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Sinder SB, Sharma SV, Shirvaikar IS, Pradhyumnan H, Patel SH, Cabeda Diaz I, Perez GG, Bramlett HM, Raval AP. Impact of menopause-associated frailty on traumatic brain injury. Neurochem Int 2024; 176:105741. [PMID: 38621511 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2024.105741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Navigating menopause involves traversing a complex terrain of hormonal changes that extend far beyond reproductive consequences. Menopausal transition is characterized by a decrease in estradiol-17β (E2), and the impact of menopause resonates not only in the reproductive system but also through the central nervous system, musculoskeletal, and gastrointestinal domains. As women undergo menopausal transition, they become more susceptible to frailty, amplifying the risk and severity of injuries, including traumatic brain injury (TBI). Menopause triggers a cascade of changes leading to a decline in muscle mass, accompanied by diminished tone and excitability, thereby restricting the availability of irisin, a crucial hormone derived from muscles. Concurrently, bone mass undergoes reduction, culminating in the onset of osteoporosis and altering the dynamics of osteocalcin, a hormone originating from bones. The diminishing levels of E2 during menopause extend their influence on the gut microbiota, resulting in a reduction in the availability of tyrosine, tryptophan, and serotonin metabolites, affecting neurotransmitter synthesis and function. Understanding the interplay between menopause, frailty, E2 decline, and the intricate metabolisms of bone, gut, and muscle is imperative when unraveling the nuances of TBI after menopause. The current review underscores the significance of accounting for menopause-associated frailty in the incidence and consequences of TBI. The review also explores potential mechanisms to enhance gut, bone, and muscle health in menopausal women, aiming to mitigate frailty and improve TBI outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie B Sinder
- Peritz Scheinberg Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Laboratory (CVDRL), Department of Neurology, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Sabrina V Sharma
- Peritz Scheinberg Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Laboratory (CVDRL), Department of Neurology, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Isha S Shirvaikar
- Peritz Scheinberg Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Laboratory (CVDRL), Department of Neurology, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Hari Pradhyumnan
- Peritz Scheinberg Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Laboratory (CVDRL), Department of Neurology, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Shahil H Patel
- Peritz Scheinberg Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Laboratory (CVDRL), Department of Neurology, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Indy Cabeda Diaz
- Peritz Scheinberg Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Laboratory (CVDRL), Department of Neurology, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Gina G Perez
- Peritz Scheinberg Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Laboratory (CVDRL), Department of Neurology, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Helen M Bramlett
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA; The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA; Bruce W. Carter Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Ami P Raval
- Peritz Scheinberg Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Laboratory (CVDRL), Department of Neurology, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA; Bruce W. Carter Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Miami, FL, USA
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Kehmeier MN, Khurana A, Bedell BR, Cullen AE, Cannon AT, Henson GD, Walker AE. Effects of dietary soy content on cerebral artery function and behavior in ovariectomized female mice. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2024; 326:H636-H647. [PMID: 38156886 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00618.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
As females age, they transition through menopause, experiencing a decrease in estrogen and an increase in cardiovascular and neurodegenerative disease risk. Most standard rodent chows contain phytoestrogen-rich soybean meal, which can mimic the effects of estrogen. Understanding the impact of this soybean meal on vascular outcomes is crucial to proper experimental design. Thus, this study aimed to compare the effects of standard and soy-free chows on cerebral artery endothelial function and cognitive function in ovariectomized mice. Young female C57Bl/6J mice (n = 43; ∼6 mo) were randomly assigned to three groups: sham, ovariectomy (OVX), or ovariectomy on a diet containing soy (OVX + Soy). In posterior cerebral arteries, the OVX mice had a 27% lower maximal response to insulin compared with the sham mice. The OVX + Soy mice had a 27% greater maximal vasodilation to insulin compared with the OVX mice and there were no differences in vasodilation between the OVX + Soy and sham groups. The group differences in vasodilation were mediated by differences in nitric oxide bioavailability. The OVX + Soy mice also had greater insulin receptor gene expression in cerebral arteries compared with the OVX mice. However, no differences in aortic or cerebral artery stiffness were observed between groups. Interestingly, the OVX + Soy group scored better on nesting behavior compared with both sham and OVX groups. In summary, we found that ovariectomy impairs insulin-mediated vasodilation in cerebral arteries, but a diet containing soy mitigates these effects. These findings highlight the importance of considering dietary soy when performing vascular and behavioral tests in mice, particularly in females.NEW & NOTEWORTHY To properly design experiments, we must consider how variables like diet impact our outcomes, particularly the effects of soy on females. We found that cerebral artery vasodilation in response to insulin was impaired in ovariectomized female mice compared with intact shams. However, ovariectomized mice fed a soy diet had a preserved cerebral artery insulin-mediated vasodilation. These results highlight that the effects of diet on vascular function may explain inconsistencies found between studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mackenzie N Kehmeier
- Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States
| | - Aleena Khurana
- Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States
| | - Bradley R Bedell
- Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States
| | - Abigail E Cullen
- Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States
| | - Audrey T Cannon
- Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States
| | - Grant D Henson
- Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States
| | - Ashley E Walker
- Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States
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3
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Cross TWL, Simpson AMR, Lin CY, Hottmann NM, Bhatt AP, Pellock SJ, Nelson ER, Loman BR, Wallig MA, Vivas EI, Suchodolski J, Redinbo MR, Rey FE, Swanson KS. Gut microbiome responds to alteration in female sex hormone status and exacerbates metabolic dysfunction. Gut Microbes 2024; 16:2295429. [PMID: 38153260 PMCID: PMC10761013 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2295429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Women are at significantly greater risk of metabolic dysfunction after menopause, which subsequently leads to numerous chronic illnesses. The gut microbiome is associated with obesity and metabolic dysfunction, but its interaction with female sex hormone status and the resulting impact on host metabolism remains unclear. Herein, we characterized inflammatory and metabolic phenotypes as well as the gut microbiome associated with ovariectomy and high-fat diet feeding, compared to gonadal intact and low-fat diet controls. We then performed fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) using gnotobiotic mice to identify the impact of ovariectomy-associated gut microbiome on inflammatory and metabolic outcomes. We demonstrated that ovariectomy led to greater gastrointestinal permeability and inflammation of the gut and metabolic organs, and that a high-fat diet exacerbated these phenotypes. Ovariectomy also led to alteration of the gut microbiome, including greater fecal β-glucuronidase activity. However, differential changes in the gut microbiome only occurred when fed a low-fat diet, not the high-fat diet. Gnotobiotic mice that received the gut microbiome from ovariectomized mice fed the low-fat diet had greater weight gain and hepatic gene expression related to metabolic dysfunction and inflammation than those that received intact sham control-associated microbiome. These results indicate that the gut microbiome responds to alterations in female sex hormone status and contributes to metabolic dysfunction. Identifying and developing gut microbiome-targeted modulators to regulate sex hormones may be useful therapeutically in remediating menopause-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Wen L. Cross
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | | | - Ching-Yen Lin
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Natasha M. Hottmann
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Aadra P. Bhatt
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Samuel J. Pellock
- Departments of Biochemistry & Biophysics, Microbiology & Immunology, and The Integrated Program for Biological and Genome Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Erik R. Nelson
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology-Anticancer Discovery from Pets to People, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Brett R. Loman
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Matthew A. Wallig
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Eugenio I. Vivas
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jan Suchodolski
- Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Matthew R. Redinbo
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Departments of Biochemistry & Biophysics, Microbiology & Immunology, and The Integrated Program for Biological and Genome Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Federico E. Rey
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Kelly S. Swanson
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
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4
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Lee SH, Lim TJ, Yun EJ, Kim KH, Lim S. Anti-Menopausal Effect of Soybean Germ Extract and Lactobacillus gasseri in the Ovariectomized Rat Model. Nutrients 2023; 15:4485. [PMID: 37892560 PMCID: PMC10609938 DOI: 10.3390/nu15204485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Menopause is a significant phase in a woman's life. Menopausal symptoms can affect overall well-being and quality of life. Conventionally, hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is used to alleviate menopausal symptoms; however, depending on the conditions, HRT may lead to side effects, necessitating the exploration of alternative therapies with fewer side effects. In this study, we investigated the effects of a combination of soybean germ extract (S30) containing 30% (w/w) isoflavone and a probiotic, Lactobacillus gasseri (LGA1), on menopausal conditions in an ovariectomized (OVX) rat model. We evaluated the impact of S30+LGA on body weight, estrogen markers, uterine and bone health, vascular markers, and neurotransmitter levels. The results revealed that treatment with S30+LGA1 significantly improved body weight and uterine and bone health. Moreover, S30+LGA1 demonstrated promising effects on lipid profile, liver function, and vascular markers and positively impacted serotonin and norepinephrine levels, indicating potential mood-enhancing effects. In conclusion, S30+LGA1, possessing anti-menopausal effects in vitro and in vivo, can be recommended as a soy-based diet, which offers various health benefits, especially for menopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Hee Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea;
| | - Tae-Joong Lim
- R&D Center, Cell Biotech Co., Ltd., Gimpo 10003, Republic of Korea;
| | - Eun Ju Yun
- Division of Biotechnology, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea;
| | - Kyoung Heon Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea;
| | - Sanghyun Lim
- R&D Center, Cell Biotech Co., Ltd., Gimpo 10003, Republic of Korea;
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Witkowska AM, Salem JE. Pharmacological and Nutritional Modulation of Metabolome and Metagenome in Cardiometabolic Disorders. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1340. [PMID: 37759740 PMCID: PMC10526920 DOI: 10.3390/biom13091340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiometabolic disorders are major causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. A growing body of research indicates that the gut microbiota, whether it interacts favorably or not, plays an important role in host metabolism. Elucidating metabolic pathways may be crucial in preventing and treating cardiometabolic diseases, and omics methods are key to studying the interaction between the fecal microbiota and host metabolism. This review summarizes available studies that combine metabolomic and metagenomic approaches to describe the effects of drugs, diet, nutrients, and specific foods on cardiometabolic health and to identify potential targets for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Maria Witkowska
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Bialystok, Szpitalna 37, 15-295 Białystok, Poland
| | - Joe-Elie Salem
- Department of Pharmacology, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Clinical Investigation Center (CIC-1901), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Sorbonne Université, 75013 Paris, France;
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6
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Zhao C, Shi J, Shang D, Guo M, Zhou C, Zhao W. Protective effect of phytoestrogens on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in postmenopausal women. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1237845. [PMID: 37719855 PMCID: PMC10502324 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1237845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a progressive metabolic disease characterized by hepatic steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis that seriously endangers global public health. Epidemiological studies have shown that the incidence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in postmenopausal women has significantly increased. Studies have shown that estrogen deficiency is the main reason for this situation, and supplementing estrogen has become a new direction for preventing the occurrence of postmenopausal fatty liver. However, although classical estrogen replacement therapy can reduce the incidence of postmenopausal NAFLD, it has the risk of increasing stroke and cardiovascular diseases, so it is not suitable for the treatment of postmenopausal NAFLD. More and more recent studies have provided evidence that phytoestrogens are a promising method for the treatment of postmenopausal NAFLD. However, the mechanism of phytoestrogens in preventing and treating postmenopausal NAFLD is still unclear. This paper summarizes the clinical and basic research evidence of phytoestrogens and reviews the potential therapeutic effects of phytoestrogens in postmenopausal NAFLD from six angles: enhancing lipid metabolism in liver and adipose tissue, enhancing glucose metabolism, reducing oxidative stress, reducing the inflammatory response, regulating intestinal flora, and blocking liver fibrosis (Graphical Abstract).
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Affiliation(s)
- ChenLu Zhao
- First Clinical Medical College, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - JunHao Shi
- First Clinical Medical College, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - DongFang Shang
- Department of Digestive Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Min Guo
- Department of Digestive Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Cheng Zhou
- First Clinical Medical College, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - WenXia Zhao
- Department of Digestive Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
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Bastos TS, Souza CMM, Kaelle GCB, do Nascimento MQ, de Oliveira SG, Félix AP. Diet supplemented with Saccharomyces cerevisiae from different fermentation media modulates the faecal microbiota and the intestinal fermentative products in dogs. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2023. [PMID: 37129233 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed at evaluating the coefficients of total tract apparent digestibility (CTTAD) of nutrients, metabolisable energy (ME), diet palatability, faecal fermentative products and microbiota of dogs fed yeasts from different fermentation media and its fractions. Four diets were evaluated: control, without yeast (CO); diet with 10 g/kg brewer's yeast (BY); diet with 10 g/kg brewer's yeast + corn yeast (BCY); and diet with 10 g/kg BCY + cell wall fractions (BCYF). Twelve adult dogs were distributed in a randomized block design (periods). Each of the four diets was fed to a group of three dogs per period of 20 days, totalling two periods and six repetitions per treatment. Sixteen adult dogs were used for the palatability test, which compared the CO diet versus each one of the yeast diets. Data with normal distribution were subjected to analysis of variance (p < 0.05). Means were compared by orthogonal contrasts (p < 0.05): (A) CO diet versus BY, BCY and BCYF diets; (B) BY diet versus BCY and BCYF diets; (C) BCY diet versus BCYF diet. There was no difference in the CTTAD and ME of the diets (p > 0.05). Yeast diets reduced faecal odour and indole peak area (p < 0.05). Faecal short-chain fatty acids concentration was greater in dogs fed yeast diets compared to those fed the CO (p < 0.05). Yeast diets showed a higher intake ratio compared to the CO (p < 0.05). The BCY and BCYF diets resulted in a greater abundance of Bacteroides, Faecalibacterium, Coprococcus, and Phascolarctobacterium in relation to the CO (p < 0.05). Our results suggest that dietary yeast supplementation results in beneficial changes in intestinal functionality indicators, mainly with the combination of yeasts from brewers and corn fermentation media. In addition, yeast supplementation improves diet palatability without compromising nutrient digestibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taís Silvino Bastos
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Ananda Portella Félix
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
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8
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Farhat EK, Sher EK, Džidić-Krivić A, Banjari I, Sher F. Functional biotransformation of phytoestrogens by gut microbiota with impact on cancer treatment. J Nutr Biochem 2023; 118:109368. [PMID: 37100304 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2023.109368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
The human gut is a host for trillions of microorganisms, divided into more than 3000 heterogeneous species, which is called the gut microbiota. The gut microbiota composition can be altered by many different endogenous and exogenous factors, especially diet and nutrition. A diet rich in phytoestrogens, a variable group of chemical compounds similar to 17-β-estradiol (E2), the essential female steroid sex hormone is potent to change the composition of gut microbiota. However, the metabolism of phytoestrogens also highly depends on the action of enzymes produced by gut microbiota. Novel studies have shown that phytoestrogens could play an important role in the treatment of different types of cancers, such as breast cancer in women, due to their potential to decrease estrogen levels. This review aims to summarize recent findings about the lively dialogue between phytoestrogens and the gut microbiota and to address their possible future application, especially in treating patients with diagnosed breast cancer. A potential therapeutic approach for the prevention and improving outcomes in breast cancer patients could be based on targeted probiotic supplementation with the use of soy phytoestrogens. A positive effect of probiotics on the outcome and survival of patients with breast cancer has been established. However, more in vivo scientific studies are needed to pave the way for the use of probiotics and phytoestrogens in the clinical practice of breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esma Karahmet Farhat
- Department of Food and Nutrition Research, Faculty of Food Technology, Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Croatia; International Society of Engineering Science and Technology, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Emina Karahmet Sher
- Department of Biosciences, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, United Kingdom.
| | - Amina Džidić-Krivić
- International Society of Engineering Science and Technology, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Department of Oncology, Cantonal Hospital Zenica, Zenica, 72000, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Ines Banjari
- Department of Food and Nutrition Research, Faculty of Food Technology, Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Croatia
| | - Farooq Sher
- Department of Engineering, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, United Kingdom.
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Zhang T, Yue Y, Jeong SJ, Ryu MS, Wu X, Yang HJ, Li C, Jeong DY, Park S. Improvement of Estrogen Deficiency Symptoms by the Intake of Long-Term Fermented Soybeans (Doenjang) Rich in Bacillus Species through Modulating Gut Microbiota in Estrogen-Deficient Rats. Foods 2023; 12:foods12061143. [PMID: 36981070 PMCID: PMC10048008 DOI: 10.3390/foods12061143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditionally made doenjang (TMD) produced by the long-term fermentation of soybeans with salt may improve symptoms of estrogen deficiency. We aimed to evaluate the effects of four TMD types, containing low and high amounts of Bacillus species and biogenic amines (HBHA, HBLA, LBHA, and LBLA), on energy, glucose, and lipid metabolism, by altering the gut microbiota in estrogen-deficient ovariectomized (OVX) rats. Their mechanisms were also examined. The OVX rats were divided into the control, cooked soybean (CSB), HBHA, LBHA, HBLA, and LBLA groups. Sham-operated rats were the normal control group. Serum 17β-estradiol concentrations were similar among all OVX groups. Tail skin temperatures, which are indicative of hot flashes, were higher in the control than the HBHA and HBLA groups and were similar to the normal control group. Weight gain and visceral fat mass were lower in the TMD and CSB intake groups but not as low as in the normal control group. Lean body mass showed a trend opposite to that of visceral fat in the respective groups. The hepatic triglyceride content decreased with the TMD intake compared to the control and CSB groups. mRNA expressions of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) and carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 in the TMD and CSB groups were as high as in the normal control group, and the PPAR-γ mRNA expression was more elevated in the HBLA group than in the normal control group. The morphology of the intestines improved in the TMD groups compared to the control, and the HBHA and HBLA groups showed an enhanced improvement compared to the CSB group. The HBHA, HBLA, and LBHA groups increased the α-diversity of the cecal microbiota compared to the control. Akkermenia and Lactobacillus were higher in the HBLA and LBLA groups compared to the control. The expression of the estrogen, forkhead box proteins of the class-O subgroup, and insulin-signaling pathways were lower in the control group, and HBHA and HBLA prevented their decrement. In conclusion, long-term treatment with TMD containing high amounts of Bacillus potentially improves estrogen deficiency symptoms more than unfermented soybeans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhang
- Department of Bioconvergence, Hoseo University, 20 hoseoro79bun-gil, Baebang-yup, Asan 31499, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Yue
- Obesity/Diabetes Research Center, Department of Food and Nutrition, Hoseo University, Asan 31499, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Ji Jeong
- Sunchang Research Center for Fermentation Microbes, Department of R & D, Microbial Institute for Fermentation Industry, 61-27 Minsokmaeul-gil, Sunchang-Gun 56048, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeong-Seon Ryu
- Sunchang Research Center for Fermentation Microbes, Department of R & D, Microbial Institute for Fermentation Industry, 61-27 Minsokmaeul-gil, Sunchang-Gun 56048, Republic of Korea
| | - Xuangao Wu
- Department of Bioconvergence, Hoseo University, 20 hoseoro79bun-gil, Baebang-yup, Asan 31499, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Jong Yang
- Sunchang Research Center for Fermentation Microbes, Department of R & D, Microbial Institute for Fermentation Industry, 61-27 Minsokmaeul-gil, Sunchang-Gun 56048, Republic of Korea
| | - Chen Li
- Obesity/Diabetes Research Center, Department of Food and Nutrition, Hoseo University, Asan 31499, Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Youn Jeong
- Sunchang Research Center for Fermentation Microbes, Department of R & D, Microbial Institute for Fermentation Industry, 61-27 Minsokmaeul-gil, Sunchang-Gun 56048, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunmin Park
- Department of Bioconvergence, Hoseo University, 20 hoseoro79bun-gil, Baebang-yup, Asan 31499, Republic of Korea
- Obesity/Diabetes Research Center, Department of Food and Nutrition, Hoseo University, Asan 31499, Republic of Korea
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10
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Exercise and/or Genistein Do Not Revert 24-Week High-Fat, High-Sugar Diet-Induced Gut Microbiota Diversity Changes in Male C57BL/6J Adult Mice. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10112221. [PMID: 36363813 PMCID: PMC9693056 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10112221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota (GM) has been hypothesized to be a potential mediator in the health benefits of exercise and diet. The current literature is focused on the prevention effects of exercise and diet and could benefit from exploring whether these treatments alone or combined can treat obesity via the gut microbiome. This study aimed to explore the effects of genistein, exercise, and their synergistic effect to revert diet-induced obesity and gut microbiota changes. A total of 57 male adult C57BL/6 mice were randomized to 24 weeks of unpurified diet (chow) or a high-fat, high-sugar diet (HFD; 60% fat total energy). After the first 12 weeks, animals on the HFD were randomized into: HFD + chow, HFD, HFD + exercise (HFD + Exe), HFD + genistein (HFD + Gen), and HFD + Exe + Gen. We compared the body weight change between groups after 24 weeks. GM (α-diversity and ß-diversity) was profiled after sequencing the 16S rRNA gene by Illumina MiSeq. HFD + Exe + Gen significantly (p < 0.05) decreased weight gain relative to the HFD with only HFD + chow reverting the body weight change to that of chow. All diets including HFD reduced the GM richness (observed amplicon sequence variants) relative to chow with the HFD + Gen and HFD + Exe resulting in significantly lower phylogenetic diversity compared to the HFD. Data did not support an additive benefit to the GM for HFD + Gen + Exe. HFD + Exe + Gen showed a greater capacity to revert diet-induced obesity in adult male mice, but it was not as effective as switching from HFD to chow. Lifestyle treatment of HFD-induced obesity including exercise and genistein resulted in a reduction in weight gain and GM richness, but switching from HFD to chow had the greatest potential to revert these characteristics toward that of lean controls.
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Santhiravel S, Bekhit AEDA, Mendis E, Jacobs JL, Dunshea FR, Rajapakse N, Ponnampalam EN. The Impact of Plant Phytochemicals on the Gut Microbiota of Humans for a Balanced Life. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158124. [PMID: 35897699 PMCID: PMC9332059 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract of humans is a complex microbial ecosystem known as gut microbiota. The microbiota is involved in several critical physiological processes such as digestion, absorption, and related physiological functions and plays a crucial role in determining the host’s health. The habitual consumption of specific dietary components can impact beyond their nutritional benefits, altering gut microbiota diversity and function and could manipulate health. Phytochemicals are non-nutrient biologically active plant components that can modify the composition of gut microflora through selective stimulation of proliferation or inhibition of certain microbial communities in the intestine. Plants secrete these components, and they accumulate in the cell wall and cell sap compartments (body) for their development and survival. These compounds have low bioavailability and long time-retention in the intestine due to their poor absorption, resulting in beneficial impacts on gut microbiota population. Feeding diets containing phytochemicals to humans and animals may offer a path to improve the gut microbiome resulting in improved performance and/or health and wellbeing. This review discusses the effects of phytochemicals on the modulation of the gut microbiota environment and the resultant benefits to humans; however, the effect of phytochemicals on the gut microbiota of animals is also covered, in brief.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarusha Santhiravel
- Postgraduate Institute of Agriculture, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya 20400, Sri Lanka
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL A1C 5S7, Canada
| | - Alaa El-Din A Bekhit
- Department of Food Sciences, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Eresha Mendis
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya 20400, Sri Lanka
| | - Joe L Jacobs
- Animal Production Sciences, Agriculture Victoria Research, Department of Jobs, Precincts and Regions, Ellinbank, VIC 3821, Australia
- Centre for Agricultural Innovation, School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Frank R Dunshea
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Niranjan Rajapakse
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya 20400, Sri Lanka
| | - Eric N Ponnampalam
- Animal Production Sciences, Agriculture Victoria Research, Department of Jobs, Precincts and Regions, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia
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12
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The Gut Microbiota and Vascular Aging: A State-of-the-Art and Systematic Review of the Literature. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11123557. [PMID: 35743626 PMCID: PMC9224769 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11123557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota is a critical regulator of human physiology, deleterious changes to its composition and function (dysbiosis) have been linked to the development and progression of cardiovascular diseases. Vascular ageing (VA) is a process of progressive stiffening of the arterial tree associated with arterial wall remodeling, which can precede hypertension and organ damage, and is associated with cardiovascular risk. Arterial stiffness has become the preferred marker of VA. In our systematic review, we found an association between gut microbiota composition and arterial stiffness, with two patterns, in most animal and human studies: a direct correlation between arterial stiffness and abundances of bacteria associated with altered gut permeability and inflammation; an inverse relationship between arterial stiffness, microbiota diversity, and abundances of bacteria associated with most fit microbiota composition. Interventional studies were able to show a stable link between microbiota modification and arterial stiffness only in animals. None of the human interventional trials was able to demonstrate this relationship, and very few adjusted the analyses for determinants of arterial stiffness. We observed a lack of large randomized interventional trials in humans that test the role of gut microbiota modifications on arterial stiffness, and take into account BP and hemodynamic alterations.
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Medicinal Plants and Their Impact on the Gut Microbiome in Mental Health: A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14102111. [PMID: 35631252 PMCID: PMC9144835 DOI: 10.3390/nu14102111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Various neurocognitive and mental health-related conditions have been associated with the gut microbiome, implicating a microbiome–gut–brain axis (MGBA). The aim of this systematic review was to identify, categorize, and review clinical evidence supporting medicinal plants for the treatment of mental disorders and studies on their interactions with the gut microbiota. Methods: This review included medicinal plants for which clinical studies on depression, sleeping disorders, anxiety, or cognitive dysfunction as well as scientific evidence of interaction with the gut microbiome were available. The studies were reported using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. Results: Eighty-five studies met the inclusion criteria and covered thirty mental health-related medicinal plants with data on interaction with the gut microbiome. Conclusion: Only a few studies have been specifically designed to assess how herbal preparations affect MGBA-related targets or pathways. However, many studies provide hints of a possible interaction with the MGBA, such as an increased abundance of health-beneficial microorganisms, anti-inflammatory effects, or MGBA-related pathway effects by gut microbial metabolites. Data for Panax ginseng, Schisandra chinensis, and Salvia rosmarinus indicate that the interaction of their constituents with the gut microbiota could mediate mental health benefits. Studies specifically assessing the effects on MGBA-related pathways are still required for most medicinal plants.
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14
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Zhu YY, Thakur K, Feng JY, Zhang JG, Hu F, Cespedes-Acuña CL, Liao C, Wei ZJ. Riboflavin Bioenriched Soymilk Alleviates Oxidative Stress Mediated Liver Injury, Intestinal Inflammation, and Gut Microbiota Modification in B 2 Depletion-Repletion Mice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:3818-3831. [PMID: 35302755 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c00117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological evidence emphasizes that ariboflavinosis can lead to oxidative stress, which in turn may mediate the initiation and progression of liver injury and intestinal inflammation. Although vitamin B2 has gained worldwide attention for its antioxidant defense, the relationship between B2 status, oxidative stress, inflammatory response, and intestinal homeostasis remains indistinct. Herein, we developed a B2 depletion-repletion BALB/c mice model to investigate the ameliorative effects of B2 bioenriched fermented soymilk (B2FS) on ariboflavinosis, accompanied by oxidative stress, inflammation, and gut microbiota modulation in response to B2 deficiency. In vivo results revealed that the phenotypic ariboflavinosis symptoms, growth rate, EGRAC status, and hepatic function reverted to normal after B2FS supplementation. B2FS significantly elevated CAT, SOD, T-AOC, and compromised MDA levels in the serum, simultaneously up-regulated Nrf2, CAT, and SOD2, and down-regulated Keap1 gene in the colon. The histopathological characteristics revealed significant alleviation in the liver and intestinal inflammation, confirmed by the downregulation of inflammatory (IL-1β and IL-6) and nuclear transcription (NF-κB) factors after B2FS supplementation. B2FS also increased the abundance and diversity of gut microbiota, increased the relative abundance of Prevotella and Absiella, as well as decreased Proteobacteria, Fusobacteria, Synergistetes, and Cyanobacteria in strong conjunction with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory properties, and gut homeostasis along with the remarkable increase in cecal SCFAs content. We hereby reveal that B2FS can effectively alleviate deleterious ariboflavinosis associated with oxidative stress mediated liver injury, chronic intestinal inflammation, and gut dysbiosis in the B2 depletion-repletion mice model via activation of the Nrf2 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Yang Zhu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, People's Republic of China
| | - Kiran Thakur
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, People's Republic of China
- School of Biological Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Production and Safety, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Yu Feng
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Guo Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, People's Republic of China
- School of Biological Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Production and Safety, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Hu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, People's Republic of China
- School of Biological Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Production and Safety, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, People's Republic of China
| | - Carlos L Cespedes-Acuña
- Department of Basic Sciences, Research Group in Chemistry and Biotechnology of Bioactive Natural Products, Faculty of Sciences, University of Bio-Bío, Andrés Bello Avenue, Chillan 3800708, Chile
| | - Chenzhong Liao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao-Jun Wei
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, People's Republic of China
- School of Biological Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Production and Safety, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, People's Republic of China
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15
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Alsahly MB, Zakari MO, Koch LG, Britton S, Katwa LC, Fisher-Wellman K, Lust RM. Augmented Cardiac Mitochondrial Capacity in High Capacity Aerobic Running "Disease-Resistant" Phenotype at Rest Is Lost Following Ischemia Reperfusion. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:752640. [PMID: 34805308 PMCID: PMC8595288 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.752640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Regular active exercise is considered therapeutic for cardiovascular disease, in part by increasing mitochondrial respiratory capacity, but a significant amount of exercise capacity is determined genetically. Animal models, demonstrating either high capacity aerobic running (HCR) or low capacity aerobic running (LCR) phenotypes, have been developed to study the intrinsic contribution, with HCR rats subsequently characterized as "disease resistant" and the LCRs as "disease prone." Enhanced cardioprotection in HCRs has been variable and mutifactoral, but likely includes a metabolic component. These studies were conducted to determine the influence of intrinsic aerobic phenotype on cardiac mitochondrial function before and after ischemia and reperfusion. Methods: A total of 34 HCR and LCR rats were obtained from the parent colony at the University of Toledo, housed under sedentary conditions, and fed normal chow. LCR and HCR animals were randomly assigned to either control or ischemia-reperfusion (IR). On each study day, one HCR/LCR pair was anesthetized, and hearts were rapidly excised. In IR animals, the hearts were immediately flushed with iced hyperkalemic, hyperosmotic, cardioplegia solution, and subjected to global hypothermic ischemic arrest (80 min). Following the arrest, the hearts underwent warm reperfusion (120 min) using a Langendorff perfusion system. Following reperfusion, the heart was weighed and the left ventricle (LV) was isolated. A midventricular ring was obtained to estimate infarction size [triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC)] and part of the remaining tissue (~150 mg) was transferred to a homogenation buffer on ice. Isolated mitochondria (MITO) samples were prepared and used to determine respiratory capacity under different metabolic conditions. In control animals, MITO were obtained and prepared similarly immediately following anesthesia and heart removal, but without IR. Results: In the control rats, both resting and maximally stimulated respiratory rates were higher (32 and 40%, respectively; p < 0.05) in HCR mitochondria compared to LCR. After IR, resting MITO respiratory rates were decreased to about 10% of control in both strains, and the augmented capacity in HCRs was absent. Maximally stimulated rates also were decreased more than 50% from control and were no longer different between phenotypes. Ca++ retention capacity and infarct size were not significantly different between HCR and LCR (49.2 ± 5.6 vs. 53.7 ± 4.9%), nor was average coronary flow during reperfusion or arrhythmogenesis. There was a significant loss of mitochondria following IR, which was coupled with decreased function in the remaining mitochondria in both strains. Conclusion: Cardiac mitochondrial capacity from HCR was significantly higher than LCR in the controls under each condition. After IR insult, the cardiac mitochondrial respiratory rates were similar between phenotypes, as was Ca++ retention capacity, infarct size, and arrhythmogenicity, despite the increased mitochondrial capacity in the HCRs before ischemia. Relatively, the loss of respiratory capacity was actually greater in HCR than LCR. These data could suggest limits in the extent to which the HCR phenotype might be "protective" against acute tissue stressors. The extent to which any of these deficits could be "rescued" by adding an active exercise component to the intrinsic phenotype is unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Musaad B. Alsahly
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Center, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
| | - Madaniah O. Zakari
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lauren G. Koch
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Taibah University, Medina, Saudi Arabia
| | - Steven Britton
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Laxmansa C. Katwa
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
| | - Kelsey Fisher-Wellman
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
- Departments of Anesthesiology and Molecular and Integrative Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Robert M. Lust
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
- Departments of Anesthesiology and Molecular and Integrative Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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16
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Tamura M, Watanabe J, Hori S, Inose A, Kubo Y, Noguchi T, Nishikawa T, Ikezawa M, Araki R, Kobori M. Effects of a high-γ-polyglutamic acid-containing natto diet on liver lipids and cecal microbiota of adult female mice. BIOSCIENCE OF MICROBIOTA FOOD AND HEALTH 2021; 40:176-185. [PMID: 34631329 PMCID: PMC8484009 DOI: 10.12938/bmfh.2020-061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Natto is a traditional Japanese fermented soy product high in γ-polyglutamic acid (γ-PGA), whose beneficial effects have been reported. We prepared high-γ-PGA natto and compared the dietary influence on liver lipids and cecal microbiota in mice fed a diet containing it or a standard diet. The mice were served a 30% high-γ-PGA natto diet (PGA group) or standard diet (Con group) for 28 days. Liver lipids, fecal lipids, and fecal bile acids were quantified. Cecal microbiota were analyzed by PCR amplification of the V3 and V4 regions of 16S rRNA genes and sequenced using a MiSeq System. Additionally, the cecal short-chain fatty acid profile was assessed. The results revealed that the liver lipid and triglyceride contents were significantly lower (p<0.01) and amounts of bile acids and lipids in the feces were significantly higher in the PGA group than in the Con group. The cecal butyric acid concentration was observed to be significantly higher in the PGA group than in the Con group. Principal component analysis of the cecal microbiota revealed that the PGA and Con groups were distinct. The ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes was found to be significantly low in the PGA mice. The results revealed a significantly higher relative abundance of Lachnospiraceae (p<0.05) and significantly lower relative abundance of Coriobacteriaceae (p<0.01) in the PGA group. Analysis of the correlation between bacterial abundance and liver lipids, cecal short-chain fatty acids, fecal lipids, and fecal bile acids suggested that intestinal microbiota can be categorized into different types based on lipid metabolism. Hepatic lipid accumulation typically facilitates the onset of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Our findings suggest that high-γ-PGA natto is a beneficial dietary component for the prevention of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motoi Tamura
- Food Research Institute of the National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 2-1-12 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8642, Japan
| | - Jun Watanabe
- Food Research Institute of the National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 2-1-12 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8642, Japan.,Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Sachiko Hori
- Food Research Institute of the National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 2-1-12 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8642, Japan
| | - Atsuko Inose
- Food Research Institute of the National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 2-1-12 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8642, Japan
| | - Yuji Kubo
- Industrial Technology Innovation Center of Ibaraki Prefecture, 3781-1 Nagaoka, Ibaraki-machi, Higashi-ibaraki-gun, Ibaraki 311-3116, Japan
| | - Tomotsugu Noguchi
- Industrial Technology Innovation Center of Ibaraki Prefecture, 3781-1 Nagaoka, Ibaraki-machi, Higashi-ibaraki-gun, Ibaraki 311-3116, Japan
| | | | - Masaya Ikezawa
- Takanofoods Co., Ltd., 1542 Noda, Omitama, Ibaraki 311-3411, Japan
| | - Risa Araki
- Department of Clinical and Translational Research Methodology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
| | - Masuko Kobori
- Food Research Institute of the National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 2-1-12 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8642, Japan
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Cudrania tricuspidata Combined with Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus Modulate Gut Microbiota and Alleviate Obesity-Associated Metabolic Parameters in Obese Mice. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9091908. [PMID: 34576802 PMCID: PMC8468176 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9091908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the presented study was to investigate the synbiotic effects of L. rhamnosus 4B15 and C. tricuspidata extract administration on the gut microbiota and obesity-associated metabolic parameters in diet-induced obese mice. Thirty-one 6-week-old male C57BL/N6 mice were divided into five diet groups: normal diet (ND, n = 7) group; high-fat diet (HFD, n = 6) group; probiotic (PRO, n = 5) group; prebiotic (PRE, n = 7) group; and synbiotic (SYN, n = 6) group. After 10 weeks, the percent of fat mass, serum triglyceride, and ALT levels were significantly reduced in SYN-fed obese mice, compared with other treatments. SYN treatment also modulated the abundance of Desulfovibrio, Dorea, Adlercreutzia, Allobaculum, Coprococcus, unclassified Clostridiaceae, Lactobacillus, Helicobacter, Flexispira, Odoribacter, Ruminococcus, unclassified Erysipelotrichaceae, and unclassified Desulfovibrionaceae. These taxa showed a strong correlation with obesity-associated indices. Lastly, the SYN-supplemented diet upregulated metabolic pathways known to improve metabolic health. Further investigations are needed to understand the mechanisms driving the synbiotic effect of C. tricuspidata and L. rhamnosus 4B15.
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18
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Impact of food-derived bioactive peptides on gut function and health. Food Res Int 2021; 147:110485. [PMID: 34399481 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract (GIT) is the largest interface between our body and the environment. It is an organ system extending from the mouth to the anus and functions for food intake, digestion, transport and absorption of nutrients, meanwhile providing protection from environmental factors, like toxins, antigens, and pathogens. Diet is one of the leading factors modulating the function of the GIT. Bioactive peptides presenting naturally in food or derived from food proteins during digestion or processing have been revealed multifunctional in diverse biological processes, including maintaining gut health and function. This review summarizes the available evidence regarding the effects of food-derived bioactive peptides on gut function and health. Findings and insights from studies based on in vitro and animal models are discussed. The gastrointestinal mucosa maintains a delicate balance between immune tolerance to nutrients and harmful components, which is crucial for the digestive system's normal functions. Dietary bioactive peptides positively impact gastrointestinal homeostasis by modulating the barrier function, immune responses, and gut microbiota. However, there is limited clinical evidence on the safety and efficacy of bioactive peptides, much less on the applications of dietary peptides for the treatment or prevention of diseases related to the GIT. Further study is warranted to establish the applications of bioactive peptides in regulating gut health and function.
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19
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Alexander C, Cross TWL, Lee AH, Ly LK, Vieson MD, Ridlon JM, Nelson ER, Swanson KS. Development of a novel model of cholecystectomy in subsequently ovariectomized mice and characterization of metabolic and gastrointestinal phenotypes: a pilot study. BMC Gastroenterol 2021; 21:62. [PMID: 33573601 PMCID: PMC7879663 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-021-01648-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cholecystectomy (XGB) is the most common abdominal surgery performed in the United States and is associated with an increased post-surgery incidence of metabolic and gastrointestinal (GI) diseases. Two main risk factors for XGB are sex (female) and age (40–50 yr), corresponding with onset of menopause. Post-menopausal estrogen loss alone facilitates metabolic dysfunction, but the effects of XGB on metabolic and GI health have yet to be investigated in this population. Study objectives were to (1) identify possible short-term effects of XGB and (2) develop a novel murine model of XGB in human menopause via subsequent ovariectomy (OVX) and assess longitudinal effects of OVX on metabolism, GI physiology, and GI microbiota in XGB mice. Methods Female C57BL/6 mice were utilized in two parallel studies (S1&S2). In S1, XGB mice were compared to a non-XGB baseline group after six wk. In S2, mice were XGB at wk0, either sham (SHM) or OVX at wk6, and sacrificed at wk12, wk18, and wk24. Body composition assessment and fresh fecal collections were conducted periodically. Serum and tissues were collected at sacrifice for metabolic and GI health endpoints. Results Compared to baseline, XGB increased hepatic CYP7A1 and decreased HMGCR relative expression, but did not influence BW, fat mass, or hepatic triglycerides after six wk. In S2, XGB/OVX mice had greater BW and fat mass than XGB/SHM. Cecal microbiota alpha diversity metrics were lower in XGB/OVX mice at wk24 compared the XGB/SHM. No consistent longitudinal patterns in fasting serum lipids, fecal microbial diversity, and GI gene expression were observed between S2 groups. Conclusions In addition to developing a novel, clinically-representative model of XGB and subsequent OVX, our results suggest that OVX resulted in the expected phenotype to some extent, but that XGB may modify or mask some responses and requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celeste Alexander
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1207 W Gregory Dr, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
| | - Tzu-Wen L Cross
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1207 W Gregory Dr, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Anne H Lee
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Lindsey K Ly
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1207 W Gregory Dr, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Miranda D Vieson
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Jason M Ridlon
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1207 W Gregory Dr, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.,Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.,Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.,Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, Anticancer Discovery from Pets to People Theme, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, IL, Urbana, USA
| | - Erik R Nelson
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1207 W Gregory Dr, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.,Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.,Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, Anticancer Discovery from Pets to People Theme, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, IL, Urbana, USA.,Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.,University of Illinois Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kelly S Swanson
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1207 W Gregory Dr, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA. .,Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
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20
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Exercise and/or Genistein Treatment Impact Gut Microbiota and Inflammation after 12 Weeks on a High-Fat, High-Sugar Diet in C57BL/6 Mice. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12113410. [PMID: 33172007 PMCID: PMC7694625 DOI: 10.3390/nu12113410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Genistein (Gen) and exercise (Exe) have been postulated as potential strategies to ameliorate obesity, inflammation, and gut microbiota (GM) with promising results. However, the impact of the combination of both Exe and Gen is yet to be investigated. We aimed to analyze the impacts of Exe, Gen, and their combined effects on GM and inflammation in mice after a 12-week high-fat, high-sugar diet (HFD). Eighty-three C57BL/6 mice were randomized to control, HFD, HFD + Exe, HFD + Gen, or HFD + Exe + Gen. The V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene was analyzed with Illumina MiSeq. Serum samples were used to analyze interleukin (Il)-6 and Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha (TNF-alpha). The HFD + Exe and HFD + Exe + Gen treatments resulted in significantly greater microbial richness compared to HFD. All the treatments had a significantly different impact on the GM community structure. Ruminococcus was significantly more abundant after the HFD + Exe + Gen treatment when compared to all the other HFD groups. Exe + Gen resulted in serum Il-6 concentrations similar to that of controls. TNF-alpha concentrations did not differ by treatment. Overall, Exe had a positive impact on microbial richness, and Ruminococcus might be the driving bacteria for the GM structure differences. Exe + Gen may be an effective treatment for preventing HFD-induced inflammation.
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Shah RD, Tang ZZ, Chen G, Huang S, Ferguson JF. Soy food intake associates with changes in the metabolome and reduced blood pressure in a gut microbiota dependent manner. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2020; 30:1500-1511. [PMID: 32620337 PMCID: PMC7483644 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2020.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Consumption of soy foods has been associated with protection against cardiometabolic disease, but the mechanisms are incompletely understood. We hypothesized that habitual soy food consumption associates with gut microbiome composition, metabolite production, and the interaction between diet, microbiota and metabolites. METHODS AND RESULTS We analyzed dietary soy intake, plasma and stool metabolites, and gut microbiome data from two independent cross-sectional samples of healthy US individuals (N = 75 lean or overweight, and N = 29 obese). Habitual soy intake associated with several circulating metabolites. There was a significant interaction between soy intake and gut microbiome composition, as defined by gut enterotype, on metabolites in plasma and stool. Soy consumption associated with reduced systolic blood pressure, but only in a subset of individuals defined by their gut microbiome enterotype, suggesting that responsiveness to soy may be dependent on microbiome composition. Soy intake was associated with differences in specific microbial taxa, including two taxa mapping to genus Dialister and Prevotella which appeared to be suppressed by high soy intake We identified context-dependent effects of these taxa, where presence of Prevotella was associated with higher blood pressure and a worse cardiometabolic profile, but only in the absence of Dialister. CONCLUSIONS The gut microbiome is an important intermediate in the interplay between dietary soy intake and systemic metabolism. Consumption of soy foods may shape the microbiome by suppressing specific taxa, and may protect against hypertension only in individuals with soy-responsive microbiota. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRY NCT02010359 at clinicaltrials.gov.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachana D Shah
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Zheng-Zheng Tang
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Guanhua Chen
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Shi Huang
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt Translational and Clinical Cardiovascular Research Center (VTRACC), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jane F Ferguson
- Vanderbilt Translational and Clinical Cardiovascular Research Center (VTRACC), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
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22
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Guo TL, Chen Y, Xu HS, McDonough CM, Huang G. Gut microbiome in neuroendocrine and neuroimmune interactions: The case of genistein. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2020; 402:115130. [PMID: 32673657 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2020.115130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The healthy and diverse microbes living in our gut provide numerous benefits to our health. It is increasingly recognized that the gut microbiome affects the host's neurobehavioral state through production of metabolites, modulation of intestinal immunity (e.g., cytokines) and other mechanisms (e.g., gut neuropeptides). By sending the sensed information (e.g., metabolic and immunologic mediators) about the state of the inner organs to the brain via afferent fibers, the vagus nerve maintains one of the connections between the brain and GI tract, and oversees many critical bodily functions (e.g., mood, immune response, digestion and heart rate). The microbiota-gut-brain axis is a bidirectional communication between the gut, its microbiome, and the nervous system. In the present review, the roles of microbiome in neuroendocrine and neuroimmune interactions have been discussed using naturally occurring isoflavones, particularly the phytoestrogen genistein, as there are sex differences in the interactions among the microbiome, hormones, immunity and disease susceptibility. A deep understanding of the mechanisms underlying the interactions among the endocrine modulators, brain, endocrine glands, gut immune cells, vagus nerve, enteric nervous system and gut microbiome will provide important knowledges that may ultimately lead to treatment and prevention of debilitating disorders characterized by deficits of microbiome-neuroendocrine-neuroimmune relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tai L Guo
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Diagnostic Imaging, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
| | - Yingjia Chen
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Diagnostic Imaging, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Hannah Shibo Xu
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Diagnostic Imaging, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Callie M McDonough
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Diagnostic Imaging, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
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23
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Kaur S, Sarma SJ, Marshall BL, Liu Y, Kinkade JA, Bellamy MM, Mao J, Helferich WG, Schenk AK, Bivens NJ, Lei Z, Sumner LW, Bowden JA, Koelmel JP, Joshi T, Rosenfeld CS. Developmental exposure of California mice to endocrine disrupting chemicals and potential effects on the microbiome-gut-brain axis at adulthood. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10902. [PMID: 32616744 PMCID: PMC7331640 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67709-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Xenoestrogens are chemicals found in plant products, such as genistein (GEN), and in industrial chemicals, e.g., bisphenol A (BPA), present in plastics and other products that are prevalent in the environment. Early exposure to such endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDC) may affect brain development by directly disrupting neural programming and/or through the microbiome-gut-brain axis. To test this hypothesis, California mice (Peromyscus californicus) offspring were exposed through the maternal diet to GEN (250 mg/kg feed weight) or BPA (5 mg/kg feed weight, low dose- LD or 50 mg/kg, upper dose-UD), and dams were placed on these diets two weeks prior to breeding, throughout gestation, and lactation. Various behaviors, gut microbiota, and fecal metabolome were assessed at 90 days of age. The LD but not UD of BPA exposure resulted in individuals spending more time engaging in repetitive behaviors. GEN exposed individuals were more likely to exhibit such behaviors and showed socio-communicative disturbances. BPA and GEN exposed females had increased number of metabolites involved in carbohydrate metabolism and synthesis. Males exposed to BPA or GEN showed alterations in lysine degradation and phenylalanine and tyrosine metabolism. Current findings indicate cause for concern that developmental exposure to BPA or GEN might affect the microbiome-gut-brain axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarabjit Kaur
- Christopher S Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.,Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Saurav J Sarma
- Christopher S Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.,MU Metabolomics Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Brittney L Marshall
- Christopher S Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.,Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Yang Liu
- Christopher S Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.,MU Institute of Data Science and Informatics, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Jessica A Kinkade
- Christopher S Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.,Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Madison M Bellamy
- Christopher S Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.,Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Jiude Mao
- Christopher S Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.,Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - William G Helferich
- Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | | | - Nathan J Bivens
- DNA Core Facility, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Zhentian Lei
- Christopher S Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.,MU Metabolomics Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Lloyd W Sumner
- Christopher S Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.,MU Metabolomics Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - John A Bowden
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.,Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Jeremy P Koelmel
- Environmental Health Sciences, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Trupti Joshi
- Christopher S Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.,MU Institute of Data Science and Informatics, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.,Department of Health Management and Informatics, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Cheryl S Rosenfeld
- Christopher S Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA. .,Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA. .,MU Institute of Data Science and Informatics, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA. .,Thompson Center for Autism and Neurobehavioral Disorders, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA. .,Genetics Area Program, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
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24
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Revealing links between gut microbiome and its fungal community in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus among Emirati subjects: A pilot study. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9624. [PMID: 32541680 PMCID: PMC7295773 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66598-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) drastically affects the population of Middle East countries with an ever-increasing number of overweight and obese individuals. The precise links between T2DM and gut microbiome composition remain elusive in these populations. Here, we performed 16 S rRNA and ITS2- gene based microbial profiling of 50 stool samples from Emirati adults with or without T2DM. The four major enterotypes initially described in westernized cohorts were retrieved in this Emirati population. T2DM and non-T2DM healthy controls had different microbiome compositions, with an enrichment in Prevotella enterotype in non-T2DM controls whereas T2DM individuals had a higher proportion of the dysbiotic Bacteroides 2 enterotype. No significant differences in microbial diversity were observed in T2DM individuals after controlling for cofounding factors, contrasting with reports from westernized cohorts. Interestingly, fungal diversity was significantly decreased in Bacteroides 2 enterotype. Functional profiling from 16 S rRNA gene data showed marked differences between T2DM and non-T2DM controls, with an enrichment in amino acid degradation and LPS-related modules in T2DM individuals, whereas non-T2DM controls had increased abundance of carbohydrate degradation modules in concordance with enterotype composition. These differences provide an insight into gut microbiome composition in Emirati population and its potential role in the development of diabetes mellitus.
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25
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Calcium Oxalate Nephrolithiasis and Gut Microbiota: Not just a Gut-Kidney Axis. A Nutritional Perspective. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12020548. [PMID: 32093202 PMCID: PMC7071363 DOI: 10.3390/nu12020548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that patients with kidney stone disease, and particularly calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis, exhibit dysbiosis in their fecal and urinary microbiota compared with controls. The alterations of microbiota go far beyond the simple presence and representation of Oxalobacter formigenes, a well-known symbiont exhibiting a marked capacity of degrading dietary oxalate and stimulating oxalate secretion by the gut mucosa. Thus, alterations of the intestinal microbiota may be involved in the pathophysiology of calcium kidney stones. However, the role of nutrition in this gut-kidney axis is still unknown, even if nutritional imbalances, such as poor hydration, high salt, and animal protein intake and reduced fruit and vegetable intake, are well-known risk factors for kidney stones. In this narrative review, we provide an overview of the gut-kidney axis in nephrolithiasis from a nutritional perspective, summarizing the evidence supporting the role of nutrition in the modulation of microbiota composition, and their relevance for the modulation of lithogenic risk.
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26
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Cha KH, Kim KA, Kang SW, Alam ST, Jin JB, Yoo G, Jung SH, Pan CH, Kang K. Small black bean (Rhynchosia volubilis) extract ameliorates gut microbial and metabolic perturbation in ovariectomized mice. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.103415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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27
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Rosenfeld CS. Effects of Phytoestrogens on the Developing Brain, Gut Microbiota, and Risk for Neurobehavioral Disorders. Front Nutr 2019; 6:142. [PMID: 31555657 PMCID: PMC6727358 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2019.00142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Many pregnant and nursing women consume high amounts of soy and other plant products that contain phytoestrogens, such as genistein (GEN) and daidzein. Infants may also be provided soy based formulas. With their ability to bind and activate estrogen receptors (ESR) in the brain, such compounds can disrupt normal brain programming and lead to later neurobehavioral disruptions. However, other studies suggest that maternal consumption of soy and soy based formulas containing such phytoestrogens might lead to beneficial behavioral effects. Select gut microbes might also convert daidzein and to a lesser extent genistein to even more potent forms, e.g., equol derivatives. Thus, infant exposure to phytoestrogens may result in contrasting effects dependent upon the gut flora. It is also becoming apparent that consumption or exposure to these xenoestrogens may lead to gut dysbiosis. Phytoestrogen-induced changes in gut bacteria might in turn affect the brain through various mechanisms. This review will consider the evidence to date in rodent and other animal models and human epidemiological data as to whether developmental exposure to phytoestrogens, in particular genistein and daidzein, adversely or beneficially impact offspring neurobehavioral programming. Consideration will be given to potential mechanisms by which such compounds might affect neurobehavioral responses. A better understanding of effects perinatal exposure to phytoestrogen can exert on brain programming will permit pregnant women and those seeking to become pregnant to make better-educated choices. If phytoestrogen-induced gut dysbiosis contributes to neurobehavioral disruptions, remediation strategies may be designed to prevent such gut microbiota alterations and thereby improve neurobehavioral outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl S. Rosenfeld
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- MU Informatics Institute, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Thompson Center for Autism and Neurobehavioral Disorders, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Genetics Area Program, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
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28
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Guo B, Yang B, Pang X, Chen T, Chen F, Cheng KW. Fucoxanthin modulates cecal and fecal microbiota differently based on diet. Food Funct 2019; 10:5644-5655. [PMID: 31433413 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo01018a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a major health concern worldwide and is considered to be associated with disruption of host-microbial homeostasis, especially microbiota composition in the gastrointestinal tract. Use of microbiota-directed foods or nutraceuticals therefore represents a promising approach for the control of obesity. Fucoxanthin, a marine carotenoid, has been proven to be one of the most effective anti-obesity natural products. However, its action mechanism is yet to be unraveled, especially with respect to its role in the modulation of gut microbiota composition. In the present study, profiles of microbiota in both the cecal and fecal samples from BALB/c mice given respectively the following treatments were examined: normal chow diet (NCD), NCD + fucoxanthin (NCDF), high-fat-diet (HFD), and HFD + fucoxanthin (HFDF). The results showed that fucoxanthin supplementation for 4 weeks significantly changed the composition of both cecal and fecal microbiota. In addition, a differential effect was observed between the supplementation to NCD and to HFD. The changes in the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio and the abundance of S24-7 and Akkermansia were identified to be among the major gut microbiota modulating events associated with the anti-obesity bioactivity of fucoxanthin. Hence, our results suggested that fucoxanthin could be a promising microbiota-targeted functional-food ingredient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingbing Guo
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China. and College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China and Institute for Food and Bioresource Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Bo Yang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Xiaoyang Pang
- Institute of Agro-Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, China
| | - Tianpeng Chen
- Institute for Food and Bioresource Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China. and Institute for Food and Bioresource Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Ka-Wing Cheng
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China.
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29
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Marshall BL, Liu Y, Farrington MJ, Mao J, Helferich WG, Schenk AK, Bivens NJ, Sarma SJ, Lei Z, Sumner LW, Joshi T, Rosenfeld CS. Early genistein exposure of California mice and effects on the gut microbiota-brain axis. J Endocrinol 2019; 242:139-157. [PMID: 31189133 PMCID: PMC6885123 DOI: 10.1530/joe-19-0214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Human offspring encounter high amounts of phytoestrogens, such as genistein (GEN), through maternal diet and soy-based formulas. Such chemicals can exert estrogenic activity and thereby disrupt neurobehavioral programming. Besides inducing direct host effects, GEN might cause gut dysbiosis and alter gut metabolites. To determine whether exposure to GEN affects these parameters, California mice (Peromyscus californicus) dams were placed 2 weeks prior to breeding and throughout gestation and lactation on a diet supplemented with GEN (250 mg/kg feed weight) or AIN93G phytoestrogen-free control diet (AIN). At weaning, offspring socio-communicative behaviors, gut microbiota and metabolite profiles were assayed. Exposure of offspring to GEN-induced sex-dependent changes in gut microbiota and metabolites. GEN exposed females were less likely to investigate a novel female mouse when tested in a three-chamber social test. When isolated, GEN males and females exhibited increased latency to elicit their first call, suggestive of reduced motivation to communicate with other individuals. Correlation analyses revealed interactions between GEN-induced microbiome, metabolome and socio-communicative behaviors. Comparison of GEN males with AIN males revealed the fraction of calls above 20 kHz was associated with daidzein, α-tocopherol, Flexispira spp. and Odoribacter spp. Results suggest early GEN exposure disrupts normal socio-communicative behaviors in California mice, which are otherwise evident in these social rodents. Such effects may be due to GEN disruptions on neural programming but might also be attributed to GEN-induced microbiota shifts and resultant changes in gut metabolites. Findings indicate cause for concern that perinatal exposure to GEN may detrimentally affect the offspring microbiome-gut-brain axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittney L Marshall
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Yang Liu
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Informatics Institute, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Michelle J Farrington
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Jiude Mao
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - William G Helferich
- Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Nathan J Bivens
- DNA Core Facility, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Saurav J Sarma
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- MU Metabolomics Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Zhentian Lei
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- MU Metabolomics Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Lloyd W Sumner
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- MU Metabolomics Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Trupti Joshi
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Informatics Institute, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Department of Health Management and Informatics, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Cheryl S Rosenfeld
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Informatics Institute, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Thompson Center for Autism and Neurobehavioral Disorders, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Genetics Area Program, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
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30
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Faecal Microbiota Are Related to Insulin Sensitivity and Secretion in Overweight or Obese Adults. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8040452. [PMID: 30987356 PMCID: PMC6518043 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8040452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests a role for the gut microbiota in glucose metabolism and diabetes. Few studies have examined the associations between the faecal microbiome and insulin sensitivity and secretion using gold-standard methods in high-risk populations prior to diabetes onset. We investigated the relationships between faecal microbiota composition (16S rRNA sequencing) and gold-standard measures of insulin sensitivity (hyperinsulinaemic-euglycaemic clamp) and insulin secretion (intravenous glucose tolerance test) in 38 overweight or obese otherwise healthy individuals. Genus Clostridium was positively associated with insulin sensitivity, and genera Dialister and Phascolarctobacterium were related to both insulin sensitivity and secretion. Insulin sensitivity was associated with a higher abundance of Phascolarctobacterium and lower abundance of Dialister. Those with higher insulin secretion had a higher abundance of Dialister and lower abundance of Bifidobacterium, compared to those with lower insulin secretion. Body mass index (BMI) was positively correlated with Streptococcus abundance whereas Coprococcus abundance was negatively correlated to BMI and percent body fat. These results suggest that faecal microbiota is related to insulin sensitivity and secretion in overweight or obese adults. These correlations are distinct although partially overlapping, suggesting different pathophysiological pathways. Our findings can inform future trials aiming to manipulate gut microbiome to improve insulin sensitivity and secretion and prevent type 2 diabetes.
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31
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De Bruyne T, Steenput B, Roth L, De Meyer GRY, Santos CND, Valentová K, Dambrova M, Hermans N. Dietary Polyphenols Targeting Arterial Stiffness: Interplay of Contributing Mechanisms and Gut Microbiome-Related Metabolism. Nutrients 2019; 11:E578. [PMID: 30857217 PMCID: PMC6471395 DOI: 10.3390/nu11030578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased arterial stiffness is a degenerative vascular process, progressing with age that leads to a reduced capability of arteries to expand and contract in response to pressure changes. This progressive degeneration mainly affects the extracellular matrix of elastic arteries and causes loss of vascular elasticity. Recent studies point to significant interference of dietary polyphenols with mechanisms involved in the pathophysiology and progression of arterial stiffness. This review summarizes data from epidemiological and interventional studies on the effect of polyphenols on vascular stiffness as an illustration of current research and addresses possible etiological factors targeted by polyphenols, including pathways of vascular functionality, oxidative status, inflammation, glycation, and autophagy. Effects can either be inflicted directly by the dietary polyphenols or indirectly by metabolites originated from the host or microbial metabolic processes. The composition of the gut microbiome, therefore, determines the resulting metabolome and, as a consequence, the observed activity. On the other hand, polyphenols also influence the intestinal microbial composition, and therefore the metabolites available for interaction with relevant targets. As such, targeting the gut microbiome is another potential treatment option for arterial stiffness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tess De Bruyne
- Laboratory of Natural Products and Food-Research and Analysis (NatuRA), University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerpen, Belgium.
| | - Bieke Steenput
- Laboratory of Natural Products and Food-Research and Analysis (NatuRA), University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerpen, Belgium.
| | - Lynn Roth
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerpen, Belgium.
| | - Guido R Y De Meyer
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerpen, Belgium.
| | - Claudia Nunes Dos Santos
- Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2780-901 Oeiras, Portugal.
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal.
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campo Mártires da Pátria, 130, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Kateřina Valentová
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Maija Dambrova
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Pharmacology, Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia.
| | - Nina Hermans
- Laboratory of Natural Products and Food-Research and Analysis (NatuRA), University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerpen, Belgium.
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Han K, Luo D, Zou Y, Dong S, Wan Z, Yang X. Modulation of Gut Microbiota by Soybean 7S Globulin Peptide That Involved Lipopolysaccharide-Peptide Interaction. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:2201-2211. [PMID: 30719912 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b07109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Soybean protein exhibits nutritional significance for the control of metabolic syndrome, and evidence suggests that gut microbiota are implicated in the control of metabolic disorders. This study aimed to investigate the modulation of pepsin-released peptides of soybean 7S globulin on gut microbiota and possible association between changes of gut microbiota composition and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-peptide interaction. In vitro fermentation experiments showed that the extension region (ER) fragments of soybean 7S globulin selectively suppressed proinflammatory Gram-negative bacteria. ER peptides also promoted the highest production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which were associated with increase of the relative abundance of Lachnospiraceae and Lactobacillaceae. Isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) and Langmuir monolayer studies demonstrated that ER peptides exhibited high affinity to LPS in the presence of Ca2+ and developed into β-sheet-rich aggregate structures, thus weakening the stability of LPS monolayers. This finding supplies a possible explanation for improvement of the effects of soybean 7S globulin on metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaining Han
- Research and Development Center of Food Proteins, Department of Food Science and Technology , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , China
| | - Danyang Luo
- Research and Development Center of Food Proteins, Department of Food Science and Technology , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , China
| | - Yuan Zou
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Food Science , South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou 510640 , China
| | - Shiyuan Dong
- College of Food Science and Engineering , Ocean University of China , Qingdao 266003 , China
| | - Zhili Wan
- Research and Development Center of Food Proteins, Department of Food Science and Technology , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , China
| | - Xiaoquan Yang
- Research and Development Center of Food Proteins, Department of Food Science and Technology , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety , Guangzhou 510640 , China
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Ntemiri A, Ribière C, Stanton C, Ross RP, O'Connor EM, O'Toole PW. Retention of Microbiota Diversity by Lactose-Free Milk in a Mouse Model of Elderly Gut Microbiota. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:2098-2112. [PMID: 30665298 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b06414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Prebiotics may improve aging-related dysbiosis. Milk is a source of nutrients including oligosaccharides whose prebiotic potential remains largely unexplored. We used a murine model to explore the effect of milk products on high diversity and lower diversity faecal microbiota from healthy and frail elderly subjects, respectively. Mice were treated with antibiotics and subsequently "humanized" with human faecal microbiota. The mice received lactose-free or whole milk, glycomacropeptide, or soy protein (control) supplemented diets for one month. The faecal microbiota was analyzed by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Lactose-free milk diet was as efficient as the control diet in retaining faecal microbiota diversity in mice. Both milk diets had a significant effect on the relative abundance of health-relevant taxa (e.g., Ruminococcaceae, Lachnospiraceae). The glycomacropeptide prebiotic activity previously observed in vitro was not replicated in vivo. However, these data indicate the novel prebiotic potential of bovine milk for human nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Ntemiri
- School of Microbiology, Food Science Building , University College Cork , Western Road , T12 Y337 Cork , Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland , University College Cork , Western Road , T12 YN60 Cork , Ireland
| | - Céline Ribière
- School of Microbiology, Food Science Building , University College Cork , Western Road , T12 Y337 Cork , Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland , University College Cork , Western Road , T12 YN60 Cork , Ireland
| | - Catherine Stanton
- APC Microbiome Ireland , University College Cork , Western Road , T12 YN60 Cork , Ireland
- Teagasc, Moorepark Food Research Centre , Fermoy , Co Cork P61 C996 , Ireland
| | - R Paul Ross
- School of Microbiology, Food Science Building , University College Cork , Western Road , T12 Y337 Cork , Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland , University College Cork , Western Road , T12 YN60 Cork , Ireland
| | - Eibhlís M O'Connor
- APC Microbiome Ireland , University College Cork , Western Road , T12 YN60 Cork , Ireland
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Natural Sciences , University of Limerick , V94 T9PX Limerick , Ireland
- Health Research Institute , University of Limerick , V94 T9PX Limerick , Ireland
| | - Paul W O'Toole
- School of Microbiology, Food Science Building , University College Cork , Western Road , T12 Y337 Cork , Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland , University College Cork , Western Road , T12 YN60 Cork , Ireland
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Lestari B, Walidah Z, Utomo RY, Murwanti R, Meiyanto E. Supplementation with extract of pumpkin seeds exerts estrogenic effects upon the uterine, serum lipids, mammary glands, and bone density in ovariectomized rats. Phytother Res 2019; 33:891-900. [PMID: 30663149 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Beni Lestari
- Cancer Chemoprevention Research Center Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jalan Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
| | - Ziana Walidah
- Cancer Chemoprevention Research Center Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jalan Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
| | - Rohmad Yudi Utomo
- Cancer Chemoprevention Research Center Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jalan Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
| | - Retno Murwanti
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada Jalan Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
| | - Edy Meiyanto
- Cancer Chemoprevention Research Center Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jalan Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia.,Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada Jalan Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
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Liu J, Chang R, Zhang X, Wang Z, Wen J, Zhou T. Non-isoflavones Diet Incurred Metabolic Modifications Induced by Constipation in Rats via Targeting Gut Microbiota. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:3002. [PMID: 30564225 PMCID: PMC6288237 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.03002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Isoflavones, presenting in leguminous plants and the normal chow diet, are known to alter intestinal microbiota, yet their deficiency has not been widely studied for its effect on constipation in biochemical state of rats. Our previous study discovered the differences in pharmacokinetic traits of isoflavones from Semen sojae praeparatum fed with normal chow diet (ISO) and non-isoflavones diet (NISO). To gain insight into the key role of intestinal microbiota in constipation and metabolic differences caused by isoflavones deficiency, we observed a significant decrease in fecal pellet numbers, fecal water content, intestinal transit rate together with the serum concentrations of substance P (SP) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) in NISO group, compared with those in the ISO group. Following 16S rRNA compositional sequencing, results excluded the changes in intestinal microbiota over time and highlighted that a total of 5 phyla and 21 genera changed significantly, among which Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Blautia, Prevotella, Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium were closely related to constipation. In addition, Lactobacillus, produceing β-glucosidase which contribute to biotransform glycosides into aglycons and exert the bioactivities consequently, was decreased after non-isoflavones diet intake. Meanwhile, predicted metagenomics indicated that the pathway of glycan biosynthesis and metabolism was markedly down-regulated after non-isoflavones diet intake. Taken together, the findings suggested that the changes in the dietary components could alter the biochemical state of rats, which may be triggered by the abnormal modifications facilitated by β-glucosidase-producing bacteria. Our study shed a new strategy to explore the relationship among disease phenotypes (D), intestinal microbiota (I), enzymes (E) and traits of metabolism (T) named as "DIET," which can provide a reference for further study of the mechanism in regulation of intestinal bacteria-mediated diet on diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Tingting Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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Vieira-Potter VJ, Cross TWL, Swanson KS, Sarma SJ, Lei Z, Sumner LW, Rosenfeld CS. Soy-Induced Fecal Metabolome Changes in Ovariectomized and Intact Female Rats: Relationship with Cardiometabolic Health. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16896. [PMID: 30442926 PMCID: PMC6237990 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35171-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytoestrogens are plant-derived compounds found in a variety of foods, most notably, soy. These compounds have been shown to improve immuno-metabolic health, yet mechanisms remain uncertain. We demonstrated previously that dietary phytoestrogen-rich soy (SOY) rescued metabolic dysfunction/inflammation following ovariectomy (OVX) in female rats; we also noted remarkable shifts in gut microbiota in SOY vs control diet-fed rats. Importantly, specific bacteria that significantly increased in those fed the SOY correlated positively with several favorable host metabolic parameters. One mechanism by which gut microbes might lead to such host effects is through production of bacterial metabolites. To test this possibility, we utilized non-targeted gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GCMS) to assess the fecal metabolome in those previously studied animals. Partial least square discriminant analysis (PLSDA) revealed clear separation of fecal metabolomes based on diet and ovarian state. In particular, SOY-fed animals had greater fecal concentrations of the beneficial bacterial metabolite, S-equol, which was positively associated with several of the bacteria upregulated in the SOY group. S-equol was inversely correlated with important indicators of metabolic dysfunction and inflammation, suggesting that this metabolite might be a key mediator between SOY and gut microbiome-positive host health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria J Vieira-Potter
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Tzu-Wen L Cross
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Kelly S Swanson
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Saurav J Sarma
- MU Metabolomics Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
- Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Zhentian Lei
- MU Metabolomics Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
- Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Lloyd W Sumner
- MU Metabolomics Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
- Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Cheryl S Rosenfeld
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
- Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
- Thompson Center for Autism and Neurobehavioral Disorders, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
- Genetics Area Program, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
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Cross TWL, Kasahara K, Rey FE. Sexual dimorphism of cardiometabolic dysfunction: Gut microbiome in the play? Mol Metab 2018; 15:70-81. [PMID: 29887245 PMCID: PMC6066746 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2018.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sex is one of the most powerful modifiers of disease development. Clear sexual dimorphism exists in cardiometabolic health susceptibility, likely due to differences in sex steroid hormones. Changes in the gut microbiome have been linked with the development of obesity, type 2 diabetes, and atherosclerosis; however, the impact of microbes in sex-biased cardiometabolic disorders remains unclear. The gut microbiome is critical for maintaining a normal estrous cycle, testosterone levels, and reproductive function. Gut microbes modulate the enterohepatic recirculation of estrogens and androgens, affecting local and systemic levels of sex steroid hormones. Gut bacteria can also generate androgens from glucocorticoids. SCOPE OF REVIEW This review summarizes current knowledge of the complex interplay between sexual dimorphism in cardiometabolic disease and the gut microbiome. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Emerging evidence suggests the role of gut microbiome as a modifier of disease susceptibility due to sex; however, the impact on cardiometabolic disease in this complex interplay is lacking. Elucidating the role of gut microbiome on sex-biased susceptibility in cardiometabolic disease is of high relevance to public health given its high prevalence and significant financial burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Wen L Cross
- Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, United States; Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, United States.
| | - Kazuyuki Kasahara
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, United States.
| | - Federico E Rey
- Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, United States; Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, United States.
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Hinton PS, Ortinau LC, Dirkes RK, Shaw EL, Richard MW, Zidon TZ, Britton SL, Koch LG, Vieira-Potter VJ. Soy protein improves tibial whole-bone and tissue-level biomechanical properties in ovariectomized and ovary-intact, low-fit female rats. Bone Rep 2018; 8:244-254. [PMID: 29922706 PMCID: PMC6005802 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2018.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoporosis and related fractures, decreased physical activity, and metabolic dysfunction are serious health concerns for postmenopausal women. Soy protein might counter the negative effects of menopause on bone and metabolic health due to the additive or synergistic effects of its bioactive components. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of ovariectomy (OVX) and a soy-protein diet (SOY) on bone outcomes in female, low-capacity running (LCR) rats selectively bred for low aerobic fitness as a model of menopause. METHODS At 27 weeks of age, LCR rats (N = 40) underwent OVX or sham (SHAM) surgery and were randomized to one of two isocaloric and isonitrogenous plant-protein-based dietary treatments: 1) soy-protein (SOY; soybean meal); or, 2) control (CON, corn-gluten meal), resulting in four treatment groups. During the 30-week dietary intervention, animals were provided ad libitum access to food and water; body weight and food intake were measured weekly. At completion of the 30-week intervention, body composition was measured using EchoMRI; animals were fasted overnight, euthanized, and blood and hindlimbs collected. Plasma markers of bone formation (osteocalcin, OC; N-terminal propeptide of type I procollagen, P1NP) and resorption (tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase, TRAP5b; C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen, CTx) were measured using ELISA. Tibial trabecular microarchitecture and cortical geometry were evaluated using μCT; and torsional loading to failure was used to assess cortical biomechanical properties. Advanced glycation end-product (AGE) content of the femur was measured using a fluorimetric assay, and was expressed relative to collagen content measured by a colorimetric OH-proline assay. Two-factor ANOVA or ANOVCA was used to test for significant main and interactive effects of ovarian status (OV STAT: OVX vs. SHAM) and DIET (SOY vs. CON); final body weight was included as a covariate for body-weight-dependent cortical geometry and biomechanical properties. RESULTS OVX had significantly greater CTx than SHAM; SOY did not affect bone turnover markers. OVX adversely affected trabecular microarchitecture as evidenced by reduced BV/TV, trabecular thickness (Tb.Th), trabecular number (Tb.N), and connectivity density (Conn.D), and by increased trabecular separation (Tb.Sp) and structural model index (SMI). SOY increased BV/TV only in ovary-intact animals. There was no effect of OVX or SOY on tibial cortical geometry. In SHAM and OVX rats, SOY significantly improved whole-bone strength and stiffness; SOY also increased tissue-level stiffness and tended to increase tissue-level strength (p = 0.067). There was no effect of OVX or SOY on AGE content. CONCLUSION Soy protein improved cortical bone biomechanical properties in female low-fit rats, regardless of ovarian hormone status.
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Key Words
- Bone
- CON, control diet
- CTx, C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen
- Conn.D, connectivity density
- G, shear modulus of elasticity
- Ks, torsional stiffness
- LCR, low-capacity runners
- Menopause
- OC, osteocalcin
- OVX, ovariectomy
- Osteoporosis
- Ovariectomy
- P1NP, N-terminal propeptide of type I procollagen
- SHM, Sham
- SOY, Soy-protein-based diet
- Soy protein
- Su, ultimate tensile strength
- TRAP5b, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase
- Tb.N, trabecular number
- Tb.Sp, trabecular separation
- Tb.Th, trabecular thickness
- Tmax, maximal torque
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela S. Hinton
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Laura C. Ortinau
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Rebecca K. Dirkes
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Emily L. Shaw
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Matthew W. Richard
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Terese Z. Zidon
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Steven L. Britton
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Lauren G. Koch
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Battson ML, Lee DM, Weir TL, Gentile CL. The gut microbiota as a novel regulator of cardiovascular function and disease. J Nutr Biochem 2017; 56:1-15. [PMID: 29427903 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2017.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The gut microbiome has emerged as a critical regulator of human physiology. Deleterious changes to the composition or number of gut bacteria, commonly referred to as gut dysbiosis, has been linked to the development and progression of numerous diet-related diseases, including cardiovascular disease (CVD). Most CVD risk factors, including aging, obesity, certain dietary patterns, and a sedentary lifestyle, have been shown to induce gut dysbiosis. Dysbiosis is associated with intestinal inflammation and reduced integrity of the gut barrier, which in turn increases circulating levels of bacterial structural components and microbial metabolites that may facilitate the development of CVD. The aim of the current review is to summarize the available data regarding the role of the gut microbiome in regulating CVD function and disease processes. Particular emphasis is placed on nutrition-related alterations in the microbiome, as well as the underlying cellular mechanisms by which the microbiome may alter CVD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micah L Battson
- Department of Food Science & Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523
| | - Dustin M Lee
- Department of Food Science & Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523
| | - Tiffany L Weir
- Department of Food Science & Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523
| | - Christopher L Gentile
- Department of Food Science & Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523.
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