggested to predict liver disease severity, progression, and response to therapy. We investigated multiple tissue and circulating markers of angiogenesis in predicting the severity of biopsy-validated chronic liver diseases in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) and in NAFLD/NASH patients. Methods: We studied samples from forty-six patients with HCV and/or NAFLD who underwent liver biopsy, liver ultrasonography, and liver stiffness measurement. Ishak and Brunt scores were calculated. Expression of selective genes and luminex analyses of 17 different circulating pro-angiogenic factors were performed. Results: The phenotype of NAFLD/NASH or HCV subjects was similar, except for insulin, which was expressed at higher levels in NAFLD/NASH patients. A Mann−Whitney test showed significant differences for the circulating levels of HB-EGF and for follistatin between HCV and NAFLD/NASH patients. In HCV patients, we found an inverse correlation between disease stage and BMP-9 and VEGF-A circulating levels, while in NASH/NAFLD direct correlations between stage and BMP-9 and VEGF-A circulating levels were noted. The K-means algorithm divided HCV and NASH/NAFLD patients in two clusters with significant differences between them. Logistic regression models showed a positive relationship with BMP-9 levels for NASH/NAFLD and with HB-EGF circulating concentrations for HCV. ROC analysis showed for BMP-9 > 1188 pg/mL a worse disease in NASH/NAFLD, whereas for HB-EGF < 61 pg/mL a higher severity of disease in HCV. Conclusion: Our data show that circulating biomarker profiles can identify the severity of chronic liver disease of NAFLD/NASH or HCV origin.
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25
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Akbari P, Sosina OA, Bovijn J, Landheer K, Nielsen JB, Kim M, Aykul S, De T, Haas ME, Hindy G, Lin N, Dinsmore IR, Luo JZ, Hectors S, Geraghty B, Germino M, Panagis L, Parasoglou P, Walls JR, Halasz G, Atwal GS, Jones M, LeBlanc MG, Still CD, Carey DJ, Giontella A, Orho-Melander M, Berumen J, Kuri-Morales P, Alegre-Díaz J, Torres JM, Emberson JR, Collins R, Rader DJ, Zambrowicz B, Murphy AJ, Balasubramanian S, Overton JD, Reid JG, Shuldiner AR, Cantor M, Abecasis GR, Ferreira MAR, Sleeman MW, Gusarova V, Altarejos J, Harris C, Economides AN, Idone V, Karalis K, Della Gatta G, Mirshahi T, Yancopoulos GD, Melander O, Marchini J, Tapia-Conyer R, Locke AE, Baras A, Verweij N, Lotta LA. Multiancestry exome sequencing reveals INHBE mutations associated with favorable fat distribution and protection from diabetes. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4844. [PMID: 35999217 PMCID: PMC9399235 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32398-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Body fat distribution is a major, heritable risk factor for cardiometabolic disease, independent of overall adiposity. Using exome-sequencing in 618,375 individuals (including 160,058 non-Europeans) from the UK, Sweden and Mexico, we identify 16 genes associated with fat distribution at exome-wide significance. We show 6-fold larger effect for fat-distribution associated rare coding variants compared with fine-mapped common alleles, enrichment for genes expressed in adipose tissue and causal genes for partial lipodystrophies, and evidence of sex-dimorphism. We describe an association with favorable fat distribution (p = 1.8 × 10-09), favorable metabolic profile and protection from type 2 diabetes (~28% lower odds; p = 0.004) for heterozygous protein-truncating mutations in INHBE, which encodes a circulating growth factor of the activin family, highly and specifically expressed in hepatocytes. Our results suggest that inhibin βE is a liver-expressed negative regulator of adipose storage whose blockade may be beneficial in fat distribution-associated metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parsa Akbari
- grid.418961.30000 0004 0472 2713Regeneron Genetics Center, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc, Tarrytown, NY USA
| | - Olukayode A. Sosina
- grid.418961.30000 0004 0472 2713Regeneron Genetics Center, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc, Tarrytown, NY USA
| | - Jonas Bovijn
- grid.418961.30000 0004 0472 2713Regeneron Genetics Center, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc, Tarrytown, NY USA
| | - Karl Landheer
- grid.418961.30000 0004 0472 2713Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc, Tarrytown, NY USA
| | - Jonas B. Nielsen
- grid.418961.30000 0004 0472 2713Regeneron Genetics Center, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc, Tarrytown, NY USA
| | - Minhee Kim
- grid.418961.30000 0004 0472 2713Regeneron Genetics Center, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc, Tarrytown, NY USA
| | - Senem Aykul
- grid.418961.30000 0004 0472 2713Regeneron Genetics Center, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc, Tarrytown, NY USA
| | - Tanima De
- grid.418961.30000 0004 0472 2713Regeneron Genetics Center, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc, Tarrytown, NY USA
| | - Mary E. Haas
- grid.418961.30000 0004 0472 2713Regeneron Genetics Center, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc, Tarrytown, NY USA
| | - George Hindy
- grid.418961.30000 0004 0472 2713Regeneron Genetics Center, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc, Tarrytown, NY USA
| | - Nan Lin
- grid.418961.30000 0004 0472 2713Regeneron Genetics Center, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc, Tarrytown, NY USA
| | - Ian R. Dinsmore
- grid.280776.c0000 0004 0394 1447Department of Molecular and Functional Genomics, Geisinger Health System, Danville, PA USA
| | - Jonathan Z. Luo
- grid.280776.c0000 0004 0394 1447Department of Molecular and Functional Genomics, Geisinger Health System, Danville, PA USA
| | - Stefanie Hectors
- grid.418961.30000 0004 0472 2713Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc, Tarrytown, NY USA
| | - Benjamin Geraghty
- grid.418961.30000 0004 0472 2713Regeneron Genetics Center, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc, Tarrytown, NY USA
| | - Mary Germino
- grid.418961.30000 0004 0472 2713Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc, Tarrytown, NY USA
| | - Lampros Panagis
- grid.418961.30000 0004 0472 2713Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc, Tarrytown, NY USA
| | - Prodromos Parasoglou
- grid.418961.30000 0004 0472 2713Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc, Tarrytown, NY USA
| | - Johnathon R. Walls
- grid.418961.30000 0004 0472 2713Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc, Tarrytown, NY USA
| | - Gabor Halasz
- grid.418961.30000 0004 0472 2713Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc, Tarrytown, NY USA
| | - Gurinder S. Atwal
- grid.418961.30000 0004 0472 2713Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc, Tarrytown, NY USA
| | | | | | - Marcus Jones
- grid.418961.30000 0004 0472 2713Regeneron Genetics Center, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc, Tarrytown, NY USA
| | - Michelle G. LeBlanc
- grid.418961.30000 0004 0472 2713Regeneron Genetics Center, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc, Tarrytown, NY USA
| | - Christopher D. Still
- grid.280776.c0000 0004 0394 1447Geisinger Obesity Institute, Geisinger Health System, Danville, PA USA
| | - David J. Carey
- grid.280776.c0000 0004 0394 1447Geisinger Obesity Institute, Geisinger Health System, Danville, PA USA
| | - Alice Giontella
- grid.4514.40000 0001 0930 2361Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden ,grid.5611.30000 0004 1763 1124Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Marju Orho-Melander
- grid.4514.40000 0001 0930 2361Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Jaime Berumen
- grid.9486.30000 0001 2159 0001Unidad de Medicina Experimental de la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Pablo Kuri-Morales
- grid.9486.30000 0001 2159 0001Unidad de Medicina Experimental de la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico ,grid.419886.a0000 0001 2203 4701Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Jesus Alegre-Díaz
- grid.9486.30000 0001 2159 0001Unidad de Medicina Experimental de la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jason M. Torres
- grid.4991.50000 0004 1936 8948MRC Population Health Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK ,grid.4991.50000 0004 1936 8948Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jonathan R. Emberson
- grid.4991.50000 0004 1936 8948MRC Population Health Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK ,grid.4991.50000 0004 1936 8948Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Rory Collins
- grid.4991.50000 0004 1936 8948Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Daniel J. Rader
- grid.25879.310000 0004 1936 8972Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Brian Zambrowicz
- grid.418961.30000 0004 0472 2713Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc, Tarrytown, NY USA
| | - Andrew J. Murphy
- grid.418961.30000 0004 0472 2713Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc, Tarrytown, NY USA
| | - Suganthi Balasubramanian
- grid.418961.30000 0004 0472 2713Regeneron Genetics Center, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc, Tarrytown, NY USA
| | - John D. Overton
- grid.418961.30000 0004 0472 2713Regeneron Genetics Center, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc, Tarrytown, NY USA
| | - Jeffrey G. Reid
- grid.418961.30000 0004 0472 2713Regeneron Genetics Center, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc, Tarrytown, NY USA
| | - Alan R. Shuldiner
- grid.418961.30000 0004 0472 2713Regeneron Genetics Center, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc, Tarrytown, NY USA
| | - Michael Cantor
- grid.418961.30000 0004 0472 2713Regeneron Genetics Center, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc, Tarrytown, NY USA
| | - Goncalo R. Abecasis
- grid.418961.30000 0004 0472 2713Regeneron Genetics Center, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc, Tarrytown, NY USA
| | - Manuel A. R. Ferreira
- grid.418961.30000 0004 0472 2713Regeneron Genetics Center, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc, Tarrytown, NY USA
| | - Mark W. Sleeman
- grid.418961.30000 0004 0472 2713Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc, Tarrytown, NY USA
| | - Viktoria Gusarova
- grid.418961.30000 0004 0472 2713Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc, Tarrytown, NY USA
| | - Judith Altarejos
- grid.418961.30000 0004 0472 2713Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc, Tarrytown, NY USA
| | - Charles Harris
- grid.418961.30000 0004 0472 2713Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc, Tarrytown, NY USA
| | - Aris N. Economides
- grid.418961.30000 0004 0472 2713Regeneron Genetics Center, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc, Tarrytown, NY USA ,grid.418961.30000 0004 0472 2713Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc, Tarrytown, NY USA
| | - Vincent Idone
- grid.418961.30000 0004 0472 2713Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc, Tarrytown, NY USA
| | - Katia Karalis
- grid.418961.30000 0004 0472 2713Regeneron Genetics Center, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc, Tarrytown, NY USA
| | - Giusy Della Gatta
- grid.418961.30000 0004 0472 2713Regeneron Genetics Center, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc, Tarrytown, NY USA
| | - Tooraj Mirshahi
- grid.280776.c0000 0004 0394 1447Geisinger Obesity Institute, Geisinger Health System, Danville, PA USA
| | | | - Olle Melander
- grid.4514.40000 0001 0930 2361Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden ,grid.411843.b0000 0004 0623 9987Department of Emergency and Internal Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Jonathan Marchini
- grid.418961.30000 0004 0472 2713Regeneron Genetics Center, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc, Tarrytown, NY USA
| | - Roberto Tapia-Conyer
- grid.419886.a0000 0001 2203 4701Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Adam E. Locke
- grid.418961.30000 0004 0472 2713Regeneron Genetics Center, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc, Tarrytown, NY USA
| | - Aris Baras
- Regeneron Genetics Center, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc, Tarrytown, NY, USA.
| | - Niek Verweij
- grid.418961.30000 0004 0472 2713Regeneron Genetics Center, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc, Tarrytown, NY USA
| | - Luca A. Lotta
- grid.418961.30000 0004 0472 2713Regeneron Genetics Center, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc, Tarrytown, NY USA
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26
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Lee-Ødegård S, Ueland T, Thorsby PM, Aukrust P, Michelsen AE, Halvorsen B, Drevon CA, Birkeland KI. Fetuin-A mediates the difference in adipose tissue insulin resistance between young adult pakistani and norwegian patients with type 2 diabetes. BMC Endocr Disord 2022; 22:208. [PMID: 35978354 PMCID: PMC9386965 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-022-01127-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND South-Asian immigrants to Western countries have a high prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and increased adipose tissue insulin resistance (AT-IR), as compared to their Western counterparts. Fetuin-A is a hepatokine known to influence AT-IR. AIM Can plasma fetuin-A concentrations explain an ethnic difference in adipose tissue insulin resistance? METHODS We performed a two-step euglycemic-hyperinsulinaemic clamp and measured plasma concentrations of fetuin-A and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), in 18 Pakistani and 21 Norwegians with T2DM (age 29-45y) in Norway. AT-IR was calculated as NEFA-suppression during the clamp. The adipokines/cytokines leptin, adiponectin, visfatin, PTX3, IL-1β, INF-γ, and IL-4 were measured in fasting plasma. Liver fat was estimated by CT-scans. RESULTS Despite a lower BMI, Pakistani patients displayed higher AT-IR than Norwegians. NEFA-suppression during clamp was lower in Pakistani than Norwegians (mean=-20.6%, 95%CI=[-40.8, -0.01] and p = 0.046). Plasma fetuin-A concentration was higher in Pakistani than Norwegians (43.4 ng/mL[12.7,74.0], p = 0.007) and correlated negatively to %NEFA-suppression during clamp (rho=-0.39, p = 0.039). Plasma fetuin-A concentration explained 22% of the ethnic difference in NEFA-suppression during the clamp. Pakistani patients exhibited higher plasma leptin and lower PTX3 levels than Norwegian, and plasma visfatin correlated positively to plasma fetuin-A levels in the Pakistani patients. We observed no correlation between plasma fetuin-A and liver fat, but fetuin-A correlated negatively with plasma IL-1β, INF-γ, and IL-4 concentrations. Plasma IL-4 concentration was lower in Pakistani than in Norwegian patients. CONCLUSION Fetuin-A may contribute to explain the discrepancy in T2DM prevalence between Pakistani and Norwegians patients by influencing AT-IR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thor Ueland
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Per M Thorsby
- Hormone Laboratory, Dep of Medical Biochemistry and Biochemical endocrinology and metabolism research group, Oslo University Hospital, Aker, Oslo, Norway
| | - Pål Aukrust
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Annika E Michelsen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bente Halvorsen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Christian A Drevon
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kåre I Birkeland
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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27
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ERα-Dependent Regulation of Adropin Predicts Sex Differences in Liver Homeostasis during High-Fat Diet. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14163262. [PMID: 36014766 PMCID: PMC9416503 DOI: 10.3390/nu14163262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) represents a public health issue, due to its prevalence and association with other cardiometabolic diseases. Growing evidence suggests that NAFLD alters the production of hepatokines, which, in turn, influence several metabolic processes. Despite accumulating evidence on the major role of estrogen signaling in the sexually dimorphic nature of NAFLD, dependency of hepatokine expression on sex and estrogens has been poorly investigated. Through in vitro and in vivo analysis, we determined the extent to which hepatokines, known to be altered in NAFLD, can be regulated, in a sex-specific fashion, under different hormonal and nutritional conditions. Our study identified four hepatokines that better recapitulate sex and estrogen dependency. Among them, adropin resulted as one that displays a sex-specific and estrogen receptor alpha (ERα)-dependent regulation in the liver of mice under an excess of dietary lipids (high-fat diet, HFD). Under HFD conditions, the hepatic induction of adropin negatively correlates with the expression of lipogenic genes and with fatty liver in female mice, an effect that depends upon hepatic ERα. Our findings support the idea that ERα-mediated induction of adropin might represent a potential approach to limit or prevent NAFLD.
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Vachher M, Bansal S, Kumar B, Yadav S, Arora T, Wali NM, Burman A. Contribution of organokines in the development of NAFLD/NASH associated hepatocellular carcinoma. J Cell Biochem 2022; 123:1553-1584. [PMID: 35818831 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Globally the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is on an upsurge. Evidence is accumulating that liver disorders like nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and its more progressive form nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) are associated with increased risk of developing HCC. NAFLD has a prevalence of about 25% and 50%-90% in obese population. With the growing burden of obesity epidemic worldwide, HCC presents a major healthcare burden. While cirrhosis is one of the major risk factors of HCC, available literature suggests that NAFLD/NASH associated HCC also develops in minimum or noncirrhotic livers. Therefore, there is an urgent need to understand the pathogenesis and risk factors associated with NAFLD and NASH related HCC that would help in early diagnosis and favorable prognosis of HCC secondary to NAFLD. Adipokines, hepatokines and myokines are factors secreted by adipocytes, hepatocytes and myocytes, respectively, playing essential roles in cellular homeostasis, energy balance and metabolism with autocrine, paracrine and endocrine effects. In this review, we endeavor to focus on the role of these organokines in the pathogenesis of NAFLD/NASH and its progression to HCC to augment the understanding of the factors stimulating hepatocytes to acquire a malignant phenotype. This shall aid in the development of novel therapeutic strategies and tools for early diagnosis of NAFLD/NASH and HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenakshi Vachher
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Home Economics, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Savita Bansal
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Home Economics, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Bhupender Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Home Economics, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Sandeep Yadav
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Home Economics, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Taruna Arora
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Home Economics, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Nalini Moza Wali
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Home Economics, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Archana Burman
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Home Economics, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
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Yan J, Nie Y, Liu Y, Li J, Wu L, Chen Z, He B. Yiqi-Bushen-Tiaozhi Recipe Attenuated High-Fat and High-Fructose Diet Induced Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis in Mice via Gut Microbiota. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:824597. [PMID: 35531334 PMCID: PMC9072834 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.824597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim To investigate the treating effect of Yiqi-Bushen-Tiaozhi (YBT) recipe on nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) mice, determine whether the outcome was associated with gut microbiota, and clarify the regulating mechanism. Methods NASH mice were induced by high-fat and high-fructose diets (HFFD). In the fifth week, mice in the YBT group were orally administrated YBT (22.12g·kg-1·d-1) daily for 12 weeks. Fresh stool of mice was collected at the 16th week for fecal 16S rDNA analysis. Hepatic pathology and biochemical indicators were used to reflect the improvement of YBT on hepatic inflammation and lipid metabolism in NASH mice. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to verify the results of PICRUSt analysis. Results Results of the pathological and biochemical index showed that YBT could improve NASH mice. Compared with improving inflammation and hepatocyte damage, YBT may be more focused on enhancing metabolic disorders in mice, such as increasing HDL-c level. The diversity and richness of the gut microbiota of NASH mice induced by HFFD are significantly different from the normal control (NC) group. After YBT treatment, the diversity and richness of the mice microbiota will be increased to similar NC mice. Intestinimonas, Acetatifactor, Alistipes, Intestinimonas, Acetatifactor, and Alistipes have the most significant changes in the class level. PICRUSt analysis was performed to predict genomic functions based on the 16S rDNA results and reference sequencing. The efficacy of YBT in the treatment of NASH can be achieved by regulating the diversity and richness of gut microbiota. PICRUSt analysis results showed that the most relevant function of the microbiota construction variations is α- Linolenic acid (ALA) metabolism. Results of qRT-PCR showed significant differences between groups in the expression of Fatty acid desaturase 1 (FADS1), Fatty acid desaturase 2 (FADS2), Acyl-CoA Oxidase 1 (ACOX1), and Acyl-CoA Oxidase 2 (ACOX2) related to ALA metabolism. The expression of the above genes will be inhibited in the liver and small intestine of the HFFD group mice, and the expression can be restored after YBT treatment. Conclusion YBT could treat NASH mice by improving the diversity and richness of gut microbiota and further the improvement of ALA metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junbin Yan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- The Second Central Laboratory, Key Lab of Integrative Chinese and Western Medicine for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Circulatory Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yunmeng Nie
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- The Second Central Laboratory, Key Lab of Integrative Chinese and Western Medicine for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Circulatory Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingya Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- The Second Central Laboratory, Key Lab of Integrative Chinese and Western Medicine for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Circulatory Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liyan Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhiyun Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- The Second Central Laboratory, Key Lab of Integrative Chinese and Western Medicine for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Circulatory Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Beihui He
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- The Second Central Laboratory, Key Lab of Integrative Chinese and Western Medicine for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Circulatory Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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Tysoe O. Follistatin linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus risk. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2022; 18:69. [PMID: 34848873 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-021-00615-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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López-Bermudo L, Luque-Sierra A, Maya-Miles D, Gallego-Durán R, Ampuero J, Romero-Gómez M, Berná G, Martín F. Contribution of Liver and Pancreatic Islet Crosstalk to β-Cell Function/Dysfunction in the Presence of Fatty Liver. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:892672. [PMID: 35651973 PMCID: PMC9148952 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.892672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue-to-tissue crosstalk regulates organ function, according to growing data. This phenomenon is relevant for pancreatic β-cells and the liver, as both tissues are involved in glucose homeostasis and lipid metabolism. The ability to fine-tune regulation and adaptive responses is enabled through communication between pancreatic β-cells and the liver. However, the crosstalk between both tissues changes when metabolic dysregulation is present. Factors and cargo from extracellular vesicles (EVs) released by liver and pancreatic β-cells that reach the circulation form the words of this interaction. The molecules released by the liver are called hepatokines and are usually secreted in response to the metabolic state. When hepatokines reach the pancreatic islets several mechanisms are initiated for their protection or damage. In the case of the crosstalk between pancreatic β-cells and the liver, only one factor has been found to date. This protein, pancreatic derived factor (PANDER) has been proposed as a novel linker between insulin resistance (IR) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) and could be considered a biomarker for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and T2D. Furthermore, the cargo released by EVs, mainly miRNAs, plays a significant role in this crosstalk. A better knowledge of the crosstalk between liver and pancreatic β-cells is essential to understand both diseases and it could lead to better prevention and new therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía López-Bermudo
- Andalusian Center of Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CABIMER), University Pablo Olavide, University of Seville, CSIC, Seville, Spain
- Biomedical Research Network on Diabetes and Related Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Amparo Luque-Sierra
- Andalusian Center of Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CABIMER), University Pablo Olavide, University of Seville, CSIC, Seville, Spain
| | - Douglas Maya-Miles
- Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío de Sevilla, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
- Biomedical Research Network on Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBEREHD), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rocío Gallego-Durán
- Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío de Sevilla, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
- Biomedical Research Network on Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBEREHD), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Ampuero
- Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío de Sevilla, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
- Biomedical Research Network on Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBEREHD), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Romero-Gómez
- Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío de Sevilla, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
- Biomedical Research Network on Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBEREHD), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Genoveva Berná
- Andalusian Center of Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CABIMER), University Pablo Olavide, University of Seville, CSIC, Seville, Spain
- Biomedical Research Network on Diabetes and Related Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Franz Martín, ; Genoveva Berná,
| | - Franz Martín
- Andalusian Center of Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CABIMER), University Pablo Olavide, University of Seville, CSIC, Seville, Spain
- Biomedical Research Network on Diabetes and Related Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Franz Martín, ; Genoveva Berná,
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Tong J, Cong L, Jia Y, He BL, Guo Y, He J, Li D, Zou B, Li J. Follistatin Alleviates Hepatic Steatosis in NAFLD via the mTOR Dependent Pathway. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2022; 15:3285-3301. [PMID: 36325432 PMCID: PMC9621035 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s380053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of follistatin (FST) on hepatic steatosis in NAFLD and the underlying mechanism, which has rarely been reported before. METHODS Liver samples from NAFLD patients and normal liver samples (from liver donors) were collected to investigate hepatic FST expression in humans. Additionally, human liver cells (LO2) were treated with free fatty acid (FFA) to induce lipid accumulation. Furthermore, lentivirus with FST overexpression or knockdown vectors were used to generate stable cell lines, which were subsequently treated with FFA or FFA and rapamycin. In the animal experiments, male C57BL/6J mice were fed with a high-fat diet (HFD) to induce NAFLD, after which the adeno-associated virus (AAV) gene vectors for FST overexpression were administered. In both cell culture and mice, we evaluated morphological changes and the protein expression of sterol regulatory element-binding protein1 (SREBP1), acetyl-CoA carboxylase1 (ACC1), carbohydrate-responsive element-binding protein (ChREBP), fatty acid synthase (FASN), and Akt/mTOR signaling. The body weight and serum parameters of the mice were also measured. RESULTS Hepatic FST expression level was higher in NAFLD patients compared to normal samples. In LO2 cells, FST overexpression alleviated lipid accumulation and lipogenesis, whereas FST knockdown aggravated hepatic steatosis. FST could regulate Akt/mTOR signaling, and the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin abolished the effect of FST knockdown on hepatic de novo lipogenesis (DNL). Furthermore, FST expression was increased in HFD mice compared to the corresponding controls. FST overexpression in mice reduced body weight gain, hyperlipidemia, hepatic DNL, and suppressed Akt/mTOR signaling. CONCLUSION Hepatic FST expression increases in NAFLD and plays a protective role in hepatic steatosis. FST overexpression gene therapy alleviates hepatic steatosis via the mTOR pathway.Therefore, gene therapy for FST is a promising treatment in NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junlu Tong
- Department of Endocrinology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Cong
- Department of Endocrinology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yingbin Jia
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bai-Liang He
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yifan Guo
- Department of Endocrinology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianzhong He
- Department of Pathology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Decheng Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Baojia Zou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Jian Li; Baojia Zou, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86-756-252-8781, Email ;
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