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Karmakar S, Mishra A, Pal P, Lal G. Effector and cytolytic function of natural killer cells in anticancer immunity. J Leukoc Biol 2024; 115:235-252. [PMID: 37818891 DOI: 10.1093/jleuko/qiad126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Adaptive immune cells play an important role in mounting antigen-specific antitumor immunity. The contribution of innate immune cells such as monocytes, macrophages, natural killer (NK) cells, dendritic cells, and gamma-delta T cells is well studied in cancer immunology. NK cells are innate lymphoid cells that show effector and regulatory function in a contact-dependent and contact-independent manner. The cytotoxic function of NK cells plays an important role in killing the infected and transformed host cells and controlling infection and tumor growth. However, several studies have also ascribed the role of NK cells in inducing pathophysiology in autoimmune diseases, promoting immune tolerance in the uterus, and antitumor function in the tumor microenvironment. We discuss the fundamentals of NK cell biology, its distribution in different organs, cellular and molecular interactions, and its cytotoxic and noncytotoxic functions in cancer biology. We also highlight the use of NK cell-based adoptive cellular therapy in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surojit Karmakar
- Laboratory of Autoimmunity and Tolerance, National Centre for Cell Science, Ganeshkhind, Pune, MH-411007, India
| | - Amrita Mishra
- Laboratory of Autoimmunity and Tolerance, National Centre for Cell Science, Ganeshkhind, Pune, MH-411007, India
| | - Pradipta Pal
- Laboratory of Autoimmunity and Tolerance, National Centre for Cell Science, Ganeshkhind, Pune, MH-411007, India
| | - Girdhari Lal
- Laboratory of Autoimmunity and Tolerance, National Centre for Cell Science, Ganeshkhind, Pune, MH-411007, India
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2
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Creegan M, Degler J, Paquin-Proulx D, Eller MA, Machmach K. OMIP-098: A 26 parameter, 24 color flow cytometry panel for human memory NK cell phenotyping. Cytometry A 2023; 103:941-946. [PMID: 37807668 PMCID: PMC10872854 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.24802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
This 26-parameter flow cytometry panel has been developed and optimized to analyze NK cell phenotype, using cryopreserved peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from people living with and without human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH, PWOH). Our panel is designed for the analysis of several parameters of total NK cells and memory NK cell subsets including markers of maturation, activation, and proliferation, as well as activating and inhibitory receptors. Other tissues have not been tested (Table 1 ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Creegan
- The US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, MD, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, MD, USA
| | - Justin Degler
- The US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, MD, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, MD, USA
| | - Dominic Paquin-Proulx
- The US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, MD, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, MD, USA
| | - Michael A. Eller
- The US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, MD, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, MD, USA
- Present address: Vaccine Research Program, Division of AIDS (DAIDS), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), MD, USA
| | - Kawthar Machmach
- The US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, MD, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, MD, USA
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3
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Sim MJW, Brennan P, Wahl KL, Lu J, Rajagopalan S, Sun PD, Long EO. Innate receptors with high specificity for HLA class I-peptide complexes. Sci Immunol 2023; 8:eadh1781. [PMID: 37683038 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.adh1781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Genetic studies associate killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) and their HLA class I ligands with a variety of human diseases. The basis for these associations and the relative contribution of inhibitory and activating KIR to NK cell responses are unclear. Because KIR binding to HLA-I is peptide dependent, we performed systematic screens, which totaled more than 3500 specific interactions, to determine the specificity of five KIR for peptides presented by four HLA-C ligands. Inhibitory KIR2DL1 was largely peptide sequence agnostic and could bind ~60% of hundreds of HLA-peptide complexes tested. Inhibitory KIR2DL2, KIR2DL3, and activating KIR2DS1 and KIR2DS4 bound only 10% and down to 1% of HLA-peptide complexes tested, respectively. Activating KIR2DS1, previously described as weak, had high binding affinity for HLA-C, with high peptide sequence specificity. Our data revealed MHC-restricted peptide recognition by germline-encoded NK receptors and suggest that NK cell responses can be shaped by HLA-I-bound immunopeptidomes in the context of disease or infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malcolm J W Sim
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
| | - Paul Brennan
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
| | - Katherine L Wahl
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
| | - Jinghua Lu
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
| | - Sumati Rajagopalan
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
| | - Peter D Sun
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
| | - Eric O Long
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
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Du JJ, Su Z, Yu H, Qin S, Wang D. From design to clinic: Engineered peptide nanomaterials for cancer immunotherapy. Front Chem 2023; 10:1107600. [PMID: 36733612 PMCID: PMC9887119 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.1107600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy has revolutionized the field of cancer therapy. Nanomaterials can further improve the efficacy and safety of immunotherapy because of their tunability and multifunctionality. Owing to their natural biocompatibility, diverse designs, and dynamic self-assembly, peptide-based nanomaterials hold great potential as immunotherapeutic agents for many malignant cancers, with good immune response and safety. Over the past several decades, peptides have been developed as tumor antigens, effective antigen delivery carriers, and self-assembling adjuvants for cancer immunotherapy. In this review, we give a brief introduction to the use of peptide-based nanomaterials for cancer immunotherapy as antigens, carriers, and adjuvants, and to their current clinical applications. Overall, this review can facilitate further understanding of peptide-based nanomaterials for cancer immunotherapy and may pave the way for designing safe and efficient methods for future vaccines or immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Jing Du
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Pathogenesis and Intervention, College of Medicine, Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi, China
| | - Zhenhong Su
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Pathogenesis and Intervention, College of Medicine, Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi, China
| | - Haoyi Yu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Pathogenesis and Intervention, College of Medicine, Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi, China
| | - Sanhai Qin
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Pathogenesis and Intervention, College of Medicine, Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi, China
| | - Dongyuan Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China,Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Precision Medicine for Critical Illness, Wuhan, China,*Correspondence: Dongyuan Wang,
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5
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Jennifer Zhang Q. Donor selection based on NK alloreactivity for patients with hematological malignancies. Hum Immunol 2022; 83:695-703. [PMID: 35965181 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2022.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are an important defender against infections and tumors. Their function is regulated by the balance of inhibitory and activating receptors. Among all inhibitory NK receptors: killer immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) and CD94/NKG2A recognize human leukocyte antigen (HLA) Class I molecules, allowing NK cells to be 'licensed' to avoid autoreactivity, but be fully functional at the same time. Licensed NK cells can target malignant cells with altered or downregulated/missing 'self' antigens. NK cell attacking malignant cells is one of the mechanisms of graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) effect. Numerous studies have demonstrated that NK cells improve hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HCT) survival by reducing relapse mortality through GVL effect. Therapeutic strategies, such as adoptive alloreactive NK cell transfer, CAR-NK cells, antibodies against NKG2A and KIR2DL1-3, have been utilized to treat hematological malignancies in HCT. In this review, NK cell functions, NK cell receptors and ligands, as well as common alloreactive NK donor selection algorithms for patients with hematological malignancies in the setting of HCT are discussed. The goal of this review is to provide insights on the controversial results and provide better understanding and resources on how to perform alloreactive donor NK cell selection in HCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuheng Jennifer Zhang
- UCLA Immunogenetics Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles 90095, USA.
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6
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Fittje P, Hœlzemer A, Garcia-Beltran WF, Vollmers S, Niehrs A, Hagemann K, Martrus G, Körner C, Kirchhoff F, Sauter D, Altfeld M. HIV-1 Nef-mediated downregulation of CD155 results in viral restriction by KIR2DL5+ NK cells. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010572. [PMID: 35749424 PMCID: PMC9231786 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Antiviral NK cell activity is regulated through the interaction of activating and inhibitory NK cell receptors with their ligands on infected cells. HLA class I molecules serve as ligands for most killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs), but no HLA class I ligands for the inhibitory NK cell receptor KIR2DL5 have been identified to date. Using a NK cell receptor/ligand screening approach, we observed no strong binding of KIR2DL5 to HLA class I or class II molecules, but confirmed that KIR2DL5 binds to the poliovirus receptor (PVR, CD155). Functional studies using primary human NK cells revealed a significantly decreased degranulation of KIR2DL5+ NK cells in response to CD155-expressing target cells. We subsequently investigated the role of KIR2DL5/CD155 interactions in HIV-1 infection, and showed that multiple HIV-1 strains significantly decreased CD155 expression levels on HIV-1-infected primary human CD4+ T cells via a Nef-dependent mechanism. Co-culture of NK cells with HIV-1-infected CD4+ T cells revealed enhanced anti-viral activity of KIR2DL5+ NK cells against wild-type versus Nef-deficient viruses, indicating that HIV-1-mediated downregulation of CD155 renders infected cells more susceptible to recognition by KIR2DL5+ NK cells. These data show that CD155 suppresses the antiviral activity of KIR2DL5+ NK cells and is downmodulated by HIV-1 Nef protein as potential trade-off counteracting activating NK cell ligands, demonstrating the ability of NK cells to counteract immune escape mechanisms employed by HIV-1. HIV infection remains a global health emergency that has caused around 36 million deaths. NK cells play an important role in the control of HIV-1 infections, and are able to detect and destroy infected cells using a large array of activating and inhibitory receptors, including KIRs. Here we demonstrate that CD155 serves as a functional interaction partner for the inhibitory NK cell receptor KIR2DL5, and that KIR2DL5+ NK cells are inhibited by CD155-expressing target cells. CD155 surface expression on HIV-1-infected CD4+ T cells was downregulated by the HIV-1 Nef protein, resulting in increased anti-viral activity of KIR2DL5+ NK cells through the loss of inhibitory signals. Taken together, these studies demonstrate functional consequences of the novel interaction between KIR2DL5 and CD155 for the antiviral activity of KIR2DL5+ NK cells during HIV-1 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pia Fittje
- Leibniz Institute of Virology (LIV), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Angelique Hœlzemer
- Leibniz Institute of Virology (LIV), Hamburg, Germany
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Wilfredo F. Garcia-Beltran
- Leibniz Institute of Virology (LIV), Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | | | - Annika Niehrs
- Leibniz Institute of Virology (LIV), Hamburg, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Frank Kirchhoff
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Daniel Sauter
- Institute for Medical Virology and Epidemiology of Viral Diseases, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Marcus Altfeld
- Leibniz Institute of Virology (LIV), Hamburg, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Hamburg, Germany
- * E-mail:
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7
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Advances of research of Fc-fusion protein that activate NK cells for tumor immunotherapy. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 109:108783. [PMID: 35561479 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The rapid development of bioengineering technology has introduced Fc-fusion proteins, representing a novel kind of recombinant protein, as promising biopharmaceutical products in tumor therapy. Numerous related anti-tumor Fc-fusion proteins have been investigated and are in different stages of development. Fc-fusion proteins are constructed by fusing the Fc-region of the antibody with functional proteins or peptides. They retain the bioactivity of the latter and partial properties of the former. This structural and functional advantage makes Fc-fusion proteins an effective tool in tumor immunotherapy, especially for the recruitment and activation of natural killer (NK) cells, which play a critical role in tumor immunotherapy. Even though tumor cells have developed mechanisms to circumvent the cytotoxic effect of NK cells or induce defective NK cells, Fc-fusion proteins have been proven to effectively activate NK cells to kill tumor cells in different ways, such as antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC), activate NK cells in different ways in order to promote killing of tumor cells. In this review, we focus on NK cell-based immunity for cancers and current research progress of the Fc-fusion proteins for anti-tumor therapy by activating NK cells.
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8
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Ruppel KE, Fricke S, Köhl U, Schmiedel D. Taking Lessons from CAR-T Cells and Going Beyond: Tailoring Design and Signaling for CAR-NK Cells in Cancer Therapy. Front Immunol 2022; 13:822298. [PMID: 35371071 PMCID: PMC8971283 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.822298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapies utilize the capabilities of the immune system to efficiently target malignant cells. In recent years, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) equipped T cells showed promising results against B cell lymphomas. Autologous CAR-T cells require patient-specific manufacturing and thus extensive production facilities, resulting in high priced therapies. Along with potentially severe side effects, these are the major drawbacks of CAR-T cells therapies. Natural Killer (NK) cells pose an alternative for CAR equipped immune cells. Since NK cells can be safely transferred from healthy donors to cancer patients, they present a suitable platform for an allogeneic “off-the-shelf” immunotherapy. However, administration of activated NK cells in cancer therapy has until now shown poor anti-cancer responses, especially in solid tumors. Genetic modifications such as CARs promise to enhance recognition of tumor cells, thereby increasing anti-tumor effects and improving clinical efficacy. Although the cell biology of T and NK cells deviates in many aspects, the development of CAR-NK cells frequently follows within the footsteps of CAR-T cells, meaning that T cell technologies are simply adopted to NK cells. In this review, we underline the unique properties of NK cells and their potential in CAR therapies. First, we summarize the characteristics of NK cell biology with a focus on signaling, a fine-tuned interaction of activating and inhibitory receptors. We then discuss why tailored NK cell-specific CAR designs promise superior efficacy compared to designs developed for T cells. We summarize current findings and developments in the CAR-NK landscape: different CAR formats and modifications to optimize signaling, to target a broader pool of antigens or to increase in vivo persistence. Finally, we address challenges beyond NK cell engineering, including expansion and manufacturing, that need to be addressed to pave the way for CAR-NK therapies from the bench to the clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Eva Ruppel
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), Department for GMP Process Development & ATMP Design, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stephan Fricke
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), Department for GMP Process Development & ATMP Design, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ulrike Köhl
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), Leipzig, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Immunology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Cellular Therapeutics, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Dominik Schmiedel
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), Department for GMP Process Development & ATMP Design, Leipzig, Germany
- *Correspondence: Dominik Schmiedel,
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9
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Mkorombindo T, Tran-Nguyen TK, Yuan K, Zhang Y, Xue J, Criner GJ, Kim YI, Pilewski JM, Gaggar A, Cho MH, Sciurba FC, Duncan SR. HLA-C and KIR permutations influence chronic obstructive pulmonary disease risk. JCI Insight 2021; 6:e150187. [PMID: 34464355 PMCID: PMC8525585 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.150187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A role for hereditary influences in the susceptibility for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is widely recognized. Cytotoxic lymphocytes are implicated in COPD pathogenesis, and functions of these leukocytes are modulated by interactions between their killer cell Ig-like receptors (KIR) and human leukocyte antigen–Class I (HLA–Class I) molecules on target cells. We hypothesized HLA–Class I and KIR inheritance affect risks for COPD. HLA–Class I alleles and KIR genotypes were defined by candidate gene analyses in multiple cohorts of patients with COPD (total n = 392) and control smokers with normal spirometry (total n = 342). Compared with controls, patients with COPD had overrepresentations of HLA-C*07 and activating KIR2DS1, with underrepresentations of HLA-C*12. Particular HLA-KIR permutations were synergistic; e.g., the presence of HLA-C*07 + KIR2DS1 + HLA-C12null versus HLAC*07null + KIR2DS1null + HLA-C12 was associated with COPD, especially among HLA-C1 allotype homozygotes. Cytotoxicity of COPD lymphocytes was more enhanced by KIR stimulation than those of controls and was correlated with lung function. These data show HLA-C and KIR polymorphisms strongly influence COPD susceptibility and highlight the importance of lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxicity in COPD pathogenesis. Findings here also indicate that HLA-KIR typing could stratify at-risk patients and raise possibilities that HLA-KIR axis modulation may have therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takudzwa Mkorombindo
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy & Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Thi K Tran-Nguyen
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy & Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Kaiyu Yuan
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy & Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Yingze Zhang
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jianmin Xue
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Gerard J Criner
- Department of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Young-Il Kim
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy & Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.,Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Joseph M Pilewski
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Amit Gaggar
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy & Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Michael H Cho
- Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Frank C Sciurba
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Steven R Duncan
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy & Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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11
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Park S, Kim HJ, Hwang HS, Han AR. Peptides Targeting Fms-Related Tyrosine Kinase-4 Activate the Function of Natural Killer Cells in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Int J Stem Cells 2021; 14:400-409. [PMID: 34158419 PMCID: PMC8611315 DOI: 10.15283/ijsc21083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives The increased expression for the Fms-related tyrosine kinase-4 (FLT-4, known as VEGFR-3) is relevant to dysfunctional natural killer (NK) cells in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). MAZ51 (M), a VEGFR-3 inhibiting chemical, was effectively restored the function of NK cells via the high expression of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) in NK cells, as shown in our previous study. Although tremendous amount of clinical data using peptides are currently available in real clinic, peptides targeting FLT-4 in modulating immune cells such as NK cells are not fully elucidated. Methods and Results In present study, we developed peptides targeting FLT-4 (P), which is inhibiting an affinity for AML-NK expressing FLT-4 in vitro and in vivo. Bone marrow (BM) and peripheral blood (PB) mononuclear cells (MNCs) from AML patients were treated with combinational cocktails of the three agents including P, M, ara-C (A) and FLT-4 expression and IFN-γ release were examined. In an AML mouse model, IFN-γ expression were examined in T and NK cells from mouse BM, spleen, and liver to address relevance between peptides and immune cell activation. We found that AML-NK cells both in human and mouse samples showed a gradual increase the IFN-γ levels compared to the controls. There was a trend toward a reduction in leukemic blasts in the BM, spleen, and liver from the AML mice, when we compared the effects of combinational treatments. Conclusions Our results suggest that the function of AML-NK cells was synergistically activated by P in combination with M or A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soojin Park
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,Leukemia Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee-Je Kim
- Leukemia Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,Catholic Hematology Hospital, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee-Sun Hwang
- Leukemia Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - A-Reum Han
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea
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12
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Khan GA, Demirtaş Ö, Demir AK, Aytekin Ö, Bek A, Bhatti AS, Ahmed W. Fabrication of flexible, cost-effective, and scalable silver substrates for efficient surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy based trace detection. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.126542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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13
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Rettman P, Blunt MD, Fulton RJ, Vallejo AF, Bastidas-Legarda LY, España-Serrano L, Polak ME, Al-Shamkhani A, Retiere C, Khakoo SI. Peptide: MHC-based DNA vaccination strategy to activate natural killer cells by targeting killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 9:e001912. [PMID: 34016721 PMCID: PMC8141441 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2020-001912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Natural killer (NK) cells are increasingly being recognized as agents for cancer immunotherapy. The killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) are expressed by NK cells and are immunogenetic determinants of the outcome of cancer. In particular, KIR2DS2 is associated with protective responses to several cancers and also direct recognition of cancer targets in vitro. Due to the high homology between activating and inhibitory KIR genes to date, it has been challenging to target individual KIR for therapeutic benefit. METHODS A novel KIR2DS2-targeting therapeutic peptide:MHC DNA vaccine was designed and used to immunize mice transgenic for KIR genes (KIR-Tg). NK cells were isolated from the livers and spleens of vaccinated mice and then analyzed for activation by flow cytometry, RNA profiling and cytotoxicity assays. In vivo assays of NK cell function using a syngeneic cancer model (B16 melanoma) and an adoptive transfer model for human hepatocellular carcinoma (Huh7) were performed. RESULTS Injecting KIR-Tg mice with the vaccine construct activated NK cells in both liver and spleens of mice, with preferential activation of KIR2DS2-positive NK cells. KIR-specific activation was most marked on the CD11b+CD27+ mature subset of NK cells. RNA profiling indicated that the DNA vaccine upregulated genes associated with cellular metabolism and downregulated genes related to histone H3 methylation, which are associated with immune cell maturation and NK cell function. Vaccination led to canonical and cross-reactive peptide:MHC-specific NK cell responses. In vivo, DNA vaccination led to enhanced antitumor responses against B16F10 melanoma cells and also enhanced responses against a tumor model expressing the KIR2DS2 ligand HLA-C*0102. CONCLUSION We show the feasibility of a peptide-based KIR-targeting vaccine strategy to activate NK cells and hence generate functional antitumor responses. This approach does not require detailed knowledge of the tumor peptidomes nor HLA matching with the patient. It therefore offers a novel opportunity for targeting NK cells for cancer immunotherapy.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cancer Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Cancer Vaccines/genetics
- Cancer Vaccines/immunology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic/drug effects
- HLA-C Antigens/administration & dosage
- HLA-C Antigens/genetics
- HLA-C Antigens/immunology
- Haplotypes
- Humans
- Killer Cells, Natural/drug effects
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Killer Cells, Natural/metabolism
- Lectins, C-Type/genetics
- Lectins, C-Type/immunology
- Lectins, C-Type/metabolism
- Liver Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Liver Neoplasms/genetics
- Liver Neoplasms/immunology
- Liver Neoplasms/metabolism
- Lymphocyte Activation/drug effects
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/drug effects
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/immunology
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/metabolism
- Melanoma, Experimental/drug therapy
- Melanoma, Experimental/genetics
- Melanoma, Experimental/immunology
- Melanoma, Experimental/metabolism
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Transgenic
- Peptides/administration & dosage
- Peptides/genetics
- Peptides/immunology
- Receptors, Immunologic/genetics
- Receptors, Immunologic/immunology
- Receptors, Immunologic/metabolism
- Receptors, KIR/genetics
- Receptors, KIR/immunology
- Receptors, KIR/metabolism
- Skin Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Skin Neoplasms/genetics
- Skin Neoplasms/immunology
- Skin Neoplasms/metabolism
- Vaccination
- Vaccines, DNA/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, DNA/genetics
- Vaccines, DNA/immunology
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Rettman
- School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Matthew D Blunt
- School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Rebecca J Fulton
- School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Andres F Vallejo
- School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Leidy Y Bastidas-Legarda
- School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Laura España-Serrano
- School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Marta E Polak
- School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Aymen Al-Shamkhani
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Centre for Cancer Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | | | - Salim I Khakoo
- School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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14
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HIV-1 induced changes in HLA-C*03 : 04-presented peptide repertoires lead to reduced engagement of inhibitory natural killer cell receptors. AIDS 2020; 34:1713-1723. [PMID: 32501836 PMCID: PMC8635260 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000002596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Viral infections influence intracellular peptide repertoires available for presentation by HLA-I. Alterations in HLA-I/peptide complexes can modulate binding of killer immunoglobuline-like receptors (KIRs) and thereby the function of natural killer (NK) cells. Although multiple studies have provided evidence that HLA-I/KIR interactions play a role in HIV-1 disease progression, the consequence of HIV-1 infection for HLA-I/KIR interactions remain largely unknown. DESIGN We determined changes in HLA-I presented peptides resulting from HIV-1-infection of primary human CD4 T cells and assessed the impact of changes in peptide repertoires on HLA-I/KIR interactions. METHODS Liquid chromatography-coupled tandem mass spectrometry to identify HLA-I presented peptides, cell-based in-vitro assays to evaluate functional consequences of alterations in immunopeptidome and atomistic molecular dynamics simulations to confirm experimental data. RESULTS A total of 583 peptides exclusively presented on HIV-1-infected cells were identified, of which only 0.2% represented HIV-1 derived peptides. Focusing on HLA-C*03 : 04/KIR2DL3 interactions, we observed that HLA-C*03 : 04-presented peptides derived from noninfected CD4 T cells mediated stronger binding of inhibitory KIR2DL3 than peptides derived from HIV-1-infected cells. Furthermore, the most abundant peptide presented by HLA-C*03 : 04 on noninfected CD4 T cells (VIYPARISL) mediated the strongest KIR2DL3-binding, while the most abundant peptide presented on HIV-1-infected cells (YAIQATETL) did not mediate KIR2DL3-binding. Molecular dynamics simulations of HLA-C*03 : 04/KIR2DL3 interactions in the context of these two peptides revealed that VIYPARISL significantly enhanced the HLA-C*03 : 04/peptide contact area to KIR2DL3 compared with YAIQATETL. CONCLUSION These data demonstrate that HIV-1 infection-induced changes in HLA-I-presented peptides can reduce engagement of inhibitory KIRs, providing a mechanism for enhanced activation of NK cells by virus-infected cells.
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15
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Hanson AL, Vukcevic D, Leslie S, Harris J, Lê Cao KA, Kenna TJ, Brown MA. Epistatic interactions between killer immunoglobulin-like receptors and human leukocyte antigen ligands are associated with ankylosing spondylitis. PLoS Genet 2020; 16:e1008906. [PMID: 32804949 PMCID: PMC7451988 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The killer immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs), found predominantly on the surface of natural killer (NK) cells and some T-cells, are a collection of highly polymorphic activating and inhibitory receptors with variable specificity for class I human leukocyte antigen (HLA) ligands. Fifteen KIR genes are inherited in haplotypes of diverse gene content across the human population, and the repertoire of independently inherited KIR and HLA alleles is known to alter risk for immune-mediated and infectious disease by shifting the threshold of lymphocyte activation. We have conducted the largest disease-association study of KIR-HLA epistasis to date, enabled by the imputation of KIR gene and HLA allele dosages from genotype data for 12,214 healthy controls and 8,107 individuals with the HLA-B*27-associated immune-mediated arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis (AS). We identified epistatic interactions between KIR genes and their ligands (at both HLA subtype and allele resolution) that increase risk of disease, replicating analyses in a semi-independent cohort of 3,497 cases and 14,844 controls. We further confirmed that the strong AS-association with a pathogenic variant in the endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase gene ERAP1, known to alter the HLA-B*27 presented peptidome, is not modified by carriage of the canonical HLA-B receptor KIR3DL1/S1. Overall, our data suggests that AS risk is modified by the complement of KIRs and HLA ligands inherited, beyond the influence of HLA-B*27 alone, which collectively alter the proinflammatory capacity of KIR-expressing lymphocytes to contribute to disease immunopathogenesis. Cells of the immune system utilise various cell-surface receptors to differentiate between healthy and infected or malignant cells, enabling targeted inflammatory responses while minimising damage to self-tissue. In instances where the immune system fails to correctly differentiate healthy from diseased tissue, or inflammatory activity is poorly regulated, autoimmune or autoinflammatory conditions can develop. Here we have investigated a possible role for a class of immune-cell activating and inhibitory receptors in the pathogenesis of ankylosing spondylitis (AS), a common but poorly understood inflammatory arthritis in which the immune system causes severe damage to the joints of the pelvis and spine. Using genetic information from 12,214 healthy controls and 8,107 individuals with AS we were able to identify combinations of independently inherited immune cell receptors and their ligands that increase or decrease an individual’s risk of disease. This research provides new insight into the nature of co-inherited genetic factors that may collectively alter the proinflammatory capacity of immune cells, contributing to the immunopathogenesis of immune-mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimee L. Hanson
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Damjan Vukcevic
- Melbourne Integrative Genomics, School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Data Science, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stephen Leslie
- Melbourne Integrative Genomics, School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Data Science, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- School of Biosciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria Australia
| | - Jessica Harris
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Translational Research Institute, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kim-Anh Lê Cao
- Melbourne Integrative Genomics, School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tony J. Kenna
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Translational Research Institute, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Matthew A. Brown
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Translational Research Institute, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- * E-mail:
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16
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Niehrs A, Altfeld M. Regulation of NK-Cell Function by HLA Class II. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:55. [PMID: 32133304 PMCID: PMC7040486 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural Killer (NK) cells were initially described as part of the innate immune system and characterized by their ability to lyse malignant and virus-infected cells. The cytolytic function of NK cells is tightly controlled by activating and inhibitory receptors expressed on the cell surface. Ligands that interact with a variety of NK-cell receptors include the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) molecules, and the regulation of NK-cell function by HLA class I molecules is well-established. Earlier studies also suggested a role of HLA class II molecules in regulating NK cell activity; yet, interactions between HLA class II molecules and NK cell receptors have not been well-characterized. We recently identified a subset of HLA-DP molecules that can serve as ligands for the natural cytotoxicity receptor NKp44 and activate NK cells. This novel receptor-ligand interaction provides a potential mechanism to explain the strong associations of HLA-DP molecules with HBV infection outcomes, graft-vs.-host disease and inflammatory bowel disease. Furthermore, it adds a new mechanism for NK-cell crosstalk with immune cells expressing HLA class II molecules. In this perspective article, we discuss the potential implications of NK cell receptor interactions with HLA class II molecules for the regulation of immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Niehrs
- Research Department Virus Immunology, Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marcus Altfeld
- Research Department Virus Immunology, Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany.,Institute for Immunology, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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17
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Blunt MD, Khakoo SI. Activating killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors: Detection, function and therapeutic use. Int J Immunogenet 2020; 47:1-12. [PMID: 31755661 DOI: 10.1111/iji.12461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) have a central role in the control of natural killer (NK) cell function. The functions of the activating KIRs, as compared to those of the inhibitory KIR, have been more difficult to define due to difficulties in antibody-mediated identification and their apparent low affinities for HLA class I. Immunogenetic studies have shown associations of activating KIRs with the outcome of autoimmune diseases, pregnancy-associated disorders, infectious diseases and cancers. Activating KIR are thus thought to have important roles in the control of natural killer cell functions and their role in disease. In this review, we discuss current knowledge on activating KIR, their ligands and, their roles in the pathogenesis and potential therapy of human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D Blunt
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Southampton General Hospital, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Salim I Khakoo
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Southampton General Hospital, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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18
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Yahara H, Horita S, Yanamoto S, Kitagawa Y, Asaka T, Yoda T, Morita K, Michi Y, Takechi M, Shimasue H, Maruoka Y, Kondo E, Kusukawa J, Tsujiguchi H, Sato T, Kannon T, Nakamura H, Tajima A, Hosomichi K, Yahara K. A Targeted Genetic Association Study of the Rare Type of Osteomyelitis. J Dent Res 2020; 99:271-276. [PMID: 31977282 DOI: 10.1177/0022034520901519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic nonbacterial osteomyelitis is a rare bone disorder that can be found in the jaw. It is often associated with systemic conditions, including autoimmune deficiencies. However, little is known about how the genetic and immunologic background of patients influences the disease. Here, we focus on human leukocyte antigen (HLA), killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs), and their specific combinations that have been difficult to analyze owing to their high diversity. We employed a recently developed technology of simultaneous typing of HLA alleles and KIR haplotype and investigated alleles of the 35 HLA loci and KIR haplotypes composed of centromeric and telomeric motifs in 18 cases and 18 controls for discovery and 472 independent controls for validation. We identified an amino acid substitution of threonine at position 94 of HLA-C in combination with the telomeric KIR genotype of haplotype tA01/tB01 that had significantly higher frequency (>20%) in the case population than in both control populations. Multiple logistic regression analysis based on a dominant model with adjustments for age and sex revealed and validated its statistical significance and high predictive accuracy (C-statistic ≥0.85). Structure-based analysis revealed that the combination of the amino acid change in HLA-C and the telomeric genotype tA01/tB01 could be associated with lower stability of HLA-C. This is the first case-control study of a rare disease that employed the latest sequencing technology enabling simultaneous typing and investigated amino acid polymorphisms at HLA loci in combination with KIR haplotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Yahara
- Department of Molecular Immunology and Inflammation, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - S Horita
- Department of Bioregulation and Pharmacological Medicine, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - S Yanamoto
- Department of Clinical Oral Oncology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Y Kitagawa
- Department of Oral Diagnosis and Medicine, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - T Asaka
- Department of Oral Diagnosis and Medicine, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - T Yoda
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - K Morita
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.,Bioresource Research Center, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Y Michi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - M Takechi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - H Shimasue
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Y Maruoka
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Center Hospital of the National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - E Kondo
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, School of Medicine, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - J Kusukawa
- Dental and Oral Medical Center, School of Medicine, Kurume University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - H Tsujiguchi
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - T Sato
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, Graduate School of Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - T Kannon
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, Graduate School of Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - H Nakamura
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - A Tajima
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, Graduate School of Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - K Hosomichi
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, Graduate School of Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - K Yahara
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
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19
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Papúchová H, Meissner TB, Li Q, Strominger JL, Tilburgs T. The Dual Role of HLA-C in Tolerance and Immunity at the Maternal-Fetal Interface. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2730. [PMID: 31921098 PMCID: PMC6913657 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
To establish a healthy pregnancy, maternal immune cells must tolerate fetal allo-antigens and remain competent to respond to infections both systemically and in placental tissues. Extravillous trophoblasts (EVT) are the most invasive cells of extra-embryonic origin to invade uterine tissues and express polymorphic Human Leucocyte Antigen-C (HLA-C) of both maternal and paternal origin. Thus, HLA-C is a key molecule that can elicit allogeneic immune responses by maternal T and NK cells and for which maternal-fetal immune tolerance needs to be established. HLA-C is also the only classical MHC molecule expressed by EVT that can present a wide variety of peptides to maternal memory T cells and establish protective immunity. The expression of paternal HLA-C by EVT provides a target for maternal NK and T cells, whereas HLA-C expression levels may influence how this response is shaped. This dual function of HLA-C requires tight transcriptional regulation of its expression to balance induction of tolerance and immunity. Here, we critically review new insights into: (i) the mechanisms controlling expression of HLA-C by EVT, (ii) the mechanisms by which decidual NK cells, effector T cells and regulatory T cells recognize HLA-C allo-antigens, and (iii) immune recognition of pathogen derived antigens in context of HLA-C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrieta Papúchová
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Torsten B Meissner
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States.,Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Qin Li
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Jack L Strominger
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Tamara Tilburgs
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States.,Division of Immunobiology, Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
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20
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van Stigt Thans T, Akko JI, Niehrs A, Garcia-Beltran WF, Richert L, Stürzel CM, Ford CT, Li H, Ochsenbauer C, Kappes JC, Hahn BH, Kirchhoff F, Martrus G, Sauter D, Altfeld M, Hölzemer A. Primary HIV-1 Strains Use Nef To Downmodulate HLA-E Surface Expression. J Virol 2019; 93:e00719-19. [PMID: 31375574 PMCID: PMC6798123 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00719-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) has evolved elaborate ways to evade immune cell recognition, including downregulation of classical HLA class I (HLA-I) from the surfaces of infected cells. Recent evidence identified HLA-E, a nonclassical HLA-I, as an important part of the antiviral immune response to HIV-1. Changes in HLA-E surface levels and peptide presentation can prompt both CD8+ T-cell and natural killer (NK) cell responses to viral infections. Previous studies reported unchanged or increased HLA-E levels on HIV-1-infected cells. Here, we examined HLA-E surface levels following infection of CD4+ T cells with primary HIV-1 strains and observed that a subset downregulated HLA-E. Two primary strains of HIV-1 that induced the strongest reduction in surface HLA-E expression were chosen for further testing. Expression of single Nef or Vpu proteins in a T-cell line, as well as tail swap experiments exchanging the cytoplasmic tail of HLA-A2 with that of HLA-E, demonstrated that Nef modulated HLA-E surface levels and targeted the cytoplasmic tail of HLA-E. Furthermore, infection of primary CD4+ T cells with HIV-1 mutants showed that a lack of functional Nef (and Vpu to some extent) impaired HLA-E downmodulation. Taken together, the results of this study demonstrate for the first time that HIV-1 can downregulate HLA-E surface levels on infected primary CD4+ T cells, potentially rendering them less vulnerable to CD8+ T-cell recognition but at increased risk of NKG2A+ NK cell killing.IMPORTANCE For almost two decades, it was thought that HIV-1 selectively downregulated the highly expressed HLA-I molecules HLA-A and HLA-B from the cell surface in order to evade cytotoxic-T-cell recognition, while leaving HLA-C and HLA-E molecules unaltered. It was stipulated that HIV-1 infection thereby maintained inhibition of NK cells via inhibitory receptors that bind HLA-C and HLA-E. This concept was recently revised when a study showed that primary HIV-1 strains reduce HLA-C surface levels, whereas the cell line-adapted HIV-1 strain NL4-3 lacks this ability. Here, we demonstrate that infection with distinct primary HIV-1 strains results in significant downregulation of surface HLA-E levels. Given the increasing evidence for HLA-E as an important modulator of CD8+ T-cell and NKG2A+ NK cell functions, this finding has substantial implications for future immunomodulatory approaches aimed at harnessing cytotoxic cellular immunity against HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Janet I Akko
- Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Germany
| | - Annika Niehrs
- Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Germany
| | | | - Laura Richert
- Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany
- Université Bordeaux, Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR 1219, Inria SISTM, Bordeaux, France
| | - Christina M Stürzel
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Christopher T Ford
- Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Christina Ochsenbauer
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, and CFAR, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - John C Kappes
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, and CFAR, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Beatrice H Hahn
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Frank Kirchhoff
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Glòria Martrus
- Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Sauter
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Marcus Altfeld
- Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Germany
- Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Angelique Hölzemer
- Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Germany
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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21
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Zhang L, Huang Y, Lindstrom AR, Lin TY, Lam KS, Li Y. Peptide-based materials for cancer immunotherapy. Theranostics 2019; 9:7807-7825. [PMID: 31695802 PMCID: PMC6831480 DOI: 10.7150/thno.37194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptide-based materials hold great promise as immunotherapeutic agents for the treatment of many malignant cancers. Extensive studies have focused on the development of peptide-based cancer vaccines and delivery systems by mimicking the functional domains of proteins with highly specific immuno-regulatory functions or tumor cells fate controls. However, a systemic understanding of the interactions between the different peptides and immune systems remains unknown. This review describes the role of peptides in regulating the functions of the innate and adaptive immune systems and provides a comprehensive focus on the design, categories, and applications of peptide-based cancer vaccines. By elucidating the impacts of peptide length and formulations on their immunogenicity, peptide-based immunomodulating agents can be better utilized and dramatic breakthroughs may also be realized. Moreover, some critical challenges for translating peptides into large-scale synthesis, safe delivery, and efficient cancer immunotherapy are posed to improve the next-generation peptide-based immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Yuanpei Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, UC Davis NCI-designated Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California 95817, United States
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22
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Niehrs A, Garcia-Beltran WF, Norman PJ, Watson GM, Hölzemer A, Chapel A, Richert L, Pommerening-Röser A, Körner C, Ozawa M, Martrus G, Rossjohn J, Lee JH, Berry R, Carrington M, Altfeld M. A subset of HLA-DP molecules serve as ligands for the natural cytotoxicity receptor NKp44. Nat Immunol 2019; 20:1129-1137. [PMID: 31358998 PMCID: PMC8370669 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-019-0448-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells can recognize virus-infected and stressed cells1 using activating and inhibitory receptors, many of which interact with HLA class I. Although early studies also suggested a functional impact of HLA class II on NK cell activity2,3, the NK cell receptors that specifically recognize HLA class II molecules have never been identified. We investigated whether two major families of NK cell receptors, killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) and natural cytotoxicity receptors (NCRs), contained receptors that bound to HLA class II, and identified a direct interaction between the NK cell receptor NKp44 and a subset of HLA-DP molecules, including HLA-DP401, one of the most frequent class II allotypes in white populations4. Using NKp44ζ+ reporter cells and primary human NKp44+ NK cells, we demonstrated that interactions between NKp44 and HLA-DP401 trigger functional NK cell responses. This interaction between a subset of HLA-DP molecules and NKp44 implicates HLA class II as a component of the innate immune response, much like HLA class I. It also provides a potential mechanism for the described associations between HLA-DP subtypes and several disease outcomes, including hepatitis B virus infection5-7, graft-versus-host disease8 and inflammatory bowel disease9,10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Niehrs
- Research Department Virus Immunology, Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Wilfredo F Garcia-Beltran
- Research Department Virus Immunology, Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Paul J Norman
- Division of Biomedical Informatics and Personalized Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Gabrielle M Watson
- Infection and Immunity Program and The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Angelique Hölzemer
- Research Department Virus Immunology, Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Hamburg, Germany
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anaïs Chapel
- Research Department Virus Immunology, Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany
- Unité HIV Inflammation et Persistance, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Laura Richert
- Research Department Virus Immunology, Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany
- Inserm Inria SISTM Bordeaux Population Health Research Center UMR 1219, Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Christian Körner
- Research Department Virus Immunology, Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Glòria Martrus
- Research Department Virus Immunology, Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jamie Rossjohn
- Infection and Immunity Program and The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
| | | | - Richard Berry
- Infection and Immunity Program and The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mary Carrington
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Basic Science Program, HLA Immunogenetics Section, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Marcus Altfeld
- Research Department Virus Immunology, Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany.
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Hamburg, Germany.
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23
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Samarani S, Mack DR, Bernstein CN, Iannello A, Debbeche O, Jantchou P, Faure C, Deslandres C, Amre DK, Ahmad A. Activating Killer-cell Immunoglobulin-like Receptor genes confer risk for Crohn's disease in children and adults of the Western European descent: Findings based on case-control studies. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0217767. [PMID: 31194766 PMCID: PMC6563976 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0217767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Killer-cell Immunoglobulin-like Receptor (KIR) genes encode receptors, which are mainly expressed on, and control functional activities of, Natural Killer (NK) cells. There exist six distinct activating KIR genes in humans, who differ from one another with respect to the repertoire of these genes. Because activated NK cells can potentially cause tissue destruction, we hypothesized that variation in the inherited activating KIR genes in humans is associated with their innate susceptibility/resistance to developing Crohn disease (CD). Methods We performed case control studies on three independent Canadian CD patient cohorts (all of the Western European descent): two comprising children (Montreal having 193 cases and 245 controls, and Ottawa having 93 cases and 120 controls) and the third one comprising predominantly adults (Winnipeg having 164 cases and 200 controls). We genotyped cases and controls for activating KIR genes by PCR with gene-specific primers and investigated associations between the genes and cases using unconditional logistic regression. Results We observed strong associations between all the six KIR genes and CD in Ottawa children, with the strongest risk observed for the KIR2DS1 (p = 1.7 x10-10). Associations between all but the KIR2DS2 were replicated in the Montreal cohort with the strongest association evident for the KIR2DS5 (8.0 x 10−10). Similarly associations between five genes were observed in the adult Winnipeg cohort. In this cohort, strongest associations were evident with the KIR2DS5 (8.75 x 10−8). An overall analysis for all cohorts showed strong associations with four of the genes, with the strongest association evident for the KIR2DS5 (p = 1.35 x 10−17). In the combined analysis for four KIR genes, individuals carrying one or more of the KIR genes were at significantly higher risks for acquiring CD (p = 3.5 x 10−34). Conclusions Activating KIR genes are associated with risk for developing CD in both children and adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Samarani
- Laboratory of Innate Immunity, CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center/Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases & Immunology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - David R. Mack
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Charles N. Bernstein
- IBD Clinical & Research Center, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Alexandre Iannello
- Laboratory of Innate Immunity, CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center/Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases & Immunology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Olfa Debbeche
- Laboratory of Innate Immunity, CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center/Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases & Immunology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Prevost Jantchou
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center/Department of Pediatrics, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Christophe Faure
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center/Department of Pediatrics, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Colette Deslandres
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center/Department of Pediatrics, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Devendra K. Amre
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center/Department of Pediatrics, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- * E-mail: (AA); (DKA)
| | - Ali Ahmad
- Laboratory of Innate Immunity, CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center/Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases & Immunology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- * E-mail: (AA); (DKA)
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24
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Le Luduec JB, Boudreau JE, Freiberg JC, Hsu KC. Novel Approach to Cell Surface Discrimination Between KIR2DL1 Subtypes and KIR2DS1 Identifies Hierarchies in NK Repertoire, Education, and Tolerance. Front Immunol 2019; 10:734. [PMID: 31024561 PMCID: PMC6460669 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cumulative activating and inhibitory receptor signaling controls the functional output of individual natural killer (NK) cells. Investigation of how competing signals impact response, however, has been hampered by the lack of available antibodies capable of distinguishing inhibitory and activating receptors with highly homologous ectodomains. Utilizing a novel combination of monoclonal antibodies with specificity for discrete inhibitory KIR2DL1 and activating KIR2DS1 allotypes found among 230 healthy donors, we investigated allele-specific receptor expression and function driven by KIR2DL1 and KIR2DS1 alleles. We found that co-expression of the HLA-C2 ligand diminishes KIR2DL1, but not KIR2DS1, cell surface staining, but does not impact the respective frequencies of KIR2DL1- and KIR2DS1-expressing cells within the NK repertoire. We can distinguish by flow cytometry NK cell populations expressing the most common KIR2DL1-C245 allotypes from those expressing the most common KIR2DL1-R245 allotypes, and we show that the informative differential binding anti-KIR2DL1/S1 clone 1127B is determined by amino acid residue T154. Although both KIR2DL1-C245 and KIR2DL1-R245 subtypes can be co-expressed in the same cell, NK cells preferentially express one or the other. Cells expressing KIR2DL1-C245 exhibited a lower KIR2DL1 cell surface density and lower missing-self reactivity in comparison to cells expressing KIR2DL1-R245. We found no difference, however, in sensitivity to inhibition or cell surface stability between the two KIR2DL1 isoforms, and both demonstrated similar expansion among NKG2C+ KIR2DL1+ NK cells in HCMV-seropositive healthy individuals. In addition to cell surface density of KIR2DL1, copy number of cognate HLA-C2 hierarchically impacted the effector capacity of both KIR2DL1+ cells and the tolerization of KIR2DS1+ NK cells. HLA-C2 tolerization of KIR2DS1+ NK cells could be overridden, however, by education via co-expressed self-specific inhibitory receptors, such as the heterodimer CD94/NKG2A. Our results demonstrate that effector function of NK cells expressing KIR2DL1 or KIR2DS1 is highly influenced by genetic variability and is calibrated by co-expression of additional NK receptors and cognate HLA-C2 ligands. These findings define the molecular conditions under which NK cells are activated or inhibited, potentially informing selection of donors for adoptive NK therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Benoît Le Luduec
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY, United States
| | - Jeanette E. Boudreau
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY, United States
| | - Julian C. Freiberg
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY, United States
| | - Katharine C. Hsu
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States
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25
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Wauquier N, Petitdemange C, Tarantino N, Maucourant C, Coomber M, Lungay V, Bangura J, Debré P, Vieillard V. HLA-C-restricted viral epitopes are associated with an escape mechanism from KIR2DL2 + NK cells in Lassa virus infection. EBioMedicine 2019; 40:605-613. [PMID: 30711514 PMCID: PMC6413685 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.01.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lassa virus (LASV) is the etiologic agent of an acute hemorrhagic fever endemic in West Africa. Natural killer (NK) cells control viral infections in part through the interaction between killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) and their ligands. LASV infection is associated with defective immune responses, including inhibition of NK cell activity in the presence of MHC-class 1+-infected target cells. Methods We compared individual KIR and HLA-class 1 genotypes of 68 healthy volunteers to 51 patients infected with LASV in Sierra Leone, including 37 survivors and 14 fatalities. Next, potential HLA-C1, HLA-C2, and HLA-Bw4 binding epitopes were in silico screened among LASV nucleoprotein (NP) and envelope glycoprotein (GP). Selected 10-mer peptides were then tested in peptide-HLA stabilization, KIR binding and polyfunction assays. Findings LASV-infected patients were similar to healthy controls, except for the inhibitory KIR2DL2 gene. We found a specific increase in the HLA-C1:KIR2DL2 interaction in fatalities (10/11) as compared to survivors (12/19) and controls (19/29). We also identified that strong of NP and GP viral epitopes was only observed with HLA-C molecules, and associated with strong inhibition of degranulation in the presence of KIR2DL+ NK cells. This inhibitory effect significantly increased in the presence of the vGP420 variant, detected in 28.1% of LASV sequences. Interpretation Our finding suggests that presentation of specific LASV epitopes by HLA-C alleles to the inhibitory KIR2DL2 receptor on NK cells could potentially prevent the killing of infected cells and provides insights into the mechanisms by which LASV can escape NK-cell-mediated immune pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Wauquier
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, CNRS, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), Paris, France; Metabiota, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Caroline Petitdemange
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, CNRS, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), Paris, France
| | - Nadine Tarantino
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, CNRS, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), Paris, France
| | - Christopher Maucourant
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, CNRS, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), Paris, France
| | | | | | | | - Patrice Debré
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, CNRS, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), Paris, France
| | - Vincent Vieillard
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, CNRS, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), Paris, France.
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26
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Bastidas-Legarda LY, Khakoo SI. Conserved and variable natural killer cell receptors: diverse approaches to viral infections. Immunology 2019; 156:319-328. [PMID: 30570753 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are lymphocytes of the innate immune system with essential roles during viral infections. NK cell functions are mediated through a repertoire of non-rearranging inhibitory and activating receptors that interact with major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-peptide complexes on the surface of infected cells. Recent work studying the conserved CD94-NKG2A and variable killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor-MHC systems suggest that these two receptor families may have subtly different properties in terms of interactions with MHC class I bound peptides, and in recognition of down-regulation of MHC class I. In this review, we discuss how these properties generate diversity in the NK cell response to viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leidy Y Bastidas-Legarda
- Faculty of Medicine, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Southampton General Hospital, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Salim I Khakoo
- Faculty of Medicine, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Southampton General Hospital, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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27
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Johnsen GM, Størvold GL, Drabbels JJM, Haasnoot GW, Eikmans M, Spruyt-Gerritse MJ, Alnæs-Katjavivi P, Scherjon SA, Redman CWG, Claas FHJ, Staff AC. The combination of maternal KIR-B and fetal HLA-C2 is associated with decidua basalis acute atherosis in pregnancies with preeclampsia. J Reprod Immunol 2018; 129:23-29. [PMID: 30055414 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2018.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Acute atherosis is an arterial lesion most often occurring in pregnancies complicated by preeclampsia, a hypertensive pregnancy disorder. Acute atherosis predominates in the maternal spiral arteries in the decidua basalis layer of the pregnant uterus. This layer forms the fetal-maternal immunological interface, where fetal extravillous trophoblasts interact with maternal immune cells to promote decidual spiral artery remodeling and maternal immune tolerance towards the fetus. Of the classical polymorphic class I HLAs, extravillous trophoblasts express only HLA-C. HLA-C is a ligand for killer immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) on NK- and T-cells. Genetic combinations of fetal HLA-C and maternal KIRs affect pregnancy outcome. However, the role of HLA and KIR genes in acute atherosis is unknown. We hypothesized that specific genetic combinations of fetal HLA and maternal KIR are associated with the presence of acute atherosis lesions in the decidua basalis. We genotyped HLA class-I and II loci in paired fetal and maternal DNA samples from 166 pregnancies (83 preeclamptics, 83 controls). Acute atherosis was identified in 38 of these. Maternal KIR-loci were also genotyped. We found that the combination of maternal KIR-B haplotype and fetal HLA-C2 was significantly associated with acute atherosis in preeclampsia. In preeclamptic pregnancies with acute atherosis, 60% had this combination, compared to 24.5% in those without acute atherosis (p = 0.001). We suggest that interactions between fetal HLA-C2 and activating KIRs on maternal decidual NK-cells or T-cells may contribute to the formation of acute atherosis by promoting local decidual vascular inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guro M Johnsen
- Institute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway; Division of Obstetrics and Gyneacology, Oslo University Hospital, Norway; Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital, Norway.
| | - Gro L Størvold
- Institute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway; Division of Obstetrics and Gyneacology, Oslo University Hospital, Norway; Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital, Norway
| | - Jos J M Drabbels
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Netherlands
| | - Geert W Haasnoot
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Netherlands
| | - Michael Eikmans
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Netherlands
| | | | - Patji Alnæs-Katjavivi
- Institute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway; Division of Obstetrics and Gyneacology, Oslo University Hospital, Norway
| | - Sicco A Scherjon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Groningen, Netherlands
| | | | - Frans H J Claas
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Netherlands
| | - Anne Cathrine Staff
- Institute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway; Division of Obstetrics and Gyneacology, Oslo University Hospital, Norway
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28
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Hammer Q, Rückert T, Romagnani C. Natural killer cell specificity for viral infections. Nat Immunol 2018; 19:800-808. [PMID: 30026479 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-018-0163-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are lymphocytes that contribute to the early immune responses to viruses. NK cells are innate immune cells that do not express rearranged antigen receptors but sense their environment via receptors for pro-inflammatory cytokines, as well as via germline-encoded activating receptors specific for danger or pathogen signals. A group of such activating receptors is stochastically expressed by certain subsets within the NK cell compartment. After engagement of the cognate viral ligand, these receptors contribute to the specific activation and 'preferential' population expansion of defined NK cell subsets, which partially recapitulate some features of adaptive lymphocytes. In this Review, we discuss the numerous modes for the specific recognition of viral antigens and peptides by NK cells and the implications of this for the composition of the NK cell repertoire as well as for the the selection of viral variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quirin Hammer
- Innate Immunity, German Rheumatism Research Center, Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany.,Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Timo Rückert
- Innate Immunity, German Rheumatism Research Center, Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Chiara Romagnani
- Innate Immunity, German Rheumatism Research Center, Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany. .,Medical Department I, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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29
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Castellana B, Perdu S, Kim Y, Chan K, Atif J, Marziali M, Beristain AG. Maternal obesity alters uterine NK activity through a functional KIR2DL1/S1 imbalance. Immunol Cell Biol 2018; 96:805-819. [PMID: 29569748 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In pregnancy, uterine natural killer cells (uNK) play essential roles in coordinating uterine angiogenesis, blood vessel remodeling and promoting maternal tolerance to fetal tissue. Deviances from a normal uterine microenvironment are thought to modify uNK function(s) by limiting their ability to establish a healthy pregnancy. While maternal obesity has become a major health concern due to associations with adverse effects on fetal and maternal health, our understanding into how obesity contributes to poor pregnancy disorders is unknown. Given the importance of uNK in pregnancy, this study examines the impact of obesity on uNK function in women in early pregnancy. We identify that uNK from obese women show a greater propensity for cellular activation, but this difference does not translate into increased effector killing potential. Instead, uNK from obese women express an altered repertoire of natural killer receptors, including an imbalance in inhibitory KIR2DL1 and activating KIR2DS1 receptors that favors HLA-C2-directed uNK activation. Notably, we show that obesity-related KIR2DS1 skewing potentiates TNFα production upon receptor crosslinking. Together, these findings suggest that maternal obesity modifies uNK activity by altering the response toward HLA-C2 antigen and KIR2DL1/2DS1-controlled TNFα release. Furthermore, this work identifies alterations in uNK function resulting from maternal obesity that may impact early developmental processes important in pregnancy health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Castellana
- British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Sofie Perdu
- British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Yoona Kim
- British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Kathy Chan
- British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jawairia Atif
- British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Megan Marziali
- British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Alexander G Beristain
- British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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30
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Mathew A. Defining the role of NK cells during dengue virus infection. Immunology 2018; 154:557-562. [PMID: 29570783 PMCID: PMC6050221 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, our understanding of the complex number of signals that need to be integrated between a diverse number of receptors present on natural killer (NK) cells and ligands present on target cells has improved. Here, we review the progress made in identifying interactions between dengue viral peptides presented on HLA Class 1 molecules with inhibitory and activating killer-like immunoglobulin receptors on NK cells, direct interactions of viral proteins with NK cell receptors, the involvement of dengue virus-specific antibodies in mediating antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity and the role of soluble factors in modulating NK cell responses. We discuss findings of NK cell activation early after natural dengue infection, and point to the role that NK cells may play in regulating both innate and adaptive immune responses, in the context of our new appreciation of interactions of dengue virus with specific NK cell receptors. With a number of flavivirus vaccine candidates in clinical trials, how NK cells respond to attenuated dengue virus and subunit protein vaccine candidates and shape adaptive immunity will need to be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuja Mathew
- Department of Cell and Molecular BiologyInstitute for Immunology and InformaticsProvidenceRIUSA
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31
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Baltner K, Kübler A, Pal M, Balvočiūte M, Mezger M, Handgretinger R, André MC. Expression of KIR2DS1 does not significantly contribute to NK cell cytotoxicity in HLA-C1/C2 heterozygous haplotype B donors. Int Immunol 2017; 29:423-429. [DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxx052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Karla Baltner
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Children’s Hospital, Eberhard Karls University, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ayline Kübler
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Children’s Hospital, Eberhard Karls University, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Marina Pal
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Children’s Hospital, Eberhard Karls University, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Monika Balvočiūte
- Algorithms in Bioinformatics, Faculty of Computer Science, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Markus Mezger
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Children’s Hospital, Eberhard Karls University, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Rupert Handgretinger
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Children’s Hospital, Eberhard Karls University, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Maya C André
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Children’s Hospital, Eberhard Karls University, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care, University Children’s Hospital, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
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