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Wei J, Shen S, Zhang Q, Lu J, Mao S, Zou C, Zhou H, Wei Y, Ou X, Huang J, Wang D, Li X, Wan Q, Shan B, Zhang Z. Emergence of a clinical Salmonella enterica serovar 1,4,[5], 12: i:-isolate, ST3606, in China with susceptibility decrease to ceftazidime-avibactam carrying a novel bla CTX-M-261 variant and a bla NDM-5. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2024; 43:829-840. [PMID: 38388738 PMCID: PMC11108873 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-024-04765-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The detection rate of Salmonella enterica serovar 1,4,[5], 12: i: - (S. 1,4,[5], 12: i: -) has increased as the most common serotype globally. A S. 1,4,[5], 12: i: - strain named ST3606 (sequence type 34), isolated from a fecal specimen of a child with acute diarrhea hospitalized in a tertiary hospital in China, was firstly reported to be resistant to carbapenem and ceftazidime-avibactam. The aim of this study was to characterize the whole-genome sequence of S. 1,4,[5], 12: i: - isolate, ST3606, and explore its antibiotic resistance genes and their genetic environments. METHODS The genomic DNA of S. 1,4,[5], 12: i: - ST3606 was extracted and performed with single-molecule real-time sequencing. Resistance genes, plasmid replicon type, mobile elements, and multilocus sequence types (STs) of ST3606 were identified by ResFinder 3.2, PlasmidFinder, OriTfinder database, ISfinder database, and MLST 2.0, respectively. The conjugation experiment was utilized to evaluate the conjugation frequency of pST3606-2. Protein expression and enzyme kinetics experiments of CTX-M were performed to analyze hydrolytic activity of a novel CTX-M-261 enzyme toward several antibiotics. RESULTS Single-molecule real-time sequencing revealed the coexistence of a 109-kb IncI1-Iα plasmid pST3606-1 and a 70.5-kb IncFII plasmid pST3606-2. The isolate carried resistance genes, including blaNDM-5, sul1, qacE, aadA2, and dfrA12 in pST3606-1, blaTEM-1B, aac(3)-lld, and blaCTX-M-261, a novel blaCTX-M-1 family member, in pST3606-2, and aac(6')-Iaa in chromosome. The blaCTX-M-261 was derived from blaCTX-M-55 by a single-nucleotide mutation 751G>A leading to amino acid substitution of Val for Met at position 251 (Val251Met), which conferred CTX-M increasing resistance to ceftazidime verified by antibiotics susceptibility testing of transconjugants carrying pST3606-2 and steady-state kinetic parameters of CTX-M-261. pST3606-1 is an IncI1-α incompatibility type that shares homology with plasmids of pC-F-164_A-OXA140, pE-T654-NDM-5, p_dm760b_NDM-5, and p_dmcr749c_NDM-5. The conjugation experiment demonstrated that pST3606-2 was successfully transferred to the Escherichia coli recipient C600 with four modules of OriTfinder. CONCLUSION Plasmid-mediated horizontal transfer plays an important role in blaNDM-5 and blaCTX-M-261 dissemination, which increases the threat to public health due to the resistance to most β-lactam antibiotics. This is the first report of blaCTX-M-261 and blaNDM-5 in S. 1,4,[5], 12: i: -. The work provides insights into the enzymatic function and demonstrates the ongoing evolution of CTX-M enzymes and confirms urgency to control resistance of S. 1,4,[5], 12: i: -.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wei
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai Clinical Medical College of Jinan University), Zhuhai, China
| | - Shimei Shen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qinghuan Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai Clinical Medical College of Jinan University), Zhuhai, China
| | - Jinping Lu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai Clinical Medical College of Jinan University), Zhuhai, China
| | - Shenglan Mao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chunhong Zou
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hua Zhou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong, Chongqing, China
| | - YeLin Wei
- The First People's Hospital of Xiaoshan Hangzhou, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xingyi Ou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai Clinical Medical College of Jinan University), Zhuhai, China
| | - Jinyu Huang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Deqiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaobin Li
- Zhuhai Precision Medical Center, Zhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated With Jinan University), Zhuhai, China
| | - Qun Wan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, China.
| | - Baoju Shan
- Pediatric Research Institute; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders (Chongqing); China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Zhenlin Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai Clinical Medical College of Jinan University), Zhuhai, China.
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Liu F, Luo Y, Xu T, Lin H, Qiu Y, Li B. Current examining methods and mathematical models of horizontal transfer of antibiotic resistance genes in the environment. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1371388. [PMID: 38638913 PMCID: PMC11025395 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1371388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The increasing prevalence of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in the environment has garnered significant attention due to their health risk to human beings. Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) is considered as an important way for ARG dissemination. There are four general routes of HGT, including conjugation, transformation, transduction and vesiduction. Selection of appropriate examining methods is crucial for comprehensively understanding characteristics and mechanisms of different HGT ways. Moreover, combined with the results obtained from different experimental methods, mathematical models could be established and serve as a powerful tool for predicting ARG transfer dynamics and frequencies. However, current reviews of HGT for ARG spread mainly focus on its influencing factors and mechanisms, overlooking the important roles of examining methods and models. This review, therefore, delineated four pathways of HGT, summarized the strengths and limitations of current examining methods, and provided a comprehensive summing-up of mathematical models pertaining to three main HGT ways of conjugation, transformation and transduction. Finally, deficiencies in current studies were discussed, and proposed the future perspectives to better understand and assess the risks of ARG dissemination through HGT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Liu
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Yuqiu Luo
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Tiansi Xu
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Hai Lin
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Qiu
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Bing Li
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
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3
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Gül E, Huuskonen J, Abi Younes A, Maurer L, Enz U, Zimmermann J, Sellin ME, Bakkeren E, Hardt WD. Salmonella T3SS-2 virulence enhances gut-luminal colonization by enabling chemotaxis-dependent exploitation of intestinal inflammation. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113925. [PMID: 38460128 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.113925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Salmonella Typhimurium (S.Tm) utilizes the chemotaxis receptor Tsr to exploit gut inflammation. However, the characteristics of this exploitation and the mechanism(s) employed by the pathogen to circumvent antimicrobial effects of inflammation are poorly defined. Here, using different naturally occurring S.Tm strains (SL1344 and 14028) and competitive infection experiments, we demonstrate that type-three secretion system (T3SS)-2 virulence is indispensable for the beneficial effects of Tsr-directed chemotaxis. The removal of the 14028-specific prophage Gifsy3, encoding virulence effectors, results in the loss of the Tsr-mediated fitness advantage in that strain. Surprisingly, without T3SS-2 effector secretion, chemotaxis toward the gut epithelium using Tsr becomes disadvantageous for either strain. Our findings reveal that luminal neutrophils recruited as a result of NLRC4 inflammasome activation locally counteract S.Tm cells exploiting the byproducts of the host immune response. This work highlights a mechanism by which S.Tm exploitation of gut inflammation for colonization relies on the coordinated effects of chemotaxis and T3SS activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ersin Gül
- Institute of Microbiology, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Jemina Huuskonen
- Institute of Microbiology, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andrew Abi Younes
- Institute of Microbiology, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Luca Maurer
- Institute of Microbiology, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ursina Enz
- Institute of Microbiology, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jakob Zimmermann
- Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Department for Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Mikael E Sellin
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Erik Bakkeren
- Institute of Microbiology, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Wolf-Dietrich Hardt
- Institute of Microbiology, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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Yu J, Zhang H, Ju Z, Huang J, Lin C, Wu J, Wu Y, Sun S, Wang H, Hao G, Zhang A. Increased mutations in lipopolysaccharide biosynthetic genes cause time-dependent development of phage resistance in Salmonella. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2024; 68:e0059423. [PMID: 38193669 PMCID: PMC10848759 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00594-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Understanding how bacteria evolve resistance to phages has implications for phage-based therapies and microbial evolution. In this study, the susceptibility of 335 Salmonella isolates to the wide host range Salmonella phage BPSELC-1 was tested. Potentially significant gene sets that could confer resistance were identified using bioinformatics approaches based on phage susceptibility phenotypes; more than 90 potential antiphage defense gene sets, including those involved in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) biosynthesis, DNA replication, secretion systems, and respiratory chain, were found. The evolutionary dynamics of Salmonella resistance to phage were assessed through laboratory evolution experiments, which showed that phage-resistant mutants rapidly developed and exhibited genetic heterogeneity. Most representative Salmonella hosts (58.1% of 62) rapidly developed phage resistance within 24 h. All phage-resistant mutant clones exhibited genetic heterogeneity and observed mutations in LPS-related genes (rfaJ and rfaK) as well as other genes such as cellular respiration, transport, and cell replication-related genes. The study also identified potential trade-offs, indicating that bacteria tend to escape fitness trade-offs through multi-site mutations, all tested mutants increased sensitivity to polymyxin B, but this does not always affect their relative fitness or biofilm-forming capacity. Furthermore, complementing the rfaJ mutant gene could partially restore the phage sensitivity of phage-resistant mutants. These results provide insight into the phage resistance mechanisms of Salmonella and the complexity of bacterial evolution resulting from phage predation, which can inform future strategies for phage-based therapies and microbial evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yu
- Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Haoyu Zhang
- Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zijing Ju
- Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiaqi Huang
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Cong Lin
- Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jie Wu
- Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yingting Wu
- Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shuhong Sun
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Hongning Wang
- Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Guijuan Hao
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Anyun Zhang
- Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Li Y, Chen X, Zhang W, Fang K, Tian J, Li F, Han M, Huang J, Sun T, Bai F, Cheng M, Xu Y. The metabolic slowdown caused by the deletion of pspA accelerates protein aggregation during stationary phase facilitating antibiotic persistence. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2024; 68:e0093723. [PMID: 38169282 PMCID: PMC10848772 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00937-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Entering a dormant state is a prevailing mechanism used by bacterial cells to transiently evade antibiotic attacks and become persisters. The dynamic progression of bacterial dormancy depths driven by protein aggregation has been found to be critical for antibiotic persistence in recent years. However, our current understanding of the endogenous genes that affects dormancy depth remains limited. Here, we discovered a novel role of phage shock protein A (pspA) gene in modulating bacterial dormancy depth. Deletion of pspA of Escherichia coli resulted in increased bacterial dormancy depths and prolonged lag times for resuscitation during the stationary phase. ∆pspA exhibited a higher persister ratio compared to the wild type when challenged with various antibiotics. Microscopic images revealed that ∆pspA showed accelerated formation of protein aggresomes, which were collections of endogenous protein aggregates. Time-lapse imaging established the positive correlation between protein aggregation and antibiotic persistence of ∆pspA at the single-cell level. To investigate the molecular mechanism underlying accelerated protein aggregation, we performed transcriptome profiling and found the increased abundance of chaperons and a general metabolic slowdown in the absence of pspA. Consistent with the transcriptomic results, the ∆pspA strain showed a decreased cellular ATP level, which could be rescued by glucose supplementation. Then, we verified that replenishment of cellular ATP levels by adding glucose could inhibit protein aggregation and reduce persister formation in ∆pspA. This study highlights the novel role of pspA in maintaining proteostasis, regulating dormancy depth, and affecting antibiotic persistence during stationary phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxing Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Biomedical Engineering Facility of National Infrastructures for Translational Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Chen
- Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Centre (BIOPIC), School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Weili Zhang
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Kefan Fang
- Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Centre (BIOPIC), School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingjing Tian
- Biomedical Engineering Facility of National Infrastructures for Translational Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Fangyuan Li
- Clinical Biobank, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Mingfei Han
- National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, China
| | - Jingjing Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Huai'an No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, China
| | - Tianshu Sun
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Clinical Biobank, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Bai
- Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Centre (BIOPIC), School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Mei Cheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yingchun Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Liu X, Yang H, Liu J, Liu K, Jin L, Zhang Y, Khan MR, Zhong K, Cao J, He Q, Xia X, Deng R. In Situ Cas12a-Based Allele-Specific PCR for Imaging Single-Nucleotide Variations in Foodborne Pathogenic Bacteria. Anal Chem 2024; 96:2032-2040. [PMID: 38277772 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c04532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
In situ profiling of single-nucleotide variations (SNVs) can elucidate drug-resistant genotypes with single-cell resolution. The capacity to directly "see" genetic information is crucial for investigating the relationship between mutated genes and phenotypes. Fluorescence in situ hybridization serves as a canonical tool for genetic imaging; however, it cannot detect subtle sequence alteration including SNVs. Herein, we develop an in situ Cas12a-based amplification refractory mutation system-PCR (ARMS-PCR) method that allows the visualization of SNVs related to quinolone resistance inside cells. The capacity of discriminating SNVs is enhanced by incorporating optimized mismatched bases in the allele-specific primers, thus allowing to specifically amplify quinolone-resistant related genes. After in situ ARMS-PCR, we employed a modified Cas12a/CRISPR RNA to tag the amplicon, thereby enabling specific binding of fluorophore-labeled DNA probes. The method allows to precisely quantify quinolone-resistant Salmonella enterica in the bacterial mixture. Utilizing this method, we investigated the survival competition capacity of quinolone-resistant and quinolone-sensitive bacteria toward antimicrobial peptides and indicated the enrichment of quinolone-resistant bacteria under colistin sulfate stress. The in situ Cas12a-based ARMS-PCR method holds the potential for profiling cellular phenotypes and gene regulation with single-nucleotide resolution at the single-cell level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinmiao Liu
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Hao Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Chengdu Customs Technology Center, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Kerui Liu
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Lulu Jin
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Mohammad Rizwan Khan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kai Zhong
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Jijuan Cao
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization of Ministry of Education, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian, Liaoning 116600, China
| | - Qiang He
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Xuhan Xia
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Ruijie Deng
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
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7
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Chowdhury AR, Mukherjee D, Chatterjee R, Chakravortty D. Defying the odds: Determinants of the antimicrobial response of Salmonella Typhi and their interplay. Mol Microbiol 2024; 121:213-229. [PMID: 38071466 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.15209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Salmonella Typhi, the invasive serovar of S. enterica subspecies enterica, causes typhoid fever in healthy human hosts. The emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains has consistently challenged the successful treatment of typhoid fever with conventional antibiotics. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Salmonella is acquired either by mutations in the genomic DNA or by acquiring extrachromosomal DNA via horizontal gene transfer. In addition, Salmonella can form a subpopulation of antibiotic persistent (AP) cells that can survive at high concentrations of antibiotics. These have reduced the effectiveness of the first and second lines of antibiotics used to treat Salmonella infection. The recurrent and chronic carriage of S. Typhi in human hosts further complicates the treatment process, as a remarkable shift in the immune response from pro-inflammatory Th1 to anti-inflammatory Th2 is observed. Recent studies have also highlighted the overlap between AP, persistent infection (PI) and AMR. These incidents have revealed several areas of research. In this review, we have put forward a timeline for the evolution of antibiotic resistance in Salmonella and discussed the different mechanisms of the same availed by the pathogen at the genotypic and phenotypic levels. Further, we have presented a detailed discussion on Salmonella antibiotic persistence (AP), PI, the host and bacterial virulence factors that can influence PI, and how both AP and PI can lead to AMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atish Roy Chowdhury
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Debapriya Mukherjee
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Ritika Chatterjee
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Dipshikha Chakravortty
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
- School of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram, India
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8
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Ronneau S, Michaux C, Giorgio RT, Helaine S. Intoxication of antibiotic persisters by host RNS inactivates their efflux machinery during infection. PLoS Pathog 2024; 20:e1012033. [PMID: 38421944 PMCID: PMC10903880 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1012033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The host environment is of critical importance for antibiotic efficacy. By impacting bacterial machineries, stresses encountered by pathogens during infection promote the formation of phenotypic variants that are transiently insensitive to the action of antibiotics. It is assumed that these recalcitrant bacteria-termed persisters-contribute to antibiotic treatment failure and relapsing infections. Recently, we demonstrated that host reactive nitrogen species (RNS) transiently protect persisters against the action of β-lactam antibiotics by delaying their regrowth within host cells. Here, we discovered that RNS intoxication of persisters also collaterally sensitizing them to fluoroquinolones during infection, explaining the higher efficiency of fluoroquinolones against intramacrophage Salmonella. By reducing bacterial respiration and the proton-motive force, RNS inactivate the AcrAB efflux machinery of persisters, facilitating the accumulation of fluoroquinolones intracellularly. Our work shows that target inactivity is not the sole reason for Salmonella persisters to withstand antibiotics during infection, with active efflux being a major contributor to survival. Thus, understanding how the host environment impacts persister physiology is critical to optimize antibiotics efficacy during infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Séverin Ronneau
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Charlotte Michaux
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Rachel T. Giorgio
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Sophie Helaine
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
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He B, Zhu TT, Liang Y, Wei HJ, Huang ZL, Liang LJ, Zhong JH, Luo Y, Lian XL, Zhao DH, Liao XP, Liu YH, Ren H, Sun J. Adaptive evolution in asymptomatic host confers MDR Salmonella with enhanced environmental persistence and virulence. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 908:168340. [PMID: 37931815 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
As a common cause for food-borne diseases, the Salmonella spp. are generally prevalent among livestock, whereby they are likely to be transmitted to human via environmental contamination. To explore the potential mechanism for prevalence of MDR Salmonella and its risk for dissemination via contaminated environments, we profiled the colonization dynamics of MDR Salmonella in chicken, herein we found that an adaptive evolution, driven by mutagenesis in a small protein-encoding gene (STM14_1829), conferred the multidrug resistant (MDR) Salmonella with increased fitness in asymptomatic host. Then the mechanistic study demonstrated that only one amino acid substitution in small protein STM14_1829 rendered MDR Salmonella capable to better invade and persist in phagocytotic cells by modulating bacterial flagella overexpression. Concerningly, the evolved Salmonella was also more resilient to the potential stressors generally found in environments and food processing, including heat, cold, adverse pH and oxidations. It implied that the evolved subpopulations are plausibly more persistent in environments once they contaminated through animal manure or human excreta. Moreover, the evolution promoted the pathogenesis caused by MDR Salmonella in susceptible hosts, resulting in higher risk for dissemination of pathogens via contaminated environments. Together, our data provided the novel insights into that in vivo adaptive evolution benefits Salmonella colonization, persistence and pathogenesis, by promoting bacterial tolerance via modulating flagella expression. These findings may explain the rationale behind the increasing prevalence of certain MDR Salmonella clones in livestock and associated environment, and underscoring the need for advanced strategies to tackle the possible evolution of such zoonotic pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing He
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics, Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Ting-Ting Zhu
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics, Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Yin Liang
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics, Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Hai-Jing Wei
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics, Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Zi-Lei Huang
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics, Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Li-Jie Liang
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics, Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Jia-Hao Zhong
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics, Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Yang Luo
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics, Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Xin-Lei Lian
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics, Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Dong-Hao Zhao
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics, Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Xiao-Ping Liao
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics, Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Ya-Hong Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics, Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, PR China
| | - Hao Ren
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China.
| | - Jian Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics, Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China.
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10
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Liu S, Huang Y, Jensen S, Laman P, Kramer G, Zaat SAJ, Brul S. Molecular physiological characterization of the dynamics of persister formation in Staphylococcus aureus. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2024; 68:e0085023. [PMID: 38051079 PMCID: PMC10777834 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00850-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteria possess the ability to enter a growth-arrested state known as persistence in order to survive antibiotic exposure. Clinically, persisters are regarded as the main causative agents for chronic and recurrent infectious diseases. To combat this antibiotic-tolerant population, a better understanding of the molecular physiology of persisters is required. In this study, we collected samples at different stages of the biphasic kill curve to reveal the dynamics of the cellular molecular changes that occur in the process of persister formation. After exposure to antibiotics with different modes of action, namely, vancomycin and enrofloxacin, similar persister levels were obtained. Both shared and distinct stress responses were enriched for the respective persister populations. However, the dynamics of the presence of proteins linked to the persister phenotype throughout the biphasic kill curve and the molecular profiles in a stable persistent population did show large differences, depending on the antibiotic used. This suggests that persisters at the molecular level are highly stress specific, emphasizing the importance of characterizing persisters generated under different stress conditions. Additionally, although generated persisters exhibited cross-tolerance toward tested antibiotics, combined therapies were demonstrated to be a promising approach to reduce persister levels. In conclusion, this investigation sheds light on the stress-specific nature of persisters, highlighting the necessity of tailored treatment approaches and the potential of combined therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqi Liu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbial Food Safety, University of Amsterdam, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Yixuan Huang
- Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry of Biomolecules, University of Amsterdam, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sean Jensen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbial Food Safety, University of Amsterdam, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Paul Laman
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbial Food Safety, University of Amsterdam, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Gertjan Kramer
- Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry of Biomolecules, University of Amsterdam, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sebastian A. J. Zaat
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Stanley Brul
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbial Food Safety, University of Amsterdam, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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11
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Windels EM, Cool L, Persy E, Swinnen J, Matthay P, Van den Bergh B, Wenseleers T, Michiels J. Antibiotic dose and nutrient availability differentially drive the evolution of antibiotic resistance and persistence. THE ISME JOURNAL 2024; 18:wrae070. [PMID: 38691440 PMCID: PMC11102087 DOI: 10.1093/ismejo/wrae070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Effective treatment of bacterial infections proves increasingly challenging due to the emergence of bacterial variants that endure antibiotic exposure. Antibiotic resistance and persistence have been identified as two major bacterial survival mechanisms, and several studies have shown a rapid and strong selection of resistance or persistence mutants under repeated drug treatment. Yet, little is known about the impact of the environmental conditions on resistance and persistence evolution and the potential interplay between both phenotypes. Based on the distinct growth and survival characteristics of resistance and persistence mutants, we hypothesized that the antibiotic dose and availability of nutrients during treatment might play a key role in the evolutionary adaptation to antibiotic stress. To test this hypothesis, we combined high-throughput experimental evolution with a mathematical model of bacterial evolution under intermittent antibiotic exposure. We show that high nutrient levels during antibiotic treatment promote selection of high-level resistance, but that resistance mainly emerges independently of persistence when the antibiotic concentration is sufficiently low. At higher doses, resistance evolution is facilitated by the preceding or concurrent selection of persistence mutants, which ensures survival of populations in harsh conditions. Collectively, our experimental data and mathematical model elucidate the evolutionary routes toward increased bacterial survival under different antibiotic treatment schedules, which is key to designing effective antibiotic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etthel M Windels
- VIB Center for Microbiology, Flanders Institute for Biotechnology, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
- Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lloyd Cool
- VIB Center for Microbiology, Flanders Institute for Biotechnology, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
- Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Socioecology and Social Evolution, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Eline Persy
- Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Janne Swinnen
- Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Paul Matthay
- VIB Center for Microbiology, Flanders Institute for Biotechnology, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
- Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bram Van den Bergh
- VIB Center for Microbiology, Flanders Institute for Biotechnology, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
- Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tom Wenseleers
- Laboratory of Socioecology and Social Evolution, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan Michiels
- VIB Center for Microbiology, Flanders Institute for Biotechnology, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
- Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
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12
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Ye C, Chen C, Zhang K, Feng M, Yu X. Solar/periodate inhibits ARGs transformation by degradation of DNA without damaging cell membrane. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 340:122766. [PMID: 37865329 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections are a growing global threat to public health. Chlorine-based water disinfection and some advanced oxidation processes significantly increase the risk of ARGs release and transmission in the aquatic environment. Therefore, it is critical to develop or optimize disinfection methods to reduce the conversion and transmission of ARGs in natural water. This study investigated whether the solar/periodate (PI) system inhibited the natural transmission of ARGs and its mechanism. The results showed that solar/PI systems could effectively inhibit the propagation of ARGs in two simulated natural transformation systems, up to more than 100 times. By characterizing the cellular process of bacteria treated by the solar/PI system, we found that the solar/PI system could directly cause damage to DNA bases and its dual effect with almost no damage to the bacterial cell membrane, which was the main reason why this technology could inhibit natural transformation processes. Specifically, the inhibition effect of solar/PI on bacteria did not result in enhanced membrane permeability under appropriate PI dosage (<200 μM), which greatly reduced the risk of secondary contamination of eARGs released by traditional disinfection. Our findings could help improve existing disinfection strategies to ensure that antibiotic resistance is not spread in the natural water environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengsong Ye
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Coastal Pollution Prevention and Control, College of the Environment & Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Chenlan Chen
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Coastal Pollution Prevention and Control, College of the Environment & Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Kaiting Zhang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Coastal Pollution Prevention and Control, College of the Environment & Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Mingbao Feng
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Coastal Pollution Prevention and Control, College of the Environment & Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Xin Yu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Coastal Pollution Prevention and Control, College of the Environment & Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China.
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13
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May DA, Taha F, Child MA, Ewald SE. How colonization bottlenecks, tissue niches, and transmission strategies shape protozoan infections. Trends Parasitol 2023; 39:1074-1086. [PMID: 37839913 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2023.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Protozoan pathogens such as Plasmodium spp., Leishmania spp., Toxoplasma gondii, and Trypanosoma spp. are often associated with high-mortality, acute and chronic diseases of global health concern. For transmission and immune evasion, protozoans have evolved diverse strategies to interact with a range of host tissue environments. These interactions are linked to disease pathology, yet our understanding of the association between parasite colonization and host homeostatic disruption is limited. Recently developed techniques for cellular barcoding have the potential to uncover the biology regulating parasite transmission, dissemination, and the stability of infection. Understanding bottlenecks to infection and the in vivo tissue niches that facilitate chronic infection and spread has the potential to reveal new aspects of parasite biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana A May
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology at the Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Fatima Taha
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Matthew A Child
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
| | - Sarah E Ewald
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology at the Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.
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14
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Fishbein SRS, Mahmud B, Dantas G. Antibiotic perturbations to the gut microbiome. Nat Rev Microbiol 2023; 21:772-788. [PMID: 37491458 DOI: 10.1038/s41579-023-00933-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic-mediated perturbation of the gut microbiome is associated with numerous infectious and autoimmune diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. Yet, as the gut microbiome is a complex ecological network of microorganisms, the effects of antibiotics can be highly variable. With the advent of multi-omic approaches for systems-level profiling of microbial communities, we are beginning to identify microbiome-intrinsic and microbiome-extrinsic factors that affect microbiome dynamics during antibiotic exposure and subsequent recovery. In this Review, we discuss factors that influence restructuring of the gut microbiome on antibiotic exposure. We present an overview of the currently complex picture of treatment-induced changes to the microbial community and highlight essential considerations for future investigations of antibiotic-specific outcomes. Finally, we provide a synopsis of available strategies to minimize antibiotic-induced damage or to restore the pretreatment architectures of the gut microbial community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Skye R S Fishbein
- The Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Division of Laboratory and Genomic Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Bejan Mahmud
- The Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Gautam Dantas
- The Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Division of Laboratory and Genomic Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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15
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Wang Y, Yang L, Ma J, Tang J, Chen M. Unraveling the antibiotic resistome in backwater zones of large cascade reservoirs: Co-occurrence patterns, horizontal transfer directions and health risks. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 347:119144. [PMID: 37776796 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
The widespread occurrence of antibiotic resistant genes (ARGs) throughout aquatic environments has raised global concerns for public health. However, the profiles and patterns of antibiotic resistome in backwater zone of cascade reservoirs, where water flow is slowed down, are still poorly understood. Here, we proposed a metagenomic analysis framework to comprehensively reveal the diversity, abundance, co-occurrence patterns and transfer direction of ARGs in cascade reservoirs system and evaluated their health risks through a procedure based on contigs. A total of 364 ARGs subtypes conferring resistance to different antibiotics classes were detected in our water samples, and the dominant ARGs (macB, bacA, vanRA, bcrA) were similar in different reservoirs. Meanwhile, the distribution of ARGs was influenced by the presence of biotic factors such as metal resistant genes (MRGs) and mobile genetic elements (MGEs), as well as abiotic factors such as dissolved oxygen (DO) and pH. Remarkably, ARGs (vanR, rosB, MexT) co-occurred with plasmids and virulence factor genes (VFGs), which can lead to the emergence and spread of highly virulent and antibiotic resistant bacteria in microbial communities. Overall, this study helps administrators to better understand the complex patterns of ARGs in backwater zones of large cascade reservoirs and provides a proper procedure for detecting the presence of high-risk of ARGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Reservoir Aquatic Environment, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China; Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China
| | - Liu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Reservoir Aquatic Environment, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China; Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China
| | - Jun Ma
- Key Laboratory of Reservoir Aquatic Environment, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China
| | - Jian Tang
- Key Laboratory of Reservoir Aquatic Environment, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China
| | - Ming Chen
- Key Laboratory of Reservoir Aquatic Environment, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China.
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16
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Deal CE, Richards AF, Yeung T, Maron MJ, Wang Z, Lai YT, Fritz BR, Himansu S, Narayanan E, Liu D, Koleva R, Licht S, Hsiao CJ, Rajlic IL, Koch H, Kleyman M, Pulse ME, Weiss WJ, Doering JE, Lindberg SK, Mantis NJ, Carfi A, Plante OJ. An mRNA-based platform for the delivery of pathogen-specific IgA into mucosal secretions. Cell Rep Med 2023; 4:101253. [PMID: 37918405 PMCID: PMC10694625 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.101253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Colonization of the gut and airways by pathogenic bacteria can lead to local tissue destruction and life-threatening systemic infections, especially in immunologically compromised individuals. Here, we describe an mRNA-based platform enabling delivery of pathogen-specific immunoglobulin A (IgA) monoclonal antibodies into mucosal secretions. The platform consists of synthetic mRNA encoding IgA heavy, light, and joining (J) chains, packaged in lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) that express glycosylated, dimeric IgA with functional activity in vitro and in vivo. Importantly, mRNA-derived IgA had a significantly greater serum half-life and a more native glycosylation profile in mice than did a recombinantly produced IgA. Expression of an mRNA encoded Salmonella-specific IgA in mice resulted in intestinal localization and limited Peyer's patch invasion. The same mRNA-LNP technology was used to express a Pseudomonas-specific IgA that protected from a lung challenge. Leveraging the mRNA antibody technology as a means to intercept bacterial pathogens at mucosal surfaces opens up avenues for prophylactic and therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ding Liu
- Moderna, Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Mark E Pulse
- HSC College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas, Fort Worth, TX 76132, USA
| | - William J Weiss
- HSC College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas, Fort Worth, TX 76132, USA
| | - Jennifer E Doering
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY 12211, USA
| | - Samantha K Lindberg
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University at Albany School of Public Health, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA
| | - Nicholas J Mantis
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY 12211, USA; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University at Albany School of Public Health, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA
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17
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Thompson NT, Kitzenberg DA, Kao DJ. Persister-mediated emergence of antimicrobial resistance in agriculture due to antibiotic growth promoters. AIMS Microbiol 2023; 9:738-756. [PMID: 38173975 PMCID: PMC10758577 DOI: 10.3934/microbiol.2023038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The creation and continued development of antibiotics have revolutionized human health and disease for the past century. The emergence of antimicrobial resistance represents a major threat to human health, and practices that contribute to the development of this threat need to be addressed. Since the 1950s, antibiotics have been used in low doses to increase growth and decrease the feed requirement of animal-derived food sources. A consequence of this practice is the accelerated emergence of antimicrobial resistance that can influence human health through its distribution via animal food products. In the laboratory setting, sublethal doses of antibiotics promote the expansion of bacterial persister populations, a low energy, low metabolism phenotype characterized broadly by antibiotic tolerance. Furthermore, the induction of persister bacteria has been positively correlated with an increased emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains. This body of evidence suggests that the use of antibiotics in agriculture at subtherapeutic levels is actively catalyzing the emergence of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria through the expansion of bacterial persister populations, which is potentially leading to increased infections in humans and decreased antibiotic potency. There is an urgent need to address this debilitating effect on antibiotics and its influence on human health. In this review, we summarize the recent literature on the topic of emerging antimicrobial resistance and its association with bacterial persister populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah T Thompson
- Department of Medicine and Mucosal Inflammation Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - David A Kitzenberg
- Department of Medicine and Mucosal Inflammation Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Daniel J Kao
- Department of Medicine and Mucosal Inflammation Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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18
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Liu L, Zhang QH, Li RT. In Situ and Individual-Based Analysis of the Influence of Polystyrene Microplastics on Escherichia coli Conjugative Gene Transfer at the Single-Cell Level. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:15936-15944. [PMID: 37801563 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c05476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
The impact of microplastic particles of micro- and nanometer sizes on microbial horizontal gene transfer (HGT) remains a controversial topic. Existing studies rely on traditional approaches, which analyze population behavior, leading to conflicting conclusions and a limited understanding. The present study addressed these limitations by employing a novel microfluidic chamber system for in situ visualization and precise quantification of the effects of different concentrations of polystyrene (PS) microbeads on microbial HGT at the single-cell level. The statistical analysis indicated no significant difference in the division times of both the donor and recipient bacteria across different PS microbead concentrations. However, as the concentration of PS microbeads increased from 0 to 2000 mg L-1, the average conjugation frequency of Escherichia coli decreased from 0.028 ± 0.015 to 0.004 ± 0.003. Our observations from the microfluidic experiments revealed that 500 nm PS microbeads created a barrier effect on bacterial conjugative transfer. The presence of microbeads resulted in reduced contact and interaction between the donor and recipient strains, thereby causing a decrease in the conjugation transfer frequency. These findings were validated by an individual-based modeling framework parameterized by the data from the individual-level microfluidic experiments. Overall, this study offers a fresh perspective and strategy for investigating the risks associated with the dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes related to microplastics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Liu
- School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, P. R. China
| | - Qiang-Hong Zhang
- School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, P. R. China
| | - Rui-Tong Li
- School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, P. R. China
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Wu Z, Gou R, Sha L, Yu C, Meng L, Jin Z. Effects of Luteolin-7-O-Glucoside on Intestinal Microbiota Dysbiosis and Drug Resistance Transmission Caused by Raoultella ornithinolytica B1645-1: Modulating the Composition of Intestinal Microbiota and Promoting the Transfer of blaNDM-1 Gene from Genus Enterococcus to Lactobacillus in Mice. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2477. [PMID: 37894135 PMCID: PMC10609467 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11102477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Raoultella ornithinolytica is an Enterobacteriaceae bacterium that can infect both humans and animals, while luteolin-7-O-glucoside (IOG) is a flavonoid that has broad effects on the intestinal microbiota of healthy animals. However, current studies lack sufficient data on intestinal microbiota dysbiosis and drug resistance transmission caused by R. ornithinolytica and the possible role of IOG. In this study, BALB/c mice were infected with R. ornithinolytica carrying blaNDM-1 gene and treated with IOG (3 mg/kg·d and 6 mg/kg·d) to analyze the diversity of intestinal microbiota and the transfer of blaNDM-1 between bacteria. The findings indicated that R. ornithinolytica B1645-1 exhibited a significant ability to enhance the Firmicutes/Bacteroidota ratio and increase the relative abundance of Lactobacillus and Bacillus after 48 h, where as 6 mg/kg·d IOG had an opposite effect. Moreover, R. ornithinolytica B1645-1 facilitated the emergence of drug-resistant bacteria and promoted blaNDM-1 gene transfer in Enterococcus, Escherichia, Klebsiella, Acinetobacter, Bacillus, Brevibacterium, and Lactobacillus. Enterococcus was the predominant genus at 48 h. Surprisingly, 6 mg/kg·d IOG significantly inhibited the production of drug-resistant bacteria and promoted blaNDM-1 gene transfer from Enterococcus to Lactobacillus at 144 h. However, the role of Lactobacillus as a recipient for drug-resistant genes should be of more concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaomeng Wu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China; (Z.W.); (R.G.); (L.S.); (C.Y.)
| | - Ronghui Gou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China; (Z.W.); (R.G.); (L.S.); (C.Y.)
| | - Longhua Sha
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China; (Z.W.); (R.G.); (L.S.); (C.Y.)
| | - Chunfang Yu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China; (Z.W.); (R.G.); (L.S.); (C.Y.)
| | - Lixue Meng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China; (Z.W.); (R.G.); (L.S.); (C.Y.)
| | - Zhixiong Jin
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China; (Z.W.); (R.G.); (L.S.); (C.Y.)
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China
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20
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Guillamet MCV, Damulira C, Atkinson A, Fraser VJ, Micek S, Kollef MH. Addition of aminoglycosides reduces recurrence of infections with multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacilli in patients with sepsis and septic shock. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2023; 62:106913. [PMID: 37422096 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2023.106913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Aminoglycosides and β-lactams have been recommended for treatment of sepsis/septic shock despite a lack of mortality benefit. Previous studies have examined resistance emergence for the same bacterial isolate using old dosing regimens and during a narrow follow-up window. We hypothesised that combination regimens employing aminoglycosides will decrease the cumulative incidence of infections due to multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative bacilli (GNB) compared with β-lactams alone. METHODS All adult patients admitted to Barnes Jewish Hospital between 2010 and 2017 with a diagnosis of sepsis/septic shock were included in this retrospective cohort study. Patients were divided into two treatment groups, with and without aminoglycosides. Patient demographics, severity of presentation, administered antibiotics, follow-up cultures with susceptibility results for a period of 4-60 days, and mortality were extracted. After propensity score matching, a Fine-Gray subdistribution proportional hazards model summarised the estimated incidence of subsequent infections with MDR-GNB in the presence of all-cause death as a competing risk. RESULTS A total of 10 212 septic patients were included, with 1996 (19.5%) treated with at least two antimicrobials including one aminoglycoside. After propensity score matching, the cumulative incidence of MDR-GNB infections between 4-60 days was lower in the combination group (incidence at 60 days 0.073, 95% CI 0.062-0.085) versus patients not receiving aminoglycosides (0.116, 95% CI 0.102-0.130). Patients aged ≤65 years and with haematological malignancies had a larger treatment effect in subgroup analyses. CONCLUSION Addition of aminoglycosides to β-lactams may protect against subsequent infections due to MDR-GNB in patients with sepsis/septic shock.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Cristina Vazquez Guillamet
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA.
| | | | - Andrew Atkinson
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Victoria J Fraser
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Scott Micek
- St Louis College of Pharmacy, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Marin H Kollef
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA.
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21
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Ford L, Shah HJ, Eikmeier D, Hanna S, Chen J, Tagg KA, Langley G, Payne DC, Plumb ID. Antimicrobial-Resistant Nontyphoidal Salmonella Infection Following International Travel-United States, 2018-2019. J Infect Dis 2023; 228:533-541. [PMID: 37129066 PMCID: PMC10839744 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiad128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antimicrobial resistance in nontyphoidal Salmonella (NTS) can limit treatment options. We assessed the contribution of international travel to antimicrobial-resistant NTS infections. METHODS We describe NTS infections that were reported to the Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network during 2018-2019 and screened for genetic resistance determinants, including those conferring decreased susceptibility to first-line agents (ciprofloxacin, ceftriaxone, or azithromycin). We used multivariable logistic regression to assess the association between resistance and international travel during the 7 days before illness began. We estimated the contribution of international travel to resistance using population-attributable fractions, and we examined reported antimicrobial use. RESULTS Among 9301 NTS infections, 1159 (12%) occurred after recent international travel. Predicted resistance to first-line antimicrobials was more likely following travel; the adjusted odds ratio varied by travel region and was highest after travel to Asia (adjusted odds ratio, 7.2 [95% confidence interval, 5.5-9.5]). Overall, 19% (95% confidence interval, 17%-22%) of predicted resistance to first-line antimicrobials was attributable to international travel. More travelers than nontravelers receiving ciprofloxacin or other fluoroquinolones had isolates with predicted resistance to fluoroquinolones (29% vs 9%, respectively; P < .01). CONCLUSIONS International travel is a substantial risk factor for antimicrobial-resistant NTS infections. Understanding risks of resistant infection could help target prevention efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Ford
- Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Hazel J. Shah
- Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Dana Eikmeier
- Minnesota Department of Health, St Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Samir Hanna
- Tennessee Department of Health, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jessica Chen
- Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Kaitlin A. Tagg
- Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- ASRT, Inc., Smyrna Georgia, USA
| | - Gayle Langley
- Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Daniel C. Payne
- Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Ian D. Plumb
- Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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22
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Hu J, Li J, Huang X, Xia J, Cui M, Huang Y, Wen Y, Xie Y, Zhao Q, Cao S, Zou L, Han X. Genomic traits of multidrug resistant enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli isolates from diarrheic pigs. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1244026. [PMID: 37601351 PMCID: PMC10434507 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1244026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Diarrhea caused by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) infections poses a significant challenge in global pig farming. To address this issue, the study was conducted to identify and characterize 19 ETEC isolates from fecal samples of diarrheic pigs sourced from large-scale farms in Sichuan Province, China. Whole-genome sequencing and bioinformatic analysis were utilized for identification and characterization. The isolates exhibited substantial resistance to cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, ampicillin, tetracycline, florfenicol, and sulfadiazine, but were highly susceptible to amikacin, imipenem, and cefoxitin. Genetic diversity among the isolates was observed, with serotypes O22:H10, O163orOX21:H4, and O105:H8 being dominant. Further analysis revealed 53 resistance genes and 13 categories of 195 virulence factors. Of concern was the presence of tet(X4) in some isolates, indicating potential public health risks. The ETEC isolates demonstrated the ability to produce either heat-stable enterotoxin (ST) alone or both heat-labile enterotoxin (LT) and ST simultaneously, involving various virulence genes. Notably, STa were linked to human disease. Additionally, the presence of 4 hybrid ETEC/STEC isolates harboring Shiga-like toxin-related virulence factors, namely stx2a, stx2b, and stx2e-ONT-2771, was identified. IncF plasmids carrying multiple antimicrobial resistance genes were prevalent, and a hybrid ETEC/STEC plasmid was detected, highlighting the role of plasmids in hybrid pathotype emergence. These findings emphasized the multidrug resistance and pathogenicity of porcine-origin ETEC strains and the potential risk of epidemics through horizontal transmission of drug resistance, which is crucial for effective control strategies and interventions to mitigate the impact on animal and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiameng Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Junlin Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaobo Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education of China, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Xia
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education of China, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Min Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education of China, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Yong Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education of China, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Yiping Wen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education of China, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Yue Xie
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education of China, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Qin Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education of China, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Sanjie Cao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education of China, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Likou Zou
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinfeng Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education of China, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
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23
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Wang L, Lin Z, Ali M, Zhu X, Zhang Y, Li S, Li K, Kebzhai F, Li J. Effects of lactic acid bacteria isolated from Tibetan chickens on the growth performance and gut microbiota of broiler. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1171074. [PMID: 37547685 PMCID: PMC10397386 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1171074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are organic supplements that have several advantages for the health of the host. Tibetan chickens are an ancient breed, which evolve unique gut microbiota due to their adaptation to the hypoxic environment of high altitude. However, knowledge of LAB isolated from Tibetan chickens is very limited. Thus, the purpose of this study was to assess the probiotic properties of Lactobacillus Plantarum (LP1), Weissella criteria (WT1), and Pediococcus pentosaceus (PT2) isolated from Tibetan chickens and investigate their effects on growth performance, immunoregulation and intestinal microbiome in broiler chickens. Growth performance, serum biochemical analysis, real-time PCR, and 16S rRNA sequencing were performed to study the probiotic effects of LP1, WT1, and PT2 in broiler chickens. Results showed that LP1, WT1 and PT2 were excellent inhibitors against Escherichia coli (E. coli ATCC25922), meanwhile, LP1, WT1, and PT2 significantly increased weekly weight gain, villus height, antioxidant ability and gut microbiota diversity indexes in broilers. In addition, LP1 and PT2 increased the relative abundance of Lactobacillus and decreased Desulfovibrio in comparison with T1 (control group). Additionally, oral LAB can reduce cholesterol and regulate the expression of tight junction genes in broiler chickens, suggesting that LAB can improve the integrity of the cecal barrier and immune response. In conclusion, LAB improved the growth performance, gut barrier health, intestinal flora balance and immune protection of broiler chickens. Our findings revealed the uniqueness of LAB isolated from Tibetan chickens and its potential as a probiotic additive in poultry field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhengrong Lin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Mahboob Ali
- Department of Health, Rural Health Center Akhtarabad, Okara, Pakistan
| | - Xiaohui Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Siyuan Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Kun Li
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fareeda Kebzhai
- Directorate Planning and Development, Livestock and Dairy Development Department Balochistan, Quetta, Pakistan
| | - Jiakui Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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24
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Gül E, Abi Younes A, Huuskonen J, Diawara C, Nguyen BD, Maurer L, Bakkeren E, Hardt WD. Differences in carbon metabolic capacity fuel co-existence and plasmid transfer between Salmonella strains in the mouse gut. Cell Host Microbe 2023; 31:1140-1153.e3. [PMID: 37348498 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2023.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance plasmids can be disseminated between different Enterobacteriaceae in the gut. Here, we investigate how closely related Enterobacteriaceae populations with similar nutrient needs can co-bloom in the same gut and thereby facilitate plasmid transfer. Using different strains of Salmonella Typhimurium (S.Tm SL1344 and ATCC14028) and mouse models of Salmonellosis, we show that the bloom of one strain (i.e., recipient) from very low numbers in a gut pre-occupied by the other strain (i.e., donor) depends on strain-specific utilization of a distinct carbon source, galactitol or arabinose. Galactitol-dependent growth of the recipient S.Tm strain promotes plasmid transfer between non-isogenic strains and between E. coli and S.Tm. In mice stably colonized by a defined microbiota (OligoMM12), galactitol supplementation similarly facilitates co-existence of two S.Tm strains and promotes plasmid transfer. Our work reveals a metabolic strategy used by Enterobacteriaceae to expand in a pre-occupied gut and provides promising therapeutic targets for resistance plasmids spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ersin Gül
- Institute of Microbiology, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Andrew Abi Younes
- Institute of Microbiology, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jemina Huuskonen
- Institute of Microbiology, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Cheickna Diawara
- Institute of Microbiology, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bidong D Nguyen
- Institute of Microbiology, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Luca Maurer
- Institute of Microbiology, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Erik Bakkeren
- Institute of Microbiology, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Wolf-Dietrich Hardt
- Institute of Microbiology, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
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25
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Wang F, Fu Y, Lin Z, Zhang B, Se J, Guo X, Fan J, Jia Y, Xu X, Jiang Y, Shen C. Neglected Drivers of Antibiotic Resistance: Survival of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Pathogenic Escherichia coli from Livestock Waste through Dormancy and Release of Transformable Extracellular Antibiotic Resistance Genes under Heat Treatment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023. [PMID: 37336722 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c02377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae has caused a global pandemic with high prevalence in livestock and poultry, which could disseminate into the environment and humans. To curb this risk, heat-based harmless treatment of livestock waste was carried out. However, some risks of the bacterial persistence have not been thoroughly assessed. This study demonstrated that antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) could survive at 55 °C through dormancy, and simultaneously transformable extracellular antibiotic resistance genes (eARGs) would be released. The ESBL-producing pathogenic Escherichia coli CM1 from chicken manure could enter a dormant state at 55 °C and reactivate at 37 °C. Dormant CM1 had stronger β-lactam resistance, which was associated with high expression of β-lactamase genes and low expression of outer membrane porin genes. Resuscitated CM1 maintained its virulence expression and multidrug resistance and even had stronger cephalosporin resistance, which might be due to the ultra-low expression of the porin genes. Besides, heat at 55 °C promoted the release of eARGs, some of which possessed a certain nuclease stability and heat persistence, and even maintained their transformability to an Acinetobacter baylyi strain. Therefore, dormant multidrug-resistant pathogens from livestock waste will still pose a direct health risk to humans, while the resuscitation of dormant ARB and the transformation of released eARGs will jointly promote the proliferation of ARGs and the spread of antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feiyu Wang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yulong Fu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhihao Lin
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Bingni Zhang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jing Se
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiaoguang Guo
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jiahui Fan
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yangyang Jia
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiaojie Xu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yunhan Jiang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Chaofeng Shen
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Water Pollution Control and Environmental Safety, Hangzhou 310058, China
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26
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Verstraete L, Aizawa J, Govaerts M, De Vooght L, Lavigne R, Michiels J, Van den Bergh B, Cos P. In Vitro Persistence Level Reflects In Vivo Antibiotic Survival of Natural Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolates in a Murine Lung Infection Model. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0497022. [PMID: 37140371 PMCID: PMC10269860 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.04970-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinicians are increasingly confronted with the limitations of antibiotics to clear bacterial infections in patients. It has long been assumed that only antibiotic resistance plays a pivotal role in this phenomenon. Indeed, the worldwide emergence of antibiotic resistance is considered one of the major health threats of the 21st century. However, the presence of persister cells also has a significant influence on treatment outcomes. These antibiotic-tolerant cells are present in every bacterial population and are the result of the phenotypic switching of normal, antibiotic-sensitive cells. Persister cells complicate current antibiotic therapies and contribute to the development of resistance. In the past, extensive research has been performed to investigate persistence in laboratory settings; however, antibiotic tolerance under conditions that mimic the clinical setting remain poorly understood. In this study, we optimized a mouse model for lung infections with the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In this model, mice are intratracheally infected with P. aeruginosa embedded in seaweed alginate beads and subsequently treated with tobramycin via nasal droplets. A diverse panel of 18 P. aeruginosa strains originating from environmental, human, and animal clinical sources was selected to assess survival in the animal model. Survival levels were positively correlated with the survival levels determined via time-kill assays, a common method to study persistence in the laboratory. We showed that survival levels are comparable and thus that the classical persister assays are indicative of antibiotic tolerance in a clinical setting. The optimized animal model also enables us to test potential antipersister therapies and study persistence in relevant settings. IMPORTANCE The importance of targeting persister cells in antibiotic therapies is becoming more evident, as these antibiotic-tolerant cells underlie relapsing infections and resistance development. Here, we studied persistence in a clinically relevant pathogen, Pseudomonas aeruginosa. It is one of the six ESKAPE pathogens (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, P. aeruginosa, and Enterobacter spp.), which are considered major health threats. P. aeruginosa is mostly known to cause chronic lung infections in cystic fibrosis patients. We mimicked these lung infections in a mouse model to study persistence under more clinical conditions. It was shown that the survival levels of natural P. aeruginosa isolates in this model are positively correlated with the survival levels measured in classical persistence assays in vitro. These results not only validate the use of our current techniques to study persistence but also open opportunities to study new persistence mechanisms or evaluate new antipersister strategies in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laure Verstraete
- Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Center for Microbiology, Flanders Institute for Biotechnology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Juliana Aizawa
- Laboratory for Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Matthias Govaerts
- Laboratory for Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Linda De Vooght
- Laboratory for Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Rob Lavigne
- Laboratory of Gene Technology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan Michiels
- Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Center for Microbiology, Flanders Institute for Biotechnology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bram Van den Bergh
- Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Center for Microbiology, Flanders Institute for Biotechnology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Paul Cos
- Laboratory for Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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27
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Ma Y, Ramoneda J, Johnson DR. Timing of antibiotic administration determines the spread of plasmid-encoded antibiotic resistance during microbial range expansion. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3530. [PMID: 37316482 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39354-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Plasmids are the main vector by which antibiotic resistance is transferred between bacterial cells within surface-associated communities. In this study, we ask whether there is an optimal time to administer antibiotics to minimize plasmid spread in new bacterial genotypes during community expansion across surfaces. We address this question using consortia of Pseudomonas stutzeri strains, where one is an antibiotic resistance-encoding plasmid donor and the other a potential recipient. We allowed the strains to co-expand across a surface and administered antibiotics at different times. We find that plasmid transfer and transconjugant proliferation have unimodal relationships with the timing of antibiotic administration, where they reach maxima at intermediate times. These unimodal relationships result from the interplay between the probabilities of plasmid transfer and loss. Our study provides mechanistic insights into the transfer and proliferation of antibiotic resistance-encoding plasmids within microbial communities and identifies the timing of antibiotic administration as an important determinant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinyin Ma
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag), 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland.
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), 8092, Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Josep Ramoneda
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag), 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - David R Johnson
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag), 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland.
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, 3012, Bern, Switzerland.
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Tang W, Zhang Z, Nie D, Li Y, Liu S, Li Y. Protective Effect of Citrus Medica limonum Essential Oil against Escherichia coli K99-Induced Intestinal Barrier Injury in Mice. Nutrients 2023; 15:2697. [PMID: 37375600 DOI: 10.3390/nu15122697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Citrus Medica limonum essential oil (LEO) has been reported to have antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities, but its protective effect in the intestine remains unknown. In this study, we researched the protective effects of LEO in relation to intestinal inflammation induced by E. coli K99. The mice were pretreated with 300, 600, and 1200 mg/kg LEO and then stimulated with E. coli K99. The results showed that E. coli K99 caused immune organ responses, intestinal tissue injury, and inflammation. LEO pretreatment dose-dependently alleviated these changes by maintaining a low index in the thymus and spleen and producing a high content of immunoglobulin A, G, and M (IgA, IgG, and IgM) and low content of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and interleukin-6 (IL-6). Intestinal integrity as a consequence of the LEO pretreatment may be related to the high mRNA expression of intestinal trefoil factor (ITF) and the low mRNA expression of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1). Conclusively, an LEO pretreatment can alleviate E. coli K99-induced diarrhea, immune organ response, and body inflammation in mice by reducing the levels of inflammatory cytokines and improving the levels of immunoglobulin, and the intestinal integrity remained highest when maintaining the high mRNA expression of ITF and keeping the mRNA expression of TGF-β1 low in the intestinal tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixuan Tang
- Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Zhuo Zhang
- Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Dechao Nie
- Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yan Li
- Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Shutian Liu
- Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yanling Li
- Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
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29
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Li X, Xue X, Jia J, Zou X, Guan Y, Zhu L, Wang Z. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug diclofenac accelerates the emergence of antibiotic resistance via mutagenesis. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 326:121457. [PMID: 36958653 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Overuse of antimicrobial agents are generally considered to be a key factor in the occurrence of antibiotic resistance bacteria (ARB). Nevertheless, it is unclear whether ARB can be induced by non-antibiotic chemicals such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). Thus, the objective of this study is to investigate whether NSAID diclofenac (DCF) promote the emergence of antibiotic resistance in Escherichia coli K12 MG1655. Our results suggested that DCF induced the occurrence of ARB which showed hereditary stability of resistance. Meanwhile, gene variation was identified on chromosome of the ARB, and DCF can cause bacterial oxidative stress and SOS response. Subsequently, transcriptional levels of antioxidant (soxS, sodA, sodC, gor, katG, ahpF) and SOS (recA, lexA, uvrA, uvrB, ruvA, ruvB, dinB, umuC, polB) system-related genes were enhanced. However, the expression of related genes cannot be increased in high-dosage treatment compared with low-dosage samples because of cytotoxicity and cellular damage. Simultaneously, high-dosage DCF decreased the mutation frequency but enhanced the resistance of mutants. Our findings expand our knowledge of the promoting effect on the emergence of ARB caused by DCF. More attention and regulations should be given to these potential ecological and health risks for widespread DCF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangju Li
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xinong Road 22, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Xue Xue
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xinong Road 22, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Jia Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Xiaocui Zou
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xinong Road 22, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Yongjing Guan
- College of Marine Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Long Zhu
- College of Marine Science and Fisheries, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, 222005, China
| | - Zaizhao Wang
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xinong Road 22, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
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30
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Ehrhardt K, Becker AL, Grassl GA. Determinants of persistent Salmonella infections. Curr Opin Immunol 2023; 82:102306. [PMID: 36989589 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2023.102306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Persistent bacterial infections constitute an enormous challenge for public health. Amongst infections with other bacteria, infections with typhoidal and nontyphoidal Salmonella enterica serovars can result in long-term infections of the human and animal host. Persistent infections that are asymptomatic are difficult to identify and thus can serve as a silent reservoir for transmission. Symptomatic persistent infections are often difficult to treat as they harbor a combination of antibiotic-tolerant and antibiotic-resistant bacteria and boost the spread of genetic antibiotic resistance. In the last couple of years, the field has made some major progress in understanding the role of persisters, their reservoirs as well as their interplay with host factors in persistent Salmonella infections.
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31
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Zhou K, Sun L, Zhang X, Xu X, Mi K, Ma W, Zhang L, Huang L. Salmonella antimicrobials inherited and the non-inherited resistance: mechanisms and alternative therapeutic strategies. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1176317. [PMID: 37303797 PMCID: PMC10249997 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1176317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonella spp. is one of the most important foodborne pathogens. Typhoid fever and enteritis caused by Salmonella enterica are associated with 16-33 million infections and 500,000 to 600,000 deaths annually worldwide. The eradication of Salmonella is becoming increasingly difficult because of its remarkable capacity to counter antimicrobial agents. In addition to the intrinsic and acquired resistance of Salmonella, increasing studies indicated that its non-inherited resistance, which commonly mentioned as biofilms and persister cells, plays a critical role in refractory infections and resistance evolution. These remind the urgent demand for new therapeutic strategies against Salmonella. This review starts with escape mechanisms of Salmonella against antimicrobial agents, with particular emphasis on the roles of the non-inherited resistance in antibiotic failure and resistance evolution. Then, drug design or therapeutic strategies that show impressive effects in overcoming Salmonella resistance and tolerance are summarized completely, such as overcoming the barrier of outer membrane by targeting MlaABC system, reducing persister cells by limiting hydrogen sulfide, and applying probiotics or predatory bacteria. Meanwhile, according to the clinical practice, the advantages and disadvantages of above strategies are discussed. Finally, we further analyze how to deal with this tricky problems, thus can promote above novel strategies to be applied in the clinic as soon as possible. We believed that this review will be helpful in understanding the relationships between tolerance phenotype and resistance of Salmonella as well as the efficient control of antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaixiang Zhou
- Department of Veterinary Medicine Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU), Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Lei Sun
- Department of Veterinary Medicine Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU), Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xuehua Zhang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU), Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiangyue Xu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU), Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Kun Mi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU), Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wenjin Ma
- Department of Veterinary Medicine Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU), Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Lan Zhang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU), Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Lingli Huang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU), Wuhan, Hubei, China
- MOA Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Ahmad M, Prensky H, Balestrieri J, ElNaggar S, Gomez-Simmonds A, Uhlemann AC, Traxler B, Singh A, Lopatkin AJ. Tradeoff between lag time and growth rate drives the plasmid acquisition cost. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2343. [PMID: 37095096 PMCID: PMC10126158 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38022-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Conjugative plasmids drive genetic diversity and evolution in microbial populations. Despite their prevalence, plasmids can impose long-term fitness costs on their hosts, altering population structure, growth dynamics, and evolutionary outcomes. In addition to long-term fitness costs, acquiring a new plasmid introduces an immediate, short-term perturbation to the cell. However, due to the transient nature of this plasmid acquisition cost, a quantitative understanding of its physiological manifestations, overall magnitudes, and population-level implications, remains unclear. To address this, here we track growth of single colonies immediately following plasmid acquisition. We find that plasmid acquisition costs are primarily driven by changes in lag time, rather than growth rate, for nearly 60 conditions covering diverse plasmids, selection environments, and clinical strains/species. Surprisingly, for a costly plasmid, clones exhibiting longer lag times also achieve faster recovery growth rates, suggesting an evolutionary tradeoff. Modeling and experiments demonstrate that this tradeoff leads to counterintuitive ecological dynamics, whereby intermediate-cost plasmids outcompete both their low and high-cost counterparts. These results suggest that, unlike fitness costs, plasmid acquisition dynamics are not uniformly driven by minimizing growth disadvantages. Moreover, a lag/growth tradeoff has clear implications in predicting the ecological outcomes and intervention strategies of bacteria undergoing conjugation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrose Ahmad
- Department of Biology, Barnard College, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Hannah Prensky
- Department of Biology, Barnard College, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | | | - Shahd ElNaggar
- Department of Biology, Barnard College, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Angela Gomez-Simmonds
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Anne-Catrin Uhlemann
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Beth Traxler
- Department Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Abhyudai Singh
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19717, USA
| | - Allison J Lopatkin
- Department of Biology, Barnard College, New York, NY, 10027, USA.
- Department Ecology, Evolution, and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA.
- Data Science Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14627, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14627, USA.
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Wang S, Mirmiran SD, Li X, Li X, Zhang F, Duan X, Gao D, Chen Y, Chen H, Qian P. Temperate phage influence virulence and biofilm-forming of Salmonella Typhimurium and enhance the ability to contaminate food product. Int J Food Microbiol 2023; 398:110223. [PMID: 37120944 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2023.110223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Salmonella is a food-borne zoonotic pathogen that threatens food safety and public health security. Temperate phages can influence bacterial virulence and phenotype and play an important role in bacterial evolution. However, most studies on Salmonella temperate phages focus on prophage induced by bacteria, with few reports on Salmonella temperate phages isolated in the environment. Moreover, whether temperate phages drive bacterial virulence and biofilm formation in food and animal models remains unknown. In this study, Salmonella temperate phage vB_Sal_PHB48 was isolated from sewage. TEM and phylogenetic analysis indicated that phage PHB48 belongs to the Myoviridae family. Additionally, Salmonella Typhimurium integrating PHB48 was screened and designated as Sal013+. Whole genome sequencing revealed that the integration site was specific and we confirmed that the integration of PHB48 did not change the O-antigen and coding sequences of Sal013. Our in vitro and in vivo studies showed that the integration of PHB48 could significantly enhance the virulence and biofilm formation of S. Typhimurium. More importantly, the integration of PHB48 significantly improved the colonization and contamination ability of bacteria in food samples. In conclusion, we isolated Salmonella temperate phage directly from the environment and systematically clarified that PHB48 enhanced the virulence and biofilm-forming ability of Salmonella. In addition, we found that PHB48 increased the colonization and contamination ability of Salmonella in food samples. These results indicated that the highly pathogenic Salmonella induced by temperate phage was more harmful to food matrices and public health security. Our results could enhance the understanding of the evolutionary relationship between bacteriophages and bacteria, and raise public awareness of large-scale outbreaks resulting from Salmonella virulence enhancement in food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070 Wuhan, China; The Cooperative Innovation Centre for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070 Wuhan, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070 Wuhan, China
| | - Seyyed Danial Mirmiran
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070 Wuhan, China; The Cooperative Innovation Centre for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070 Wuhan, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070 Wuhan, China
| | - Xiangmin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070 Wuhan, China; The Cooperative Innovation Centre for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070 Wuhan, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070 Wuhan, China
| | - Xinxin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070 Wuhan, China; The Cooperative Innovation Centre for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070 Wuhan, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070 Wuhan, China
| | - Fenqiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070 Wuhan, China; The Cooperative Innovation Centre for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070 Wuhan, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070 Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaochao Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070 Wuhan, China; The Cooperative Innovation Centre for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070 Wuhan, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070 Wuhan, China
| | - Dongyang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070 Wuhan, China; The Cooperative Innovation Centre for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070 Wuhan, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070 Wuhan, China
| | - Yibao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070 Wuhan, China; The Cooperative Innovation Centre for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070 Wuhan, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070 Wuhan, China
| | - Huanchun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070 Wuhan, China; The Cooperative Innovation Centre for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070 Wuhan, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070 Wuhan, China
| | - Ping Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070 Wuhan, China; The Cooperative Innovation Centre for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070 Wuhan, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070 Wuhan, China.
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LaGree TJ, Byrd BA, Quelle RM, Schofield SL, Mok WWK. Stimulating Transcription in Antibiotic-Tolerant Escherichia coli Sensitizes It to Fluoroquinolone and Nonfluoroquinolone Topoisomerase Inhibitors. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2023; 67:e0163922. [PMID: 36951560 PMCID: PMC10112259 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01639-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic tolerant bacteria and persistent cells that remain alive after a course of antibiotic treatment can foster the chronicity of infections and the development of antibiotic resistance. Elucidating how bacteria overcome antibiotic action and devising strategies to bolster a new drug's activity can allow us to preserve our antibiotic arsenal. Here, we investigate strategies to potentiate the activities of topoisomerase inhibitors against nongrowing Escherichia coli that are often recalcitrant to existing antibiotics. We focus on sensitizing bacteria to the fluoroquinolone (FQ) levofloxacin (Levo) and to the spiropyrimidinetrione zoliflodacin (Zoli)-the first antibiotic in its class of compounds in clinical development. We found that metabolic stimulation either alone or in combination with inhibiting the AcrAB-TolC efflux pump sensitized stationary-phase E. coli to Levo and Zoli. We demonstrate that the added metabolites increased proton motive force generation and ATP production in stationary-phase cultures without restarting growth. Instead, the stimulated bacteria increased transcription and translation, which rendered the populations more susceptible to topoisomerase inhibitors. Our findings illuminate potential vulnerabilities of antibiotic-tolerant bacteria that can be leveraged to sensitize them to new and existing classes of topoisomerase inhibitors. These approaches enable us to stay one step ahead of adaptive bacteria and safeguard the efficacy of our existing antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis J. LaGree
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biophysics, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Brandon A. Byrd
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biophysics, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
- School of Medicine, University of Connecticut, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Ryan M. Quelle
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biophysics, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Stephanie L. Schofield
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biophysics, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Wendy W. K. Mok
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biophysics, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
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Hao G, Li P, Huang J, Cui K, Liang L, Lin F, Lu Z, Sun S. Research Note: Therapeutic effect of a Salmonella phage combination on chicks infected with Salmonella Typhimurium. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102715. [PMID: 37209652 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic treatment failure is increasingly encountered for the emergence of pandrug-resistant isolates, including the prototypical broad-host-range Salmonella enterica serovar (S.) Typhimurium, which mainly transmitted to humans through poultry products. In this study we explored the therapeutic potential of a Salmonella phage composition containing a virulent phage and a nonproductive phage that does not produce progeny phage against chicks infected with a pandrug-resistant S. Typhimurium strain of avian origin. After approximately 107 CFU of S. Typhimurium strain ST149 were administrated to chicks by intraperitoneal injection, the phage combination (∼108 PFU) was gavaged at 8-h, 32-h, and 54-h postinfection. At d 10 postinfection, phage treatment completely protected chicks from Salmonella-induced death compared to 91.7% survival in the Salmonella challenge group. In addition, phage treatment also greatly reduced the bacterial load in various organs, with Salmonella colonization levels decreasing more significantly in spleen and bursa than in liver and cecal contents, possibly due to higher phage titers in these immune organs. However, phages could not alleviate the decreased body weight gain and the enlargement of spleen and bursa of infected chicks. Further examination of the bacterial flora in the cecal contents of chicks found that S. Typhimurium infection caused a remarkable decrease in abundance of Clostridia vadin BB60 group and Mollicutes RF39 (the dominant genus in chicks), making Lactobacillus the dominate genus. Although phage treatment partially restored the decline of Clostridia vadin BB60 group and Mollicutes RF39 and increased abundance of Lactobacillus caused by S. Typhimurium infection, Fournierella that may aggravate intestinal inflammation became the major genus, followed by increased Escherichia-Shigella as the second dominate bacterial genus. These results suggested that successive phage treatment modulated the structural composition and abundance of bacterial communities, but failed to normalize the intestinal microbiome disrupted by S. Typhimurium infection. Phages need to be combined with other means to control the spread of S. Typhimurium in poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guijuan Hao
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Peiyong Li
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Jiaqi Huang
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Ketong Cui
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Lu Liang
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Fang Lin
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Zhiyuan Lu
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Shuhong Sun
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China.
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Xue X, Li X, Liu J, Zhu L, Zhou L, Jia J, Wang Z. Field-realistic dose of cefotaxime enhances potential mobility of β-lactam resistance genes in the gut microbiota of zebrafish (Danio rerio). AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 257:106459. [PMID: 36857871 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2023.106459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
With large amounts of cephalosporin end up in natural ecosystems, water has been acknowledged as the large reservoir of β-lactam resistance over the past decades. However, there is still insufficient knowledge available on the function of the living organisms to the transmission of antibiotic resistance. For this reason, in this study, using adult zebrafish (Danio rerio) as animal model, exposing them to environmentally relevant dose of cefotaxime for 150 days, we asked whether cefotaxime contamination accelerated β-lactam resistance in gut microbiota as well as its potential transmission. Results showed that some of β-lactam resistance genes (βRGs) were intrinsic embedded in intestinal microbiome of zebrafish even without antibiotic stressor. Across cefotaxime treatment, the abundance of most βRGs in fish gut microbiome decreased apparently in the short term firstly, and then increased with the prolonged exposure, forming distinctly divergent βRG profiles with antibiotic-untreated zebrafish. Meanwhile, with the rising concentration of cefotaxime, the range of βRGs' host-taxa expanded and the co-occurrence relationships of mobile genetics elements (MGEs) with βRGs intensified, indicating the enhancement of βRGs' mobility in gut microbiome when the fish suffered from cefotaxime contamination. Furthermore, the path of partial least squares path modeling (PLS-PM) gave an integral assessment on the specific causality of cefotaxime treatment to βRG profiles, showing that cefotaxime-mediated βRGs variation was most ascribed to the alteration of MGEs under cefotaxime stress, followed by bacterial community, functioning both direct influence as βRG-hosts and indirect effects via affecting MGEs. Finally, pathogenic bacteria Aeromonas was identified as the critical host for multiple βRGs in fish guts, and its β-lactam resistance increased over the duration time of cefotaxime exposure, suggesting the potential spreading risks for the antibiotic-resistant pathogens from environmental ecosystems to clinic. Overall, our finding emphasized cefotaxime contamination in aquatic surroundings could enhance the β-lactam resistance and its transmission mobility in fish bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Xue
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xiangju Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Jialin Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Long Zhu
- College of Marine Science and Fisheries, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222005, China
| | - Linjun Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Jia Jia
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Zaizhao Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
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Personnic N, Doublet P, Jarraud S. Intracellular persister: A stealth agent recalcitrant to antibiotics. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1141868. [PMID: 37065203 PMCID: PMC10102521 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1141868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The bulk of bacteria transiently evading appropriate antibiotic regimes and recovered from non-resolutive infections are commonly refer to as persisters. In this mini-review, we discuss how antibiotic persisters stem from the interplay between the pathogen and the cellular defenses mechanisms and its underlying heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Personnic
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, CNRS UMR 5308, INSERM U1111, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
- Group Persistence and Single-Cell Dynamics of Respiratory Pathogens, Lyon, France
- *Correspondence: Nicolas Personnic,
| | - Patricia Doublet
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, CNRS UMR 5308, INSERM U1111, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
- Group Legionella Pathogenesis, Lyon, France
| | - Sophie Jarraud
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, CNRS UMR 5308, INSERM U1111, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
- Group Legionella Pathogenesis, Lyon, France
- National Reference Centre for Legionella, Institute of Infectious Agents, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
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Qi Q, Kamruzzaman M, Iredell JR. A Streamlined Approach for Fluorescence Labelling of Low-Copy-Number Plasmids for Determination of Conjugation Frequency by Flow Cytometry. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11040878. [PMID: 37110299 PMCID: PMC10144549 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11040878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial conjugation plays a major role in the dissemination of antibiotic resistance and virulence traits through horizontal transfer of plasmids. Robust measurement of conjugation frequency of plasmids between bacterial strains and species is therefore important for understanding the transfer dynamics and epidemiology of conjugative plasmids. In this study, we present a streamlined experimental approach for fluorescence labelling of low-copy-number conjugative plasmids that allows plasmid transfer frequency during filter mating to be measured by flow cytometry. A blue fluorescent protein gene is inserted into a conjugative plasmid of interest using a simple homologous recombineering procedure. A small non-conjugative plasmid, which carries a red fluorescent protein gene with a toxin–antitoxin system that functions as a plasmid stability module, is used to label the recipient bacterial strain. This offers the dual advantage of circumventing chromosomal modifications of recipient strains and ensuring that the red fluorescent protein gene-bearing plasmid can be stably maintained in recipient cells in an antibiotic-free environment during conjugation. A strong constitutive promoter allows the two fluorescent protein genes to be strongly and constitutively expressed from the plasmids, thus allowing flow cytometers to clearly distinguish between donor, recipient, and transconjugant populations in a conjugation mix for monitoring conjugation frequencies more precisely over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Qi
- Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Westmead, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Muhammad Kamruzzaman
- Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Westmead, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
- Correspondence: (M.K.); (J.R.I.)
| | - Jonathan R. Iredell
- Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Westmead, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
- Westmead Hospital, Westmead, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
- Correspondence: (M.K.); (J.R.I.)
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Liu W, Huang Y, Zhang H, Liu Z, Huan Q, Xiao X, Wang Z. Factors and Mechanisms Influencing Conjugation In Vivo in the Gastrointestinal Tract Environment: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:5919. [PMID: 36982992 PMCID: PMC10059276 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence and spread of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) have imposed a serious threat on global public health. Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) via plasmids is mainly responsible for the spread of ARGs, and conjugation plays an important role in HGT. The conjugation process is very active in vivo and its effect on the spreading of ARGs may be underestimated. In this review, factors affecting conjugation in vivo, especially in the intestinal environment, are summarized. In addition, the potential mechanisms affecting conjugation in vivo are summarized from the perspectives of bacterial colonization and the conjugation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225012, China
| | - Yanhu Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225012, China
| | - Han Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225012, China
| | - Ziyi Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225012, China
| | - Quanmin Huan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225012, China
| | - Xia Xiao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225012, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225012, China
| | - Zhiqiang Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225012, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225012, China
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225012, China
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40
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Yuan H, Zhou L, Chen Y, You J, Hu H, Li Y, Huang R, Wu S. Salmonella effector SopF regulates PANoptosis of intestinal epithelial cells to aggravate systemic infection. Gut Microbes 2023; 15:2180315. [PMID: 36803521 PMCID: PMC9980482 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2180315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
SopF, a newly discovered effector secreted by Salmonella pathogenicity island-1 type III secretion system (T3SS1), was reported to target phosphoinositide on host cell membrane and aggravate systemic infection, while its functional relevance and underlying mechanisms have yet to be elucidated. PANoptosis (pyroptosis, apoptosis, and necroptosis) of intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) has been characterized as a pivotal host defense to limit the dissemination of foodborne pathogens, whereas the effect of SopF on IECs PANoptosis induced by Salmonella is rather limited. Here, we show that SopF can attenuate intestinal inflammation and suppress IECs expulsion to promote bacterial dissemination in mice infected with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium). We revealed that SopF could activate phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase-1 (PDK1) to phosphorylate p90 ribosomal S6 kinase (RSK) which down-regulated Caspase-8 activation. Caspase-8 inactivated by SopF resulted in inhibition of pyroptosis and apoptosis, but promotion of necroptosis. The administration of both AR-12 (PDK1 inhibitor) and BI-D1870 (RSK inhibitor) potentially overcame Caspase-8 blockade and subverted PANoptosis challenged by SopF. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that this virulence strategy elicited by SopF aggregates systemic infection via modulating IEC PANoptosis through PDK1-RSK signaling, which throws light on novel functions of bacterial effectors, as well as a mechanism employed by pathogens to counteract host immune defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Yuan
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Biology and Basic Medical Science, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China,Department of Medical Technology, Suzhou Vocational Health College, Suzhou, China
| | - Liting Zhou
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Biology and Basic Medical Science, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China,Suzhou Key Laboratory of Pathogen Bioscience and Anti-infective Medicine
| | - Yilin Chen
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Biology and Basic Medical Science, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jiayi You
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Biology and Basic Medical Science, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Hongye Hu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Biology and Basic Medical Science, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Biology and Basic Medical Science, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China,Suzhou Key Laboratory of Pathogen Bioscience and Anti-infective Medicine
| | - Rui Huang
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Biology and Basic Medical Science, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China,Suzhou Key Laboratory of Pathogen Bioscience and Anti-infective Medicine
| | - Shuyan Wu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Biology and Basic Medical Science, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China,Suzhou Key Laboratory of Pathogen Bioscience and Anti-infective Medicine,CONTACT Shuyan Wu; Rui Huang ; Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, No. 199, Ren Ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu215123, PR China
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Herzog MKM, Cazzaniga M, Peters A, Shayya N, Beldi L, Hapfelmeier S, Heimesaat MM, Bereswill S, Frankel G, Gahan CG, Hardt WD. Mouse models for bacterial enteropathogen infections: insights into the role of colonization resistance. Gut Microbes 2023; 15:2172667. [PMID: 36794831 PMCID: PMC9980611 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2172667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Globally, enteropathogenic bacteria are a major cause of morbidity and mortality.1-3 Campylobacter, Salmonella, Shiga-toxin-producing Escherichia coli, and Listeria are among the top five most commonly reported zoonotic pathogens in the European Union.4 However, not all individuals naturally exposed to enteropathogens go on to develop disease. This protection is attributable to colonization resistance (CR) conferred by the gut microbiota, as well as an array of physical, chemical, and immunological barriers that limit infection. Despite their importance for human health, a detailed understanding of gastrointestinal barriers to infection is lacking, and further research is required to investigate the mechanisms that underpin inter-individual differences in resistance to gastrointestinal infection. Here, we discuss the current mouse models available to study infections by non-typhoidal Salmonella strains, Citrobacter rodentium (as a model for enteropathogenic and enterohemorrhagic E. coli), Listeria monocytogenes, and Campylobacter jejuni. Clostridioides difficile is included as another important cause of enteric disease in which resistance is dependent upon CR. We outline which parameters of human infection are recapitulated in these mouse models, including the impact of CR, disease pathology, disease progression, and mucosal immune response. This will showcase common virulence strategies, highlight mechanistic differences, and help researchers from microbiology, infectiology, microbiome research, and mucosal immunology to select the optimal mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias K.-M. Herzog
- Department of Biology, Institute of Microbiology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Monica Cazzaniga
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Audrey Peters
- Department of Life Sciences, MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Nizar Shayya
- Institute of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Luca Beldi
- Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Markus M. Heimesaat
- Institute of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Bereswill
- Institute of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gad Frankel
- Department of Life Sciences, MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Cormac G.M. Gahan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Wolf-Dietrich Hardt
- Department of Biology, Institute of Microbiology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Batchelder JI, Hare PJ, Mok WWK. Resistance-resistant antibacterial treatment strategies. FRONTIERS IN ANTIBIOTICS 2023; 2:1093156. [PMID: 36845830 PMCID: PMC9954795 DOI: 10.3389/frabi.2023.1093156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is a major danger to public health that threatens to claim the lives of millions of people per year within the next few decades. Years of necessary administration and excessive application of antibiotics have selected for strains that are resistant to many of our currently available treatments. Due to the high costs and difficulty of developing new antibiotics, the emergence of resistant bacteria is outpacing the introduction of new drugs to fight them. To overcome this problem, many researchers are focusing on developing antibacterial therapeutic strategies that are "resistance-resistant"-regimens that slow or stall resistance development in the targeted pathogens. In this mini review, we outline major examples of novel resistance-resistant therapeutic strategies. We discuss the use of compounds that reduce mutagenesis and thereby decrease the likelihood of resistance emergence. Then, we examine the effectiveness of antibiotic cycling and evolutionary steering, in which a bacterial population is forced by one antibiotic toward susceptibility to another antibiotic. We also consider combination therapies that aim to sabotage defensive mechanisms and eliminate potentially resistant pathogens by combining two antibiotics or combining an antibiotic with other therapeutics, such as antibodies or phages. Finally, we highlight promising future directions in this field, including the potential of applying machine learning and personalized medicine to fight antibiotic resistance emergence and out-maneuver adaptive pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan I Batchelder
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, United States
| | - Patricia J Hare
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, United States.,School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT, United States
| | - Wendy W K Mok
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, United States
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43
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Xue P, Sang R, Li N, Du S, Kong X, Tai M, Jiang Z, Chen Y. A new approach to overcoming antibiotic-resistant bacteria: Traditional Chinese medicine therapy based on the gut microbiota. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1119037. [PMID: 37091671 PMCID: PMC10117969 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1119037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
With the irrational use of antibiotics and the increasing abuse of oral antibiotics, the drug resistance of gastrointestinal pathogens has become a prominent problem in clinical practice. Gut microbiota plays an important role in maintaining human health, and the change of microbiota also affects the activity of pathogenic bacteria. Interfering with antibiotic resistant bacteria by affecting gut microbiota has also become an important regulatory signal. In clinical application, due to the unique advantages of traditional Chinese medicine in sterilization and drug resistance, it is possible for traditional Chinese medicine to improve the gut microbial microenvironment. This review discusses the strategies of traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of drug-resistant bacterial infections by changing the gut microenvironment, unlocking the interaction between microbiota and drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Xue
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rui Sang
- Center for Basic Medical Research, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Nan Li
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Siyuan Du
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiuwen Kong
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mingliang Tai
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhihao Jiang
- Center for Basic Medical Research, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
- *Correspondence: Ying Chen,
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44
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Geerts N, De Vooght L, Passaris I, Delputte P, Van den Bergh B, Cos P. Antibiotic Tolerance Indicative of Persistence Is Pervasive among Clinical Streptococcus pneumoniae Isolates and Shows Strong Condition Dependence. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0270122. [PMID: 36374111 PMCID: PMC9769776 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02701-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae is an important human pathogen, being one of the most common causes of community-acquired pneumonia and otitis media. Antibiotic resistance in S. pneumoniae is an emerging problem, as it depletes our arsenal of effective drugs. In addition, persistence also contributes to the antibiotic crisis in many other pathogens, yet for S. pneumoniae, little is known about antibiotic-tolerant persisters and robust experimental means are lacking. Persister cells are phenotypic variants that exist as a subpopulation within a clonal culture. Being tolerant to lethal antibiotics, they underly the chronic nature of a variety of infections and even help in acquiring genetic resistance. In this study, we set out to identify and characterize persistence in S. pneumoniae. Specifically, we followed different strategies to overcome the self-limiting nature of S. pneumoniae as a confounding factor in the prolonged monitoring of antibiotic survival needed to study persistence. Under optimized conditions, we identified genuine persisters in various growth phases and for four relevant antibiotics through biphasic survival dynamics and heritability assays. Finally, we detected a high variety in antibiotic survival levels across a diverse collection of S. pneumoniae clinical isolates, which assumes that a high natural diversity in persistence is widely present in S. pneumoniae. Collectively, this proof of concept significantly progresses the understanding of the importance of antibiotic persistence in S. pneumoniae infections, which will set the stage for characterizing its relevance to clinical outcomes and advocates for increased attention to the phenotype in both fundamental and clinical research. IMPORTANCE S. pneumoniae is considered a serious threat by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention because of rising antibiotic resistance. In addition to resistance, bacteria can also survive lethal antibiotic treatment by developing antibiotic tolerance, more specifically, antibiotic tolerance through persistence. This phenotypic variation seems omnipresent among bacterial life, is linked to therapy failure, and acts as a catalyst for resistance development. This study gives the first proof of the presence of persister cells in S. pneumoniae and shows a high variety in persistence levels among diverse strains, suggesting that persistence is a general trait in S. pneumoniae cultures. Our work advocates for higher interest for persistence in S. pneumoniae as a contributing factor for therapy failure and resistance development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nele Geerts
- Laboratory for Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Linda De Vooght
- Laboratory for Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), Wilrijk, Belgium
| | | | - Peter Delputte
- Laboratory for Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Bram Van den Bergh
- Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, Department of Molecular and Microbial Systems, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Center for Microbiology, Flanders Institute for Biotechnology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Paul Cos
- Laboratory for Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), Wilrijk, Belgium
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The RNA-Binding Protein ProQ Promotes Antibiotic Persistence in Salmonella. mBio 2022; 13:e0289122. [PMID: 36409088 PMCID: PMC9765298 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02891-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial populations can survive exposure to antibiotics through transient phenotypic and gene expression changes. These changes can be attributed to a small subpopulation of bacteria, giving rise to antibiotic persistence. Although this phenomenon has been known for decades, much remains to be learned about the mechanisms that drive persister formation. The RNA-binding protein ProQ has recently emerged as a global regulator of gene expression. Here, we show that ProQ impacts persister formation in Salmonella. In vitro, ProQ contributes to growth arrest in a subset of cells that are able to survive treatment at high concentrations of different antibiotics. The underlying mechanism for ProQ-dependent persister formation involves the activation of metabolically costly processes, including the flagellar pathway and the type III protein secretion system encoded on Salmonella pathogenicity island 2. Importantly, we show that the ProQ-dependent phenotype is relevant during macrophage infection and allows Salmonella to survive the combined action of host immune defenses and antibiotics. Together, our data highlight the importance of ProQ in Salmonella persistence and pathogenesis. IMPORTANCE Bacteria can avoid eradication by antibiotics through a phenomenon known as persistence. Persister cells arise through phenotypic heterogeneity and constitute a small fraction of dormant cells within a population of actively growing bacteria, which is susceptible to antibiotic killing. In this study, we show that ProQ, an RNA-binding protein and global regulator of gene expression, promotes persisters in the human pathogen Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. Bacteria lacking the proQ gene outcompete wild-type bacteria under laboratory conditions, are less prone to enter growth dormancy, and form fewer persister cells. The basis for these phenotypes lies in ProQ's ability to activate energy-consuming cellular processes, including flagellar motility and protein secretion. Importantly, we show that ProQ contributes to the persister phenotype during Salmonella infection of macrophages, indicating an important role of this global regulator in Salmonella pathogenesis.
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The Mobilizable Plasmid P3 of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium SL1344 Depends on the P2 Plasmid for Conjugative Transfer into a Broad Range of Bacteria In Vitro and In Vivo. J Bacteriol 2022; 204:e0034722. [PMID: 36383016 PMCID: PMC9765291 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00347-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The global rise of drug-resistant bacteria is of great concern. Conjugative transfer of antibiotic resistance plasmids contributes to the emerging resistance crisis. Despite substantial progress in understanding the molecular basis of conjugation in vitro, the in vivo dynamics of intra- and interspecies conjugative plasmid transfer are much less understood. In this study, we focused on the streptomycin resistance-encoding mobilizable plasmid pRSF1010SL1344 (P3) of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium strain SL1344. We show that P3 is mobilized by interacting with the conjugation machinery of the conjugative plasmid pCol1B9SL1344 (P2) of SL1344. Thereby, P3 can be transferred into a broad range of relevant environmental and clinical bacterial isolates in vitro and in vivo. Our data suggest that S. Typhimurium persisters in host tissues can serve as P3 reservoirs and foster transfer of both P2 and P3 once they reseed the gut lumen. This adds to our understanding of resistance plasmid transfer in ecologically relevant niches, including the mammalian gut. IMPORTANCE S. Typhimurium is a globally abundant bacterial species that rapidly occupies new niches and survives unstable environmental conditions. As an enteric pathogen, S. Typhimurium interacts with a broad range of bacterial species residing in the mammalian gut. High abundance of bacteria in the gut lumen facilitates conjugation and spread of plasmid-carried antibiotic resistance genes. By studying the transfer dynamics of the P3 plasmid in vitro and in vivo, we illustrate the impact of S. Typhimurium-mediated antibiotic resistance spread via conjugation to relevant environmental and clinical bacterial isolates. Plasmids are among the most critical vehicles driving antibiotic resistance spread. Further understanding of the dynamics and drivers of antibiotic resistance transfer is needed to develop effective solutions for slowing down the emerging threat of multidrug-resistant bacterial pathogens.
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Newson JP, Gaissmaier MS, McHugh SC, Hardt WD. Studying antibiotic persistence in vivo using the model organism Salmonella Typhimurium. Curr Opin Microbiol 2022; 70:102224. [PMID: 36335713 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2022.102224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Antibiotic persistence permits a subpopulation of susceptible bacteria to survive lethal concentrations of bactericidal antibiotics. This prolongs antibiotic therapy, promotes the evolution of antibiotic-resistant pathogen strains and can select for pathogen virulence within infected hosts. Here, we review the literature exploring antibiotic persistence in vivo, and describe the consequences of recalcitrant subpopulations, with a focus on studies using the model pathogen Salmonella Typhimurium. In vitro studies have established a concise set of features distinguishing true persisters from other forms of bacterial recalcitrance to bactericidal antibiotics. We discuss how animal infection models are useful for exploring these features in vivo, and describe how technical challenges can sometimes prevent the conclusive identification of true antibiotic persistence within infected hosts. We propose using two complementary working definitions for studying antibiotic persistence in vivo: the strict definition for studying the mechanisms of persister formation, and an operative definition for functional studies assessing the links between invasive virulence and persistence as well as the consequences for horizontal gene transfer, or the emergence of antibiotic-resistant mutants. This operative definition will enable further study of how antibiotic persisters arise in vivo, and of how surviving populations contribute to diverse downstream effects such as pathogen transmission, horizontal gene transfer and the evolution of virulence and antibiotic resistance. Ultimately, such studies will help to improve therapeutic control of antibiotic- recalcitrant populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Pm Newson
- Institute of Microbiology, Department of Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Marla S Gaissmaier
- Institute of Microbiology, Department of Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Sarah C McHugh
- Department of Fundamental Microbiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Wolf-Dietrich Hardt
- Institute of Microbiology, Department of Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
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Microfluidic dose-response platform to track the dynamics of drug response in single mycobacterial cells. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19578. [PMID: 36379978 PMCID: PMC9666435 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24175-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Preclinical analysis of drug efficacy is critical for drug development. However, conventional bulk-cell assays statically assess the mean population behavior, lacking resolution on drug-escaping cells. Inaccurate estimation of efficacy can lead to overestimation of compounds, whose efficacy will not be confirmed in the clinic, or lead to rejection of valuable candidates. Time-lapse microfluidic microscopy is a powerful approach to characterize drugs at high spatiotemporal resolution, but hard to apply on a large scale. Here we report the development of a microfluidic platform based on a pneumatic operating principle, which is scalable and compatible with long-term live-cell imaging and with simultaneous analysis of different drug concentrations. We tested the platform with mycobacterial cells, including the tubercular pathogen, providing the first proof of concept of a single-cell dose-response assay. This dynamic in-vitro model will prove useful to probe the fate of drug-stressed cells, providing improved predictions of drug efficacy in the clinic.
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49
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Antibiotic tolerance and persistence have distinct fitness trade-offs. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010963. [DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetically susceptible bacteria can escape the action of bactericidal antibiotics through antibiotic tolerance or persistence. However, one major difference between the two phenomena is their distinct penetrance within an isogenic population. While with antibiotic persistence, susceptible and persister cells co-exist, antibiotic tolerance affects the entire bacterial population. Here, we show that antibiotic tolerance can be achieved in numerous non-specific ways in vitro and during infection. More importantly, we highlight that, due to their impact on the entire bacterial population, these tolerance-inducing conditions completely mask persistence and the action of its molecular determinants. Finally, we show that even though tolerant populations display a high survival rate under bactericidal drug treatment, this feature comes at the cost of having impaired proliferation during infection. In contrast, persistence is a risk-limiting strategy that allows bacteria to survive antibiotic treatment without reducing the ability of the population to colonize their host. Altogether, our data emphasise that the distinction between these phenomena is of utmost importance to improve the design of more efficient antibiotic therapies.
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Kessler C, Hou J, Neo O, Buckner MMC. In situ, in vivo, and in vitro approaches for studying AMR plasmid conjugation in the gut microbiome. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2022; 47:6807411. [PMID: 36341518 PMCID: PMC9841969 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuac044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global threat, with evolution and spread of resistance to frontline antibiotics outpacing the development of novel treatments. The spread of AMR is perpetuated by transfer of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) between bacteria, notably those encoded by conjugative plasmids. The human gut microbiome is a known 'melting pot' for plasmid conjugation, with ARG transfer in this environment widely documented. There is a need to better understand the factors affecting the incidence of these transfer events, and to investigate methods of potentially counteracting the spread of ARGs. This review describes the use and potential of three approaches to studying conjugation in the human gut: observation of in situ events in hospitalized patients, modelling of the microbiome in vivo predominantly in rodent models, and the use of in vitro models of various complexities. Each has brought unique insights to our understanding of conjugation in the gut. The use and development of these systems, and combinations thereof, will be pivotal in better understanding the significance, prevalence, and manipulability of horizontal gene transfer in the gut microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celia Kessler
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection College of Medical and Dental Sciences Biosciences Building University Road West University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Jingping Hou
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection College of Medical and Dental Sciences Biosciences Building University Road West University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Onalenna Neo
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection College of Medical and Dental Sciences Biosciences Building University Road West University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Michelle M C Buckner
- Corresponding author: Biosciences Building, University Road West, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom. Tel: +44 (0)121 415 8758; E-mail:
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