1
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Yuan Y, Xu T, Huang Y, Shi J. Strategies for developing μ opioid receptor agonists with reduced adverse effects. Bioorg Chem 2024; 149:107507. [PMID: 38850778 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Opioids are currently the most effective and widely used painkillers in the world. Unfortunately, the clinical use of opioid analgesics is limited by serious adverse effects. Many researchers have been working on designing and optimizing structures in search of novel μ opioid receptor(MOR) agonists with improved analgesic activity and reduced incidence of adverse effects. There are many strategies to develop MOR drugs, mainly focusing on new low efficacy agonists (potentially G protein biased agonists), MOR agonists acting on different Gα subtype, targeting opioid receptors in the periphery, acting on multiple opioid receptor, and targeting allosteric sites of opioid receptors, and others. This review summarizes the design methods, clinical applications, and structure-activity relationships of small-molecule agonists for MOR based on these different design strategies, providing ideas for the development of safer novel opioid ligands with therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yuan
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611756, China
| | - Ting Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China
| | - Yu Huang
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611756, China
| | - Jianyou Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China.
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2
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Nürnberg B, Beer-Hammer S, Reisinger E, Leiss V. Non-canonical G protein signaling. Pharmacol Ther 2024; 255:108589. [PMID: 38295906 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2024.108589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
The original paradigm of classical - also referred to as canonical - cellular signal transduction of heterotrimeric G proteins (G protein) is defined by a hierarchical, orthograde interaction of three players: the agonist-activated G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), which activates the transducing G protein, that in turn regulates its intracellular effectors. This receptor-transducer-effector concept was extended by the identification of regulators and adapters such as the regulators of G protein signaling (RGS), receptor kinases like βARK, or GPCR-interacting arrestin adapters that are integrated into this canonical signaling process at different levels to enable fine-tuning. Finally, the identification of atypical signaling mechanisms of classical regulators, together with the discovery of novel modulators, added a new and fascinating dimension to the cellular G protein signal transduction. This heterogeneous group of accessory G protein modulators was coined "activators of G protein signaling" (AGS) proteins and plays distinct roles in canonical and non-canonical G protein signaling pathways. AGS proteins contribute to the control of essential cellular functions such as cell development and division, intracellular transport processes, secretion, autophagy or cell movements. As such, they are involved in numerous biological processes that are crucial for diseases, like diabetes mellitus, cancer, and stroke, which represent major health burdens. Although the identification of a large number of non-canonical G protein signaling pathways has broadened the spectrum of this cellular communication system, their underlying mechanisms, functions, and biological effects are poorly understood. In this review, we highlight and discuss atypical G protein-dependent signaling mechanisms with a focus on inhibitory G proteins (Gi) involved in canonical and non-canonical signal transduction, review recent developments and open questions, address the potential of new approaches for targeted pharmacological interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernd Nürnberg
- Department of Pharmacology, Experimental Therapy and Toxicology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, and ICePhA Mouse Clinic, University of Tübingen, Wilhelmstraße 56, D-72074 Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Sandra Beer-Hammer
- Department of Pharmacology, Experimental Therapy and Toxicology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, and ICePhA Mouse Clinic, University of Tübingen, Wilhelmstraße 56, D-72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ellen Reisinger
- Gene Therapy for Hearing Impairment Group, Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, University of Tübingen Medical Center, Elfriede-Aulhorn-Straße 5, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Veronika Leiss
- Department of Pharmacology, Experimental Therapy and Toxicology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, and ICePhA Mouse Clinic, University of Tübingen, Wilhelmstraße 56, D-72074 Tübingen, Germany
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3
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Khoury W, Trus R, Chen X, Baghaie L, Clark M, Szewczuk MR, El-Diasty M. Parsimonious Effect of Pentoxifylline on Angiogenesis: A Novel Pentoxifylline-Biased Adenosine G Protein-Coupled Receptor Signaling Platform. Cells 2023; 12:cells12081199. [PMID: 37190108 DOI: 10.3390/cells12081199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is the physiological process of developing new blood vessels to facilitate the delivery of oxygen and nutrients to meet the functional demands of growing tissues. It also plays a vital role in the development of neoplastic disorders. Pentoxifylline (PTX) is a vasoactive synthetic methyl xanthine derivative used for decades to manage chronic occlusive vascular disorders. Recently, it has been proposed that PTX might have an inhibitory effect on the angiogenesis process. Here, we reviewed the modulatory effects of PTX on angiogenesis and its potential benefits in the clinical setting. Twenty-two studies met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. While sixteen studies demonstrated that pentoxifylline had an antiangiogenic effect, four suggested it had a proangiogenic effect, and two other studies showed it did not affect angiogenesis. All studies were either in vivo animal studies or in vitro animal and human cell models. Our findings suggest that pentoxifylline may affect the angiogenic process in experimental models. However, there is insufficient evidence to establish its role as an anti-angiogenesis agent in the clinical setting. These gaps in our knowledge regarding how pentoxifylline is implicated in host-biased metabolically taxing angiogenic switch may be via its adenosine A2BAR G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) mechanism. GPCR receptors reinforce the importance of research to understand the mechanistic action of these drugs on the body as promising metabolic candidates. The specific mechanisms and details of the effects of pentoxifylline on host metabolism and energy homeostasis remain to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Khoury
- School of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3L4, Canada
| | - Ryan Trus
- Faculty of Arts and Science, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N9, Canada
- School of Medicine, The Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Xingyu Chen
- School of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3L4, Canada
| | - Leili Baghaie
- Department of Biomedical & Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Mira Clark
- Faculty of Arts and Science, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N9, Canada
- Department of Biomedical & Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Myron R Szewczuk
- Department of Biomedical & Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Mohammad El-Diasty
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 2V7, Canada
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4
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Emerging Field of Biased Opioid Agonists. Anesthesiol Clin 2023; 41:317-328. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anclin.2023.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
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5
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Wheeler JJ, Domenichiello AF, Jensen JR, Keyes GS, Maiden KM, Davis JM, Ramsden CE, Mishra SK. Endogenous Derivatives of Linoleic Acid and their Stable Analogs Are Potential Pain Mediators. JID INNOVATIONS 2023; 3:100177. [PMID: 36876220 PMCID: PMC9982331 DOI: 10.1016/j.xjidi.2022.100177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is characterized by intense pruritus, with a subset of individuals with psoriasis experiencing thermal hypersensitivity. However, the pathophysiology of thermal hypersensitivity in psoriasis and other skin conditions remains enigmatic. Linoleic acid is an omega-6 fatty acid that is concentrated in the skin, and oxidation of linoleic acid into metabolites with multiple hydroxyl and epoxide functional groups has been shown to play a role in skin barrier function. Previously, we identified several linoleic acid‒derived mediators that were more concentrated in psoriatic lesions, but the role of these lipids in psoriasis remains unknown. In this study, we report that two such compounds-9,10-epoxy-13-hydroxy-octadecenoate and 9,10,13-trihydroxy-octadecenoate-are present as free fatty acids and induce nociceptive behavior in mice but not in rats. By chemically stabilizing 9,10-epoxy-13-hydroxy-octadecenoate and 9,10,13-trihydroxy-octadecenoate through the addition of methyl groups, we observed pain and hypersensitization in mice. The nociceptive responses suggest an involvement of the TRPA1 channel, whereas hypersensitive responses induced by these mediators may require both TRPA1 and TRPV1 channels. Furthermore, we showed that 9,10,13-trihydroxy-octadecenoate‒induced calcium transients in sensory neurons are mediated through the Gβγ subunit of an unidentified G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR). Overall, mechanistic insights from this study will guide the development of potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of pain and hypersensitivity.
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Key Words
- 9,10,13-THL, 9,10,13-trihydroxy-octadecenoate
- 9,13-EHL, 13-hydroxy-9,10-epoxy octadecenoate
- CFA, complete Freund’s adjuvant
- DRG, dorsal root ganglia
- GPCR, G-protein coupled receptor
- HODE, hydroxyoctadecenoate
- KO, knockout
- LA, linoleic acid
- LC-MS/MS, liquid chromatography‒tandem mass spectrometry
- PGE2, prostaglandin E2
- TRP, transient receptor potential
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua J. Wheeler
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, NC State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
- Comparative Medicine Institute, NC State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Anthony F. Domenichiello
- Lipid Peroxidation Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Intramural Program of the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jennifer R. Jensen
- Lipid Peroxidation Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Intramural Program of the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Neurosciences Graduate Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Gregory S. Keyes
- Lipid Peroxidation Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Intramural Program of the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kristen M. Maiden
- Lipid Peroxidation Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Intramural Program of the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Obstetrics-Gynecology Program, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - John M. Davis
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychiatry College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Ilinois, USA
| | - Christopher E. Ramsden
- Lipid Peroxidation Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Intramural Program of the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Santosh K. Mishra
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, NC State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
- Comparative Medicine Institute, NC State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
- Correspondence: Santosh K. Mishra, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, NC State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, RB 242, Raleigh 27607, North Carolina, USA.
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6
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Kelly E, Conibear A, Henderson G. Biased Agonism: Lessons from Studies of Opioid Receptor Agonists. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2023; 63:491-515. [PMID: 36170657 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-052120-091058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
In ligand bias different agonist drugs are thought to produce distinct signaling outputs when activating the same receptor. If these signaling outputs mediate therapeutic versus adverse drug effects, then agonists that selectively activate the therapeutic signaling pathway would be extremely beneficial. It has long been thought that μ-opioid receptor agonists that selectively activate G protein- over β-arrestin-dependent signaling pathways would produce effective analgesia without the adverse effects such as respiratory depression. However, more recent data indicate that most of the therapeutic and adverse effects of agonist-induced activation of the μ-opioid receptor are actually mediated by the G protein-dependent signaling pathway, and that a number of drugs described as G protein biased in fact may not be biased, but instead may be low-intrinsic-efficacy agonists. In this review we discuss the current state of the field of bias at the μ-opioid receptor and other opioid receptor subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eamonn Kelly
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom;
| | - Alexandra Conibear
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom;
| | - Graeme Henderson
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom;
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7
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Sedki D, Cho A, Cao Y, Nikolajev L, Atmuri NDP, Lubell WD, Laporte SA. Prostaglandin F2α and angiotensin II type 1 receptors exhibit differential cognate G protein coupling regulation. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102294. [PMID: 35872018 PMCID: PMC9418914 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Promiscuous G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs) engage multiple Gα subtypes with different efficacies to propagate signals in cells. A mechanistic understanding of Gα selectivity by GPCRs is critical for therapeutic design, since signaling can be restrained by ligand–receptor complexes to preferentially engage specific G proteins. However, details of GPCR selectivity are unresolved. Here, we investigated cognate G protein selectivity using the prototypical promiscuous Gαq/11 and Gα12/13 coupling receptors, angiotensin II type I receptor (AT1R) and prostaglandin F2α receptor (FP), bioluminescence resonance energy transfer–based G protein and pathway-selective sensors, and G protein knockout cells. We determined that competition between G proteins for receptor binding occurred in a receptor- and G protein–specific manner for AT1R and FP but not for other receptors tested. In addition, we show that while Gα12/13 competes with Gαq/11 for AT1R coupling, the opposite occurs for FP, and Gαq-mediated signaling regulated G protein coupling only at AT1R. In cells, the functional modulation of biased ligands at FP and AT1R was contingent upon cognate Gα availability. The efficacy of AT1R-biased ligands, which poorly signal through Gαq/11, increased in the absence of Gα12/13. Finally, we show that a positive allosteric modulator of Gαq/11 signaling that also allosterically decreases FP–Gα12/13 coupling, lost its negative modulation in the absence of Gαq/11 coupling to FP. Together, our findings suggest that despite preferential binding of similar subsets of G proteins, GPCRs follow distinct selectivity rules, which may contribute to the regulation of ligand-mediated G protein bias of AT1R and FP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Sedki
- Department of Medicine, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Aaron Cho
- Department of Medicine, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Yubo Cao
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Ljiljana Nikolajev
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - N D Prasad Atmuri
- Department of Chemistry, University of Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - William D Lubell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Stéphane A Laporte
- Department of Medicine, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H4A 3J1, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3G 1Y6, Canada.
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8
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Voss JH, Mahardhika AB, Inoue A, Müller CE. Agonist-Dependent Coupling of the Promiscuous Adenosine A 2B Receptor to Gα Protein Subunits. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2022; 5:373-386. [PMID: 35592437 PMCID: PMC9112290 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.2c00020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The adenosine A2B receptor (A2BAR) belongs to the rhodopsin-like G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) family. It is upregulated under hypoxic conditions, in inflammation and cancer. Previous studies indicated the coupling of the A2BAR to different G proteins, mainly Gs, but in some cases Gq/11 or Gi, depending on the cell type. We have now utilized novel technologies, (i) heterologous expression of individual members of the Gαq/11 protein family (Gαq, Gα11, Gα14, and Gα15) in Gαq/11 knockout cells, and (ii) the TRUPATH platform, allowing the direct observation of Gα protein activation for each of the Gα subunits by bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) measurements. Three structurally diverse A2BAR agonists were studied: the cognate agonist adenosine, its metabolically stable analog NECA, and the non-nucleosidic partial agonist BAY 60-6583. Adenosine and NECA activated most members of all four Gα protein families (Gαs, Gαq/11, Gαi, and Gα12/13). Significant differences in potencies and efficacies were observed; the highest efficacies were determined at the Gα15, Gαs, and Gα12 proteins, and for NECA additionally at the Gαi2 protein. In contrast, the partial agonist BAY 60-6583 only activated Gα15, Gαs, and Gα12 proteins. Adenosine deaminase, an allosteric modulator of ARs, selectively increased the potency and efficacy of NECA and BAY 60-6583 at the Gα15 protein, while it had no effect or decreased efficacy at the other Gα proteins. We conclude that the A2BAR is preferably coupled to the Gα15, Gαs, and Gα12 proteins. Upon upregulation of receptor or Gα protein expression, coupling to further Gα proteins likely occurs. Importantly, different agonists can display different activation profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Hendrik Voss
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Andhika B Mahardhika
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany.,Research Training Group GRK1873, University of Bonn, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Asuka Inoue
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - Christa E Müller
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany.,Research Training Group GRK1873, University of Bonn, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
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9
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Eiger DS, Pham U, Gardner J, Hicks C, Rajagopal S. GPCR Systems Pharmacology: A Different Perspective on the Development of Biased Therapeutics. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 322:C887-C895. [PMID: 35196164 PMCID: PMC9037395 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00449.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the largest family of transmembrane receptors and are the target of approximately one-third of all Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved pharmaceutical drugs. GPCRs interact with many transducers, such as heterotrimeric G proteins, GPCR kinases (GRKs), and β-arrestins. Recent experiments have demonstrated that some ligands can activate distinct effector proteins over others, a phenomenon termed biased agonism. These discoveries have raised the potential of developing drugs which preferentially activate therapeutic signaling pathways over those that lead to deleterious side effects. However, to date, only one biased GPCR therapeutic has received FDA approval and many others have either failed to meet their specified primary endpoints and or demonstrate superiority over currently available treatments. Additionally, there is a lack of understanding regarding how biased agonism measured at a GPCR leads to specific downstream physiologic responses. Here, we briefly summarize the history and current status of biased agonism at GPCRs and suggest adoption of a systems pharmacology approach upon which to develop GPCR-targeted drugs that demonstrate heightened therapeutic efficacy with improved side effect profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan Scott Eiger
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Uyen Pham
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Julia Gardner
- Trinty College, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Chloe Hicks
- Trinty College, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Sudarshan Rajagopal
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
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10
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Fonseca-Barriendos D, Frías-Soria CL, Pérez-Pérez D, Gómez-López R, Borroto Escuela DO, Rocha L. Drug-resistant epilepsy: Drug target hypothesis and beyond the receptors. Epilepsia Open 2021; 7 Suppl 1:S23-S33. [PMID: 34542940 PMCID: PMC9340308 DOI: 10.1002/epi4.12539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder that affects more than 50 million people worldwide. Despite a recent introduction of antiseizure drugs for the treatment of epileptic seizures, one-third of these patients suffer from drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE). The therapeutic target hypothesis is a cited theory to explain DRE. According to the target hypothesis, the failure to achieve seizure freedom leads to alteration of the structure and/or function of the antiseizure medication (ASM) target. However, this hypothesis fails to explain why patients with DRE do not respond to antiseizure medications of different targets. This review presents different conditions, such as epigenetic mechanisms and protein-protein interactions that may result in alterations of diverse drug targets using different mechanisms. These novel conditions represent new targets to control DRE.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Daniel Pérez-Pérez
- Plan of Combined Studies in Medicine (PECEM), Faculty of Medicine, UNAM, México City, Mexico
| | - Rosenda Gómez-López
- Escuela Nacional de Medicina y Homeopatía, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, México
| | | | - Luisa Rocha
- Pharmacobiology Department, Center for Research and Advanced Studies, México City, México
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11
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Fusion with Promiscuous Gα 16 Subunit Reveals Signaling Bias at Muscarinic Receptors. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221810089. [PMID: 34576254 PMCID: PMC8469978 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221810089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A complex evaluation of agonist bias at G-protein coupled receptors at the level of G-protein classes and isoforms including non-preferential ones is essential for advanced agonist screening and drug development. Molecular crosstalk in downstream signaling and a lack of sufficiently sensitive and selective methods to study direct coupling with G-protein of interest complicates this analysis. We performed binding and functional analysis of 11 structurally different agonists on prepared fusion proteins of individual subtypes of muscarinic receptors and non-canonical promiscuous α-subunit of G16 protein to study agonist bias. We have demonstrated that fusion of muscarinic receptors with Gα16 limits access of other competitive Gα subunits to the receptor, and thus enables us to study activation of Gα16 mediated pathway more specifically. Our data demonstrated agonist-specific activation of G16 pathway among individual subtypes of muscarinic receptors and revealed signaling bias of oxotremorine towards Gα16 pathway at the M2 receptor and at the same time impaired Gα16 signaling of iperoxo at M5 receptors. Our data have shown that fusion proteins of muscarinic receptors with α-subunit of G-proteins can serve as a suitable tool for studying agonist bias, especially at non-preferential pathways.
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12
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Corey EA, Zolotukhin S, Ache BW, Ukhanov K. Mixture interactions at mammalian olfactory receptors are dependent on the cellular environment. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9278. [PMID: 33927269 PMCID: PMC8085013 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88601-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Functional characterization of mammalian olfactory receptors (ORs) remains a major challenge to ultimately understanding the olfactory code. Here, we compare the responses of the mouse Olfr73 ectopically expressed in olfactory sensory neurons using AAV gene delivery in vivo and expressed in vitro in cell culture. The response dynamics and concentration-dependence of agonists for the ectopically expressed Olfr73 were similar to those reported for the endogenous Olfr73, however the antagonism previously reported between its cognate agonist and several antagonists was not replicated in vivo. Expressing the OR in vitro reproduced the antagonism reported for short odor pulses, but not for prolonged odor exposure. Our findings suggest that both the cellular environment and the stimulus dynamics shape the functionality of Olfr73 and argue that characterizing ORs in 'native' conditions, rather than in vitro, provides a more relevant understanding of ligand-OR interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Corey
- Whitney Laboratory, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Center for Smell and Taste, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Sergei Zolotukhin
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Center for Smell and Taste, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Barry W Ache
- Whitney Laboratory, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Biology and Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Center for Smell and Taste, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Kirill Ukhanov
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
- Center for Smell and Taste, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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Slosky LM, Caron MG, Barak LS. Biased Allosteric Modulators: New Frontiers in GPCR Drug Discovery. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2021; 42:283-299. [PMID: 33581873 PMCID: PMC9797227 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2020.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the largest class of cell surface receptors in the genome and the most successful family of targets of FDA-approved drugs. New frontiers in GPCR drug discovery remain, however, as achieving receptor subtype selectivity and controlling off- and on-target side effects are not always possible with classic agonist and antagonist ligands. These challenges may be overcome by focusing development efforts on allosteric ligands that confer signaling bias. Biased allosteric modulators (BAMs) are an emerging class of GPCR ligands that engage less well-conserved regulatory motifs outside the orthosteric pocket and exert pathway-specific effects on receptor signaling. The unique ways that BAMs texturize receptor signaling present opportunities to fine-tune physiology and develop safer, more selective therapeutics. Here, we provide a conceptual framework for understanding the pharmacology of BAMs, explore their therapeutic potential, and discuss strategies for their discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M. Slosky
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Marc G. Caron
- Departments of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA,Correspondence: (L.S.B.); (M.G.C.)
| | - Lawrence S. Barak
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA,Correspondence: (L.S.B.); (M.G.C.)
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14
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McNeill SM, Baltos JA, White PJ, May LT. Biased agonism at adenosine receptors. Cell Signal 2021; 82:109954. [PMID: 33610717 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2021.109954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Adenosine modulates many aspects of human physiology and pathophysiology through binding to the adenosine family of G protein-coupled receptors, which are comprised of four subtypes, the A1R, A2AR, A2BR and A3R. Modulation of adenosine receptor function by exogenous agonists, antagonists and allosteric modulators can be beneficial for a number of conditions including cardiovascular disease, Parkinson's disease, and cancer. Unfortunately, many preclinical drug candidates targeting adenosine receptors have failed in clinical trials due to limited efficacy and/or severe on-target undesired effects. To overcome the key barriers typically encountered when transitioning adenosine receptor ligands into the clinic, research efforts have focussed on exploiting the phenomenon of biased agonism. Biased agonism provides the opportunity to develop ligands that favour therapeutic signalling pathways, whilst avoiding signalling associated with on-target undesired effects. Recent studies have begun to define the structure-function relationships that underpin adenosine receptor biased agonism and establish how this phenomenon can be harnessed therapeutically. In this review we describe the recent advancements made towards achieving therapeutically relevant biased agonism at adenosine receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha M McNeill
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jo-Anne Baltos
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Paul J White
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Lauren T May
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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15
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Abstract
The field of cAMP signaling is witnessing exciting developments with the recognition that cAMP is compartmentalized and that spatial regulation of cAMP is critical for faithful signal coding. This realization has changed our understanding of cAMP signaling from a model in which cAMP connects a receptor at the plasma membrane to an intracellular effector in a linear pathway to a model in which cAMP signals propagate within a complex network of alternative branches and the specific functional outcome strictly depends on local regulation of cAMP levels and on selective activation of a limited number of branches within the network. In this review, we cover some of the early studies and summarize more recent evidence supporting the model of compartmentalized cAMP signaling, and we discuss how this knowledge is starting to provide original mechanistic insight into cell physiology and a novel framework for the identification of disease mechanisms that potentially opens new avenues for therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Zaccolo
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Zerio
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Miguel J Lobo
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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16
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Lismont E, Verbakel L, Vogel E, Corbisier J, Degroot GN, Verdonck R, Verlinden H, Marchal E, Springael JY, Vanden Broeck J. Can BRET-based biosensors be used to characterize G-protein mediated signaling pathways of an insect GPCR, the Schistocerca gregaria CRF-related diuretic hormone receptor? INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 122:103392. [PMID: 32387240 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2020.103392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are membrane-bound receptors that are considered prime candidates for the development of novel insect pest management strategies. However, the molecular signaling properties of insect GPCRs remain poorly understood. In fact, most studies on insect GPCR signaling are limited to analysis of fluctuations in the secondary messenger molecules calcium (Ca2+) and/or cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). In the current study, we characterized a corticotropin-releasing factor-related diuretic hormone (CRF-DH) receptor of the desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria. This Schgr-CRF-DHR is mainly expressed in the nervous system and in brain-associated endocrine organs. The neuropeptide Schgr-CRF-DH induced Ca2+-dependent aequorin-based bioluminescent responses in CHO cells co-expressing this receptor with the promiscuous Gα16 protein. Furthermore, when co-expressed with the cAMP-dependent bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET)-based CAMYEL biosensor in HEK293T cells, this receptor elicited dose-dependent agonist-induced responses with an EC50 in the nanomolar range (4.02 nM). In addition, we tested if vertebrate BRET-based G protein biosensors, can also be used to detect direct Gα protein subunit activation by an insect GPCR. Therefore, we analyzed ten different human BRET-based G protein biosensors, representing members of all four Gα protein subfamilies; Gαs, Gαi/o, Gαq/11 and Gα12/13. Our data demonstrate that stimulation of Schgr-CRF-DHR by Schgr-CRF-DH can dose-dependently activate Gαi/o and Gαs biosensors, while no significant effects were observed with the Gαq/11 and Gα12/13 biosensors. Our study paves the way for future biosensor-based studies to analyze the signaling properties of insect GPCRs in both fundamental science and applied research contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Els Lismont
- Molecular Developmental Physiology and Signal Transduction, KU Leuven, Naamsestraat 59, P.O. Box 02465, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lina Verbakel
- Molecular Developmental Physiology and Signal Transduction, KU Leuven, Naamsestraat 59, P.O. Box 02465, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Elise Vogel
- Molecular Developmental Physiology and Signal Transduction, KU Leuven, Naamsestraat 59, P.O. Box 02465, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | | | - Rik Verdonck
- Molecular Developmental Physiology and Signal Transduction, KU Leuven, Naamsestraat 59, P.O. Box 02465, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Heleen Verlinden
- Molecular Developmental Physiology and Signal Transduction, KU Leuven, Naamsestraat 59, P.O. Box 02465, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Elisabeth Marchal
- Molecular Developmental Physiology and Signal Transduction, KU Leuven, Naamsestraat 59, P.O. Box 02465, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium; Imec, Kapeldreef 75, B-3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jean-Yves Springael
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM) Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Campus Erasme, 808 Route de Lennik, B-1070, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jozef Vanden Broeck
- Molecular Developmental Physiology and Signal Transduction, KU Leuven, Naamsestraat 59, P.O. Box 02465, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
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17
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Gupte TM, Ritt M, Dysthe M, Malik RU, Sivaramakrishnan S. Minute-scale persistence of a GPCR conformation state triggered by non-cognate G protein interactions primes signaling. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4836. [PMID: 31645561 PMCID: PMC6811539 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12755-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the crowded nature of the cellular milieu, ligand-GPCR-G protein interactions are traditionally viewed as spatially and temporally isolated events. In contrast, recent reports suggest the spatial and temporal coupling of receptor-effector interactions, with the potential to diversify downstream responses. In this study, we combine protein engineering of GPCR-G protein interactions with affinity sequestration and photo-manipulation of the crucial Gα C terminus, to demonstrate the temporal coupling of cognate and non-cognate G protein interactions through priming of the GPCR conformation. We find that interactions of the Gαs and Gαq C termini with the β2-adrenergic receptor (β2-AR), targeted at the G-protein-binding site, enhance Gs activation and cyclic AMP levels. β2-AR-Gα C termini interactions alter receptor conformation, which persists for ~90 s following Gα C terminus dissociation. Non-cognate G-protein expression levels impact cognate signaling in cells. Our study demonstrates temporal allostery in GPCRs, with implications for the modulation of downstream responses through the canonical G-protein-binding interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tejas M Gupte
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Twin-Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 55455, USA
| | - Michael Ritt
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Twin-Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 55455, USA
| | - Matthew Dysthe
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Twin-Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 55455, USA
| | - Rabia U Malik
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Twin-Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 55455, USA
| | - Sivaraj Sivaramakrishnan
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Twin-Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 55455, USA.
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18
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Velmurugan BK, Baskaran R, Huang CY. Detailed insight on β-adrenoceptors as therapeutic targets. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 117:109039. [PMID: 31176173 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Human G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), especially adrenoceptors, play a crucial role in maintaining important physiological activities including cardiovascular and pulmonary functions. Among all adrenoceptors, β-adrenoceptors are the best characterized GPCRs and possess distinctive features as drug targets. Similarly, ligands that activate/deactivate β-adrenoceptors also hold a significant position in the field of biomarker identification and drug discovery. Several studies regarding molecular characterization of the β-adrenoceptor ligands have revealed that ligands with abilities to inhibit basal or intrinsic receptor activity or prevent receptor desensitization are particularly important to efficiently manage detrimental health conditions, including chronic heart failure, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, obesity, and diabetes. Given the importance of β-adrenoceptors as molecular targets for many pathological conditions, this review aims to provide a detailed insight on the structural and functional aspects of β-adrenoceptors, with a particular emphasis on their importance as biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharath Kumar Velmurugan
- Toxicology and Biomedicine Research group, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Rathinasamy Baskaran
- Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yang Huang
- Cardiovascular research center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Tzu Chi University of Science and Technology, Hualien, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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19
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Seyedabadi M, Ghahremani MH, Albert PR. Biased signaling of G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs): Molecular determinants of GPCR/transducer selectivity and therapeutic potential. Pharmacol Ther 2019; 200:148-178. [PMID: 31075355 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2019.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) convey signals across membranes via interaction with G proteins. Originally, an individual GPCR was thought to signal through one G protein family, comprising cognate G proteins that mediate canonical receptor signaling. However, several deviations from canonical signaling pathways for GPCRs have been described. It is now clear that GPCRs can engage with multiple G proteins and the line between cognate and non-cognate signaling is increasingly blurred. Furthermore, GPCRs couple to non-G protein transducers, including β-arrestins or other scaffold proteins, to initiate additional signaling cascades. Receptor/transducer selectivity is dictated by agonist-induced receptor conformations as well as by collateral factors. In particular, ligands stabilize distinct receptor conformations to preferentially activate certain pathways, designated 'biased signaling'. In this regard, receptor sequence alignment and mutagenesis have helped to identify key receptor domains for receptor/transducer specificity. Furthermore, molecular structures of GPCRs bound to different ligands or transducers have provided detailed insights into mechanisms of coupling selectivity. However, receptor dimerization, compartmentalization, and trafficking, receptor-transducer-effector stoichiometry, and ligand residence and exposure times can each affect GPCR coupling. Extrinsic factors including cell type or assay conditions can also influence receptor signaling. Understanding these factors may lead to the development of improved biased ligands with the potential to enhance therapeutic benefit, while minimizing adverse effects. In this review, evidence for ligand-specific GPCR signaling toward different transducers or pathways is elaborated. Furthermore, molecular determinants of biased signaling toward these pathways and relevant examples of the potential clinical benefits and pitfalls of biased ligands are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Seyedabadi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Iran; Education Development Center, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | | | - Paul R Albert
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Neuroscience, University of Ottawa, Canada.
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20
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21
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Non-Nutritive Sweeteners and Their Implications on the Development of Metabolic Syndrome. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11030644. [PMID: 30884834 PMCID: PMC6471792 DOI: 10.3390/nu11030644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Individuals widely use non-nutritive sweeteners (NNS) in attempts to lower their overall daily caloric intake, lose weight, and sustain a healthy diet. There are insufficient scientific data that support the safety of consuming NNS. However, recent studies have suggested that NNS consumption can induce gut microbiota dysbiosis and promote glucose intolerance in healthy individuals that may result in the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This sequence of events may result in changes in the gut microbiota composition through microRNA (miRNA)-mediated changes. The mechanism(s) by which miRNAs alter gene expression of different bacterial species provides a link between the consumption of NNS and the development of metabolic changes. Another potential mechanism that connects NNS to metabolic changes is the molecular crosstalk between the insulin receptor (IR) and G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Here, we aim to highlight the role of NNS in obesity and discuss IR-GPCR crosstalk and miRNA-mediated changes, in the manipulation of the gut microbiota composition and T2DM pathogenesis.
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22
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Garcia C, Maurel-Ribes A, Nauze M, N'Guyen D, Martinez LO, Payrastre B, Sénard JM, Galés C, Pons V. Deciphering biased inverse agonism of cangrelor and ticagrelor at P2Y 12 receptor. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:561-576. [PMID: 30406277 PMCID: PMC11105710 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2960-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
P2Y12 receptor (P2Y12-R) is one of the major targets for drug inhibiting platelet aggregation in the treatment/prevention of arterial thrombosis. However, the clinical use of P2Y12-R antagonists faces some limitations, such as a delayed onset of action (clopidogrel) or adverse effect profile (ticagrelor, cangrelor), justifying the development of a new generation of P2Y12-R antagonists with a better clinical benefit-risk balance. Although the recent concept of biased agonism offers the possibility to alleviate undesirable adverse effects while preserving therapeutic outcomes, it has never been explored at P2Y12-R. For the first time, using highly sensitive BRET2-based probes, we accurately delineated biased ligand efficacy at P2Y12-R in living HEK293T cells on G protein activation and downstream effectors. We demonstrated that P2Y12-R displayed constitutive Gi/o-dependent signaling that is impaired by the R122C mutation, previously associated with a bleeding disorder. More importantly, we reported the biased inverse agonist efficacy of cangrelor and ticagrelor that could underlie their clinical efficacy. Our study points out that constitutive P2Y12-R signaling is a normal feature of the receptor that might be essential for platelets to respond faster to a vessel injury. From a therapeutic standpoint, our data suggest that the beneficial advantages of antiplatelet drugs might be more related to inverse agonism at P2Y12-R than to antagonism of ADP-mediated signaling. In the future, deciphering P2Y12-R constitutive activity should allow the discovery of more selective biased P2Y12-R blockers demonstrating therapeutic advantages over classical antiplatelet drugs by improving therapeutic outcomes and concomitantly relieving undesirable adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cédric Garcia
- Laboratoire d'Hématologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, 31000, Toulouse, France
| | - Agnès Maurel-Ribes
- Laboratoire d'Hématologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, 31000, Toulouse, France
| | - Michel Nauze
- INSERM U1048, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Université de Toulouse, 1 Avenue Jean Poulhès, BP 84225, 31432, Toulouse Cedex 04, France
| | - Du N'Guyen
- INSERM U1048, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Université de Toulouse, 1 Avenue Jean Poulhès, BP 84225, 31432, Toulouse Cedex 04, France
| | - Laurent O Martinez
- INSERM U1048, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Université de Toulouse, 1 Avenue Jean Poulhès, BP 84225, 31432, Toulouse Cedex 04, France
| | - Bernard Payrastre
- Laboratoire d'Hématologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, 31000, Toulouse, France
- INSERM U1048, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Université de Toulouse, 1 Avenue Jean Poulhès, BP 84225, 31432, Toulouse Cedex 04, France
| | - Jean-Michel Sénard
- INSERM U1048, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Université de Toulouse, 1 Avenue Jean Poulhès, BP 84225, 31432, Toulouse Cedex 04, France
- Service de Pharmacologie Clinique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Université de Toulouse, 31000, Toulouse, France
| | - Céline Galés
- INSERM U1048, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Université de Toulouse, 1 Avenue Jean Poulhès, BP 84225, 31432, Toulouse Cedex 04, France
| | - Véronique Pons
- INSERM U1048, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Université de Toulouse, 1 Avenue Jean Poulhès, BP 84225, 31432, Toulouse Cedex 04, France.
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23
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Godwin TD, Kelly ST, Brew TP, Bougen-Zhukov NM, Single AB, Chen A, Stylianou CE, Harris LD, Currie SK, Telford BJ, Beetham HG, Evans GB, Black MA, Guilford PJ. E-cadherin-deficient cells have synthetic lethal vulnerabilities in plasma membrane organisation, dynamics and function. Gastric Cancer 2019; 22:273-286. [PMID: 30066183 PMCID: PMC6394693 DOI: 10.1007/s10120-018-0859-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The E-cadherin gene (CDH1) is frequently mutated in diffuse gastric cancer and lobular breast cancer, and germline mutations predispose to the cancer syndrome Hereditary Diffuse Gastric Cancer. We are taking a synthetic lethal approach to identify druggable vulnerabilities in CDH1-mutant cancers. METHODS Density distributions of cell viability data from a genome-wide RNAi screen of isogenic MCF10A and MCF10A-CDH1-/- cells were used to identify protein classes affected by CDH1 mutation. The synthetic lethal relationship between selected protein classes and E-cadherin was characterised by drug sensitivity assays in both the isogenic breast MCF10A cells and CDH1-isogenic gastric NCI-N87. Endocytosis efficiency was quantified using cholera toxin B uptake. Pathway metagene expression of 415 TCGA gastric tumours was statistically correlated with CDH1 expression. RESULTS MCF10A-CDH1-/- cells showed significantly altered sensitivity to RNAi inhibition of groups of genes including the PI3K/AKT pathway, GPCRs, ion channels, proteosomal subunit proteins and ubiquitinylation enzymes. Both MCF10A-CDH1-/- and NCI-N87-CDH1-/- cells were more sensitive than wild-type cells to compounds that disrupted plasma membrane composition and trafficking, but showed contrasting sensitivities to inhibitors of actin polymerisation and the chloride channel inhibitor NS3728. The MCF10A-CDH1-/- cell lines showed reduced capacity to endocytose cholera toxin B. Pathway metagene analysis identified 20 Reactome pathways that were potentially synthetic lethal in tumours. Genes involved in GPCR signalling, vesicle transport and the metabolism of PI3K and membrane lipids were strongly represented amongst the candidate synthetic lethal genes. CONCLUSIONS E-cadherin loss leads to disturbances in receptor signalling and plasma membrane trafficking and organisation, creating druggable vulnerabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanis D Godwin
- Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Centre for Translational Cancer Research (Te Aho Matatū), Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - S Thomas Kelly
- Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Centre for Translational Cancer Research (Te Aho Matatū), Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Tom P Brew
- Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Centre for Translational Cancer Research (Te Aho Matatū), Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Nicola M Bougen-Zhukov
- Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Centre for Translational Cancer Research (Te Aho Matatū), Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Andrew B Single
- Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Centre for Translational Cancer Research (Te Aho Matatū), Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Augustine Chen
- Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Centre for Translational Cancer Research (Te Aho Matatū), Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Cassie E Stylianou
- Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Centre for Translational Cancer Research (Te Aho Matatū), Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Lawrence D Harris
- The Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Sophie K Currie
- Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Centre for Translational Cancer Research (Te Aho Matatū), Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Bryony J Telford
- Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Centre for Translational Cancer Research (Te Aho Matatū), Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Henry G Beetham
- Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Centre for Translational Cancer Research (Te Aho Matatū), Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Gary B Evans
- The Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Michael A Black
- Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Centre for Translational Cancer Research (Te Aho Matatū), Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Parry J Guilford
- Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Centre for Translational Cancer Research (Te Aho Matatū), Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
- Parry Guilford Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, 9016, New Zealand.
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24
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Namkung Y, LeGouill C, Kumar S, Cao Y, Teixeira LB, Lukasheva V, Giubilaro J, Simões SC, Longpré JM, Devost D, Hébert TE, Piñeyro G, Leduc R, Costa-Neto CM, Bouvier M, Laporte SA. Functional selectivity profiling of the angiotensin II type 1 receptor using pathway-wide BRET signaling sensors. Sci Signal 2018; 11:11/559/eaat1631. [PMID: 30514808 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aat1631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are important therapeutic targets that exhibit functional selectivity (biased signaling), in which different ligands or receptor variants elicit distinct downstream signaling. Understanding all the signaling events and biases that contribute to both the beneficial and adverse effects of GPCR stimulation by given ligands is important for drug discovery. Here, we report the design, validation, and use of pathway-selective bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) biosensors that monitor the engagement and activation of signaling effectors downstream of G proteins, including protein kinase C (PKC), phospholipase C (PLC), p63RhoGEF, and Rho. Combined with G protein and β-arrestin BRET biosensors, our sensors enabled real-time monitoring of GPCR signaling at different levels in downstream pathways in both native and engineered cells. Profiling of the responses to 14 angiotensin II (AngII) type 1 receptor (AT1R) ligands enabled the clustering of compounds into different subfamilies of biased ligands and showed that, in addition to the previously reported functional selectivity between Gαq and β-arrestin, there are also biases among G protein subtypes. We also demonstrated that biases observed at the receptor and G protein levels propagated to downstream signaling pathways and that these biases could occur through the engagement of different G proteins to activate a common effector. We also used these tools to determine how naturally occurring AT1R variants affected signaling bias. This suite of BRET biosensors provides a useful resource for fingerprinting biased ligands and mutant receptors and for dissecting functional selectivity at various levels of GPCR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Namkung
- Department of Medicine, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center (RI-MUHC), McGill University, Montréal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Christian LeGouill
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Sahil Kumar
- Department of Medicine, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center (RI-MUHC), McGill University, Montréal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Yubo Cao
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Larissa B Teixeira
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada.,Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Viktoriya Lukasheva
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Jenna Giubilaro
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Sarah C Simões
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Jean-Michel Longpré
- Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke and Department of Pharmacology-Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Dominic Devost
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Terence E Hébert
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Graciela Piñeyro
- Centre de Recherche de l'Hôpital Sainte-Justine, Montréal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Richard Leduc
- Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke and Department of Pharmacology-Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Claudio M Costa-Neto
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Michel Bouvier
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada.
| | - Stéphane A Laporte
- Department of Medicine, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center (RI-MUHC), McGill University, Montréal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada. .,Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada
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25
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MacDonald RJ, Yen A. CXCR5 overexpression in HL-60 cells enhances chemotaxis toward CXCL13 without anticipated interaction partners or enhanced MAPK signaling. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2018; 54:725-735. [PMID: 30276608 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-018-0293-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
CXCR5 is a serpentine receptor implicated in cell migration in lymphocytes and differentiation in leukocytes. It causes MAPK pathway activation and has known membrane partners for signaling. CXCR5 mRNA is reportedly expressed in neutrophils following isolation, but its role in this cellular context is unknown. CXCR5 is also expressed in HL-60 cells, a human acute myeloid leukemia line, following treatment with all-trans retinoic acid, which induces differentiation toward a neutrophil-like state. CXCR5 is necessary for this process; differentiation was crippled in CXCR5 knockout cells and enhanced in cells ectopically expressing it. Since CXCR5 has various membrane protein partners, we investigated whether CXCR5-driven all-trans retinoic acid-induced differentiation depends on its association with such partners. Pursuing this, we generated HL-60 cells overexpressing the protein. We found that CXCR5 drove migration toward its ligand, CXCL13, and probed for interactions with several candidates using flow cytometry-based Förster resonance energy transfer. Surprisingly, we did not detect interactions with any candidates, including three reported in other cellular contexts. Additionally, we observed no significant changes in all-trans retinoic acid-induced differentiation; this may be due to the stoichiometry of CXCR5 and partner receptors or CXCL13. The anticipated membrane partnerings were surprisingly apparently unnecessary for downstream CXCR5 signaling and all-trans retinoic acid-induced differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J MacDonald
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Research Tower T4008A, Box 11, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Andrew Yen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Research Tower T4008A, Box 11, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
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26
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Qorri B, Kalaydina RV, Velickovic A, Kaplya Y, Decarlo A, Szewczuk MR. Agonist-Biased Signaling via Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 Promotes Extracellular Matrix Remodeling. Cells 2018; 7:cells7090117. [PMID: 30149671 PMCID: PMC6162445 DOI: 10.3390/cells7090117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Revised: 08/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a highly dynamic noncellular structure that is crucial for maintaining tissue architecture and homeostasis. The dynamic nature of the ECM undergoes constant remodeling in response to stressors, tissue needs, and biochemical signals that are mediated primarily by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), which work to degrade and build up the ECM. Research on MMP-9 has demonstrated that this proteinase exists on the cell surface of many cell types in complex with G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), and receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) or Toll-like receptors (TLRs). Through a novel yet ubiquitous signaling platform, MMP-9 is found to play a crucial role not only in the direct remodeling of the ECM but also in the transactivation of associated receptors to mediate and recruit additional remodeling proteins. Here, we summarize the role of MMP-9 as it exists in a tripartite complex on the cell surface and discuss how its association with each of the TrkA receptor, Toll-like receptors, epidermal growth factor receptor, and the insulin receptor contributes to various aspects of ECM remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bessi Qorri
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada.
| | | | - Aleksandra Velickovic
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada.
| | - Yekatrina Kaplya
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada.
| | - Alexandria Decarlo
- Department of Biology, Biosciences Complex, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada.
| | - Myron R Szewczuk
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada.
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27
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Ma X, Xiong Y, Lee LTO. Application of Nanoparticles for Targeting G Protein-Coupled Receptors. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E2006. [PMID: 29996469 PMCID: PMC6073629 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19072006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) have attracted unequivocal attention in recent years due to their potential applications in therapeutics, bio-imaging and material sciences. For drug delivery, NP-based carrier systems offer several advantages over conventional methods. When conjugated with ligands and drugs (or other therapeutic molecules), administrated NPs are able to deliver cargo to targeted sites through ligand-receptor recognition. Such targeted delivery is especially important in cancer therapy. Through this targeted cancer nanotherapy, cancer cells are killed with higher specificity, while the healthy cells are spared. Furthermore, NP drug delivery leads to improved drug load, enhanced drug solubility and stability, and controlled drug release. G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are a superfamily of cell transmembrane receptors. They regulate a plethora of physiological processes through ligand-receptor-binding-induced signaling transduction. With recent evidence unveiling their roles in cancer, GPCR agonists and antagonists have quickly become new targets in cancer therapy. This review focuses on the application of some notable nanomaterials, such as dendrimers, quantum dots, gold nanoparticles, and magnetic nanoparticles, in GPCR-related cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Ma
- Centre of Reproduction Development and Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China.
| | - Yunfang Xiong
- Centre of Reproduction Development and Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China.
| | - Leo Tsz On Lee
- Centre of Reproduction Development and Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China.
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28
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Ågren R, Århem P, Nilsson J, Sahlholm K. The Beta-Arrestin-Biased Dopamine D2 Receptor Ligand, UNC9994, Is a Partial Agonist at G-Protein-Mediated Potassium Channel Activation. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2018; 21:1102-1108. [PMID: 29986044 PMCID: PMC6276031 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyy059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous evidence suggests that UNC9994 is a beta-arrestin2-selective agonist at the dopamine D2 receptor, lacking ability both to activate and antagonize G protein-dependent signaling. However, this has only been reported by one laboratory using a single assay. METHODS We used G protein-coupled inward rectifier potassium channel activation in Xenopus oocytes to investigate UNC9994-induced modulation of G protein-dependent signaling at dopamine D2 receptor and dopamine D3 receptor. RESULTS At dopamine D2 receptor, UNC9994 induced G protein-coupled inward rectifier potassium channel currents that were 15% of the maximal response to dopamine, with an EC50 of 185 nM. At dopamine D3 receptor, the ligand elicited 89% of the maximal dopamine response with an EC50 of 62 nM. Pertussis toxin abolished G protein-coupled inward rectifier potassium channel activation. Furthermore, UNC9994 antagonized dopamine-induced G protein-coupled inward rectifier potassium channel activation at dopamine D2 receptor. CONCLUSIONS UNC9994 modulates G protein-coupled inward rectifier potassium channel channel activation via pertussis toxin-sensitive G proteins at dopamine D2 receptor and dopamine D3 receptor. These findings may have implications for the interpretation of data obtained with this ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Ågren
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Århem
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johanna Nilsson
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kristoffer Sahlholm
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden,Correspondence: Kristoffer Sahlholm, PhD, Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Retzius väg 8, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden ()
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29
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Biased G protein-coupled receptor agonism mediates Neu1 sialidase and matrix metalloproteinase-9 crosstalk to induce transactivation of insulin receptor signaling. Cell Signal 2018; 43:71-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2017.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 11/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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30
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Michel MC, Charlton SJ. Biased Agonism in Drug Discovery-Is It Too Soon to Choose a Path? Mol Pharmacol 2018; 93:259-265. [PMID: 29326242 DOI: 10.1124/mol.117.110890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A single receptor can activate multiple signaling pathways that have distinct or even opposite effects on cell function. Biased agonists stabilize receptor conformations preferentially stimulating one of these pathways, and therefore allow a more targeted modulation of cell function and treatment of disease. Dedicated development of biased agonists has led to promising drug candidates in clinical development, such as the G protein-biased µ opioid receptor agonist oliceridine. However, leveraging the theoretical potential of biased agonism for drug discovery faces several challenges. Some of these challenges are technical, such as techniques for quantitative analysis of bias and development of suitable screening assays; others are more fundamental, such as the need to robustly identify in a very early phase which cell type harbors the cellular target of the drug candidate, which signaling pathway leads to the desired therapeutic effect, and how these pathways may be modulated in the disease to be treated. We conclude that biased agonism has potential mainly in the treatment of conditions with a well-understood pathophysiology; in contrast, it may increase effort and commercial risk under circumstances where the pathophysiology has been less well defined, as is the case with many highly innovative treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin C Michel
- Department of Pharmacology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany (M.C.M.); Department of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom (S.J.C.); and Excellerate Biosciences Ltd., MediCity, Nottingham, United Kingdom (S.J.C.)
| | - Steven J Charlton
- Department of Pharmacology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany (M.C.M.); Department of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom (S.J.C.); and Excellerate Biosciences Ltd., MediCity, Nottingham, United Kingdom (S.J.C.)
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