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Goto Y, Nakajima K, Yamamoto S, Yamaguchi K. Supersaturation, a Critical Factor Underlying Proteostasis of Amyloid Fibril Formation. J Mol Biol 2024; 436:168475. [PMID: 38311232 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2024.168475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
From a physicochemical viewpoint, amyloid fibril formation is a phase transition from soluble to crystal-like sates limited by supersaturation. It occurs only above solubility (i.e., the solubility limit) coupled with a breakdown of supersaturation. Although many studies have examined the role of molecular chaperones in the context of proteostasis, the role of supersaturation has not been addressed. Moreover, although molecular chaperone-dependent disaggregations have been reported for preformed amyloid fibrils, amyloid fibrils will not dissolve above the solubility of monomers, even if agitations fragment long fibrils to shorter amyloid particles. On the other hand, on considering a reversible and coupled equilibrium of interactions, folding/unfolding and amyloid formation/disaggregation, molecules stabilizing native states can work as a disaggregase reversing the amyloid fibrils to monomers. It is likely that the proteostasis network has various intra- and extracellular components which disaggregate preformed amyloid fibrils as well as prevent amyloid formation. Further studies with a view of solubility and supersaturation will be essential for comprehensive understanding of proteostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Goto
- Microsonochemistry Joint Research Chair, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Kichitaro Nakajima
- Microsonochemistry Joint Research Chair, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Suguru Yamamoto
- Division of Clinical Nephrology and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Keiichi Yamaguchi
- Microsonochemistry Joint Research Chair, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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2
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Mochizuki H. Pathological mechanisms and treatment of sporadic Parkinson's disease: past, present, and future. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2024; 131:597-607. [PMID: 38864935 PMCID: PMC11192660 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-024-02788-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
For a special issue, we review studies on the pathogenesis of nigral cell death and the treatment of sporadic Parkinson's disease (sPD) over the past few decades, with a focus on the studies performed by Prof. Mizuno and our group. Prof. Mizuno proposed the initial concept that mitochondrial function may be impaired in sPD. When working at Jichi Medical School, he found a decrease in complex I of the mitochondrial electron transfer complex in the substantia nigra of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and MPTP models. After moving to Juntendo University as a professor and chairman, he continued to study the mechanisms of cell death in the substantia nigra of patients with sPD. Under his supervision, I studied the relationships between PD and apoptosis, PD and iron involvement, mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis, and PD and neuroinflammation. Moving to Kitasato University, we focused on PD and the cytotoxicity of alpha synuclein (αSyn) as well as brain neuropathology. Eventually, I moved to Osaka University, where I continued working on PD and αSyn projects to promote therapeutic research. In this paper, we present the details of these studies in the following order: past, present, and future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Mochizuki
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
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3
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Sulatsky MI, Stepanenko OV, Stepanenko OV, Povarova OI, Kuznetsova IM, Turoverov KK, Sulatskaya AI. Broken but not beaten: Challenge of reducing the amyloids pathogenicity by degradation. J Adv Res 2024:S2090-1232(24)00161-9. [PMID: 38642804 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The accumulation of ordered protein aggregates, amyloid fibrils, accompanies various neurodegenerative diseases (such as Parkinson's, Huntington's, Alzheimer's, etc.) and causes a wide range of systemic and local amyloidoses (such as insulin, hemodialysis amyloidosis, etc.). Such pathologies are usually diagnosed when the disease is already irreversible and a large amount of amyloid plaques have accumulated. In recent years, new drugs aimed at reducing amyloid levels have been actively developed. However, although clinical trials have demonstrated a reduction in amyloid plaque size with these drugs, their effect on disease progression has been controversial and associated with significant side effects, the reasons of which are not fully understood. AIM OF REVIEW The purpose of this review is to summarize extensive array of data on the effect of exogenous and endogenous factors (physico-mechanical effects, chemical effects of low molecular weight compounds, macromolecules and their complexes) on the structure and pathogenicity of mature amyloids for proposing future directions of the development of effective and safe anti-amyloid therapeutics. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW Our analysis show that destruction of amyloids is in most cases incomplete and degradation products often retain the properties of amyloids (including high and sometimes higher than fibrils, cytotoxicity), accelerate amyloidogenesis and promote the propagation of amyloids between cells. Probably, the appearance of protein aggregates, polymorphic in structure and properties (such as amorphous aggregates, fibril fragments, amyloid oligomers, etc.), formed because of uncontrolled degradation of amyloids, may be one of the reasons for the ambiguous effectiveness and serious side effects of the anti-amyloid drugs. This means that all medications that are supposed to be used both for degradation and slow down the fibrillogenesis must first be tested on mature fibrils: the mechanism of drug action and cytotoxic, seeding, and infectious activity of the degradation products must be analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maksim I Sulatsky
- Laboratory of Cell Morphology, Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Tikhoretsky ave., 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Olga V Stepanenko
- Laboratory of Structural Dynamics, Stability and Folding of Proteins, Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Tikhoretsky ave., 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Olesya V Stepanenko
- Laboratory of Structural Dynamics, Stability and Folding of Proteins, Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Tikhoretsky ave., 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Olga I Povarova
- Laboratory of Structural Dynamics, Stability and Folding of Proteins, Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Tikhoretsky ave., 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Irina M Kuznetsova
- Laboratory of Structural Dynamics, Stability and Folding of Proteins, Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Tikhoretsky ave., 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Konstantin K Turoverov
- Laboratory of Structural Dynamics, Stability and Folding of Proteins, Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Tikhoretsky ave., 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Anna I Sulatskaya
- Laboratory of Structural Dynamics, Stability and Folding of Proteins, Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Tikhoretsky ave., 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia.
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4
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Kakuda K, Ikenaka K, Kuma A, Doi J, Aguirre C, Wang N, Ajiki T, Choong CJ, Kimura Y, Badawy SMM, Shima T, Nakamura S, Baba K, Nagano S, Nagai Y, Yoshimori T, Mochizuki H. Lysophagy protects against propagation of α-synuclein aggregation through ruptured lysosomal vesicles. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2312306120. [PMID: 38147546 PMCID: PMC10769825 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2312306120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The neuron-to-neuron propagation of misfolded α-synuclein (αSyn) aggregates is thought to be key to the pathogenesis of synucleinopathies. Recent studies have shown that extracellular αSyn aggregates taken up by the endosomal-lysosomal system can rupture the lysosomal vesicular membrane; however, it remains unclear whether lysosomal rupture leads to the transmission of αSyn aggregation. Here, we applied cell-based αSyn propagation models to show that ruptured lysosomes are the pathway through which exogenous αSyn aggregates transmit aggregation, and furthermore, this process was prevented by lysophagy, i.e., selective autophagy of damaged lysosomes. αSyn aggregates accumulated predominantly in lysosomes, causing their rupture, and seeded the aggregation of endogenous αSyn, initially around damaged lysosomes. Exogenous αSyn aggregates induced the accumulation of LC3 on lysosomes. This LC3 accumulation was not observed in cells in which a key regulator of autophagy, RB1CC1/FIP200, was knocked out and was confirmed as lysophagy by transmission electron microscopy. Importantly, RB1CC1/FIP200-deficient cells treated with αSyn aggregates had increased numbers of ruptured lysosomes and enhanced propagation of αSyn aggregation. Furthermore, various types of lysosomal damage induced using lysosomotropic reagents, depletion of lysosomal enzymes, or more toxic species of αSyn fibrils also exacerbated the propagation of αSyn aggregation, and impaired lysophagy and lysosomal membrane damage synergistically enhanced propagation. These results indicate that lysophagy prevents exogenous αSyn aggregates from escaping the endosomal-lysosomal system and transmitting aggregation to endogenous cytosolic αSyn via ruptured lysosomal vesicles. Our findings suggest that the progression and severity of synucleinopathies are associated with damage to lysosomal membranes and impaired lysophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keita Kakuda
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka565-0871, Japan
| | - Kensuke Ikenaka
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka565-0871, Japan
| | - Akiko Kuma
- Department of Genetics, Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka565-0871, Japan
| | - Junko Doi
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka565-0871, Japan
| | - César Aguirre
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka565-0871, Japan
| | - Nan Wang
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka565-0871, Japan
| | - Takahiro Ajiki
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka565-0871, Japan
| | - Chi-Jing Choong
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka565-0871, Japan
| | - Yasuyoshi Kimura
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka565-0871, Japan
| | - Shaymaa Mohamed Mohamed Badawy
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka565-0871, Japan
- Department of Agricultural Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig44519, Egypt
| | - Takayuki Shima
- Department of Genetics, Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka565-0871, Japan
| | - Shuhei Nakamura
- Department of Biochemistry, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara634-8521, Japan
| | - Kousuke Baba
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka565-0871, Japan
- Department of Neurotherapeutics, Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka565-0871, Japan
| | - Seiichi Nagano
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka565-0871, Japan
- Department of Neurotherapeutics, Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka565-0871, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Nagai
- Department of Neurology, Kindai University, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-sayama, Osaka589-8511, Japan
| | - Tamotsu Yoshimori
- Department of Genetics, Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka565-0871, Japan
| | - Hideki Mochizuki
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka565-0871, Japan
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Moore K, Sengupta U, Puangmalai N, Bhatt N, Kayed R. Polymorphic Alpha-Synuclein Oligomers: Characterization and Differential Detection with Novel Corresponding Antibodies. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:2691-2705. [PMID: 36707462 PMCID: PMC9883140 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03211-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The pathological hallmark of many neurodegenerative diseases is the accumulation of characteristic proteinaceous aggregates. Parkinson's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies can be characterized as synucleinopathies due to the abnormal accumulation of the protein alpha-synuclein (α-Syn). Studies have shown amyloidogenic proteins such as α-Syn and tau can exist as polymorphic aggregates, a theory widely studied mostly in their fibrillar morphology. It is now well understood that an intermediate state of aggregates, oligomers, are the most toxic species. We have shown α-Syn, when modified by different physiological inducers, result in distinct oligomeric conformations of α-Syn. Polymorphic α-Syn oligomers exhibit distinct properties such as aggregate size, conformation, and differentially interact with tau. In this study, we confirm α-Syn oligomeric polymorphs furthermore using in-house novel α-Syn toxic conformation monoclonal antibodies (SynTCs). It is unclear the biological relevance of α-Syn oligomeric polymorphisms. Utilizing a combination of biochemical, biophysical, and cell-based assays, we characterize α-Syn oligomeric polymorphs. We found α-Syn oligomeric polymorphs exhibit distinct immunoreactivity and SynTCs exhibit differential selectivity and binding affinity for α-Syn species. Isothermal titration calorimetry experiments suggest distinct α-Syn:SynTC binding enthalpies in a species-specific manner. Additionally, we found SynTCs differentially reduce α-Syn oligomeric polymorph-mediated neurotoxicity and propagation in primary cortical neurons in a polymorph-specific manner. These studies demonstrate the biological significance of polymorphic α-Syn oligomers along with the importance of polymorph-specific antibodies that target toxic α-Syn aggregates. Monoclonal antibodies that can target the conformational heterogeneity of α-Syn oligomeric species and reduce their mediated toxicity have promising immunotherapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenya Moore
- Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
- Department of Neurology, Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Medical Research Building Room 10.138C, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX, 77555-1045, USA
| | - Urmi Sengupta
- Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
- Department of Neurology, Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Medical Research Building Room 10.138C, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX, 77555-1045, USA
| | - Nicha Puangmalai
- Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
- Department of Neurology, Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Medical Research Building Room 10.138C, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX, 77555-1045, USA
| | - Nemil Bhatt
- Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
- Department of Neurology, Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Medical Research Building Room 10.138C, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX, 77555-1045, USA
| | - Rakez Kayed
- Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Medical Research Building Room 10.138C, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX, 77555-1045, USA.
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Concha-Marambio L, Pritzkow S, Shahnawaz M, Farris CM, Soto C. Seed amplification assay for the detection of pathologic alpha-synuclein aggregates in cerebrospinal fluid. Nat Protoc 2023; 18:1179-1196. [PMID: 36653527 PMCID: PMC10561622 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-022-00787-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Misfolded alpha-synuclein (αSyn) aggregates are a hallmark event in Parkinson's disease (PD) and other synucleinopathies. Recently, αSyn seed amplification assays (αSyn-SAAs) have shown promise as a test for biochemical diagnosis of synucleinopathies. αSyn-SAAs use the intrinsic self-replicative nature of misfolded αSyn aggregates (seeds) to multiply them in vitro. In these assays, αSyn seeds circulating in biological fluids are amplified by a cyclical process that includes aggregate fragmentation into smaller self-propagating seeds, followed by elongation at the expense of recombinant αSyn (rec-αSyn). Amplification of the seeds allows detection by fluorescent dyes specific for amyloids, such as thioflavin T. Several αSyn-SAA reports have been published in the past under the names 'protein misfolding cyclic amplification' (αSyn-PMCA) and 'real-time quaking-induced conversion'. Here, we describe a protocol for αSyn-SAA, originally reported as αSyn-PMCA, which allows detection of αSyn aggregates in cerebrospinal fluid samples from patients affected by PD, dementia with Lewy bodies or multiple-system atrophy (MSA). Moreover, this αSyn-SAA can differentiate αSyn aggregates from patients with PD versus those from patients with MSA, even in retrospective samples from patients with pure autonomic failure who later developed PD or MSA. We also describe modifications to the original protocol introduced to develop an optimized version of the assay. The optimized version shortens the assay length, decreases the amount of rec-αSyn required and reduces the number of inconclusive results. The protocol has a hands-on time of ~2 h per 96-well plate and can be performed by personnel trained to perform basic experiments with specimens of human origin.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sandra Pritzkow
- Mitchell Center for Alzheimer's Disease and Related Brain Disorders, University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mohammad Shahnawaz
- Mitchell Center for Alzheimer's Disease and Related Brain Disorders, University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Claudio Soto
- R&D Unit, Amprion Inc., San Diego, CA, USA.
- Mitchell Center for Alzheimer's Disease and Related Brain Disorders, University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA.
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7
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Choong CJ, Aguirre C, Kakuda K, Beck G, Nakanishi H, Kimura Y, Shimma S, Nabekura K, Hideshima M, Doi J, Yamaguchi K, Nakajima K, Wadayama T, Hayakawa H, Baba K, Ogawa K, Takeuchi T, Badawy SMM, Murayama S, Nagano S, Goto Y, Miyanoiri Y, Nagai Y, Mochizuki H, Ikenaka K. Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate interacts with alpha-synuclein and initiates its aggregation and formation of Parkinson's disease-related fibril polymorphism. Acta Neuropathol 2023; 145:573-595. [PMID: 36939875 PMCID: PMC10119223 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-023-02555-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2023]
Abstract
Lipid interaction with α-synuclein (αSyn) has been long implicated in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, it has not been fully determined which lipids are involved in the initiation of αSyn aggregation in PD. Here exploiting genetic understanding associating the loss-of-function mutation in Synaptojanin 1 (SYNJ1), a phosphoinositide phosphatase, with familial PD and analysis of postmortem PD brains, we identified a novel lipid molecule involved in the toxic conversion of αSyn and its relation to PD. We first established a SYNJ1 knockout cell model and found SYNJ1 depletion increases the accumulation of pathological αSyn. Lipidomic analysis revealed SYNJ1 depletion elevates the level of its substrate phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate (PIP3). We then employed Caenorhabditis elegans model to examine the effect of SYNJ1 defect on the neurotoxicity of αSyn. Mutations in SYNJ1 accelerated the accumulation of αSyn aggregation and induced locomotory defects in the nematodes. These results indicate that functional loss of SYNJ1 promotes the pathological aggregation of αSyn via the dysregulation of its substrate PIP3, leading to the aggravation of αSyn-mediated neurodegeneration. Treatment of cultured cell line and primary neurons with PIP3 itself or with PIP3 phosphatase inhibitor resulted in intracellular formation of αSyn inclusions. Indeed, in vitro protein-lipid overlay assay validated that phosphoinositides, especially PIP3, strongly interact with αSyn. Furthermore, the aggregation assay revealed that PIP3 not only accelerates the fibrillation of αSyn, but also induces the formation of fibrils sharing conformational and biochemical characteristics similar to the fibrils amplified from the brains of PD patients. Notably, the immunohistochemical and lipidomic analyses on postmortem brain of patients with sporadic PD showed increased PIP3 level and its colocalization with αSyn. Taken together, PIP3 dysregulation promotes the pathological aggregation of αSyn and increases the risk of developing PD, and PIP3 represents a potent target for intervention in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Jing Choong
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - César Aguirre
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Keita Kakuda
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Goichi Beck
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | | | - Yasuyoshi Kimura
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shuichi Shimma
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kei Nabekura
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Makoto Hideshima
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Junko Doi
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Keiichi Yamaguchi
- Global Center for Medical Engineering and Informatics, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kichitaro Nakajima
- Global Center for Medical Engineering and Informatics, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tomoya Wadayama
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hideki Hayakawa
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kousuke Baba
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kotaro Ogawa
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Toshihide Takeuchi
- Department of Neurology, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashiosaka City, Osaka, 577-8502, Japan
| | - Shaymaa Mohamed Mohamed Badawy
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.,Department of Agricultural Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Shigeo Murayama
- Brain Bank for Neurodevelopmental, Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Seiichi Nagano
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yuji Goto
- Global Center for Medical Engineering and Informatics, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yohei Miyanoiri
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, 3-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Nagai
- Department of Neurology, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashiosaka City, Osaka, 577-8502, Japan
| | - Hideki Mochizuki
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Kensuke Ikenaka
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
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8
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Strathmann EA, Hölker I, Tschernoster N, Hosseinibarkooie S, Come J, Martinat C, Altmüller J, Wirth B. Epigenetic regulation of plastin 3 expression by the macrosatellite DXZ4 and the transcriptional regulator CHD4. Am J Hum Genet 2023; 110:442-459. [PMID: 36812914 PMCID: PMC10027515 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2023.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysregulated Plastin 3 (PLS3) levels associate with a wide range of skeletal and neuromuscular disorders and the most common types of solid and hematopoietic cancer. Most importantly, PLS3 overexpression protects against spinal muscular atrophy. Despite its crucial role in F-actin dynamics in healthy cells and its involvement in many diseases, the mechanisms that regulate PLS3 expression are unknown. Interestingly, PLS3 is an X-linked gene and all asymptomatic SMN1-deleted individuals in SMA-discordant families who exhibit PLS3 upregulation are female, suggesting that PLS3 may escape X chromosome inactivation. To elucidate mechanisms contributing to PLS3 regulation, we performed a multi-omics analysis in two SMA-discordant families using lymphoblastoid cell lines and iPSC-derived spinal motor neurons originated from fibroblasts. We show that PLS3 tissue-specifically escapes X-inactivation. PLS3 is located ∼500 kb proximal to the DXZ4 macrosatellite, which is essential for X chromosome inactivation. By applying molecular combing in a total of 25 lymphoblastoid cell lines (asymptomatic individuals, individuals with SMA, control subjects) with variable PLS3 expression, we found a significant correlation between the copy number of DXZ4 monomers and PLS3 levels. Additionally, we identified chromodomain helicase DNA binding protein 4 (CHD4) as an epigenetic transcriptional regulator of PLS3 and validated co-regulation of the two genes by siRNA-mediated knock-down and overexpression of CHD4. We show that CHD4 binds the PLS3 promoter by performing chromatin immunoprecipitation and that CHD4/NuRD activates the transcription of PLS3 by dual-luciferase promoter assays. Thus, we provide evidence for a multilevel epigenetic regulation of PLS3 that may help to understand the protective or disease-associated PLS3 dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eike A Strathmann
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital of Cologne, University Cologne, Kerpener Str. 34, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, 50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Irmgard Hölker
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital of Cologne, University Cologne, Kerpener Str. 34, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, 50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Nikolai Tschernoster
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital of Cologne, University Cologne, Kerpener Str. 34, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Cologne Center for Genomics and West German Genome Center, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Seyyedmohsen Hosseinibarkooie
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital of Cologne, University Cologne, Kerpener Str. 34, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, 50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Julien Come
- INSERM/ UEVE UMR 861, Université Paris Saclay, I-STEM, 91100 Corbeil-Essonnes, France
| | - Cecile Martinat
- INSERM/ UEVE UMR 861, Université Paris Saclay, I-STEM, 91100 Corbeil-Essonnes, France
| | - Janine Altmüller
- Cologne Center for Genomics and West German Genome Center, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Brunhilde Wirth
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital of Cologne, University Cologne, Kerpener Str. 34, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, 50674 Cologne, Germany; Center for Rare Diseases, University Hospital of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany.
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9
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Takada F, Kasahara T, Otake K, Maru T, Miwa M, Muto K, Sasaki M, Hirozane Y, Yoshikawa M, Yamaguchi J. Identification of α-Synuclein Proaggregator: Rapid Synthesis and Streamlining RT-QuIC Assays in Parkinson's Disease. ACS Med Chem Lett 2022; 13:1421-1426. [PMID: 36105342 PMCID: PMC9465709 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.2c00138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the discovery of two compounds, TKD150 and TKD152, that promote the aggregation of α-synuclein (aSN) using a real-time quaking-induced conversion (RT-QuIC) assay to detect abnormal aSN. By utilizing a Pd-catalyzed C-H arylation of benzoxazole with iodoarenes and implementing a planar conformation to the design, we successfully identified TKD150 and TKD152 as proaggregators for aSN. In comparison to a previously reported proaggregator, PA86, the two identified compounds were able to promote aggregation of aSN at twice the rate. Application of TKD150 and TKD152 to the RT-QuIC assay will shorten the inherent lag time and may allow wider use of this assay in clinical settings for the diagnosis of α-synucleinopathy-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumito Takada
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Waseda University, 513 Wasedatsurumakicho, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-0041, Japan
| | - Takahito Kasahara
- Takeda
Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 2-26-1 Muraoka-Higashi, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Kentaro Otake
- Takeda
Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 2-26-1 Muraoka-Higashi, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Takamitsu Maru
- Axcelead
Drug Discovery Partners Inc., 2-26-1 Muraoka-Higashi, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Masanori Miwa
- Axcelead
Drug Discovery Partners Inc., 2-26-1 Muraoka-Higashi, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Kei Muto
- Waseda
Institute for Advanced Study, Waseda University, 513 Wasedatsurumakicho, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-0041, Japan
| | - Minoru Sasaki
- Takeda
Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 2-26-1 Muraoka-Higashi, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Hirozane
- Takeda
Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 2-26-1 Muraoka-Higashi, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Masato Yoshikawa
- Takeda
Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 2-26-1 Muraoka-Higashi, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Junichiro Yamaguchi
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Waseda University, 513 Wasedatsurumakicho, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-0041, Japan
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10
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Oizumi H, Yamasaki K, Suzuki H, Ohshiro S, Saito Y, Murayama S, Sugimura Y, Hasegawa T, Fukunaga K, Takeda A. Phosphorylated alpha-synuclein in Iba1-positive macrophages in the skin of patients with Parkinson's disease. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2022; 9:1136-1146. [PMID: 35750465 PMCID: PMC9380156 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.51610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing evidence suggests that alpha-synuclein (αSyn) accumulation in cholinergic and adrenergic fibers in the skin is a useful biomarker to diagnose idiopathic Parkinson's disease (IPD). It has been widely reported that phosphorylated αSyn (p-αSyn) deposits in autonomic fibers in IPD are a biomarker in the skin, but other tissue localizations have not been fully investigated. OBJECTIVE It has been previously suggested that αSyn aggregates activate peripheral macrophages and that peripheral macrophages ingest pathological αsyn aggregates in aged rats or IPD patients. However, it remains to be elucidated whether peripheral macrophages in the skin of IPD patients accumulate αSyn. We evaluated whether (1) p-αSyn deposits in dermal macrophages might represent a useful biomarker for IPD and (2) dermal macrophages play a role in the underlying pathogenesis of IPD. METHODS We performed an immunohistological analysis of skin biopsy specimens from IPD patients and controls. RESULTS We found that (1) p-αSyn accumulation is present in dermal macrophages in skin biopsy specimens from patients with IPD, (2) not only dermal adrenergic fibers with p-αSyn deposits but also dermal macrophages with p-αSyn deposits are useful biomarkers for IPD patients and (3) the number of macrophages was significantly positively correlated with the number of macrophages with p-αSyn deposits in the dermis of IPD patients. INTERPRETATION Our results suggest that dermal macrophages, which are innate immune cells, play an important role in IPD patients and are a novel biomarker for IPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Oizumi
- Department of NeurologyNational Hospital Organization Sendai Nishitaga HospitalSendaiJapan
| | - Kenshi Yamasaki
- Department of DermatologyTohoku University Graduate School of MedicineSendaiJapan
| | - Hiroyoshi Suzuki
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineNational Hospital Organization Sendai Medical CenterSendaiJapan
| | - Saki Ohshiro
- Department of NeurologyNational Hospital Organization Sendai Nishitaga HospitalSendaiJapan
| | - Yuko Saito
- Department of PathologyTokyo Metropolitan Geriatric HospitalTokyoJapan
| | - Shigeo Murayama
- Department of PathologyTokyo Metropolitan Geriatric HospitalTokyoJapan
| | - Yoko Sugimura
- Department of NeurologyNational Hospital Organization Sendai Nishitaga HospitalSendaiJapan
| | - Takafumi Hasegawa
- Department of NeurologyTohoku University Graduate School of MedicineSendaiJapan
| | - Kohji Fukunaga
- Department of PharmacologyTohoku University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesSendaiJapan
| | - Atsushi Takeda
- Department of NeurologyNational Hospital Organization Sendai Nishitaga HospitalSendaiJapan
- Department of Cognitive and Motor AgingTohoku University Graduate School of MedicineSendaiJapan
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11
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Supersaturation-Dependent Formation of Amyloid Fibrils. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27144588. [PMID: 35889461 PMCID: PMC9321232 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27144588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The supersaturation of a solution refers to a non-equilibrium phase in which the solution is trapped in a soluble state, even though the solute’s concentration is greater than its thermodynamic solubility. Upon breaking supersaturation, crystals form and the concentration of the solute decreases to its thermodynamic solubility. Soon after the discovery of the prion phenomena, it was recognized that prion disease transmission and propagation share some similarities with the process of crystallization. Subsequent studies exploring the structural and functional association between amyloid fibrils and amyloidoses solidified this paradigm. However, recent studies have not necessarily focused on supersaturation, possibly because of marked advancements in structural studies clarifying the atomic structures of amyloid fibrils. On the other hand, there is increasing evidence that supersaturation plays a critical role in the formation of amyloid fibrils and the onset of amyloidosis. Here, we review the recent evidence that supersaturation plays a role in linking unfolding/folding and amyloid fibril formation. We also introduce the HANABI (HANdai Amyloid Burst Inducer) system, which enables high-throughput analysis of amyloid fibril formation by the ultrasonication-triggered breakdown of supersaturation. In addition to structural studies, studies based on solubility and supersaturation are essential both to developing a comprehensive understanding of amyloid fibrils and their roles in amyloidosis, and to developing therapeutic strategies.
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12
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Sanami S, Purton TJ, Smith DP, Tuite MF, Xue WF. Comparative Analysis of the Relative Fragmentation Stabilities of Polymorphic Alpha-Synuclein Amyloid Fibrils. Biomolecules 2022; 12:630. [PMID: 35625557 PMCID: PMC9138312 DOI: 10.3390/biom12050630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The division of amyloid fibril particles through fragmentation is implicated in the progression of human neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson's disease. Fragmentation of amyloid fibrils plays a crucial role in the propagation of the amyloid state encoded in their three-dimensional structures and may have an important role in the spreading of potentially pathological properties and phenotypes in amyloid-associated diseases. However, despite the mechanistic importance of fibril fragmentation, the relative stabilities of different types or different polymorphs of amyloid fibrils toward fragmentation remain to be quantified. We have previously developed an approach to compare the relative stabilities of different types of amyloid fibrils toward fragmentation. In this study, we show that controlled sonication, a widely used method of mechanical perturbation for amyloid seed generation, can be used as a form of mechanical perturbation for rapid comparative assessment of the relative fragmentation stabilities of different amyloid fibril structures. This approach is applied to assess the relative fragmentation stabilities of amyloid formed in vitro from wild type (WT) α-synuclein and two familial mutant variants of α-synuclein (A30P and A53T) that generate morphologically different fibril structures. Our results demonstrate that the fibril fragmentation stabilities of these different α-synuclein fibril polymorphs are all highly length dependent but distinct, with both A30P and A53T α-synuclein fibrils displaying increased resistance towards sonication-induced fibril fragmentation compared with WT α-synuclein fibrils. These conclusions show that fragmentation stabilities of different amyloid fibril polymorph structures can be diverse and suggest that the approach we report here will be useful in comparing the relative stabilities of amyloid fibril types or fibril polymorphs toward fragmentation under different biological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarina Sanami
- Kent Fungal Group, School of Biosciences, Division of Natural Sciences, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NJ, UK
| | - Tracey J Purton
- Kent Fungal Group, School of Biosciences, Division of Natural Sciences, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NJ, UK
| | - David P Smith
- Biomolecular Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield S1 1WB, UK
| | - Mick F Tuite
- Kent Fungal Group, School of Biosciences, Division of Natural Sciences, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NJ, UK
| | - Wei-Feng Xue
- Kent Fungal Group, School of Biosciences, Division of Natural Sciences, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NJ, UK
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13
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Li YY, Zhou TT, Zhang Y, Chen NH, Yuan YH. Distribution of α-Synuclein Aggregation in the Peripheral Tissues. Neurochem Res 2022; 47:3627-3634. [PMID: 35348944 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03586-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease mainly characterized by movement disorders and other non-motor symptoms, including the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra parts. Abnormal α-synuclein aggregation in the brain is closely associated with the loss of dopaminergic neurons. α-synuclein can propagate in the central nervous system (CNS) and periphery under pathological conditions. Many researches have focused on its aggregation and distribution in the CNS and explored its relationship with PD. But in recent years, the distribution of α-synuclein in peripheral tissues have been paid much attention. This review summarized the distribution of α-synuclein in the choroid plexus, blood, saliva, gastrointestine and other tissues, and discussed the potential mechanism of α-synuclein aggregation, providing a basis for the early diagnosis and intervention of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica & Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Tian-Tian Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica & Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Nai-Hong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica & Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China. .,Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, I Xiannongtan Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Yu-He Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica & Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China. .,Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, I Xiannongtan Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100050, China.
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14
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Hideshima M, Kimura Y, Aguirre C, Kakuda K, Takeuchi T, Choong CJ, Doi J, Nabekura K, Yamaguchi K, Nakajima K, Baba K, Nagano S, Goto Y, Nagai Y, Mochizuki H, Ikenaka K. Two-step screening method to identify α-synuclein aggregation inhibitors for Parkinson's disease. Sci Rep 2022; 12:351. [PMID: 35013421 PMCID: PMC8748996 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-04131-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by the formation of neuronal inclusions of α-synuclein in patient brains. As the disease progresses, toxic α-synuclein aggregates transmit throughout the nervous system. No effective disease-modifying therapy has been established, and preventing α-synuclein aggregation is thought to be one of the most promising approaches to ameliorate the disease. In this study, we performed a two-step screening using the thioflavin T assay and a cell-based assay to identify α-synuclein aggregation inhibitors. The first screening, thioflavin T assay, allowed the identification of 30 molecules, among a total of 1262 FDA-approved small compounds, which showed inhibitory effects on α-synuclein fibrilization. In the second screening, a cell-based aggregation assay, seven out of these 30 candidates were found to prevent α-synuclein aggregation without causing substantial toxicity. Of the seven final candidates, tannic acid was the most promising compound. The robustness of our screening method was validated by a primary neuronal cell model and a Caenorhabditis elegans model, which demonstrated the effect of tannic acid against α-synuclein aggregation. In conclusion, our two-step screening system is a powerful method for the identification of α-synuclein aggregation inhibitors, and tannic acid is a promising candidate as a disease-modifying drug for Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Hideshima
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yasuyoshi Kimura
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - César Aguirre
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Keita Kakuda
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Toshihide Takeuchi
- Department of Neurology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohno-Higashi, Osaka-sayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan
- Department of Neurotherapeutics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Chi-Jing Choong
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Junko Doi
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kei Nabekura
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Keiichi Yamaguchi
- Global Center for Medical Engineering and Informatics, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, 3-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kichitaro Nakajima
- Global Center for Medical Engineering and Informatics, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kousuke Baba
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Seiichi Nagano
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Department of Neurotherapeutics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yuji Goto
- Global Center for Medical Engineering and Informatics, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, 3-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Nagai
- Department of Neurology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohno-Higashi, Osaka-sayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan
- Department of Neurotherapeutics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hideki Mochizuki
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Kensuke Ikenaka
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
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15
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Park DG, Kang J, An YS, Chang J, Yoon JH. Association of plasma α-synuclein with cardiac 123I-MIBG scintigraphy in early Parkinson’s disease. Neurosci Lett 2022; 770:136399. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.136399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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16
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Development of HANABI, an ultrasonication-forced amyloid fibril inducer. Neurochem Int 2021; 153:105270. [PMID: 34954259 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2021.105270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Amyloid fibrils involved in amyloidoses are crystal-like aggregates, which are formed by breaking supersaturation of denatured proteins. Ultrasonication is an efficient method of agitation for breaking supersaturation and thus inducing amyloid fibrils. By combining an ultrasonicator and a microplate reader, we developed the HANABI (HANdai Amyloid Burst Inducer) system that enables high-throughput analysis of amyloid fibril formation. Among high-throughput approaches of amyloid fibril assays, the HANABI system has advantages in accelerating and detecting spontaneous amyloid fibril formation. HANABI is also powerful for amplifying a tiny amount of preformed amyloid fibrils by seeding. Thus, HANABI will contribute to creating therapeutic strategies against amyloidoses by identifying their biomarkers.
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17
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Wakasugi N, Hanakawa T. It Is Time to Study Overlapping Molecular and Circuit Pathophysiologies in Alzheimer's and Lewy Body Disease Spectra. Front Syst Neurosci 2021; 15:777706. [PMID: 34867224 PMCID: PMC8637125 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2021.777706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia due to neurodegeneration and is characterized by extracellular senile plaques composed of amyloid β1 - 42 (Aβ) as well as intracellular neurofibrillary tangles consisting of phosphorylated tau (p-tau). Dementia with Lewy bodies constitutes a continuous spectrum with Parkinson's disease, collectively termed Lewy body disease (LBD). LBD is characterized by intracellular Lewy bodies containing α-synuclein (α-syn). The core clinical features of AD and LBD spectra are distinct, but the two spectra share common cognitive and behavioral symptoms. The accumulation of pathological proteins, which acquire pathogenicity through conformational changes, has long been investigated on a protein-by-protein basis. However, recent evidence suggests that interactions among these molecules may be critical to pathogenesis. For example, Aβ/tau promotes α-syn pathology, and α-syn modulates p-tau pathology. Furthermore, clinical evidence suggests that these interactions may explain the overlapping pathology between AD and LBD in molecular imaging and post-mortem studies. Additionally, a recent hypothesis points to a common mechanism of prion-like progression of these pathological proteins, via neural circuits, in both AD and LBD. This suggests a need for understanding connectomics and their alterations in AD and LBD from both pathological and functional perspectives. In AD, reduced connectivity in the default mode network is considered a hallmark of the disease. In LBD, previous studies have emphasized abnormalities in the basal ganglia and sensorimotor networks; however, these account for movement disorders only. Knowledge about network abnormalities common to AD and LBD is scarce because few previous neuroimaging studies investigated AD and LBD as a comprehensive cohort. In this paper, we review research on the distribution and interactions of pathological proteins in the brain in AD and LBD, after briefly summarizing their clinical and neuropsychological manifestations. We also describe the brain functional and connectivity changes following abnormal protein accumulation in AD and LBD. Finally, we argue for the necessity of neuroimaging studies that examine AD and LBD cases as a continuous spectrum especially from the proteinopathy and neurocircuitopathy viewpoints. The findings from such a unified AD and Parkinson's disease (PD) cohort study should provide a new comprehensive perspective and key data for guiding disease modification therapies targeting the pathological proteins in AD and LBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noritaka Wakasugi
- Integrative Brain Imaging Center, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Hanakawa
- Integrative Brain Imaging Center, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Integrated Neuroanatomy and Neuroimaging, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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18
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Russo MJ, Orru CD, Concha-Marambio L, Giaisi S, Groveman BR, Farris CM, Holguin B, Hughson AG, LaFontant DE, Caspell-Garcia C, Coffey CS, Mollon J, Hutten SJ, Merchant K, Heym RG, Soto C, Caughey B, Kang UJ. High diagnostic performance of independent alpha-synuclein seed amplification assays for detection of early Parkinson's disease. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2021; 9:179. [PMID: 34742348 PMCID: PMC8572469 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-021-01282-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Alpha-synuclein seed amplification assays (αSyn-SAAs) are promising diagnostic tools for Parkinson's disease (PD) and related synucleinopathies. They enable detection of seeding-competent alpha-synuclein aggregates in living patients and have shown high diagnostic accuracy in several PD and other synucleinopathy patient cohorts. However, there has been confusion about αSyn-SAAs for their methodology, nomenclature, and relative accuracies when performed by various laboratories. We compared αSyn-SAA results obtained from three independent laboratories to evaluate reproducibility across methodological variations. We utilized the Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative (PPMI) cohort, with DATSCAN data available for comparison, since clinical diagnosis of early de novo PD is critical for neuroprotective trials, which often use dopamine transporter imaging to enrich their cohorts. Blinded cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples for a randomly selected subset of PPMI subjects (30 PD, 30 HC, and 20 SWEDD), from both baseline and year 3 collections for the PD and HC groups (140 total CSF samples) were analyzed in parallel by each lab according to their own established and optimized αSyn-SAA protocols. The αSyn-SAA results were remarkably similar across laboratories, displaying high diagnostic performance (sensitivity ranging from 86 to 96% and specificity from 93 to 100%). The assays were also concordant for samples with results that differed from clinical diagnosis, including 2 PD patients determined to be clinically inconsistent with PD at later time points. All three assays also detected 2 SWEDD subjects as αSyn-SAA positive who later developed PD with abnormal DAT-SPECT. These multi-laboratory results confirm the reproducibility and value of αSyn-SAA as diagnostic tools, illustrate reproducibility of the assay in expert hands, and suggest that αSyn-SAA has potential to provide earlier diagnosis with comparable or superior accuracy to existing methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco J. Russo
- grid.137628.90000 0004 1936 8753The Marlene and Paolo Fresco Institute for Parkinson’s & Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Neuroscience Institute, The Parekh Center for Interdisciplinary Neurology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY USA
| | - Christina D. Orru
- grid.419681.30000 0001 2164 9667Laboratory of Persistent Viral Diseases, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT USA
| | | | - Simone Giaisi
- grid.467162.00000 0004 4662 2788AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Bradley R. Groveman
- grid.419681.30000 0001 2164 9667Laboratory of Persistent Viral Diseases, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT USA
| | | | - Bret Holguin
- grid.504117.6R&D Unit, Amprion Inc., San Diego, CA USA
| | - Andrew G. Hughson
- grid.419681.30000 0001 2164 9667Laboratory of Persistent Viral Diseases, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT USA
| | - David-Erick LaFontant
- grid.214572.70000 0004 1936 8294Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA USA
| | - Chelsea Caspell-Garcia
- grid.214572.70000 0004 1936 8294Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA USA
| | - Christopher S. Coffey
- grid.214572.70000 0004 1936 8294Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA USA
| | - Jennifer Mollon
- grid.467162.00000 0004 4662 2788AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Samantha J. Hutten
- grid.430781.90000 0004 5907 0388Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson’s Research, New York, NY USA
| | - Kalpana Merchant
- grid.16753.360000 0001 2299 3507Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Roland G. Heym
- grid.467162.00000 0004 4662 2788AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Claudio Soto
- grid.504117.6R&D Unit, Amprion Inc., San Diego, CA USA ,grid.267308.80000 0000 9206 2401Mitchell Center for Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Brain Disorders, Department of Neurology, University of Texas Houston Medical School, Houston, TX USA
| | - Byron Caughey
- grid.419681.30000 0001 2164 9667Laboratory of Persistent Viral Diseases, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT USA
| | - Un Jung Kang
- grid.137628.90000 0004 1936 8753The Marlene and Paolo Fresco Institute for Parkinson’s & Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Neuroscience Institute, The Parekh Center for Interdisciplinary Neurology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY USA
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19
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Mehra S, Gadhe L, Bera R, Sawner AS, Maji SK. Structural and Functional Insights into α-Synuclein Fibril Polymorphism. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1419. [PMID: 34680054 PMCID: PMC8533119 DOI: 10.3390/biom11101419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal accumulation of aggregated α-synuclein (α-Syn) is seen in a variety of neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson's disease (PD), multiple system atrophy (MSA), dementia with Lewy body (DLB), Parkinson's disease dementia (PDD), and even subsets of Alzheimer's disease (AD) showing Lewy-body-like pathology. These synucleinopathies exhibit differences in their clinical and pathological representations, reminiscent of prion disorders. Emerging evidence suggests that α-Syn self-assembles and polymerizes into conformationally diverse polymorphs in vitro and in vivo, similar to prions. These α-Syn polymorphs arising from the same precursor protein may exhibit strain-specific biochemical properties and the ability to induce distinct pathological phenotypes upon their inoculation in animal models. In this review, we discuss clinical and pathological variability in synucleinopathies and several aspects of α-Syn fibril polymorphism, including the existence of high-resolution molecular structures and brain-derived strains. The current review sheds light on the recent advances in delineating the structure-pathogenic relationship of α-Syn and how diverse α-Syn molecular polymorphs contribute to the existing clinical heterogeneity in synucleinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surabhi Mehra
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, IIT Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India; (L.G.); (R.B.); (A.S.S.)
| | | | | | | | - Samir K. Maji
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, IIT Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India; (L.G.); (R.B.); (A.S.S.)
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20
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Nakajima K, Toda H, Yamaguchi K, So M, Ikenaka K, Mochizuki H, Goto Y, Ogi H. Half-Time Heat Map Reveals Ultrasonic Effects on Morphology and Kinetics of Amyloidogenic Aggregation Reaction. ACS Chem Neurosci 2021; 12:3456-3466. [PMID: 34467753 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultrasonication has been recently adopted in amyloid-fibril assays because of its ability to accelerate fibril formation, being promising in the early stage diagnosis of amyloidoses in clinical applications. Although applications of this technique are expanding in the field of protein science, its effects on the aggregation reactions of amyloidogenic proteins are poorly understood. In this study, we comprehensively investigated the morphology and structure of resultant aggregates, kinetics of fibril formation, and seed-detection sensitivity under ultrasonication using β2-microglobulin and compared these characteristics under shaking, which has been traditionally adopted in amyloid-fibril assays. To discuss the ultrasonic effects on the amyloid-fibril formation, we propose the half-time heat map, which describes the phase diagram of the aggregation reaction of amyloidogenic proteins. The experimental results show that ultrasonication greatly promotes fibril formation, especially in dilute monomer solutions, induces short-dispersed fibrils, and is capable of detecting ultra-trace-concentration seeds with a detection limit of 10 fM. Furthermore, we indicate that ultrasonication highly alters the energy landscape of an aggregation reaction due to the effect of ultrasonic cavitation. These insights contribute not only to our understanding of the effects of agitation on amyloidogenic aggregation reactions but also to their effective application in the clinical diagnosis of amyloidoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kichitaro Nakajima
- Global Center for Medical Engineering and Informatics, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hajime Toda
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Keiichi Yamaguchi
- Global Center for Medical Engineering and Informatics, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masatomo So
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
| | - Kensuke Ikenaka
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hideki Mochizuki
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yuji Goto
- Global Center for Medical Engineering and Informatics, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hirotsugu Ogi
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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21
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Ham S, Yun SP, Kim H, Kim D, Seo BA, Kim H, Shin JY, Dar MA, Lee GH, Lee YI, Kim D, Kim S, Kweon HS, Shin JH, Ko HS, Lee Y. Amyloid-like oligomerization of AIMP2 contributes to α-synuclein interaction and Lewy-like inclusion. Sci Transl Med 2021; 12:12/569/eaax0091. [PMID: 33177178 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aax0091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Lewy bodies are pathological protein inclusions present in the brain of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). These inclusions consist mainly of α-synuclein with associated proteins, such as parkin and its substrate aminoacyl transfer RNA synthetase complex-interacting multifunctional protein-2 (AIMP2). Although AIMP2 has been suggested to be toxic to dopamine neurons, its roles in α-synuclein aggregation and PD pathogenesis are largely unknown. Here, we found that AIMP2 exhibits a self-aggregating property. The AIMP2 aggregate serves as a seed to increase α-synuclein aggregation via specific and direct binding to the α-synuclein monomer. The coexpression of AIMP2 and α-synuclein in cell cultures and in vivo resulted in the rapid formation of α-synuclein aggregates with a corresponding increase in toxicity. Moreover, accumulated AIMP2 in mouse brain was largely redistributed to insoluble fractions, correlating with the α-synuclein pathology. Last, we found that α-synuclein preformed fibril (PFF) seeding, adult Parkin deletion, or oxidative stress triggered a redistribution of both AIMP2 and α-synuclein into insoluble fraction in cells and in vivo. Supporting the pathogenic role of AIMP2, AIMP2 knockdown ameliorated the α-synuclein aggregation and dopaminergic cell death in response to PFF or 6-hydroxydopamine treatment. Together, our results suggest that AIMP2 plays a pathological role in the aggregation of α-synuclein in mice. Because AIMP2 insolubility and coaggregation with α-synuclein have been seen in the PD Lewy body, targeting pathologic AIMP2 aggregation might be useful as a therapeutic strategy for neurodegenerative α-synucleinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangwoo Ham
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute (SBRI), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea.,ToolGen Inc., Seoul 08501, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Pil Yun
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.,Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Hyojung Kim
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute (SBRI), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghoon Kim
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.,Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Bo Am Seo
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.,Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Heejeong Kim
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute (SBRI), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Yong Shin
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute (SBRI), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Mohamad Aasif Dar
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.,Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Gum Hwa Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Il Lee
- Well Aging Research Center, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea.,Companion Diagnostics and Medical Technology Research Group, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Doyeun Kim
- Medicinal Bioconvergence Research Center, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, Republic of Korea.,College of Pharmacy and School of Medicine, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunghoon Kim
- Medicinal Bioconvergence Research Center, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, Republic of Korea.,College of Pharmacy and School of Medicine, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Seok Kweon
- Center for Research Equipment, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju 28119, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo-Ho Shin
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute (SBRI), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Seok Ko
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. .,Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Yunjong Lee
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute (SBRI), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea.
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22
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Kim C, Kwon S, Iba M, Spencer B, Rockenstein E, Mante M, Adame A, Shin SJ, Fields JA, Rissman RA, Lee SJ, Masliah E. Effects of innate immune receptor stimulation on extracellular α-synuclein uptake and degradation by brain resident cells. Exp Mol Med 2021; 53:281-290. [PMID: 33594256 PMCID: PMC8080790 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-021-00562-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Synucleinopathies are age-related neurological disorders characterized by the progressive deposition of α-synuclein (α-syn) aggregates and include Parkinson’s disease (PD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). Although cell-to-cell α-syn transmission is thought to play a key role in the spread of α-syn pathology, the detailed mechanism is still unknown. Neuroinflammation is another key pathological feature of synucleinopathies. Previous studies have identified several immune receptors that mediate neuroinflammation in synucleinopathies, such as Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2). However, the species of α-syn aggregates varies from study to study, and how different α-syn aggregate species interact with innate immune receptors has yet to be addressed. Therefore, we investigated whether innate immune receptors can facilitate the uptake of different species of α-syn aggregates. Here, we examined whether stimulation of TLRs could modulate the cellular uptake and degradation of α-syn fibrils despite a lack of direct interaction. We observed that stimulation of TLR2 in vitro accelerated α-syn fibril uptake in neurons and glia while delaying the degradation of α-syn in neurons and astrocytes. Internalized α-syn was rapidly degraded in microglia regardless of whether TLR2 was stimulated. However, cellular α-syn uptake and degradation kinetics were not altered by TLR4 stimulation. In addition, upregulation of TLR2 expression in a synucleinopathy mouse model increased the density of Lewy-body-like inclusions and induced morphological changes in microglia. Together, these results suggest that cell type-specific modulation of TLR2 may be a multifaceted and promising therapeutic strategy for synucleinopathies; inhibition of neuronal and astroglial TLR2 decreases pathogenic α-syn transmission, but activation of microglial TLR2 enhances microglial extracellular α-syn clearance. New treatments for neurological disorders could target immune receptors associated with the build-up of protein aggregates in neurons. Synucleinopathies are characterized by abnormal deposition of α-synuclein, but the mechanism how α-synuclein spreads between cells is still elusive. Changyoun Kim and Eliezer Masliah at the National Institutes of Health in Bethesda, USA, and co-workers investigated indirect role of TLR2 in α-synuclein spreading. TLR2 has been known to interact with β-sheet-enriched oligomeric forms of α-synuclein, but not with fibrilar forms of α-synuclein (fibril). Herein, the authors found that TLR2 stimulation accelerated the uptake of fibrils in both neurons and glial cells, delayed degradation of internalized fibrils and worsen α-synuclein pathology in mouse brains. The study provides indirect modulation of α-synuclein spearding via innate immune receptor which might be a potential therapy for synucleinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changyoun Kim
- Molecular Neuropathology Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Somin Kwon
- Molecular Neuropathology Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Michiyo Iba
- Molecular Neuropathology Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Brian Spencer
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Edward Rockenstein
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Michael Mante
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Anthony Adame
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Soo Jean Shin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Neuroscience Research Institute, and Department of Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Jerel A Fields
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Robert A Rissman
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Seung-Jae Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Neuroscience Research Institute, and Department of Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Eliezer Masliah
- Molecular Neuropathology Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA. .,Division of Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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23
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Ferreira NDC, Caughey B. Proteopathic Seed Amplification Assays for Neurodegenerative Disorders. Clin Lab Med 2020; 40:257-270. [PMID: 32718498 DOI: 10.1016/j.cll.2020.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The need for etiological biomarkers for neurodegenerative diseases involving protein aggregation has prompted development of ultrasensitive cellular and cell-free assays based on the prion-like seeding capacity of such aggregates. Among them, prion RT-QuIC assays allow accurate antemortem Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease diagnosis using cerebrospinal fluid and nasal brushings. Analogous assays for synucleinopathies (e.g., Parkinson disease and dementia with Lewy bodies) provide unprecedented diagnostic sensitivity using cerebrospinal fluid. Biosensor cell and tau RT-QuIC assays can detect and discriminate tau aggregates associated with multiple tauopathies (e.g., Alzheimer disease and frontotemporal degeneration). An expanding panel of seed amplification assays should improve diagnostics and therapeutics development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natália do Carmo Ferreira
- Laboratory of Persistent Viral Diseases, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute for Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 903 South 4th Street, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA
| | - Byron Caughey
- Laboratory of Persistent Viral Diseases, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute for Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 903 South 4th Street, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA.
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24
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Polissidis A, Petropoulou-Vathi L, Nakos-Bimpos M, Rideout HJ. The Future of Targeted Gene-Based Treatment Strategies and Biomarkers in Parkinson's Disease. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E912. [PMID: 32560161 PMCID: PMC7355671 DOI: 10.3390/biom10060912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomarkers and disease-modifying therapies are both urgent unmet medical needs in the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD) and must be developed concurrently because of their interdependent relationship: biomarkers for the early detection of disease (i.e., prior to overt neurodegeneration) are necessary in order for patients to receive maximal therapeutic benefit and vice versa; disease-modifying therapies must become available for patients whose potential for disease diagnosis and prognosis can be predicted with biomarkers. This review provides an overview of the milestones achieved to date in the therapeutic strategy development of disease-modifying therapies and biomarkers for PD, with a focus on the most common and advanced genetically linked targets alpha-synuclein (SNCA), leucine-rich repeat kinase-2 (LRRK2) and glucocerebrosidase (GBA1). Furthermore, we discuss the convergence of the different pathways and the importance of patient stratification and how these advances may apply more broadly to idiopathic PD. The heterogeneity of PD poses a challenge for therapeutic and biomarker development, however, the one gene- one target approach has brought us closer than ever before to an unprecedented number of clinical trials and biomarker advancements.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hardy J. Rideout
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Centre for Clinical, Experimental Surgery & Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (A.P.); (L.P.-V.); (M.N.-B.)
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25
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O'Hara DM, Kalia SK, Kalia LV. Methods for detecting toxic α-synuclein species as a biomarker for Parkinson's disease. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2020; 57:291-307. [PMID: 32116096 DOI: 10.1080/10408363.2019.1711359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the most common neurodegenerative movement disorder and is characterized by the accumulation of α-synuclein (α-syn) into insoluble aggregates known as Lewy bodies and Lewy neurites in the brain. However, prior to the formation of these large aggregates, α-syn forms oligomers and small fibrils, which are believed to be the pathogenic species leading to the death of neurons in the substantia nigra in disease. The majority of aggregated α-syn is phosphorylated, and it is thought that this post-translational modification may be critical in disease pathogenesis. Thus, early detection of the toxic forms of α-syn may provide a window of opportunity for an intervention to halt or slow the progression of neurodegeneration in PD. Expression of α-syn is not restricted to the central nervous system and the protein can be found elsewhere, including bodily fluids and peripheral tissues. This review will examine current methods for detecting toxic forms of α-syn in accessible biospecimens and outline emerging techniques that may provide reliable identification of biomarkers for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren M O'Hara
- Krembil Research Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Suneil K Kalia
- Krembil Research Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Lorraine V Kalia
- Krembil Research Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease and the Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada.,Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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26
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Tada S, Nomoto M, Yamanishi Y, Miyaue N, Ando R, Yabe H, Nagai M. The marked decrease in cardiac MIBG-uptake correlates with the severity of sleep disturbance in patients with Parkinson’s disease. Sleep Biol Rhythms 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s41105-020-00253-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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27
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Gold-nanourchin seeded single-walled carbon nanotube on voltammetry sensor for diagnosing neurogenerative Parkinson’s disease. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1094:142-150. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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