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Li T, Deng S, Liu H, Chen J. Insights into Strain Engineering: From Ferroelectrics to Related Functional Materials and Beyond. Chem Rev 2024. [PMID: 38754042 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Ferroelectrics have become indispensable components in various application fields, including information processing, energy harvesting, and electromechanical conversion, owing to their unique ability to exhibit electrically or mechanically switchable polarization. The distinct polar noncentrosymmetric lattices of ferroelectrics make them highly responsive to specific crystal structures. Even slight changes in the lattice can alter the polarization configuration and response to external fields. In this regard, strain engineering has emerged as a prevalent regulation approach that not only offers a versatile platform for structural and performance optimization within ferroelectrics but also unlocks boundless potential in various functional materials. In this review, we systematically summarize the breakthroughs in ferroelectric-based functional materials achieved through strain engineering and progress in method development. We cover research activities ranging from fundamental attributes to wide-ranging applications and novel functionalities ranging from electromechanical transformation in sensors and actuators to tunable dielectric materials and information technologies, such as transistors and nonvolatile memories. Building upon these achievements, we also explore the endeavors to uncover the unprecedented properties through strain engineering in related chemical functionalities, such as ferromagnetism, multiferroicity, and photoelectricity. Finally, through discussions on the prospects and challenges associated with strain engineering in the materials, this review aims to stimulate the development of new methods for strain regulation and performance boosting in functional materials, transcending the boundaries of ferroelectrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Li
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Shiqing Deng
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
- Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
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2
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Wan K, He J, Shi X. Construction of High Accuracy Machine Learning Interatomic Potential for Surface/Interface of Nanomaterials-A Review. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2305758. [PMID: 37640376 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202305758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
The inherent discontinuity and unique dimensional attributes of nanomaterial surfaces and interfaces bestow them with various exceptional properties. These properties, however, also introduce difficulties for both experimental and computational studies. The advent of machine learning interatomic potential (MLIP) addresses some of the limitations associated with empirical force fields, presenting a valuable avenue for accurate simulations of these surfaces/interfaces of nanomaterials. Central to this approach is the idea of capturing the relationship between system configuration and potential energy, leveraging the proficiency of machine learning (ML) to precisely approximate high-dimensional functions. This review offers an in-depth examination of MLIP principles and their execution and elaborates on their applications in the realm of nanomaterial surface and interface systems. The prevailing challenges faced by this potent methodology are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiwei Wan
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jianxin He
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xinghua Shi
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
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3
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Wang H, He Q, Gao X, Shang Y, Zhu W, Zhao W, Chen Z, Gong H, Yang Y. Multifunctional High Entropy Alloys Enabled by Severe Lattice Distortion. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2305453. [PMID: 37561587 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202305453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Since 2004, the design of high entropy alloys (HEAs) has generated significant interest within the materials science community due to their exceptional structural and functional properties. By incorporating multiple principal elements into a common lattice, it is possible to create a single-phase crystal with a highly distorted lattice. This unique feature enables HEAs to offer a promising combination of mechanical and physical properties that are not typically observed in conventional alloys. In this article, an extensive overview of multifunctional HEAs that exhibit severe lattice distortion is provided, covering the theoretical models that are developed to understand lattice distortion, the experimental and computational methods employ to characterize lattice distortion, and most importantly, the impact of severe lattice distortion on the mechanical, physical and electrochemical properties of HEAs. Through this review, it is hoped to stimulate further research into the study of distorted lattices in crystalline solids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Quanfeng He
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- Institute of Materials Modification and Modeling, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Yinghui Shang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- City University of Hong Kong (Dongguan), Dongguan, Guangdong, 523000, China
| | - Wenqing Zhu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- State Key Laboratory for Turbulence and Complex System, Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Weijiang Zhao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- Powder Metallurgy Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, China
| | - Zhaoqi Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Hao Gong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Yong Yang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
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4
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Zhao B, Ren G, Mei H, Wu VC, Singh S, Jung GY, Chen H, Giovine R, Niu S, Thind AS, Salman J, Settineri NS, Chakoumakos BC, Manley ME, Hermann RP, Lupini AR, Chi M, Hachtel JA, Simonov A, Teat SJ, Clément RJ, Kats MA, Ravichandran J, Mishra R. Giant Modulation of Refractive Index from Picoscale Atomic Displacements. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2311559. [PMID: 38520395 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202311559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
It is shown that structural disorder-in the form of anisotropic, picoscale atomic displacements-modulates the refractive index tensor and results in the giant optical anisotropy observed in BaTiS3, a quasi-1D hexagonal chalcogenide. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies reveal the presence of antipolar displacements of Ti atoms within adjacent TiS6 chains along the c-axis, and threefold degenerate Ti displacements in the a-b plane. 47/49Ti solid-state NMR provides additional evidence for those Ti displacements in the form of a three-horned NMR lineshape resulting from a low symmetry local environment around Ti atoms. Scanning transmission electron microscopy is used to directly observe the globally disordered Ti a-b plane displacements and find them to be ordered locally over a few unit cells. First-principles calculations show that the Ti a-b plane displacements selectively reduce the refractive index along the ab-plane, while having minimal impact on the refractive index along the chain direction, thus resulting in a giant enhancement in the optical anisotropy. By showing a strong connection between structural disorder with picoscale displacements and the optical response in BaTiS3, this study opens a pathway for designing optical materials with high refractive index and functionalities such as large optical anisotropy and nonlinearity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyang Zhao
- Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Guodong Ren
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Hongyan Mei
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Vincent C Wu
- Materials Department and Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Shantanu Singh
- Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Gwan Yeong Jung
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Huandong Chen
- Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Raynald Giovine
- Materials Department and Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Shanyuan Niu
- Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Arashdeep S Thind
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Jad Salman
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Nick S Settineri
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Bryan C Chakoumakos
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Michael E Manley
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Raphael P Hermann
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Andrew R Lupini
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Miaofang Chi
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Jordan A Hachtel
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Arkadiy Simonov
- Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, Zürich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Simon J Teat
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Raphaële J Clément
- Materials Department and Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Mikhail A Kats
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Jayakanth Ravichandran
- Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
- Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
- Core Center of Excellence in Nano Imaging, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Rohan Mishra
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
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5
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Liu H, Sun Z, Zhang J, Luo H, Zhang Y, Sanson A, Hinterstein M, Liu L, Neuefeind JC, Chen J. Chemical Framework to Design Linear-like Relaxors toward Capacitive Energy Storage. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:3498-3507. [PMID: 38263683 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c13405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
ABO3-type perovskite relaxor ferroelectrics (RFEs) have emerged as the preferred option for dielectric capacitive energy storage. However, the compositional design of RFEs with high energy density and efficiency poses significant challenges owing to the vast compositional space and the absence of general rules. Here, we present an atomic-level chemical framework that captures inherent characteristics in terms of radius and ferroelectric activity of ions. By categorizing A/B-site ions as host framework, rattling, ferroelectrically active, and blocking ions and assembling these four types of ions with specific criteria, linear-like relaxors with weak locally correlated and highly extendable unit-cell polarization vectors can be constructed. As example, we demonstrate two new compositions of Bi0.5K0.5TiO3-based and BaTiO3-based relaxors, showing extremely high recoverable energy densities of 17.3 and 12.1 J cm-3, respectively, both with a high efficiency of about 90%. Further, the role of different types of ions in forming heterogeneous polar structures is identified through element-specific local structure analysis using neutron total scattering combined with reverse Monte Carlo modeling. Our work not only opens up new avenues toward rational compositional design of high energy storage performance lead-free RFEs but also sheds light on atomic-level manipulation of functional properties in compositionally complex ferroelectrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zheng Sun
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ji Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210094, China
| | - Huajie Luo
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yuanpeng Zhang
- Chemical and Engineering Materials Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Andrea Sanson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy & Department of Management and Engineering, University of Padova, Padova I-35131, Italy
| | - Manuel Hinterstein
- Fraunhofer Institute for Mechanics of Materials IWM, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Laijun Liu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Joerg C Neuefeind
- Chemical and Engineering Materials Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Jun Chen
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
- Hainan University, Haikou 570228, Hainan, China
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6
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Liu H, Sun Z, Zhang J, Luo H, Yao Y, Wang X, Qi H, Deng S, Liu J, Gallington LC, Zhang Y, Neuefeind JC, Chen J. Local Chemical Clustering Enabled Ultrahigh Capacitive Energy Storage in Pb-Free Relaxors. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:19396-19404. [PMID: 37606548 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c06912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Designing Pb-free relaxors with both a high capacitive energy density (Wrec) and high storage efficiency (η) remains a remarkable challenge for cutting-edge pulsed power technologies. Local compositional heterogeneity is crucial for achieving complex polar structure in solid solution relaxors, but its role in optimizing energy storage properties is often overlooked. Here, we report that an exceptionally high Wrec of 15.2 J cm-3 along with an ultrahigh η of 91% can be achieved through designing local chemical clustering in Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3-BaTiO3-based relaxors. A three-dimensional atomistic model derived from neutron/X-ray total scattering combined with reverse Monte Carlo method reveals the presence of subnanometer scale clustering of Bi, Na, and Ba, which host differentiated polar displacements, and confirming the prediction by density functional theory calculations. This leads to a polar state with small polar clusters and strong length and direction fluctuations in unit-cell polar vectors, thus manifesting improved high-field polarizability, steadily reduced hysteresis, and high breakdown strength macroscopically. The favorable polar structure features also result in a unique field-increased η, excellent stability, and superior discharge capacity. Our work demonstrates that the hidden local chemical order exerts a significant impact on the polarization characteristic of relaxors, and can be exploited for accessing superior energy storage performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zheng Sun
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ji Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210094, China
| | - Huajie Luo
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yonghao Yao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xingcheng Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - He Qi
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Shiqing Deng
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jue Liu
- Chemical and Engineering Materials Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Leighanne C Gallington
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Yuanpeng Zhang
- Chemical and Engineering Materials Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Joerg C Neuefeind
- Chemical and Engineering Materials Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Jun Chen
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
- Hainan University, Haikou 570228, Hainan Province, China
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7
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Holtz ME, Padgett E, Johnston-Peck AC, Levin I, Muller DA, Herzing AA. Mapping Polar Distortions using Nanobeam Electron Diffraction and a Cepstral Approach. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2023; 29:1422-1435. [PMID: 37488825 DOI: 10.1093/micmic/ozad070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Measuring local polar ordering is key to understanding ferroelectricity in thin films, especially for systems with small domains or significant disorder. Scanning nanobeam electron diffraction (NBED) provides an effective local probe of lattice parameters, local fields, polarization directions, and charge densities, which can be analyzed using a relatively low beam dose over large fields of view. However, quantitatively extracting the magnitudes and directions of polarization vectors from NBED remains challenging. Here, we use a cepstral approach, similar to a pair distribution function, to determine local polar displacements that drive ferroelectricity from NBED patterns. Because polar distortions generate asymmetry in the diffraction pattern intensity, we can efficiently recover the underlying displacements from the imaginary part of the cepstrum transform. We investigate the limits of this technique using analytical and simulated data and give experimental examples, achieving the order of 1.1 pm precision and mapping of polar displacements with nanometer resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan E Holtz
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, 142 Sciences Drive, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, 1301 19th Street, Golden, CO 80401, USA
| | - Elliot Padgett
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, 142 Sciences Drive, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Aaron C Johnston-Peck
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Igor Levin
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - David A Muller
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, 142 Sciences Drive, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Andrew A Herzing
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
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8
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Ge Y, Huang B, Li L, Yun Q, Shi Z, Chen B, Zhang H. Structural Transformation of Unconventional-Phase Materials. ACS NANO 2023. [PMID: 37428980 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c01922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
The structural transformation of materials, which involves the evolution of different structural features, including phase, composition, morphology, etc., under external conditions, represents an important fundamental phenomenon and has drawn substantial research interest. Recently, materials with unconventional phases that are different from their thermodynamically stable ones have been demonstrated to possess distinct properties and compelling functions and can further serve as starting materials for structural transformation studies. The identification and mechanism study of the structural transformation process of unconventional-phase starting materials can not only provide deep insights into their thermodynamic stability in potential applications but also offer effective approaches for the synthesis of other unconventional structures. Here, we briefly summarize the recent research progress on the structural transformation of some typical starting materials with various unconventional phases, including the metastable crystalline phase, amorphous phase, and heterophase, induced by different approaches. The importance of unconventional-phase starting materials in the structural modulation of resultant intermediates and products will be highlighted. The employment of diverse in situ/operando characterization techniques and theoretical simulations in studying the mechanism of the structural transformation process will also be introduced. Finally, we discuss the existing challenges in this emerging research field and provide some future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyao Ge
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Biao Huang
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Branch of National Precious Metals Material Engineering Research Center (NPMM), City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lujiang Li
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qinbai Yun
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhenyu Shi
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Bo Chen
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Branch of National Precious Metals Material Engineering Research Center (NPMM), City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518057, China
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9
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Tian Z, Xu M, Kim J, Pan H, Lou D, Huang X, LeBeau JM, Martin LW. Tunable Artificial Relaxor Behavior in [BaTiO_{3}]_{m}/[BaZrO_{3}]_{n} Superlattices. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:266801. [PMID: 37450818 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.266801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
[BaTiO_{3}]_{m}/[BaZrO_{3}]_{n} (m, n=4-12) superlattices are used to demonstrate the fabrication and deterministic control of an artificial relaxor. X-ray diffraction and atomic-resolution imaging studies confirm the production of high-quality heterostructures. With decreasing BaTiO_{3} layer thickness, dielectric measurements reveal systematically lower dielectric-maximum temperatures, while hysteresis loops and third-harmonic nonlinearity studies suggest a transition from ferroelectriclike to relaxorlike behavior driven by tuning the random-field strength. This system provides a novel platform for studying the size effect and interaction length scale of the nanoscale-polar structures in relaxors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zishen Tian
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Michael Xu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Jieun Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Hao Pan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Djamila Lou
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Xiaoxi Huang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - James M LeBeau
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Lane W Martin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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10
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López-Haro M, Gómez-Recio I, Pan H, Delgado JJ, Chen X, Cauqui MA, Pérez-Omil JA, Ruiz-González ML, Hernando M, Parras M, González-Calbet JM, Calvino JJ. Quantitative, Spectro-kinetic Analysis of Oxygen in Electron-Beam Sensitive, Multimetallic Oxide Nanostructures. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2023; 29:900-912. [PMID: 37749688 DOI: 10.1093/micmic/ozad037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
The oxygen stoichiometry of hollandite, KxMnO2-δ, nanorods has been accurately determined from a quantitative analysis of scanning-transmission electron microscopy (STEM) X-Ray Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (XEDS) experiments carried out in chrono-spectroscopy mode. A methodology combining 3D reconstructions of high-angle annular dark field electron tomography experiments, using compressed-sensing algorithms, and quantification through the so-called ζ-factors method of XEDS spectra recorded on a high-sensitivity detector has been devised to determine the time evolution of the oxygen content of nanostructures of electron-beam sensitive oxides. Kinetic modeling of O-stoichiometry data provided K0.13MnO1.98 as overall composition for nanorods of the hollandite. The quantitative agreement, within a 1% mol error, observed with results obtained by macroscopic techniques (temperature-programmed reduction and neutron diffraction) validate the proposed methodology for the quantitative analysis, at the nanoscale, of light elements, as it is the case of oxygen, in the presence of heavy ones (K, Mn) in the highly compromised case of nanostructured materials which are prone to electron-beam reduction. Moreover, quantitative comparison of oxygen evolution data measured at macroscopic and nanoscopic levels allowed us to rationalize beam damage effects in structural terms and clarify the exact nature of the different steps involved in the reduction of these oxides with hydrogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel López-Haro
- Departamento de Ciencia de los Materiales e Ingeniería Metalúrgica y Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Cádiz, Campus Rio San Pedro, 11510-Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Isabel Gómez-Recio
- Departamento de Quı́ mica Inorgá nica, Facultad de Ciencias Quı́ micas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza de las Ciencias, Ciudad Universitaria, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Huiyan Pan
- Departamento de Ciencia de los Materiales e Ingeniería Metalúrgica y Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Cádiz, Campus Rio San Pedro, 11510-Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Juan J Delgado
- Departamento de Ciencia de los Materiales e Ingeniería Metalúrgica y Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Cádiz, Campus Rio San Pedro, 11510-Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Xiaowei Chen
- Departamento de Ciencia de los Materiales e Ingeniería Metalúrgica y Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Cádiz, Campus Rio San Pedro, 11510-Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Miguel A Cauqui
- Departamento de Ciencia de los Materiales e Ingeniería Metalúrgica y Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Cádiz, Campus Rio San Pedro, 11510-Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - José A Pérez-Omil
- Departamento de Ciencia de los Materiales e Ingeniería Metalúrgica y Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Cádiz, Campus Rio San Pedro, 11510-Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - María L Ruiz-González
- Departamento de Quı́ mica Inorgá nica, Facultad de Ciencias Quı́ micas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza de las Ciencias, Ciudad Universitaria, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - María Hernando
- Departamento de Quı́ mica Inorgá nica, Facultad de Ciencias Quı́ micas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza de las Ciencias, Ciudad Universitaria, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Marina Parras
- Departamento de Quı́ mica Inorgá nica, Facultad de Ciencias Quı́ micas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza de las Ciencias, Ciudad Universitaria, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - José M González-Calbet
- Departamento de Quı́ mica Inorgá nica, Facultad de Ciencias Quı́ micas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza de las Ciencias, Ciudad Universitaria, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - José J Calvino
- Departamento de Ciencia de los Materiales e Ingeniería Metalúrgica y Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Cádiz, Campus Rio San Pedro, 11510-Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
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11
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Yuan R, Kumar A, Zhuang S, Cucciniello N, Lu T, Xue D, Penn A, Mazza AR, Jia Q, Liu Y, Xue D, Li J, Hu JM, LeBeau JM, Chen A. Machine Learning-Enabled Superior Energy Storage in Ferroelectric Films with a Slush-Like Polar State. NANO LETTERS 2023. [PMID: 37224193 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c00277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Heterogeneities in structure and polarization have been employed to enhance the energy storage properties of ferroelectric films. The presence of nonpolar phases, however, weakens the net polarization. Here, we achieve a slush-like polar state with fine domains of different ferroelectric polar phases by narrowing the large combinatorial space of likely candidates using machine learning methods. The formation of the slush-like polar state at the nanoscale in cation-doped BaTiO3 films is simulated by phase field simulation and confirmed by aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy. The large polarization and the delayed polarization saturation lead to greatly enhanced energy density of 80 J/cm3 and transfer efficiency of 85% over a wide temperature range. Such a data-driven design recipe for a slush-like polar state is generally applicable to quickly optimize functionalities of ferroelectric materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruihao Yuan
- T-4, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Abinash Kumar
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Shihao Zhuang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Nicholas Cucciniello
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies (CINT), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
- Department of Materials Design and Innovation, University at Buffalo-The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Teng Lu
- Research School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Deqing Xue
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Aubrey Penn
- MIT.nano, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Alessandro R Mazza
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies (CINT), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Quanxi Jia
- Department of Materials Design and Innovation, University at Buffalo-The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Yun Liu
- Research School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Dezhen Xue
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Jinshan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Jia-Mian Hu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - James M LeBeau
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Aiping Chen
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies (CINT), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
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12
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Hwang SY, Lee GJ, Qi Y, Listyawan MA, Song K, Kang Y, Ryu J, Lu X, Lee MK, Choi SY. Enhanced thermal stability by short-range ordered ferroelectricity in K 0.5Na 0.5NbO 3-based piezoelectric oxides. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2023. [PMID: 37114873 DOI: 10.1039/d3mh00285c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Industrial application of lead-free piezoelectric ceramics is prevented by intrinsic thermal instability. Herein, we propose a method to achieve outstanding thermal stability of converse piezoelectric constant () in lead-free potassium sodium niobate (KNN)-based ceramics by inducing a synergistic interaction between the grain size and polar configuration. Based on computational methods using phase-field simulations and first-principles calculations, the relationship between the grain size and polar configuration is demonstrated, and the possibility of achieving improved thermal stability in fine grains is suggested. A set of KNN systems is presented with meticulous dopant control near the chemical composition at which the grain size changes abnormally. Comparing the two representative samples with coarse and fine grains, significant enhancement in the thermal stability of is exhibited up to 300 °C in the fine grains. The origin of the thermal superiority in fine-grained ceramics is identified through an extensive study from a microstructural perspective. The thermal stability is realized in a device by successfully demonstrating the temperature dependence of piezoelectricity. It is notable that this is the first time that lead-free piezoelectric ceramics are able to achieve exceptionally stable piezoelectricity up to 300 °C, which actualizes their applicability as piezoelectric devices with high thermal stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Yoon Hwang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea.
| | - Gyoung-Ja Lee
- Nuclear System Integrity Sensing & Diagnosis Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daejeon 34057, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yuzhao Qi
- School of Civil Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Michael Abraham Listyawan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Song
- Department of Materials Analysis and Evaluation, Korea Institute of Materials Science, Changwon 51508, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngho Kang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungho Ryu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Xiaoyan Lu
- School of Civil Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Min-Ku Lee
- Nuclear System Integrity Sensing & Diagnosis Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daejeon 34057, Republic of Korea.
| | - Si-Young Choi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea.
- Center for Van der Waals Quantum Solids, Institute for Basic Science, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
- Department of Semiconductor Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
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13
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Qi H, Hu T, Deng S, Liu H, Fu Z, Chen J. Giant dynamic electromechanical response via field driven pseudo-ergodicity in nonergodic relaxors. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2414. [PMID: 37105995 PMCID: PMC10140180 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38006-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Enhanced electromechanical response can commonly be found during the crossover from normal to relaxor ferroelectric state, making relaxors to be potential candidates for actuators. In this work, (Pb0.917La0.083)(Zr0.65Ti0.35)0.97925O3 ceramic was taken as a case study, which shows a critical nonergodic state with both double-like P-E loop and irreversible relaxor-normal ferroelectric phase after poling at room temperature. The low-hysteresis linear-like S-P2 loop, in-situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscope results suggest that the nonpolar relaxor state acts as a bridge during polarization reorientation process, accompanying which lattice strain contributes to 61.8% of the total strain. In other words, the transformation from normal ferroelectric to nonergodic relaxor state could be triggered by electric field through polarization contraction, which could change to be spontaneously with slightly increasing temperature in the nonergodic relaxor zone. Therefore, pseudo-ergodicity in nonergodic relaxors (i.e. reversible nonergodic-normal ferroelectric phase transition) driven by periodic electric field should be the main mechanism for obtaining large electrostrain close to the nonergodic-ergodic relaxor boundary. This work provides new insights into polarization reorientation process in relaxor ferroelectrics, especially phase instability in nonergodic relaxor zone approaching to freezing temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Qi
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
- School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Tengfei Hu
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructures, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China
| | - Shiqing Deng
- School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Hui Liu
- School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Zhengqian Fu
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructures, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China.
| | - Jun Chen
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China.
- Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, Hainan Province, China.
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14
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Li X, Zhong H, Lin T, Meng F, Gao A, Liu Z, Su D, Jin K, Ge C, Zhang Q, Gu L. Polarization Switching and Correlated Phase Transitions in Fluorite-Structure ZrO 2 Nanocrystals. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023:e2207736. [PMID: 37044111 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202207736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Unconventional ferroelectricity in fluorite-structure oxides enables tremendous opportunities in nanoelectronics owing to their superior scalability and silicon compatibility. However, their polarization order and switching process remain elusive due to the challenges of visualizing oxygen ions in nanocrystalline films. In this work, the oxygen shifting during polarization switching and correlated polar-nonpolar phase transitions are directly captured among multiple metastable phases in freestanding ZrO2 thin films by low-dose integrated differential phase-contrast scanning transmission electron microscopy (iDPC-STEM). Bidirectional transitions between antiferroelectric and ferroelectric orders and interfacial polarization relaxation are clarified at unit-cell scale. Meanwhile, polarization switching is strongly correlated with Zr-O displacement in reversible martensitic transformation between monoclinic and orthorhombic phases and two-step tetrahedral-to-orthorhombic phase transition. These findings provide atomic insights into the transition pathways between metastable polymorphs and unravel the evolution of polarization orders in (anti)ferroelectric fluorite oxides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyan Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hai Zhong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ting Lin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Fanqi Meng
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Ang Gao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhuohui Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Dong Su
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Kuijuan Jin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100049, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China
| | - Chen Ge
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- Yangtze River Delta Physics Research Center Co. Ltd., Liyang, 213300, China
| | - Lin Gu
- Beijing National Center for Electron Microscopy and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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15
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Li J, Qu W, Daniels J, Wu H, Liu L, Wu J, Wang M, Checchia S, Yang S, Lei H, Lv R, Zhang Y, Wang D, Li X, Ding X, Sun J, Xu Z, Chang Y, Zhang S, Li F. Lead zirconate titanate ceramics with aligned crystallite grains. Science 2023; 380:87-93. [PMID: 37023196 DOI: 10.1126/science.adf6161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
The piezoelectric properties of lead zirconate titanate [Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 or PZT] ceramics could be enhanced by fabricating textured ceramics that would align the crystal grains along specific orientations. We present a seed-passivated texturing process to fabricate textured PZT ceramics by using newly developed Ba(Zr,Ti)O3 microplatelet templates. This process not only ensures the template-induced grain growth in titanium-rich PZT layers but also facilitates desired composition through interlayer diffusion of zirconium and titanium. We successfully prepared textured PZT ceramics with outstanding properties, including Curie temperatures of 360°C, piezoelectric coefficients d33 of 760 picocoulombs per newton and g33 of 100 millivolt meters per newton, and electromechanical couplings k33 of 0.85. This study addresses the challenge of fabricating textured rhombohedral PZT ceramics by suppressing the otherwise severe chemical reaction between PZT powder and titanate templates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinglei Li
- Electronic Materials Research Laboratory (Key Lab of Education Ministry), State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials and School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Wanbo Qu
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - John Daniels
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Haijun Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Linjing Liu
- Functional Materials and Acousto-Optic Instruments Institute, School of Instrumentation Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Jie Wu
- Electronic Materials Research Laboratory (Key Lab of Education Ministry), State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials and School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Mingwen Wang
- Electronic Materials Research Laboratory (Key Lab of Education Ministry), State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials and School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Stefano Checchia
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Shuai Yang
- Electronic Materials Research Laboratory (Key Lab of Education Ministry), State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials and School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Haobin Lei
- Electronic Materials Research Laboratory (Key Lab of Education Ministry), State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials and School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Rui Lv
- Functional Materials and Acousto-Optic Instruments Institute, School of Instrumentation Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Instrumental Analysis Center of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Danyang Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Xuexin Li
- Electronic Materials Research Laboratory (Key Lab of Education Ministry), State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials and School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Xiangdong Ding
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Jun Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Zhuo Xu
- Electronic Materials Research Laboratory (Key Lab of Education Ministry), State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials and School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Yunfei Chang
- Functional Materials and Acousto-Optic Instruments Institute, School of Instrumentation Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Shujun Zhang
- Institute of Superconducting and Electronic Materials, Australian Institute for Innovative Materials, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Fei Li
- Electronic Materials Research Laboratory (Key Lab of Education Ministry), State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials and School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
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16
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Qian Q, Wan Z, Takenaka H, Keum JK, Smart TJ, Wang L, Wang P, Zhou J, Ren H, Xu D, Huang Y, Ping Y, Duan X. Photocarrier-induced persistent structural polarization in soft-lattice lead halide perovskites. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 18:357-364. [PMID: 36702955 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-022-01306-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The success of the lead halide perovskites in diverse optoelectronics has motivated considerable interest in their fundamental photocarrier dynamics. Here we report the discovery of photocarrier-induced persistent structural polarization and local ferroelectricity in lead halide perovskites. Photoconductance studies of thin-film single-crystal CsPbBr3 at 10 K reveal long-lasting persistent photoconductance with an ultralong photocarrier lifetime beyond 106 s. X-ray diffraction studies reveal that photocarrier-induced structural polarization is present up to a critical freezing temperature. Photocapacitance studies at cryogenic temperatures further demonstrate a systematic local phase transition from linear dielectric to paraelectric and relaxor ferroelectric under increasing illumination. Our theoretical investigations highlight the critical role of photocarrier-phonon coupling and large polaron formation in driving the local relaxor ferroelectric phase transition. Our findings show that this photocarrier-induced persistent structural polarization enables the formation of ferroelectric nanodomains at low temperature, which suppress carrier recombination and offer the possibility of exploring intriguing carrier-phonon interplay and the rich polaron photophysics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Qian
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Zhong Wan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Hiroyuki Takenaka
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Jong K Keum
- Center for Nanophase Materials Science and Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Tyler J Smart
- Department of Physics, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA
| | - Laiyuan Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Peiqi Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jingyuan Zhou
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Huaying Ren
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Dong Xu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yu Huang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yuan Ping
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA.
| | - Xiangfeng Duan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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17
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Liu H, Shi X, Yao Y, Luo H, Li Q, Huang H, Qi H, Zhang Y, Ren Y, Kelly SD, Roleder K, Neuefeind JC, Chen LQ, Xing X, Chen J. Emergence of high piezoelectricity from competing local polar order-disorder in relaxor ferroelectrics. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1007. [PMID: 36823219 PMCID: PMC9950361 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36749-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Relaxor ferroelectrics are known for outstanding piezoelectric properties, finding a broad range of applications in advanced electromechanical devices. Decoding the origins of the enhanced properties, however, have long been complicated by the heterogeneous local structures. Here, we employ the advanced big-box refinement method by fitting neutron-, X-ray-based total scattering, and X-ray absorption spectrum simultaneously, to extract local atomic polar displacements and construct 3D polar configurations in the classical relaxor ferroelectric Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-PbTiO3. Our results demonstrate that prevailing order-disorder character accompanied by the continuous rotation of local polar displacements commands the composition-driven global structure evolution. The omnidirectional local polar disordering appears as an indication of macroscopic relaxor characteristics. Combined with phase-field simulations, it demonstrates that the competing local polar order-disorder between different states with balanced local polar length and direction randomness leads to a flattening free-energy profile over a wide polar length, thus giving rise to high piezoelectricity. Our work clarifies that the critical structural feature required for high piezoelectricity is the competition states of local polar rather than relaxor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 100083, Beijing, China. .,Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 100083, Beijing, China.
| | - Xiaoming Shi
- grid.43555.320000 0000 8841 6246School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, 100081 Beijing, China
| | - Yonghao Yao
- grid.69775.3a0000 0004 0369 0705Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 100083 Beijing, China ,grid.69775.3a0000 0004 0369 0705Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 100083 Beijing, China
| | - Huajie Luo
- grid.69775.3a0000 0004 0369 0705Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 100083 Beijing, China ,grid.69775.3a0000 0004 0369 0705Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 100083 Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Li
- grid.69775.3a0000 0004 0369 0705Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 100083 Beijing, China
| | - Houbing Huang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, 100081, Beijing, China.
| | - He Qi
- grid.69775.3a0000 0004 0369 0705Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 100083 Beijing, China ,grid.69775.3a0000 0004 0369 0705Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 100083 Beijing, China
| | - Yuanpeng Zhang
- grid.135519.a0000 0004 0446 2659Chemical and Engineering Materials Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA
| | - Yang Ren
- grid.35030.350000 0004 1792 6846Centre for Neutron Scattering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong China
| | - Shelly D. Kelly
- grid.187073.a0000 0001 1939 4845X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439 USA
| | - Krystian Roleder
- grid.11866.380000 0001 2259 4135Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, Katowice, 40007 Poland
| | - Joerg C. Neuefeind
- grid.135519.a0000 0004 0446 2659Chemical and Engineering Materials Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA
| | - Long-Qing Chen
- grid.29857.310000 0001 2097 4281Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 USA
| | - Xianran Xing
- grid.69775.3a0000 0004 0369 0705Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 100083 Beijing, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 100083, Beijing, China. .,Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 100083, Beijing, China.
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18
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Wang G, Hu T, Zhu W, Lu Z, Kleppe A, Diaz Lopez M, Feteira A, Sinclair DC, Fu Z, Huang H, Wang D, Reaney IM. Multiple Local Symmetries Result in a Common Average Polar Axis in High-Strain BiFeO_{3}-Based Ceramics. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:076801. [PMID: 36867791 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.076801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
For the first time, the origin of large electrostrain in pseudocubic BiFeO_{3}-based ceramics is verified with direct structural evidence backed by appropriate simulations. We employ advanced structural and microstructural characterizations of BiFeO_{3}-based ceramics that exhibit large electrostrain (>0.4%) to reveal the existence of multiple, nanoscale local symmetries, dominantly tetragonal or orthorhombic, which have a common, averaged direction of polarization over larger, meso- or microscale regions. Phase-field simulations confirm the existence of local nanoscale symmetries, thereby providing a new vision for designing high-performance lead-free ceramics for high-strain actuators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Wang
- Department of Materials, University of Manchester, Manchester S13 9PL, United Kingdom
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, United Kingdom
| | - Tengfei Hu
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructures, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Shanghai 200050, China
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Wenxuan Zhu
- Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zhilun Lu
- School of Engineering and the Built Environment, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, EH10 5DT, United Kingdom
| | - Annette Kleppe
- Diamond Light Source Ltd., Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Diaz Lopez
- Diamond Light Source Ltd., Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - Antonio Feteira
- Materials and Engineering Research Institute, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield S1 1WB, United Kingdom
| | - Derek C Sinclair
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, United Kingdom
| | - Zhengqian Fu
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructures, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Houbing Huang
- Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Dawei Wang
- Functional Materials and Acousto-Optic Instruments Institute, School of Instrumentation Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Ian M Reaney
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, United Kingdom
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19
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Xie Y, Wang J, Savitzky BH, Chen Z, Wang Y, Betzler S, Bustillo K, Persson K, Cui Y, Wang LW, Ophus C, Ercius P, Zheng H. Spatially resolved structural order in low-temperature liquid electrolyte. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadc9721. [PMID: 36638171 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adc9721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Determining the degree and the spatial extent of structural order in liquids is a grand challenge. Here, we are able to resolve the structural order in a model organic electrolyte of 1 M lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF6) dissolved in 1:1 (v/v) ethylene carbonate:diethylcarbonate by developing an integrated method of liquid-phase transmission electron microscopy (TEM), cryo-TEM operated at -30°C, four-dimensional scanning TEM, and data analysis based on deep learning. This study reveals the presence of short-range order (SRO) in the high-salt concentration domains of the liquid electrolyte from liquid phase separation at the low temperature. Molecular dynamics simulations suggest the SRO originates from the Li+-(PF6-)n (n > 2) local structural order induced by high LiPF6 salt concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujun Xie
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- National Center for Electron Microscopy, Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Jingyang Wang
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Benjamin H Savitzky
- National Center for Electron Microscopy, Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Zheng Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Yu Wang
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Sophia Betzler
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Karen Bustillo
- National Center for Electron Microscopy, Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Kristin Persson
- Energy Technologies Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Yi Cui
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Lin-Wang Wang
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Colin Ophus
- National Center for Electron Microscopy, Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Peter Ercius
- National Center for Electron Microscopy, Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Haimei Zheng
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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20
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Park S, Wang B, Yang T, Kim J, Saremi S, Zhao W, Guzelturk B, Sood A, Nyby C, Zajac M, Shen X, Kozina M, Reid AH, Weathersby S, Wang X, Martin LW, Chen LQ, Lindenberg AM. Light-Driven Ultrafast Polarization Manipulation in a Relaxor Ferroelectric. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:9275-9282. [PMID: 36450036 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c02706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Relaxor ferroelectrics have been intensely studied for decades based on their unique electromechanical responses which arise from local structural heterogeneity involving polar nanoregions or domains. Here, we report first studies of the ultrafast dynamics and reconfigurability of the polarization in freestanding films of the prototypical relaxor 0.68PbMg1/3Nb2/3O3-0.32PbTiO3 (PMN-0.32PT) by probing its atomic-scale response via femtosecond-resolution, electron-scattering approaches. By combining these structural measurements with dynamic phase-field simulations, we show that femtosecond light pulses drive a change in both the magnitude and direction of the polarization vector within polar nanodomains on few-picosecond time scales. This study defines new opportunities for dynamic reconfigurable control of the polarization in nanoscale relaxor ferroelectrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suji Park
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California94025, United States
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California94025, United States
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania16802, United States
| | - Tiannan Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania16802, United States
| | - Jieun Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, California94720, United States
| | - Sahar Saremi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, California94720, United States
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California94720, United States
| | - Wenbo Zhao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, California94720, United States
| | - Burak Guzelturk
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California94025, United States
| | - Aditya Sood
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California94025, United States
| | - Clara Nyby
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California94025, United States
| | - Marc Zajac
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California94025, United States
| | - Xiaozhe Shen
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California94025, United States
| | - Michael Kozina
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California94025, United States
| | - Alexander H Reid
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California94025, United States
| | - Stephen Weathersby
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California94025, United States
| | - Xijie Wang
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California94025, United States
| | - Lane W Martin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, California94720, United States
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California94720, United States
| | - Long-Qing Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania16802, United States
| | - Aaron M Lindenberg
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California94025, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California94305, United States
- PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California94025, United States
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21
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Yang H, Konečná A, Xu X, Cheong SW, Batson PE, García de Abajo FJ, Garfunkel E. Simultaneous Imaging of Dopants and Free Charge Carriers by Monochromated EELS. ACS NANO 2022; 16:18795-18805. [PMID: 36317944 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c07540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Doping inhomogeneities in solids are not uncommon, but their microscopic observation and understanding are limited due to the lack of bulk-sensitive experimental techniques with high enough spatial and spectral resolution. Here, we demonstrate nanoscale imaging of both dopants and free charge carriers in La-doped BaSnO3 (BLSO) using high-resolution electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS). By analyzing high- and low-energy excitations in EELS, we reveal chemical and electronic inhomogeneities within a single BLSO nanocrystal. The inhomogeneous doping leads to distinctive localized infrared surface plasmons, including a previously unobserved plasmon mode that is highly confined between high- and low-doping regions. We further quantify the carrier density, effective mass, and dopant activation percentage by EELS and transport measurements on the bulk single crystals of BLSO. These results not only represent a practical approach for studying heterogeneities in solids and understanding structure-property relationships at the nanoscale, but also demonstrate the possibility of infrared plasmon tuning by leveraging nanoscale doping texture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbin Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey08854, United States
| | - Andrea Konečná
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, 61200Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Xianghan Xu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey08854, United States
| | - Sang-Wook Cheong
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey08854, United States
| | - Philip E Batson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey08854, United States
| | - F Javier García de Abajo
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
- ICREA-Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Passeig Lluís Companys 23, 08010Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eric Garfunkel
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey08854, United States
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey08854, United States
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22
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Xu M, Kumar A, LeBeau JM. Correlating local chemical and structural order using Geographic Information Systems-based spatial statistics. Ultramicroscopy 2022; 243:113642. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2022.113642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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23
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Deciphering the atomic-scale structural origin for large dynamic electromechanical response in lead-free Bi 0.5Na 0.5TiO 3-based relaxor ferroelectrics. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6333. [PMID: 36284109 PMCID: PMC9596697 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34062-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the extraordinary electromechanical properties of relaxor ferroelectrics, correlating their properties to underlying atomic-scale structures remains a decisive challenge for these "mess" systems. Here, taking the lead-free relaxor ferroelectric Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3-based system as an example, we decipher the atomic-scale structure and its relationship to the polar structure evolution and large dynamic electromechanical response, using the direct atomic-scale point-by-point correlation analysis. With judicious chemical modification, we demonstrate the increased defect concentration is the main driving force for deviating polarizations with high-angle walls, leading to the increased random field. Meanwhile, the main driving force for deviating polarizations with low-angle walls changes from the anti-phase oxygen octahedral tilting to the multidirectional A-O displacement, leading to the decreased anisotropy field. Benefiting from the competitive and synergetic equilibrium of anisotropic field versus random field, the facilitated polarization rotation and extension versus facilitated domain switching are identified to be responsible for the giant electromechanical response. These observations lay a foundation for understanding the "composition-structure-property" relationships in relaxor ferroelectric systems, guiding the design of functional materials for electromechanical applications.
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24
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Calderon S, Funni SD, Dickey EC. Accuracy of Local Polarization Measurements by Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2022; 28:1-12. [PMID: 36268839 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927622012429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Accurately determining local polarization at atomic resolution can unveil the mechanisms by which static and dynamical behaviors of the polarization occur, including domain wall motion, defect interaction, and switching mechanisms, advancing us toward the better control of polarized states in materials. In this work, we explore the potential of atomic-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy to measure the projected local polarization at the unit cell length scale. ZnO and PbMg1/3Nb2/3O3 are selected as case studies, to identify microscope parameters that can significantly affect the accuracy of the measured projected polarization vector. Different STEM imaging modalities are used to determine the location of the atomic columns, which, when combined with the Born effective charges, allows for the calculation of local polarization. Our results indicate that differentiated differential phase contrast (dDPC) imaging enhances the accuracy of measuring local polarization relative to other imaging modalities, such as annular bright-field or integrated-DPC imaging. For instance, under certain experimental conditions, the projected spontaneous polarization for ZnO can be calculated with 1.4% error from the theoretical value. Furthermore, we quantify the influence of sample thickness, probe defocus, and crystal mis-tilt on the relative errors of the calculated polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Calderon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Stephen D Funni
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Elizabeth C Dickey
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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25
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Park S, Choi H, Hwang GT, Peddigari M, Ahn CW, Hahn BD, Yoon WH, Lee JW, Park KI, Jang J, Choi JJ, Min Y. Molten-Salt Processed Potassium Sodium Niobate Single-Crystal Microcuboids with Dislocation-Induced Nanodomain Structures and Relaxor Ferroelectric Behavior. ACS NANO 2022; 16:15328-15338. [PMID: 36074084 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c06919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We herein report a facile molten-salt synthetic strategy to prepare transparent and uniform Li, Ba-doped (K,Na)NbO3 (KNN) single-crystal microcuboids (∼80 μm). By controlling the degree of supersaturation, different growth modes were found and the single-crystal microcuboids were synthesized via island-like oriented attachment of KNN particles onto the growing surface. The distinct relaxor ferroelectric (RFE) properties were achieved in the single-crystal microcuboids, which were different from the normal ferroelectric (FE) properties found in their KNN ceramic counterparts prepared through a solid-state reaction using the same initial precursors. The RFE properties were realized by dislocation-induced nanodomain formation during oriented attachment growth of single-crystal microcuboids, which is different from the current strategies to derive the nanodomains by the local compositional inhomogeneity or the application of an electric field. The dislocations served as nucleation sites for ferroelectric domain walls and block the growth of domains. The KNN single-crystal microcuboids exhibited a higher effective piezoelectric coefficient (∼459 pm/V) compared to that of the bulk KNN ceramic counterpart (∼90 pm/V) and showed the broad diffuse maxima in the temperature dependence dielectric permittivity. The high maximum polarization (69.6 μC/cm2) at a relatively low electric field (30 kV/cm) was beneficial for energy storage applications. Furthermore, the KNN-based transparent, flexible pressure sensor directly monitored the mechanical motion of human activity without any external electric power. This study provides insights and synthetic strategies of single-crystal RFE microcuboids for other different perovskites, in which nanodomain structures are primarily imposed by their chemical composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seonhwa Park
- Department of Functional Ceramics, Ceramic Materials Division, Korea Institute of Materials Science (KIMS), Changwon, Gyeongnam 51508, Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Hyunsu Choi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea
| | - Geon-Tae Hwang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea
| | - Mahesh Peddigari
- Department of Functional Ceramics, Ceramic Materials Division, Korea Institute of Materials Science (KIMS), Changwon, Gyeongnam 51508, Korea
| | - Cheol-Woo Ahn
- Department of Functional Ceramics, Ceramic Materials Division, Korea Institute of Materials Science (KIMS), Changwon, Gyeongnam 51508, Korea
| | - Byung-Dong Hahn
- Department of Functional Ceramics, Ceramic Materials Division, Korea Institute of Materials Science (KIMS), Changwon, Gyeongnam 51508, Korea
| | - Woon-Ha Yoon
- Department of Functional Ceramics, Ceramic Materials Division, Korea Institute of Materials Science (KIMS), Changwon, Gyeongnam 51508, Korea
| | - Jung Woo Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Kwi-Il Park
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Jongmoon Jang
- Department of Functional Ceramics, Ceramic Materials Division, Korea Institute of Materials Science (KIMS), Changwon, Gyeongnam 51508, Korea
| | - Jong-Jin Choi
- Department of Functional Ceramics, Ceramic Materials Division, Korea Institute of Materials Science (KIMS), Changwon, Gyeongnam 51508, Korea
| | - Yuho Min
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
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26
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Xu M, Kumar A, LeBeau JM. Towards Augmented Microscopy with Reinforcement Learning-Enhanced Workflows. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2022; 28:1-9. [PMID: 36062363 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927622012193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Here, we report a case study implementation of reinforcement learning (RL) to automate operations in the scanning transmission electron microscopy workflow. To do so, we design a virtual, prototypical RL environment to test and develop a network to autonomously align the electron beam position without prior knowledge. Using this simulator, we evaluate the impact of environment design and algorithm hyperparameters on alignment accuracy and learning convergence, showing robust convergence across a wide hyperparameter space. Additionally, we deploy a successful model on the microscope to validate the approach and demonstrate the value of designing appropriate virtual environments. Consistent with simulated results, the on-microscope RL model achieves convergence to the goal alignment after minimal training. Overall, the results highlight that by taking advantage of RL, microscope operations can be automated without the need for extensive algorithm design, taking another step toward augmenting electron microscopy with machine learning methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Xu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Abinash Kumar
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - James M LeBeau
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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27
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Double-Bilayer polar nanoregions and Mn antisites in (Ca, Sr) 3Mn 2O 7. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4927. [PMID: 35995791 PMCID: PMC9395386 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32090-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The layered perovskite Ca3Mn2O7 (CMO) is a hybrid improper ferroelectric candidate proposed for room temperature multiferroicity, which also displays negative thermal expansion behavior due to a competition between coexisting polar and nonpolar phases. However, little is known about the atomic-scale structure of the polar/nonpolar phase coexistence or the underlying physics of its formation and transition. In this work, we report the direct observation of double bilayer polar nanoregions (db-PNRs) in Ca2.9Sr0.1Mn2O7 using aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy (S/TEM). In-situ TEM heating experiments show that the db-PNRs can exist up to 650 °C. Electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) studies coupled with first-principles calculations demonstrate that the stabilization mechanism of the db-PNRs is directly related to an Mn oxidation state change (from 4+ to 2+), which is linked to the presence of Mn antisite defects. These findings open the door to manipulating phase coexistence and achieving exotic properties in hybrid improper ferroelectric. The competition between the polar and nonpolar phase in the prototypical hybrid improper ferroelectric crystal Ca3Mn2O7 leads to exotic properties. Here, the authors directly imaged the crystal at atomic resolution to understand its nanostructure and discovered the double bilayer polar nanoregion.
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28
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Fernandez A, Acharya M, Lee HG, Schimpf J, Jiang Y, Lou D, Tian Z, Martin LW. Thin-Film Ferroelectrics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2108841. [PMID: 35353395 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202108841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Over the last 30 years, the study of ferroelectric oxides has been revolutionized by the implementation of epitaxial-thin-film-based studies, which have driven many advances in the understanding of ferroelectric physics and the realization of novel polar structures and functionalities. New questions have motivated the development of advanced synthesis, characterization, and simulations of epitaxial thin films and, in turn, have provided new insights and applications across the micro-, meso-, and macroscopic length scales. This review traces the evolution of ferroelectric thin-film research through the early days developing understanding of the roles of size and strain on ferroelectrics to the present day, where such understanding is used to create complex hierarchical domain structures, novel polar topologies, and controlled chemical and defect profiles. The extension of epitaxial techniques, coupled with advances in high-throughput simulations, now stands to accelerate the discovery and study of new ferroelectric materials. Coming hand-in-hand with these new materials is new understanding and control of ferroelectric functionalities. Today, researchers are actively working to apply these lessons in a number of applications, including novel memory and logic architectures, as well as a host of energy conversion devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abel Fernandez
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Megha Acharya
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Han-Gyeol Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Jesse Schimpf
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Yizhe Jiang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Djamila Lou
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Zishen Tian
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Lane W Martin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
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29
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Ma CH, Liao YK, Zheng Y, Zhuang S, Lu SC, Shao PW, Chen JW, Lai YH, Yu P, Hu JM, Huang R, Chu YH. Synthesis of a New Ferroelectric Relaxor Based on a Combination of Antiferroelectric and Paraelectric Systems. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:22278-22286. [PMID: 35523210 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c02281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Relaxor ferroelectric-based energy storage systems are promising candidates for advanced applications as a result of their fast speed and high energy storage density. In the research field of ferroelectrics and relaxor ferroelectrics, the concept of solid solution is widely adopted to modify the overall properties and acquire superior performance. However, the combination between antiferroelectric and paraelectric materials was less studied and discussed. In this study, paraelectric barium hafnate (BaHfO3) and antiferroelectric lead hafnate (PbHfO3) are selected to demonstrate such a combination. A paraelectric to relaxor ferroelectric, to ferroelectric, and to antiferroelectric transition is observed by varying the composition x in the (Ba1-xPbx)HfO3 solid solution from 0 to 100%. It is noteworthy that ferroelectric phases can be realized without primal ferroelectric material. This study creates an original solid solution system with a rich spectrum of competing phases and demonstrates an approach to design relaxor ferroelectrics for energy storage applications and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Hao Ma
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Kai Liao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Yunzhe Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Polar Materials and Devices, Department of Optoelectronics, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, People's Republic of China
| | - Shihao Zhuang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin─Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Si-Cheng Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Pao-Wen Shao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Wei Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hong Lai
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Pu Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Mian Hu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin─Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Rong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Polar Materials and Devices, Department of Optoelectronics, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying-Hao Chu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
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30
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Atomic reconfiguration among tri-state transition at ferroelectric/antiferroelectric phase boundaries in Pb(Zr,Ti)O 3. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1390. [PMID: 35296672 PMCID: PMC8927586 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29079-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Phase boundary provides a fertile ground for exploring emergent phenomena and understanding order parameters couplings in condensed-matter physics. In Pb(Zr1-xTix)O3, there are two types of composition-dependent phase boundary with both technological and scientific importance, i.e. morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) separating polar regimes into different symmetry and ferroelectric/antiferroelectric (FE/AFE) phase boundary dividing polar and antipolar dipole configurations. In contrast with extensive studies on MPB, FE/AFE phase boundary is far less explored. Here, we apply atomic-scale imaging and Rietveld refinement to directly demonstrate the intermediate phase at FE/AFE phase boundary exhibits a rare multipolar Pb-cations ordering, i.e. coexistence of antipolar or polar displacement, which manifests itself in both periodically gradient lattice spacing and anomalous initial hysteresis loop. In-situ electron/neutron diffraction reveals that the same parent intermediate phase can transform into either FE or AFE state depending on suppression of antipolar or polar displacement, coupling with the evolution of long-/short-range oxygen octahedra tilts. First-principle calculations further show that the transition between AFE and FE phase can occur in a low-energy pathway via the intermediate phase. These findings enrich the structural understanding of FE/AFE phase boundary in perovskite oxides. Ferroelectric/antiferroelectric phase boundary is both technologically and scientifically important. Here, the authors reveal the structure of intermediate phase involved in classical Pb(Zr1-xTix)O3.
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31
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Ma Y, Dai T, Lei Y, Zheng J, Liu M, Sui B, Smith ZJ, Chu K, Kong L, Gao P. Label-free imaging of intracellular organelle dynamics using flat-fielding quantitative phase contrast microscopy (FF-QPCM). OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:9505-9520. [PMID: 35299377 DOI: 10.1364/oe.454023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Panoramic and long-term observation of nanosized organelle dynamics and interactions with high spatiotemporal resolution still hold great challenge for current imaging platforms. In this study, we propose a live-organelle imaging platform, where a flat-fielding quantitative phase contrast microscope (FF-QPCM) visualizes all the membrane-bound subcellular organelles, and an intermittent fluorescence channel assists in specific organelle identification. FF-QPCM features a high spatiotemporal resolution of 245 nm and 250 Hz and strong immunity against external disturbance. Thus, we could investigate several important dynamic processes of intracellular organelles from direct perspectives, including chromosome duplication in mitosis, mitochondrial fusion and fission, filaments, and vesicles' morphologies in apoptosis. Of note, we have captured, for the first time, a new type of mitochondrial fission (entitled mitochondrial disintegration), the generation and fusion process of vesicle-like organelles, as well as the mitochondrial vacuolization during necrosis. All these results bring us new insights into spatiotemporal dynamics and interactions among organelles, and hence aid us in understanding the real behaviors and functional implications of the organelles in cellular activities.
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32
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Cui A, Ye Y, Dai K, Li Y, Zhu L, Jiang K, Shang L, Xu G, Hu Z, Zhang S, Chu J. Designing Monoclinic Heterophase Coexistence for the Enhanced Piezoelectric Performance in Ternary Lead-Based Relaxor Ferroelectrics. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:10535-10545. [PMID: 35175024 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c22983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Enhanced piezoelectric, dielectric properties and thermal stability in ternary relaxor-PbTiO3 based ferroelectric crystals are expected to develop the next-generation of electromechanical devices. However, due to their increased disorder compared to other ferroelectrics, designing a controllable phase boundary structure and engineered domain remains a challenging task. Here, we construct a monoclinic heterophase coexisting in a ternary Pb(In1/2Nb1/2)O3-Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-PbTiO3 single crystal with optimized composition and an ultrahigh piezoelectric coefficient of 1400 pC N-1, to quantify the correlation between spontaneous nanopolarity and phase heterogeneity, in an attempt to understand the origin of the exceptional functionalities. By designing an in situ high-resolution spectroscopic-microscopic technique, we have observed Ma and Mc heterophase mixtures spatially separated by the monoclinic heterophase boundary (MHB), which are responsible for the ferroelectric-dominated and relaxor-ferroelectric-dominated nanodomain structure, respectively. Internal energy mapping from optical soft mode dynamics reveals the inhomogeneous polarization and local symmetry on both sides of the MHB. Various molecular polarizabilities and localized octahedral distortions correlate directly with monoclinic regions and electromechanical contribution. This work clarifies the heterogeneity between structure, energy, and polar order and provides a new design freedom for advanced relaxor ferroelectrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anyang Cui
- Technical Center for Multifunctional Magneto-Optical Spectroscopy (Shanghai), Engineering Research Center of Nanophotonics & Advanced Instrument (Ministry of Education), Department of Materials, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, P. R. China
| | - Yan Ye
- Technical Center for Multifunctional Magneto-Optical Spectroscopy (Shanghai), Engineering Research Center of Nanophotonics & Advanced Instrument (Ministry of Education), Department of Materials, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, P. R. China
| | - Kai Dai
- Technical Center for Multifunctional Magneto-Optical Spectroscopy (Shanghai), Engineering Research Center of Nanophotonics & Advanced Instrument (Ministry of Education), Department of Materials, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, P. R. China
| | - Yawei Li
- Technical Center for Multifunctional Magneto-Optical Spectroscopy (Shanghai), Engineering Research Center of Nanophotonics & Advanced Instrument (Ministry of Education), Department of Materials, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, P. R. China
| | - Liangqing Zhu
- Technical Center for Multifunctional Magneto-Optical Spectroscopy (Shanghai), Engineering Research Center of Nanophotonics & Advanced Instrument (Ministry of Education), Department of Materials, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, P. R. China
| | - Kai Jiang
- Technical Center for Multifunctional Magneto-Optical Spectroscopy (Shanghai), Engineering Research Center of Nanophotonics & Advanced Instrument (Ministry of Education), Department of Materials, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, P. R. China
| | - Liyan Shang
- Technical Center for Multifunctional Magneto-Optical Spectroscopy (Shanghai), Engineering Research Center of Nanophotonics & Advanced Instrument (Ministry of Education), Department of Materials, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, P. R. China
| | - Guisheng Xu
- R&D Center of Synthetic Crystals, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, 585 Heshuo Road, Shanghai 201899, P. R. China
| | - Zhigao Hu
- Technical Center for Multifunctional Magneto-Optical Spectroscopy (Shanghai), Engineering Research Center of Nanophotonics & Advanced Instrument (Ministry of Education), Department of Materials, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, P. R. China
- Shanghai Institute of Intelligent Electronics & Systems, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Shujun Zhang
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, Australian Institute for Innovative Materials, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales 2500, Australia
| | - Junhao Chu
- Technical Center for Multifunctional Magneto-Optical Spectroscopy (Shanghai), Engineering Research Center of Nanophotonics & Advanced Instrument (Ministry of Education), Department of Materials, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, P. R. China
- Shanghai Institute of Intelligent Electronics & Systems, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
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33
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Abebe B, Murthy HCA. Insights into ZnO-based doped porous nanocrystal frameworks. RSC Adv 2022; 12:5816-5833. [PMID: 35424565 PMCID: PMC8981561 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra09152b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Colloidal nanocrystals play a vital role in several applications. The doping of cations in the nanocrystal matrix enhances the optical, electrical, and magnetic properties. The number and well-defined distribution of the dopant are crucial to protect the nanocrystal from clustering. The XRD, XPS, and XAS instruments reveal the change in the lattice parameters, chemical states, and local coordination environment information. In addition of detecting the position and distribution of the dopant, the 4D-STEM detector mode gathers all types of real-space atomic-resolution images by collecting all diffraction datasets from each electron probe with high-speed and efficient detection. Dopant-host ligand type, reactions conditions, and reaction time optimization during synthesis are critical for the host and dopant reactivity balance. Pearson's hard/soft acids/bases theory would be a base for balancing the solubility of the dopant-host in the given solvents/surfactant. In addition, tuning the colloidal nanocrystals to secondary structures, which enhances the mass-/ions transport, can contribute a combination of properties that do not exist in the original constituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Buzuayehu Abebe
- Adama Science and Technology University, Department of Applied Chemistry 1888 Adama Ethiopia
| | - H C Ananda Murthy
- Adama Science and Technology University, Department of Applied Chemistry 1888 Adama Ethiopia
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34
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Chi Y, Van Vliet KJ, Youssef M, Yildiz B. Complex Oxides under Simulated Electric Field: Determinants of Defect Polarization in ABO 3 Perovskites. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2104476. [PMID: 34894095 PMCID: PMC8811848 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202104476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Polarization of ionic and electronic defects in response to high electric fields plays an essential role in determining properties of materials in applications such as memristive devices. However, isolating the polarization response of individual defects has been challenging for both models and measurements. Here the authors quantify the nonlinear dielectric response of neutral oxygen vacancies, comprised of strongly localized electrons at an oxygen vacancy site, in perovskite oxides of the form ABO3 . Their approach implements a computationally efficient local Hubbard U correction in density functional theory simulations. These calculations indicate that the electric dipole moment of this defect is correlated positively with the lattice volume, which they varied by elastic strain and by A-site cation species. In addition, the dipole of the neutral oxygen vacancy under electric field increases with increasing reducibility of the B-site cation. The predicted relationship among point defect polarization, mechanical strain, and transition metal chemistry provides insights for the properties of memristive materials and devices under high electric fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen‐Ting Chi
- Department of Materials Science & EngineeringMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA02139USA
| | - Krystyn J. Van Vliet
- Department of Materials Science & EngineeringMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA02139USA
| | - Mostafa Youssef
- Department of Materials Science & EngineeringMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA02139USA
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringThe American University in CairoAUC Avenue, P.O. Box 74New Cairo11835Egypt
| | - Bilge Yildiz
- Department of Materials Science & EngineeringMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA02139USA
- Department of Nuclear Science & EngineeringMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA02139USA
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35
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Jiang Z, Hou C, Fei C, Li Z, Ye ZG. Effects of Composition Segregation in PMN-PT Crystals on Ultrasound Transducer Performance. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS, FERROELECTRICS, AND FREQUENCY CONTROL 2022; 69:795-802. [PMID: 34847024 DOI: 10.1109/tuffc.2021.3131204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the relationship between the composition segregation in lead magnesium niobate-lead titanate (PMN-PT; PMN-29%PT, PMN-29.5%PT, PMN-30%PT, PMN-30.5%PT, and PMN-31%PT) single crystals within morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) and the corresponding ultrasonic transducer performance through PiezoCAD modeling and real transducer testing. For five crystals with compositions distributed across the main body of a crystal ingot, the piezoelectric coefficient and free relative permittivity values were measured to vary by over 30%, whereas the transducer bandwidth and center frequency values were modeled to change by less than 10%. For the single-element ultrasonic transducers fabricated using those crystals without matching layers, the variations of -6-dB bandwidth, insertion loss, receiver-free field voltage response, and center frequency were measured to be 9.61%, -15.23%, 9.76%, and 1.41%, respectively, confirming the modeling results. Using the Mason and Krimholtz, Leedom, and Matthaei (KLM) models, it is found that the relatively stable transducer performance can be attributed to the relatively consistent electromechanical coupling coefficient, acoustic impedance, and clamped relative permittivity originated from the stable elastic compliance properties among the crystals of various compositions. It is expected that the relatively stable performance could be extended to multielement transducers with matching layers for the same contributing mechanisms. Our results suggest that it is possible to use crystal plates of different compositions within the MPB region, obtained from one and the same ingot, to fabricate a batch of ultrasonic transducers that will exhibit a similar performance, significantly reducing the cost of materials.
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Lindemann S, Irwin J, Kim GY, Wang B, Eom K, Wang J, Hu J, Chen LQ, Choi SY, Eom CB, Rzchowski MS. Low-voltage magnetoelectric coupling in membrane heterostructures. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabh2294. [PMID: 34767439 PMCID: PMC8589311 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abh2294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Strain-mediated magnetoelectric (ME) coupling in ferroelectric (FE)/ferromagnetic (FM) heterostructures offers a unique opportunity for both fundamental scientific research and low-power multifunctional devices. Relaxor-FEs, such as (1 − x)Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-(x)PbTiO3 (PMN-xPT), are ideal FE layer candidates because of their giant piezoelectricity. However, thin films of PMN-PT suffer from substrate clamping, which substantially reduces piezoelectric in-plane strains. Here, we demonstrate low-voltage ME coupling in an all-thin-film heterostructure that uses the anisotropic strains induced by the (011) orientation of PMN-PT. We completely remove PMN-PT films from their substrate and couple with FM Ni overlayers to create membrane PMN-PT/Ni heterostructures showing 90° Ni magnetization rotation with 3 V PMN-PT bias, much less than the bulk PMN-PT ~100-V requirement. Scanning transmission electron microscopy and phase-field simulations clarify the membrane response. These results provide a crucial step toward understanding the microstructural behavior of PMN-PT thin films for use in piezo-driven ME heterostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane Lindemann
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Julian Irwin
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Gi-Yeop Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Korea
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Kitae Eom
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Jianjun Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Jiamian Hu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Long-Qing Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Si-Young Choi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Korea
| | - Chang-Beom Eom
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Mark S. Rzchowski
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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37
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Deng S, Li J, Småbråten DR, Shen S, Wang W, Zhao J, Tao J, Aschauer U, Chen J, Zhu Y, Zhu J. Critical Role of Sc Substitution in Modulating Ferroelectricity in Multiferroic LuFeO 3. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:6648-6655. [PMID: 34283627 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c02123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Understanding how individual dopants or substitutional atoms interact with host lattices enables us to manipulate, control, and improve the functionality of materials. However, because of the intimate coupling among various degrees of freedom in multiferroics, the atomic-scale influence of individual foreign atoms has remained elusive. Here, we unravel the critical roles of individual Sc substitutional atoms in modulating ferroelectricity at the atomic scale of typical multiferroics, Lu1-xScxFeO3, by combining advanced microscopy and theoretical studies. Atomic variations in polar displacement of intriguing topological vortex domains stabilized by Sc substitution are directly correlated with Sc atom-mediated local chemical and electronic fluctuations. The local FeO5 trimerization magnitude and Lu/Sc-O hybridization strength are found to be significantly reinforced by Sc, clarifying the origin of the strong dependence of improper ferroelectricity on Sc content. This study could pave the way for correlating dopant-regulated atomic-scale local structures with global properties to engineer emergent functionalities of numerous chemically doped functional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqing Deng
- School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Jun Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Didrik R Småbråten
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Shoudong Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Wenbin Wang
- Institute for Nanoelectronic Devices and Quantum Computing, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jing Tao
- Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Ulrich Aschauer
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jun Chen
- School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yimei Zhu
- Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Jing Zhu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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38
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Atomic scale symmetry and polar nanoclusters in the paraelectric phase of ferroelectric materials. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3509. [PMID: 34083529 PMCID: PMC8175364 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23600-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The nature of the “forbidden” local- and long-range polar order in nominally non-polar paraelectric phases of ferroelectric materials has been an open question since the discovery of ferroelectricity in oxide perovskites, ABO3. A currently considered model suggests locally correlated displacements of B-site atoms along a subset of <111> cubic directions. Such off-site displacements have been confirmed experimentally; however, being essentially dynamic in nature they cannot account for the static nature of the symmetry-forbidden polarization implied by the macroscopic experiments. Here, in an atomically resolved study by aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy complemented by Raman spectroscopy, we reveal, directly visualize and quantitatively describe static, 2–4 nm large polar nanoclusters in the nominally non-polar cubic phases of (Ba,Sr)TiO3 and BaTiO3. These results have implications on understanding of the atomic-scale structure of disordered materials, the origin of precursor states in ferroelectrics, and may help answering ambiguities on the dynamic-versus-static nature of nano-sized clusters. The existence and atomic-level structure of the hypothetical polar nanoclusters above the Curie temperature is one of the oldest open questions in the physics of ferroelectrics. Here, the authors find the polar nanoclusters in the paraelectric phases of classical perovskite ferroelectrics.
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Yu X, Hou Y, Zheng M, Zhu M. Multiscale Heterogeneity Strategy in Piezoceramics for Enhanced Energy Harvesting Performances. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:17800-17808. [PMID: 33826294 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c01409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Piezoelectric energy harvesters (PEHs) with piezoceramics as the core can convert low-frequency vibration energy that is ubiquitous in the environment into electrical energy and are at the frontier of research in the field of energy. The high piezoelectric charge coefficient (d) together with the large piezoelectric voltage coefficient (g) are essential for enhancing the energy harvesting performances of PEHs working on a nonresonant state. However, conventional doping and solid solution design strategies lead to the same increase or decrease trend of d and dielectric permittivity ε, making it difficult to obtain a high g value because g = d/ε. Herein, exceptionally well-balanced performances of high d and large g are achieved simultaneously in modified Pb(Zr, Ti)O3(PZT)-based ceramics via a multiscale heterogeneity strategy, which involves coordination among the defect dipole, hierarchical domain, and composite. The electromechanical parameters of the optimal specimen are not only superior to those of many state-of-the-art commercial counterparts but also exhibit good thermal stability. Most importantly, the assembled PEH with the optimal specimen shows excellent variable temperature power generation characteristics. This work provides a paradigm for building PEH material through a multiscale heterogeneity strategy, expected to benefit a wide range of electromechanical coupling materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaole Yu
- Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials, Education Ministry of China, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Yudong Hou
- Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials, Education Ministry of China, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Mupeng Zheng
- Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials, Education Ministry of China, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Mankang Zhu
- Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials, Education Ministry of China, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
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40
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Gao X, Cheng Z, Chen Z, Liu Y, Meng X, Zhang X, Wang J, Guo Q, Li B, Sun H, Gu Q, Hao H, Shen Q, Wu J, Liao X, Ringer SP, Liu H, Zhang L, Chen W, Li F, Zhang S. The mechanism for the enhanced piezoelectricity in multi-elements doped (K,Na)NbO 3 ceramics. Nat Commun 2021; 12:881. [PMID: 33564001 PMCID: PMC7873261 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21202-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
(K,Na)NbO3 based ceramics are considered to be one of the most promising lead-free ferroelectrics replacing Pb(Zr,Ti)O3. Despite extensive studies over the last two decades, the mechanism for the enhanced piezoelectricity in multi-elements doped (K,Na)NbO3 ceramics has not been fully understood. Here, we combine temperature-dependent synchrotron x-ray diffraction and property measurements, atomic-scale scanning transmission electron microscopy, and first-principle and phase-field calculations to establish the dopant-structure-property relationship for multi-elements doped (K,Na)NbO3 ceramics. Our results indicate that the dopants induced tetragonal phase and the accompanying high-density nanoscale heterostructures with low-angle polar vectors are responsible for the high dielectric and piezoelectric properties. This work explains the mechanism of the high piezoelectricity recently achieved in (K,Na)NbO3 ceramics and provides guidance for the design of high-performance ferroelectric ceramics, which is expected to benefit numerous functional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyi Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, Australian Institute for Innovative Materials, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Center for Smart Materials and Device Integration, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhenxiang Cheng
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, Australian Institute for Innovative Materials, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Zibin Chen
- School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Yao Liu
- Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education and International Center for Dielectric Research, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiangyu Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianli Wang
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, Australian Institute for Innovative Materials, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Qinghu Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Center for Smart Materials and Device Integration, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Bei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Huajun Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Center for Smart Materials and Device Integration, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qinfen Gu
- Australian Synchrotron (ANSTO), Clayton, Australia
| | - Hua Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Center for Smart Materials and Device Integration, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiang Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Jinsong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Xiaozhou Liao
- School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Simon P Ringer
- School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Hanxing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
- International School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lianmeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fei Li
- Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education and International Center for Dielectric Research, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Shujun Zhang
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, Australian Institute for Innovative Materials, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.
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Belhadi J, Gabor U, Uršič H, Daneu N, Kim J, Tian Z, Koster G, Martin LW, Spreitzer M. Growth mode and strain effect on relaxor ferroelectric domains in epitaxial 0.67Pb(Mg 1/3Nb 2/3)O 3–0.33PbTiO 3/SrRuO 3 heterostructures. RSC Adv 2021; 11:1222-1232. [PMID: 35424096 PMCID: PMC8693390 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra10107a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Controlling the growth of complex relaxor ferroelectric thin films and understanding the relationship between biaxial strain–structural domain characteristics are desirable for designing materials with a high electromechanical response. For this purpose, epitaxial thin films free of extended defects and secondary phases are urgently needed. Here, we used optimized growth parameters and target compositions to obtain epitaxial (40–45 nm) 0.67Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3–0.33PbTiO3/(20 nm) SrRuO3 (PMN–33PT/SRO) heterostructures using pulsed-laser deposition (PLD) on singly terminated SrTiO3 (STO) and ReScO3 (RSO) substrates with Re = Dy, Tb, Gd, Sm, and Nd. In situ reflection high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED) and high-resolution X-ray diffraction (HR-XRD) analysis confirmed high-quality and single-phase thin films with smooth 2D surfaces. High-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy (HR-STEM) revealed sharp interfaces and homogeneous strain further confirming the epitaxial cube-on-cube growth mode of the PMN–33PT/SRO heterostructures. The combined XRD reciprocal space maps (RSMs) and piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM) analysis revealed that the domain structure of the PMN–33PT heterostructures is sensitive to the applied compressive strain. From the RSM patterns, an evolution from a butterfly-shaped diffraction pattern for mildly strained PMN–33PT layers, which is evidence of stabilization of relaxor domains, to disc-shaped diffraction patterns for high compressive strains with a highly distorted tetragonal structure, is observed. The PFM amplitude and phase of the PMN–33PT thin films confirmed the relaxor-like for a strain state below ∼1.13%, while for higher compressive strain (∼1.9%) the irregularly shaped and poled ferroelectric domains were observed. Interestingly, the PFM phase hysteresis loops of the PMN–33PT heterostructures grown on the SSO substrates (strain state of ∼0.8%) exhibited an enhanced coercive field which is about two times larger than that of the thin films grown on GSO and NSO substrates. The obtained results show that epitaxial strain engineering could serve as an effective approach for tailoring and enhancing the functional properties in relaxor ferroelectrics. Strain engineering in epitaxial PMN–33PT films revealed an evolution from a butterfly-shaped diffraction for mildly strained films, evidencing the stabilization of relaxor domains, to disc-shaped diffraction patterns for high compressive strains.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamal Belhadi
- Advanced Materials Department
- Jožef Stefan Institute
- Ljubljana
- Slovenia
| | - Urška Gabor
- Advanced Materials Department
- Jožef Stefan Institute
- Ljubljana
- Slovenia
| | - Hana Uršič
- Electronic Ceramics Department
- Jožef Stefan Institute
- Ljubljana
- Slovenia
| | - Nina Daneu
- Advanced Materials Department
- Jožef Stefan Institute
- Ljubljana
- Slovenia
| | - Jieun Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- University of California
- Berkeley
- USA
| | - Zishen Tian
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- University of California
- Berkeley
- USA
| | - Gertjan Koster
- Advanced Materials Department
- Jožef Stefan Institute
- Ljubljana
- Slovenia
- MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology
| | - Lane W. Martin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- University of California
- Berkeley
- USA
| | - Matjaž Spreitzer
- Advanced Materials Department
- Jožef Stefan Institute
- Ljubljana
- Slovenia
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42
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Veerapandiyan V, Benes F, Gindel T, Deluca M. Strategies to Improve the Energy Storage Properties of Perovskite Lead-Free Relaxor Ferroelectrics: A Review. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 13:E5742. [PMID: 33339249 PMCID: PMC7766599 DOI: 10.3390/ma13245742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Electrical energy storage systems (EESSs) with high energy density and power density are essential for the effective miniaturization of future electronic devices. Among different EESSs available in the market, dielectric capacitors relying on swift electronic and ionic polarization-based mechanisms to store and deliver energy already demonstrate high power densities. However, different intrinsic and extrinsic contributions to energy dissipations prevent ceramic-based dielectric capacitors from reaching high recoverable energy density levels. Interestingly, relaxor ferroelectric-based dielectric capacitors, because of their low remnant polarization, show relatively high energy density and thus display great potential for applications requiring high energy density properties. In this study, some of the main strategies to improve the energy density properties of perovskite lead-free relaxor systems are reviewed, including (i) chemical modification at different crystallographic sites, (ii) chemical additives that do not target lattice sites, and (iii) novel processing approaches dedicated to bulk ceramics, thick and thin films, respectively. Recent advancements are summarized concerning the search for relaxor materials with superior energy density properties and the appropriate choice of both composition and processing routes to match various applications' needs. Finally, future trends in computationally-aided materials design are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Marco Deluca
- Materials Center Leoben Forschung GmbH, Roseggerstrasse 12, A-8700 Leoben, Austria; (V.V.); (F.B.); (T.G.)
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