1
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Vulpetti A, Rondeau JM, Bellance MH, Blank J, Boesch R, Boettcher A, Bornancin F, Buhr S, Connor LE, Dumelin CE, Esser O, Hediger M, Hintermann S, Hommel U, Koch E, Lapointe G, Leder L, Lehmann S, Lehr P, Meier P, Muller L, Ostermeier D, Ramage P, Schiebel-Haddad S, Smith AB, Stojanovic A, Velcicky J, Yamamoto R, Hurth K. Ligandability Assessment of IL-1β by Integrated Hit Identification Approaches. J Med Chem 2024; 67:8141-8160. [PMID: 38728572 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c00240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Human interleukin-1β (IL-1β) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that plays a critical role in the regulation of the immune response and the development of various inflammatory diseases. In this publication, we disclose our efforts toward the discovery of IL-1β binders that interfere with IL-1β signaling. To this end, several technologies were used in parallel, including fragment-based screening (FBS), DNA-encoded library (DEL) technology, peptide discovery platform (PDP), and virtual screening. The utilization of distinct technologies resulted in the identification of new chemical entities exploiting three different sites on IL-1β, all of them also inhibiting the interaction with the IL-1R1 receptor. Moreover, we identified lysine 103 of IL-1β as a target residue suitable for the development of covalent, low-molecular-weight IL-1β antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Vulpetti
- Biomedical Research, Novartis, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Jutta Blank
- Biomedical Research, Novartis, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ralf Boesch
- Biomedical Research, Novartis, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Sylvia Buhr
- Biomedical Research, Novartis, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Oliver Esser
- Biomedical Research, Novartis, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Ulrich Hommel
- Biomedical Research, Novartis, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Elke Koch
- Biomedical Research, Novartis, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Lukas Leder
- Biomedical Research, Novartis, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sylvie Lehmann
- Biomedical Research, Novartis, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Lehr
- Biomedical Research, Novartis, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Peter Meier
- Biomedical Research, Novartis, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Lionel Muller
- Biomedical Research, Novartis, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Paul Ramage
- Biomedical Research, Novartis, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - Juraj Velcicky
- Biomedical Research, Novartis, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Rina Yamamoto
- Biomedical Research, Novartis, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
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2
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Sugiura K, Fujita H, Komine M, Yamanaka K, Akiyama M. The role of interleukin-36 in health and disease states. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2024. [PMID: 38779986 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.19935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
The interleukin (IL)-1 superfamily upregulates immune responses and maintains homeostasis between the innate and adaptive immune systems. Within the IL-1 superfamily, IL-36 plays a pivotal role in both innate and adaptive immune responses. Of the four IL-36 isoforms, three have agonist activity (IL-36α, IL-36β, IL-36γ) and the fourth has antagonist activity (IL-36 receptor antagonist [IL-36Ra]). All IL-36 isoforms bind to the IL-36 receptor (IL-36R). Binding of IL-36α/β/γ to the IL-36R recruits the IL-1 receptor accessory protein (IL-1RAcP) and activates downstream signalling pathways mediated by nuclear transcription factor kappa B and mitogen-activated protein kinase signalling pathways. Antagonist binding of IL-36Ra to IL-36R inhibits recruitment of IL-1RAcP, blocking downstream signalling pathways. Changes in the balance within the IL-36 cytokine family can lead to uncontrolled inflammatory responses throughout the body. As such, IL-36 has been implicated in numerous inflammatory diseases, notably a type of pustular psoriasis called generalized pustular psoriasis (GPP), a chronic, rare, potentially life-threatening, multisystemic skin disease characterised by recurrent fever and extensive sterile pustules. In GPP, IL-36 is central to disease pathogenesis, and the prevention of IL-36-mediated signalling can improve clinical outcomes. In this review, we summarize the literature describing the biological functions of the IL-36 pathway. We also consider the evidence for uncontrolled activation of the IL-36 pathway in a wide range of skin (e.g., plaque psoriasis, pustular psoriasis, hidradenitis suppurativa, acne, Netherton syndrome, atopic dermatitis and pyoderma gangrenosum), lung (e.g., idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis), gut (e.g., intestinal fibrosis, inflammatory bowel disease and Hirschsprung's disease), kidney (e.g., renal tubulointerstitial lesions) and infectious diseases caused by a variety of pathogens (e.g., COVID-19; Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus pneumoniae infections), as well as in cancer. We also consider how targeting the IL-36 signalling pathway could be used in treating inflammatory disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazumitsu Sugiura
- Department of Dermatology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Hideki Fujita
- Department of Dermatology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mayumi Komine
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Keiichi Yamanaka
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Tsu, Japan
| | - Masashi Akiyama
- Department of Dermatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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3
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Golob-Schwarzl N, Pilic J, Benezeder T, Bordag N, Painsi C, Wolf P. Eukaryotic Initiation Factor 4E (eIF4E) as a Target of Anti-Psoriatic Treatment. J Invest Dermatol 2024; 144:500-508.e3. [PMID: 37865179 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2022.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
Eukaryotic initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) has been known to play a critical role in the regulation of gene expression and essential cellular processes, such as proliferation, apoptosis and differentiation. In this study, we explored its role in the pathophysiology of psoriasis. The inhibition of eIF4E by small interfering RNA or briciclib, an eIF4E small molecule inhibitor, downregulated the expression of eIF4E itself and its two complex partners eIF4A and G, as well as other eIFs (eg, eIF1A, eIF2α, eIF3A, eIF3B, eIF5, and eIF6). This inhibition also abolished psoriatic inflammation in both the imiquimod and TGFß mouse model, as well as in a human 3 dimensional-psoriasis tissue model. Downregulation of eIF4E and the other eIFs by application of briciclib (particularly when given topically) was linked to the normalization of cellular proliferation, epidermal hyperplasia, levels of proinflammatory cytokines (eg, TNFα, IL-1b, IL-17, and IL-22), and keratinocyte differentiation markers (eg, KRT16 and FLG). These results demonstrate translational imbalance and underline the crucial role played by eIF4E and other eIFs in the pathophysiology of psoriasis. This work opens up avenues for the development of novel topical antipsoriatic treatment strategies by targeting eIF4E.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Johannes Pilic
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Theresa Benezeder
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Natalie Bordag
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Clemens Painsi
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Klinikum Klagenfurt am Wörthersee, Klagenfurt, Austria
| | - Peter Wolf
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Medical University of Graz, Austria; BioTechMed Graz, Graz, Austria.
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4
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Vasudevan B, Das P, Bhatt S. Pustular psoriasis: A distinct aetiopathogenic and clinical entity. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 2024; 90:19-29. [PMID: 37317717 DOI: 10.25259/ijdvl_542_2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Pustular psoriasis is a distinct subset of psoriasis that presents with involvement of the skin in the form of sterile pustules along with systemic manifestations. Though it has been conventionally grouped under the umbrella of psoriasis, recent research has shed light on its pathogenetic mechanisms associated with the IL-36 pathway, which is distinct from conventional psoriasis. Pustular psoriasis in itself is a heterogeneous entity consisting of various subtypes, including generalised, localised, acute, and chronic forms. There is confusion regarding its current classification as entities like deficiency of IL-36 antagonist (DITRA) which are closely related to pustular psoriasis both in their pathogenetic mechanism and its clinical manifestations, are not included under pustular psoriasis. Entities like palmoplantar pustulosis, which presents with similar clinical features but is pathogenetically distinct from other forms of pustular psoriasis, are included under this condition. Management of pustular psoriasis depends upon its severity; while some of the localised variants can be managed with topical therapy alone, the generalised variants like Von Zumbusch disease and impetigo herpetiformis may need intensive care unit admission and tailor-made treatment protocols. The advent of newer biologics and better insight into the pathogenesis of pustular psoriasis has opened the way for newer therapies, including tumour necrosis factor-alpha inhibitors, interleukin-1 inhibitors, interleukin-17 inhibitors, and granulocyte monocyte apheresis. It continues to be an enigma whether pustular psoriasis is actually a variant of psoriasis or an entirely different disease entity, though we feel that it is an entirely different disease process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biju Vasudevan
- Department of Dermatology, Armed Forces Medical College (AFMC), Wanowarie, Pune, India
| | - Pankaj Das
- Department of Dermatology, Armed Forces Medical College (AFMC), Wanowarie, Pune, India
| | - Siddharth Bhatt
- Department of Dermatology, Armed Forces Medical College (AFMC), Wanowarie, Pune, India
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5
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Doğan K, Büyüktuna SA. IL-36 signaling pathway dysregulation in Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus patients: A potential therapeutic avenue. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29347. [PMID: 38152020 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a severe viral disease. The scientific literature is growing, emphasizing the significance of the interleukin (IL)-36 family in the proinflammatory signaling pathway. However, to date, no research has explored the potential of IL-36 family members as biomarkers in CCHF. This study aims to bridge this gap by evaluating IL-36α, IL-36β, and IL-36γ levels in CCHF patients and healthy controls and investigating their association with disease severity and prognosis. Sixty confirmed CCHF patients and 29 healthy controls were enrolled in this case-control study. Serum levels of IL-36α, IL-36β, and IL-36γ were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Significantly higher levels of IL-36α and IL-36β were observed in CCHF patients compared to healthy controls (p < 0.05). However, no statistically significant changes were found in IL-36γ levels between the two groups. Among the CCHF patients, those who did not survive exhibited significantly elevated IL-36α and IL-36γ levels compared to survivors (p < 0.01). Positive correlations were identified between IL-36α and IL-36γ levels with activated partial thromboplastin time, and D-dimer (p < 0.01). Conversely, platelet levels showed a negative correlation with IL-36α and IL-36γ levels (p < 0.01). The increased levels of IL-36α, IL-36β, and IL-36γ in patients indicate their participation in proinflammatory reactions in CCHF patients. Understanding the role of IL-36 family members in CCHF pathogenesis could offer valuable insights into disease progression and facilitate the development of targeted therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kübra Doğan
- Department of Biochemistry, Sivas Numune Hospital, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Seyit A Büyüktuna
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinic Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Sivas Cumhuriyet, Sivas, Turkey
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6
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Fischer B, Kübelbeck T, Kolb A, Ringen J, Waisman A, Wittmann M, Karbach S, Kölsch SM, Kramer D. IL-17A-driven psoriasis is critically dependent on IL-36 signaling. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1256133. [PMID: 38162658 PMCID: PMC10754973 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1256133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Plaque psoriasis is an autoinflammatory and autoimmune skin disease, affecting 1-3% of the population worldwide. Previously, high levels of IL-36 family cytokines were found in psoriatic skin lesions, thereby contributing to keratinocyte hyperproliferation and infiltration of immune cells such as neutrophils. While treatment with anti-IL36 receptor (IL36R) antibodies was recently approved for generalized pustular psoriasis (GPP), it remains unclear, if targeting the IL36R might also inhibit plaque psoriasis. Here we show that antibody-mediated inhibition of IL36R is sufficient to suppress imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like skin inflammation and represses the disease's development in a model that depends on IL-17A overexpression in the skin. Importantly, treatment with anti-IL36R antibodies inhibited skin inflammation and attenuated psoriasis-associated, systemic inflammation. This is possibly due to a widespread effect of IL36R inhibition, which not only suppresses pro-inflammatory gene expression in keratinocytes, but also the activation of other immune cells such as T-cells or dendritic cells. In conclusion, we propose that inhibition of the IL-36 signaling pathway might constitute an attractive, alternative approach for treating IL-17A-driven psoriasis and psoriasis-linked comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berenice Fischer
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Tanja Kübelbeck
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Antonia Kolb
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Julia Ringen
- Center for Cardiology- Cardiology I, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ari Waisman
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Research Center for Immunotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Miriam Wittmann
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Susanne Karbach
- Center for Cardiology- Cardiology I, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) – Partner Site Rhine-Main, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Stephan Marcus Kölsch
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Medical Affairs, Ingelheim am Rhein, Germany
| | - Daniela Kramer
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Research Center for Immunotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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7
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Hassi NK, Weston T, Rinaldi G, Ng JC, Smahi A, Twelves S, Davan-Wetton C, Fakhreddine D, Fraternali F, Capon F. In Silico and In Vitro Analysis of IL36RN Alterations Reveals Critical Residues for the Function of the Interleukin-36 Receptor Complex. J Invest Dermatol 2023; 143:2468-2475.e6. [PMID: 37414245 PMCID: PMC10824670 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2023.06.191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Generalized pustular psoriasis is a potentially life-threatening skin disease, associated with IL36RN disease alleles. IL36RN encodes the IL-36 receptor antagonist (IL-36Ra), a protein that downregulates the activity of IL-36 cytokines by blocking their receptor (IL-36R). Although generalized pustular psoriasis can be treated with IL-36R inhibitors, the structural underpinnings of the IL-36Ra/IL-36R interaction remain poorly understood. In this study, we sought to address this question by systematically investigating the effects of IL36RN sequence changes. We experimentally characterized the effects of 30 IL36RN variants on protein stability. In parallel, we used a machinelearning tool (Rhapsody) to analyze the IL-36Ra three-dimensional structure and predict the impact of all possible amino acid substitutions. This integrated approach identified 21 amino acids that are essential for IL-36Ra stability. We next investigated the effects of IL36RN changes on IL-36Ra/IL-36R binding and IL-36R signaling. Combining invitro assays and machine learning with a second program (mCSM), we identified 13 amino acids that are critical for IL-36Ra/IL36R engagement. Finally, we experimentally validated three representative predictions, further confirming the reliability of Rhapsody and mCSM. These findings shed light on the structural determinants of IL-36Ra activity, with potential to facilitate the design of new IL-36 inhibitors and aid the interpretation of IL36RN variants in diagnostic settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niina K Hassi
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Timir Weston
- Randall Centre for Cell & Molecular Biophysics, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Giulia Rinaldi
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Joseph C Ng
- Randall Centre for Cell & Molecular Biophysics, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Asma Smahi
- IMAGINE Institute INSERM UMR 1163, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Twelves
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Camilla Davan-Wetton
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dana Fakhreddine
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Franca Fraternali
- Randall Centre for Cell & Molecular Biophysics, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Francesca Capon
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
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8
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Hawkes JE, Visvanathan S, Krueger JG. The role of the interleukin-36 axis in generalized pustular psoriasis: a review of the mechanism of action of spesolimab. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1292941. [PMID: 38077370 PMCID: PMC10703363 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1292941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Generalized pustular psoriasis (GPP) is a rare, chronic, inflammatory skin disorder characterized by recurrent flares associated with skin erythema, desquamation, and widespread superficial sterile pustules, which may be severe ("lakes of pus"). Systemic symptoms are often present, including malaise, fever, and skin pain. In GPP, innate immune responses are driven by abnormal activation of the interleukin (IL)-36-chemokine-neutrophil axis and excessive neutrophil infiltration. This review highlights the IL-36 pathway in the context of the IL-1 superfamily and describes how unopposed IL-36 signaling can lead to the development of GPP. Targeted inhibition of the IL-36 receptor (IL-36R) is an attractive therapeutic strategy in the treatment of GPP, including flare prevention and sustained disease control. Spesolimab is a first-in-class, humanized, monoclonal antibody that binds specifically to the IL-36R and antagonizes IL-36 signaling. Spesolimab was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration in September 2022 to treat GPP flares in adults and was subsequently approved for GPP flare treatment in other countries across the world. Anti-IL-36R therapy, such as spesolimab, can mitigate flares and address flare prevention in GPP, presumably through rebalancing IL-36 signaling and modulating the pro-inflammatory response of the downstream effectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason E. Hawkes
- Integrative Skin Science and Research and Pacific Skin Institute, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Sudha Visvanathan
- Translational Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, CT, United States
| | - James G. Krueger
- Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, United States
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9
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Su Z, Slivka P, Paulsboe S, Chu K, Wetter JB, Namovic M, Perron D, Kannan A, Wan Q, Manning C, Todorovic V, Smith KM, Lipovsky A, Wang Y, Frank K, McGaraughty S, Loud J, Scott VE, Honore P, Goedken ER. Importance of PLD2 in an IL-23 driven psoriasiform dermatitis model and potential link to human psoriasis. J Dermatol 2023; 50:1321-1329. [PMID: 37455419 DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.16899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Phospholipase D2 (PLD2), a major isoform of the PLD family, has been reported to regulate inflammatory responses. Thus far, the relevance of PLD2 in psoriasis, an inflammatory skin disease, has not been explored. In the current study, we examined PLD2 expression in the skin of psoriasis patients and the role of PLD2 in an interleukin (IL)-23-induced mouse model of psoriasiform dermatitis. Both in situ hybridization and bulk RNA sequencing showed PLD2 gene expression is significantly higher in lesional relative to non-lesional skin of psoriasis patients or the skin of healthy subjects. PLD2 expression is also enriched in residual lesions from patients on biologic therapies. Murine in vivo studies showed that PLD2 deficiency significantly reduced psoriasiform inflammation in IL-23-injected ears, as reflected by decreases in ear thickness, expression of defensin beta 4A and the S100 calcium binding protein A7A, macrophage infiltrate, and expression of CXCL10 and IL-6. However, the expression of type 17 cytokines, IL-17A and IL-17F, were not reduced. Dual knockout of PLD1 and PLD2 offered little additional protection compared to PLD2 knockout alone in the IL-23 model. In addition, pharmacological inhibition with a pan-PLD1/PLD2 inhibitor also suppressed IL-23-induced psoriasiform dermatitis. Bone-marrow-derived macrophages from wild type (WT) and PLD2 knockout (KO) mice exhibited little difference in viability and sensitivity to lipopolysaccharide and/or interferon gamma, or resiquimod (R848). PLD2 deficiency did not alter the differentiation and function of Th17 cells in an ex vivo study with splenocytes isolated from WT and PLD2 KO mice. Overall, these data suggest that PLD2 may play a role in the pathophysiology of psoriasis. Reducing macrophage infiltrate and cytokine/chemokine production might contribute to an anti-inflammatory effect observed in PLD2 knockout mice. Further studies are required to better understand the mechanisms by which PLD2 contributes to skin lesions in psoriasis patients and psoriasiform dermatitis models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Su
- Dermatology Discovery, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Peter Slivka
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, AbbVie Inc., Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Katherine Chu
- Dermatology Discovery, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Joseph B Wetter
- Dermatology Discovery, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Marian Namovic
- Dermatology Discovery, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Denise Perron
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, AbbVie Inc., Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Arun Kannan
- Dermatology Discovery, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Qi Wan
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, AbbVie Inc., Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Charlene Manning
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, AbbVie Inc., Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Viktor Todorovic
- Dermatology Discovery, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Kathleen M Smith
- Cambridge Research Center, AbbVie Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alex Lipovsky
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, AbbVie Inc., Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yibing Wang
- Dermatology Discovery, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Kristine Frank
- Centralized Medicinal Chemistry, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Jacqueline Loud
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, AbbVie Inc., Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Victoria E Scott
- Dermatology Discovery, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Prisca Honore
- Dermatology Discovery, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Eric R Goedken
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, AbbVie Inc., Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
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10
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Hommel U, Hurth K, Rondeau JM, Vulpetti A, Ostermeier D, Boettcher A, Brady JP, Hediger M, Lehmann S, Koch E, Blechschmidt A, Yamamoto R, Tundo Dottorello V, Haenni-Holzinger S, Kaiser C, Lehr P, Lingel A, Mureddu L, Schleberger C, Blank J, Ramage P, Freuler F, Eder J, Bornancin F. Discovery of a selective and biologically active low-molecular weight antagonist of human interleukin-1β. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5497. [PMID: 37679328 PMCID: PMC10484922 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41190-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Human interleukin-1β (hIL-1β) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine involved in many diseases. While hIL-1β directed antibodies have shown clinical benefit, an orally available low-molecular weight antagonist is still elusive, limiting the applications of hIL-1β-directed therapies. Here we describe the discovery of a low-molecular weight hIL-1β antagonist that blocks the interaction with the IL-1R1 receptor. Starting from a low affinity fragment-based screening hit 1, structure-based optimization resulted in a compound (S)-2 that binds and antagonizes hIL-1β with single-digit micromolar activity in biophysical, biochemical, and cellular assays. X-ray analysis reveals an allosteric mode of action that involves a hitherto unknown binding site in hIL-1β encompassing two loops involved in hIL-1R1/hIL-1β interactions. We show that residues of this binding site are part of a conformationally excited state of the mature cytokine. The compound antagonizes hIL-1β function in cells, including primary human fibroblasts, demonstrating the relevance of this discovery for future development of hIL-1β directed therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Hommel
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, CH-4002, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Konstanze Hurth
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, CH-4002, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Jean-Michel Rondeau
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, CH-4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anna Vulpetti
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, CH-4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Daniela Ostermeier
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, CH-4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Boettcher
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, CH-4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jacob Peter Brady
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 250 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Michael Hediger
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, CH-4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sylvie Lehmann
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, CH-4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Elke Koch
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, CH-4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anke Blechschmidt
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, CH-4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Rina Yamamoto
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, CH-4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Christian Kaiser
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, CH-4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Lehr
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, CH-4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Lingel
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, CH-4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Luca Mureddu
- Leicester Institute of Structural and Chemical Biology, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Christian Schleberger
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, CH-4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jutta Blank
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, CH-4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Paul Ramage
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, CH-4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Felix Freuler
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, CH-4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Joerg Eder
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, CH-4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Frédéric Bornancin
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, CH-4002, Basel, Switzerland.
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11
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Lee HJ, Kim M. Challenges and Future Trends in the Treatment of Psoriasis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13313. [PMID: 37686119 PMCID: PMC10487560 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder, and current treatments include topical therapies, phototherapy, systemic immune modulators, and biologics, aiming to alleviate symptoms and improve quality of life. However, challenges persist, such as adverse effects, treatment resistance, high costs, and variability in response among individuals. The future of psoriasis treatment shows promising emerging trends. New biologic agents targeting novel pathways, such as interleukin 23 inhibitors like mirikizumab, offer enhanced efficacy. Small molecule inhibitors like RORγt inhibitors and ROCK2 inhibitors provide additional treatment options. Combination therapies, including biologics with methotrexate, may improve treatment response. Advancements in topical treatments utilizing microneedles and nanoparticle-based carriers can enhance drug delivery and improve therapeutic outcomes. Biomarkers and multi-omics technologies hold potential for personalized treatment approaches, thus aiding in diagnosis, predicting treatment response, and guiding therapeutic decisions. Collaboration among researchers, clinicians, and industry stakeholders is crucial to translating these scientific breakthroughs into clinical practice. By addressing current challenges and exploring these promising trends, we can optimize psoriasis management and improve the lives of those affected by this chronic condition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Miri Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Yeouido St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Yeongdeungpo-gu, Seoul 07345, Republic of Korea;
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12
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Kodali N, Blanchard I, Kunamneni S, Lebwohl MG. Current management of generalized pustular psoriasis. Exp Dermatol 2023; 32:1204-1218. [PMID: 36779681 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
Generalized pustular psoriasis (GPP) is a rare subset of psoriasis involving episodes of sterile pustules accompanied by inflammation and, often, systemic involvement. The inflammatory nature of GPP has potential for severe multisystem complications including high-output cardiac failure, infections, digestive system issues, and disfiguring or lethal acute flare episodes. The disease tends to have higher prevalence in females and Asians. The IL-1/IL-36 inflammatory pathway is a critical facet of GPP's pathology. Genetic mutations that are associated with GPP include modifications of Interleukin 36 Receptor Antagonist (IL36RN), Caspase Recruitment Domain Family Member 14 (CARD14), Adaptor Related Protein Complex 1 Subunit Sigma 3 (AP1S3), Myeloperoxidase (MPO) and Serpin Peptidase Inhibitor Clade A Member 3 (SERPINA3) genes. Treatment guidelines for GPP are not well-entrenched. Currently, only one GPP-specific treatment, the interleukin-36 receptor antagonist (IL-36Ra) spesolimab, has been approved for use in the United States. Additional anti-IL-36 pathway therapies are currently being developed. Other treatment options include other biologic therapies such as IL-17 inhibitors, IL-23 inhibitors and TNFα inhibitors. Non-biologic therapeutic options include retinoids, cyclosporine and methotrexate. Treatment options differ throughout the world; most countries utilize retinoids, cyclosporine and methotrexate as first-line non-biologic options. China and United Kingdom have no GPP-specific biologic therapies approved for use, while several biologic therapies are approved for use in Japan. This review aims to serve as an update on the current global management of GPP while also including relevant aspects of disease pathogenesis, diagnosis, clinical presentation, histopathology, aetiology and epidemiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilesh Kodali
- Department of Education, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Isabella Blanchard
- Department of Education, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Sruthi Kunamneni
- Department of Education, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Mark G Lebwohl
- Dermatology, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, USA
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13
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Yang SF, Lin MH, Chou PC, Hu SK, Shih SY, Yu HS, Yu S. Genetics of Generalized Pustular Psoriasis: Current Understanding and Implications for Future Therapeutics. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1297. [PMID: 37372477 DOI: 10.3390/genes14061297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by the appearance of clearly demarcated erythematous and scaly plaques. It can be divided into various types, including plaque, nail, guttate, inverse, and pustular psoriasis. Plaque psoriasis is the most commonly occurring type, though there is another rare but severe pustular autoinflammatory skin disease called generalized pustular psoriasis (GPP), which manifests with acute episodes of pustulation and systemic symptoms. Though the etiopathogenesis of psoriasis is not yet fully understood, a growing body of literature has demonstrated that both genetic and environmental factors play a role. The discovery of genetic mutations associated with GPP has shed light on our comprehension of the mechanisms of the disease, promoting the development of targeted therapies. This review will summarize genetic determinants as known and provide an update on the current and potential treatments for GPP. The pathogenesis and clinical presentation of the disease are also included for a comprehensive discussion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syuan-Fei Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Min-Huei Lin
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chen Chou
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Kai Hu
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Sin-Yi Shih
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Su Yu
- Department of Dermatology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Sebastian Yu
- Department of Dermatology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Neuroscience Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
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14
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Bettiol A, Fagni F, Mattioli I, Bagni G, Vitiello G, Grassi A, Della Bella C, Benagiano M, Troilo A, Holownia KS, Simon D, Argento FR, Sota J, Fabiani C, Becatti M, Fiorillo C, Schett G, Lopalco G, Cantarini L, Prisco D, Silvestri E, Emmi G, D'Elios MM. Serum Interleukin-36 α as a Candidate Biomarker to Distinguish Behçet's Syndrome and Psoriatic Arthritis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108817. [PMID: 37240162 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Behçet's syndrome (BS) is a rare systemic vasculitis characterized by different clinical manifestations. As no specific laboratory tests exist, the diagnosis relies on clinical criteria, and the differential diagnosis with other inflammatory diseases can be challenging. Indeed, in a relatively small proportion of patients, BS symptoms include only mucocutaneous, articular, gastrointestinal, and non-typical ocular manifestations, which are frequently found also in psoriatic arthritis (PsA). We investigate the ability of serum interleukin (IL)-36α-a pro-inflammatory cytokine involved in cutaneous and articular inflammatory diseases-to differentiate BS from PsA. A cross-sectional study was performed on 90 patients with BS, 80 with PsA and 80 healthy controls. Significantly lower IL-36α concentrations were found in patients with BS as compared to PsA, although in both groups IL-36α was significantly increased compared to healthy controls. An empirical cut-off of 420.6 pg/mL displayed a specificity of 0.93, with a sensitivity of 0.70 (AUC 0.82) in discriminating PsA from BS. This cut-off displayed a good diagnostic performance also in BS patients lacking highly specific BS manifestations. Our results indicate that IL-36α might be involved in the pathogenesis of both BS and PsA, and might be a candidate biomarker to support the differential diagnosis of BS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Bettiol
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Firenze, 50134 Firenze, Italy
| | - Filippo Fagni
- Department of Internal Medicine 3-Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Irene Mattioli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Firenze, 50134 Firenze, Italy
| | - Giacomo Bagni
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Firenze, 50134 Firenze, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Vitiello
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Firenze, 50134 Firenze, Italy
| | - Alessia Grassi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Firenze, 50134 Firenze, Italy
| | - Chiara Della Bella
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Firenze, 50134 Firenze, Italy
| | - Marisa Benagiano
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Firenze, 50134 Firenze, Italy
| | - Arianna Troilo
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Firenze, 50134 Firenze, Italy
| | | | - David Simon
- Department of Internal Medicine 3-Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Flavia Rita Argento
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Firenze, 50134 Firenze, Italy
| | - Jurgen Sota
- Department of Medical Sciences, Surgery and Neurosciences, Research Center of Systemic Autoinflammatory Diseases and Behçet's Disease Clinic, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Claudia Fabiani
- Ophthalmology Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Matteo Becatti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Firenze, 50134 Firenze, Italy
| | - Claudia Fiorillo
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Firenze, 50134 Firenze, Italy
| | - Georg Schett
- Department of Internal Medicine 3-Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Giuseppe Lopalco
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Emergency and Organs Transplantation (DETO), University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Luca Cantarini
- Department of Medical Sciences, Surgery and Neurosciences, Research Center of Systemic Autoinflammatory Diseases and Behçet's Disease Clinic, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Domenico Prisco
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Firenze, 50134 Firenze, Italy
| | - Elena Silvestri
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Firenze, 50134 Firenze, Italy
| | - Giacomo Emmi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Firenze, 50134 Firenze, Italy
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University Department of Medicine, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Mario Milco D'Elios
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
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15
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Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-36 cytokines are members of the IL-1 superfamily of cytokines. IL-36 cytokines are composed of three agonists (IL-36α, IL-36β, and IL-36γ) and two antagonists (IL-36 receptor antagonist [IL36Ra] and IL-38). These work in innate and acquired immunity and are known to contribute to host defense and to the pathogenesis of autoinflammatory diseases, autoimmune diseases, and infectious diseases. In the skin, IL-36α and IL-36γ are mainly expressed by keratinocytes in the epidermis, although they are also produced by dendritic cells, macrophages, endothelial cells, and dermal fibroblasts. IL-36 cytokines participate in the first-line defense of the skin against various exogenous assaults. IL-36 cytokines play significant roles in the host defense system and in the regulation of inflammatory pathways in the skin, collaborating with other cytokines/chemokines and immune-related molecules. Thus, numerous studies have shown IL-36 cytokines to play important roles in the pathogenesis of various skin diseases. In this context, the clinical efficacy and safety profiles of anti-IL-36 agents such as spesolimab and imsidolimab have been evaluated in patients with generalized pustular psoriasis, palmoplantar pustulosis, hidradenitis suppurativa, acne/acneiform eruptions, ichthyoses, and atopic dermatitis. This article comprehensively summarizes the roles played by IL-36 cytokines in the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of various skin diseases and summarizes the current state of research on therapeutic agents that target IL-36 cytokine pathways.
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16
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Frenay J, Bellaye PS, Oudot A, Helbling A, Petitot C, Ferrand C, Collin B, Dias AMM. IL-1RAP, a Key Therapeutic Target in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314918. [PMID: 36499246 PMCID: PMC9735758 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a major cause of death worldwide and especially in high- and upper-middle-income countries. Despite recent progress in cancer therapies, such as chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cells or antibody-drug conjugate (ADC), new targets expressed by the tumor cells need to be identified in order to selectively drive these innovative therapies to tumors. In this context, IL-1RAP recently showed great potential to become one of these new targets for cancer therapy. IL-1RAP is highly involved in the inflammation process through the interleukins 1, 33, and 36 (IL-1, IL-33, IL-36) signaling pathways. Inflammation is now recognized as a hallmark of carcinogenesis, suggesting that IL-1RAP could play a role in cancer development and progression. Furthermore, IL-1RAP was found overexpressed on tumor cells from several hematological and solid cancers, thus confirming its potential involvement in carcinogenesis. This review will first describe the structure and genetics of IL-1RAP as well as its role in tumor development. Finally, a focus will be made on the therapies based on IL-1RAP targeting, which are now under preclinical or clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jame Frenay
- Plateforme d'Imagerie et Radiothérapie Précliniques, Médecine Nucléaire, Centre Georges-François Leclerc, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Pierre-Simon Bellaye
- Plateforme d'Imagerie et Radiothérapie Précliniques, Médecine Nucléaire, Centre Georges-François Leclerc, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Alexandra Oudot
- Plateforme d'Imagerie et Radiothérapie Précliniques, Médecine Nucléaire, Centre Georges-François Leclerc, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Alex Helbling
- Plateforme d'Imagerie et Radiothérapie Précliniques, Médecine Nucléaire, Centre Georges-François Leclerc, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Camille Petitot
- Plateforme d'Imagerie et Radiothérapie Précliniques, Médecine Nucléaire, Centre Georges-François Leclerc, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Christophe Ferrand
- INSERM UMR1098, EFS BFC, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 25000 Besançon, France
- CanCell Therapeutics, 25000 Besançon, France
| | - Bertrand Collin
- Plateforme d'Imagerie et Radiothérapie Précliniques, Médecine Nucléaire, Centre Georges-François Leclerc, 21000 Dijon, France
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne, UMR CNRS 6302, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Alexandre M M Dias
- Plateforme d'Imagerie et Radiothérapie Précliniques, Médecine Nucléaire, Centre Georges-François Leclerc, 21000 Dijon, France
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17
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Iznardo H, Puig L. IL-1 Family Cytokines in Inflammatory Dermatoses: Pathogenetic Role and Potential Therapeutic Implications. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169479. [PMID: 36012744 PMCID: PMC9409147 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The interleukin-1 (IL-1) family is involved in the correct functioning and regulation of the innate immune system, linking innate and adaptative immune responses. This complex family is composed by several cytokines, receptors, and co-receptors, all working in a balanced way to maintain homeostasis. Dysregulation of these processes results in tissue inflammation and is involved in the pathogenesis of common inflammatory dermatoses such as psoriasis, hidradenitis suppurativa, and atopic dermatitis. Therefore, therapeutic targeting of IL-1 pathways has been studied, and several monoclonal antibodies are currently being assessed in clinical trials. So far, promising results have been obtained with anti-IL-36R spesolimab and imsidolimab in pustular psoriasis, and their efficacy is being tested in other conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Iznardo
- Dermatology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08041 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), 08041 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luís Puig
- Dermatology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08041 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), 08041 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence:
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18
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Sachen KL, Arnold Greving CN, Towne JE. Role of IL-36 cytokines in psoriasis and other inflammatory skin conditions. Cytokine 2022; 156:155897. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2022.155897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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19
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Dong H, Hao Y, Li W, Yang W, Gao P. IL-36 Cytokines: Their Roles in Asthma and Potential as a Therapeutic. Front Immunol 2022; 13:921275. [PMID: 35903102 PMCID: PMC9314646 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.921275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-36 cytokines are members of the IL-1 superfamily, which consists of three agonists (IL-36α, IL-36β and IL-36γ) and an IL-36 receptor antagonist (IL-36Ra). IL-36 cytokines are crucial for immune and inflammatory responses. Abnormal levels of IL-36 cytokine expression are involved in the pathogenesis of inflammation, autoimmunity, allergy and cancer. The present study provides a summary of recent reports on IL-36 cytokines that participate in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases, and the potential mechanisms underlying their roles in asthma. Abnormal levels of IL-36 cytokines are associated with the pathogenesis of different types of asthma through the regulation of the functions of different types of cells. Considering the important role of IL-36 cytokines in asthma, these may become a potential therapeutic target for asthma treatment. However, existing evidence is insufficient to fully elucidate the specific mechanism underlying the action of IL-36 cytokines during the pathological process of asthma. The possible mechanisms and functions of IL-36 cytokines in different types of asthma require further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongna Dong
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuqiu Hao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Peng Gao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Peng Gao,
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20
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Hernandez Santana YE, Irwin N, Walsh PT. IL-36: a therapeutic target for ulcerative colitis? Expert Opin Ther Targets 2022; 26:507-512. [PMID: 35634891 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2022.2084381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasmina E Hernandez Santana
- National Children's Research Centre, Children's Health Ireland Crumlin, Dublin 12, Ireland.,Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Naoise Irwin
- National Children's Research Centre, Children's Health Ireland Crumlin, Dublin 12, Ireland.,Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Patrick T Walsh
- National Children's Research Centre, Children's Health Ireland Crumlin, Dublin 12, Ireland.,Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
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21
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Reich K, Augustin M, Gerdes S, Ghoreschi K, Kokolakis G, Mößner R, Mrowietz U, Navarini AA, Pinter A, Schäkel K, Staubach P, Sticherling M, Thaçi D, Wilsmann-Theis D. Generalisierte pustulöse Psoriasis: Überblick zum Status quo und Ergebnisse einer Diskussionsrunde. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2022; 20:753-772. [PMID: 35711041 DOI: 10.1111/ddg.14764_g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kristian Reich
- Institut für Versorgungsforschung in der Dermatologie und bei Pflegeberufen, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE)
| | - Matthias Augustin
- Institut für Versorgungsforschung in der Dermatologie und bei Pflegeberufen, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE)
| | - Sascha Gerdes
- Psoriasis-Zentrum, Klinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel
| | - Kamran Ghoreschi
- Klinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, korporatives Mitglied der Freien Universität Berlin und der Humboldt- Universität zu Berlin
| | - Georgios Kokolakis
- Klinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, korporatives Mitglied der Freien Universität Berlin und der Humboldt- Universität zu Berlin
| | - Rotraut Mößner
- Klinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen
| | - Ulrich Mrowietz
- Psoriasis-Zentrum, Klinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel
| | | | - Andreas Pinter
- Klinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt am Main
| | - Knut Schäkel
- Abteilung für Dermatologie, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg
| | | | - Michael Sticherling
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie, Klinik für Dermatologie, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen
| | - Diamant Thaçi
- Institut für Entzündungsmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck
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22
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Reich K, Augustin M, Gerdes S, Ghoreschi K, Kokolakis G, Mößner R, Mrowietz U, Navarini AA, Pinter A, Schäkel K, Staubach P, Sticherling M, Thaçi D, Wilsmann-Theis D. Generalized pustular psoriasis: overview of the status quo and results of a panel discussion. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2022; 20:753-771. [PMID: 35674482 DOI: 10.1111/ddg.14764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Generalized pustular psoriasis (GPP) is a rare, severe, potentially life-threatening, autoinflammatory, neutrophilic skin disease that may be accompanied by fever and leukocytosis. This paper describes the current state of knowledge on GPP in terms of classification, (differential) diagnosis and prevalence. We present a comparison of the genetics and pathoimmunology of GPP and psoriasis vulgaris with the central mechanisms of autoimmunology and autoinflammation. The currently available therapeutic options, expert recommendations for therapy, and data from early clinical trials investigating targeted therapies will be summarized. We present the results of our discussion with 13 experts for psoriasis vulgaris and GPP and give an integrated overview of indication and therapy based on our personal experience and present an outlook on further research questions. Collectively, this article highlights the high unmet need in GPP, as there exists no satisfactory method of diagnosis or treatment to date and new treatment options will be of great therapeutic benefit to those affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristian Reich
- Institute for Health Services Research in Dermatology and Nursing, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Augustin
- Institute for Health Services Research in Dermatology and Nursing, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sascha Gerdes
- Psoriasis-Center, Clinic for Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein/Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Kamran Ghoreschi
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt- Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Georgios Kokolakis
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt- Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rotraut Mößner
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Mrowietz
- Psoriasis-Center, Clinic for Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein/Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Andreas Pinter
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Allergology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Knut Schäkel
- Department of Dermatology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Petra Staubach
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Michael Sticherling
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie, Department of Dermatology, Friedrich- Alexander University, Friedrich-Alexander University, Erlangen-Nuermberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Diamant Thaçi
- Institute and Comprehensive Center for Inflammation Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
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23
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Barbieux C, Bonnet des Claustres M, Fahrner M, Petrova E, Tsoi LC, Gouin O, Leturcq F, Nicaise-Roland P, Bole C, Béziat V, Bourrat E, Schilling O, Gudjonsson JE, Hovnanian A. Netherton syndrome subtypes share IL-17/IL-36 signature with distinct IFN-α and allergic responses. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2022; 149:1358-1372. [PMID: 34543653 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2021.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Netherton syndrome (NS) is a rare recessive skin disorder caused by loss-of-function mutations in SPINK5 encoding the protease inhibitor LEKTI (lymphoepithelial Kazal-type-related inhibitor). NS patients experience severe skin barrier defects, display inflammatory skin lesions, and have superficial scaling with atopic manifestations. They present with typical ichthyosis linearis circumflexa (NS-ILC) or scaly erythroderma (NS-SE). OBJECTIVE We used a combination of several molecular profiling methods to comprehensively characterize the skin, immune cells, and allergic phenotypes of NS-ILC and NS-SE patients. METHODS We studied a cohort of 13 patients comprising 9 NS-ILC and 4 NS-SE. RESULTS Integrated multiomics revealed abnormal epidermal proliferation and differentiation and IL-17/IL-36 signatures in lesion skin and in blood in both NS endotypes. Although the molecular profiles of NS-ILC and NS-SE lesion skin were very similar, nonlesion skin of each disease subtype displayed distinctive molecular features. Nonlesion and lesion NS-SE epidermis showed activation of the type I IFN signaling pathway, while lesion NS-ILC skin differed from nonlesion NS-ILC skin by increased complement activation and neutrophil infiltration. Serum cytokine profiling and immunophenotyping of circulating lymphocytes showed a TH2-driven allergic response in NS-ILC, whereas NS-SE patients displayed mainly a TH9 axis with increased CCL22/MDC and CCL17/TARC serum levels. CONCLUSIONS This study confirms IL-17/IL-36 as the predominant signaling axes in both NS endotypes and unveils molecular features distinguishing NS-ILC and NS-SE. These results identify new therapeutic targets and could pave the way for precision medicine of NS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Barbieux
- INSERM UMR 1163, Laboratory of Genetic Skin Diseases, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | | | - Matthias Fahrner
- Institute for Surgical Pathology, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine (SGBM), Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Evgeniya Petrova
- INSERM UMR 1163, Laboratory of Genetic Skin Diseases, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Lam C Tsoi
- INSERM UMR 1163, Laboratory of Genetic Skin Diseases, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Gouin
- INSERM UMR 1163, Laboratory of Genetic Skin Diseases, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Florent Leturcq
- INSERM UMR 1163, Laboratory of Genetic Skin Diseases, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Pascale Nicaise-Roland
- Department of Immunology, Bichat Hospital, AP-HP-Nord, Paris, France; INSERM UMR 1152, Paris, France
| | | | - Vivien Béziat
- INSERM UMR 1163, Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | | | - Oliver Schilling
- Institute for Surgical Pathology, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Alain Hovnanian
- University of Paris, Paris, France; Department of Genetics, Necker Hospital for Sick Children (AP-HP), Paris, France; Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich.
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24
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Todorović V, McDonald HM, Hoover P, Wetter JB, Marinopoulos AE, Woody CL, Miller L, Finkielsztein A, Dunstan RW, Paller AS, Honore P, Getsios S, Scott VE. Cytokine Induced 3-D Organotypic Psoriasis Skin Model Demonstrates Distinct Roles for NF-κB and JAK Pathways in Disease Pathophysiology. Exp Dermatol 2022; 31:1036-1047. [PMID: 35213752 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Psoriasis vulgaris is an inflammatory skin disease that affects 2-3% of the population worldwide. One of the major challenges in discovering novel therapies is the poor translatability of animal models to human disease. Therefore, it is imperative to develop human preclinical models of psoriasis that are amenable to pharmacological intervention. Here we report a 3-D reconstituted human epidermis (RHE) culture system treated with cytokines commonly associated with psoriasis (TNFα, IL-17A and IL-22) that reproduced some key features of the human disease. The effects on epidermal morphology, gene transcription and cytokine production, which are dysregulated in psoriasis were assessed. Certain morphological features of psoriatic epidermis were evident in cytokine-stimulated RHEs, including hypogranulosis and parakeratosis. In addition, RHEs responded to a cytokine mix in a dose-dependent manner by expressing genes and proteins associated with impaired keratinocyte differentiation (keratin 10/K10, loricrin), innate immune responses (S100A7, DEFB4, elafin), and inflammation (IL-1α, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12/23p40, IL-36γ, GM-CSF, and IFNγ) typical of psoriasis. These disease-relevant changes in morphology, gene transcription, and cytokine production were robustly attenuated by pharmacologically blocking TNFα/IL-17A-induced NF-κB activation with IKK-2 inhibitor IV. Conversely, inhibition of IL-22-induced JAK1 signaling with ABT-317 strongly attenuated morphological features of the disease but had no effect on NFκB-dependent cytokine production, suggesting distinct mechanisms of action by the cytokines driving psoriasis. These data support the use of cytokine-induced RHE models for identifying and targeting keratinocyte signaling pathways important for disease progression and may provide translational insights into novel keratinocyte mechanisms for novel psoriasis therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Paul Hoover
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Amy S Paller
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Spiro Getsios
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
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25
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Thakur V, Mahajan R. Novel Therapeutic Target(s) for Psoriatic Disease. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:712313. [PMID: 35265634 PMCID: PMC8898896 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.712313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis, together known as psoriatic disease, is highly prevalent chronic relapsing inflammatory disease affecting skin, joints or both and is associated with several comorbidities such as cardiovascular, metabolic, psychiatric, renal disease etc. The etiopathogenesis of psoriasis is complex and mainly driven by aberrant immune response owing to the genetic susceptibility and various environmental factors such as trauma, infections and drugs. Recent advances in understanding molecular and cellular pathways have identified tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-17 (IL-17), IL-23, IL-22 as major contributors in psoriasis pathogenesis. Advances in the knowledge of pathophysiology, the interaction of autoinflammation and clinical phenotypes have led to the development of highly effective targeted therapeutic agents which include TNF-α, IL-17, IL-23, IL-1 α/β or IL-36 inhibitors or receptor blockers, small molecule drugs like phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitors (apremilast), Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors, retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor γt (RORγt) inhibitors. These novel drugs have promised the potential of improved disease control. In recent years, the transition from biologics to biosimilars especially with TNF-α inhibitors had significant impact on decreasing health care cost and increasing therapeutic options to the patients. However, selection of right treatment for an individual patient still remains challenging. Moreover, interplay between different epigenetic mechanisms such as the DNA methylation, chromatin modifications and noncoding RNA regulation has recently been started to be deciphered. Enzymes inhibitors involved in epigenetic pathways such as DNA methyltransferases and histone deacetylases demonstrated to restore normal epigenetic patterns in clinical settings and have provided the potential as novel therapeutic targets for psoriasis. In this review, we will discuss novel biologic agents and newer therapeutic approaches in treatment of psoriatic disease.
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26
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Wang X, Liang Y, Wang H, Zhang B, Soong L, Cai J, Yi P, Fan X, Sun J. The Protective Role of IL-36/IL-36R Signal in Con A-Induced Acute Hepatitis. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 208:861-869. [PMID: 35046104 PMCID: PMC8830780 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The IL-36 family, including IL-36α, IL-36β, IL-36γ, and IL-36R antagonist, belong to the IL-1 superfamily. It was reported that IL-36 plays a role in immune diseases. However, it remains unclear how IL-36 regulates inflammation. To determine the role of IL-36/IL-36R signaling pathways, we established an acute hepatitis mouse model (C57BL/6) by i.v. injection of the plant lectin Con A. We found that the levels of IL-36 were increased in the liver after Con A injection. Our results demonstrated the infiltrated neutrophils, but not the hepatocytes, were the main source of IL-36 in the liver. Using the IL-36R-/- mouse model (H-2b), we surprisingly found that the absence of IL-36 signals led to aggravated liver injury, as evidenced by increased mortality, elevated serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels, and severe liver pathological changes. Further investigations demonstrated that a lack of IL-36 signaling induced intrahepatic activation of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes and increased the production of inflammatory cytokines. In addition, IL-36R-/- mice had reduced T regulatory cell numbers and chemokines in the liver. Together, our results from the mouse model suggested a vital role of IL-36 in regulating T cell function and homeostasis during liver inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofang Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis of Hunan, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
| | - Yuejin Liang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
- Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
| | - Biao Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China; and
| | - Lynn Soong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
- Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
| | - Jiyang Cai
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
| | - Panpan Yi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis of Hunan, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China;
| | - Xuegong Fan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis of Hunan, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China;
| | - Jiaren Sun
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX;
- Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
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27
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Role of Interleukin 36 in Generalised Pustular Psoriasis and Beyond. Dermatol Ther (Heidelb) 2022; 12:315-328. [PMID: 35060076 PMCID: PMC8850521 DOI: 10.1007/s13555-021-00677-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
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28
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Treatment Options and Goals for Patients with Generalized Pustular Psoriasis. Am J Clin Dermatol 2022; 23:51-64. [PMID: 35061230 PMCID: PMC8801408 DOI: 10.1007/s40257-021-00658-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Generalized pustular psoriasis (GPP) is a rare, severe neutrophilic skin disorder characterized by sudden widespread eruption of superficial sterile pustules with or without systemic inflammation. GPP flares can be life-threatening if untreated due to potential severe complications such as cardiovascular failure and serious infections. Currently, there are no GPP-specific therapies approved in the USA or Europe. Retinoids, cyclosporine, and methotrexate are the most commonly used non-biologic therapies for GPP. The evidence that supports the currently available treatment options is mainly based on case reports and small, open-label, single-arm studies. However, recent advances in our understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms of GPP and the identification of gene mutations linked to the disease have paved the way for the development of specific targeted therapies that selectively suppress the autoinflammatory and autoimmune mechanisms induced during GPP flares. Several biologic agents that target key cytokines involved in the activation of inflammatory pathways, such as tumor necrosis factor-α blockers and interleukin (IL)-17, IL-23, and IL-12 inhibitors, have emerged as potential treatments for GPP, with several being approved in Japan. The evidence supporting the efficacy of these agents is mainly derived from small, uncontrolled trials. A notable recent advance is the discovery of IL36RN mutations and the central role of IL-36 receptor ligands in the pathogenesis of GPP, which has defined key therapeutic targets for the disease. Biologic agents that target the IL-36 pathway have demonstrated promising efficacy in patients with GPP, marking the beginning of a new era of targeted therapy for GPP.
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29
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Abstract
Generalized pustular psoriasis (GPP) is a rare, severe form of pustular psoriasis characterized by widespread, recurrent episodes of neutrophil-rich pustule formation in the epidermis, which can be accompanied by fever and systemic inflammation. Recent clinical, histologic, and genetic evidence indicates that GPP is a distinct entity from plaque psoriasis, with different cytokine pathways predominant in the manifestation of each disease. The interleukin-36 (IL-36) signaling cascade plays a key role in regulating the innate immune system, and its dysregulation appears central to the pathogenesis of GPP. The altered expression of various IL-36 pathway constituents has been shown to cause a positive feedback loop of uncontrolled signaling and excess production of inflammatory cytokines, which in turn leads to chemokine induction and neutrophil recruitment in the epidermis. Given the potentially life-threatening nature of GPP episodes, drug interventions that rapidly achieve disease resolution are required. Early phase data indicate that treatments targeting various components of the IL-36 inflammatory cascade represent promising areas of research. However, there are currently no therapeutic agents specifically approved for GPP in the USA or Europe. Understanding the inflammatory pathways, associated risk factors, and role of neutrophils in the manifestation and perpetuation of GPP flares remains a key goal in developing effective therapeutics. In this article, we summarize the current understanding of GPP, describe novel therapeutic opportunities, and detail how the unique pathophysiology of the disease may inform future treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lluis Puig
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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30
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Peñaloza HF, van der Geest R, Ybe JA, Standiford TJ, Lee JS. Interleukin-36 Cytokines in Infectious and Non-Infectious Lung Diseases. Front Immunol 2021; 12:754702. [PMID: 34887860 PMCID: PMC8651476 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.754702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The IL-36 family of cytokines were identified in the early 2000’s as a new subfamily of the IL-1 cytokine family, and since then, the role of IL-36 cytokines during various inflammatory processes has been characterized. While most of the research has focused on the role of these cytokines in autoimmune skin diseases such as psoriasis and dermatitis, recent studies have also shown the importance of IL-36 cytokines in the lung inflammatory response during infectious and non-infectious diseases. In this review, we discuss the biology of IL-36 cytokines in terms of how they are produced and activated, as well as their effects on myeloid and lymphoid cells during inflammation. We also discuss the role of these cytokines during lung infectious diseases caused by bacteria and influenza virus, as well as other inflammatory conditions in the lungs such as allergic asthma, lung fibrosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cystic fibrosis and cancer. Finally, we discuss the current therapeutic advances that target the IL-36 pathway and the possibility to extend these tools to treat lung inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hernán F Peñaloza
- Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Rick van der Geest
- Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Joel A Ybe
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States
| | - Theodore J Standiford
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Janet S Lee
- Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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31
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Akiyama M. Pustular psoriasis as an autoinflammatory keratinization disease (AiKD): Genetic predisposing factors and promising therapeutic targets. J Dermatol Sci 2021; 105:11-17. [PMID: 34973880 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2021.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Pustular psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by erythematous plaques with sterile pustules. It includes the distinct clinical entities generalized pustular psoriasis (GPP), acrodermatitis continua of Hallopeau (ACH) and palmoplantar pustular psoriasis (PPPP). Recently clarified pathomechanisms of pustular psoriasis indicate that hyperactivation of the skin innate immunity, including of the IL-1/IL-36 axis, plays an important role in the pathogenesis of pustular psoriasis. Autoinflammatory keratinization disease (AiKD) is the umbrella clinical entity for inflammatory keratinization disorders with genetic autoinflammatory pathomechanisms, and pustular psoriasis is a representative AiKD. To date, mutations/variants in five genes-IL36RN, CARD14, AP1S3, MPO and SERPINA3-have been reported to be genetic causative or predisposing factors for pustular psoriasis. The pathogenic mechanisms induced by the mutations/variants in these genes are all closely related to the excessive activation of skin innate immunity and autoinflammation. A number of biologics (e.g., tumor necrosis factor inhibitors, IL-17/IL-17 receptor inhibitors and IL-23 inhibitors) and granulocyte and monocyte adsorption apheresis are used to treat pustular psoriasis. Recently, based on novel information on the pathomechanisms of pustular psoriasis, which are mainly associated with autoinflammation, inhibitors of several pathogenic pathways, including of the IL-1, IL-36, IL-8 and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor signaling pathways, have been studied as emerging treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Akiyama
- Department of Dermatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
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32
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Elias M, Zhao S, Le HT, Wang J, Neurath MF, Neufert C, Fiocchi C, Rieder F. IL-36 in chronic inflammation and fibrosis - bridging the gap? J Clin Invest 2021; 131:144336. [PMID: 33463541 DOI: 10.1172/jci144336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
IL-36 is a member of the IL-1 superfamily and consists of three agonists and one receptor antagonist (IL-36Ra). The three endogenous agonists, IL-36α, -β, and -γ, act primarily as proinflammatory cytokines, and their signaling through the IL-36 receptor (IL-36R) promotes immune cell infiltration and secretion of inflammatory and chemotactic molecules. However, IL-36 signaling also fosters secretion of profibrotic soluble mediators, suggesting a role in fibrotic disorders. IL-36 isoforms and IL-36 have been implicated in inflammatory diseases including psoriasis, arthritis, inflammatory bowel diseases, and allergic rhinitis. Moreover, IL-36 has been connected to fibrotic disorders affecting the kidney, lung, and intestines. This review summarizes the expression, cellular source, and function of IL-36 in inflammation and fibrosis in various organs, and proposes that IL-36 modulation may prove valuable in preventing or treating inflammatory and fibrotic diseases and may reveal a mechanistic link between inflammation and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Elias
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Digestive Diseases and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Shuai Zhao
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Digestive Diseases and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Hongnga T Le
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Digestive Diseases and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Digestive Diseases and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drug, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province, China
| | - Markus F Neurath
- Department of Medicine 1 and Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie DZI, Universitaetsklinikum Erlangen, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Clemens Neufert
- Department of Medicine 1 and Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie DZI, Universitaetsklinikum Erlangen, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Claudio Fiocchi
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Digestive Diseases and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Florian Rieder
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Digestive Diseases and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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33
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Zheng J, Chen D, Xu J, Ding X, Wu Y, Shen HC, Tan X. Small molecule approaches to treat autoimmune and inflammatory diseases (Part III): Targeting cytokines and cytokine receptor complexes. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2021; 48:128229. [PMID: 34214508 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2021.128229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Chronic and dysregulated cytokine signaling plays an important role in the pathogenic development of many autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Despite intrinsic challenges in the disruption of interactions between cytokines and cytokine receptors, many first-in-class small-molecule inhibitors have been discovered over the past few years. The third part of the digest series presents recent progress in identifying such inhibitors and highlights the application of novel research tools in the fields of structural biology, computational analysis, screening methods, biophysical/biochemical assays and medicinal chemistry strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiamin Zheng
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Roche Innovation Center Shanghai, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Dongdong Chen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Roche Innovation Center Shanghai, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jie Xu
- Department of Immunology, Infectious Disease and Ophthalmology, Roche Innovation Center Shanghai, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xiao Ding
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Roche Innovation Center Shanghai, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yao Wu
- Computer Aided Drug Design, Roche Innovation Center Shanghai, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hong C Shen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Roche Innovation Center Shanghai, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xuefei Tan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Roche Innovation Center Shanghai, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Shanghai 201203, China.
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Wang X, Yi P, Liang Y. The Role of IL-36 in Infectious Diseases: Potential Target for COVID-19? Front Immunol 2021; 12:662266. [PMID: 34054828 PMCID: PMC8155493 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.662266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
IL-36 is a member of the interleukin 1 cytokine family, which is currently experiencing a renaissance due to the growing understanding of its context-dependent roles and advances in our understanding of the inflammatory response. The immunological role of IL-36 has revealed its profound and indispensable functional roles in psoriasis, as well as in several inflammatory diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and cancer. More recently, an increasing body of evidence suggests that IL-36 plays a crucial role in viral, bacterial and fungal infections. There is a growing interest as to whether IL-36 contributes to host protective immune responses against infection as well as the potential implications of IL-36 for the development of new therapeutic strategies. In this review, we summarize the recent progress in understanding cellular expression, regulatory mechanisms and biological roles of IL-36 in infectious diseases, which suggest more specific strategies to maneuver IL-36 as a diagnostic or therapeutic target, especially in COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofang Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis of Hunan, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Panpan Yi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis of Hunan, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuejin Liang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
- Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
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35
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Iznardo H, Puig L. Exploring the Role of IL-36 Cytokines as a New Target in Psoriatic Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094344. [PMID: 33919434 PMCID: PMC8122427 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Unmet needs in the treatment of psoriasis call for novel therapeutic strategies. Pustular psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis often represent a therapeutic challenge. Focus on IL-36 cytokines offers an interesting approach, as the IL-36 axis has been appointed a critical driver of the autoinflammatory responses involved in pustular psoriasis. Two IL-36R blocking antibodies, imsidolimab and spesolimab, are currently undergoing phase II and III clinical trials, with promising results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Iznardo
- Dermatology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Lluís Puig
- Dermatology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain;
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08041 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence:
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36
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Griffiths JS, Camilli G, Kotowicz NK, Ho J, Richardson JP, Naglik JR. Role for IL-1 Family Cytokines in Fungal Infections. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:633047. [PMID: 33643264 PMCID: PMC7902786 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.633047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungal pathogens kill approximately 1.5 million individuals per year and represent a severe disease burden worldwide. It is estimated over 150 million people have serious fungal disease such as recurrent mucosal infections or life-threatening systemic infections. Disease can ensue from commensal fungi or new infection and involves different fungal morphologies and the expression of virulence factors. Therefore, anti-fungal immunity is complex and requires coordination between multiple facets of the immune system. IL-1 family cytokines are associated with acute and chronic inflammation and are essential for the innate response to infection. Recent research indicates IL-1 cytokines play a key role mediating immunity against different fungal infections. During mucosal disease, IL-1R and IL-36R are required for neutrophil recruitment and protective Th17 responses, but function through different mechanisms. During systemic disease, IL-18 drives protective Th1 responses, while IL-33 promotes Th2 and suppresses Th1 immunity. The IL-1 family represents an attractive anti-fungal immunotherapy target. There is a need for novel anti-fungal therapeutics, as current therapies are ineffective, toxic and encounter resistance, and no anti-fungal vaccine exists. Furthering our understanding of the IL-1 family cytokines and their complex role during fungal infection may aid the development of novel therapies. As such, this review will discuss the role for IL-1 family cytokines in fungal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- James S Griffiths
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Giorgio Camilli
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Natalia K Kotowicz
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jemima Ho
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan P Richardson
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Julian R Naglik
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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37
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Ngo VL, Kuczma M, Maxim E, Denning TL. IL-36 cytokines and gut immunity. Immunology 2021; 163:145-154. [PMID: 33501638 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin 36 (IL-36) constitutes a group of cytokines that belong to the IL-1 superfamily. Emerging evidence has suggested a role of IL-36 in the pathogenesis of many inflammatory disorders. Intriguingly, in the gastrointestinal tract, IL-36 has a rather complex function. IL-36 receptor ligands are overexpressed in both animal colitis models and human IBD patients and may play both pathogenic and protective roles, depending on the context. IL-36 cytokines comprise three receptor agonists: IL-36α, IL-36β and IL-36γ, and two receptor antagonists: IL-36Ra and IL-38. All IL-36 receptor agonists bind to the IL-36R complex and exert pleiotropic effects during inflammatory settings. Here, we first briefly review the processing and secretion of IL-36 cytokines. We then focus on the current understanding of the immunology effects of IL-36 in gut immunity. In addition, we also discuss the ongoing trials that aim to blockage IL-36R signalling for treating chronic intestinal inflammation and present some unexplored questions regarding IL-36 research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vu L Ngo
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Michal Kuczma
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Estera Maxim
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Timothy L Denning
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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38
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Iznardo H, Puig L. The interleukin-1 family cytokines in psoriasis: pathogenetic role and therapeutic perspectives. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2021; 17:187-199. [PMID: 33538202 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2021.1886081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: IL-1 family cytokines play an important role in the innate immune system and their uncontrolled activation and expression can initiate a pathologic inflammatory response. Their role in psoriasis, pustular psoriasis, and psoriatic arthritis has been studied, and they offer potential interest as therapeutic targets.Areas covered: This review focuses on the role that interleukin (IL)-1 family cytokines play in psoriasis pathogenesis, with a special focus on pustular psoriasis, and how these cytokines can be used as therapeutic targets. Using PubMed, we review the literature for articles related to IL-1 family cytokines and psoriasis, focusing on pustular psoriasis, and including pathogenesis, genetics and therapeutic targets.Expert opinion: IL-1 and IL-36 cytokines act as critical drivers of the autoinflammatory responses involved in pustular psoriasis. Studies on the specific role of each IL-1 cytokine are needed, as well as of their regulatory pathways. Targeting of IL-1 family cytokines has been used in pustular psoriasis, with IL-1 and IL-36 R blockade showing promising results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Iznardo
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital De La Santa Creu I Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lluís Puig
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital De La Santa Creu I Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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39
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Leon G, Hussey S, Walsh PT. The Diverse Roles of the IL-36 Family in Gastrointestinal Inflammation and Resolution. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2021; 27:440-450. [PMID: 32860042 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izaa232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The interleukin (IL)-36 family is a member of the IL-1 superfamily of cytokines and, in common with other IL-1 family members, has been shown to exhibit pleiotropic effects in homeostasis and inflammation. Although the important role these cytokines play in the skin has been widely reported, recent evidence suggests that IL-36 family members are expressed and can also exert significant influence at the intestinal mucosa. In this review, we summarize current knowledge surrounding the role of the IL-36 in the intestines. In particular, we examine its likely dichotomous role as a mediator of both inflammation and resolution, highlighting its overlapping roles in innate and adaptive inflammation at the mucosa and its contribution to pathophysiology of inflammatory bowel disease. We also summarize the complexities of targeting this cytokine family in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Leon
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,National Children's Research Centre, Our Lady's Children's Hospital, Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Seamus Hussey
- National Children's Research Centre, Our Lady's Children's Hospital, Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Patrick T Walsh
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,National Children's Research Centre, Our Lady's Children's Hospital, Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland
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40
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Tape strips detect distinct immune and barrier profiles in atopic dermatitis and psoriasis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2021; 147:199-212. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.05.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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41
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Dietrich JD, Longenecker KL, Wilson NS, Goess C, Panchal SC, Swann SL, Petros AM, Hobson AD, Ihle D, Song D, Richardson P, Comess KM, Cox PB, Dombrowski A, Sarris K, Donnelly-Roberts DL, Duignan DB, Gomtsyan A, Jung P, Krueger AC, Mathieu S, McClure A, Stoll VS, Wetter J, Mankovich JA, Hajduk PJ, Vasudevan A, Stoffel RH, Sun C. Development of Orally Efficacious Allosteric Inhibitors of TNFα via Fragment-Based Drug Design. J Med Chem 2020; 64:417-429. [PMID: 33378180 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) is a soluble cytokine that is directly involved in systemic inflammation through the regulation of the intracellular NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways. The development of biologic drugs that inhibit TNFα has led to improved clinical outcomes for patients with rheumatoid arthritis and other chronic autoimmune diseases; however, TNFα has proven to be difficult to drug with small molecules. Herein, we present a two-phase, fragment-based drug discovery (FBDD) effort in which we first identified isoquinoline fragments that disrupt TNFα ligand-receptor binding through an allosteric desymmetrization mechanism as observed in high-resolution crystal structures. The second phase of discovery focused on the de novo design and optimization of fragments with improved binding efficiency and drug-like properties. The 3-indolinone-based lead presented here displays oral, in vivo efficacy in a mouse glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (GPI)-induced paw swelling model comparable to that seen with a TNFα antibody.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin D Dietrich
- Research & Development, AbbVie, 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Kenton L Longenecker
- Research & Development, AbbVie, 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Noel S Wilson
- Research & Development, AbbVie, 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Christian Goess
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, 100 Research Drive, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
| | - Sanjay C Panchal
- Research & Development, AbbVie, 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Steven L Swann
- Research & Development, AbbVie, 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Andrew M Petros
- Research & Development, AbbVie, 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Adrian D Hobson
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, 100 Research Drive, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
| | - David Ihle
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, 100 Research Drive, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
| | - Danying Song
- Research & Development, AbbVie, 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Paul Richardson
- Research & Development, AbbVie, 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Kenneth M Comess
- Research & Development, AbbVie, 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Philip B Cox
- Research & Development, AbbVie, 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Amanda Dombrowski
- Research & Development, AbbVie, 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Kathy Sarris
- Research & Development, AbbVie, 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Diana L Donnelly-Roberts
- Research & Development, AbbVie, 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - David B Duignan
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, 100 Research Drive, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
| | - Arthur Gomtsyan
- Research & Development, AbbVie, 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Paul Jung
- Research & Development, AbbVie, 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - A Chris Krueger
- Research & Development, AbbVie, 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Suzanne Mathieu
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, 100 Research Drive, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
| | - Andrea McClure
- Research & Development, AbbVie, 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Vincent S Stoll
- Research & Development, AbbVie, 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Jill Wetter
- Research & Development, AbbVie, 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - John A Mankovich
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, 100 Research Drive, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
| | - Philip J Hajduk
- Research & Development, AbbVie, 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Anil Vasudevan
- Research & Development, AbbVie, 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Robert H Stoffel
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, 100 Research Drive, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
| | - Chaohong Sun
- Research & Development, AbbVie, 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
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Wang H, Wang S, Li L, Wang X, Liu C, Lu M, Xia Y, Liu Y. Involvement of the cytokine TWEAK in the pathogenesis of psoriasis vulgaris, pustular psoriasis, and erythrodermic psoriasis. Cytokine 2020; 138:155391. [PMID: 33302223 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2020.155391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Psoriasis is a common chronic inflammatory dermatitis in which various cytokines play a detrimental role. The cytokine tumor necrosis factor-related weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK) is involved in the pathogenesis of multiple inflammatory disorders. However, the potential role of TWEAK in various subtypes of psoriasis has not been studied in depth. To investigate whether the levels of TWEAK are associated with clinical traits and the levels of some known psoriasis-related cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-17A, IL-22, interferon (IFN)-γ, and IL-36γ, 20 patients with psoriasis vulgaris (PV), 8 patients with pustular psoriasis (PP), 8 patients with erythrodermic psoriasis (EP), and 20 healthy controls (HCs) were recruited into this study. The levels of serum cytokines were detected by commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. The average levels of TWEAK, IL-17A, IL-22, IFN-γ, and IL-36γ were significantly higher in the psoriasis groups than in the HC group. Furthermore, there was a statistically significant correlation between TWEAK and IL-17A/IFN-γ in PV and IL-36γ in EP, but there was no correlation between TWEAK and IL-22 in any subtype of psoriasis. This study suggests that TWEAK may have a role in the pathogenesis of PV, PP, and EP via synergy with IL-17A, IFN-γ, or IL-36γ, but not with IL-22.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huixia Wang
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Sijia Wang
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Liang Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiuying Wang
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chengfei Liu
- Cancer Centre, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Mei Lu
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yumin Xia
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Yale Liu
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
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Interleukin-36: Structure, Signaling and Function. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 21:191-210. [PMID: 32026417 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2020_488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The IL-36 family belongs to a larger IL-1 superfamily and consists of three agonists (IL-36α/β/γ), one antagonist (IL-36Ra), one cognate receptor (IL-36R) and one accessory protein (IL-1RAcP). The receptor activation follows a two-step mechanism in that the agonist first binds to IL-36R and the resulting binary complex recruits IL-1RAcP. Assembled ternary complex brings together intracellular TIR domains of receptors which activate downstream NF-κB and MAPK signaling. Antagonist IL-36Ra inhibits the signaling by binding to IL-36R and preventing recruitment of IL-1RAcP. Members of IL-36 are normally expressed at low levels. Upon stimulation, they are inducted and act on a variety of cells including epithelial and immune cells. Protease mediated N-terminal processing is needed for cytokine activation. In the skin, the functional role of IL-36 is to contribute to host defense through inflammatory response. However, when dysregulated, IL-36 stimulates keratinocyte and immune cells to enhance the Th17/Th23 axis and induces psoriatic-like skin disorder. Genetic mutations of the antagonist IL-36Ra are associated with occurrence of generalized pustular psoriasis, a rare but life-threatening skin disease. Anti-IL-36 antibodies attenuate IMQ or IL-23 induced skin inflammation in mice, illustrating IL-36's involvement in mouse model of psoriasis. Other organs such as the lungs, the intestine, the joints and the brain also express IL-36 family members upon stimulation. The physiological and pathological roles of IL-36 are less well defined in these organs than in the skin. In this chapter, current progress on IL-36 protein and biology is reviewed with a discussion on investigative tools for this novel target.
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44
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Chen J, Du J, Han Y, Wei Z. Correlation analysis between IL-35, IL-36γ, CCL27 and psoriasis vulgaris. J DERMATOL TREAT 2019; 32:621-624. [PMID: 31682473 DOI: 10.1080/09546634.2019.1689226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Jiaxi Du
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yiyang Han
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Zhiping Wei
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
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