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Bostancıklıoğlu M, İğci M, Ulaşlı M. Nigella sativa, Anthemis hyaline and Citrus sinensis extracts reduce SARS-CoV-2 replication by fluctuating Rho GTPase, PI3K-AKT, and MAPK/ERK pathways in HeLa-CEACAM1a cells. Gene 2024; 911:148366. [PMID: 38485035 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Traditional remedies have long utilized Anthemis hyaline, Nigella sativa, and Citrus sinensis peel extracts as treatments for microbial infections. This study aimed to investigate the influence of Anthemis hyaline, Nigella sativa, and Citrus sinensis extracts on coronavirus replication and apoptosis-related pathways. HeLa-CEACAM1a cells were exposed to mouse hepatitis virus-A59. After viral inoculation, the mRNA levels of 36 genes were quantified using a Fluidigm Dynamic Array nanofluidic chip. IL-8 level and intracellular Ca2+ concentration was measured, and viral titer was assessed by the TCID50/ml assay to detect the extent of infection. Treatment with Nigella sativa extract surged the inflammatory cytokine IL-8 level at both 24 and 48-hour. Changes in gene expression were notable for RHOA, VAV3, ROCK2, CFL1, RASA1, and MPRIP genes following treatment with any of the extracts. The addition of Anthemis hyaline, Nigella sativa, or Citrus sinensis extracts to coronavirus-infected cells reduced viral presence, with Anthemis hyaline extract leading to a virtually undetectable viral load at 6- and 8-hours after infection. While all treatments influenced IL-8 production and viral levels, Anthemis hyaline extract displayed the most pronounced reduction in viral load. Consequently, Anthemis hyaline extract emerges as the most promising agent, harboring potential therapeutic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Bostancıklıoğlu
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Gaziantep University, 27310 Gaziantep, Turkey; Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Pole of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mehri İğci
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Gaziantep University, 27310 Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Ulaşlı
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Gaziantep University, 27310 Gaziantep, Turkey.
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Hassoun N, Basu K, Gostin L. Pandemic preparedness and response: a new mechanism for expanding access to essential countermeasures. HEALTH ECONOMICS, POLICY, AND LAW 2024:1-24. [PMID: 38817149 DOI: 10.1017/s1744133124000094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
As the world comes together through the WHO design and consultation process on a new medical counter-measures platform, we propose an enhanced APT-A (Access to Pandemic Tools Accelerator) that builds on the previous architecture but includes two new pillars - one for economic assistance and another to combat structural inequalities for future pandemic preparedness and response. As part of the APT-A, and in light of the Independent Panel on Pandemic Preparation & Response's call for an enhanced end-to-end platform for access to essential health technologies, we propose a new mechanism that we call the Pandemic Open Technology Access Accelerator (POTAX) that can be implemented through the medical countermeasures platform and the pandemic accord currently under negotiation through the World Health Assembly and supported by the High-Level Meeting review on Pandemic Prevention, Preparedness, and Response at the United Nations. This mechanism will provide (1) conditional financing for new vaccines and other essential health technologies requiring companies to vest licenses in POTAX and pool intellectual property and other data necessary to allow equitable access to the resulting technologies. It will also (2) support collective procurement as well as measures to ensure equitable distribution and uptake of these technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Hassoun
- Helsinki Collegium for Advanced Studies, University of Helsinki, Fabianinkatu 24 00100 Helsinki, Finland
- Binghamton University, 4400 Vestal Parkway East, Box 6000, Binghamton, NY 13902-6000, USA
| | - Kaushik Basu
- Department of Economics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
- Brookings Institution, Washington, DC 20036, USA
| | - Lawrence Gostin
- O'Neill Institute for National and Global Health Law, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
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Odunyemi A, Sohrabi H, Alam K. The evolution of household forgone essential care and its determinants during the COVID-19 pandemic in Nigeria: A longitudinal analysis. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0296301. [PMID: 38564649 PMCID: PMC10986961 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0296301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Apart from the morbidity and mortality, the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has increased the predisposition of households in Nigeria to forgone care, thereby increasing their vulnerability to adverse health consequences. Since there is no previous study in Nigeria on the evolution of pandemic-related forgone care and its drivers, our study assess the evolution of the problem using descriptive and nationally representative panel data analyses. We found about a 30% prevalence of forgone care during the lockdown, which declined progressively afterwards, dropping by 69.50 percentage points between April 2020 and April 2022. This decline produced a surge in households needing care from about 35.00% in the early pandemic to greater than 50%, beginning in early 2021. The forgone care was primarily due to financial hindrances, movement restrictions, and supply-side disruptions. Household socioeconomic factors such as income loss had 2.74 [95%CI: 1.45-5.17] times higher odds of forgone care, job loss, food insecurity, and poverty were 87% (OR: 1.87 [95%CI: 1.25-2.79]), 60% (OR: 1.60 [95%CI: 1.12-2.31]) and 76% (OR: 1.76 [95%CI: 1.12-2.75]) more likely to predispose households to forgone care, respectively. Also, geographical location, such as the South-South zone, induced 1.98 [95%CI: 1.09-3.58] times higher odds of forgone care than North-Central. A married female household head increased the odds by 6.07 [95%CI: 1.72-21.47] times compared with an unmarried female head. However, having a married household head, social assistance, and North-East or North-West zone compared with North-Central increased the chance of accessing care by 69% (OR 0.31 [95%CI: 0.16-0.59]), 59%,(OR 0.41 [95%CI: 0.21-0.77]), 72% (OR 0.28 [95%CI: 0.15-0.53]) and 64% (OR 0.36 [95%CI: 0.20-0.65]), respectively. Non-communicable diseases, disability, old age, large household size and rural-urban location did not affect the forgone care. Our study highlights the need to strengthen Nigeria's health system, create policies to promote healthcare accessibility and prepare the country for future pandemic challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adelakun Odunyemi
- Murdoch Business School, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia
- Hospitals’ Management Board, Alagbaka Estate, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria
| | - Hamid Sohrabi
- Centre for Healthy Ageing, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia
| | - Khurshid Alam
- Centre for Healthy Ageing, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia
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Asakitogum DA, Nutor JJ, Thompson RGA, Alhassan RK, Gyamerah AO. Impact of COVID-19 on people living with HIV and HIV care: A qualitative study in the Volta Region of Ghana. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 4:e0003017. [PMID: 38489328 PMCID: PMC10942089 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0003017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic caused significant social changes and challenges globally, including economic slowdown and limitation of essential services. Our study explored the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the HIV treatment experiences and lives of people living with HIV in Ghana. Between October 2021 and January 2022, we conducted four focus group discussions with 24 people living with HIV and six in-depth interviews with healthcare providers to understand the impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on their lives and HIV treatment and care. Transcribed interviews were analyzed using thematic analysis. The COVID-19 pandemic most impacted people living with HIV economically and psychosocially. Economic challenges included loss of income/economic support, financial hardship, and material insecurities. The psychosocial impact included fear of the health impact of COVID-19 on people living with HIV and social isolation. The pandemic also impacted participants' HIV treatment and care services including change in their site of care and non-adherence to antiretroviral therapy. Clinics in particular modified HIV care services to maintain treatment and care during the pandemic. Healthcare providers also implemented direct antiretroviral therapy service delivery to clients, which reduced patient overcrowding but increased providers' workload and expenses. The COVID-19 pandemic caused economic hardship, social isolation, and changes in HIV treatment and care services for people living with HIV. It also imposed a work and financial burden on healthcare providers. However, service changes made by providers helped sustain HIV care and treatment for clients and should inform future pandemic responses in HIV services.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Ayangba Asakitogum
- Department of Family Health Care Nursing, School of Nursing, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Jerry John Nutor
- Department of Family Health Care Nursing, School of Nursing, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Rachel G. A. Thompson
- Language Center, College of Humanities, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
- Africa Interdisciplinary Research Institute, Accra, Ghana
| | - Robert K. Alhassan
- Centre for Health Policy and Implementation Research, Institute of Health Research, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
| | - Akua O. Gyamerah
- Department of Community Health and Health Behavior, University of Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
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Moloney K, Lamprea Montealegre JA, Busch Isaksen TM, Kennedy M, Archer M, Contreras C, Iyaz D, Randazza J, Silva J, Errett NA. Assessing community-level impacts of and responses to stay at home orders: The King County COVID-19 community study. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0296851. [PMID: 38330074 PMCID: PMC10852336 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0296851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND At the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) of unprecedented scope and duration were implemented to limit community spread of COVID-19. There remains limited evidence about how these measures impacted the lived experience of affected communities. This study captured the early impacts and coping strategies implemented in King County, Washington, one of the first U.S. communities impacted by COVID-19. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional web-based survey of 793 English- and Spanish-speaking adult King County residents from March 18, 2020 -May 30, 2020, using voluntary response sampling. The survey included close- and open-ended questions on participant demographics, wellbeing, protective actions, and COVID-19-related concerns, including a freeform narrative response to describe the pandemic's individual-, family- and community-level impacts and associated coping strategies. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze close-ended questions, and qualitative content analysis methods were used to analyze free-form narrative responses. RESULTS The median age of participants was 45 years old, and 74% were female, 82% were White, and 6% were Hispanic/Latinx; 474 (60%) provided a qualitative narrative. Quantitative findings demonstrated that higher percentages of participants engaged in most types of COVID-19 protective behaviors after the stay-at-home order was implemented and schools and community spaces were closed, relative to before, and that participants tended to report greater concern about the pandemic's physical health or healthcare access impacts than the financial or social impacts. Qualitative data analysis described employment or financial impacts (56%) and vitality coping strategies (65%), intended to support health or positive functioning. CONCLUSIONS This study documented early impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic and the NPIs implemented in response, as well as strategies employed to cope with those impacts, which can inform early-stage policy formation and intervention strategies to mitigate the negative impacts. Future research should explore the endurance and evolution of the early impacts and coping strategies throughout the multiyear pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen Moloney
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Julio A. Lamprea Montealegre
- Division of Cardiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Tania M. Busch Isaksen
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Mallory Kennedy
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Megan Archer
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- College of Built Environments, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Carlos Contreras
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Daaniya Iyaz
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Juliette Randazza
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Evans School of Public Policy and Governance, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Javier Silva
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Nicole A. Errett
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Health Systems and Population Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
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Ncheka JM, Menon JA, Davies EB, Paul R, Mwaba SOC, Mudenda J, Wharrad H, Tak H, Glazebrook C. Implementing internet-based cognitive behavioural therapy (moodgym) for African students with symptoms of low mood during the COVID-19 pandemic: a qualitative feasibilty study. BMC Psychiatry 2024; 24:92. [PMID: 38302998 PMCID: PMC10835970 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-024-05542-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Online therapies have been shown to be effective in improving students' mental health. They are cost-effective and therefore have particular advantages in low-income countries like Zambia where mental health resources are limited. This study aimed to explore the perceived impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and the feasibility of implementing an Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (iCBT) intervention ('moodgym') to improve resilience in vulnerable Zambian students. METHODS The study was a qualitative interview study. Participants identifying as having symptoms of low mood and completing a baseline, online survey (n = 620) had the option to volunteer for a semi-structured interview to explore views about their experience of the pandemic and the acceptability and perceived benefits and limitations of using moodgym. RESULTS A total of 50 students (n = 24 female, n = 26 male) participated in the study. One theme with 4 sub-themes, captured the severe emotional and social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. A second, very strong theme, with 5 sub-themes, reflected the considerable negative effects of the pandemic on the students' educational experience. This included the challenges of online learning. The third theme, with three subthemes, captured the benefits and acceptability of moodgym, particularly in terms of understanding the relationship between thoughts and feelings and improving academic performance. The fourth theme described the technical difficulties experienced by students in attempting to use moodgym. CONCLUSION COVID-19 caused fear and impacted wellbeing in vulnerable students and severely impaired the quality of students' educational experience. The findings suggest that moodgym might be a valuable support to students in a low-income country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyce M Ncheka
- School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - J Anitha Menon
- School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Department of Psychology, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
- School of Liberal Studies, University of Petroleum and Energy Sciences, Dehradun, India
- Rochester Institute of Technology, Liberal Arts Department, Dubai, UAE
| | - E Bethan Davies
- Institute of Mental Health, School of Medicine, NIHR MindTech MedTech Co-operative, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, School of Medicine, Institute of Mental Health, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Ravi Paul
- School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Sidney O C Mwaba
- School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Department of Psychology, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | | | - Heather Wharrad
- School of Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Harsa Tak
- Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, School of Medicine, Institute of Mental Health, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Cris Glazebrook
- Institute of Mental Health, School of Medicine, NIHR MindTech MedTech Co-operative, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
- Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, School of Medicine, Institute of Mental Health, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
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Hunter DD, Campbell RL, Mullan AF, Anderson JR, Homme JL. Relationship between individual and country-level socio-economic background, USMLE step scores, and demographics of international medical graduates and residency match results. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2024; 24:108. [PMID: 38303066 PMCID: PMC10835816 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-024-05052-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Twenty five percent of practicing physicians in the US are International Medical Graduates (IMGs) - physicians who completed their medical school training outside of the United States and Canada. There are multiple studies demonstrating higher socio-economic background is associated with medical school matriculation in the US. However, despite a substantial prevalence of IMGs in the American healthcare system, studies of the association between demographics, socio-economic background, and securing a residency position in the match are lacking. METHODS We created a survey with questions on residency match-related data and information on personal socio-economic background. An invitation to participate in the study was sent to all IMGs that applied to the included residency programs after the conclusion of the 2022 residency match. We used multivariable logistic regression to compare survey responses to the odds of securing a residency match. RESULTS The total number of survey respondents was 744 (response rate 15.1%). We found that younger age, higher United States Medical License Examination (USMLE) scores, higher-income country of origin (including the United States), fewer match attempts, applying to fewer specialties, having parents with college degree or higher, and coming from higher-than-average or lower-than-average family income were independently associated with increased odds of matching. Gender, personal income, and visa status did not demonstrate significant associations with residency match. CONCLUSIONS Residency match is a significant expense for IMGs, especially for those from lower-income countries. International applicants from higher socio-economic backgrounds might have advantages in securing medical residency positions in the United States when controlling for other variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria D Hunter
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Generose G-410, 200 2nd Stree, t, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
| | - Ronna L Campbell
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Generose G-410, 200 2nd Stree, t, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Aidan F Mullan
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Division of Clinical Trials and Biostatistics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Joel R Anderson
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Generose G-410, 200 2nd Stree, t, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - James L Homme
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Generose G-410, 200 2nd Stree, t, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
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Nakhaee M, Khandehroo M, Esmaeili R. Cost of illness studies in COVID-19: a scoping review. COST EFFECTIVENESS AND RESOURCE ALLOCATION 2024; 22:3. [PMID: 38238797 PMCID: PMC10797972 DOI: 10.1186/s12962-024-00514-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human communities suffered a vast socioeconomic burden in dealing with the pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) globally. Real-word data about these burdens can inform governments about evidence-based resource allocation and prioritization. The aim of this scoping review was to map the cost-of-illness (CoI) studies associated with COVID-19. METHODS This scoping review was conducted from January 2019 to December 2021. We searched cost-of-illness papers published in English within Web of Sciences, PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, Science Direct and ProQuest. For each eligible study, extracted data included country, publication year, study period, study design, epidemiological approach, costing method, cost type, cost identification, sensitivity analysis, estimated unit cost and national burden. All of the analyses were applied in Excel software. RESULTS 2352 records were found after the search strategy application, finally 28 articles met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review. Most of the studies were done in the United States, Turkey, and China. The prevalence-based approach was the most common in the studies, and most of studies also used Hospital Information System data (HIS). There were noticeable differences in the costing methods and the cost identification. The average cost of hospitalization per patient per day ranged from 101$ in Turkey to 2,364$ in the United States. Among the studies, 82.1% estimated particularly direct medical costs, 3.6% only indirect costs, and 14.3% both direct and indirect costs. CONCLUSION The economic burden of COVID-19 varies from country to country. The majority of CoI studies estimated direct medical costs associated with COVID-19 and there is a paucity of evidence for direct non-medical, indirect, and intangible costs, which we recommend for future studies. To create homogeneity in CoI studies, we suggest researchers follow a conceptual framework and critical appraisal checklist of cost-of-illness (CoI) studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Nakhaee
- Social Development and Health Promotion Research Center, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
| | - Masoud Khandehroo
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Social Development and Health Promotion Research Center, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
| | - Reza Esmaeili
- Department of Public Health, School of Health, Social Development and Health Promotion Research Center, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Imam Khomeini Avenue, Gonabad, Khorasan, 9691793718, Iran.
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Samsudin EZ, Yasin SM, Ruslan NH, Abdullah NN, Noor AFA, Hair AFA. Socioeconomic impacts of airborne and droplet-borne infectious diseases on industries: a systematic review. BMC Infect Dis 2024; 24:93. [PMID: 38229063 PMCID: PMC10792877 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-024-08993-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent pandemics have had far-reaching effects on the world's largest economies and amplified the need to estimate the full extent and range of socioeconomic impacts of infectious diseases outbreaks on multi-sectoral industries. This systematic review aims to evaluate the socioeconomic impacts of airborne and droplet-borne infectious diseases outbreaks on industries. METHODS A structured, systematic review was performed according to the PRISMA guidelines. Databases of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, IDEAS/REPEC, OSHLINE, HSELINE, and NIOSHTIC-2 were reviewed. Study quality appraisal was performed using the Table of Evidence Levels from Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Joanna Briggs Institute tools, Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool, and Center of Evidence Based Management case study critical appraisal checklist. Quantitative analysis was not attempted due to the heterogeneity of included studies. A qualitative synthesis of primary studies examining socioeconomic impact of airborne and droplet-borne infectious diseases outbreaks in any industry was performed and a framework based on empirical findings was conceptualized. RESULTS A total of 55 studies conducted from 1984 to 2021 were included, reporting on 46,813,038 participants working in multiple industries across the globe. The quality of articles were good. On the whole, direct socioeconomic impacts of Coronavirus Disease 2019, influenza, influenza A (H1N1), Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome, tuberculosis and norovirus outbreaks include increased morbidity, mortality, and health costs. This had then led to indirect impacts including social impacts such as employment crises and reduced workforce size as well as economic impacts such as demand shock, supply chain disruptions, increased supply and production cost, service and business disruptions, and financial and Gross Domestic Product loss, attributable to productivity losses from illnesses as well as national policy responses to contain the diseases. CONCLUSIONS Evidence suggests that airborne and droplet-borne infectious diseases have inflicted severe socioeconomic costs on regional and global industries. Further research is needed to better understand their long-term socioeconomic impacts to support improved industry preparedness and response capacity for outbreaks. Public and private stakeholders at local, national, and international levels must join forces to ensure informed systems and sector-specific cost-sharing strategies for optimal global health and economic security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ely Zarina Samsudin
- Department of Public Health Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh, Malaysia
| | - Siti Munira Yasin
- Department of Public Health Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh, Malaysia.
| | - Nur-Hasanah Ruslan
- Faculty of Sports Science and Recreation, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Malaysia
| | - Nik Nairan Abdullah
- Department of Public Health Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Faiz Azhari Noor
- Occupational Health Division, Department of Occupational Safety and Health, Putrajaya, Malaysia
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Forero-Peña DA, Carrión-Nessi FS, Forero-Peña JL, Camejo-Ávila NA, Mendoza-Millán DL, Omaña-Ávila ÓD, Maricuto AL, Velásquez VL, Mejía-Bernard MD, Rodriguez-Saavedra CM, Marcano-Rojas MV, Contreras Y, Guerra LJ, Alvarado MF, Carballo M, Caldera J, Guevara RN, Redondo MC, Landaeta ME. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on people living with HIV: a cross-sectional study in Caracas, Venezuela. BMC Infect Dis 2024; 24:87. [PMID: 38225550 PMCID: PMC10789023 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-08967-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has disrupted multiple health services, including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing, care, and treatment services, jeopardizing the achievement of the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS 90-90-90 global target. While there are limited studies assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on people living with HIV (PLHIV) in Latin America, there are none, to our knowledge, in Venezuela. This study aims to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic among PLHIV seen at the outpatient clinic of a reference hospital in Venezuela. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study among PLHIV aged 18 years and over seen at the Infectious Diseases Department of the University Hospital of Caracas, Venezuela between March 2021 and February 2022. RESULTS A total of 238 PLHIV were included in the study. The median age was 43 (IQR 31-55) years, and the majority were male (68.9%). Most patients (88.2%, n = 210) came for routine check-ups, while 28 (11.3%) were newly diagnosed. The majority of patients (96.1%) were on antiretroviral therapy (ART), but only 67.8% had a viral load test, with almost all (95.6%) being undetectable. Among those who attended regular appointments, 11.9% reported missing at least one medical consultation, and 3.3% reported an interruption in their ART refill. More than half of the patients (55.5%) had received at least one dose of the COVID-19 vaccine, while the rest expressed hesitancy to get vaccinated. Most patients with COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy were male (65.1%), younger than 44 years (57.5%), employed (47.2%), and had been diagnosed with HIV for less than one year (33%). However, no statistically significant differences were found between vaccinated patients and those with COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. Older age was a risk factor for missing consultations, while not having an alcoholic habit was identified as a protective factor against missing consultations. CONCLUSION This study found that the COVID-19 pandemic had a limited impact on adherence to medical consultations and interruptions in ART among PLHIV seen at the University Hospital of Caracas, Venezuela.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Forero-Peña
- Biomedical Research and Therapeutic Vaccines Institute, Ciudad Bolivar, Venezuela.
- Infectious Diseases Department, University Hospital of Caracas, Caracas, Venezuela.
- "Luis Razetti" School of Medicine, Central University of Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela.
| | - Fhabián S Carrión-Nessi
- Biomedical Research and Therapeutic Vaccines Institute, Ciudad Bolivar, Venezuela.
- "Luis Razetti" School of Medicine, Central University of Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela.
| | - José L Forero-Peña
- Biomedical Research and Therapeutic Vaccines Institute, Ciudad Bolivar, Venezuela
| | | | - Daniela L Mendoza-Millán
- Biomedical Research and Therapeutic Vaccines Institute, Ciudad Bolivar, Venezuela
- "Luis Razetti" School of Medicine, Central University of Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Óscar D Omaña-Ávila
- Biomedical Research and Therapeutic Vaccines Institute, Ciudad Bolivar, Venezuela
- "Luis Razetti" School of Medicine, Central University of Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Andrea L Maricuto
- Biomedical Research and Therapeutic Vaccines Institute, Ciudad Bolivar, Venezuela
- Infectious Diseases Department, University Hospital of Caracas, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Viledy L Velásquez
- Infectious Diseases Department, University Hospital of Caracas, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Mario D Mejía-Bernard
- Biomedical Research and Therapeutic Vaccines Institute, Ciudad Bolivar, Venezuela
- "Luis Razetti" School of Medicine, Central University of Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
| | | | | | - Yoesmir Contreras
- Biomedical Research and Therapeutic Vaccines Institute, Ciudad Bolivar, Venezuela
| | - Luis J Guerra
- Infectious Diseases Department, University Hospital of Caracas, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - María F Alvarado
- Infectious Diseases Department, University Hospital of Caracas, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Martín Carballo
- Infectious Diseases Department, University Hospital of Caracas, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Jocays Caldera
- Infectious Diseases Department, University Hospital of Caracas, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Rafael N Guevara
- Infectious Diseases Department, University Hospital of Caracas, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - María C Redondo
- Infectious Diseases Department, University Hospital of Caracas, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - María E Landaeta
- Infectious Diseases Department, University Hospital of Caracas, Caracas, Venezuela
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11
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Anderson E, Lybbert TJ, Shenoy A, Singh R, Stein D. Does survey mode matter? Comparing in-person and phone agricultural surveys in India. JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS 2024; 166:103199. [PMID: 38164439 PMCID: PMC10729321 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdeveco.2023.103199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Ubiquitous mobile phone ownership makes phone surveying an attractive method of low-cost data collection. We explore differences between in-person and phone survey measures of agricultural production collected for an impact evaluation in India. Phone responses have greater mean and variance, a difference that persists even within a subset of respondents that answered the same question over both modes. Treatment effect estimation remains stable across survey mode, but estimates are less precise when using phone data. These patterns are informative for cost and sample size considerations in study design and for aggregating evidence across study sites or time periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Anderson
- University of California, Davis, United States of America
| | | | - Ashish Shenoy
- University of California, Davis, United States of America
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12
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Lambrecht I, van Asselt J, Headey D, Minten B, Meza P, Sabai M, Sun TS, Win HE. Can phone surveys be representative in low- and middle-income countries? An application to Myanmar. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0296292. [PMID: 38134041 PMCID: PMC10745169 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0296292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
For decades, in-person data collection has been the standard modality for nationally and sub-nationally representative socio-economic survey data in low- and middle-income countries. As the COVID-19 pandemic rendered in-person surveys impossible and unethical, the urgent need for rapid monitoring necessitated researchers and statistical agencies to turn to phone surveys. However, apart from pandemic-related factors, a variety of other reasons can render large segments of a population inaccessible for in-person surveys, including political instability, climatic shocks, and remoteness. Such circumstances currently prevail in Myanmar, a country facing civil conflict and political instability since the February 2021 military takeover. Moreover, Myanmar routinely experiences extreme weather events and is characterized by numerous inaccessible and remote regions due to its mountainous geography. We describe a novel approach to sample design and statistical weighting that has been successfully applied in Myanmar to obtain nationally and sub-nationally representative phone survey data. We use quota sampling and entropy weighting to obtain a better geographical distribution compared to recent in-person survey efforts, including reaching respondents in areas of active conflict. Moreover, we minimize biases towards certain household and respondent characteristics that are usually present in phone surveys, for example towards well-educated or wealthy households, or towards men or household heads as respondents. Finally, due to the rapidly changing political and economic situation in Myanmar in 2022, the need for frequent and swift monitoring was critical. We carried out our phone survey over four quarters in 2022, interviewing more than 12,000 respondents in less than three months each survey. A survey of this scale and pace, though generally of much shorter duration than in-person interviews, could only be possible on the phone. Our study proves the feasibility of collecting nationally and sub nationally representative phone survey data using a non-representative sample frame, which is critical for rapid monitoring in any volatile economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Lambrecht
- Development Strategy and Governance Division, International Food Policy Research Institute, Dushanbe, Tajikistan
| | - Joanna van Asselt
- Development Strategy and Governance Division, International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Derek Headey
- Development Strategy and Governance Division, International Food Policy Research Institute, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Bart Minten
- Development Strategy and Governance Division, International Food Policy Research Institute, Vientiane, Laos
| | | | - Moe Sabai
- Development Strategy and Governance Division, International Food Policy Research Institute, Yangon, Myanmar
| | | | - Hnin Ei Win
- Development Strategy and Governance Division, International Food Policy Research Institute, Yangon, Myanmar
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13
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Zhang Q, Yang J, Niu T, Wen KH, Hong X, Wu Y, Wang M. Analysis of the evolving factors of social media users' emotions and behaviors: a longitudinal study from China's COVID-19 opening policy period. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:2230. [PMID: 37957635 PMCID: PMC10642066 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-17160-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has triggered citizen panic and social crises worldwide. The Chinese government was the first to implement strict prevention and control policies. However, in December 2022, the Chinese government suddenly changed its prevention and control policies and completely opened up. This led to a large-scale infection of the epidemic in a short period of time, which will cause unknown social impacts. This study collected 500+ epidemic-related hotspots and 200,000+ data from November 1, 2022, to March 1, 2023. Using a sentiment classification method based on pre-trained neural network models, we conducted inductive analysis and a summary of high-frequency words of various emotions. This study focuses on the inflection point of the emotional evolution of social media users and the evolution of "hot topic searches" events and emotional behavioral factors after the sudden open policy. Our research results show that, first of all, the positive emotions of social media users are divided into 4 inflection points and 5 time periods, and the negative emotions are divided into 3 inflection points and 4 time periods. Behavioral factors are different at each stage of each emotion. And the evolution patterns of positive emotions and negative emotions are also different. Secondly, the evolution of behavioral elements deserves more attention. Continue to pay attention: The treatment of diseases, the recovery of personal health, the promotion of festive atmosphere, and the reduction of publicity on the harm of "new crown sequelae and second infections" are the behavioral concerns that affect users' emotional changes. Finally, it is necessary to change the "hot topic searches" event by guiding the user's behavioral focus to control the inflection point of the user's emotion. This study helps governments and institutions understand the dynamic impact of epidemic policy changes on social media users, thereby promoting policy formulation and better coping with social crises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaohe Zhang
- Academy of Fine Arts, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, 235000, China
| | - Jinhua Yang
- College of Humanities, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200000, China
| | - Tianyue Niu
- Academy of Arts & Design, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 10003, China
| | - Kuo-Hsun Wen
- School of Design, Fujian University of Technology, Fuzhou, 350118, China
| | - Xinhui Hong
- Xiamen Academy of Arts and Design, Fuzhou University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - YuChen Wu
- College of Humanities and Arts, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, 999078, China
| | - Min Wang
- School of Design, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
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14
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Caldera A, Wickremasinghe R, Newby G, Perera R, Mendis K, Fernando D. Initial response to SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) outbreak in Sri Lanka; views of public health specialists through an International Health Regulations lens. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0293521. [PMID: 37948434 PMCID: PMC10637679 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0293521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic affected Sri Lanka despite having developed an International Health Regulations (IHR) steering committee in 2016 and a national action plan for health security following the Joint External Evaluation in 2018. Many steps were taken to improve the disaster management skills of healthcare workers even before the COVID-19 outbreak. We interviewed seven public health specialists to obtain their views on the country's response to the pandemic. A thematic analysis was conducted, leading to the emergence of three major themes and seven subthemes. The major themes included health security preparedness; COVID-19 management; and effects of COVID-19. The subthemes were; preparedness prior to pandemic and gaps in the preparedness (under health security preparedness); dual burden for the curative sector, strategies to reduce transmission and barriers to managing COVID-19 (under COVID-19 management) and negative and positive effects of COVID-19 (under effects of COVID-19). When COVID-19 reached Sri Lanka, healthcare workers, border control authorities and those involved with infectious disease control were overwhelmed by the magnitude of the pandemic. Healthcare workers' hesitation to work amidst the pandemic due to fear of infection and possible transmission of infection to their families was a major issue; the demand for personal protective equipment by health workers when stocks were low was also a contributory factor. Lockdowns with curfew and quarantine at government regulated centers were implemented as necessary. Perceptions of the public including permitting healthcare workers to perform field public health services, logistical barriers and lack of human resources were a few of the barriers that were expressed. Some persons did not declare their symptoms, fearing that they would have to be quarantined. The pandemic severely affected the economy and Sri Lanka relied on donations and loans to overcome the situation. Pandemic also brought about innovative methods to maintain and upgrade health service provision. Individuals with non-communicable diseases received their regular medications through the post which reduced their risk of being infected by visiting hospitals. Improvement of laboratory services and quarantine services, a reduction of acute respiratory infections and diarrhoeal diseases, improved intersectoral coordination and public philanthropic response were other positive effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandhi Caldera
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Kelaniya, Sri Lanka
| | - Rajitha Wickremasinghe
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Kelaniya, Sri Lanka
| | - Gretchen Newby
- Malaria Elimination Initiative, Institute for Global Health Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Ruwanthi Perera
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Kelaniya, Sri Lanka
| | - Kamini Mendis
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Deepika Fernando
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
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15
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Acharya A, Surbaugh K, Thurman M, Wickramaratne C, Myers P, Mittal R, Pandey K, Klug E, Stein SJ, Ravnholdt AR, Herrera VL, Rivera DN, Williams P, Santarpia JL, Kaushik A, Dhau JS, Byrareddy SN. Efficient trapping and destruction of SARS-CoV-2 using PECO-assisted Molekule air purifiers in the laboratory and real-world settings. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 264:115487. [PMID: 37729804 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is transmitted human-to-human via aerosols and air-borne droplets. Therefore, capturing and destroying viruses from indoor premises are essential to reduce the probability of human exposure and virus transmission. While the heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems help in reducing the indoor viral load, a targeted approach is required to effectively remove SARS-CoV-2 from indoor air to address human exposure concerns. The present study demonstrates efficient trapping and destruction of SARS-CoV-2 via nano-enabled filter technology using the UV-A-stimulated photoelectrochemical oxidation (PECO) process. Aerosols containing SARS-CoV-2 were generated by nebulization inside an air-controlled test chamber where an air purifier (Air Mini+) was placed. The study demonstrated the efficient removal of SARS-CoV-2 (99.98 %) from the test chamber in less than two minutes and PECO-assisted destruction (over 99%) on the filtration media in 1 h. Furthermore, in a real-world scenario, the Molekule Air-Pro air purifier removed SARS-CoV-2 (a negative RT-qPCR result post-running the filter device) from the circulating air in a COVID-19 testing facility. Overall, the ability of two FDA-approved class II medical devices, Molekule Air-Mini+ and Air-Pro air purifiers, to remove and destroy SARS-CoV-2 in indoor settings was successfully demonstrated. The study indicates that as the "tripledemic" of COVID-19, influenza, and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) overwhelm the healthcare facilities in the USA, the use of a portable air filtration device will help contain the spread of the viruses in close door facilities, such as in schools and daycare facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpan Acharya
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68131, USA
| | - Kerri Surbaugh
- Research and Development, Molekule, Inc., 3802 Spectrum Blvd, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Michellie Thurman
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68131, USA
| | | | - Philip Myers
- Research and Development, Molekule, Inc., 3802 Spectrum Blvd, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Rajat Mittal
- Clean Energy Research Center, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Kabita Pandey
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68131, USA
| | - Elizabeth Klug
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68131, USA
| | - Sarah J Stein
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Ashley R Ravnholdt
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Vicki L Herrera
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Danielle N Rivera
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Paul Williams
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Joshua L Santarpia
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Ajeet Kaushik
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Florida Polytechnic University, 4700 Research Way, Lakeland, FL 33805, USA; Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68131, USA
| | - Jaspreet S Dhau
- Research and Development, Molekule, Inc., 3802 Spectrum Blvd, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
| | - Siddappa N Byrareddy
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68131, USA; Department of Environmental Engineering, Florida Polytechnic University, 4700 Research Way, Lakeland, FL 33805, USA; Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68131, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68131, USA.
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16
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Murray A, Ojeda J, El Merhebi O, Calvo-Marzal P, Gerasimova Y, Chumbimuni-Torres K. Cost-Effective Modular Biosensor for SARS-CoV-2 and Influenza A Detection. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:874. [PMID: 37754108 PMCID: PMC10526333 DOI: 10.3390/bios13090874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
A modular, multi-purpose, and cost-effective electrochemical biosensor based on a five-stranded four-way junction (5S-4WJ) system was developed for SARS-CoV-2 (genes S and N) and Influenza A virus (gene M) detection. The 5S-4WJ structure consists of an electrode-immobilized universal stem-loop (USL) strand, two auxiliary DNA strands, and a universal methylene blue redox strand (UMeB). This design allows for the detection of specific nucleic acid sequences using square wave voltammetry (SWV). The sequence-specific auxiliary DNA strands (m and f) ensure selectivity of the biosensor for target recognition utilizing the same USL and UMeB components. An important feature of this biosensor is the ability to reuse the USL-modified electrodes to detect the same or alternative targets in new samples. This is accomplished by a simple procedure involving rinsing the electrodes with water to disrupt the 5S-4WJ structure and subsequent re-hybridization of the USL strand with the appropriate set of strands for a new analysis. The biosensor exhibited minimal loss in signal after rehybridization, demonstrating its potential as a viable multiplex assay for both current and future pathogens, with a low limit of quantification (LOQ) of as low as 17 pM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Karin Chumbimuni-Torres
- Department of Chemistry, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA; (A.M.); (J.O.); (O.E.M.); (P.C.-M.); (Y.G.)
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17
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Dewidar O, Bondok M, Abdelrazeq L, Aliyeva K, Solo K, Welch V, Brignardello-Petersen R, Mathew JL, Hazlewood G, Pottie K, Hartling L, Khalifa DS, Duda S, Falavigna M, Khabsa J, Lotfi T, Petkovic J, Elliot S, Chi Y, Parker R, Kristjansson E, Riddle A, Darzi AJ, Magwood O, Saad A, Rada G, Neumann I, Loeb M, Reveiz L, Mertz D, Piggott T, Turgeon AF, Schünemann H, Tugwell P. Equity issues rarely addressed in the development of COVID-19 formal recommendations and good practice statements: a cross-sectional study. J Clin Epidemiol 2023; 161:116-126. [PMID: 37562727 DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2023.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE To identify COVID-19 actionable statements (e.g., recommendations) focused on specific disadvantaged populations in the living map of COVID-19 recommendations (eCOVIDRecMap) and describe how health equity was assessed in the development of the formal recommendations. METHODS We employed the place of residence, race or ethnicity or culture, occupation, gender or sex, religion, education, socio-economic status, and social capital-Plus framework to identify statements focused on specific disadvantaged populations. We assessed health equity considerations in the evidence to decision frameworks (EtD) of formal recommendations for certainty of evidence and impact on health equity criteria according to the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations criteria. RESULTS We identified 16% (124/758) formal recommendations and 24% (186/819) good practice statements (GPS) that were focused on specific disadvantaged populations. Formal recommendations (40%, 50/124) and GPS (25%, 47/186) most frequently focused on children. Seventy-six percent (94/124) of the recommendations were accompanied with EtDs. Over half (55%, 52/94) of those considered indirectness of the evidence for disadvantaged populations. Considerations in impact on health equity criterion most frequently involved implementation of the recommendation for disadvantaged populations (17%, 16/94). CONCLUSION Equity issues were rarely explicitly considered in the development COVID-19 formal recommendations focused on specific disadvantaged populations. Guidance is needed to support the consideration of health equity in guideline development during health emergencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Dewidar
- Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Bruyère Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Mostafa Bondok
- Bruyère Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Leenah Abdelrazeq
- Bruyère Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Faculty of Health Sciences, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Khadija Aliyeva
- Bruyère Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Karla Solo
- Michael G DeGroote Cochrane Canada and McMaster GRADE Centres, Health Research Methods, Evidence & Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vivian Welch
- Bruyère Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Romina Brignardello-Petersen
- Michael G DeGroote Cochrane Canada and McMaster GRADE Centres, Health Research Methods, Evidence & Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joseph L Mathew
- Department of Pediatrics, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, Chandigarh, India
| | - Glen Hazlewood
- Departments of Medicine and Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Kevin Pottie
- Department of Family Medicine, Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lisa Hartling
- Alberta Research Centre for Health Evidence and Cochrane Child Health, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Dina Sami Khalifa
- Michael G DeGroote Cochrane Canada and McMaster GRADE Centres, Health Research Methods, Evidence & Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephanie Duda
- Michael G DeGroote Cochrane Canada and McMaster GRADE Centres, Health Research Methods, Evidence & Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Maicon Falavigna
- National Institute for Health Technology Assessment, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Joanne Khabsa
- Clinical Research Institute, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Tamara Lotfi
- Michael G DeGroote Cochrane Canada and McMaster GRADE Centres, Health Research Methods, Evidence & Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jennifer Petkovic
- Bruyère Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sarah Elliot
- Alberta Research Centre for Health Evidence, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Cochrane Child Health, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Alberta, Canada
| | - Yuan Chi
- Beijing Yealth Technology Co., Ltd, Beijing, China; Cochrane Campbell Global Ageing Partnership, London, UK
| | | | - Elizabeth Kristjansson
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alison Riddle
- Bruyère Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrea J Darzi
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact and Anesthesia, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Olivia Magwood
- Bruyère Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ammar Saad
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gabriel Rada
- Epistemonikos Foundation, Santiago, Chile; UC Evidence Centre, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ignacio Neumann
- School of Medicine, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mark Loeb
- Departments of Pathology and Molecular Medicine and Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ludovic Reveiz
- Department of Evidence and Intelligence for Action in Health and Incident Management System for COVID-19, WHO Regional Office for the Americas/Pan American Health Organization, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Dominik Mertz
- Department of Medicine and Department of Health Research Methods, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Thomas Piggott
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Family Medicine, Queens University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada; Peterborough Public Health, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alexis F Turgeon
- CHU de Québec - Université Laval Research Center, Population Health and Optimal Health Practices Research Unit (Trauma-Emergency-Critical Care Medicine), Québec City, Quebec, Canada; Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Holger Schünemann
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Michael G DeGroote Cochrane Canada and McMaster GRADE Centres, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; WHO Collaborating Center for Infectious Diseases, Research Methods and Recommendations, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Biomedical Sciences Humanitas University, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy; Cochrane Canada, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Peter Tugwell
- Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa Faculty of Medicine, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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18
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Ge Y, Wu X, Zhang W, Wang X, Zhang D, Wang J, Liu H, Ren Z, Ruktanonchai NW, Ruktanonchai CW, Cleary E, Yao Y, Wesolowski A, Cummings DAT, Li Z, Tatem AJ, Lai S. Effects of public-health measures for zeroing out different SARS-CoV-2 variants. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5270. [PMID: 37644012 PMCID: PMC10465600 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40940-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeted public health interventions for an emerging epidemic are essential for preventing pandemics. During 2020-2022, China invested significant efforts in strict zero-COVID measures to contain outbreaks of varying scales caused by different SARS-CoV-2 variants. Based on a multi-year empirical dataset containing 131 outbreaks observed in China from April 2020 to May 2022 and simulated scenarios, we ranked the relative intervention effectiveness by their reduction in instantaneous reproduction number. We found that, overall, social distancing measures (38% reduction, 95% prediction interval 31-45%), face masks (30%, 17-42%) and close contact tracing (28%, 24-31%) were most effective. Contact tracing was crucial in containing outbreaks during the initial phases, while social distancing measures became increasingly prominent as the spread persisted. In addition, infections with higher transmissibility and a shorter latent period posed more challenges for these measures. Our findings provide quantitative evidence on the effects of public-health measures for zeroing out emerging contagions in different contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Wetland and Watershed Research Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China.
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Xilin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenbin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- WorldPop, School of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China
| | - Die Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Wetland and Watershed Research Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jianghao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Haiyan Liu
- Marine Data Center, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, China
| | - Zhoupeng Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | | | | | - Eimear Cleary
- WorldPop, School of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Yongcheng Yao
- WorldPop, School of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Zhengzhou Normal University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Amy Wesolowski
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Derek A T Cummings
- Department of Biology and Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Zhongjie Li
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Andrew J Tatem
- WorldPop, School of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Shengjie Lai
- WorldPop, School of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
- Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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19
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Ciurleo GCV, Tavares-Júnior JWL, Vieira CMAG, Braga-Neto P, Oriá RB. Do APOE4 and long COVID-19 increase the risk for neurodegenerative diseases in adverse environments and poverty? Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1229073. [PMID: 37694114 PMCID: PMC10483995 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1229073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella C. V. Ciurleo
- Laboratory of the Biology of Tissue Healing, Ontogeny and Nutrition, Department of Morphology and Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | | | - Carlos Meton A. G. Vieira
- Laboratory of the Biology of Tissue Healing, Ontogeny and Nutrition, Department of Morphology and Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Pedro Braga-Neto
- Neurology Division, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
- Health Sciences Center, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Reinaldo B. Oriá
- Laboratory of the Biology of Tissue Healing, Ontogeny and Nutrition, Department of Morphology and Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
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20
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Joseph SA, Jerome JG, Boima F, Pognon PR, Fejfar D, Dibba Y, Lavalie D, Barrie MB, Oteju A, Sheku M, Mahmoud M, Mattia J, Barnhart DA. Attitudes toward COVID-19 Vaccination: Staff and Patient Perspectives at Six Health Facilities in Sierra Leone. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1385. [PMID: 37631953 PMCID: PMC10458439 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11081385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Sierra Leone is a West African country with a population of over 8 million. With more than half of Sierra Leone's population living in rural areas, it is important to understand rural populations' access to and attitudes toward the COVID-19 vaccine. In November 2021, the rate of vaccination coverage in Sierra Leone was only 7% for one dose and 4% for two doses. Understanding perspectives of health facility staff and patients can help strengthen future vaccine campaigns. We conducted a cross-sectional study, between March 2022 and May 2022, of clinical staff, non-clinical staff, and adult (>18 years) patients/caregivers attending six Ministry of Health and Sanitation (MoHS) facilities supported by Partners In Health, four in the Kono district and two in the Western Urban Area district, the capital of Sierra Leone. We assessed the opportunity to vaccinate, vaccine uptake, and intention to vaccinate. Out of the 2015 participants, 11.4% were clinical staff, 18.8% were non-clinical staff, and 69.8% were patients/caregivers. Less than half of the patients/caregivers had the opportunity to be vaccinated (42%), and 22% of patients/caregivers were fully vaccinated. Among the unvaccinated population, 44% would refuse a vaccine if offered to them at no cost. Lack of access to COVID-19 vaccines and to official education messaging, especially for patients and caregivers, is still an underlying problem in Sierra Leone for vaccine uptake, rather than a lack of willingness to be vaccinated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jean Gregory Jerome
- Partners In Health Sierra Leone (PIH-SL), Freetown, Sierra Leone; (J.G.J.); (F.B.); (P.R.P.); (Y.D.); (M.B.B.); (A.O.); (M.S.)
| | - Foday Boima
- Partners In Health Sierra Leone (PIH-SL), Freetown, Sierra Leone; (J.G.J.); (F.B.); (P.R.P.); (Y.D.); (M.B.B.); (A.O.); (M.S.)
| | - Pierre Ricard Pognon
- Partners In Health Sierra Leone (PIH-SL), Freetown, Sierra Leone; (J.G.J.); (F.B.); (P.R.P.); (Y.D.); (M.B.B.); (A.O.); (M.S.)
| | - Donald Fejfar
- Partners In Health (PIH), Boston, MA 02199, USA; (D.F.); (D.A.B.)
| | - Yusupha Dibba
- Partners In Health Sierra Leone (PIH-SL), Freetown, Sierra Leone; (J.G.J.); (F.B.); (P.R.P.); (Y.D.); (M.B.B.); (A.O.); (M.S.)
| | - Daniel Lavalie
- Ministry of Health and Sanitation, Freetown, Sierra Leone; (D.L.); (M.M.); (J.M.)
| | - Mohamed Bailor Barrie
- Partners In Health Sierra Leone (PIH-SL), Freetown, Sierra Leone; (J.G.J.); (F.B.); (P.R.P.); (Y.D.); (M.B.B.); (A.O.); (M.S.)
| | - Aramide Oteju
- Partners In Health Sierra Leone (PIH-SL), Freetown, Sierra Leone; (J.G.J.); (F.B.); (P.R.P.); (Y.D.); (M.B.B.); (A.O.); (M.S.)
| | - Mohamed Sheku
- Partners In Health Sierra Leone (PIH-SL), Freetown, Sierra Leone; (J.G.J.); (F.B.); (P.R.P.); (Y.D.); (M.B.B.); (A.O.); (M.S.)
| | - Mariama Mahmoud
- Ministry of Health and Sanitation, Freetown, Sierra Leone; (D.L.); (M.M.); (J.M.)
| | - Jusu Mattia
- Ministry of Health and Sanitation, Freetown, Sierra Leone; (D.L.); (M.M.); (J.M.)
| | - Dale A. Barnhart
- Partners In Health (PIH), Boston, MA 02199, USA; (D.F.); (D.A.B.)
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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21
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Guedegbe T, Adelaja A, George J. Resilience, endogenous policy responses to COVID-19, and their impacts on farm performance. WORLD DEVELOPMENT 2023; 168:106254. [PMID: 37038591 PMCID: PMC10076512 DOI: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2023.106254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Policy measures aimed at containing the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic had unintended consequences on economic activities globally. In this study, we isolate and investigate the short-term partial impacts of six such measures on the farm and nonfarm incomes of agricultural households and examine the related resilience factors. Using Nigeria as a case study, we find that the COVID containment measures had mixed effects on farm and non-farm incomes in the short run. These varying effects are due to households' resilience and vulnerability factors, including land size, wealth, income diversification, involvement in processing activities, and reliance on hired labor. Our findings highlight the need for more targeted health crisis containment measures which consider the uniqueness, diversity, and regional heterogeneity of agriculture, especially the potential implications for farm viability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adesoji Adelaja
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Resource Economics (AFRE), Michigan State University (MSU), East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Justin George
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Resource Economics (AFRE), Michigan State University (MSU), East Lansing, MI, USA
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22
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Tang J, Zhao P, Gong Z, Zhao H, Huang F, Li J, Chen Z, Yu L, Chen J. Resilience patterns of human mobility in response to extreme urban floods. Natl Sci Rev 2023; 10:nwad097. [PMID: 37389148 PMCID: PMC10306362 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwad097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Large-scale disasters can disproportionately impact different population groups, causing prominent disparity and inequality, especially for the vulnerable and marginalized. Here, we investigate the resilience of human mobility under the disturbance of the unprecedented '720' Zhengzhou flood in China in 2021 using records of 1.32 billion mobile phone signaling generated by 4.35 million people. We find that although pluvial floods can trigger mobility reductions, the overall structural dynamics of mobility networks remain relatively stable. We also find that the low levels of mobility resilience in female, adolescent and older adult groups are mainly due to their insufficient capabilities to maintain business-as-usual travel frequency during the flood. Most importantly, we reveal three types of counter-intuitive, yet widely existing, resilience patterns of human mobility (namely, 'reverse bathtub', 'ever-increasing' and 'ever-decreasing' patterns), and demonstrate a universal mechanism of disaster-avoidance response by further corroborating that those abnormal resilience patterns are not associated with people's gender or age. In view of the common association between travel behaviors and travelers' socio-demographic characteristics, our findings provide a caveat for scholars when disclosing disparities in human travel behaviors during flood-induced emergencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junqing Tang
- School of Urban Planning and Design, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Human-Earth Relations of Ministry of Natural Resources of China, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | | | - Zhaoya Gong
- School of Urban Planning and Design, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Human-Earth Relations of Ministry of Natural Resources of China, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Hongbo Zhao
- Key Research Institute of Yellow River Civilization and Sustainable Development & Collaborative Innovation Center on Yellow River Civilization, Henan Province and Ministry of Education, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Fengjue Huang
- School of Urban Planning and Design, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jiaying Li
- School of Urban Planning and Design, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zhihe Chen
- School of Urban Planning and Design, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Ling Yu
- School of Urban Planning and Design, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Key National Geomatics Center of China, Beijing 100830, China
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23
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Wollburg P, Markhof Y, Kanyanda S, Zezza A. The evolution of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in Sub-Saharan Africa: evidence from panel survey data. BMC Proc 2023; 17:8. [PMID: 37415169 DOI: 10.1186/s12919-023-00266-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 vaccination efforts are lagging in Sub-Saharan Africa, as just over 20 percent of the population has been fully vaccinated. COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy is considered important as a prerequisite for widespread vaccine take-up. Here, we study the dynamics of vaccine acceptance, its correlates, and reasons for hesitancy over time, drawing on two years of panel survey data. METHODS In this observational study, we use multiple rounds of data from national High Frequency Phone Surveys (HFPS) in five countries in East and West Africa (Burkina Faso, Ethiopia, Malawi, Nigeria, and Uganda), covering a period between 2020 and 2022. The surveys are cross-country comparable and draw their samples from nationally representative sampling frames. Based on this data source, the study presents population-weighted means and performs multivariate regression analysis. RESULTS COVID-19 vaccine acceptance was high throughout the study period (68% to 98%). However, acceptance levels were lower in 2022 than in 2020 in three countries (Burkina Faso, Malawi, Nigeria), and higher in one country (Uganda). Moreover, individuals are observed to change their stated vaccine attitudes between survey rounds, to a limited extent in some countries (Ethiopia) and more frequently in others (Burkina Faso, Malawi, Nigeria, Uganda). Vaccine hesitancy is higher in richer households, and those residing in urban areas; among women and those better educated. Hesitancy is lower in larger households and among heads of the household. The main reasons for hesitancy are concerns about side effects of the vaccine, its safety and efficacy, as well as assessments of COVID-19 risk, though these reasons fluctuate over time. CONCLUSIONS Reported COVID-19 vaccine acceptance levels remain far above vaccination rates in the study countries, suggesting that vaccine hesitancy is not the primary obstacle to reaching greater vaccine coverage, which may instead be related to access and delivery barriers as well as supply shortages. Nevertheless, vaccine attitudes appear malleable so that continued efforts are needed to retain high levels of vaccine acceptance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Wollburg
- World Bank, Development Economics Data Group, Washington, DC, USA.
| | - Yannick Markhof
- World Bank, Development Economics Data Group, Washington, DC, USA
- UNU-MERIT, United Nations University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | | | - Alberto Zezza
- World Bank, Development Economics Data Group, Washington, DC, USA
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24
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Quang Dao P, Dat PT, Khoa NN. Anxiety as a mediator in the relationship between the socioeconomic impact of COVID-19 and quality of life: a cross-sectional study in Vietnam. PSYCHOL HEALTH MED 2023; 28:2526-2536. [PMID: 36878882 DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2023.2188231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have investigated the effects of the pandemic on quality of life; both economical and psychosocial effects were explored. Some studies also mentioned mediating factors as mechanisms in this relationship; however, the mediating role of anxiety has not been examined. The present study examined the mediating effects of anxiety on the relationship between socioeconomic impact of COVID-19 and quality of life. An online survey of 280 Vietnamese residents was conducted in the context of the pandemic outbreak. Anxiety was found to be a completely mediating variable in the association between the socioeconomic impact of the pandemic and quality of life during the lockdown period. This finding contributes to a better understanding of how the pandemic affects people's quality of life and serves as the foundation for lessening the negative effects of the epidemic on people's lives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pham Quang Dao
- Faculty of Psychology, Ural Federal University, Yekaterinburg, Sverdlovsk Oblast, Russia
| | - Pham Tien Dat
- Faculty of Psychology, Ho Chi Minh City University of Education, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Ngoc Khoa
- Faculty of Psychology, Ho Chi Minh City University of Education, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam
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25
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Lengua LJ, Stavish CM, Green LM, Shimomaeda L, Thompson SF, Calhoun R, Moini N, Smith MR. Pre-COVID-19 predictors of low-income women's COVID-19 appraisal, coping, and changes in mental health during the pandemic. JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2023; 51:2098-2116. [PMID: 36776019 DOI: 10.1002/jcop.23012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Study examined predictors and mental health consequences of appraisal (threat, support satisfaction) and coping (active, avoidant) in a sample of low-income women during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Pre-COVID-19 contextual risk and individual resources and COVID-19-specific risk factors were examined as predictors of COVID-19 appraisal and coping, which, in turn, were tested as predictors of changes in depression and anxiety across the pandemic. Pre-COVID-19 resilience predicted more active coping, whereas pre-COVID-19 anxiety and depression predicted more avoidant coping and lower support satisfaction, respectively. Increases in anxiety were predicted by lower pre-COVID-19 self-compassion and higher concurrent threat appraisal and avoidant coping. Increases in depression were related to lower pre-COVID-19 self-compassion, active coping and support satisfaction, and higher COVID-19 hardships and health risk. Findings highlight contextual and individual factors and processes that contribute to mental health problems in a vulnerable population during community-level stressors, with implications for prevention and intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana J Lengua
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Caitlin M Stavish
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Lindsey M Green
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Lisa Shimomaeda
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - Rebecca Calhoun
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Natasha Moini
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Michele R Smith
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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26
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Mueller V, Páez-Bernal C, Gray C, Grépin K. The Gendered Consequences of COVID-19 for Internal Migration. POPULATION RESEARCH AND POLICY REVIEW 2023; 42:60. [PMID: 37397235 PMCID: PMC10307700 DOI: 10.1007/s11113-023-09809-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Scant evidence exists to identify the effects of the pandemic on migrant women and the unique barriers on employment they endure. We merge longitudinal data from mobile phone surveys with subnational data on COVID cases to examine whether women were left more immobile and vulnerable to health risks, relative to men, during the pandemic in Kenya and Nigeria. Each survey interviewed approximately 2000 men and women over three rounds (November 2020-January 2021, March-April 2021, November 2021-January 2022). Linear regression analysis reveals internal migrants are no more vulnerable to knowing someone in their network with COVID. Rather, rural migrant women in Kenya and Nigeria were less vulnerable to transmission through their network, perhaps related to the possible wealth accumulation from migration or acquired knowledge of averting health risks from previous destinations. Per capita exposure to COVID cases hinders the inter-regional migration of women in both countries. Exposure to an additional COVID case per 10,000 people resulted in a decline in women's interregional migration by 6 and 2 percentage points in Kenya and Nigeria, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Mueller
- School of Politics and Global Studies, Arizona State University, Tempe, USA
- International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington, DC USA
| | - Camila Páez-Bernal
- School of Politics and Global Studies, Arizona State University, Tempe, USA
| | - Clark Gray
- Department of Geography, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Karen Grépin
- School of Public Health, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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27
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Vo TPT, Ngo HH, Guo W, Turney C, Liu Y, Nguyen DD, Bui XT, Varjani S. Influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on climate change summit negotiations from the climate governance perspective. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 878:162936. [PMID: 36934916 PMCID: PMC10023208 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has caused significant disruptions to the world since 2020, with over 647 million confirmed cases and 6.7 million reported deaths as of January 2023. Despite its far-reaching impact, the effects of COVID-19 on the progress of global climate change negotiations have yet to be thoroughly evaluated. This discussion paper conducts an examination of COVID-19's impact on climate change actions at global, national, and local levels through a comprehensive review of existing literature. This analysis reveals that the pandemic has resulted in delays in implementing climate policies and altered priorities from climate action to the pandemic response. Despite these setbacks, the pandemic has also presented opportunities for accelerating the transition to a low-carbon economy. The interplay between these outcomes and the different levels of governance will play a crucial role in determining the success or failure of future climate change negotiations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Phuong Tram Vo
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NWS 2007, Australia
| | - Huu Hao Ngo
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NWS 2007, Australia.
| | - Wenshan Guo
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NWS 2007, Australia
| | - Chris Turney
- Earth System Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NWS 2007, Australia
| | - Yiwen Liu
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NWS 2007, Australia
| | - Dinh Duc Nguyen
- Department of Environmental Energy Engineering, Kyonggi University, 442-760, Republic of Korea
| | - Xuan Thanh Bui
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Waste Treatment Technology & Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh (VNU-HCM), Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Viet Nam
| | - Sunita Varjani
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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28
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Ahmed T, Musarrat P, Kabir ZN. Lessons learned from pandemic response to COVID-19 in Bangladesh: NGO-based emergency response framework for low- and middle-income countries. BMC Health Serv Res 2023; 23:656. [PMID: 37340495 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-023-09643-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Response to COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh was led by the Government of Bangladesh aided by Non-Government Organisations (NGO) among others. The aim of the study was to explore the activities of such an NGO to understand the philosophy, aspiration and strategy to plan and implement an effective response to COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh. METHODS A case study of a Bangladeshi NGO called SAJIDA Foundation (SF) is presented. From September to November 2021, using document review, field observation and in-depth interviews, four aspects of their COVID-19 pandemic related activities was explored - a) why and how SF initiated their COVID response; b) what adaptations were made to their usual programmes; c) how SF's response to COVID-19 were designed and what were the anticipated challenges including overcoming measures; and d) perception of the staff about SF's activities related to COVID-19. Fifteen in-depth interviews were conducted with three groups of SF staff: frontliners, managers and leaders. RESULT The impact of COVID-19 has been beyond health emergencies and posed multidimensional challenges. SF took a two-pronged approach - aid the government to respond to the emergency and adopt an all-inclusive plan to address diverse challenges related to overall well-being of the population. The underlying strategy of their response has been to: define the challenge of COVID-19 and identify required expertise and resources, ensure people's health and social wellbeing, adjust existing organisational processes, ensure functional partnership with other organisations for effective resource and task sharing, and safeguard health and wellbeing of the organisation's own employees. CONCLUSION The findings suggest a '4C framework' including four components as the basis of a comprehensive response to emergencies by NGOs: 1. Capability assessment to identify who are in need and what is needed; 2. Collaboration with stakeholders to pool resources and expertise; 3. Compassionate leadership to ensure health and social safety of the employees which ensures their dedication in managing the emergency; and 4. Communication for quick and effective decision making, decentralisation, monitoring and coordination. It is expected that this '4C framework' can help NGOs to embark on a comprehensive response to manage emergencies in resource constrained low- and middle-income countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanvir Ahmed
- Centre for Clinical Research and Health Innovation, SAJIDA Foundation, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
| | - Parsa Musarrat
- Department of Research, SAJIDA Foundation, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Zarina Nahar Kabir
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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29
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Cheah PK, Jalloh MB, Cheah PK, Ongkili D, Schneiders ML, Osterrieder A, Peerawaranun P, Waithira N, Davies A, Mukaka M, Cheah PY. Experiences, coping strategies and perspectives of people in Malaysia during the COVID-19 pandemic. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1085. [PMID: 37280573 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15892-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A nationwide Movement Control Order (MCO) was enforced in Malaysia on 18 March 2020 in view of the global COVID-19 pandemic. Malaysia implemented various public health measures and later raced against time to administer COVID-19 vaccines when they became available. As a result of various public health measures to curb the spread of the virus, people in Malaysia faced unprecedented circumstances and new challenges. This study addressed the knowledge gap in our understanding the experiences, coping strategies and perspectives of the people in Malaysia about infection countermeasures by investigating their experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS A sequential mixed method approach was used to conduct an online survey and in-depth interviews among residents in Malaysia. A total of 827 respondents participated in the online survey from 1st May to 30th June 2020. Nineteen in-depth interviews were conducted online and by phone with key informants and members of the public, who were selected through maximum variation purposive sampling between 2nd May 2020 to 20th December 2021. The semi-structured interviews employed a phenomenological approach and transcripts were analysed using thematic analysis. The survey data were analysed using descriptive statistics in Stata 15.0. RESULTS The survey reflected significant economic impacts of the pandemic, the maximum number of days that people could cope during the MCO, and their coping strategies, which generally entailed changes in lifestyle. The internet and social media were vital platforms to mitigate against the impact of public health measures. Thematic analysis of the interview data revealed participant experiences and perceptions of COVID-19 and public health measures in four main themes: (1) work and business; (2) emotional impact (3) coping with change and (4) the COVID-19 vaccine. CONCLUSIONS This study provides insights into the experiences, coping strategies and perspectives of people in Malaysia living through the first-ever MCO during the COVID-19 pandemic. Such insights into COVID-19-related public health measures are pertinent for successfully planning and implementing future responses to pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phaik Kin Cheah
- Faculty of Arts & Social Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Barat, 31900, Kampar, Perak, Malaysia.
| | - Mohamed Bella Jalloh
- Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Phee-Kheng Cheah
- Sabah Women & Children's Hospital, Ministry of Health, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
- Loh Guan Lye Specialists Centre, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Darlene Ongkili
- Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Ministry of Health, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Mira Leonie Schneiders
- Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
- Centre for Tropical Medicine & Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Socio-Ecological Health Research Unit, Department of Public Health, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Anne Osterrieder
- Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
- Centre for Tropical Medicine & Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Pimnara Peerawaranun
- Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Naomi Waithira
- Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
- Centre for Tropical Medicine & Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Alun Davies
- Centre for Tropical Medicine & Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Mavuto Mukaka
- Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
- Centre for Tropical Medicine & Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Phaik Yeong Cheah
- Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
- Centre for Tropical Medicine & Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- The SoNAR-Global Network, Mahidol University, 10400, Bangkok, Thailand
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Xie X, Hao M, Ding F, Ide T, Helman D, Scheffran J, Wang Q, Qian Y, Chen S, Wu J, Ma T, Ge Q, Jiang D. Exploring the worldwide impact of COVID-19 on conflict risk under climate change. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17182. [PMID: 37332947 PMCID: PMC10256592 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Understand whether and how the COVID-19 pandemic affects the risk of different types of conflict worldwide in the context of climate change. Methodology Based on the database of armed conflict, COVID-19, detailed climate, and non-climate data covering the period 2020-2021, we applied Structural Equation Modeling specifically to reorganize the links between climate, COVID-19, and conflict risk. Moreover, we used the Boosted Regression Tree method to simulate conflict risk under the influence of multiple factors. Findings The transmission risk of COVID-19 seems to decrease as the temperature rises. Additionally, COVID-19 has a substantial worldwide impact on conflict risk, albeit regional and conflict risk variations exist. Moreover, when testing a one-month lagged effect, we find consistency across regions, indicating a positive influence of COVID-19 on demonstrations (protests and riots) and a negative relationship with non-state and violent conflict risk. Conclusion COVID-19 has a complex effect on conflict risk worldwide under climate change. Implications Laying the theoretical foundation of how COVID-19 affects conflict risk and providing some inspiration for the implementation of relevant policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolan Xie
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Mengmeng Hao
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Fangyu Ding
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Tobias Ide
- Murdoch University, Murdoch, 6150, Perth, Australia
| | - David Helman
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Department of Soil and Water Sciences, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food & Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
- Advanced School for Environmental Studies, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Jürgen Scheffran
- Institute of Geography, Center for Earth System Research and Sustainability, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, 20144, Germany
| | - Qian Wang
- Centre for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Yushu Qian
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shuai Chen
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jiajie Wu
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Tian Ma
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Quansheng Ge
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Dong Jiang
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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Low Z, Lani R, Tiong V, Poh C, AbuBakar S, Hassandarvish P. COVID-19 Therapeutic Potential of Natural Products. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119589. [PMID: 37298539 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the fact that coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) treatment and management are now considerably regulated, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is still one of the leading causes of death in 2022. The availability of COVID-19 vaccines, FDA-approved antivirals, and monoclonal antibodies in low-income countries still poses an issue to be addressed. Natural products, particularly traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) and medicinal plant extracts (or their active component), have challenged the dominance of drug repurposing and synthetic compound libraries in COVID-19 therapeutics. Their abundant resources and excellent antiviral performance make natural products a relatively cheap and readily available alternative for COVID-19 therapeutics. Here, we deliberately review the anti-SARS-CoV-2 mechanisms of the natural products, their potency (pharmacological profiles), and application strategies for COVID-19 intervention. In light of their advantages, this review is intended to acknowledge the potential of natural products as COVID-19 therapeutic candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoxuan Low
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research & Education Centre (TIDREC), Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Rafidah Lani
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Vunjia Tiong
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research & Education Centre (TIDREC), Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Chitlaa Poh
- Centre for Virus and Vaccine Research, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Petaling Jaya 47500, Malaysia
| | - Sazaly AbuBakar
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research & Education Centre (TIDREC), Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Pouya Hassandarvish
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research & Education Centre (TIDREC), Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
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Zaniku HR, Aron MB, Vrkljan K, Tyagi K, Ndambo MK, Banda GM, Nyirongo R, Mphande I, Mailosi B, Talama G, Munyaneza F, Connolly E, Dullie L, Barnhart DA, Ruderman T. COVID-19-Related Testing, Knowledge and Behaviors among Severe and Chronic Non-Communicable Disease Patients in Neno District, Malawi: A Prospective Cohort Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:ijerph20105877. [PMID: 37239604 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20105877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19-related knowledge and behaviors remain essential for controlling the spread of disease, especially among vulnerable patients with advanced, chronic diseases. We prospectively assessed changes over 11 months in COVID-19-related testing, knowledge, and behaviors among patients with non-communicable diseases in rural Malawi using four rounds of telephone interviews between November 2020 to October 2021. The most commonly reported COVID-19-related risks among patients included visiting health facilities (35-49%), attending mass gatherings (33-36%), and travelling outside the district (14-19%). Patients reporting having experienced COVID-like symptoms increased from 30% in December 2020 to 41% in October 2021. However, only 13% of patients had ever received a COVID-19 test by the end of the study period. Respondents answered 67-70% of the COVID-19 knowledge questions correctly, with no significant changes over time. Hand washing, wearing face masks and maintaining a safe distance were the most frequently reported strategies to prevent the spreading of COVID-19. Wearing face masks significantly improved over time (p < 0.001). Although the majority reported accurate knowledge about COVID-19 and enhanced adherence to infection prevention measures over time, patients commonly visited locations where they could be exposed to COVID-19. Government and other stakeholders should increase COVID-19 testing accessibility to primary and secondary facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haules Robbins Zaniku
- Neno District Health Office, Ministry of Health, Neno P.O. Box 52, Malawi
- School of Global and Public Health, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Blantyre 312225, Malawi
| | - Moses Banda Aron
- Partners In Health/Abwenzi Pa za Umoyo (PIH/APZU), Neno P.O. Box 56, Malawi
| | - Kaylin Vrkljan
- Harvard College, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Kartik Tyagi
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Myness Kasanda Ndambo
- Malawi Epidemiology and Intervention Research Unit (MEIRU), Lilongwe P.O. Box 148, Malawi
| | | | | | - Isaac Mphande
- Partners In Health/Abwenzi Pa za Umoyo (PIH/APZU), Neno P.O. Box 56, Malawi
| | - Bright Mailosi
- Partners In Health/Abwenzi Pa za Umoyo (PIH/APZU), Neno P.O. Box 56, Malawi
| | | | - Fabien Munyaneza
- Partners In Health/Abwenzi Pa za Umoyo (PIH/APZU), Neno P.O. Box 56, Malawi
| | - Emilia Connolly
- Partners In Health/Abwenzi Pa za Umoyo (PIH/APZU), Neno P.O. Box 56, Malawi
- Division of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, 3230 Eden Ave., Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
- Division of Hospital Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave., Cincinnati, OH 45529, USA
| | - Luckson Dullie
- Partners In Health/Abwenzi Pa za Umoyo (PIH/APZU), Neno P.O. Box 56, Malawi
| | - Dale A Barnhart
- Partners in Health/Inshuti Mu Buzima (PIH/IMB), Kigali P.O. Box 3432, Rwanda
- Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02138, USA
| | - Todd Ruderman
- Partners In Health/Abwenzi Pa za Umoyo (PIH/APZU), Neno P.O. Box 56, Malawi
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Luo B, Nong Y, Hu R. Lindera pulcherrima var. attenuata leaves: a nutritious and economically promising staple food in the Baiku Yao community in China. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1193328. [PMID: 37275640 PMCID: PMC10233167 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1193328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The Baiku Yao community in China has traditionally used the Lindera pulcherrima var. attenuate (LPA) leaves as a staple food source, diverging from the common reliance on grains and plant roots worldwide. This study comprehensively analyzes LPA's nutritional composition and local usage practices through field observations and laboratory testing. Our results show that LPA contains significant levels of starch, protein, and dietary fiber and is rich in trace elements, vitamin E, and flavonoids. These findings not only support the community's traditional knowledge of LPA as a valuable food and feed source but also highlight its potential as a sustainable and innovative ingredient for new food and feed products. By filling a gap in our scientific understanding of LPA, this study may contribute to developing novel and eco-friendly agricultural practices and promote regional economic growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binsheng Luo
- Lushan Botanical Garden, Jiangxi Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lushan, China
| | - You Nong
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Quality Standards, Guangxi Institute of Traditional Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Renchuan Hu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Quality Standards, Guangxi Institute of Traditional Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanning, China
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Jun J, Tubbs Cooley H, O’Mathúna DP, Kim M, Pignatiello G, Fitzpatrick JJ, Tucker S. Individual and Work-Related Characteristics Associated with COVID-19 Vaccination Status among Ohio Nurses. Policy Polit Nurs Pract 2023; 24:81-90. [PMID: 36482714 PMCID: PMC9742733 DOI: 10.1177/15271544221141060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Uptake of the COVID-19 vaccine by nurses lags behind that of other health care professionals with minimal empirical evidence to understand this phenomenon. In this secondary analysis, we examined nurses' individual and work-related characteristics and their association with COVID-19 vaccination status. Alumni of three Ohio nursing colleges and members of a professional organization were invited to complete questionnaires from June through August 2021. Logistic regression models were used to evaluate associations between nurse characteristics and vaccination status. Among 844 respondents, 754 (80.30%) had received at least one dose of the vaccine. Older age, having a bachelor's degree or higher, and working in critical care were associated with vaccination. Providing direct care for COVID-19 patients in the last 7 days and a higher perception of one's work being affected by COVID-19 were significantly associated with being vaccinated, whereas prior COVID-19 infection was inversely associated with vaccination status. Our findings suggest that COVID-19 vaccine uptake among nurses is influenced by a host of factors related to virus knowledge, beliefs, and risk perceptions. Awareness of these factors can aid the development of interventions to increase nurses' acceptance of vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Jun
- College of Nursing, the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | | | - Minjin Kim
- College of Nursing, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Grant Pignatiello
- Frances Payne Bolton School of Nursing, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Joyce J. Fitzpatrick
- Frances Payne Bolton School of Nursing, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Sharon Tucker
- Fuld EBP Institute, College of Nursing, the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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Murray J, Bauer A, Loret de Mola C, Martins RC, Blumenberg C, Esposti MD, Stein A, Barros FC, Hallal PC, Silveira MF, Bertoldi AD, Domingues MR. Child and Maternal Mental Health Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Longitudinal Social Inequalities in a Brazilian Birth Cohort. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2023; 62:344-357. [PMID: 36075481 PMCID: PMC9441217 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2022.07.832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused major stress for families and children, particularly in the context of prolonged school closures. Few longitudinal studies are available on young children's mental health, including data both before and during the pandemic. This study examined experiences that might increase risk for mental health problems among caregivers and young children during the COVID-19 pandemic and inequalities driven by pre-pandemic disadvantage. METHOD This prospective, population-based birth cohort study in Pelotas, Brazil, analyzed 2,083 children and caregivers with data from before the pandemic in 2019, when children were 4 years old, and again in 2020, when schools were closed for a long period during the pandemic. Child conduct problems, emotional problems, and hyperactivity-inattention problems were assessed using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Family financial hardship, relationship difficulties, caregiver mental health, parenting practices, and child fears and isolation were considered as potential risk factors. RESULTS Across the whole population, the only significant increase in mental health problems from before to during the pandemic was found for maternal depression. However, poorer families were at far greater risk of experiencing serious financial problems, food shortages, increased conflict in adult relationships, parenting problems, and child worries about food availability during the pandemic. In turn, these difficulties were associated with increases in multiple mental health problems for both caregivers and children. Increased child mental health problems were most strongly associated with concurrent maternal anxiety (β > 0.20, p < .001, for each of child conduct, emotional, and hyperactivity problems), maternal depression (β = 0.26, p < .001, for child emotional problems), partner criticism (β = 0.21, p < .001, for child conduct problems), and harsh parenting (β > 0.20, p < .001, for both child conduct and hyperactivity problems). Child worry about COVID-19 was associated with increased emotional problems (β = 0.14, p < .001), but children's isolation was not associated with their mental health. CONCLUSION Overall, the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health is a mixed picture, but for families in poverty, marked material and interpersonal difficulties were associated with increases in mental health problems among children and caregivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Murray
- Federal University of Pelotas, Brazil; Human Development and Violence Research Centre, Brazil.
| | - Andreas Bauer
- Federal University of Pelotas, Brazil; Human Development and Violence Research Centre, Brazil
| | - Christian Loret de Mola
- Federal University of Pelotas, Brazil; Human Development and Violence Research Centre, Brazil; University of Rio Grande, Brazil, and Universidad Científica del Sur Lima-Peru, Peru
| | - Rafaela Costa Martins
- Federal University of Pelotas, Brazil; Human Development and Violence Research Centre, Brazil
| | | | - Michelle Degli Esposti
- Federal University of Pelotas, Brazil; Human Development and Violence Research Centre, Brazil
| | - Alan Stein
- University of Oxford, United Kingdom, the University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa, and the African Health Research Institute, South Africa
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Abate GT, de Brauw A, Hirvonen K, Wolle A. Measuring consumption over the phone: Evidence from a survey experiment in urban Ethiopia. JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS 2023; 161:103026. [PMID: 36471688 PMCID: PMC9711906 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdeveco.2022.103026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The paucity of reliable, timely household consumption data in many low- and middle-income countries have made it difficult to assess how global poverty has evolved during the COVID-19 pandemic. Standard poverty measurement requires collecting household consumption data, which is rarely collected by phone. To test the feasibility of collecting consumption data over the phone, we conducted a survey experiment in urban Ethiopia, randomly assigning households to either phone or in-person interviews. In the phone survey, average per capita consumption is 23 percent lower and the estimated poverty headcount is twice as high than in the in-person survey. We observe evidence of survey fatigue occurring early in phone interviews but not in in-person interviews; the bias is correlated with household characteristics. While the phone survey mode provides comparable estimates when measuring diet-based food security, it is not amenable to measuring consumption using the 'best practice' approach originally devised for in-person surveys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gashaw T Abate
- International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), Washington D.C, United States
| | - Alan de Brauw
- International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), Washington D.C, United States
| | - Kalle Hirvonen
- International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), Washington D.C, United States
- The United Nations University World Institute for Development Economics Research (UNU-WIDER), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Abdulazize Wolle
- Economics Department, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, NY, United States
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Factors Associated with COVID-19-Related Stress among Female Primary Caregivers in Vulnerable Families in South Africa. Eur J Investig Health Psychol Educ 2023; 13:377-390. [PMID: 36826212 PMCID: PMC9955265 DOI: 10.3390/ejihpe13020028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Inequality in South Africa is deeply rooted, and COVID-19 glaringly brought inequalities between families to the forefront. This study aimed to investigate factors associated with the above average stress levels of female primary caregivers in vulnerable families during the COVID-19 pandemic. A cross-sectional survey was undertaken among vulnerable families from October 2021 to February 2022. Above average scores were reported by approximately half of the respondents regarding stress from children/partners and stress related to financial issues. Fear of COVID-19, feeling depressed, COVID-19's impact on daily life, lower education levels, being in a relationship and living together, and perceiving an increase in domestic violence were statistically significantly associated with above average stress from children/partners. Age, impact of COVID-19 on daily life, being in a relationship and living with a husband/partner, and running out of food during the past 30 days were statistically significantly associated with above average stress concerning finances. These results provide new insights that can assist policy makers and practitioners in supporting low-income families during times of crisis. Support should not just focus on practical aspects, such as the provision of food, but equally importantly, on emotional support and protection for female primary caregivers and their families. Future research should delve more deeply into causes of COVID-19-related stress in vulnerable families.
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Chippaux JP. [Impact of COVID-19 on public health in sub-Saharan Africa]. BULLETIN DE L'ACADEMIE NATIONALE DE MEDECINE 2023; 207:150-164. [PMID: 36628105 PMCID: PMC9816877 DOI: 10.1016/j.banm.2022.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Objective This work aimed to assess the impact of COVID-19 on healthcare supply in sub-Saharan Africa except South Africa. Method A search through PubMed® between April 2020 and August 2022 selected 135 articles. The impact of COVID-19 was assessed on comparisons with the months prior to the onset of COVID-19 or an identical season in previous years. Results The decline of health services, associated with a reduction in their quality, and the closure of specialized health units have been reported. Many control programs and public health interventions have been interrupted, with the risk of an increase of the corresponding diseases. Social disorganization has generated mental health issues among the population, including health personnel. The impact was heterogeneous in space and time. The main causes were attributed to containment measures (transport restrictions, trade closures) and the lack of human and material resources. The increase in costs, in addition to the impoverishment of the population, and the fear of being contaminated or stigmatized have discouraged patients from going to health centres. The studies mention the gradual return to normal after the first epidemic wave and the resilience of the healthcare system. Conclusion Several articles make recommendations aimed at reducing the impact of future epidemics: support for community workers, training of health workers and reorganization of services to improve the reception and care of patients, technological innovations (use of telephones, drones, etc.) and better information monitoring.
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Naeimi R, Sepidarkish M, Mollalo A, Parsa H, Mahjour S, Safarpour F, Almukhtar M, Mechaal A, Chemaitelly H, Sartip B, Marhoommirzabak E, Ardekani A, Hotez PJ, Gasser RB, Rostami A. SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in children worldwide: A systematic review and meta-analysis. EClinicalMedicine 2023; 56:101786. [PMID: 36590788 PMCID: PMC9795163 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The higher hospitalisation rates of those aged 0-19 years (referred to herein as 'children') observed since the emergence of the immune-evasive SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant and subvariants, along with the persisting vaccination disparities highlighted a need for in-depth knowledge of SARS-CoV-2 sero-epidemiology in children. Here, we conducted this systematic review to assess SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence and determinants in children worldwide. METHODS In this systematic review and meta-analysis study, we searched international and preprinted scientific databases from December 1, 2019 to July 10, 2022. Pooled seroprevalences were estimated according to World Health Organization (WHO) regions (at 95% confidence intervals, CIs) using random-effects meta-analyses. Associations with SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence and sources of heterogeneity were investigated using sub-group and meta-regression analyses. The protocol used in this study has been registered in PROSPERO (CRD42022350833). FINDINGS We included 247 studies involving 757,075 children from 70 countries. Seroprevalence estimates varied from 7.3% (5.8-9.1%) in the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic to 37.6% (18.1-59.4%) in the fifth wave and 56.6% (52.8-60.5%) in the sixth wave. The highest seroprevalences in different pandemic waves were estimated for South-East Asia (17.9-81.8%) and African (17.2-66.1%) regions; while the lowest seroprevalence was estimated for the Western Pacific region (0.01-1.01%). Seroprevalence estimates were higher in children at older ages, in those living in underprivileged countries or regions, and in those of minority ethnic backgrounds. INTERPRETATION Our findings indicate that, by the end of 2021 and before the Omicron wave, around 50-70% of children globally were still susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection, clearly emphasising the need for more effective vaccines and better vaccination coverage among children and adolescents, particularly in developing countries and minority ethnic groups. FUNDING None.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Naeimi
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Mahdi Sepidarkish
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Mollalo
- Department of Public Health and Prevention Science, School of Health Sciences, Baldwin Wallace University, Berea, OH, USA
| | - Hamid Parsa
- Department of Neurology, University of Visayas, Gullas College of Medicine, Cebu City, 600 Cebu, Philippines
| | - Sanaz Mahjour
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Fatemeh Safarpour
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | | | - Amal Mechaal
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, USA
| | - Hiam Chemaitelly
- Infectious Disease Epidemiology Group, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Cornell University, Doha, Qatar
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Disease Epidemiology Analytics on HIV/AIDS, Sexually Transmitted Infections and Viral Hepatitis, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Qatar-Foundation-Education City, Cornell University, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, USA
| | - Behnam Sartip
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Elika Marhoommirzabak
- Department of Neurology, University of Visayas, Gullas College of Medicine, Cebu City, 600 Cebu, Philippines
| | - Ali Ardekani
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Peter J. Hotez
- Texas Children's Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, Department of Pediatrics and Molecular Virology and Microbiology, National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Robin B. Gasser
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Corresponding author.
| | - Ali Rostami
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
- Corresponding author.
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Quadri MFA, Lusher J, Folayan MO, Tantawi ME, Zuñiga AA, Brown B, Aly NM, Okeibunor JC, Florencia G, Jafer M, Ara E, Miranda KA, Al-Khanati NM, Ellakany P, Gaffar B, Ishabiyi AO, Khan AT, Khalid Z, Lawal FB, Nzimande N, Shamala A, Al-Tammemi AB, Osamika BE, Yousaf MA, Virtanen JI, Nguyen AL. Factors associated with an increase in tobacco use and alcohol drinking during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study of data from 105 countries. Tob Induc Dis 2023; 21:14. [PMID: 36741539 PMCID: PMC9881585 DOI: 10.18332/tid/157205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The COVID-19 pandemic has inevitably led to monumental challenges, and alcohol drinking and tobacco use have unlikely been spared. This cross-sectional survey reports on factors associated with an increase in alcohol drinking and tobacco use during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS An online survey conducted in 2020, generated data from 14899 adults residing in 105 countries. Dependent variables were changes in alcohol drinking and tobacco use. Independent variables were age, sex, education level, job loss, lost or reduced wages, investment/retirement benefits, interrupted substance addiction care, and income level of the countries. Multilevel logistic regression analysis was computed to explore the associations between dependent and independent variables in adjusted models using the backward stepwise method. The probability of including or excluding a covariate was set at p(in)<0.05 and p(out)>0.1, respectively. RESULTS Of the regular alcohol consumers (N=4401), 22.9% reported an increase in their alcohol drinking. Of the regular tobacco users (N=2718), 31% reported an increase in their tobacco use. Job loss (Alcohol: AOR=1.26; Tobacco: AOR=1.32) and lost/reduced wages (Alcohol: AOR=1.52; Tobacco: AOR=1.52) were associated with higher odds of increased alcohol drinking and tobacco use. Many interruptions to addiction care (AOR=1.75) were associated with higher odds of increased alcohol drinking. Whereas no interruption to addiction care was associated with lower odds of increased alcohol drinking (AOR=0.77). Also, none (AOR=0.66) or some (AOR=0.70) interruptions to addiction care were associated with lower odds of increased tobacco use. CONCLUSIONS This global survey alludes to the unintended consequences of the current COVID-19 pandemic on alcohol drinking and tobacco use. It is critical that the strategies for emergency responses should include support to ameliorate the impact of financial distress and disruption in substance dependence treatment services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mir Faeq A. Quadri
- Dental Public Health Division, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia,Department of Oral Health Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
| | | | - Morenike O. Folayan
- Department of Child Dental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Maha El Tantawi
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | | | - Brandon Brown
- Department of Social Medicine, Population and Public Health, University of California Riverside School of Medicine, Riverside, United States
| | - Nourhan M. Aly
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Joseph C. Okeibunor
- World Health Organization - Regional Office for Africa, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo
| | | | - Mohammed Jafer
- Department of Health Promotion, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Eshrat Ara
- Department of Psychology, Government College for Women, Cluster University of Srinagar, Srinagar, India
| | - Kessketlen A. Miranda
- Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Nuraldeen M. Al-Khanati
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Syrian Private University, Damascus, Syria
| | - Passent Ellakany
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Balgis Gaffar
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Anthonia O. Ishabiyi
- Migration Health Division, International Organization for Migration, United Nations Migration Agency, Amman, Jordan,Applied Science Research Center, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Abeedha T. Khan
- School of Biological Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Zumama Khalid
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Folake B. Lawal
- Department of Periodontology and Community Dentistry, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Ntombifuthi Nzimande
- Department of Economic and Human Geography, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Anas Shamala
- Department of Preventive and Biomedical Science, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Science and Technology, Sana'a, Yemen
| | - Ala’a B. Al-Tammemi
- Migration Health Division, International Organization for Migration, United Nations Migration Agency, Amman, Jordan,Applied Science Research Center, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
| | | | - Muhammad A. Yousaf
- Institute of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan,Department of Biology, Virtual University of Pakistan, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Annie L. Nguyen
- Department of Family Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, United States
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Odhiambo JN, Dolan CB, Troup L, Rojas NP. Spatial and spatio-temporal epidemiological approaches to inform COVID-19 surveillance and control: a systematic review of statistical and modelling methods in Africa. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e067134. [PMID: 36697047 PMCID: PMC9884571 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-067134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Various studies have been published to better understand the underlying spatial and temporal dynamics of COVID-19. This review sought to identify different spatial and spatio-temporal modelling methods that have been applied to COVID-19 and examine influential covariates that have been reportedly associated with its risk in Africa. DESIGN Systematic review using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. DATA SOURCES Thematically mined keywords were used to identify refereed studies conducted between January 2020 and February 2022 from the following databases: PubMed, Scopus, MEDLINE via Proquest, CINHAL via EBSCOhost and Coronavirus Research Database via ProQuest. A manual search through the reference list of studies was also conducted. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR SELECTING STUDIES Peer-reviewed studies that demonstrated the application of spatial and temporal approaches to COVID-19 outcomes. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS A standardised extraction form based on critical appraisal and data extraction for systematic reviews of prediction modelling studies checklist was used to extract the meta-data of the included studies. A validated scoring criterion was used to assess studies based on their methodological relevance and quality. RESULTS Among 2065 hits in five databases, title and abstract screening yielded 827 studies of which 22 were synthesised and qualitatively analysed. The most common socioeconomic variable was population density. HIV prevalence was the most common epidemiological indicator, while temperature was the most common environmental indicator. Thirteen studies (59%) implemented diverse formulations of spatial and spatio-temporal models incorporating unmeasured factors of COVID-19 and the subtle influence of time and space. Cluster analyses were used across seven studies (32%) to explore COVID-19 variation and determine whether observed patterns were random. CONCLUSION COVID-19 modelling in Africa is still in its infancy, and a range of spatial and spatio-temporal methods have been employed across diverse settings. Strengthening routine data systems remains critical for generating estimates and understanding factors that drive spatial variation in vulnerable populations and temporal variation in pandemic progression. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42021279767.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julius Nyerere Odhiambo
- Ignite Global Health Research Lab, Global Research Institute, William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia, USA
- Kinesiology and Health Sciences, William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Carrie B Dolan
- Ignite Global Health Research Lab, Global Research Institute, William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia, USA
- Kinesiology and Health Sciences, William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Lydia Troup
- Ignite Global Health Research Lab, Global Research Institute, William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Nathaly Perez Rojas
- Ignite Global Health Research Lab, Global Research Institute, William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia, USA
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Cardoso Pinto AM, Shariq S, Ranasinghe L, Sundar Budhathoki S, Skirrow H, Whittaker E, Seddon JA. Reasons for reductions in routine childhood immunisation uptake during the COVID-19 pandemic in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 3:e0001415. [PMID: 36963003 PMCID: PMC10021156 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0001415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has resulted in a substantial decline in routine immunisation coverage in children globally, especially in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). This study summarises the reasons for disruptions to routine child immunisations in LMICs. A systematic review (PROSPERO CRD42021286386) was conducted following PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Six databases were searched: MEDLINE, Embase, Global Health, CINAHL, Scopus and MedRxiv, on 11/02/2022. Observational and qualitative studies published from January 2020 onwards were included if exploring reasons for missed immunisations during the COVID-19 pandemic in LMICs. Study appraisal used National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and Critical Appraisal Skills Programme tools. Reasons for disruption were defined with descriptive codes; cross-sectional (quantitative) data were summarised as mean percentages of responses weighted by study population, and qualitative data were summarised narratively. A total of thirteen studies were included describing reasons behind disruptions; 7 cross-sectional (quantitative), 5 qualitative and 1 mixed methods. Seventeen reasons for disruptions were identified. In quantitative studies (total respondents = 2,853), the most common reasons identified were fear of COVID-19 and consequential avoidance of health centres (41.2%, SD ±13.3%), followed by transport challenges preventing both families and healthcare professionals from reaching vaccination services (11.1% SD ±16.6%). Most reasons stemmed from reduced healthcare-seeking (83.4%), as opposed to healthcare-delivery issues (15.2%). Qualitative studies showed a more even balance of healthcare-seeking (49.5%) and healthcare-delivery issues (50.5%), with fear of COVID-19 remaining a major identified issue (total respondents = 92). The most common reasons for disruption were parental fear of COVID-19 and avoidance of health services. Health systems must therefore prioritise public health messaging to encourage vaccine uptake and recovery of missed immunisations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sameed Shariq
- School of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lasith Ranasinghe
- Academic Foundation Doctor, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Shyam Sundar Budhathoki
- Department of Primary Care and Public Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Helen Skirrow
- Department of Primary Care and Public Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth Whittaker
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - James A. Seddon
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Desmond Tutu TB Centre, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
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El Salih I, Njuguna FM, Widjajanto PH, Kaspers G, Bailey A, Mostert S. Impact of COVID-19 measures on the health and healthcare of children in East-Africa: Scoping review. Int J Health Plann Manage 2023; 38:579-598. [PMID: 36691260 DOI: 10.1002/hpm.3612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic is of grave concern. As scientific data is being collected about the nature of COVID-19, government leaders and policy makers are challenged. They might feel pressured to take strong measures to stop virus spread. However, decisions could cause more harm than do good. This study maps all existing literature regarding the impact of COVID-19 containment measures on the health and healthcare of children in East-Africa. METHODS This scoping review follows Population Concept Context guidelines of Arksey and O'Malley and PRISMA 2020 checklist. PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase were searched. All peer-reviewed literature published in English between January 2020 and October 2022 was considered. Initial screening of titles and abstracts was undertaken independently by two reviewers, with a third available in case of doubt. This was followed by full-text screening involving two independent reviewers. RESULTS In total, 70 studies were included. Eight containment measures affecting children's health and healthcare were distinguished: lockdowns, school closures, physical distancing, travel restrictions, business closures, stay-at-home orders, curfews, quarantine measures with contact tracing. The consensus in the studies is that containment measures could minimise COVID-19 spread but have adverse indirect effects on children in East-Africa. Seven indirect effects were distinguished: economic damage, limited education access, food insecurity, child abuse, limited healthcare access, disrupted health-programs, and mental health challenges. CONCLUSION Government leaders and policy makers should take adverse indirect effects of COVID-19 measures into account, particularly in resource-limited regions such as East-Africa, apply a holistic approach, and strengthen socioeconomic and health-systems to protect the most vulnerable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim El Salih
- International Development Studies, Department of Human Geography and Spatial Planning, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Festus Muigai Njuguna
- Department of Child Health and Pediatrics, Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Pudjo Hagung Widjajanto
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dr Sardjito General Hospital, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Gertjan Kaspers
- Emma's Children Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ajay Bailey
- International Development Studies, Department of Human Geography and Spatial Planning, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Saskia Mostert
- Emma's Children Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Zsichla L, Müller V. Risk Factors of Severe COVID-19: A Review of Host, Viral and Environmental Factors. Viruses 2023; 15:175. [PMID: 36680215 PMCID: PMC9863423 DOI: 10.3390/v15010175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The clinical course and outcome of COVID-19 are highly variable, ranging from asymptomatic infections to severe disease and death. Understanding the risk factors of severe COVID-19 is relevant both in the clinical setting and at the epidemiological level. Here, we provide an overview of host, viral and environmental factors that have been shown or (in some cases) hypothesized to be associated with severe clinical outcomes. The factors considered in detail include the age and frailty, genetic polymorphisms, biological sex (and pregnancy), co- and superinfections, non-communicable comorbidities, immunological history, microbiota, and lifestyle of the patient; viral genetic variation and infecting dose; socioeconomic factors; and air pollution. For each category, we compile (sometimes conflicting) evidence for the association of the factor with COVID-19 outcomes (including the strength of the effect) and outline possible action mechanisms. We also discuss the complex interactions between the various risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Levente Zsichla
- Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
- National Laboratory for Health Security, Eötvös Loránd University, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Viktor Müller
- Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
- National Laboratory for Health Security, Eötvös Loránd University, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
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Hao F. A cross-national study of multilevel determinants on public fully vaccination against COVID-19. Health Place 2023; 79:102963. [PMID: 36592485 PMCID: PMC9790879 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2022.102963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) has impacted the world for close to three years and led to substantial costs to public well-being. To mitigate the pandemic's damage, the most effective approach lies in the vaccine. This study aims to investigate multilevel predictors of the public decision to become fully vaccinated against COVID-19. Data from a cross-national survey on representative samples are merged with country-level indicators. Multilevel logistic regression models are estimated on populations from 15 countries. Findings show that people who agree the government handles the pandemic well, believe the health officials would provide an effective vaccine, perceive the virus's danger, and are older are more likely to get fully vaccinated than their counterparts. Meanwhile, the national case rate and vaccination rate also affect one's decision to become fully vaccinated. Furthermore, there are significant cross-level interactions as people are more inclined to become fully vaccinated if they agree with the government's performance, perceive the virus's danger, and also reside in countries with higher case and vaccination rates. This study shows cross-national evidence regarding multilevel determinants of public vaccine uptake. Knowing the profiles among populations who have become fully vaccinated or not helps public health experts leverage factors and maximize vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Hao
- Department of Sociology, University of South Florida, 8350 N. Tamiami Trail, Sarasota, FL, USA.
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46
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Rajabi M, Rezaee M, Omranikhoo H, Khosravi A, Keshmiri S, Ghaedi H, Pourreza A. Cost of Illness of COVID-19 and Its Consequences on Health and Economic System. INQUIRY : A JOURNAL OF MEDICAL CARE ORGANIZATION, PROVISION AND FINANCING 2022; 59:469580221144398. [PMID: 36572983 PMCID: PMC9805926 DOI: 10.1177/00469580221144398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The outbreak of COVID-19 has had destructive influences on social and economic systems as well as many aspects of human life. In this study, we aimed to estimate the economic effects of COVID-19 at the individual and societal levels during a fiscal year. This cost of illness analysis was used to estimate the economic burden of COVID-19 in Iran. Data of the COVID-19 patients referred to the hospitals affiliated to Bushehr University of Medical Sciences in 2021 were collected through the Hospital Information System (HIS). The study methodology was based upon the human capital approach and bottom-up technique. The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in 9711 confirmed hospital cases and 717 deaths in Bushehr province during the study period. The direct and indirect costs were estimated to be $1446.06 and $3081.44 per patient. The economic burden for the province and country was estimated to be $43.97 and $2680.88 million. The results showed that the economic burden of this disease particularly premature death costs is remarkably high. Therefore, in order to increase the resiliency of the health system and the stability in service delivery, preventive-oriented strategies have to be more seriously considered by policymakers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marziyeh Rajabi
- Department of Public Health, School of
Health, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Mehdi Rezaee
- Student Research Committee, Health
Human Resources Research Center, School of Health Management and Information
Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Habib Omranikhoo
- Department of Public Health, School of
Health, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran,Habib Omranikhoo, Department of Public
Health, School of Health, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Medical
University Campus, Sabzabad Street, Bushehr 7518759577, Iran.
| | - Abdolrasool Khosravi
- Department of Medical Library and
Information Science, Faculty of Paramedicine, Bushehr University of Medical
Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Saeed Keshmiri
- Faculty of Medicine, Bushehr University
of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Hossien Ghaedi
- Department of Environmental Health
Engineering, Faculty of Health, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr,
Iran
| | - Abolghasem Pourreza
- Department of Health Promotion and
Education, School of Public Health, Community Based Participatory Research Center,
Iranian Institute for reduction of High- Risk Behaviors, Tehran University of
Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Mumin FI, Wesonga FD, Handuleh JIM, White RG, Mor SM. COVID-19 and its prevention in internally displaced person (IDP) camps in Somalia: impact on livelihood, food security and mental health. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:2414. [PMID: 36550473 PMCID: PMC9779940 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-14878-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Somalia has over 2.6 million internally displaced people (IDP) that depend on daily wages and humanitarian assistance for their livelihoods. This study investigated the impact of COVID-19 on livelihoods, food security and mental health of Somalia's IDPs. METHODS A questionnaire was conducted with "breadwinners" (n = 585) residing in 15 randomly selected IDP camps. Mental health was assessed using the 5-item World Health Organization Wellbeing Index (WHO-5) and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Multivariable regression was used to explore the effect of depressive symptoms on soap use and ability to pay for food/medicine/rent. RESULTS Knowledge of COVID-19 symptoms, transmission and prevention was relatively high, however only 55% reported using soap for hand washing. Around one third perceived that prohibition of public gatherings had negatively impacted weekly earnings. Participants reported difficulty buying food (85%), medicine (82%) and paying rent (51%) because of COVID-19. The majority were assessed as having low wellbeing and high depressive symptoms (mean WHO-5 = 44.2/100; mean PHQ-9 = 18.6/27), with most (74%) indicating that they felt worse than before the pandemic. Compared to people with low depressive symptoms, people with high depressive symptoms were less likely to use soap (aOR = 0.3, 95% CI = 0.2, 0.7; P < 0.001) and more likely to report difficulty buying food (aOR = 2.2; 95% CI = 1.1, 4.3; P = 0.02). CONCLUSION COVID-19 and associated restrictions have negatively impacted Somalia's internally displaced population. Livelihood and mental health support is urgently needed in the recovery phase of the pandemic and should be factored into future pandemic planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farah I. Mumin
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Red Sea University, Bosaso, Somalia
| | - Fred D. Wesonga
- IGAD Sheikh Technical Veterinary School, Sheikh , Somaliland
| | - Jibril I. M. Handuleh
- Department of Psychiatry, Saint Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia ,grid.448938.a0000 0004 5984 8524School of Public Health, Amoud University, Borama, Somaliland
| | - Ross G. White
- grid.4777.30000 0004 0374 7521School of Psychology, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Siobhan M. Mor
- grid.10025.360000 0004 1936 8470Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK ,grid.419369.00000 0000 9378 4481International Livestock Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Huynh G, Nguyen BT, Nguyen HTN, Le NT, An PL, Tran TD. Health-Related Quality of Life Among Patients Recovered From COVID-19. INQUIRY : A JOURNAL OF MEDICAL CARE ORGANIZATION, PROVISION AND FINANCING 2022; 59:469580221143630. [PMID: 36527371 PMCID: PMC9760520 DOI: 10.1177/00469580221143630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has impacted the lives and well-being of individuals worldwide, affecting both short-term and long-term quality of life. This study aimed to assess health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and associated factors among patients who have recovered from COVID-19. A cross-sectional survey was conducted at 2 hospitals in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam between January and March 2022. Data were obtained from patients who recovered from COVID-19 using a structured questionnaire which included the EuroQoL-5 Dimension-5 Level (EQ-5D-5L) scale to quantify problems in 5 health dimensions (mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort, anxiety/depression) and the EuroQoL-Visual Analog Scale (EQ-VAS) to determine self-rated health status. Factors associated with HRQoL were determined using a generalized linear model (GLM). A total of 325 participants were included in the analysis. The overall mean score from the EQ-5D-5L and EQ-VAS was 0.86 (SD 0.21) and 78.6 (SD 19.9), respectively. Anxiety/Depression and Pain/Discomfort were the major problems experienced by the participants. Lower HRQoL scores were reported among those who were 60 years and older, female, had comorbidities, persistent symptoms, living alone and experiencing stress (all P < .05). This study showed that there was a significant reduction in HRQoL among individuals who recovered from COVID-19, compared with the general population. The findings suggest that more interventions need to be implemented to increase such individuals' quality of life, particularly for those who exhibit high-risk factors such as females, those with comorbidities, persistent symptoms, living alone and experiencing from stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giao Huynh
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy at
Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam,Giao Huynh, MD, PhD, University of Medicine
and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, 217 Hong Bang Street, District 5, Ho Chi Minh
City 700000, Vietnam.
| | | | | | | | - Pham Le An
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy at
Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Tuan Diep Tran
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy at
Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
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Overcoming global inequality is critical for land-based mitigation in line with the Paris Agreement. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7453. [PMID: 36460636 PMCID: PMC9718475 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35114-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Transformation pathways for the land sector in line with the Paris Agreement depend on the assumption of globally implemented greenhouse gas (GHG) emission pricing, and in some cases also on inclusive socio-economic development and sustainable land-use practices. In such pathways, the majority of GHG emission reductions in the land system is expected to come from low- and middle-income countries, which currently account for a large share of emissions from agriculture, forestry and other land use (AFOLU). However, in low- and middle-income countries the economic, financial and institutional barriers for such transformative changes are high. Here, we show that if sustainable development in the land sector remained highly unequal and limited to high-income countries only, global AFOLU emissions would remain substantial throughout the 21st century. Our model-based projections highlight that overcoming global inequality is critical for land-based mitigation in line with the Paris Agreement. While also a scenario purely based on either global GHG emission pricing or on inclusive socio-economic development would achieve the stringent emissions reductions required, only the latter ensures major co-benefits for other Sustainable Development Goals, especially in low- and middle-income regions.
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50
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Malik S, Mihm B, von Suchodoletz A. COVID-19 lockdowns and children's health and well-being. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 93:102549. [PMID: 36093121 PMCID: PMC9448635 DOI: 10.1016/j.joep.2022.102549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This paper studies the health and well-being of children during the COVID-19 lockdowns in a developing country context. Using surveys for low-income households in rural areas of Pakistan, we find that lockdowns are associated with worsened health and well-being of children. Exploring potential economic and noneconomic mechanisms behind this negative association, we find that children participating in the labor market due to extreme poverty suffer the worst impact from lockdowns. These results call for policies that target resources towards households where children's participation in the labor market is more likely since leaving vulnerable children behind will have a lasting economic impact for developing economies.
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